How can I change the icon in Thunderbird's "New Mail" popup? When I recieve new mails in Thunderbird a popup-message tells me about that. Does anyone know where this icon is stored and how it is named? I want to change it that it fits the Faenza-theme.

I use Thunderbird 10.0.2 with following addons (all preinstalled):

EDS Contact Integration 0.3.9
Global Menu Bar integration 2.0.2
Messaging Menu and Unity Launcher integration 0.8.3

Update:

The Addons don't have any influence on the icon - I checked this by disabling them.

I downloaded the source code and scanned it for the icon. I found it as comm-release/mail/themes/gnomestripe/mail/icons/new-mail-alert.png:

Since I couldn't find this file (I searched for the name) on my PC I guess it is somehow built into Thunderbird and protected against changes. Or should there be an easy solution (not to built your own deb-file)?

(In the same manner I'd like to change downloadIcon.png in Firefox: )

The icon is located under compressed file named omni.ja.You can find it under /usr/lib/thunderbird or /usr/lib/thunderbird{version}.

Open terminal.

Type sudo sudo file-roller /usr/lib/thunderbird/omni.ja  # replace the path according to your path.

Navigate to /chrome/classic/skin/classic/messenger/icons. Replace the new-mail-alert icon with whatever you want to.

First copy the faenza icon (default size 32x32) to your desktop.

Rename it to new-mail-alert.png.

Then just drag the icon over Archieve manager window. It will automatically overwrite the icon.

Restart thunderbird.

DONE!

For Firefox you can also find the omni.ja file located under /usr/lib/firefox.Navigate to /chrome/toolkit/skin/classic/mozapps/downloads & replace the 'downloadicon.png' file.

Note: This is weird, because on my computer( running Thinderbird 13 with ubuntu natty & precise) thunderbird uses system theme icons. So you may want to upgrade thunderbird to the latest stable version.

The icon was independent from the icons installed, so I think that it comes with thunderbird or with the plugin for the notify-osd. This is a way to start the searching for it, but I haven't find it.


Eclipse Kepler crashes on Ubuntu 14.04 when using WindowBuilder I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 and with a lot of problems I have to face daily with this OS, there is another recent one.

Problem: Whenever I try to use Eclipse's WindowBuilder to design SWING GUIs, after a few clicks/tasks on window canvas, Eclipse suddenly hangs up, I have to force quit Eclipse. I restart eclipse and all my previous progress is lost (obviously).

Setup:

Java JDK = JavaSE7 x64 - Oracle Java (not Open JDK - well both JDKs cause
same problem)
Eclipse Kepler 4.3.2 (JEE Edition) x64
Ubuntu 14.04 Desktop (installed with LiveUSB)
HP dv6 - OS installed on SSD

Kindly help me out here. I was creating a GUI based project on windows, and Eclipse+Windowbuilder works like a charm there. [I don't want to go back to Windows.. screams....]

For any kind of logs required, please do tell me.

Use the oracle java8 (or version.x) installer.  It fixed all of my problems and was easy.
http://www.webupd8.org/2014/03/how-to-install-oracle-java-8-in-debian.html

This is a general problem with Kepler on 14.04. If you look at crash reports, it is open-jdk that is actually crashes. I experience the same problem with PDT.

UPDATE:

Now i actually found a workaround (not a solution):

To get your Eclipse running stable on Ubuntu 14.04 you will have to use 32-Bit Version of JRE! (Oracle or OpenJDK whatever you prefer)

WHAT TO DO

install x86 openjdk

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk:i386

then switch between jre you currently have (choose java-7-openjdk-i386)

sudo update-alternatives --config java

obtain 32-Bit Version of Eclipse

https://www.eclipse.org/downloads/

Endnote

Currently im running Eclipse Luna (with a lot of plugins!) on Ubuntu 14.04 with openjdk7-i386 and since 1 Week i had not a single Crash! Actually i am SAD because Eclipse cannot use all 32 GB of my RAM >:( It means for me if Oracle maintains java they messed up alot.


windows change of workspace themselves I'm in Ubuntu 13.04 64 bits and I've noticed that my windows change of workspace themselves, that's very annoying and I want to fix it.

I couldn't say when it changes exactly. But I've noticed that they changes when I press Alt+Tab to change the window, suddenly, my window has changed of workspace!!
It specially happen when the window to I switch with alt+tab if it was moved in the screen by me, above all if it was moved near to the edges of the screen.

It has happened from the beginning of my installation of Ubuntu and I've found anyway of fix it in compizConfig neither ubuntu tweaky tool.

I'm not sure how you're getting the windows into different workspaces in the first place, but if you want to put them back, Ctrl-Alt-Shift-Arrow will allow you to move them between workspaces.

For a more permanent solution, if you don't want to use workspaces at all, you can use the compizconfig-settings-manager to disable them. Open the settings manager, select the General Options then Desktop Size tab. Set the horizontal and vertical size to 1 and you will no longer have multiple workspaces.


/var/log/syslog empty Apparently my logs stopped working around Apr 10, as the current /var/log/syslog is empty, and /var/log/syslog.1 has the following for its last entries:

Apr 10 20:25:01 li243-206 CRON[2883]: (root) CMD (command -v debian-sa1 > /dev/null && debian-sa1 1 1)
Apr 10 20:27:16 li243-206 kernel: Kernel logging (proc) stopped.
Apr 10 20:27:16 li243-206 rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.6" x-pid="2320" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] exiting on signal 15.

I tried writing to it with logger "hello world", but nothing show up. rsyslog is indeed running, if I check with ps.

So I found this similar question, which led me to discover that /dev/xconsole was missing. I created it, rebooted, but still no joy.

How can I get syslog to work?

I got it to work by changing ownership from messagebus.adm to syslog.adm, and then restarting rsyslog.

Kind of disturbing that this broke silently. Given this experience I am not terribly confident that the other log files are owned properly.  Here's what I have currently:

-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 May  1 06:31 alternatives.log
drwxr-x--- 2 root       adm       4096 Jun  9 06:46 apache2
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Jun  1 06:48 apt
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 auth.log
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm          0 Oct 22  2012 boot
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 Oct 22  2012 boot.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root         0 Oct 22  2012 bootstrap.log
-rw-rw---- 1 root       utmp      2688 Jun  6 10:31 btmp
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 ConsoleKit
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 16  2012 dist-upgrade
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm      11669 Jun  6 13:16 dmesg
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root     24494 Jun  6 11:30 dpkg.log
-rw-r----- 1 root       adm        117 Jun  9 06:46 fail2ban.log
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root     24024 Apr 11 10:36 faillog
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root      1202 Apr 10 19:13 fontconfig.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 fsck
drwxr-xr-x 3 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 installer
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 kern.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 syslog     root      4096 Oct 18  2012 landscape
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root       utmp    292292 Jun  9 10:38 lastlog
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 mail.err
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 mail.log
drwxr-s--- 2 mysql      adm       4096 Jun  9 06:46 mysql
-rw-r----- 1 mysql      adm          0 Apr 29 07:48 mysql.err
-rw-r----- 1 mysql      adm          0 Jun  9 06:46 mysql.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Oct 18  2012 news
drwxr-xr-x 2 ntp        ntp       4096 Aug 20  2012 ntpstats
drwxr-xr-x 2 nobody     nogroup   4096 Apr 10 23:00 passenger-analytics
-rw-r----- 1 syslog     adm       3538 Jun  9 11:10 syslog
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 May 24  2012 sysstat
-rw-r--r-- 1 root       root    285653 Jun  6 13:15 udev
-rw-r----- 1 messagebus adm          0 Oct 22  2012 ufw.log
drwxr-xr-x 2 root       root      4096 Jun  8 06:29 upstart
-rw-rw-r-- 1 root       utmp     44928 Jun  9 10:38 wtmp

Does this look correct?

Edit: related discussion here.

same problem here /var/log/syslog empty (Ubuntu 14.04.5 LTS)
What worked for me was changing the rights to 777 and testing thus :

chmod 777 syslog
logger "hello world"

and you can follow it working with :

tail -f /var/log/syslog


Install Ubuntu on a separate hard-drive in dualboot I am trying to install Ubuntu 12.10 on a hard-drive that is separate from the one Windows 7 is on. I have two drives in my computer and the second is unused and blank.

However, when I go to install Ubuntu and select the Something Else option, I get kind of paranoid. Last time I did this, it wiped my Windows drive and still installed in the second drive. I do now want a repeat of that.

If someone could give me instructions on dual booting Ubuntu with Windows 7 using two hard-drives that would be great.

You have to select the correct hard drive. Windows is almost certainly on sda and you will want to install on sdb. Install grub into the first hard drive.

If you do not know which drive has windows, use gparted.

You can use BIOS to select other HDD as primary, then install Ubuntu on it. Then from BIOS you can easily switch in between HDDs and boot into Windows or linux


What version Ubuntu should I download i will mostly be using ubuntu for afking multiple games, so my question is, should I get 14.04 or 15.10?

Well, if you are going to be using it for developing or "special" things, go with 14.04. If you want all the new features or speed (particularly for playing games or other) you should get 15.10.


What's the easiest way to install Drupal locally? Many of the Drupal distributions I've seen are made for earlier versions of Ubuntu: drubuntu only works in 10.10; the Acquia .debs are for <10.x, and I've been told the versions in the repos are out-of-date. What's the easiest way to set up a local testing server for Drupal?

Drupal is a free and open-source content-management system, and it’s surprisingly flexible. You can use it for everything from a small blog to a major business or government site.  It's a mildly tricky setup, since you basically have to build a LAMP server from scratch, but here’s a step-by-step guide on how to do it.

First, install Ubuntu into your machine of choice. Once Ubuntu is installed and updated, you will need to install and configure four pieces of software to create a LAMP server to support Drupal: the Apache web server, the MySQL database server, PHP , and the MySQL module for PHP.

Begin with the Apache web server. To install Apache, open up a Terminal window (Applications, Accessories, Terminal), and type the following command (note that all Terminal commands are case-sensitive):

sudo apt-get install apache2

Follow the prompts to install Apache. Once the installation is finished, you can test that Apache is working by opening up Firefox and navigating to http://localhost. If you see the “it works!” web page, you have Apache up and running.

Next, you’ll need to install MySQL. Return to the Terminal and type this command:

sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.6

During the installation you be will asked to provide a root password for MySQL. Be sure to pick a strong password (a combination of lowercase, punctuation, and uppercase letters), since the root user has full access to all tables on all databases. For obvious reasons, you’ll want to remember this password, not least because we need it again in the following steps. MySQL is a big package, and depending on your connection and computer speed, it might take a while to install.

Next, install PHP version 5:

sudo apt-get install php5

Then install the MySQL module for PHP:

sudo apt-get install php5-mysql

Install gd module for PHP:

sudo apt-get install php5-gd

Finally, download the Drupal software to your Downloads folder. You can obtain it from here on the drupal.org site.

Now that we’ve got our software installed and downloaded, we’ll need to configure it.

First, you’ll probably need to add a line to your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf file.  I’ve read differing things about this, but I have found in my own testing that Drupal would not function properly without it, since Apache did not properly interpret the PHP pages otherwise. To edit apache2.conf, use the following command:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

(Note that it’s a good idea to back up any system configuration file before editing it. You can do so quickly by using sudo cp /etc/apache2/apache2.conf ~/Desktop to save a copy to your Desktop. You can of course use vi or emacs or the editor of your choice, but most new users seem to prefer gedit)

Once you are in gedit, add the following line to the end of the file:

AddType application/x-httpd-php.html

Save the file and exit gedit. Restart Apache with this command, so it re-reads its configuration file:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now we’ll need to prepare MySQL for use with Drupal. First, you’ll need to run MySQL’s install script:

sudo mysql_install_db

And then this command, to properly secure MySQL. Follow the default prompts to remove the testing database in MySQL:

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Once this is completed, log into the MySQL command-line client:

mysql -u root –p

Enter your MySQL root user password from above, and you’ll find yourself at the MySQL> local client prompt. First, create a database for Drupal to use:

CREATE DATABASE drupal;

(Note that all commands entered in the MySQL local client must end with a semicolon to denote the end of the statement.)

Once the database is created, you’ll need to create a database user for Drupal to use. While still in the MySQL command line client, type this:

CREATE USER drupaluser;

Then create a password for your new user (note that your password will actually go within the quotation marks, and is case-sensitive):

SET PASSWORD FOR drupaluser = PASSWORD(“password”);

Now that you’ve got your Drupal database and your Drupal database user, you’ll need to grant the user all permissions on the database (again, the password goes within the quotation marks, and is case sensitive):

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON drupal.* TO drupaluser@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;

(Make sure to append “@localhost” to drupaluser; otherwise you’ll get a database error when you try to start Drupal for the first time.)

Go ahead and exit MySQL:

\q

Next, make a directory for Drupal with this command:

sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal

Next, you’ll need to unpack the Drupal files and move them to the /var/www/drupal directory. Once the files have been unpacked and copied, you’ll need to make a few changes. First, you’ll have to create a settings.php file for Drupal to use during the installation:

sudo cp /var/www/drupal/sites/default/default.settings.php /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Next, make the file writable:

sudo chmod 666 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Then create a files directory for Drupal to use:

sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files

Mark the files directory as writable:

sudo chmod 775 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files

Now you’re ready to install Drupal. Open up a web browser on your Ubuntu system and navigate to http://localhost/drupal. You’ll be redirected to the Drupal installation page. Click on the "Install Drupal In English" link to continue.

if http://localhost/drupal directs you to the 404 page, Apache is likely looking for the wrong document root.  Run the following:

sudo -H gedit /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default.conf

Replace DocumentRoot /var/www/html/ with DocumentRoot /var/www/; save and exit.

Restart apache to register the changes:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Go back to the web browser and navigate to http://localhost/drupal.  Click on the "Install Drupal In English" link to continue.

On the next page, you’ll be asked for the database name, username, and password you created earlier. Enter those names and continue. On the next page, you’ll be asked to set an admin username and password and a few other settings.

After that, your basic Drupal installation is finished, and you can choose how to further customize the site. One last thing you should do; use this command to change the settings.php file so it is no longer world writeable:

sudo chmod 644 /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

There is a far more easier way. Use Drubuntu from Drubuntu.info. This sets up Drupal for you right from the start and you could create your Ubuntu Environemnt arround it. Install your favorite desktop and so on


Broken schema 'org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser' For the past few weeks (after a distribution upgrade), about every program with a graphical user interfaces crashes at some point with the same error:

GLib-GIO-ERROR **: Settings schema 'org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser' does not contain a key named 'last-folder-uri'

It happens every time a file open dialog shows up, but also when the network manager asks for a WiFi password. (Which means I can't open files in any gtk application and only connect to open wireless networks.)

/usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser.gschema.xml does contain <key name='last-folder-uri'

Running glib-compile-schemas doesn't seem to help.

It's not just for one user. If I log in as a guest ('Guest Session'), the same happens.

$ dpkg -s libgtk-3-common | grep Version
Version: 3.4.2-0ubuntu0.3

Contents of /usr/share/glib-2.0/schemas/org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser.gschema.xml:

<https://gist.github.com/f90a230bf6077cbaa967>

A bit late but... just for future reference.

I already met this very same issue, just with a different key: you probably have a double org.gtk.Settings.FileChooser.gschema.xml file installed on your filesystem.

You should remove that file (I just uninstalled the culprit package) to solve the issue. Check this question for further details.

I had the same problem. You can set $XDG_DATA_DIRS to control which scheme has preference.

See this from GNOME mail.


Ubuntu 14 won't even detect my home wireless network My problem is that wireless is enabled in my router and works on other devices, the wireless switch is on in my laptop but connection only works with cable. I haven't tried logging in other networks, but the fact that I can see my nieghbours' and not mine makes me think that I could connect to theirs (if they were open!). I am next to my router but only my mobile gets online.

I can't find what is wrong. Is it possible that I have carelessly blacklisted my home network or that something was uninstalled?

I'm a beginner so let me know if there are any commands I need me to type to detect the problem. Any help is appreciated.

Cheers!

PS: For the command lspci -knn | grep Net -A2 the output is

04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g LP-PHY [14e4:4315] (rev 01)
Subsystem: Broadcom Corporation Device [14e4:04b5]
Kernel driver in use: wl
07:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM5906M Fast Ethernet PCI Express [14e4:1713] (rev 02)
Subsystem: Lenovo IdeaPad S10e [17aa:3a23]
Kernel driver in use:

I hope this helps, thanks!

You have a wrong driver installed. Connect to the internet by wire and run in terminal

sudo apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install firmware-b43-installer

Maybe your wifi network is hidden and not publishing its ssid all the time. You could try to use the "Connect to hidden wifi network" entry from your network manager's menu.

You could (temporarely) disable the wifi security (I suppose you use wpa2) and try it again. Maybe you have some util not installed like wpa-supplicant.

Remember to enable wpa2 again, afterwards.

You also may try
$ iw dev wlan0 scan ssid <your ssid>
if your wifi is listed there, your wifi card can 'see' it.


Is that possible to transfer already installed Ubuntu to a bootable USB stick? I would love to transfer my modified and configured Ubuntu installation to a bootable pendrive so I could use it later anywhere.

I hope that it's achievable and there's already been made some magical software that'd help me create the image of my system.. like iso.. or something similar that later I could make bootable.

I know that there must've been many questions about preparing bootable stick with ubuntu... but doing just that wouldn't fully satisfy me.

I believe in You Guys ;)

Absolutely, Systemback provides this functionality.

To install enter the following commands in a terminal window.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nemh/systemback
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install systemback

Start Systemback
Select 'Live System Create'
When finished 'Convert to .iso'
Burn ISO to USB using the integrated Startup Disk Creator.

There is this tool for Debian and since Ubuntu is Debian-based (and they talk about this fact on the linked page), give it a shot.


Step by step instruction for installing Illustrator in Ubuntu 14.04 i am totally new on Ubuntu and want to install the Illustrator on my laptop so any one can guide me step by step how to do it.

you can use playonlinux software for run Adobe software or other soft on Linux [EX : ubuntu]

softwer link : playonlinux

tutorial : youtube


Can't delete old /usr files (moving /usr to new partition) I'm following this answer to move my /usr directory to a different partition. When I try to delete the old /usr files using sudo rm -r /mnt/usr or sudo rm -rf /mnt/usr I get rm: cannot remove ‘/mnt/usr’: Device or resource busy. How do I resolve this?

I have an Ubuntu Live USB so I could try that, but I'm not sure how to delete the old /usr files from the live USB either.

Edit:

Here is /etc/fstab:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
UUID=ac528df3-12fc-4583-acda-4bb3fbb47fb8 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
UUID=a13080c5-6dde-468d-b5a3-a60d78fe6db0 none            swap    sw              0       0
UUID=0f226bb1-8acb-4343-9db9-b3e27bcea2f1 /home ext4    defaults    0   2
UUID=e21ed5be-d896-4b03-979d-5102b3b039fc /usr               ext3    errors=remount-ro 0       1

/dev/sda1   /media/shirley/windows7 ntfs    uid=1000,gid=1000   0 0

My fstab entry for /usr is slightly different from the linked post (e.g. using ext3, and the options are different) because I was initially following this ubuntuforums post but the overall procedure is the same.

From sudo lsof | grep /mnt/usr I just get

lsof: WARNING: can't stat() fuse.gvfsd-fuse file system /run/user/1000/gvfs
  Output information may be incomplete.

... whether I'm mounted on /mnt or not.

Edit 2:

Here is /etc/mtab (after running sudo mount --bind / /mnt, which appends the last line):

/dev/sdb1 / ext4 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
none /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs rw,uid=0,gid=0,mode=0755,size=1024 0 0
none /sys/fs/fuse/connections fusectl rw 0 0
none /sys/kernel/debug debugfs rw 0 0
none /sys/kernel/security securityfs rw 0 0
udev /dev devtmpfs rw,mode=0755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620 0 0
tmpfs /run tmpfs rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755 0 0
none /run/lock tmpfs rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,size=5242880 0 0
none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
none /run/user tmpfs rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid,size=104857600,mode=0755 0 0
none /sys/fs/pstore pstore rw 0 0
/dev/sda1 /media/shirley/windows7 fuseblk rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,default_permissions,blksize=4096 0 0
/dev/sda3 /usr ext3 rw,errors=remount-ro 0 0
/dev/sda2 /home ext4 rw 0 0
binfmt_misc /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0
systemd /sys/fs/cgroup/systemd cgroup rw,nosuid,noexec,nodev,none,name=systemd 0 0
vmware-vmblock /run/vmblock-fuse fuse.vmware-vmblock rw,nosuid,nodev,default_permissions,allow_other 0 0
gvfsd-fuse /run/user/1000/gvfs fuse.gvfsd-fuse rw,nosuid,nodev,user=shirley 0 0
/ /mnt none rw,bind 0 0

Thanks again!

After reading the mentioned answer twice, there is written you should use the following commands

  $ sudo mount --bind / /mnt
     $ sudo rm -rf /mnt/usr
     $ sudo umount /mnt

Therefore use

sudo rm -rf /mnt/usr

and not

sudo rm -r /mnt/usr

as you wrote in your question.

and you should read this ;)

My previous answer, maybe helpful for other readers:

You have mounted a partition at the mount point /mnt/usr. With the command sudo -rf /mnt/usr you try to delete this mount point and that's not possible. To delete the content of the folder use

sudo find /mnt/usr -delete

More about find with

man find

run command :

fuser -vm /mnt/usr

or

lsof /mnt/usr

run this command as root and see which process and user using /mnt/usr and kill that process then try to delete /mnt/usr using command.

sudo rm -r /mnt/usr

you will be able to delete /mnt/usr


Where is the user crontab stored? Since upgrading my user's crontab has been wiped out. This is not the first time this has happened this year and it's a pain restoring it each time.

I'd like to be able to back up the crontab for my user but for that I need to know where it's stored.

Actually, it's not recommended to handle those files by hand. Per crontab man page:

  Each  user  can  have their    own    crontab,    and    though
  these    are    files   in /var/spool/cron/crontabs,  they are not
  intended to be edited directly.

Files under /var/spool are considered temporary/working, that's why they probably get deleted during an upgrade, though a closer look at the cron package's upgrade scripts may shed some light on this.

Anyway, it's always a good practice to back up your cron entries or keep them in a file in your home directory.

I assume you're using crontab -e to create crontab files on the fly. If so, you can get a "copy" of your crontab file by doing crontab -l. Pipe that to a file to get a "backup":

crontab -l > my-crontab

Then you can edit that my-crontab file to add or modify entries, and then "install" it by giving it to crontab:

crontab my-crontab

This does the same syntax checking as crontab -e.

To list all cron jobs from all users in your system:

for user in $(cut -f1 -d: /etc/passwd)
do
  echo $user
  crontab -u $user -l
done

An alternative to your issue would be to place them in cron.d folder and specify the appropriate user per cron as in example:

00 01 * * * user /home/user/user-script.sh


Could not unmount /dev/sda1 with root filesystem Could not unmount /dev/sda1 with  root filesystem.
When I try to resize it by unmounting but the following error message pops up:

The partition could not be unmounted from the following mount points:
/
Most likely other partitions are also mounted on these mount points. You are advised to unmount them manually.

How to go about?

You can't unmount it, because it's being used. From the error message, /dev/sda1 is the location of your root directory /. Instead, create a gparted live CD, then boot from that. Then, you should be able to resize the (now-unused) root partition.

Make sure you back everything up before resizing!

You could try this:

sudo -i
umount /dev/sda1

and then this

mount -a /

and it might work fine this way.


Youtube videos are slow? I am running Ubuntu 12.04 I have tried reading different articles online but I am beat. I check my internet speeds they are running at the correct speeds. Yet when on Youtube videos just take ages to get working.

I for the most part us Chromium, although i tried to use firefox to see if this was browser specific and it was not. I get very low loading time for Youtube. I have streamed from other pages with ease.

I tried in creasing cache, updating flash, playing under html5.

( I have 12mb/down speed internet, when i ran videos on Win7 never had an issue my internet could handle 720p)

anybody have a solution?

The problem may be that YouTube is using Flash, which is notorious for being slow on Linux. Try going here and clicking the link to participate in the YouTube HTML5 beta. The player isn't as nice, but it should perform better.

Well just check this..!
For Installing 'libflashplayer.so'

http://tipswell.com/how-to-install-libflashplayer-so-in-linux.html


How to I remove "Managed by your organization" from Google Chrome and Chromium I noticed both Google Chrome and Chromium show "Managed by your organization" at the bottom of the 3 dots / hamburger menu. This is a personal computer--nothing to do with work. How do I get my browsers "un-managed" / get rid of the policies?

I'm using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 64-bit Dekstop. Google Chrome 79.0.3945.88-1. Chromium 79.0.3945.79-0.

I tried sudo apt purge google-chrome-stable and re-installed, but the "Managed..." notice and policies are still there.

Here's the fix:

sudo mv --verbose --target-directory=/tmp /etc/chromium /etc/chromium-browser /etc/opt/chrome ~/.config/google-chrome ~/.config/chromium

Ignore warnings from the mv about non-existant source files. Then, restart Google Chrome and/or Chromium.

This completely "un-manages" the browsers.

Updated with content from other answers below, including this one in an attempt to build one complete answer.

Following steps will resolve the issue

Step 1. Open Google Chrome web browser and type chrome://flags/ in address bar and press Enter. It'll open the advanced configuration page.

Step 2. Now type managed in the "Search flags" box.

Step 3. Go to the following option:

Show managed UI for managed users

Step 4. To disable/remove the "Managed by your organization" message in Chrome, select Disabled from the drop-down box.

Step 5. Google Chrome will ask you to restart the browser. Click on "Relaunch now" button to restart Google Chrome.

Step 5. Now try to open the main menu or Settings page in Chrome and you'll no longer see "Managed by your organization" message. It'll disappear completely.


Desktop environments not working properly after nvidia graphic driver installation So I tried to install the graphics drivers for my nvidia geforce gt540m on ubuntu 13.04 64 bit. I tried following the instructions here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1916961
but it didn't work right and now the only desktop environment I can boot into is gnome fallback. (I have unity and cinnamon installed as well.) in unity metacity doesn't work anymore and in cinnamon it crashes and goes to fallback. I just want to get my system back to the way that it was and I was going to follow the following instructions to install the nvidia drivers : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation

Please advise how to fix my current problem and also if I should follow the instructions provided in the link or a different set of instructions.
thanks in advance.

If your machine is an Optimus technology one, using the bumblebee ppa is by far the easiest and most hassle free experience.

To undo the damage done, try:

sudo apt-get purge -remove nvidia*

to remove all nvidia related drivers.

If you installed via the .run file, re-run the .run file using teh same method as installation, this time it will ask if you want to uninstall. Do so completely.

Once done, make sure the machine is now clean of previous nvidia and other related installs.

Once done, use the install method provided in
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation
That should work...

Try using:

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove nvidia-current

Worked for me.


Utility/Sniffer to track internet traffic/speed of all PCs in local network It doesn't matter if utility is for Ubuntu or for Windows XP/7, just need to see what pc is using the most traffic in local network.

Probably some spammer etc on that pc.

Need to get rid of that, before calling to my ISP.

Wireshark will work if you can span a gateway connection in order to see all the PCs traffic.  Otherwise, you'll only see your own.

If your PCs support SNMP, I think your best bet will be a tool like Cacti.  This way you run Cacti on a central PC/server, which then polls the other PCs for interface information and graphs the resulting interfaces for comparison.

Iptraf is a great tool for monitoring LAN Traffic as well as individual traffic,

The tool is handy and could be viewed form terminal itself.

For advanced monitoring i suggest wireshark


How to send files to the trash can without the confirmation dialog If I delete a file, the following message appears on the screen:

How could disable that message and send the file straight to the trash can?

You can try this:
1) Open Pcmanfm (File Manager) and go to Edit > Preferences

For Lubuntu 12.04 to 13.10
Uncheck Confirm before deleting files

For Lubuntu 14.04
Uncheck Confirm before moving files into "trash can"

Hope this helps.

Nautilus>edit>preferences>behavior

There's a pair of checkboxes near the bottom of that panel to choose "delete" behavior.


Unable to login as root from the login screen even though I have a root account I have installed 12.04 LTS but surprisingly not able to login as root. I have unlock and set the password for root but while login i can not see 'other' option in GUI login where i can put root id and password.

please help me.

Caveat: Don't do this unless you have a good reason

I store my home directory in lvm and occasionally need to unmount it to perform maintenance. It's much more convenient to login as root in those circumstances, as I can look up documentation online and browse the web while waiting for fsck.

By default, Ubuntu's greeter LightDM no longer supports logging in with an arbitrary username as it did in the past.

But this is still Linux, and we can configure this. Edit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf with root privileges and add this line:

[SeatDefaults]
greeter-show-manual-login=true

Reboot, and you can now login as any user by username including root.

$sudo -i

enter the password

su

startx

A new desktop screen with GUI root account will emerge. The previous desktop though still remains alive for use after you log off the root account. I feel that this way of accessing the root in GUI is better that creating a permanent GUI account of root.


Where does Ubuntu store its keyboard shortcut configuration? Is there a place in "Ubuntu" that stores a complete list of what keys/combinations/shortcuts are bound to what?

What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts? list some "Unity" shortcuts to the Dash, Launcher, etc. and How to list Compiz keybindings in use? shows a way to list compiz bindings, but I'm looking for more than that (not just a few of the keybindings limited only to Unity or Compiz) although it's a start.

Is there a global list of key bindings/key combinations/keyboard Shortcuts in use, that is stored somewhere in Ubuntu or is there a way to compile and list them? One that applies to Ubuntu and things running in it (Unity, Compiz, Shortcuts to Programs, etc.).

Surely, Ubuntu must store this somewhere for the key combination pressed on the keyboard to be directed to what it's connected with? If there is no such place in Ubuntu, then post so as an answer, so future users, that search, will know.

Since Ubuntu 17.10

On this paths:

dconf dump /org/gnome/desktop/wm/keybindings/
dconf dump /org/gnome/settings-daemon/plugins/media-keys/custom-keybindings/  # Custom

You can also use dconf-editor (GUI) or gsettings (CLI).

Since Ubuntu 12.10-17.04

~/.config/dconf/user (in dconf-editor: org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys.custom-keybindings (custom shortcuts)

~/.config/compiz-1/compizconfig

Until Ubuntu 12.04

The shortcuts are placed differently depending on witch desktop you are using (gnome/unity, kde, xfce, lxde,etc).

For gnome, they are under
~/.gconf/desktop/gnome/keybindings (custom shortcuts)

and under
~/.gconf/apps/metacity.

In 11.10, under System Configuration -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts you get a pretty big list of them. Is that what you are looking for?


Connect PS Vita to Ubuntu? I have recently purchased a PS (Playstation) Vita. I want to add music and videos to the device, but I can not seem to get it to connect to Ubuntu. Apparently, you need a content manager available only to Mac and Windows.

Does anyone know how to connect a Vita to Ubuntu for file transfers?

I haven't tested it (yet!), but apparently there's an Open Source version of "Content Manager" that has been developed for connectivity with the PlayStation Vita:
QCMA

Most of the users at that link claim it works for them, so I'm gonna test it out as soon as my PlayStation Vita is charged...

Try using this exe in Wine:

http://cma.dl.playstation.net/cma/win/en/index.html

I hope it works.


Best most Stable partition layout for Linux I had had many issues regarding data loss due to GRUB breakage & unable to boot in my OS e.g see my latest mishap here:
Grub rescue unknown filesystem...the ultimate hopelessness

The problem lies in the fact that I want a stable yet portable OS able to boot in computers of varied hardware profiles. So far in my experience of 3 years or so the best was offered by Debian (precisely Crunchbang)! It never got corrupted & provided an overall stable performance though the lack of latest technologies incorporation made me to look towards LTS Ubuntu versions.

What I want is a stable partition profile with atleast one NTFS partition that will act as buffer storage b/w Windows & *nix OS. I mostly use mechanical 2.5' hd encased in portable casing therefore I want an advice for the best stable partition profile to ensure consistency

For instance my Crunchbang layout is:

Disk /dev/sdb: 31.4 GB, 31440961536 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 3822 cylinders, total 61408128 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0007199b

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048    42975231    21486592    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sdb2   *    42975232    60792831     8908800   83  Linux
/dev/sdb3        60792832    61407231      307200   82  Linux swap / Solaris

/dev/sdb1: LABEL="CRUNCH" UUID="0618C75418C74183" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdb2: UUID="351b88b1-0c89-4ce2-ae29-3d2986f4c67f" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sdb3: UUID="63aedc80-77c3-4ce4-9533-8bc3bd6496b9" TYPE="swap"

Further Notes: My company is primarily Intel powered so by "varied hardware profiles" I don't mean AMD only Intel x32 but you know this includes Pentium D onwards to i7

Most likely the issues you had experienced in the past are not due to partition layout as such.  Most likely the bootloader configuration and not using UUID to reference the partitions in fstab.  Those were problems, but those have been solved long ago and I think most modern distro's will use UUID to reference partitions by default now.

I'd simply start with a fresh external HDD, install Ubuntu to it but manually partition the disk when prompted.  Leave space at the end of the drive for NTFS.

Then install Ubuntu.

Later, using gparted you can create an NTFS volume at the end of the drive for use in windows.

You'll need to install the ntfs-3g fuse drivers later to get ntfs support under ubuntu.

I'm not positive what your looking for, but I can suggest to you what I use.

If you are running off an /sdb I assume there is an /sda of similar size. You can run RAID 1 which will backup your data in the event a hard drive fails.

If you do not have a second hard drive built into your computer, you can pick a cheap external HDD up at BestBuy or another electronics store. With this, you can still configure linux raid and be portable at the same time!

when setting up raid, It will create a partition that acts as one drive which you can then partition out to other needs.

Hope I helped!


Stop using flash? Or improve the flash experience? I'd like to setup my Ubuntu to work without Flash (= not installed), but still be able to view videos on sites like Youtube, wisevid, etc.    I want to try this because recently Flash has crashed a couple times. It also often 'feels' sluggish. Also a couple other flash related questions here got me thinking there might be a better way of doing things.    So how should i do this?       Note: Answers that have flash + work-arounds are also welcome.

On sites that support it, set videos to use HTML5.

For flash only sites you could use one of the free flash implementations - Gnash and Lightspark.

If you want to avoid flash plugins completely, you can attempt to download the video and then play with VLC. There are some programs that can help to do this. The following are available from the software repositories:

youtube-dl (command line) - downloads videos from youtube
clive (command line) - downloads videos from a number of websites
cclive (command line) - a C++ rewrite of clive
abby (graphical) - A GUI frontend to clive or cclive

Not all video websites are supported but for some that aren't you may be able to find the URL of the video that is streaming and download it using wget or a GUI downloader such as d4x. Finding the video URL will require looking at the HTML code. To do this in chromium, you can right click next to the video and click 'inspect element'. You will be able to find the video URL within <embed></embed> tags. It will typically have a .flv or .avi extension. This will only work for websites that do not encrypt the URL (like youtube and megavideo do).

You can 'stream' a video (play it while it is downloading) by opening VLC and using Media->Open File... and locating the video or running vlc FILE in a terminal.

There are also browser extensions available, such as this one for firefox.

At jan-2012, you may solved the problems.
But, one must have in mind that Ubuntu does not upgrade software to a newer version than that in the release.
If you have ubuntu 10.04 you can enter getdeb in the repositories, by this way you can upgrade to the last version of programs, although not from the ubuntu official site.
By now I have FireFox 9.0.1, it works very fine. I can see videos from many sites, including youtube of course.

64bit processors are not new at 2010, many computers manufactured by 2006 have one of those.
Linux does not have problem to address 4GB of ram, but windows does, for that reason the manufacturers more recently sell their computers with 64bit windows versions, being 64bit every time more common, for that reason the absence of 64bit plugins is disappearing. Not so the monopolistic imposition of the monopoly's OS.

Firefox 9 is also working very well under w7-64.


System does not hibernate; the screen flashes off for a few seconds and nothing else happens I just upgraded my Ubuntu 11.10 to 12.04. I have a problem with hibernation in my new 12.04.

I run the following command

sudo pm-hibernate

but my system does not hibernate, i.e. my system does not turn off; rather the screen just flashes out for few seconds and resumes previous state.

How do I fix this problem and enable hibernation on my system?

Something in your hardware configuration is incompatible with the kernel's hibernation methodology. Unfortunately this is hard to troubleshoot unless the troubleshooter happens to have a very similar system.

You can try the alternative TuxOnIce (wikipedia) hibernation instead.

TuxOnIce (wiki|homepage) is an alternative to the kernel's built-in hibernation technology, and is supposed to be compatible with a broader range of hardware, more reliable and more flexible.
It is easily installed, and if it doesn't work for you, as easily removed.
It does require installing TuxOnIce's custom kernel, but the instructions that follow should make it easy. If you've never opened the terminal before, you may want to now :-)

0. Requirements

The only requirement for TuxOnIce is that your swap partition be at least as large as the amount of memory (RAM) you have. You can check this by:
Start the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Type free -m, and you should see something like this:

             total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:          1024        731        260          0          0        190
-/+ buffers/cache:        540        451
Swap:         1536          6       1530

The number after Swap: (e.g. 1536) should be more than the number after Mem: (e.g. 1024)
If this is not the case, and your swap is smaller than your memory, you must either resize and increase the size of your swap partition, or configure TuxOnIce to use a special swap file. That is beyond the scope of this answer, but if you ask another question and mention it in the comments, I will answer and explain how.

1. Installing the TuxOnIce kernel
Start the terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Copy and paste the following into the terminal. This adds the TuxOnIce PPA and installs the custom kernel and headers.

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:tuxonice/ppa -y

and once the ppa is added:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install tuxonice-userui linux-generic-tuxonice -y
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic-tuxonice -y

Now reboot.
Ubuntu should now start up with the TuxOnIce kernel. If there are any problems, keep the Shift pressed at startup and you will get the Grub menu. Use the arrow keys to go to Previous Linux Versions, press enter, and press enter again to go back to the working kernel.

2. Testing hibernation functionality.
Open some of the applications you normally use, e.g. Firefox, Thunderbird, LibreOffice, etc.
Open the terminal again, with Ctrl+Alt+T.
Type sudo pm-hibernate, press enter, enter your password.
You should see the lock screen for a second, and then the TuxOnIce hibernation progress screen, like the one below:

If TuxOnIce works, your computer will shutdown.
Start it again, and wait. TuxOnIce should resume from the point you hibernated, including all the windows you opened at the position you opened.

If all this worked, go to Step 3, which lets you enable Hibernate from the dashboard.

3. Enabling hibernation from the dashboard
Press Alt+F2, type the below and then press enter:

gksudo gedit /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
Paste the below, press Ctrl+S to save and Ctrl+Q to exit the editor:

[Re-enable hibernate by default]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate
ResultActive=yes

Restart, and you should see the Hibernate option as shown below:

4. Removing TuxOnIce

If TuxOnIce doesn't work for you, or you simply wish to remove it, start the terminal and enter:

 sudo apt-get remove tuxonice-userui linux-generic-tuxonice linux-headers-generic-tuxonice -y
and remember to disable the Hibernate option in the menu with:

sudo rm /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/com.ubuntu.enable-hibernate.pkla
Then restart.

As far as I know this does not work in 12.04. Somehow they did not include hibernate support as it was kind of buggy on some machines.


Can't get Ubuntu to install in Windows 8 I saw Ubuntu today on my friend's laptop, and I immediately fell in love. I then decided to try installing Ubuntu reading the guide on the official Ubuntu website (which included downloading an .iso image and setting it up for booting from my USB drive). After attempting for five hours, I have still not been able to install Ubuntu.

I use an HP Envy M6 with an existing installation of Windows 8.

Things I have tried:

Disabling Secure Boot in the BIOS
Disabling fast booting in Windows 8
Changing the boot order in the BIOS so that the USB boots first (causing a BSOD, which I eventally solved)
Using the UNetbootin tool to create my bootable USB (from the .iso image I downloaded earlier)

This has really been frustrating. I had thought the whole process would be as easy I read on the official Ubuntu website.

You seem to have problem not with installing the system per se, but with starting installation.

If you're sure, you've disabled fastboot, you need to get to "boot menu".

Before windows start kicks in you probably see either full screen HP logo, or some hardware information - look for information that reads "Boot menu - [KEY]".
Then press that before Windows starts. you should be presented with menu where you'll be able to choose a device you want to boot from (usual suspects are keys F2, F11, F12 and DEL).

Now, you might get 2 options for the USB drive - UEFI and some other (it might be named "old", "standard" or something else. But you'll most probably want to use the one that starts with UEFI (thats - in short - the way the drives will be accessed).

After that you should be able to start *ubuntu installer.

If you want to install it alongside windows 8, you can just use WUBI.exe which is in the iso file (it installs it inside windows' partition, in folder C:\Ubuntu if you won't change it.


How to get the Unity dash overlayed not maximized by default? I have a problem, I always have the dash Maximazed in full view, and well not like   Is there a way to get the original one ??

The dash is designed to open "maximised" for screens that are approximately the size of a standard netbook.  This is called "Netbook" mode.
You can force dash to open "half-way" using  "Desktop" mode through the following:
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity form-factor 'Desktop'

If you want to reverse this try
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity form-factor 'Automatic'

or
gsettings set com.canonical.Unity form-factor 'Netbook'

Alternatively, you can install the configuration editor dconf-editor from the package dconf-tools and do the same the graphical way:

for 12.04
For 12.04 and later you can use MyUnity :

There is also a rather neat overlooked method...

Click the dash maximise button as shown, followed by the dash button itself.  This changes from netbook to desktop and most importantly the setting is retained when you logout and login.
For other options:

How can I configure Unity?

See the linked question:

How to get Unity dash overlays maximized by default?

When 11.10 comes out you will be able to make it smaller by pressing the minimize button, in the left corner. And if you want to maximize it again, do so by pressing the maximize button.


How can I copy the current path from Nautilus? In 10.10, when opening a directory in Nautilus, I was wondering how to copy the current path?

My address bar, pictured here, is not copyable:

I'd say the quickest way is to press Ctrl+L, then you can copy it (Ctrl+C).

Additional to the answer of Nonny Moose, you can create, and use a Shortcut for copy to the clipboard the Path to your file/folder. Thus, you select a folder or a file in Nautilus, and then press a shortcut, and you will have you Path to that folder/file in the Clipboard ready to be pasted.
You can do in the following manner:

Install Xclip: $ sudo apt install xclip

Create and save a script in ~/.local/share/nautilus/scripts as follow:

Name of the file: Nautilus-Copy-Path
Content:
#!/bin/sh
echo -n "${PWD}" | xclip -selection clipboard

Make this file an executable file. (Risght click -> properties -> permissions -> Alow executing file as program)

Create the following file in /home/user_name/.config/nautilus

Name of the file: scripts-accels
Content: Note that F6 is the shortcut you want to assign to run this script, space and then the name of the script you want to run, in this case the file name you just have created in the previous step.
F6 Nautilus-Copy-Path

Make it executable

Restart Nautilus


Ubuntu 14.04 Returns to Login Screen After Login When I type in my password to my newly installed Ubuntu 14.04 computer, it returns me to the login screen. I've seen other answers but those were to Ubuntu 13.04 and older and didn't work.

Press Ctrl + Alt + F1 and log in there and run:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER $HOME

Then press Ctrl + Alt + F7 and try to log in.

In version 18 it asks for a new password for user ubuntu which I entered.  I used 4-l's for my password for user ubuntu.  Ubuntu wil not accept the old password or the 4-l's.  Based upon the fact that I cannot login to ubuntu I will move on to another os.  I like to buy my haay before it goes through the bull.  My recommendation for version 18 users is wuuit ehile you are ahead.


Why Apache virtual hosts on Ubuntu 14.04 is not working? I installed Apache 2.4 on Ubuntu 14.04 and it was working fine by http://localhost/ address.
But when I tried to add a new virtual host, for example http://bow.loc and restart apache, new address was not available on http://bow.loc and available on http://localhost.

My configuration is:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName www.bow.loc
    ServerAlias bow.loc
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/bow/web

    <Directory /var/www/html/bow>
        AllowOverride All
        Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        Order allow,deny
        Allow from all
        <IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
            RewriteEngine On
            RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
            RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /app.php [QSA,L]
        </IfModule>
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

How can I get my site by http://bow.loc?

Since Apache 2.4, each virtual host file should have the .conf extension.

You can rename each virtual host file to include the .conf extension:

mv /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com /etc/apache2/sites-available/example.com.conf

Use the a2ensite command to add the virtual host:

a2ensite example.com.conf

And reload Apache:

service apache2 reload

Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews

Need char '+' : +FollowSymLinks +Multiviews

Order allow,deny
Allow from all

Now = Require all granted


Set "older" kernel as default grub entry I installed a mainline kernel for testing purposes. I would like to set grub to boot from the older kernel by default.

I know I can set the GRUB_DEFAULT=0 setting for the first page of grub but how do I set it to boot by default from one kernel in the second page (Advanced page)?

I would prefer doing this without installing other software (ex. grub-customizer).

  Related Questions:
  How do I set Windows to boot as the default in the boot loader?
  How do I change the grub boot order?

First, make a backup copy of /etc/default/grub. If something goes wrong, you can easily revert to the known-good copy.

sudo cp /etc/default/grub /etc/default/grub.bak

Then edit the file using the text editor of your choice (e.g. gedit, etc.).

sudo -H gedit /etc/default/grub

Find the line that contains GRUB_DEFAULT - this is what you'll want to edit to set the default. You must know the full name of the kernel you want - e.g. Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-53-generic - along with the full name of the "advanced menu" - e.g. Advanced options for Ubuntu.

You then combine those two strings with > and set GRUB_DEFAULT to them as: GRUB_DEFAULT="Advanced options for Ubuntu>Ubuntu, with Linux 3.13.0-53-generic" (including quotes).

Save it, then build the updated grub menu.

sudo update-grub

See also: GNU GRUB Manual 2.02 or more specifically section 15.1.0 on setting the default.

Note: There is a method utilizing numbers to access kernels and menus but this is not recommended as it is unreliable when kernel updates occur.

In order to do it with a GUI, I use Grub Customizer (I'm in Mint but that doesn't count here).
The simplest and most direct way (thanks @eMKi for the suggestion in comment) — best suited for a permanent setting, in General Settings > default entry > predifined, simply select the desired kernel in the drop-down list.

Or, in case one needs the "previous booted entry" to be the one selected (might be useful in dual boot with Windows when doing an Windows update that requires restart, for example) — keeping the Advanced options in the grub list in case the default list is changed within Grub Customizer:

under General settings select the default entry: previous booted entry.

Then, reboot, and during boot select the "Advanced options" entry in the grub list:

and select the older kernel

On the next reboot, the "Advanced options" item will be the one selected by default in the grub list and the last selected kernel from under there will be booted (without opening the full list of kernels).
In case Windows is used, or other option in the grub list, remember to re-do the previous procedure.


What is the command to update time and date from internet What is the command to update time and date from Internet? Is there any application that allows me to do so from its user interface rather than from the shell?

This is a nice little code I found to update your time in case you have issues with ntp:

sudo date -s "$(wget -qSO- --max-redirect=0 google.com 2>&1 | grep Date: | cut -d' ' -f5-8)Z"

You need to install the ntp package. Date/Time settings are availble under system settings. Here's some more information.


Problem installing Terminology terminal emulator When trying to run/install Terminology on Ubuntu 14.04 I get the following error

symbol lookup error: /usr/local/lib/libecore_evas.so.1: undefined symbol: _eina_log_state_shutdown

I guess the problem is with the elementary library, because when I tried to compile it from source as indicated on the Enlightenmend site, I couldn't run the make command without obtaining this error.

I tried doing a sudo make uninstall on this library and then the Efl, Evas Generic Loaders, and Emotion Generic Players libraries (the ones needed for Terminology according to the Enlightenment web page). After that I added the enlightenment-git/ppa repository, and followed the steps of the How to install terminology on Ubuntu 14.04 post with the same result: when I run the terminology command, I still get the error, even though there are no visible errors during the installation.

I even tried the niko2040/e19 repository but the same occurred, I'd appreciate any help.

Thanks!

Why is you're library in /usr/local ? ppa package might've installed it there but it might also mean you haven't uninstalled your manually-compiled version properly. Try to check where ppa packages install stuff and if I'm correct and you have duplicate files in /usr and /usr/local, do some cleanup in the latter.

I had another idea before. It's just wrong, I haven't read the code in the question properly.

Probably something's wrong with requirements. Try to locate a package that contains evas library, install it and find the appropriate so-file in /usr/{local/,}lib/ -if there's only older/newer version you can try either to symlink and hope or install/compile another version of the library.

Anyway, you have to figure out why that library can't be loaded and fix whatever is the problem with it.


Constant problems with external encrypted hard disks I am using an encrypted hard disk for backing up my (also encrypted) laptop disk, running Ubuntu 15.10 64 bit. The built-in laptop disk works fine but the external USB disk, after working for somewhere between a few minutes and a few hours, suddenly switches itself back to being encrypted and shows the password prompt. This happens even though I keep choosing "remember forever". Often, when I then re-enter the password, either it does not work and the dialog is shown again, or the system claims that it cannot mount the drive because it is already mounted.

I thought maybe this is the problem with the physical disk and I attached a second encryped external usb drive. Now I am seeing the same problems for both disks, of completely different make and model. Although I have seen this problem with 15.04 my impression is that is has become even worse.

The bottom line is that now both my external USB hard-disks are essentially unusable and the whole situation is extremely annoying.

Is this a known issue, and more importanly, is there anything that can be done to fix or avoid these problems?

The error message when trying to unlock again and the system claims something is already mounted is:

Error unlocking /dev/sdd1: Command-line `cryptsetup luksOpen "/dev/sdd1" "luks-xxxxxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx" ' exited with non-zero exit status 5: Device luks-xxxxxx-xxx-xxx-xxx-xxxxxxxxxx already exists.
 (udisks-error-quark, 0)

Thank you everyone who gave feedback! I tried the disks on different laptops now and they work fine here. So it appears that there is something wrong with the laptop I had been using, where after some random time the connection gets interrupted, irrespective of which USB plug I use.


How to require password to edit the file? (fresh linux user)

Can I restrict all users (sudo as well) to enter password to edit the file?

I have /etc/dnsmasq.conf file where is websites whitelist specified. I want to set password to allow to modify this file.

Is it possible?

edit:
The problem is: I am a man whose need restrictions. I want limit myself to edit this flle. I want add difficult password to this file, print this password and hide in the basement. (i am serious). Therefore it must be something sudo can't modify.

Short answer: No.

Long answer: It depends.

Are you willing to lose full root access?  If not: it cannot be done.  The root user is, by definition, the user that can do everything including totally and utterly destroy the system, but also read and write all files.  I answered a similar question here.  It is logically impossible to both be root and not have access all files.

However, if you are willing to give up root access, you can.  You just need someone else to have root on your machine (Let's say your spouse - I mean, this is about porn, isn't it?  I know it is... It always is.), and you get an account without root rights: A so called "Standard User".  At that point, you will not be able to edit that file because you're not in the sudoers group.  Your spouse will.  However, it comes with the limits of not being able to install software and do other system maintenance tasks.

This isn't a full protection.  Unless the disk is encrypted (and you don't have the password), you can still boot withe a LiveCD/USB and go modify the file.  Technically, protecting you from yourself is close to an imposibility.

Use GPG

Encrypt:

gpg -c --armor $FILE.txt

This will ask you for a passphrase and it will create an encrypted file $FILE.txt.asc with that .asc extension. You can then delete the original file. or your you can use GPG to create the original file.

man gpg

Decrypt:

gpg -d $FILE > output.txt

This will write the decrypted data to a file named output.txt


How do I require Two Factor Authentication to log in? Running 12.04. I am trying to separate my wrapped-passphrase for my encrypted home folder to require a USB drive be present to login.

I followed the instructions here and added the drive to my fstab, put the wrapped-passphrase file on the drive, and then created a symbolic link back to ~/.ecryptfs. The drive mounts fine but the symbolic link doesn't seem to be connecting the two as when I login it flashes a purple screen for a fraction of a second than takes me back to the login screen. What am I doing wrong?

This thread details how to use a USB stick as your boot device, though for different reasons. I like the fact that without the stick the machine appears to have no OS on it.

Have you considered this: "How to Secure SSH with Google Authenticator’s Two-Factor Authentication"?

Its not a USB it is an app on our phone that generates a code.


Modifying common keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu [14.04] I need to modify the Common Applicaton Shortcuts in Ubuntu 14.04 so I can use the Super (Windows) key instead of Ctrl. I looked them up in System Settings > Keyboard > Shortcuts but there are no options to change them.

How can I have the Super key replace the Ctrl in these shorcuts?

Step 1:     Download Autokey from either the Ubuntu Software Center or use the terminal:

sudo apt-get install autokey-gtk

Step 2:     Open Autokey (search AutoKey in dash menu)

Step 3:     Create a New Top-Level Folder from File ► New ► Folder

Step 4:     Select Folder and create New Script from File ► New ►Script

Step 5:      In the "# Enter script code" enter keyboard.send_keys("shortcut you desire to imitate")

Examples

keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<v>")
keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<c>")
keyboard.send_keys("<ctrl>+<s>")

Note : repeat Step 4-5 for each hotkey you want to add

Step 6: Click on the second set on the Hotkey and set your hotkey

Step 7: Save and test them out.It should work now.

Extra Stuff

Enable automatically start Autokey at login (Edit ► preferences ► general) , clear the special hotkeys (Edit ► preferences ► Special Hotkeys) and we are done.

Try the following; system settings  keyboard  shortcuts
there are many options there to set all sorts of key combinations.
Sorry, I see now you've already tried that.
I just went and tried it myself and it works;  if you select the shortcut you want to change and click on it the words "new accellerator" appear, you then hold the super key and whichever you want in combination with it and it sets the combination.


Multi display. how to fullscreen on selected/used display? Multi display. how to fullscreen on selected/used display.
I've tried DISPLAY:=0/DISPLAY:=1 but that does not work on most applications...

Nvidia propetary drivers btw.

you need to setup Multiseats in xorg and your desktop manager.
Its not that hard, but not so easy either.

Most info is here

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/xorg_multiseat


How can I boot into Ubuntu after installing Win7 on the side? Ubuntu 16.04 is installed on my laptop.

Yesterday I installed Windows 7 in unallocated space. When I restart my laptop, I don't get any menu to choose what OS to boot into. It just automatically boots into Windows.

I thought I might have accidentally removed Ubuntu and so I wrote Ubuntu on a USB and tried reinstalling. That installer says I already have Ubuntu and is making me choose whether or not I want to erase and reinstall, so it isn't removed.

How can I boot into it?

Insert your Ubuntu CD or live USB reboot your computer and set it to boot from CD/USB in the BIOS or in boot manager on newer PCs and boot into a live session.
Install and run Boot-Repair
Click "Recommended Repair".
Now reboot your system. The usual GRUB boot menu should appear. If it does not, hold Left Shift while booting(may be different system to system). You will be able to choose between Ubuntu and Windows .

INSTALL BOOT REPAIR:
(Terminal in LiveSesion)
sudo apt install software-properties-common
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair
And boot-repair will appear.

You can boot into Ubuntu Live boot, and list hard disk partitions then reinstall grub.

sudo fdisk -l

Find the partition Labeled Linux or Ubuntu. Use that in next commands.

sudo mkdir /media/sdaX # Replace X with appropriate number.
sudo mount /dev/sdaX /media/sdaX
sudo grub-install --root-directory=/media/sdaX /dev/sdaX


Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Release is unable to boot and lands in a blank screen after fresh installation in Oracle Virtual Box Using latest download image of Ubuntu 20.04 LTS stable release in Virtual Box with fixed storage of 80 gb and 4 gb RAM installs properly with no errors , but in first boot it lands in a blank screen prompting no error neither taking to Desktop.

Did performed the installation multiple times to find the same observation. Any one facing the similar error and any workaround ?

Switching from full screen to scaled mode and then back to full screen allowed me to see my guest's screen.

Background

I had already set the video memory to 128 MBs, but was getting a blank screen in full screen mode anyway. I have an ultrawide monitor and had installed the guest extensions so that I could use the full resolution (2560x1080) which was fine before rebooting the guest. Following a reboot or shutdown+boot, I was getting a blank screen after the spinning Ubuntu loading screen. I discovered that switching VirtualBox between modes would workaround the issue. Hopefully Oracle is able to fix this, seems like a bug.

It is more than likely your Video Memory setting. After setting up the name of the machine, before you start it and select the ubuntu image to boot from, please go into Settings, then Display, and under the "Screen" tab, increase the default Video Memory setting to 128mb by sliding the bar to the right. The default setting is just not enough.


Merge two unallocated partition using gparted? I am having a trouble in merging two unallocated partition. Can anyone help me with this?

The problem that I found different is, the unallocated partition seems to be inside the /dev/sda3.

I suspect that they can't be merged because they are not next to each other. Try moving sda 5 and sda 4 all the way to the left or right so the unallocated areas are next to each other and see if you can merge them then.

Good luck.


Can't add Canadian Multilingual keyboard layout in Lubuntu I go to ibus preferences in Lubuntu and can add French (Canada), but it's not the Canadian Multilingual layout. I tried installing m17 ibus packages and it adds a bunch of languages but not more French options (other than the French azerty m17 option). I didn't have this problem in ubuntu, just Lubuntu. Please help! Thanks in advance.

You can use setxkbmap to change your keyboard layout settings. Just open a terminal window and type:

setxkbmap ca multix

This will get you a Canadian Multilingual Standard keyboard layout. You can also create a desktop launcher with your keyboard layouts. Create a file named multix.desktop in $HOME\Desktop and open it with a text editor. Add the following lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=/usr/bin/setxkbmap ca multix
Name=Keyboard Layout
StartupNotify=false
Name[fr_CA]=multix

If you prefer to use the old Canadian French keyboard layout you can use setxkbmap ca and to get back to the US layout use setxkbmap us.

Install package ibus-xkbd and in your normal keyboard setup (not ibus) choose canadian multilingual, then in choose xkbd as a ibus input method and it will be canadian multilingual.


install php 5.3 on ubuntu 14.04 I just installed Ubuntu server 14.04, I need to migrate my site from old server Ubuntu 10.04 (which has php 5.3) to the new server,

but currently when i install php using

`apt-get install php`

i found the installed version is "PHP 5.5", how can i install 5.3?

If it is n't possible, what is the previous possible version of Ubuntu i should downgrade to be compatible with "PHP 5.3"?

I can think of 2 different options:

try the solutions posted in this topic
compile from source, although I wouldn't recommend this because you'll have to recompile after every security update

Btw, have you tried the site under PHP 5.5? Because if everything works well I can't think of any logical reason to downgrade.

you can use this repository:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:eugenesan/ppa

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install php5


How to have `ll` command not display hidden files When I type ll or ls to list the contents of a directory...

The ls command shows un-hidden files and folders in a horizontal view.
To show the hidden folders, I have to type ls -a. I like how this works.

The ll command shows all files and folders, including hidden ones without needing to add -a.

I would like ll to list only unhidden files and folders by default. And if I want to show the hidden ones, I'd like to have to type ll -a. How can I set this up?

Open the file .bashrc in your home directory. The should be an entry which looks like:

alias ll='ls -la'

Remove the last a, save the file and open a new shell. Now ll should work as want you. If you do not find the line, you can add it to your .bashrc:

alias ll='ls -l'

Add these lines:

# Custom aliases
alias l='ls -a'
alias ll='ls -l'
alias la='ls -la'

to the end of ~/.bashrc, for example using:

nano .bashrc


App indicator not showing properly (Sigram) I've installed Sigram and the app indicator is showing at the left top corner of the "panel" as you can see in this photo:

I'm looking for some info but I can't find anything related with this problem.

Thank you in advance!

In my case installing libappindicator1 fixed it.

sudo apt-get install libappindicator1


How to find the directory of a USB port I am trying to find the name of the second USB port in my computer in the director /dev/ since I am trying to find where my AVR micro-controller programmer location to execute this command: avrdude -p t85 -P directoryWhereProgrammerIs -c avrispmkII -e -U flash:w:src.hex. Any suggestions? Thanks!

you can run mount to get the list of all attached devices and their mount locations.

USBs are put under /media/<username> folder.

You need :

sudo  apt-get  install usbmount

sudo  apt-get  install mc

mc

up

up

/media

You will see all you USB ports in this folder . (It look like MS-DOS)


Compiling R - configure: error: cannot run C compiled programs while installing R-3.0.0 Compiling R

root@rani:/media/626CAD/androidnetbeans/R-3.0.0# sudo bash ./configure
checking build system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
checking host system type... i686-pc-linux-gnu
loading site script './config.site'
loading build-specific script './config.site'
checking for pwd... /bin/pwd
checking whether builddir is srcdir... yes
checking for working aclocal... found
checking for working autoconf... found
checking for working automake... found
checking for working autoheader... found
checking for gawk... no
checking for mawk... mawk
checking whether ln -s works... yes
checking for bison... no
checking for byacc... no
checking for ar... ar
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking for sed... /bin/sed
checking for which... /usr/bin/which
checking for less... /usr/bin/less
checking for gtar... no
checking for gnutar... no
checking for tar... /bin/tar
checking for tex... no
checking for pdftex... no
configure: WARNING: you cannot build PDF versions of the R manuals
checking for pdflatex... no
configure: WARNING: you cannot build PDF versions of vignettes and help pages
checking for makeindex... no
checking for makeinfo... no
configure: WARNING: you cannot build info or HTML versions of the R manuals
checking for texi2dvi... no
checking for kpsewhich... no
checking for unzip... /usr/bin/unzip
checking for zip... /usr/bin/zip
checking for gzip... /bin/gzip
checking for bzip2... /bin/bzip2
checking for firefox... /usr/bin/firefox
using default browser ... /usr/bin/firefox
checking for acroread... no
checking for acroread4... no
checking for xdg-open... /usr/bin/xdg-open
checking for notangle... false
checking for pkg-config... /usr/bin/pkg-config
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... configure: error: in `/media/626CAD/androidnetbeans/R-3.0.0':
configure: error: cannot run C compiled programs.
If you meant to cross compile, use `--host'.
See `config.log' for more details

This occurs when I try to install R 3.0.

What shall I do?

Usually, after compiling a C file it creates an executable file with .exe extension which is not supported in any of the Linux flavours. Try creating an output file. Something like a.out, ie with .out extension. It might help.


How to safely shutdown Guest OS in VirtualBox using command line I have Ubuntu 10.10 and using VirtualBox 3.2. As a Guest OS I have another Ubuntu in the VirtualBox.

I am starting Guest Ubuntu automatically using following command once my Host Ubuntu boots:

VBoxHeadless -startvm Ubuntu --vrdp on

Then I can access to it with ssh or tsclient.

Now I need to shutdown automatically Guest Ubuntu once I shutdown my Host Ubuntu. Does anybody know any safe method to automatically shutdown Guest Ubuntu with a command line? I have found out two ways one can shutdown Guest OS but I am not sure whether they are safe or not. Here are they:

VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu acpipowerbutton

or

VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu poweroff

If you open up Gnome Power management preferences, you can set what actions to take when the power button. If you set it to shut down, it will shut down gracefully when you press the virtual power button with the VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu acpipowerbutton
 command.

I usually shutdown the VM (Linux) by

$ sudo shutdown -h now

I guess it is the most gracefull way of terminating the VM because it is shutdown (not poweroff) and provides grace time and (possiblly) the message to the login users.


Ubuntu 17.10 won't allow me to remote access my desktop via TeamViewer I have TeamViewer 12 installed on my a few computers around the office. On a Windows 10 machine, 2 Linux Mint ones, my mobile and Ubuntu 17.10. And I can access everything from everything except Ubuntu 17.10.

Every time I try to remote access Ubuntu's desktop all I get is:

ERROR

No connection to partner.
Partner did not connect to router.
Error code: Wait for network failed.

That, even though the Ubuntu PC is online and the TeamViewer client on it perfectly functional. I can have a meeting or a chat using teamviewer but it simply refuses to let me remote control the Ubuntu pc.

So to get this right, after Ubuntu devs broke the default state of several popular programs including Steam Client now they're breaking team viewer too? Just stop pushing users away from your own product.

But back to the topic:
Any idea about how I could get this fixed? I tried a few things including restarting daemon but nothing worked. Any advice aside replacing Ubuntu with Mint that I already have in mind would be most appreciated. Thank you!

At present Teamviewer does not support Wayland:

  At the moment, our developers are working on a Linux Native version for Linux but there's no release date or information about features included. I will forward your suggestion to support Wayland our product management team.

Until this was resolved we should switch back to Xorg:

How do you switch from Wayland back to Xorg in Ubuntu 17.10?

If you have SSH to connect to the Ubuntu system remotely try in the console:

sudo teamviewer daemon restart

You may set passwords 4 remote connection with:

sudo teamviewer --passwd [yourpassword]
sudo teamviewer --info - show you teamviewer ID


Themes & Icons not loading after logging in quickly So this is a funny one, I guess.

What am I running? Ubuntu 15.04 / Kernel 3.19

On what am I running? ASUS Zenbook ux303ln

As the title says, the theme and icon style, specified in the unity tweak tool won't be loaded, if, after startup, I log in TOO QUICKLY. If I wait a few seconds in the login screen, the screen briefly flickers and the theme and icon style correctly load upon logging in. If they didn't load and I log out and back in (or restart lightdm), they will also correctly load.

All the other tweak tool settings work, workspaces, hotcorners, all no problem, only themes and icons, strangely enough.

What I already tried, and didn't work were

unity --replace
compiz --replace

as well as

dconf reset -f /org/compiz

I played around with it a fair bit already, but didn't really find a solution so far. It's more a Quality of Life thing and nothing I will reinstall the system over (well .. maybe), but maybe anybody of you lot has an idea?

Cheers

Try changing line 4 of

/etc/xdg/autostart/unity-settings-daemon.desktop

to

Exec=bash -c "sleep 2; /usr/lib/unity-settings-daemon/unity-settings-daemon-localeexec"

This should give a couple of second to unity to think of what to do :D

Try restarting if this doesn't help try updating your computer or try sudo apt-get update this should update the repository that it is feeding from.


How to run commands if unity is not working? I'm running ubuntu 13.04 on a compaq pressario cq56. After system update unity and terminal will not load. I've read some forums on how to fix the unity problem but without terminal I can't use them, and I've found forums about the terminal issue but cannot fix it without software center which I cannot load.

I can go into root terminal from recovery mode but that seems to be ready only and will not let me install or modify files. Any help I can get to get unity or terminal back would be great. If this isn't possible I'll just try to copy some data to a flash drive and reinstall.

Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to go in tty1 and run whichever command you wish. To come back in tty7 (where the graphic environment is usually running), use Ctrl+Alt+F7.

You can try reinstalling the ubuntu desktop.
You can use Ctrl+Alt+F1
Enter your username then password

then you can do this to reinstall unity and terminal :)

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop


Change folder permissions and ownership I would like the user to have full rights on this folder (as well as all sub-directories and files in it):

~/.blabla

currently owned by root.

I have found numerous posts (in this forum and elsewhere) on how to do this for files but I can't find a way to do it for whole folders.

Use chown to change ownership and chmod to change rights.

As Paweł Karpiński said, use the -R option to apply the rights for all files inside of a directory too.

Note that both these commands just work for directories too. The -R option makes them also change the permissions for all files and directories inside of the directory.

For example

sudo chown -R username:group directory

will change ownership (both user and group) of all files and directories inside of directory and directory itself.

sudo chown username:group directory

will only change the permission of the folder directory but will leave the files and folders inside the directory alone.

As enzotib mentioned, you need to use sudo to change the ownership from root to yourself.

Edit:

Note that if you use chown <user>: <file> (Note the left-out group), it will use the default group for that user.

If you want to change only the group, you can use:

chown :<group> <file>

First chmod -R can mess up your system permissions if you do it on system file and directories by mistake.

Second chmod -R can mess up flags in those folders and is not a good idea to give permissions on some folders to all the users.

You should try and chown instead:

 sudo tree -fai ~/.blabla  | xargs -L1 -I{} sudo chown youruser:youruser {}


write to floppy under ubuntu 15.04 I cant write to floppy-disk!
Reading is ok..
But write does not do .. you are not the owner
Owner is root.

I am new with Linux/ubuntu
So please some detailed info what i should do.
Thanks in advance

Thanks for all lines to try.. but no one did work(OWNER REMAIND  ROOT)
found an solution occasional (just trying some lines from other questions containing the word  floppy)
1. put in floppy disk
2. in a terminal do the following line:
udisks --mount /dev/fd0
(ubuntu had to install udisks-- but did it without great noise)
after that-- i am the owner of the disk!!
write and read works!!
only fromat returns after some scratching on the disk with an time out error.
to change floppy::
1. unmount... udisks --unmount /dev/fd0
2. put in new floppy
3. mount... udisks --mount /dev/fd0

Type

sudo chmod -R 777 (location of your floppy disk mount point)

This makes you the owner.


How do I install fonts? Question says it all. I need them to be available in gimp.

Many fonts are packaged for Ubuntu and available via the "Fonts" category of the Ubuntu Software Center. If you prefer apt-get, search for packages starting with otf- or ttf-.

Font files that are placed in the hidden .fonts directory of your home folder will automatically be available (but /etc/fonts/fonts.conf indicates it will be removed soon.). You can also place them in the ~/.local/share/fonts directory on newer versions of Ubuntu per the comments below.

You can also double-click on the font file (or select Open with Font Viewer in the right-click menu). Then click the Install Font button.

If you need the fonts to be available system-wide, you'll need to copy them to /usr/local/share/fonts and reboot (or manually rebuild the font cache with fc-cache -f -v).

You can confirm they are installed correctly by running fc-list | grep "<name-of-font>"

You may need to restart some programs, like OpenOffice Writer, before they actually show the new fonts (usually such programs are caching the font list when they start up).

Edit: Changed advice to manually install into /usr/local/share/fonts instead of /usr/share/fonts to reflect comments and best practice.

I think the best way is to use gfinstall script, install it and you just say gfinstall whicheverFont and it will install it, you can also specify it to install locally (for the current user) or globally for all users
Edit: I made this script so that I don't have to download, copy and paste fonts each time


Finding URL to VirtualBox Ubuntu Apache2 server I am new to Ubuntu and have Apache2 running in a virtual box on my machine.  I am trying to access this server on my Windows machine..  I am assuming that I need to find the ipAddress and the port to access the server.

I have tried Identifying my IpAddress using the following

lfconfig

And then checking which port Apache is running

lsof -i etc..

I'm not really sure what all this information means.. But I am assuming that If I find the Ip Address and port I can navigate to it on my windows pc.  e.g. http://10.0.2.15:27017

Anyway I have tried just about every cominbation of ipAdress/port listed and can't figure it out.

Do I need to implement any port forwarding?  I found the following screen in my vm settings but don't know what to try from there.

Would appreciate any direction or guidance on how I can access the apache2 server.

There are a number of factors at play, mainly your Apache configuration and the network setup of your VM.

You are on the right track with the Apache setup, but I would use netstat to find the port your Apache is listening to:

gomo@wks120:~/$ sudo netstat -puant | grep apache | grep LISTEN
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1577/apache2
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:443             0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1577/apache2

This shows I have a process called apache2 with PID 1557 listening on port 80 and 443 on all interfaces (0.0.0.0).

For the network setup part, it depends on what type of networking you are using for your virtual machine (found in VirtualBox under each VM's Settings --> Network page. The most common options are either bridged or NAT.

Bridged means the VM will be granted access to the physical network your host computer is connected to. Things would work as if you plugged the VM onto the same switch your computer is plugged in to. You typically run virtualized servers this way.

NAT means a local network will be created just for your VMs. This is similar to how your average home router/wireless AP works: VMs can access outside networks (such as your LAN or the internet) but other computers can't reach your VMs.

All in all, set up bridged networking (restart the VM's network or the entire VM after changing this) and check your apache port. You should be able to connect without problems from your host machine.

Stop your VM and open its settings in the VirtualBox (OSE) Manager
Go to the Network tab
Select the network mode to host-only

Save the settings
Start the Ubuntu VM


No wifi with Broadcom 43142 - Ubuntu 16.04 After browsing the internet for several hours, trying to figure out how to fix the issue I am having, I come to you in desperate time of need.

I am currently using Ubuntu 16.04 and for some reason, I can't make the wifi work at all.

When I run:

  sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

I get the following:

Lecture des listes de paquets... Fait
Construction de l'arbre des dépendances
Lecture des informations d'état... Fait
Les NOUVEAUX paquets suivants seront installés :
  bcmwl-kernel-source
0 mis à jour, 1 nouvellement installés, 0 à enlever et 0 non mis à jour.
Il est nécessaire de prendre 0 o/1 515 ko dans les archives.
Après cette opération, 8 013 ko d'espace disque supplémentaires seront utilisés.
Sélection du paquet bcmwl-kernel-source précédemment désélectionné.
(Lecture de la base de données... 444582 fichiers et répertoires déjà installés.)
Préparation du dépaquetage de .../bcmwl-kernel-source_6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu8_amd64.deb ...
Dépaquetage de bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu8) ...
Paramétrage de bcmwl-kernel-source (6.30.223.248+bdcom-0ubuntu8) ...
Loading new bcmwl-6.30.223.248+bdcom DKMS files...
First Installation: checking all kernels...
Building only for 4.4.0-47-generic
Building for architecture x86_64
Building initial module for 4.4.0-47-generic
ERROR: Cannot create report: [Errno 17] File exists: '/var/crash/bcmwl-kernel-source.0.crash'
Error! Bad return status for module build on kernel: 4.4.0-47-generic (x86_64)
Consult /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/make.log for more information.
modprobe: FATAL: Module wl not found in directory /lib/modules/4.4.0-47-generic
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
Traitement des actions différées (« triggers ») pour initramfs-tools (0.122ubuntu8.5) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-47-generic

As you can see, the module wl is not found and I haven't found a single way to fix that issue.

Here are some more infos:

  lspci -knn | grep Net -A2

returns:

08:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
    DeviceName: Broadcom BCM43142 802.11bgn 1x1 WiFi Adapter + BT 4.0 combo adapter
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [103c:2230]

I am also booting in insecure mod.

I have installed Ubuntu with UEFI Bios using a flashdrive.

  cat /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/make.log

gives:

DKMS make.log for bcmwl-6.30.223.248+bdcom for kernel 4.4.0-47-generic (x86_64)
mercredi 9 novembre 2016, 22:00:56 (UTC+0100)
make : on entre dans le répertoire « /usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-47-generic »
Makefile:691: Cannot use CONFIG_CC_STACKPROTECTOR_STRONG: -fstack-protector-strong not supported by compiler
CFG80211 API is prefered for this kernel version
Using CFG80211 API
  LD      /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/built-in.o
  CC [M]  /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/src/shared/linux_osl.o
gcc: error: unrecognized command line option ‘-fstack-protector-strong’
scripts/Makefile.build:258 : la recette pour la cible « /var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/src/shared/linux_osl.o » a échouée
make[1]: *** [/var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build/src/shared/linux_osl.o] Erreur 1
Makefile:1418 : la recette pour la cible « _module_/var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build » a échouée
make: *** [_module_/var/lib/dkms/bcmwl/6.30.223.248+bdcom/build] Erreur 2
make : on quitte le répertoire « /usr/src/linux-headers-4.4.0-47-generic »

If you wouldn't solve your problem in another way, you can always install it from the source, which is described in second point.

How I installed my BCM4360 on Ubuntu 16.04 Xenial. We have the same card vendor, so just to make sure you haven't omitted any step.
The last resort aka building from source.

Ad. 1

sudo -i
apt update
apt upgrade
apt-get purge bcmwl-kernel-source
reboot

sudo -i
apt update
apt-get install build-essential    # Just to make sure if it's installed
update-pciids
apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source
reboot

# If it's still not working type:
# modprobe wl

After that I had list of available WiFi networks in network menu at top bar, but I had to check something like "All users can connect with this network" in Modify connections in the same drop-down menu.
(I think it's much more safe to use two separate steps purge & install rather than install --reinstall).

Ad. 2

If everything else would fail, you could always install the driver from source.
   Pretty good explanation is given here http://www.broadcom.com/docs/linux_sta/README.txt

Frankly, I've never done it before, because I've never had to and probably you also won't.

Better check that against this README, but the installation process should start like that:

sudo -i
apt-get install build-essential linux-headers-generic
#
# I'm not sure with this following line:
# apt-get build-dep linux-generic
#
mkdir hybrid_wl
cd hybrid_wl
[ `uname -m` == 'x86_64' ] && FILE='hybrid-v35_64-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_271.tar.gz' || FILE='hybrid-v35-nodebug-pcoem-6_30_223_271.tar.gz'
wget http://www.broadcom.com/docs/linux_sta/$FILE
tar -zxf $FILE
make clean
make
make install

The next steps depends on whether you're already using wl module, but in README they suggest checking

  /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/net/wireless

and on my computer I've found it in

  /lib/modules/`uname -r`/updates/dkms/wl.ko

Better check it with:

  sudo find / -name wl.ko

Looking at Broadcom official support site, it seems that version 6.30.223.271 downloaded above is the most up to date (compare it with 6.30.223.248 availabale in Xenial or even Yakkety repos).

The objective of the problem is to install wl Driver any how
Here is the solution:
Step 1: Remove bcmwl source package

  sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source

Step 2 : Remove bcm driver

  sudo modprobe -r bcma

Step 3: Download deb package from this link (https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+package/bcmwl-kernel-source) according to your architecture.

step 4: Navigate to the downloaded file location directory

  cd Downloads

step 5: Install the downloaded deb package

  dpkg -i *.deb

step 6: Reboot the system

  sudo reboot

Make sure you download the correct architecture package from those links listed at published version.
Thank you


Why does do-release-upgrade on 12.04 system not find 14.04.1 upgrade? I saw an article that 14.04.1 was released today so I went to update an LTS machine but it didn't find an update.

$ sudo do-release-upgrade
Checking for a new Ubuntu release
No new release found

$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS
Release:    12.04
Codename:   precise

What's the criteria for getting upgrades for LTS releases?

LTS releases are aimed at people who desire stability over the latest features.  For this reason we want to establish that the next LTS release is stable before its made available.

This happens with the first point i.e. When we release Ubuntu 14.04.1

This happened today 25 July 2014 as you can see from this release announcement on the fridge.

In the next few days you will start seeing an option to upgrade when you run the Update Manager.

There is no urgent need for you to update yet however.  Ubuntu 12.04 is supported till April 2017 and you can upgrade any time from when the Update manger first offers you 14.01 (some time in the next few days) till just before the current LTS release goes EOL.

To get Ubuntu 14.04.1

   sudo do-release-upgrade -d


How do I remove Tomboy without removing Gnome? I would like to remove Tomboy application, but when I run

apt-get remove tomboy

I get information that also gnome application will be removed. How can this be prevented?

Or maybe this could be achieved: how I can remove tomboy and keep all other packages that come with gnome?

There isn't any package named gnome. I think you meant ubuntu-desktop

Either your system does not have proper packages list. Do a
sudo apt-get update
to check if everything is in order

If the problem still comes, check what all are contained in the package. Chances are high that it is a metapackage. It means that a package which has multiple packages as it's dependencies.
Meta-packages don't contain anything. If you want to install say kubuntu on already existing ubuntu installation then all you need to do is to install kubuntu-desktop which will take care of the packages which need to be installed.

Now if you remove any single of the package which are dependency of that meta-package, then that meta-package is shown to be removed.

Don't worry, your whole gnome is not going to be removed. Only the meta-package is going to be unchecked as the dependency requirement for that package is not fulfilled.

I am not very much sure what the problem you are getting. Probably the solution I explained might not be the solution to your problem, nevertheless I thought it is good to explain what all problems can exist with the same symptoms.

You were very close initially to removing tomboy notes.
simply add sudo before your command and that should work.
I tested on my system and no more tomboy notes.

sudo apt-get remove tomboy


Script does not empty trash containing .deb files This script works with any file except .deb files?
Anyone know why?
#!/bin/bash
find /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/expunged/ -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/files/ -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /home/andy/.local/share/Trash/info/ -type f -exec rm {} \;
find /media/andy/MAXTOR_SDB2/.Trash-1000/files/ -type f -exec rm {} \;

Either a permissions issue, or there aren't any .deb files to empty. Not sure why you'd even need a script to empty the trash, unless you're deleting thousands of files an hour, when you can just click "empty trash".