Will "apt-get upgrade" update the kernel on LTS? I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS. My question is: Will running "apt-get upgrade" update the kernel? I have read in some untrusted places that only running "apt-get dist-upgrade" will update the kernel.

Is it true?

P.S.Logically I don't think it should update, as it is LTS (stable release).

Only those installing from the 12.04.2 or newer point release media
  will automatically receive a newer enablement stack by default.

To remain on the original Precise stack, Install from a previous 12.04.0 or 12.04.1 point release and update. The previous 12.04.0 and 12.04.1 releases are archived here.

Source: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/LTSEnablementStack

Well Your answer is YES. but by some steps as follows:

Add kernel repository

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:kernel-ppa/ppa

after this this ask you for password . you can enter your password and hit enter
and now again run following command.

sudo apt-get update

Now again follows command to check did you add Kernel properly.

apt-cache showpkg linux-headers

now one more and you done :).

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-3.8.0-26 linux-headers-3.8.0-26-generic linux-image-3.8.0-26-generic --fix-missing

Now You can restart you system and you done.  :)


How to get rkhunter to skip "[Press  to continue]" Every time that I scan my machine with rkhunter using the following command:

sudo rkhunter --checkall

After it has finished with a certain type of check it asks me:

[Press <ENTER> to continue]

And this has become rather annoying and I keep forgetting that I have run it, so hours later I realise that it has been sitting on that prompt all this time. It is also rather annoying that I have to sit staring at it the whole time while it is doing the scan so that I can press ENTER to allow it to continue.

So really that is my question, is there any way in which I can get it not to prompt me to press ENTER but just to get on with the scan so that all I have to do is to run it by executing the initial command and then come back later to check the results?

OS Information:

Description:    Ubuntu 14.10
Release:    14.10

Package Information:

rkhunter:
  Installed: 1.4.0-3
  Candidate: 1.4.0-3
  Version table:
 *** 1.4.0-3 0
        500 http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ utopic/universe amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

From man rkhunter:

--sk, --skip-keypress
      When the --check command option is used, after certain  sections
      of  tests,  the user will be prompted to press the return key in
      order to  continue.  This  option  disables  that  feature,  and
      rkhunter will run until all the tests have completed.
      If  this  option has not been given, and the user is prompted to
      press the return key, a  single  's'  character,  in  upper-  or
      lowercase,  may  be  given  followed by the return key. rkhunter
      will then continue the tests without prompting  the  user  again
      (as if this option had been given).

If you use rkhunter with cronjob, you can use the script

/usr/bin/rkhunter -c -sk

Tested by me on my Centos 7.


While ubuntu is suspended, my computer continues to run and use excessive battery power I understand that suspend uses battery power to keep the information on the RAM, but I suspend ubuntu and later when I get my computer out of my bag, it is very hot. It is as if the hard drive and fans continue to run. Does anyone have a solution?? Thanks.

Because your notebooks cooling fan won't run after you suspend your system and your it's continuously running(only the RAM consumes power of course) so it will not be able get the heat out of box


Install Windows 7 from Ubuntu on USB Drive I don't have cd burner, so I want to install W7 on my 2nd computer via an USB-Drive. I just copied the files from the iso but it won't boot. So I installed ms-sys and did a ms-sys -7 /dev/sdb
but it just says "Boot error".

How can I install it the right way? Tried many different tutorials by now but none worked.

Get your USB flash drive of 4GB or more, and an ISO-image of the Windows 7-DVD.

First you'll wanna format the drive. This can be done with gParted. To format NTFS you'll also need ntfs-3g.

sudo apt-get install gparted ntfs-3g

Now open gParted and format the drive to NTFS.
Download Unetbootin version 494.
Open Unetbootin, select DiskImage and browse for your Windows 7 ISO-image.
Check "Show all drives" and select your USB drive. If you're not sure which drive it is, open gParted again and check.
Click OK

Plug the USB drive into any machine and boot from it. It will start the Windows 7-installer.

Source: this tutorial.

I'd like to propose an alternate solution, provided you have the ISO and a working windows installation.

Download Windows Download Tool
Run it under windows
Select the ISO file
Select USB drive
Enjoy your bootable USB.


Where is "temp1" located? I have all sorts or temperature indicators, one for each core and two for the gpu. but one is just showing "temp1" is there a way to know what temp one is showing?

I'm using Indicator Applet Complete 0.4.12 to see the temperatures.

When I ran sensors-detect I noticed that there was a virtual device. and "temp1" has the same critical temperatures.

$ sudo find /sys -iname "*temp1*"
/sys/devices/virtual/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input
/sys/devices/virtual/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_crit

The labels come from the libsensors config file - /etc/sensors.conf - and are determined based on chipset. When you see temp1 etc. it means there is no label defined yet for that sensor on that chipset. This is probably because it your hardware is new, or your libsensors is old (unlikely with 11.04), or maybe different vendors use the sensor for different things, or other reasons.

I would suggest using the stress or other stress-testing command to put load on certain parts of your system in order to determine what the sensor is for, and then add your own label into sensors.conf, eg.:

chip "lm87-*"
    label temp1 "M/B Temp"

Replace the lm87-* with your chipset as seen in the output of running sensors from a shell.

Check out this webupd8 article:

Indicator-Sensors Displays CPU/Motherboard Temperature on the Panel Using an AppIndicator [Ubuntu]

Currently you can install the PPA version of indicator-sensors by running the commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexmurray/indicator-sensors
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-sensors

(This integrates the updated information about the official PPA into the commands given in that article.)

The article provides some information about how to configure it after installing:

  Once installed, launch Indicator-Sensors from Dash (it's called
  "Hardware Sensors Indicator"). Then you'll need to configure it:
  click the appindicator and select "Preferences", then expand the
  various temperature modules you see in the Preferences dialog and
  check the box next to the temperature / voltage / fan speed you want
  to displayed on the panel.


What causes high CPU usage by mount.ntfs? I'm in Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit. mount.ntfs use high CPU--40%. I have Intel Core i5-3210M. Why is this happening?

lsblk:

NAME   FSTYPE   SIZE MOUNTPOINT        LABEL
sda           465.8G
├─sda1 ntfs     300M                   Windows RE tools
├─sda2 vfat     100M /boot/efi         SYSTEM
├─sda3 ntfs     438M                   Windows
├─sda4 ntfs    97.7G
├─sda5 ext4    94.1G /
├─sda6 ntfs   263.3G /media/user/DATA1 DATA
├─sda7          128M
└─sda8 ntfs     9.5G                   Recovery
sr0            1024M

top:

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
26199 root      20   0   14712   1940    684 R  45.5  0.0   3:07.80 mount.ntfs
26268 user      20   0 1255660 385524  49108 S  15.3  4.8   1:01.41 firefox
28549 root      20   0  483936 130680 109148 S  12.3  1.6  11:06.58 Xorg
26250 user      20   0  538956  30212  19316 S   6.0  0.4   0:22.58 gnome-syst+
29140 user      20   0 1579488 237416  38440 S   5.3  2.9   5:56.58 compiz
 8311 user      20   0 4833744 253740  25596 S   4.3  3.1   1:26.34 java
31864 user      20   0  671040  22512  13420 S   1.3  0.3   0:07.73 gnome-term+
   10 root      20   0       0      0      0 S   0.3  0.0   0:13.72 rcuos/2

Changing the mount options for the NTFS partition changed the application I was using from unusable with 100% mount.ntfs CPU to fully functional. The key one to use is "big_writes", but my full list is:

windows_names,norecover,big_writes,streams_interface=windows,inherit

You'd use it like this:

mount -t ntfs -o windows_names,norecover,big_writes,streams_interface=windows,inherit /dev/disk/by-uuid/DISKUUID /mountpoint

The full list of options and what they mean on the Ubuntu manpage for ntfs-3g: https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/eoan/man8/ntfs-3g.8.html

the only solution for me was reinstalling the OS .


How do you run Ubuntu Server with a GUI? Trying to run a Ubuntu server for the first time... But everything is in a terminal. Is there a way to switch to a GUI?

There's no specific distribution called “Ubuntu server”, it's all Ubuntu. There are different installation media for Ubuntu desktop and server, but the difference is only in the initial installation program and the set of packages included. The server installation media doesn't install a GUI by default, but it's just a package installation away.  The desktop installation media does install a GUI by default.

To add a desktop UI environment to an Ubuntu installed as the "server" variety, you'll need to install some packages from the internet.

Run these commands to install a desktop environment:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

You should get a graphical login prompt at that point (I'm not completely sure; if you don't get one, reboot).

Once you have a GUI, you should go and enable a few more software sources, at the very least security updates and the universe repository. Click on the Ubuntu button, and search for "Software Sources”, and check the “restricted”, “universe” and “multiverse” boxes (in addition to “main”) in the first tab, and check at least “-security” and “-updates” (and you might as well check the others) in the “Updates” tab.

How do I enable the "multiverse" repository?
How do I enable the "Universe" repository?

Gathering from what you are saying I assume you would like one of two things:

Re-install MacOS
Install a GUI on the (already cleanly wiped) system.

Am I correct in this?

If it's the first, you should mark this and ask a Moderator to move it the "Ask Different" section, if it's the second you once again have two choices:

Download the Ubuntu 11.04 Desktop installation DVD and install all the required packages on the server, or
Simply install the Desktop Edition on the system from scratch (my suggestion, since you have already wiped everything of interest anyways) and then install any needed server components on top of that using Ubuntu's package manager, Synaptic, or the CLI.


Which big computer companies support the Ubuntu project financially? When looking for hardware, I often try to find out if the manufacturer employs open source developers and things like that. I know Canonical has relations with a couple of big computer companies, but who, apart from Canonical, is supporting the community effort directly? Is there a list?

I know of employees of the following companies who are tasked with improvements to Ubuntu as a primary job responsibility, including maintenance or delivery of software in the archive, bugfixing, and other development work performed on and in Ubuntu.  This list is necessarily incomplete, as it is exceedingly likely that many folk have not decided to disclose their employment and/or job responsibilities to me (or I forgot).  Some of these may not meet your definition of "big", others are indisputably so.

ARM
Canonical
Cisco
Dell
Freescale
Google
IBM
Linux System Dynamics
Ksplice
KTS
Nokia
NTT
Oracle
Rackspace
Revolution Linux
Samsung
ST Ericsson
10gen
Texas Instruments
Tiger Security

I am also aware of employees of many other firms who provide publicity or support services (magazine publishers, book publishers, event organisers, on- or off-site systems support services, deployment services, etc.) for Ubuntu or Ubuntu Derivatives (including the remixes typically deployed for pre-installed systems) who consider themselves to be part of the Ubuntu community, although their output is often not in the form of patches or uploads directly to Ubuntu.

Further, there are a number of companies that look favorably on contributions by their employees into Ubuntu, and whose staff hold significant positions within the Ubuntu community, but who have not explicitly tasked their staff with improvements to Ubuntu as a primary responsibility.

Beyond that, there exists a significant number of individual or small consultancies that provide services which sometimes include delivery or improvement of software in Ubuntu or delivery of Ubuntu into some environment, for which necessary modifications are applied directly to Ubuntu.  While these are surely not "big", they not infrequently perform services for clients that meet most definitions of "big".  As these relationships are typically confidential between the parties concerned, they may necessarily not be listed here.

Additionally, there is the list of companies that have commercial relationships with all those above, with the intent of delivering Ubuntu to users or supporting Ubuntu.  While these companies may not be directly funding Ubuntu Development, without their assistance, few of the aforementioned firms would be as interested in funding that development.


Ubuntu unique workspaces is it possible too have unique workspaces in Ubuntu?

For example:

1st workspace:

Programming launcher icons
Programming files on desktop

2nd workspace:

libre office launcher icons
words and excel files on desktop

What I want to have is unique launcher icons for every workspace and different files on my desktop for every workspace!

Is it possible?
How can I do it?

I do not if you can do this with Unity, but PC Linux does something similar to what you want.  It places different types of icons/programs on different work spaces.  Internet on work space one, office on work space two, and so on.


Unable to understand what jdk location is I have java installed correctly for sure.

aaa@ubuntu:~$ whereis java
java: /usr/bin/java /usr/bin/X11/java /usr/local/java /usr/share/java
aaa@ubuntu:~$ whereis javac
javac: /usr/bin/javac /usr/bin/X11/javac

But when I'm trying to add the location of /usr/bin/java in IntellyJ Idea12 as a java project sdk, I can't do that because it requires the folder and /usr/bin/java is a file. Even if I specify /usr/bin, it says that it's not a valid location.

So where is it located and how do I setup a location to be a java sdk for IntellyJ Idea12 or for Eclipse?

UPDATE:
The path "/usr/lib/jvm/" doesn't exist

UPDATE2:

I used this tutorial http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-on-Ubuntu-Linux

All ubuntu JRE and JDK installs gets stored in /usr/lib/jvm/.
You need to add the multi-arch specific JDK location to Idea12.
For example, on 32-bit x86 Ubuntu installations, use /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-i386.

whereis locates source/binary and manuals sections for specified files. Then supplied  names  are first stripped of leading pathname components and any (single) trailing extension of the form .ext, for example,.c. Prefixes  of  s.   resulting  from  use of source code control are also dealt with.  whereis then attempts to locate the desired program  in  a list of standard Linux places.

java: /usr/bin/java /usr/bin/X11/java /usr/local/java /usr/share/java

That is just a symbolic link of java installation. you can read here


CPU frequency is always at minimum, even if CPU usage is 100% I don't know when this issue began to happen, it might have been since the time I installed Ubuntu (16.04, fresh). I was observing that Ubuntu was unusually slow, environment was choppy and CPU usage was high even when idle, initially I thought that some program was slowing it down.
After some time, I figured out what was causing it, the CPU frequency is set to 800 MHz, non-stop, regardless of circumstances. The maximum frequency is supposed to be 3100 MHz with Turbo-boost and 2000 MHz usually. I have deliberately set the CPU usage (of all 4 threads on 2 cores) to 100% by having Blender render some stuff on CPU, it still remains at 800 MHz.
I have tried setting maximum performance profile, but it still remains low. I have tested the temperature, it seems to be 60°C all the time, when 87°C is considered high and 105°C critical. I am running on AC power all the time, the battery does not appear to be recharging since some time ago.
This is what cpufreq-info reports:
 driver: intel_pstate
 CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
 CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
 maximum transition latency: 0.97 ms.
 hardware limits: 800 MHz - 3.10 GHz
 available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave
 current policy: frequency should be within 2.00 GHz and 3.10 GHz.
                 The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use
                 within this range
 current CPU frequency is 800 MHz (asserted by call to hardware).

It is the same for other 3 CPU units.
This is what lscpu reports:
Architecture:          x86_64
CPU op-mode(s):        32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order:            Little Endian
CPU(s):                4
On-line CPU(s) list:   0-3
Thread(s) per core:    2
Core(s) per socket:    2
Socket(s):             1
NUMA node(s):          1
Vendor ID:             GenuineIntel
CPU family:            6
Model:                 58
Model name:            Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3537U CPU @ 2.00GHz
Stepping:              9
CPU MHz:               799.921
CPU max MHz:           3100,0000
CPU min MHz:           800,0000
BogoMIPS:              3990.99
Virtualization:        VT-x
L1d cache:             32K
L1i cache:             32K
L2 cache:              256K
L3 cache:              4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s):     0-3
Flags:                 fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush dts acpi mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss ht tm pbe syscall nx rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon pebs bts rep_good nopl xtopology nonstop_tsc aperfmperf eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq dtes64 monitor ds_cpl vmx est tm2 ssse3 cx16 xtpr pdcm pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand lahf_lm epb tpr_shadow vnmi flexpriority ept vpid fsgsbase smep erms xsaveopt dtherm ida arat pln pts

In powersave mode, it behaves identically. If I disconnect the AC power and run on battery, the CPU frequency skyrockets to 2800 MHz, so it seems to be an issue only on AC power (which is quite the opposite of what is it supposed to do).
I have tried to set change CPU profiles, I have tried to disable frequency scaling (How I can disable CPU frequency scaling and set the system to performance?), I have tried to set scaling_min_freq in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-3]/cpufreq to some higher value, but neither of them did anything. The frequency remains minimal.
The CPU type is Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3537U CPU @ 2.00GHz, the computer is Dell Inspiron 15z Touch.
I have also an issue with battery not charging even if the computer is fed from the AC adapter.
More diagnostics:
$ sudo rdmsr --bitfield 15:8 -d -a 0x198
8
8
8
8
$ sudo rdmsr --bitfield 15:8 -d -a 0x199
9
8
9
9

In the case of 0x199, the numbers 8 and 9 appear to be randomly permuted between consecutive calls.

It turned out that this problem was unrelated to the intel_pstate driver, because acpi_cpufreq, the other driver, reported better values but never set them. The OS had probably no control over this.

This is a issue that happens with certain Dell laptops when charging is broken in a way that the laptop is powered by AC but not charged. Fixing the hardware problem removes the problem. In this case, it was an almost invisible piece of cloth in the power connector that prevented electrical contact.

Workaround solution

# Determinate CPU capabilities
MAX_CPU=$(cpupower frequency-info -l | tail -n1 | cut -d' ' -f2)

# Disable "BD PROCHOT"
wrmsr -a 0x1FC 262238;

# Set and apply frequencies
cpupower frequency-set \
  -d $(expr $MAX_CPU / 2) \
  -u $MAX_CPU \
  -r \
  -g performance;


Black screen on Ubuntu install; nomodeset doesn't work I am trying to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on my computer (Deskmini, Ryzen 3200G), but when I get a black screen after going past grub. Adding nomodeset doesn't change anything. Can anyone help?

18.04 LTS images use kernel 4.15, but support for the 3200G wasn't added until kernel 5.0.15, or 5.0.0-21.22 in Ubuntu, so you need to install linux-image-generic-hwe-18.04 after you get the installed system booted, or just install from a 18.04.3 or later LTS image. You did not say whether your boot failure was on booting the installer, or booting the freshly installed system. If the former, make sure you are putting "nomodeset" in the correct place in grub. I was able to boot an 18.04 disc on a 3200G (non-A300) that way. If that does not work for you, then there may be additional things your particular motherboard needs in grub, possibly "iommu=soft".


No "efi" option during manual disk partitions I was trying to install kubuntu 15.10 with the official image(downloaded from kubuntu.org) from live-usb, created with usb-creator-kde.

The notebook had already installed windows 8 in uefi mode.

I identified 100mb /dev/sda2 partition with fat as the bootloader partition, and was expecting to see something resembling this picture from tutorial

However, the "type" field of /dev/sda2 was fat32 and there was no option "efi" if I tried to change it, only "reserved bios partition", ext2, ext3, ext4, ntfs and so forth.

I also was worried by the fact that ubuntu have not recognized existing windows installation, usually it provides option of "installing alongside windows"

As I understand, this happened because I logged in with legacy live-usb kubuntu mode rather than uefi, however I don't see any other option during startup and if I try to manually add "uefi" option to the start command parameters I get kernel panic.

What is the proper way to make live-usb with ubuntu for uefi computer?

To start with your question:

  What is the proper way to make Live USB with Ubuntu for UEFI computer ?

Create a working USB drive by using the disks tool from within Ubuntu.
Open it and select Restore Disk Image from the menu on the top right.
Choose the ISO file and the USB drive to write it to and start restoring.

Now to your screenshot:

So far everything seems to be just the way it should be.

Install Ubuntu to the already existing partition sda6.

But the device for boot loader installation – you have to select sda.
The boot loader will automatically be installed to EFI partition sda2.

Fat32 is uses for Linux. NTFS is used for windows partitions. You can also install Linux alongsode Windows and use the windows boot manager if it will save any troublr. You need to delete the efi folder in your drive and reinstall once your done installing all operating systems. You shouldn't have to repartition. Also if you're having trouble with partitions, DOS command has a partitioning utility. You simply must use DOS strings and set the portion by KB integers from 0 to say 256000 in order. So your second partition might start at 45,128 for example but its size must match with the other partitions and if you,re not exact you may have to use a better formatting utility.


Linksys AE1200 usb dongle I have read the  How do I install the driver for my Linksys AE1200 Wireless-N USB Adapter? question and I have been able to get the blue indicator light on and

  Sudo ndiswrapper -l :

  bcmwlhigh5 : driver installed

  device (13B1:0039) present

The problem is that when I go to my networking (Wcid network manager) it does not come up at all, What whats wrong?
about my machine:

Ubuntu 14. trusty tahr
wireless dongle is the only way beside a Internet cable to give me Internet(were this machine needs to go a cable is not possible and it does not have a built in wifi).

Did you choose wlan0 as interface name and wext as driver in Wicd? Please check:

sudo service network-manager stop
sudo killall wpa_supplicant
sudo service wicd restart

I was pretty happy yesterday when I found that Linksys AE1200 usb dongle is fully supported in elementary OS that is based on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. It worked flawlessly at the first boot. So to everyone asking if it will work on linux, I say yes, it does work in the new linux versions without hassle.


What is the difference between scp and cp? I'm really new to the command line and Ubuntu and I have recently learned that there is the scp command as well as the cp command. I tried to use an scp command to move a directory from Point A to Point B, but it didn't work. However, when I used cp, it worked just fine.

What is the difference between the two and how do I determine when to use one over the other?

TL;DR Read the man pages:

man scp
man cp

From man scp

NAME
     scp — secure copy (remote file copy program)

SYNOPSIS
     scp [-12346BCpqrv] [-c cipher] [-F ssh_config] [-i identity_file] [-l limit] [-o ssh_option] [-P port] [-S program] [[user@]host1:]file1 ...
         [[user@]host2:]file2

DESCRIPTION
     scp copies files between hosts on a network.  It uses ssh(1) for data transfer, and uses the same authentication and provides the same security
     as ssh(1).  scp will ask for passwords or passphrases if they are needed for authentication.

     File names may contain a user and host specification to indicate that the file is to be copied to/from that host.  Local file names can be made
     explicit using absolute or relative pathnames to avoid scp treating file names containing ‘:’ as host specifiers.  Copies between two remote
     hosts are also permitted.

from man cp

NAME
       cp - copy files and directories

SYNOPSIS
       cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
       cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY
       cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...

DESCRIPTION
       Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

If you have spaces in filenames, scp handles them more nicely than cp, so I often use it even for copying on my local machine for that reason.


How to configure proxy authentication to work with Ubuntu Software Center? I have tried put in apt config Acquire::http::proxy, and in Network>Network proxy with and without user:password@server:port and using environment variables http_proxy and https_proxy. Nothing seems to work, not even a single proxy authentication popup window.

The only proxy configuration working is within Firefox Edit> Preferences> Advanced> Network> Connection> Settings> Manual Proxy Configuration.

Using gconf to manually set the proxy doesn't work

Using Synaptic in previous Ubuntu versions was too simple.

Go to /etc/apt. Create the file apt.conf if you don't have it there. Write the following lines there.

Acquire::http::proxy "http://username:password@proxyserver:port/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://username:password@proxyserver:port/";
Acquire::socks::proxy "socks://username:password@proxyserver:port/";

Save it. You are done.

Well this worked - however it didn't work to just use Acquire::http::proxy "http://host:port/" - I had to use Acquire::http::proxy "http://user:pass@host:port/" even though I haven't a password on the proxy (I just did use "user and pass" to keep the syntax).


Adjust Firefox and Thunderbird to a High DPI touchscreen display (retina) If you are using a high DPI Display with a resolution of 3200x1600 px you can adjust Unity with a System wide Menu and titlebar scaling But Firefox is not really ready for this: All pages and the Icons stay tiny.

multiplication of system font increase and browser font increase makes system controls (combobox, lists, drop down lists) extremely big on many websites, where the form elements are affected by the scaling two times, so all form elements are huge (4x).

emails in Thunderbird are displayed tiny, so you have to use Ctrl++ all the time

How can I adjust Firefox and Thunderbird, so everything will look normal?

Install my Firefox-addon Zoom Menu Elements (or install this file from source on github).
Alternative: you can manually open a new tab about:config in Firefox and search for layout.css.devPixelsPerPx set this value to 2 or 1.5 as you wish to adjust the size of the Firefox icons
(source, bug report)
Install the Firefox-addon Fix for zoomed default-font to fix some issues with huge form elements on some pages (for ex. the login on reddit.com, ... see this question )
Pinch-to-zoom works out of the box (see here), for older versions the grab and drag addon for Firefox makes it possible to navigate the Internet by touch (disable it with the button  in the add-on-bar when using a mouse)
Additionally, (but not needed) install the Firefox addon NoSquint or  Default Fullzoomlevel and chose in settings: default full page zoom level 120%.

In Thunderbird you have to go for the alternative from step 1 in the advanced configuration (although I prefer not to change the overall size but use Ctrl+ and Ctrl- instead, to adjust the size of the email window)

Use chromium-browser instead

Firefox supports minimal touch-screen usage for some time now, and can be adapted via some add-ons, but Chrome supports:

Pinch-to-zoom
scrolling with one finger

out of the box.

To adapt the resolution, You only need the system wide scaling


I wasn't able to access remote server using SSH! I wasn't able to access to remote server using ssh! What should I do?
I have installed firewall in my machine,now I uninstall it but it's still didn't connect!(the keypair is in the same directory.)
please help me!

Try to use ubuntu as your login, instead ec2-user.


Making window moves/drags as wireframes in LXDE? I'm using x2go for remote desktop management over a relatively high latency link, using Windows and Linux clients, and the host/server is Lubuntu 14.04.

I've managed to optimize most of the settings, but one thing that is horribly slow is when I drag a window (especially a browser window) there's a noticeable lag/delay.

I recall from my fvwm2 days (I know, I know...) there was an option where you could tell the window manager to only show the wireframe of a window when it was being moved or resized, instead of constantly repainting the entire window contents.

Is there a way to set this behavior in LXDE?  I suppose a more accurate question might be "is there a way to do this in openbox"?

I had this problem using xrdp. There doesn't seem to be any effort to implement this function in openbox (see https://bugzilla.icculus.org/show_bug.cgi?id=3342 ). However, there is the possibility to use an alternative window manager with LXDE (see https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/LXDE#Use_a_different_window_manager -> option: "window_manager=" ), which then offers this function (in my case, JWM helped -> option: MoveMode and ResizeMode in .jwmrc). Fluxbox will also work.

I don't know of a wireframe option but openbox does allow lots of custom window management through keyboard shortcuts. However http://openbox.org/wiki/Help:Configuration suggests that if you edit ~/.config/openbox/lubuntu-rc.xml if you are using the lubuntu session.
  no
  Always
  Fixed

    400
    center

 editing the line that says draw contents to no will make it a solid color when moving and resizing windows. To get openbox to reload its configuratoin file you will need to run openbox --reconfigure

If this still does not perform well enough you can try to work around resizing windows with the mouse with the following methods. Although out of the box lubuntu has keyboard shortcuts to snap windows to half the screens size with the super (windows key) and an arrow key to snap to that half of the screen. Also keep in mind you can learn to use virtual workspaces in lubuntu and switch between those in lubuntu to aviod needing to resize windows as often. There are the keyboard shortcuts control alt left and control alt right to switch between desktops. You can also use the windows key and f1 or f2 but you can add up to four workspaces and then super key plus f3 and f4 will allow you to switch to additional workspaces. You can add works spaces just for this session by middle clicking on the desktop or permanently by setting a number in openbox configuration manager.


Set up autorotate of screen in 18.10 with Wayland I tried following this guide which apparently worked back in 2016. Is there an equivalent method that might work with Wayland? I saw somewhere that Gnome now supports it but my display settings only show a way to set the screen orientation manually.

The good old xrandr -o [rotation] won't work in Ubuntu 18.

The working command to rotate screen in Ubuntu 18 is

xrandr --output [display port] --rotate [rotation]

with

[rotation] being, as before, one of normal, left, right or inverted;
[display port]: unless you already know yours (HDMI, DP, eDP...), you can

run xrandr alone and read through what it says to find the one which is said to be connected;

or
run xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1 to have Shell bring it to you.

With the two commands put together, you have:

o=$(xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1); xrandr --output $o --rotate [rotation]

or

xrandr --output $(xrandr | egrep -o '^.+ connected' | cut -d " " -f 1) --rotate [rotation]


xfce4-power-manager does not open I recently changed my DE from Unity to XFCE. I really enjoyed it, but the power manager doesn't work. When I try to open it from the settings menu, I get the following error:

Unable to connect to Xfce Power Manager

Did not receive a reply. Possible causes include:
the remote application did not send a reply, the message bus security policy
blocked the reply, the reply timeout expired, or the network connection was
broken.

When I try to run it from the command line, it simply does nothing. I found some other solutions where people said to try running xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon (here: xubuntu 13.10 xfce4-power-manager not working), but then I get the following messages:

(xfce4-power-manager:23973): xfce4-power-manager-WARNING **: could not map keysym 1008ffa8 to keycode

(xfce4-power-manager:23973): xfce4-power-manager-WARNING **: 'CheckAuthorization' failed with Action org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-set-spindown is not registered

And then the shell halts until I hit ctrl+c.

Then I read that this is a known bug and the best solution was to downgrade to a previous version of the power manager. I tried using aptitude for this, but it complained that every version I wanted did not exist, even if I was taking the version numbers from the xfce4-power-manager repository. The next thing I tried was to download the package and install it myself. But when I tried to configure, the script told me some libraries were missing, even though they are installed:

*** The required package libxfconf-0 was not found on your system.
*** Please install libxfconf-0 (atleast version 4.6.0) or adjust
*** the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
*** installed the package in a nonstandard prefix so that
*** pkg-config is able to find it.

I was told that library is already pre-installed in Ubuntu.

Then I tried using the gnome-power-manager. Even though it is installed, when I try to run it from the command line, it says there is no such program. And it would also not appear in the XFCE settings menu, which I would like.

Updating instructions for Xubuntu 14.04.1

First remove the old launcher
sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/xfce4-power-manager.desktop

Then create a new one....
Settings Manager / System / Session and StartupChoose tab Application Autostart

At the bottom click Add and enter the following:

Name:     Xfce Power Manager (for example your name)
   Description:         Power manager    startup   New command:     xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon

Edited because the askubuntu interface is messing up CR/LF

xfce4-power-manager not started, applet not visible

Delete > Desktop configuration file:

/etc/xdg/autostart/xfce4-power-manager.desktop

Settings Manager / Session and Startup / Startup Applications

Item disabled:

Energy Management (power Management Xfce environment)

New item enabled:

      Name:        Xfce Power Manager (for example your name)
      Description: Power manager startup
      New command: xfce4-power-manager --no-daemon

http://ubuntuset.url.ph/power_manager.html


sudo apt-get install (google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb) is not working I was told that sudo apt-get install (package.deb) installs the software with all the dependencies too.

I am trying install Google Chrome, but when I do this step, it generates the following error:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb'

Does anyone have a solution to this problem ?

You will want to run sudo dpkg -i packagename.deb instead of apt-get.

here is a solution which is worked for me,

sudo apt-get install python-pip python-dev build-essential

run the above command first and try to upgrade the packages

sudo pip install --upgrade pip
sudo pip install --upgrade virtualenv

now you try installing chrome or anything as usual


Dual boot - Installing ubuntu on pre-installed windows 8... then lost dual boot I have an acer laptop, aspire M It came with a pre-installed windows 8.

I've made a boot usb key with ubuntu 13.04, created a 4gb swap partition, and an ext3 partition for ubuntu.

Then on the reboot, it only finds ubuntu in the Grub.

I'm no expert. I know my way around the basic stuff, basic understanding but that's it.

Luckily, this is an easy problem to fix. Here's what you need to do:

Open a Terminal emulator with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type sudo update-grub and hit Enter
Wait for the command to finish running.
Shut down. (Don't restart! You may have to reboot again to get to Windows 8 if you do.)
Turn on your computer.

Now, you should see Windows 8 in the GRUB2 boot menu. Have fun with Ubuntu!


Proxy Blocking apt-get, Allowing wget/curl I'm having an issue getting passed my corporate proxy server.  I had an exception put in place to allow my IP address to pass through, but haven't been able to get apt-get to work.

wget can get to the Ubuntu repos without any issues.

root@server:/tmp# http_proxy=http://<PROXY>:8080 wget http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages.bz2
--2014-01-24 09:17:38--  http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-backports/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages.bz2
Resolving <PROXY> (<PROXY>)... x.x.x.25, x.x.x.24
Connecting to <PROXY> (<PROXY>)|x.x.x.25|:8080... connected.
Proxy request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5178 (5.1K) [application/x-bzip2]
Saving to: `Packages.bz2'

100%[========================================>] 5,178       --.-K/s   in 0.001s

2014-01-24 09:17:38 (7.78 MB/s) - `Packages.bz2' saved [5178/5178]

root@server:/tmp# ll -h
total 16K
drwxrwxrwt  2 root root 4.0K Jan 24 09:17 ./
drwxr-xr-x 23 root root 4.0K Jan 16 14:14 ../
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 5.1K Jan 24 09:05 Packages.bz2
root@server:/tmp#

I setup my apt-conf.d proxy configurations.

root@server:/tmp# cat /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30proxy
Acquire::http::proxy "http://<PROXY>:8080";
Acquire::ftp::proxy "ftp://<PROXY>:8080";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://<PROXY>:8080";
root@server:/tmp#

apt-get still fails with a 403  Forbidden error.

root@server:/tmp# apt-get update
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg
<...snipped excess...>
Ign http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe TranslationIndex
Err http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/main Sources
  403  Forbidden [IP: x.x.x.25 8080]
<...snipped excess...>
Err http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security/multiverse i386 Packages
  403  Forbidden [IP: x.x.x.25 8080]
W: Failed to fetch http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/main/source/Sources  403  Forbidden [IP: x.x.x.24 8080]
<...snipped excess...>
W: Failed to fetch http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise-security/multiverse/binary-i386/Packages  403  Forbidden [IP: x.x.x.25 8080]
E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
root@server:/tmp#

PROXY replaces my proxy server's FQDN

The problem is with the reported user-agent.  This is why the proxy worked with wget and not apt-get.

I ran tcpdump -Ai eth0 port 8080 to see what the http looked like and received a 'non approved user-agent' message from our corporate proxy.

<...snip...>

ACCESS DENIED

The software you are accessing the internet with is not reporting an
    approved "User-Agent"

<...snip...>

The Ubuntu Manpage had a section that explains that configuration parameter.

  Acquire::http::User-Agent can be used to set a different User-Agent
  for the http download method as some proxies allow access for clients
  only if the client uses a known identifier.

apt-get 307 error provided the needed syntax, you simply add the below syntax to /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30proxy (or whatever you choose).

Acquire::http::User-Agent "Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 10.0; Windows NT 6.1; Trident/6.0)";

Now, apt-get updates go through flawlessly.

root@server:/etc/apt/apt.conf.d# apt-get update
Hit http://security.ubuntu.com precise-security Release.gpg
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise Release.gpg
<...snip...>
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/multiverse Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/restricted Translation-en
Hit http://us.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en
Reading package lists... Done

yes man, you were right from the beginning.(I think I understood your problem). From my understanding to your problem the waywget works with proxies, is not the same as apt-get does. How about you remove the 3 of lines  Acquire::http::proxy "http://<PROXY>:8080"; from this directory /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/30proxy or maybe remove the file 30proxy and try update from the terminal uisng only one proxy address as in root@server:/tmp# http_proxy=http://<PROXY>:8080 apt-get updateor root@server:/tmp# http_proxy=http://<PROXY>:8080 | apt-get update. I believe it has something to do with proxy and apt-get configuration, which I have no idea to do it. I'm just trying to help you trying things.

You still have the option of wget the links of updates then fetch them then install them.


How to Ubuntu change the Plymouth theme? Is there any safe tool for changing Plymouth theme.

I found a couple of tools but as I found users commenting that those tools mess up one's system I didn't try them.

Can you recommend some good tools?

Have you tried Plymouth Manager? It's easy to use.

Check the Plymouth Manager site/blog here: http://plymouthmanager.wordpress.com/


What is the easiest way to enable PHP on nginx? What is the easiest way to enable PHP on nginx on Ubuntu 12.04?

Best solution is the one that request minimal work, ideally just a package installation :)

The following method will get you started fast on Ubuntu 12.04:

Install the dependences:

sudo apt-get install php5-common php5-cli php5-fpm

Install nginx:

sudo apt-get install nginx

Start nginx:

sudo service nginx start

Test that it's working (should see "Welcome to nginx!")

sudo service nginx stop

In your nginx site configuration (/etc/nginx/sites-available/default), modify the line in the server {} section

index index.html index.htm to index index.php index.html index.htm.

Uncomment the lines in the server {} section starting with

listen for ipv4 / ipv6 both.

Scroll down to where it says location ~ \.php { and uncomment lines so it looks like this:

location ~ \.php$ {
  fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;
  fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  fastcgi_index index.php;
  include fastcgi_params;
}

sudo service php5-fpm restart
sudo service nginx restart

Your default web root is located at /usr/share/nginx/www (per the config file).  (See root /usr/share/nginx/www;

(Note: For Ubuntu 12.10 or newer, you will need to replace the fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; line with this to make it work: fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;)

sudo apt install nginx php-fpm

Note the fpm version, or check php -v. 7.3.11-0ubuntu0.19.10.3 (cli) in my case.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

Set the correct root folder.
Add index.php to the index directive.
Uncomment the location handler for php, but leave the "php-cgi" line commented if you use php-fpm. Also ensure the correct fpm version lest you get "502 Bad Gateway" on localhost: fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.3-fpm.sock;

sudo service nginx restart

That works on:

$ nginx -v
nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 (Ubuntu)
$ uname -a
Linux cees-XPS-13-9380 4.15.0-1067-oem #77-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 20 09:23:07 UTC 2020 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux


How can I make the command "eclipse myprogram.c" work in terminal? As the title says how can I make that command work. I have eclipse installed in my /opt/ folder and I did make a destop file with:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=4.6
Name=Eclipse Neon C
GenericName=IDE
Comment=Eclipse Neon for c/c++ developers
Exec=/opt/eclipse/eclipse
Terminal=false
Icon=/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
Type=Application
Categories=Utility;Application;

However whenever I type eclipse myprogram.c, I get the following error"

The program 'eclipse' is currrently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt install eclipse-platform.

The eclipse binary, is what is executed on the command line.  Unlike the Desktop and Dash which can use application launchers, you have to make sure the binary is stored in your PATH variable in the command line.

If you want to make this usable one-time, then run export PATH="/opt/eclipse:$PATH".

If you want this to work perpetually for the future, then we need to make sure every time the shell is opened yourself, and add the /opt/eclipse folder to your PATH so that eclipse is correctly interpreted by your terminal.  If you are running Bash, add it to ~/.bashrc, run source ~/.bashrc, and then run your original command again:

export PATH="/opt/eclipse:$PATH"

If you drop your .desktop file into .local/share/applications, then the eclipse program will be found.

What I don't know is if you can pass it a parameter like myprogram.c, without modifying your exec line in your .desktop file. If it won't pass your myprogram.c parameter, you can try changing the exec line to "Exec=/opt/eclipse/eclipse $1", without the quotes, or maybe Exec="/opt/eclipse/eclipse $1" with the quotes, and see if that works. postnote: maybe the $1 should be %F.

If that doesn't work, maybe some other expert here can help more.

Cheers, Al


Authentication token manipulation error I forgot my Ubuntu password so I booted into recovery and dropped into a root shell prompt and this is what happened:

root@username-PC:~# passwd username
Enter new UNIX password:
Retype new UNIX password:
passwd: Authentication token manipulation error
passwd: password unchanged

Also make sure you are mounting the file system read/write.

After immediately selecting 'Drop into root shell prompt' I found the filesystem was mounted read only, which prevents resetting the password.

Choosing the option to remount / as read/write and going back into the root shell prompt enabled the password change.

The command to run prior to changing the password is: mount -rw -o remount /

If you have LikeWise or PowerBroker installed, this will occur for root.  I was forced to uninstall pbis-open (which i was not using anymore).

sudo aptitude purge pbis-open pbis-open-legacy pbis-open-gui pbis-open-upgrade


Is it possible to run a command on the client when a ssh session is closed? I know that I can run a local command when I establish a ssh connection, something which is quite useful for setting up terminal title for example.

Still, I'm looking for a solution to run a command when the ssh connection is closed.

Usage:

>ls
>ssh server2
# want to run something here on the client, this can be done with .ssh/config ProxyCommand
>ls
>exit
# I want to run something on the client, how!?
>ls

According to Dill on Ubuntuforums you can implement a logout script like so:

If you don't already have one, create a .bash_logout file:

http://rcsg-gsir.imsb-dsgi.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/documents/advanced/node125.html

Here are the contents of my default .bash_logout on an Ubuntu machine and Debian server:

# ~/.bash_logout: executed by bash(1) when login shell exits.

# when leaving the console clear the screen to increase privacy

if [ "$SHLVL" = 1 ]; then
[ -x /usr/bin/clear_console ] && /usr/bin/clear_console -q
fi

Feedback seems good to his answer.  Link for reference

If you want the command to continue running after you close the SSH connnection, use the nohup command - see https://superuser.com/questions/143925/what-happens-to-running-processes-when-i-lose-a-remote-connection-to-a-nix-box


Ubuntu 18.04 LTS : sky2 ethernet stops working after system resume from suspend? I upgraded Ubuntu 17.10 to version 18.04 LTS .... and unfortunately I encountered a problem with the network card / driver: sky2

sky2 ethernet stops working after system resume from suspend !

I returned again from backup to version 17.10 .....

but I checked a few releases of Ubuntu LTS for example Xubuntu 18.04 / Lubuntu 18.04 / mod Voyager LTS 18.04 in LIVE version
Everywhere this error occurs:

  sky2 ethernet stops working after system resume from suspend !

help trick / script / entry in the terminal:

..........................

sleep 5
case $1/$2 in
post/*)
sudo systemctl restart network-manager.service
modprobe -r sky2
modprobe sky2
;;
esac

chmod +x !

..................................

this is probably related to the kernel version on Ubuntu 17.10 is: 4.13.0-39
on version LTS 18.04 kernel 4.15.0-20

06:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Marvell Technology Group Ltd. Yukon Optima 88E8059 [PCIe Gigabit Ethernet Controller with AVB] [11ab:4381] (rev 11)
    Subsystem: Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Yukon Optima 88E8059 [PCIe Gigabit Ethernet Controller with AVB] [144d:c06a]
    Control: I/O+ Mem+ BusMaster+ SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx+
    Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    Latency: 0, Cache Line Size: 64 bytes
    Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 24
    Region 0: Memory at f5420000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Region 2: I/O ports at b000 [size=256]
    Expansion ROM at f5400000 [disabled] [size=128K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel driver in use: sky2
    Kernel modules: sky2

This problem is discussed on the bug reporter at:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1758507

According to the thread, a solution should be coming soon. :)

OK ...problem solved
I checked dmesg .....error:
[ 380.567633] do_IRQ: 3.34 No irq handler for vector

I applied fix to grub file : pci=nomsi,noaer

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pci=nomsi,noaer"

update-grub / reboot
and everything works fine ??? :-)


Journalctl filling up with Gnome shell errors As of early this morning, the journalctl log is filling up with literally millions of errors, each of the form:

mei 07 08:04:47 Ophelia gnome-shell[2197]: JS ERROR: TypeError: null has no properties
                                           _onFocusChanged@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/closeDialog.js:135:9
                                           popModal@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/main.js:587:22
                                           _continueDeactivate@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/screenShield.js:523:18
                                           deactivate/<@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/screenShield.js:493:44
                                           finish@resource:///org/gnome/shell/gdm/authPrompt.js:517:13
                                           finish@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/unlockDialog.js:845:26
                                           deactivate@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/screenShield.js:493:26
                                           _onUserBecameActive@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/screenShield.js:305:18
                                           _wakeUpScreen@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/screenShield.js:475:14
                                           _init/<@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/unlockDialog.js:554:69
                                           _countChanged@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/unlockDialog.js:272:18
                                           _sourceAdded/obj.sourceCountChangedId<@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/unlockDialog.js:201:18
                                           countUpdated@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/messageTray.js:791:15
                                           pushNotification@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/messageTray.js:852:14
                                           showNotification@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/messageTray.js:857:14
                                           processNotification@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/notificationDaemon.js:469:18
                                           _notifyForSource@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/notificationDaemon.js:355:16
                                           NotifyAsync@resource:///org/gnome/shell/ui/notificationDaemon.js:226:18
                                           _handleMethodCall@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/core/overrides/Gio.js:371:35
                                           _wrapJSObject/<@resource:///org/gnome/gjs/modules/core/overrides/Gio.js:404:34

The exact text after the first few lines is sometimes different, but they all look like this. The computer was on at that time but I wasn't doing any work on it.
Besides, the gnome interface is noticeably slower today when I switch from one app window to another. If I run a top command in a terminal window and switch back and forth, I can clearly see the systemd-journal process eating 100% cpu for a while.

Does anyone notice something like this? Is this a bug in Gnome-shell?

Edit: the start of these errors coincides with an unattended-upgrades process. From the history, I can see that these packages were upgraded this morning:

firefox
firefox-locale-en
firefox-locale-nl
libapache2-mod-php7.4
libldap-2.4-2
libldap-common
php7.4-cli
php7.4-common
php7.4-json
php7.4-mysql
php7.4-readline
php7.4-opcache

None jumps out as the obvious culprit though.

Not a real answer to the question, but a workaround: deactivating and reactivating the Dash-to-Panel Gnome extension (on extensions.gnome.org) helped. That is, Alt + Tab switching from one application to another is now much faster, and systemd-journal does no longer take 100% after such a switch.

I haven't checked whether journalctl still displays that many errors, as they can only be viewed one screen at a time and there are still millions of messages. In a few days I'll clean up the log (with the vacuum keyword that I also discovered today) and report back here if the messages, contrary to expectations, still appear.

Work around.
2 Edits to same file. Turn off logging to system-d journal.
FileName='/etc/systemd/journald.conf'

########## 1st edit ####################
Line to replace
FindLine='#RateLimitIntervalSec='

Show the line to edit
cat $FileName | grep --color -E "^|$FindLine"

Replacement
ReplaceWith='#RateLimitIntervalSec=0s'

Replace
sudo sed -i "/$REPLACE/c\$ReplaceWith" $FileName

Show edited line
cat $FileName | grep --color -E "^|$FindLine"

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
###############  2nd edit ##########################
Line to replace
FindLine='#RateLimitBurst='

Show the line to edit
cat $FileName | grep --color -E "^|$FindLine"

Replacement
ReplaceWith='#RateLimitBurst=0s'

Replace
sudo sed -i "/$REPLACE/c\$ReplaceWith" $FileName

Show edited line
cat $FileName | grep --color -E "^|$FindLine"

Restart System-D Journal
systemctl restart systemd-journald


Install KDE DE without any effect on unity Yesterday I installed KDE in ubuntu 14.04 and I was quite pleased. Then I realised that the KDE install had

messed up with fonts and all I had were ugly looking fonts (in Chrome and Firefox to be specific)
installed all sorts of KDE apps I didn't intend to install (though I liked Dolphin)
changed my splash screen to that of Kubuntu
changed unity's sub-menu colour when I set up a new theme in KDE

I tried to fix these issues but when no method worked, I ended with formatting and doing a new ubuntu install.

Is there a way to install KDE without these issues?

Is there a way? No, not really. We can, however, lessen the pain.  Screenshots would also help with problems 1 and 4. If you're planning on using KDE regularly it is probably worth letting it do what it wants.

This can usually be fixed by removing any .gtkrc or .gtkrc-2.0 files in your home folder and logging out and logging back in.
Don't install the recommends and suggests. Run:

sudo apt-get install kubuntu-desktop

See all that stuff it wants to install? On my Trusty install it said:

0 upgraded, 408 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 190 MB of archives.
After this operation, 662 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Ouch! That's a lot! Instead use:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends --no-install-suggests kubuntu-desktop

That lowers things down to:

0 upgraded, 204 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 110 MB of archives.
After this operation, 358 MB of additional disk space will be used.

Much more reasonable.  Granted, those recommended and suggested packages are there for a reason, you might find a few quirks, but everything in general should work in general.
That would be the plymouth-theme-kubuntu-logo and plymouth-theme-kubuntu-text packages.

Either remove them, (with apt, etc) or run:

sudo update-alternatives --config default.plymouth

and pick the one you want to use.
Again, screenshots would help. Probably depends some on the theme too. Making sure your Unity theme is set to Ambiance and doing step 1. should help some.

changed unity's sub-menu colour when I set up a new theme in KDE
--> Solution: remove in the $HOME directory the .kde, .gconf and .config directories, logout and login again.

All ubuntu configuration will be restored to the default when reating a new user.


How to change Gnome-Terminal title? I have several instances of terminals running in my working environment, what I would like is to set a specific title for each one, in order to have a clear idea what purpose the specific terminal serves i.e. Apache, editing_ini, postgres etc...

Of course from the command line.

Alternatives:

There are other ways however, you can also issue

gnome-terminal --title="SOME TITLE HERE"

This might not give the desired effect since there is a big chance that your .bashrc overwrites that behaviour.
Bringing us to the last method, which I shamelessly ripped out of my .bashrc.

PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;SOME TITLE HERE\007"'

As an extra reference, this is the particular line in my .bashrc

PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033]0;${USER}@${HOSTNAME}: ${PWD/$HOME/~}\007"'

You may also need to comment this code out in your ~/.bashrc

case "$TERM" in
xterm*|rxvt*)
    # JEFFYEE REMOVED because it makes commands to title() not work
    #PS1="\[\e]0;${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h: \w\a\]$PS1"
    ;;
*)
    ;;
esac

In case any poor souls like myself are forced to use tcsh, try something like this in your .cshrc:

set prompt='%{\033]0;%n@%m\007%}%~%# '

Source and more details: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Xterm-Title-4.html


47 GB of 64 GB Ram full after new install after a fresh installation Ubuntu 16.04 Server no programs installed it shows that a lot of ram is used:

          total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available
Mem:      64392        44549        2650        3045       17192       16130

Swap:         10239           0       10239

Result of sudo apt-get install htop -y:

(Click image to enlarge)

Results of df:

Filesystem   1K-blocks    Used     Available    Use%     Mounted on
/dev/md2     245760000    2551808  243208192    1%       /
none         492          0        492          0%       /dev
cgroup_root  10240        0        10240        0%       /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs        32968876     0        32968876     0%       /dev/shm
tmpfs        32968876     8276     32960600     1%       /run
tmpfs        5120         0        5120         0%       /run/lock

Results of sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get upgrade and reboot:

Trigger for initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.5) werden verarbeitet ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.16.0-4-amd64
WARNING: missing /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64
Ensure all necessary drivers are built into the linux image!
depmod: ERROR: could not open directory /lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64: No such file or directory
depmod: FATAL: could not search modules: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_wJ8Kyu/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/modules.order: No such file or directory
depmod: WARNING: could not open /var/tmp/mkinitramfs_wJ8Kyu/lib/modules/3.16.0-4-amd64/modules.builtin: No such file or directory

And after Reboot nothing changed.

I don't have seen this on any other servers I had.
I don't think its normal, so anyone have a idea?

Thanks

--edit--
Please post the contents of "/etc/fstab" - we may find the answer there...

It looks like you may have somehow loaded the SWAP file and tmpfs into main memory.
Try temporarily turning off the swap file "swapoff -a" and see if it drops by 10GB.


Chromium + Firefox - flash doesn't function w/Pepper. Environment:
toshiba chromebook with crouton ubuntu 12.04

Problem:
Flash doesn't function on Chromium.
Flash doesn't function on Firefox.
Sound muted in Ubnutu Desktop.

I'm going to order the following by month, to make the events more clear.

November 2014

fresh install ubuntu 12.04;
desktop sound icon has full bars (top right icon near the time and sys settings icon)
Firefox didn't work with flash.
Switched to chromium, flash worked. (flash should be packaged w/chromium)

December 2014

installed Eclipse & JRE 7 (couldn't do 8 on 12.04)
chromium flash ceased to function
sound on desktop is null (sound icon shows no bars, cannot adjust in preferences)
I followed this: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure
It FIXED the sound issue.

January 2015

I navigated to chrome://plugins -  no flash plugin listed
On youtube.com page had broken flash image.

steps taken:

Installed pepper as recommended on other sites, now flash pages (youtube) are 404 completely;
Uninstalled chromium, reinstall chromium, reinstall pepper
result == flash still doesn't function
sound on desktop is muted/disabled

Then I tried this solution from AskUbuntu , which unfortunately didn't help.

FIREFOX

with fresh install: youtube (flash) pages go grey then freeze. Results in "Adobe plug in error."

action: I attempted to install pepper.

result: "failed to load libpepflashplayer.so"

Help please!

I decided to try an install 14.04 again.
I tried upgrade, then fresh install via crouton.
Read a few snippets, found that 14.04 was not recommended for my chromebook.

Wiped and fresh install of 12.04  with chromium...sound works.
Even after adding JRE & Eclipse. (which may have been the problem with prior versions)

Thanks for the pointers for this n00b. Much appreciated.

Note that adobe does not develop flash player for Linux http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/ .

Thus, Your only way is to get pepper.

I suggest you getting it with Ubuntu package managers. This way updates will be installed automatically. As a side bonus, for software to get into official Ubuntu repository (kind off online directory from which software is downloaded) it must go through extensive testing, minimizing bugs.

Command line way:

Open terminal
Press ctrl+alt+T
Locate the package needed
Type sudo apt-cache search pepper | grep plugin
You will be prompted for your password. There will be no indication, that you are typing something. Just type it and press Enter
Command breakdown:

  sudo gives you administrative rights
  apt-cache search pepper searches for data about package having pepper in its name.
  | pass previous command output to next as argument
  grep plugin filter out all lines not having plugin

Download the package needed
Type sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree
The nonfree indication means that the code is not publicly available, ie, the software is only free as in free beer, not as in free speech.
Profit

Gui way (sorry, I'm too lazy to take pictures):

Open Launcher
Press super key, also known as Windows key.
Open Ubuntu Software Center
Typing Software and pressing Entershould be enough
Find the package
Type pepper and look for the package that seems the one you need
Click install button
Profit

Links for further reading:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_manager
http://www.linuceum.com/Desktop/linuxAppRepos.php
  Note that you should not add new repositories, unless you know what you are doing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Packaging_Tool


Comparing the contents of two directories I have two directories that should contain the same files and have the same directory structure.

I think that something is missing in one of these directories.

Using the bash shell, is there a way to compare my directories and see if one of them is missing files that are present in the other?

You can use the diff command just as you would use it for files:

diff <directory1> <directory2>

If you want to see subfolders and -files too, you can use the -r option:

diff -r <directory1> <directory2>

I'll add to this list a NodeJs alternative that I've written some time ago.

dir-compare

npm install dir-compare -g
dircompare dir1 dir2


Best flash player on ubuntu? When I encounter a flash video in ubuntu I get an option to install 3 different swf players:

Adobe
Swfdec
Gnash

Which is the most stable and preferred player?

Adobe Flash.

It might be slow but it's still the best of the lot still for feature compliance and stability.

It really depends on many factors. I have the best user experience with the Adobe version.

However if you are using a 64bit version of Ubuntu, it might be tricky to set up Adobe flash. There's a shell script that helps you in that process. Download it and use these commands in terminal:

wget http://queleimporta.com/downloads/flash10_en.sh
sudo bash ./flash10_en.sh

There are couple of updates and modifications to that script you can find it here.


How to create a .deb package from compiled source files? Question:

Mono 3.0 is out, but I found no ppa from where I could install it.

There is this one:
https://launchpad.net/~directhex/+ppa-packages

but it's mono 2.10.8.1-5.

I'm playing with ASP.NET MVC4, which is why I need the 3.0 release.

Now I can compile & install mono 3.0 myself.
How I do it, I tutorialized here:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1591370

My problem now is, for every new ubuntu installation I have/want to make (server, laptop, desktop, renewed installation when HD breakes) I need to go through this lengthy procedure again.

So I want to compile it once, and then upload it to a PPA, so that I (and everybody else) don't need to install it from source again.

Now the question:
The entire build process needs configure run with options, post-configure makefile fixes, post-configure sourcecode fixes, etc.

Is there an easy way I can create .deb packages from the already compiled files ?

So that in the installation script, I only need to write several times:

cd package_directory_1/
make install
cd package_directory_2/
make install
cd package_directory_3/
make install

etc.

?

checkinstall, as per tip from Tachyons

apt-get install checkinstall

checkinstall -D make install

See here for further information:
http://www.falkotimme.com/howtos/checkinstall/

Did you try:

make package

It will not install anything but create a package.

JM


What does /dev/sda3: clean mean on boot? After upgrading from 14.04 to 16.04, on boot it shows

/dev/sda3: clean, 291272/4292608 files, 480345/18174432 blocks

which makes Ubuntu take some time to load

This is the output of a filesystem check at boot for the /dev/sda3 partition. fsck (actually probably e2fsck if it's an ext4 filesystem, which is the default for modern Ubuntu installations) is the program which carries out the checks. This is set to happen after a configurable number of reboots, or after a certain time period. It can also be triggered if you had to switch your computer off without properly shutting down, such as if you had to shut down by holding the power button in.

The piece of information that is most relevant is the word 'clean', which indicates that everything's in working order. So there's nothing to worry about.

The files and blocks part of the output show how many of the available files and blocks are in use. The files part actually applies to inodes, which are the underlying filesystem location for a file. So you're using 291272 out of the 4292608 available files spaces, and 480345 of the available 18174432 blocks on that partition.

The filesystem check will slow down your boot time, but shouldn't happen on every boot. There's also normally an option to press C to quit the check.

The boot times of the newer distros only seem to be increasing.
Graph of boot time increase.

The information it shows is usually something you'd see in ubuntu server. Its just displaying what its currently doing while your system is loading. The slower boot times seems to be the new trend with the newer releases :D


ubuntu 14.04.4 with kernel 4.2: black screen instead of the login screen after installing nvidia driver I am new to ubuntu and I want to install cuda 7.5 on my computer, but I met problems when I tried to install nvidia driver. I have tried many times and many methods, all failed.
For example, I tried:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361

But I got a black screen instead of the login screen. I have tried all possible drivers, but none worked. The nvidia driver on my dual graphics laptop is GeForce 840M, and my system  is:

ubuntu 14.04.4 with linux kernel 4.2.0-30-generic.

To get into system, I have to run sudo prime-select intel, then I run the following commands after reboot:

When I run lspci -knn | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'in termal, the information is:

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0416] (rev 06)
  Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:5040]
  Kernel driver in use: i915

01:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation GM108M [GeForce 840M [10de:1341] (rev ff)
03:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5227 PCI Express Card Reader [10ec:5227] (rev 01)
  Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:5028]

I had the same issue.
Create file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/20-intel.conf with next content:

Section "Device"
 Identifier "Card0"
 Driver "Intel"
 Option "AccelMethod" "uxa"
EndSection

This solution helped me and I hope this will help you

Try disabling uefi and use legacy bios if possible and then install ubuntu. The installer for ubuntu 16.04 tells that propriatary drivers might have problems with uefi and using legacy bios fixed the black screen problem for me with nvidia drivers on a dual graphics laptop.


Is this normal? Ubuntu 14.04 Gnome 3.9.90? I just finished installing Ubuntu 14.04 and Gnome Shell sudo apt-get install gnome-shell ubuntu-gnome-desktop, however when I checked what version has been installed I read 3.9.90: is this correct?

Isn't Ubuntu 14.04 supposed to ship with gnome 3.10 at least? What am I missing?

The package gnome-session being 3.9.90 is still GNOME 3.10. It is simply a release or two before the final 3.10 upstream release, which almost certainly had no changes from the 3.9.90 release. GNOME is comprised of many upstream source packages, and their versions may not always be exactly the same, even for a particular release of GNOME itself, in the same way that every package in Ubuntu 14.04 is not versioned as 14.04.

So yes, it is normal, and yes, Ubuntu 14.04 does include GNOME 3.10.

Looks like its just a minor issue. Take a look in here and here.


Why I can't open mysql 5.6.10 from terminal on Ubuntu 12.10? I've always used Ubuntu to host my servers and I wanted to try the new MySQL version. So I downloaded MySQL 5.6.10 (.deb) from their official site and installed it like this:

Tutorial for MySQL install

And everything worked nicely, except from when I was going to log in. I got this error:

root@person-ubuntu:/opt/mysql/server-5.6# mysql -u root -p
The program 'mysql' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.5

But if I run:

root@person-ubuntu:~# /etc/init.d/mysql.server status

I get the following output:

 * MySQL running (14429)

So can anyone help me out here?

I don't know exactly what step of that guide is wrong (or is missing), but you didn't installed the package to open the mysql console from a terminal.

To work with MySQL from a terminal, you have to install the Client package. As stated in your output, you can install it entering this command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-client-core-5.5

A great guide, well written, step by step and with very useful information is the Ubuntu community LAMP guide. If you will install one component or all the packages, that guide will be really useful.

Please do not install mysql-client-core-5.5 from the ubuntu repos into your 5.6 installation because it will most likely break it. The DEBs contain server and client. I suppose it is just a PATH problem.

Look at your PATH variable and locate your mysql binaries. If the bin directory of your MySQL installation is not in your PATH create a short shell script in /etc/profile.d which appends the MySQL binary directory to the Path and exports it. Afterwards log out and in again.


Can I skip over releases when upgrading? I am currently using Ubuntu 10.04. I know there is a 10.10 release, but can I upgrade directly to 11.04? Could you walk me through the steps please?

Ubuntu only supports upgrading from one version to the next version, or from one LTS version to the next LTS version. So you need to upgrade from 10.04 to 10.10, and only then to 11.04.

There are technical reasons for this restriction. When a new version of an existing package is installed it sometimes has to perform conversions, e.g., it may have to import existing settings into a new database format. In performing such conversions the packaging scripts have to make assumptions about the old format. If upgrades from all previous versions of Ubuntu were supported then this would quickly become a maintenance nightmare, as packaging scripts would have to be able to convert from all previously used formats to the current format. To avoid the nightmare, packaging scripts only in general support upgrading from the version of the package included in the previous Ubuntu release (and from the previous LTS release, in the case of a package included in an LTS release).

Upgrading directly from the penultimate, or earlier, version to the current version (called a "skip upgrade) is possible, but is liable to result in a misconfigured system.

Open a terminal, run sudo update-manager -d and you're off!


Keyboard doesn't work with Tor Browser I use the actual Tor Browser 2.3.25-14 and Ubuntu 13.10 (Saucy Salamander). I start Tor in the command-line window (./start-tor-browser).

The cable less keyboard and mouse (Logitech) are working, the Vidalia control panel opens, after having connected to the Tor network, the Tor Browser window (Firefox) opens automatically. The onion is green, everything ok. But the keyboard doesn't work in the Tor Browser window, the mouse, yes, does work.

When I close Tor with the Vidalia control panel and open another application, the keyboard works again. Is there somebody who can help me or at least understands the problem? Thanks a lot!

You don't need to remove ibus, as this answer says, since you may need it! The correct solution is very simple and consists in:

Open start-tor-browser script file from inside the Tor package with your favorite editor. I use gedit for shell scripts, so, in terminal, you can use the following command:

gedit /path/to/start-tor-browser

Add the following line on the second line (immediately after the line containing shebang interpreter directive - #!/bin/sh):

export GTK_IM_MODULE="xim"

The above line change the default value (ibus - Intelligent Input Bus, an input method framework for multilingual input) for GTK_IM_MODULE environment variable (which specifies an input method module to use) to xim (X Input Method).
Of course, save the file and close it.
Close Tor and reopen it.

That's all (until this bug will be  fixed properly)!

This bug is fixed in TOR forum: #9353 (Keyboard does not work in 64-bit TBB 2.3.25-10 and 3.0 when ibus is running)
     – Tor Bug Tracker & Wiki

Just need to remove the ibus package (it provides an input interface for complex writing languages). I hope you don't need it.

sudo apt-get remove ibus

And then restart your display manager

sudo service lightdm restart


Distribution upgrade problem "No new release found" I'm using Ubuntu 11.04. The update manager once found the new release 'oneiric', and still shows up this screen when I log on use ssh:

Welcome to Ubuntu 11.04 (GNU/Linux 2.6.38-14-generic x86_64)

 * Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

0 packages can be updated.
0 updates are security updates.

New release 'oneiric' available.
Run 'do-release-upgrade' to upgrade to it.

Last login: Wed Apr 25 16:22:48 2012 from ***

But I didn't upgrade then, and change my apt sources. And now I cannot upgrade to 'oneiric'. do-relase-upgrade shows:

$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new ubuntu release
No new release found
$

And apt-get dist-upgrade shows:

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
$

I can successfully update all my packages.

File contents of source.list:

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list
## See sources.list(5) for more information, especialy
# Remember that you can only use http, ftp or file URIs

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty main universe restricted multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty main universe restricted multiverse
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-backports universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ natty-backports universe main multiverse restricted

# deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse
# deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid main universe restricted multiverse
# deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted
# deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid-security universe main multiverse restricted
# deb http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted
# deb-src http://ubuntu.dormforce.net/ubuntu/ lucid-updates universe main multiverse restricted

# CDROMs are managed through the apt-cdrom tool.
# deb http://archive.canonical.com lucid partner
# deb http://archive.canonical.com lucid-security partner
# deb http://archive.canonical.com lucid-updates partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com lucid partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com lucid-security partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com lucid-updates partner

#medibuntu repo
# deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free
# deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ lucid free non-free

# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu maverick main #Third party developers repository
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty main restricted multiverse universe
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty main universe restricted multiverse #Added by software-properties
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb-src http://mirrors.sohu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates universe main multiverse restricted

File contents of /etc/update-manager/meta-release:

$ cat /etc/update-manager/meta-release
# default location for the meta-release file

[METARELEASE]
URI = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release
URI_LTS = http://changelogs.ubuntu.com/meta-release-lts
URI_UNSTABLE_POSTFIX = -development
URI_PROPOSED_POSTFIX = -proposed

What may be the problem of this?

Check /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

Prompt=lts

will cause upgrade to fail if the release you are currently on is not an LTS one.

Solution:

Change Prompt=lts to Prompt=normal and save the changes

Do the required upgrades until you have installed a LTS release.

Then change back to Prompt=lts

Done.

It's possible to happen if you are using do-release-upgrade under socks client (proxychains or tsocks command). Your socks server or socks client does not support DNS lookup. Workaround for this is adding host entries to /etc/hosts file while distribution upgrade:

91.189.88.17    old-releases.ubuntu.com
91.189.92.201   archive.ubuntu.com
91.189.91.15    security.ubuntu.com
91.189.95.36    changelogs.ubuntu.com


Unable to install Xubuntu 16.04: "not a typewriter" I've been trying to install Xubuntu 16.04 i386 on a netbook with an Intel Atom N270 2GB Ram and 250 GB HDD using a USB stick.
Currently I'm using ElementaryOS, which I installed without problems, but now I'm trying with Xubuntu and I get the following after getting the Xubuntu screen at the start:

stdin: not a typewriter
Generating locales (this might take a while...)
Generation complete
pwconv: failed to change the mode of /etc/passwd- to 0600
chfn: PAM: Authentication failure
adduser '/usr/bin/chfn -f Live session user xubuntu' returned error code 1. Exiting
Using CD-ROM mount point /cdrom/
Identifying... [e4c48fb5262dbf5a174c170d397f5c6a-2]
Scanning disc for index files...
Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes
Found label 'Xubuntu 16.04.1 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release i386 (20160719)
Copying package lists... gpgv: Signature made Tue Jul 19 21:13:51 2016 UTC using DSA key ID FBB75451
 gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key <cdimage@ubuntu.com>"
Reading package indexes... Done
Writing new source list
 Source list entries for disc are:
deb cdrom: [Xubuntu 16.04.1 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release i386 (20160719)]/ xenial main multiverse restricted universe
Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set

I've created the live USB with unetbootin and startup disk creator, changed USB sticks and I'm still getting the same message. Any thoughts?

Well, looks like I finally fixed it. Instead of 16.04 iso I downloaded 14.04 and it worked. The live usb started perfectly and I installed xubuntu successfully.


unable to boot to windows 10 after installing Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS I installed Ubuntu along side windows 10. When I boot, it loads grub page and I can continue to boot Ubuntu. But if I choose windows boot manager on the grub page to load Windows, I get following error:

initially I could not figure a way to boot to windows, I clean installed Windows 10, cleaned Ubuntu partition and installed Ubuntu again. However, I still get same message. I noticed that I could boot to windows through BIOS boot media selector (Enter then F12 on my laptop) but not through grub.

Is there an easy fix for it?

Device: Lenovo Carbon X1
Windows: Win 10
Ubuntu: 14.04.3 LTS

Try going into system setup and there windows boot manager.I got it by doing that but unable to find it in the intitial grub


phpStorm losing keyboard input Every now and again phpStorm will lose input from my keyboard. I can still click around, but it will not register any keys. Other windows are fine. It takes a phpStorm restart to bring them back. It seems to happen most when I Control+Tab between open tabs

I am running:
Ubuntu 13.10
phpStorm 7.1
JRE 1.7.0_51

You should look at this bug here:
http://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/IDEA-79312

It's exactly your issue, and it has a potential workaround:

sudo ibus restart

Hope that helps!

ibus restart && sleep 1 && ibus engine xkb:se::swe

worked for me


How do I modify or disable the HUD's use of the Alt key? A number of games, Emacs, and the terminal make extensive use of the Alt key. Can Unity be configured to respect this key, rather than launching the HUD with it?

Open the System Settings application either by going to Session Indicator in Unity panel, or by searching for System Settings using the HUD.

Then go to Keyboard > Shortcuts > Launchers.  You can redefine the HUD key with the Key to show the HUD option. Pressing Backspace will disable the HUD shortcut altogether.

If you set it to Alt manually, the setting distinguishes between the left and right Alt key.  So if you want to maintain general behaviour and still use Alt combinations, this may be an alternate solution for you.

Ubuntu 14.04.1: Opening an Emacs Session in which Typing Alt doesn't Open the HUD.

In the Desktop environment, type Ctrl+Alt+F1 to enter a terminal screen.
Enter your username and password as prompted.
At the command prompt, open an Emacs session by typing emacs.
Now, using Alt as Meta won't open the HUD.
Return to the Desktop at any time by typing Alt+F7.

Source: An Introduction to the Command Line_ (p.12) on the FLOSS Manuals page.


How to remove snap completely without losing the Chromium browser? I am wondering whether or not there is a way to completely remove snap from Ubuntu 19.10 without losing the ability to install important applications like Chromium.

When I just recently updated to the newest Ubuntu release I realized that the installer programmatically reinstalled snap, although I had manually removed it before. Additionally the installer removed Chromium, which was installed via the repositories, and reinstalled it via snap.

As I don't want snap to be installed on my machines for various reasons my question is if anybody knows a safe way to remove it, and to get the Chromium DEB back to the sources?

Is there a PPA? Could I use a source of an Ubuntu flavor additionally, which didn't remove the Chromium Deb from its sources?

Debian Repo Saves the Day!
Debian still maintains Chromium as a regular package in their APT repository. We can configure Ubuntu to get it from there, and continue to receive timely security updates along with all of our other OS updates. This makes sense from a security perspective, since Debian is where Ubuntu already gets most of its packages, and is a very well known high-profile project. There is no need to risk installing software from some random source or telling your system to trust a PPA.
Obligatory Warning: This is entirely unsupported and could conceivably cause problems either immediately or in the future. If you break something, it's your own fault.
Here's what I did on Ubuntu 19.10:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade

That brings all my already-installed Ubuntu packages up to date, so it will be easier to see how upgrades are affected after I make my changes.
snap remove chromium

Bye bye, annoying snap.
sudo apt purge chromium-browser chromium-chromedriver

Bye bye, fake Chromium packages. (You can leave out the chromium-chromedriver part if that package isn't installed on your system.)
umask 22

That just makes sure that the files I create will be readable by everyone, including the system.
Create an /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian-stable.list file containing:
deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main

deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stable/updates main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian-security/ stable/updates main

deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates main
deb-src [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg] http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates main

That tells apt to look for packages not only in the Ubuntu archives, but also in the Debian stable archives. This is ordinarily a bad idea, because you don't want hundreds of random Ubuntu packages being replaced with Debian versions, which would very likely break your system. However, we're going to add some rules to avoid this problem.
Note: The /usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-keyring.gpg file referenced above, along with several other Debian keyring files, are already present on my Ubuntu system thanks to the debian-archive-keyring package. It may already be on your system, too, but if not, you should install it: sudo apt install debian-archive-keyring
Create an /etc/apt/preferences.d/debian-chromium file containing:
Explanation: Allow installing chromium from the debian repo.
Package: chromium*
Pin: origin "*.debian.org"
Pin-Priority: 100

Explanation: Avoid other packages from the debian repo.
Package: *
Pin: origin "*.debian.org"
Pin-Priority: 1

The first stanza assigns a below-normal priority to Debian Chromium packages; just high enough to allow them to be manually installed and automatically updated, but not high enough to be preferred over Ubuntu packages. This is called apt pinning, and is described in the apt_preferences manual. The second stanza assigns a very low priority to all other Debian packages, so they will only be automatically installed or updated if necessary to satisfy a dependency.
(I suppose I could have assigned a much higher priority to Debian's Chromium packages if I needed them to override Ubuntu's, but since they use different package names, no overriding is necessary. I could also have pinned all of the Debian repo at priority 100; that would make any Debian-only dependencies eligible for automatic updates, effectively treating the Debian repo like Ubuntu Backports in manual install mode. I chose the more conservative approach just to be cautious.)
sudo apt update

That refreshes the package database, so my Ubuntu system now knows about everything in the Debian archives that I added.
apt upgrade --simulate

That shows me what a system-wide package upgrade would do, without actually doing it. Since I already did an upgrade before making any changes, I don't expect to see any upgradable packages listed here.
If one or two upgradable packages were listed, it could mean that Ubuntu happened to release some updates while I was working, which is normal. I would ask apt where each of those updates come from before proceeding, with apt policy package-name. If any of them were from the Debian archives, I would consider reverting my changes, by removing the files I created and running sudo apt update again.
If many upgradable packages were listed, it would probably mean that apt now thinks Debian's packages are valid replacements for Ubuntu's packages, which I do not want. This would happen if I made a mistake in those files I created. I would revert my changes, by removing the files I created and running sudo apt update again. I might then consider starting over and typing more carefully.
All was well at this point (no upgradable packages were listed), so I proceeded.
sudo apt install chromium

The package manager then asked me to confirm, listing chromium and a small handful of dependency packages needed by Chromium. Once again, if many packages were listed here, I would investigate and consider reverting my changes. (I investigated each dependency anyway, because I'm careful, and found that only one of the dependencies was coming from the Debian archive: libjpeg62-turbo, and it doesn't conflict with anything I have installed.) All looked well, so I told the package manager to proceed.
When it finished, Chromium was finally installed as an apt package. Thanks, Debian maintainers!
I don't use any snaps, so the next thing I did was to look in the snap directory in my home dir, make sure there was nothing in there that I needed, and then drop it in the trash. If you want to do the same, consider first that any user data that you created/modified/saved in Chromium since the snap was first installed lives somewhere under that snap folder. (Probably under snap/chromium/current/.config which is hidden by default in most file managers.) You might want to back it up or move it to chromium's usual data directory: $HOME/.config/chromium. In my case, the Chromium data that I wanted to keep was still in its old/usual place, since I had only used the snap for about five minutes.
That's it. I hope it helps someone. If it damages your system, steals your bike, runs off with your boyfriend, or does something else that you don't like, then I'm sorry, but it's still your own responsibility.
Good luck!

You can use APT to add the repository for Chromium. Then you won't need snapd at all.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-team/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt install chromium


How do I obtain and install larger mouse pointers - I am slightly visually impaired I am totally new to Ubuntu. Just this morning (Wed May 22, 2013) I installed Ubuntu 12.04.2 64-bit desktop on my 2.5 year old laptop along side Windows 7. One of the reasons I installed Ubuntu was to explore and employ the Universal Access options - I have some vision impairment. So far so good. However I need larger mouse pointers. The default is microscopically small, to me, and I have searched and searched Ask Ubuntu, The Software Center, etc. for a way to get a larger mouse pointer (this is very easy in Windows 7). As a new user I would prefer to avoid command lines and configuration editors and do a simple install, as I would in Windows 7.

How do I obtain and install a set of larger mouse pointers?

Thank you very much for your attention to this question.

and when I try "For GNOME classic and Unity desktop the option to change the mouse pointer size or style is found in System Settings -> Appearance -> Theme -> Customize -> Pointer:" there is NO 'customize.' There are only 4 themes to choose from.

I have looked at the "Questions that might already have your answer" and, come on, Ubuntu says it is easy for the disabled but following all these "nightmarish" procedures by a visually impaired person is a bit much to ask.

Sorry if I am coming across as lazy or stupid but after a while staring at these screens my eyes give out altogether ...

If you prefer GUI you can use unity-tweak-tool.

How to:

Open Ubuntu Software Center, search for unity-tweak-tool and install it.

Open unity-tweak-tool. Under Appearance, click on Cursor:

Under Preferences enable ☑ Use large cursors:

Logout and log back in.

Custom Cursor Themes:

If you don't like the default cursors you can download a nice, large cursor theme from here.

Extract the downloaded archive to .icons directory in your home, create .icons directory if it doesn't already exist.

Open unity-tweak-too and go to cursor settings as described earlier and select Large mouse cursors:

Logout and log back in.

as in answer 1, Type CTRL F (find) and in the search box (Bottom Left) type in Cursor and hit Enter.

Cursor size is the fourth option from the top. 24 is normal, increase it to any size you want, (try 54) it works instantly.

For some reason, for me, this only increases the size of the cursor on some applications, but it may help


Ubuntu 12.4 not listed while in boot menu I am using Dell Inspiron 17R with Windows7 as the primary OS to boot my system up.
I am new to Linux and to begin with, I thought of installing Ubuntu 12.4 AMD 64 bit version on my laptop.

Today I performed a successful installation on my laptop but when I reboot, it doesn't show me the Ubuntu OS in the list (I can only see Windows7). Is there any way to bring up the Ubuntu entry into this list?

While installing I selected the option to have both Windows7 and Ubuntu OS on my laptop. The root drive for both OS is C: drive. Hence I split the drive into two (250 GB for Windows7 and 250 GB for Ubuntu). Now I can only see 250GB in my C:\ drive for Windows7. Is the remaining 250GB assigned to Ubuntu or did I lose that 250GB space??

Your answers will be highly appreciated..

It sounds like something went wrong with the configuration of your boot loader and that should be fairly easy to fix. I'd suggest you boot from the live CD and install and run boot-repair to try fixing the issue. You can find installation instructions and a guide to using boot repair here.

If that doesn't do it, I'd suggest you post the URL boot-repair gives you here, so we can further analyse the problem. Good luck!

I am installing Ubuntu 12.04 right now. I guess your problem lies in the "intall ubuntu along side Windows 7" step. Here i suggest you 2 solutions that might be helpful:

Go back to windows 7, and download a software named something like EasyBSD, which enables you to configure the boot menu and the order of OS.
If Solution 1 fails, then reinstall ubuntu. This time try to install Ubuntu with the option"Install Ubuntu somewhere else" instead of along side with Windows.