How to run Windows Store Apps on Linux I am eager to run Windows Store apps (not regular Win32 applications) on my Kubuntu 18.10. Can I run it with Wine? If not, then how should I?

Best and perhaps the only way to make this happen is to create a VM with a windows box to run the apps. Because of how Microsoft has the Apps packaged, they are fundamentally different and there currently is no way to port them over to another OS, even with Wine.

Handy Resources here.

Maybe in the future Wine will integrate a feature for UWP apps. But I wouldn't hold my breath.

PlayOnLinux as a fronted wine compatibility layer can be used to run Windows App on Linux,
Also, CrossOver is yet another to run the Windows Apps on Linux.
But above all, there is be no better option than Dual Boot or VM as wine may have bugs and crashes while installation.


Sorry, Ubuntu 16.04 has experienced an internal error I just upgraded to 16.04 from 14.04 and I keep getting this error everytime I reboot my machine. How to resolve this issue? Is this a missing package issue?

Thanks

I don't know if this is related to your problem, but it look very similar.  Take a look at comment 7 in the below link for a possible work around.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/signon-ui/+bug/1235742

  There is a workaround to this problem that worked for me. From the
  terminal execute the following:

sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui
sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui-x11
sudo apt --reinstall install signon-ui-service
sudo reboot

Check the "Ignore future promlems of this type" in lower left corner, and press "Continue" in the lower right corner .. and answer further pop-up windows, if any. Your system will propably work okay now.

This is not due to missing packets or other thing you have done wrong. At some time this software error might be fixed.

Update your system to get fixes and security updates, open a terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T) and run:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

and reboot.


How to change the screen resolution when using RDesktop? How to change the screen resolution?

I type the command

 rdesktop "server ip"

but the screen does not appear large.

I like using rdesktop -g 90% servername, which will use set the size of the remote desktop to 90% of the size of your local screen, which works quite well regardless of resolution.. :)

oldSkool:

I think Ctrl + Alt + KP+  also cycles through some available resolutions.


SSH Permission denied (publickey) I am trying to connect to a Linode (running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS) from my local machine (also running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS)

I have created a private and public key on my local machine and copied my public key to my Linode's authorized_keys file.  However, whenever I try to ssh to my Linode I get the error message Permission denied (publickey).

It's not a problem with how ssh is set up on my Linode because I can ssh to it from my Windows machine using key authentication.

In my .ssh directory on my local Ubuntu machine, I have my id_rsa and id_rsa.pub files.  Do I need to create an authorized_keys file on my local machine?

EDIT:  This is what I get when I run ssh -vvv -i id_rsa [youruser]@[yourLinode]:

debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey
debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password
debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: id_rsa
debug3: send_pubkey_test
debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey
debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method
debug1: No more authentication methods to try.
Permission denied (publickey).

PubKeyAuthentication
Set up your client

Generate your key.
ssh-keygen

Configure ssh to use the key.
vim ~/.ssh/config

Copy your key to your server.
ssh-copy-id -i /path/to/key.pub SERVERNAME`

Your config file from step 2 should have something similar to the following:
Host SERVERNAME
Hostname ip-or-domain-of-server
User USERNAME
PubKeyAuthentication yes
IdentityFile ./path/to/key

You can add IdentitiesOnly yes to ensure ssh uses the specified IdentityFile and no other keyfiles during authentication. Setting IdentitiesOnly prevents failed authentications from occurring, when ssh would otherwise attempt to login with multiple keys.  Setting this is also considered more secure, as you're not leaking information about other keys you have installed, and maintaining separation of your keys between different levels of access.
Troubleshooting

use "-vvv" option
Make sure the server has your PUBLIC key (.pub).
Make sure your IdentiyFile points to your PRIVATE key.
Make sure your .ssh directory has 700 and the files within are 600 permissions.

ssh-keygen will create files and directories for you with the proper permissions

tail -f /var/log/auth.log (on the server) and monitor errors when you attempt to login
If you have many key files, try IdentitiesOnly yes to limit the authentication to use the single, specified key.

In my case the issue was caused by copying over an .ssh directory from an older machine. Turns out that my older SSH config was using DSA keys which have since been deprecated. Switching to a new pair of keys, this time RSA-based, solved the problem for me.


HDD light is showing disk usage very high at times. How to investigate? How should I go about investigating seemingly high disk usage?

From time to time the whole system crashes too - I think the high HDD reads/writes might be to blame.

Thanks

You might want to too look at the disk utility and take a look at the SMART Data, this gives you a good overall view of how healthy your disk is/isn't.

Did you skip creating a swap partition when you installed Ubuntu? If you did, add a new swap partition.

In GParted Format a partition as "linux-swap" and then right click swapon.

I had the same problem too, and this helped me.


I have to restart lightdm after run After starting the system, i've a black screen (without any screen backlight), then i have to switch to tty6 (ctrl+alt+f6), login and restart the lightdm:

sudo service lightdm restart

I'm using xfce.

1st Way to solve your issue:

Try to reconfigure lightdm (if it doesn't solve your issue then go for Alternate way mentioned below.)

Open terminal(CTRL+ALT+T) and execute following command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigre lightdm

Then chose lightdm from the list. As shown below:

(source: akamaihd.net)

Restart your system:

sudo reboot now

It  should fix your issue.

an alternate way, which would solve your issue. Give it a try.

Installing a new display manager can fix your problem. Steps to install GDM(a display manager much like lightdm):

Open terminal(CTRL+ALT+T) and execute following commands:

sudo apt-get install gdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

then chose gdm from the list:

(source: akamaihd.net)

    sudo reboot

If it's still not fixed, try removing lightdm after installing gdm:

sudo apt-get remove --purge lightdm
sudo reboot

Reply if something goes wrong..

If you are booting windows with ubuntu i have same problem then i tried everything referred from sites.finally nothing is worked for me. so one thing is worked for me.

do not choose the default ubuntu os.
click on advanced option for ubuntu
choose the os option like "Ubuntu 16.04 .....(Systemed)"

this will boot your ubuntu os normally. and it works for me also it saves your time to everytime restart lightdm service.


Which Ubuntu version is better? LTS or recently released version? Which Ubuntu version is better? LTS version or recently released version?

I have recently update to Ubuntu Mate 15.04 (old dual core 2.2Ghz 2Mb RAM x86 architecture). I have had a few issues with some applications, such as the Clementine music player related to codecs (not having the right ones and an easy fix). I also use the 64-bit version on a more recent laptop (dual boot with Windows 10), and no problems there. On both machines, faster speeds were noticed and I have had no stability related problems.

If you want to have a more stable version, I think LTS might be better, especially if you do not wish to update again soon (possibly). But that is the only advantage with LTS I can think of.

I did the same search on askubuntu and google before installing my system around a month back. Rather than opinion I will lay down my facts;

I used LTS versions so far 12.04 and 14 on my laptops without any
issue and with peace of mind that I am on long term release and would
not have to upgrade in near future.
I recently brought a new laptop (not cutting edge by any standard). Its a Lenovo-G40. My experience with 14.04 release was not good to a point that I did install Windows in dual boot. I dont know every search I did, pointed to the fact that 15.04 is not going to be useful (since the bug fixes etc are going to be back ported in 14.04 anyways , etc etc .
However I gave it a shot (15.04 , 64 bit version) , and I am just loving it - speed , graphics, overall comfort feeling.


Looking for a light weight website monitoring tool I am looking for a tool that can help me monitor the availability of my website.

Basically, I should input my website URL to the tool and it should monitor whether the site is up and send the feedback to my email. It should equally hang on the status menu (indicators).

I have done some research. I came across monitorix,nagios,... but they all are not that light.

Does such a tool exists, if so can I have their links?

If you want a very basic ping test to check availability could you not write a very simple PHP/Bash program to monitor such things?

You could either ping in bash or use a method like the one describe in this answer for PHP. If it successfully pings / connects to the host send an email (Send emails with PHP) or write a log text file.

I find writing my own scripts for certain small tasks (don't re-invent the wheel) helps make me a better programmer & gives the exact output I want (instead of bending to somebody else's way), I will follow this up with a PHP script if required, but just throwing an idea out there!

If you write a small script to ping your website and then add that script to indicator-sysmonitor.


Itunes black screen issue I’ve just downloaded iTunes on my Ubuntu and it’s working but it appears as a black screen  any ideas how to fix it?

I am on Manjaro and just got the same problem. Tried different versions and installers - including ones specifically for windows 8, cause the newer ones complained that I need windows 10.
The final one that I managed to install successfully was version 12.9.5.7. I downloaded it from downloads.digitaltrends.com/itunes/windows.
(Strongly hope there is no virus in it :D ...)
Also worth mentioning is that actually I need it for deploying flutter testing apps to an old iPhone that I have ... I don't want it for listening music.
But anyway - hope this version works for you too.

You have to use iTunes version 12.9.3 and older (32-bit). It doesn't work with newer versions of iTunes.

I highly recommend using the installation procedure described here:

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1SVgGX9x1hWZzyhEJs5_7UH1K5i7Cuz6B2iuIwm40VrQ


'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xed when running sudo update-command-not-found As the question above, when I try to run sudo update-command-not-found, I get this error

    Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/sbin/update-command-not-found", line 26, in <module>
    col.create(db)
  File "/usr/share/command-not-found/CommandNotFound/db/creator.py", line 94, in create
    self._fill_commands(con)
  File "/usr/share/command-not-found/CommandNotFound/db/creator.py", line 132, in _fill_commands
    self._parse_single_contents_file(con, f, fp.stdout)
  File "/usr/share/command-not-found/CommandNotFound/db/creator.py", line 228, in _parse_single_contents_file
    l = l.decode("utf-8")
UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte 0xed in position 15: invalid continuation byte

I've tried so many ways to get rid of this. The problems seemed to be down to the 'utf-8' issue. Any ideas?

Just for anyone with a similar problems, the easiest solution is:
LC_ALL=C.UTF-8 update-command-not-found

And this works for a lot of similar UTF-8 issues related to any kind of installs. Beleave me!

I have the same problem on a Raspberry Pi after moving from Raspbian stretch to Raspbian buster.
In my case, the root cause is that the apt tool changed the format of files stored in /var/lib/apt/lists/*Contents* and these are now encoded using the .lz4 format. Therfore the update-command-not-found command can't read them any longer.
This can probably be solved by a new version of "command-not-found" tool (https://code.launchpad.net/command-not-found)


How do I find out the model of my graphics card? I would like to know the model of my graphics card. I think it may be an ATI, but I want to be sure!

I have Ubuntu 11.10 (32 bit) and an Asus A6 VA laptop.

Open up "Terminal", and type: lspci | grep VGA

There, you'll find your GPU card's model.

If you want to detect your graphic card from Ubuntu Desktop, try this:

Click on User menu at the top right corner on the top Menu bar
Select System Settings
Click on Details.
By default you should see your graphic information. Take look at this example image.

Note: This answer was done in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS version.


How to make partitions mount at startup? How do you make HDDs and partitions mount at startup on Ubuntu?

I always keep my media and data files on separate partitions - one 2tb HDD and a 400 odd gig partition.  I have been trying to swap the default folder location for the home directory to my other drives.

It works when I change the /home/user_name/.config/user-dirs.dirs file to the directories I want, but only until I reboot the system. I am only assuming that the drives not mounting is the problem with it, but it would be helpful either way.  If any one knows another reason for why the directories change back to default each time that would be good also.

GUI Method (recommended for newbies) - The Disks program will automatically edit /etc/fstab for you and not break anything. Type disks on the launcher or gnome-disks in the terminal start the Disks application.

Select Drive, then partition, then use More actions (cogs icon) button to access 'Edit Mount Options' menu. Turn off User Defaults because you would not be here if it was really set to automount. The rest should be obvious.

All the answers use a GUI tool, or /etc/fstab. My problem with these is that I run headless servers (no GUI) and, most importantly, that I am usually mounting secondary USB hard-drives, where fstab will prevent your system from booting up if the drive is missing, damaged, etc. This has happened to me in the past, and it has left stranded otherwise perfectly functioning systems.
My solution is to use cron. In particular, add this line to your crontab -e with the specific info of your system.
@reboot mount /dev/sdX /mnt/my-usb/

Warning: this relies on /dev/sdX to remain unchanged through reboots, which is not guaranteed. In other words, the drive under /dev/sda might become /dev/sdb on the next boot. But in my non-professional setting, it's been working.
If you need more reliability, you can create a shell or python script to search for the right /dev/sdX based on the serial number, and then mount it, and execute the script with cron and the @reboot trigger.


Why doesn't Gnome3 work even after trying all these workarounds? I was a huge fan of Gnome-shell, much better than Unity-shell, but I'm unable to run it since a few weeks. When I try to log in with Gnome-shell session, I'm able to see only the background image. None of startup apps appear, nor top panel.

If I start Unity session and type in Ctrl+Alt+F1 terminal:

user@home-PC:~$ gnome-shell --replace
Window manager error: Unable to open X display

or in gnome-terminal after:

user@home-PC:~$ gnome-shell --replace
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

it freezes until I type unity/gnome-panel --replace in Ctrl+Alt+F1 terminal.

EDIT vol. 2.0:

THERE IS THE SOLUTION:

I found what was the problem. Actually very simple, but never met this before. The PPA had two versions, first one, the normal 3.4, but the second one was 3.5 or even higher, which does not work on Ubuntu 12.04. I've checked mine with:

gnome-shell --version

So the only thing I had to do is to select the correct version to install, then everything works fine. Thanks for the help. :)

EDIT:

I reset my Gnome-shell settings following steps from here:

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity .cache .dbus .dmrc .mission-control .thumbnails ~/.config/dconf/user ~.compiz*

and right after it:

gnome-shell --display=:0 --replace

and it worked fine, even after rebooting.

After that I added some ppa-s and installed some gnome-shell-extensions and gnome-tweak-tool and rebooted. After trying to login, Gnome-shell crashed again, this time in terminal:

user@home-PC:~$ gnome-shell --replace
(gnome-shell:4067): GLib-GIO-ERROR **: Settings schema 'org.gnome.desktop.a11y.magnifier' does not contain a key named 'invert-lightness'
Trace/breakpoint trap (core dumped)

So I need help again. :(

BEFORE EDIT:

I've tried several things:

Renaming ".gconf" in user "Home".
DISPLAY=:0 gnome-shell --replace

STATUS: still not working Gnome3.

purge fglrx:

sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh
sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev* xorg-driver-fglrx
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup

and reinstall it via Graphic interface or using this.

STATUS: still not working Gnome3.

purge gnome-shell:

sudo apt-get purge alacarte cups-pk-helper gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-caribou-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 gir1.2-coglpango-1.0 gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-gconf-2.0 gir1.2-gdesktopenums-3.0 gir1.2-gee-1.0 gir1.2-gjsdbus-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-json-1.0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 gir1.2-panelapplet-4.0 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-xkl-1.0 gjs gnome-applets gnome-applets-data gnome-contacts gnome-icon-theme-full gnome-panel gnome-panel-data gnome-session-fallback gnome-shell gnome-shell-common gnome-themes-standard indicator-applet-complete libcaribou-common libcaribou0 libclutter-1.0-0 libclutter-1.0-common libcogl-common libcogl-pango0 libcogl9 libgjs0c libmozjs185-1.0 libmutter0 libpanel-applet-4-0 mutter-common python-gmenu

and reinstall gnome-shell:

sudo apt-get install gnome-shell

STATUS: still not working Gnome3.

One of my biggest mistakes:
purge and reinstall all gnome* packages - doesn't work, even I lost some apps, now Unity and Gnome-panel work fine, except Gnome3

STATUS: still not working Gnome3.

reinstalling all available Ubuntu packages:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh -a

returns:

** (accounts-daemon:7108): WARNING **: Failed to acquire org.freedesktop.Accounts
** (accounts-daemon:7108): WARNING **: Could not acquire name

and after 30-40 minutes the finished.

STATUS: still not working Gnome3.

So I hope anybody help me, I love Gnome-shell, but I'm disabled to use it. Thanks in advance. :)

Let's try resetting GNOME settings to the default and see if that helps.

How do I reset GNOME to the defaults?

I am guessing one of the configuration files in your home directory is causing these problems and removing them would possibly work for you.

I've solved my problem. Version compatibility. Check in my first post above. :)


16.04 won't connect to wifi on Acer Aspire with BCM43227 Decided to put an SSD in my old Acer Aspire laptop which was running Ubuntu 16.04 with no problems. Did a new install, couldn't see wifi networks and eventually went through System settings>Software & updates>Additional drivers and downloaded the Broadcom 802.11 linux driver. Now I can see wifi networks but can't connect to my network.

$ rfkill list details

0: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

1: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

2: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

$ lspci  -knn | grep Net -A2 details

02:00.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Broadcom Corporation NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe [14e4:16b5] (rev 10)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] NetLink BCM57785 Gigabit Ethernet PCIe [1025:0504]
    Kernel driver in use: tg3
    Kernel modules: tg3

--
03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43227 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4358]
    Subsystem: Foxconn International, Inc. BCM43227 802.11b/g/n [105b:e040]
    Kernel driver in use: wl

Hope someone can help me get connected before I have to put my old HDD back....

@user68186 is correct. Follow his link to that answer and follow the instructions carefully. You cited a new install - I can tell you from personal experience that another installation will require installing the Broadcom drivers again. I went from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS to Xubuntu 16.04 LTS (getting the results I wanted). I did have to install drivers for my Broadcom wireless device again as well. Your SSD addition is not the problem and so no need to return to the HDD. Just reinstall the drivers (I actually saved the answer to my documents folder and would recommend that as well.


18.04 ctrl+shift to change language Can I use Ctrl+Shift for changing languages? I can't set this hotkey for changing keyboard languages.

At this moment Alt+Shift switch languages, but I can't see this hotkey in keyboard hotkeys list or in

gsettings list-recursively  org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings | sort | more

output.

You can set such keyboard shortcut as follows:

On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, 20.04 LTS, 20.10 and 21.04 with GNOME desktop from GNOME Tweaks.

Install it
 sudo apt-get install gnome-tweaks

Then open GNOME Tweaks (gnome-tweaks).

Select Keyboard & Mouse tab

Click Additional Layout Options button

Expand Switching to another layout

Select Ctrl + Shift here

See screenshot below:

Or simply:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options \
  "['grp:ctrl_shift_toggle']"

If you do not like Super + Space and Shift+Super+Space you can disable them with
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source "['']"
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings switch-input-source-backward  "['']"
gsettings set org.freedesktop.ibus.general.hotkey triggers "['']"

Note: you will face interference problem as Ctrl+Shift+T in GNOME Terminal will switch language at once with opening new tab. It is known bug 1683383.

On Ubuntu MATE 18.04 LTS and newer versions this is possible from mate-keyboard-properties:

Open MATE Control Center
Click Keyboard
Go to Layouts tab
Click Options
Expand Switching to another layout
Select Ctrl + Shift here

See screenshot below:

Or simply:
gsettings set org.mate.peripherals-keyboard-xkb.kbd options \
      "['grp\tgrp:ctrl_shift_toggle']"

Note: here bug 1683383 is fixed by packages from my PPA :
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nrbrtx/xorg-hotkeys
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

So Ctrl + Shift keyboard layout switcher will work normally on MATE DE after applying patch from ArchLinux AUR "for freedesktop bug 865 (need to kick hotkeys on release, not press)".

Warranty disclaimer: packages were tested in

16.04 LTS with HWE (Unity, MATE, Xfce)
18.04 LTS (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Xfce)
18.10 (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Xfce)
19.04 (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Unity, Xfce).
19.10 (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Unity, Xfce)
20.04 LTS (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Unity, Xfce)
20.10 (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Unity, Xfce)
21.04 (Cinnamon, KDE, MATE, Xfce)

However other desktops may have issues even after applying the patch.
These packages do not fix problems for GNOME Shell (18.04 LTS, 18.10, 19.04, 19.10, 20.04 LTS, 20.10 and 21.04) and Unity (in 18.04 LTS and 18.10).

If you are interested you can participate in poll and discussion on community.ubuntu.com.

I found a partial workaround based on other answers for using Ctrl+Shift and shortcuts for GNOME in Ubuntu 18.04:

Install GNOME Tweaks as proposed in N0rbert's anwser:

sudo apt install gnome-tweaks

then:

run it;
open "Keyboard & Mouse" tab;
click "Additional Layout Options" button;
instead of selecting Ctrl+Shift key combination in "Switching to another layout" of "Additional Layout Options" window simply untick all checkboxes:

Open "Settings" application from "Show applications" menu at the left bottom corner. Alternatively run a command in terminal:

gnome-control-center

then

go to "Devices" > "Keyboard" tab;
scroll to "Typing" group;
set shortcuts for "Switch to next input source" and "Switch to previous input source" (an order of keys DOES MATTER!!!):

If setting Ctrl+Shift or Shift+Ctrl shortcuts is impossible using this dialog (as it was in my case), then you can change these parameters in an alternative way:

install dconf-editor:

sudo apt install dconf-editor

run it from terminal:

dconf-editor

go to org > gnome > desktop > wm > keybindings;
select switch-input-source or switch-input-source-backward;
switch off "Use default value" and input "Custom Value": <Control>Shift_L for changing layout with Ctrl+Shift or <Shift>Control_L — for changing layout with Shift+Ctrl:

Another way is to use gsettings set console command as proposed here:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.wm.keybindings \
switch-input-source "['<Control>Shift_L']"

A limitation of this solution is that an order of keys pressed is important. If you set Ctrl+Shift to change keyboard layout then it will work only when you press Ctrl key first, and then Shift key. Pressing Shift key first and Ctrl after will not work in this case. But this fact allows to use shortcuts containing Shift and Ctrl keys combination in different applications , for example:

Shift+Ctrl+T to open new tab in Terminal;
Shift+Ctrl+E to export image in Gimp;
Shift+Ctrl+F to open search dialog in WebStorm/PhpStorm.


Is it possible to "upgrade" from a 32bit to a 64bit installation? As per title, I wish to know if I can, after a successful 32bit setup and consequent software installations, update to a 64bit version.

I know how to partition (actually one of the solutions is to set /, /etc, /home, /var/www, and /opt as separate partitions) and I know that a clean install is way better than a dirty one, yet I would like to know if/how it's possible to do that.

You will find a  clean install a lot less hassle than any other unusual, obscure, unsupported method.

Your suggest of partitioning the config files, home directories, etc is probably the best idea, and it is possible to install the same packages on a clean install as on another install.

On the other hand, what you requested is possible, there is a little guide for Debian based systems but remember "this really is for professional-level sysadmins" and "this procedure is, in every possible respect, a bad idea. If it eats your firstborn, please don't come crying to me"... (so good luck)

You need to do a fresh install with the 64bit version of Ubuntu.   It is possible to have 32bit windows and 64bit Ubuntu, as long as they are not sharing the same disk or partition, for obvious reasons.   Refer to the documentation for howto on dual-booting.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/WindowsDualBoot

It is important that the CPU on the machine you're installing onto supports 64bit instruction set (which most modern CPUs should by now)


rsync over ssh "error in protocol data stream" (code 12). ssh works I tried:

rsync -v -v -e 'ssh -p YY' ./testfile me@XXXXX:/home

Error Message

opening connection using: ssh -p YY -l me 146.6.84.206 rsync ->-server -vvve.s . /home
[sender] make_file(testfile,*,0)
send_file_list done
send_files starting
server_recv(2) starting pid=17537
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (9 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(600)[sender=3.0.6]
_exit_cleanup(code=12, file=io.c, line=600): about to call exit(12)

This works fine:

ssh -p YY me@XXXXX

Which suggests to me the problem is neither that sshd is not running nor that port YY is firewalled. I have checked anyway.

What other problems could there be?

EDIT:
The problem seems to have been "self resolving." I could not replicate the following day. I started my local computer up. Perhaps notably I had a different IP address than last time. And now rsync magically works. I'd appreciate guesses as to what it could have been in light of it going away.

You can also get this error if you specify a remote path that doesn't exist.

I got this error on OS X:

$ rsync -avz public/ static:apps/myapp.com
building file list ... done
rsync: connection unexpectedly closed (8 bytes received so far) [sender]
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at /BuildRoot/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/rsync/rsync-47/rsync/io.c(453) [sender=2.6.9]

Turned it was simply a matter of mistyping the destination path. The apps dir didn't exist. When I changed that to static:sites/myapp.com instead (the sites dir did exist), the error went away.

It's fine if the final directory in the path doesn't exist (I could do static:sites/mynewapp.com) but it appears any preceding directory must already exist.

I was seeing this error:

rsync -e 'ssh -v'

debug1: Exit status 11

...

rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at /BuildRoot
/Library/Caches/com.apple.xbs/Sources/rsync/rsync-51/rsync/io.c(453)
[sender=2.6.9]

I was able to ssh into the remote host and found that it was out of disk space.


ubuntu not logging in i am using ubuntu 11.10 and i once i logged in and the screen flashed for a sec and came back to the same screen it is happening again and again.
i put the ubuntu cd and almost reinstalled it while i got this thought "lets try again"
i tried again and luckly it came.
i immediately came here without another log off and asked you guys.
how do i correct it such that i wont be having problems in future?????

Thanks Ryan McClure!! I had the same logging in problem and it worked for me!!

I had the same problem as rakshith after when ubuntu hung-up while using firefox.I tried many times, but the same log-in screen flashed again and again. After reading this post, i tried Ctrl+Alt+F1 and deleted the .Xauthority file, rebooted it and my next log-in succesfully brought up the GUI.

You might have deleted the user's directory inside /home.

Press Ctrl+Alt+F2

ls /home

If you don't see any directory then create a directory of your username.

sudo mkdir /home/<username>

Press Ctrl+Alt+F7 to go back to the login screen.

That's it.


Ubuntu runs slow on netbook, how to remove and install xubuntu? I got an old Dell Inspiron 700m with the intent of learning about computers. I replaced the stock hard drive with a 120gb and upgraded the ram to 2gb. It took a while, but after figuring out the CPU could only handle 32bit I managed to get 32bit Ubuntu installed via DVD boot disk burned from a windows 8 computer.

However, it is very slow, typing lags and opening applications is very slow and not smooth. I'm thinking that my little laptop has trouble keeping up with Ubuntu and that I should switch to Xubuntu.

If I understand correctly, Xubuntu operates on a XFCE Desktop Environment. I managed to find the Xubuntu iso but cannot figure out how to create a bootable disk (working from the ubuntu laptop).

Any recommendations on how to get Xubuntu loaded, or any other recommendations ?

I'm a newby to all of this and I would appreciate as much description of terms and processes as possible, since I'm doing this to learn as much as possible.

You don't need to do a complete removal to install Xubuntu desktop environment, if you want to refuse from Unity at all just do the following:

sudo apt-get remove --purge ubuntu-desktop

sudo apt-get remove --purge unity

To do more thorough purge:

sudo apt-get remove --purge unity*

The last one might remove Nautilus too, xfce uses Thunar by default but if you're planning on using it again after you install xubuntu-desktop just run:

sudo apt-get install nautilus

To set it as default you can run:

exo-preferred-applications

And choose Nautilus as prefered one. Next install xfce:

sudo apt-get install xubuntu-desktop xfce4

After all of this you'll see improvements in speed but you might need also to configure it a bit as it's a different desktop environment and some applications like Ubuntu Tweak tool will not function that much as in Unity.

At the end you can run:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo apt-get autoremove

Just to do a cleanup if any.

You can try to install XFCE using the xubuntu-desktop package. Using, APT (the ubuntu package manager), you would do :

 apt-get install xubuntu-desktop

But I would recommend you to do a fresh-install.
If you want to create an USB stick with the Xubuntu iso you can use the dd command.

dd is used to dump data from a block peripheral from another one, here is an example (where /dev/sdb is the block peripheral representing the USB key):

 dd if=/path/to/image.iso of=/dev/sdb

XFCE is, indeed, more lightweight. But since you're on a very old configuration I would recommend you to give Lubuntu a shot. It's based upon  LXDE which is really lightweight.


Ubuntu 18.04 software-properties-gtk failing with org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown Problem:
tim@ubuntu:~$ software-properties-gtk
ERROR:dbus.proxies:Introspect error on :1.103:/: dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NoReply: Message recipient disconnected from message bus without replying
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/software-properties-gtk", line 100, in <module>
    app = SoftwarePropertiesGtk(datadir=options.data_dir, options=options, file=file)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/gtk/SoftwarePropertiesGtk.py", line 172, in __init__
    self.backend.Reload();
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 70, in __call__
    return self._proxy_method(*args, **keywords)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 145, in __call__
    **keywords)
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/dbus/connection.py", line 651, in call_blocking
    message, timeout)
dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name :1.103 was not provided by any .service files
tim@ubuntu:~$

The "name" value increments each time I try.
I have tried purging and reinstalling dbus
e.g.
 sudo aptitude reinstall apt apt-utils aptdaemon aptdaemon-data update-manager update-manager-core dbus

But to no avail.
This is a Xubuntu 18.04 install which until now has given no problems.
more info:
journalctl -e

gives the following output:
06 17:41:56 ubuntu earlyoom[810]: mem avail:  6439 of  7950 MiB (80 %), swap free: 3975 of 3975 MiB (100 %)
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu dbus-daemon[723]: [system] Activating service name='com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties' requested by ':1.97' (uid=1000 pid=5778 comm="/usr/bin/python3 /usr/bi
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]: Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu dbus-daemon[723]: [system] Successfully activated service 'com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties'
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]: Traceback (most recent call last):
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:   File "/usr/lib/software-properties/software-properties-dbus", line 68, in <module>
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:     server = SoftwarePropertiesDBus(bus, datadir=datadir)
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/dbus/SoftwarePropertiesDBus.py", line 66, in __init__
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:     self._livepatch_service = LivepatchService()
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:   File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/LivepatchService.py", line 93, in __init__
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]:     self._session = requests_unixsocket.Session()
Sep 06 17:41:57 ubuntu com.ubuntu.SoftwareProperties[723]: NameError: name 'requests_unixsocket' is not defined

It turns out that import requests_unixsocket was failing in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/softwareproperties/LivepatchService.py because

 try:
     import dateutil.parser
     import requests_unixsocket

     gi.require_version('Snapd', '1')
     from gi.repository import Snapd
 except(ImportError, ValueError):
     pass

and it was dateutil.parser not importing with an error that module six was not present.
The package python3-six was installed (so my package manager said).
when I reinstalled this package, software-properties-gtk worked again.

sudo apt purge software-properties-gtk
sudo apt autoremove
sudo apt update
sudo apt install software-properties-gtk
sudo software-properties-gtk

I had same problem and i reinstall software-properties-gtk and my problem fixed


How to read complete line in 'for' loop with spaces I am trying to run a for loop for file and I want to display whole line.
But instead its displaying last word only. I want the complete line.

for j in `cat ./file_wget_med`

do
echo $j

done

result after run:

Found.

Here is my data:

$ cat file_wget_med
2013-09-11 14:27:03 ERROR 404: Not Found.

for loop splits when it sees any whitespace like space, tab, or newline. So, you should use IFS (Internal Field Separator):

IFS=$'\n'       # make newlines the only separator
for j in $(cat ./file_wget_med)
do
    echo "$j"
done
# Note: IFS needs to be reset to default!

Dandalf got real close to a functional solution, but one should NOT EVER be trying to assign the result of unknown amounts of input (i.e. find ~/.gdfuse -name '*') to variables! Or, at least be trying to do such a thing via an array variable; if you insist on being so lazy! So, here's Dandalf's solution done without the dangerous maneuver; and in all in one line

while read -r fname; do
  echo $fname;
done <<< `find ~/.gdfuse -name '*'


openafs-client fails to upgrade on newest kernel 3.13.0-32 (ubuntu 12.04) This morning my Ubuntu told me to do some updates, then in the end I had a msg that I should also do some HW support updates. And so I did.

During the upgrade I saw there was some problems with the openafs-client. After restarting the puter openafs-client didn't work. After rebooting on the previous version openafs-client works, but what should I do to get it working on the latest kernel 3.13.0-32?

Some facts:

uname -a :

Linux RD0022805 3.13.0-32-generic #57~precise1-Ubuntu SMP Tue Jul 15 03:50:54 UTC 2014 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

Message when I do service openafs-client start:

*AFS module /lib/modules/3.13.0-32-generic/fs/openafs.ko does not exist.
Not starting AFS.  Please consider building kernel modules using
instructions in /usr/share/doc/openafs-client/README.modules*

Maybe I only have to get the missing lib module to get it working?

If so, how do I do that?

I solved this problem by installing the openafs PPA from https://launchpad.net/~openafs/+archive/ubuntu/stable and starting openafs:

sudo /etc/init.d/openafs-client start


Ubuntu graphics issue on VMware I installed Ubuntu 13.04 on VMware Workstation. All is good, except that there's this graphics issue with the Launcher and the top bar; the buttons do work, however.

I downloaded CCSM for a try, but couldn't go further with any of the options. Could anyone help please?

This is an Inspiron 1525 with Intel graphics.

Thanks

Fixed by turning off 3D Accerelation in VM settings, but it's incredibly slow now.


How do I set the native resolution on an HP Mini 210-1004sa? FYI: My Netbook model is HP Mini 210-1004sa, which comes with Intel Graphics Media Accelerator 3150, and has a display 10.1" Active Matrix Colour TFT 1024 x 600.

I recently removed Windows 7 Starter from my netbook, and replaced it with Ubuntu 12.10.

The problem is the OS doesn't seem to recognise the native display resolution of 1024x600 i.e. the bottom bits of Ubuntu is hidden beneath the screen & the only 2 available resolutions are: the default 1024x768 and 800x600.

I've also thought about replacing Ubuntu with Lubuntu or Puppy Linux, as the system does run a bit slow, but I can't, as then I won't be able to access the taskbar and application menu which will be hidden beneath the screen. Only Ubuntu with Unity is currently usable, as the Unity Launcher is visible enough.

I was able to define a custom resolution 1024x600 using the Q&A:

How set my monitor resolution?

but when I set that resolution, there appears a black band at the top of the screen and the desktop area is lowered, with bits of it hidden beneath the screen. I tried leaving it at this new resolution and restarting the system to see if the black band would disappear & the display will fit correctly, but it gets reset to 1024x768 at startup and displays following error:

Could not apply the stored configuration for monitors

none of the selected modes were compatible with the possible modes:

Trying modes for CRTC 63
CRTC 63: trying mode 800x600@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 63: trying mode 800x600@56Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 63: trying mode 640x480@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 63: trying mode 1024x768@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 63: trying mode 800x600@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 63: trying mode 800x600@56Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 63: trying mode 640x480@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
Trying modes for CRTC 64
CRTC 64: trying mode 1024x768@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 64: trying mode 800x600@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 64: trying mode 800x600@56Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 64: trying mode 640x480@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 0)
CRTC 64: trying mode 1024x768@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 64: trying mode 800x600@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 64: trying mode 800x600@56Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)
CRTC 64: trying mode 640x480@60Hz with output at 1024x600@60Hz (pass 1)

Update

Making progress!

I tried setting nomodeset, i915.modeset=1, and i915.modeset=0, respectively; in Grub.

With nomodeset in Grub, I can now see, and permanently set the 1024x600 resolution I created much earlier without any errors. However, the display is squished, and the bottom bit of the OS is still hidden beneath the screen, & I think it has something to do with aspect ratio. I think it might have something to do with the fact that 1024x600 is the only mode with aspect ratio set to 16:9. How do I change it to 4:3 so it fits?

Though slightly insignificant, it is worth saying that with nomodeset enabled, the OS graphics is a bit slower.

Hi I was just wondering have you tried adding "nomodeset" to grub?

Here is a good reference -> How to set NOMODESET and other kernel boot options in grub2

Let me know how you get on :-)

Install gnome 3 by going to ubuntu software center and installing gnome shell(if you want all the programs that come with Gnome, install Gnome desktop instead of gnome shell) Since gnome has only top panel in the usual view, resolution won't be a problem. Make sure to select GDM as display manager when the system asks you.


Find and replace text within a file using commands How can I find and replace specific words in a text file using command line?

sed -i 's/original/new/g' file.txt

Explanation:

sed = Stream EDitor
-i = in-place (i.e. save back to the original file)
The command string:

s = the substitute command
original = a regular expression describing the word to replace (or just the word itself)
new = the text to replace it with
g = global (i.e. replace all and not just the first occurrence)

file.txt = the file name

You can do like this:

locate <part of filaname to locate> | xargs sed -i -e "s/<Old text>/<new text>/g"

Examples:
to replace all occurrences [logdir', ''] (without [] ) with [logdir', os.getcwd()] in all files that are result of locate command, do:

ex1:

locate tensorboard/program.py | xargs sed -i -e "s/old_text/NewText/g"

ex2:

locate tensorboard/program.py | xargs sed -i -e "s/logdir', ''/logdir', os.getcwd()/g"

where [tensorboard/program.py] is file to search


ONIX metadata editor for Ubuntu There is widely used metadata system in book industry called ONIX for Books. Basically, ONIX metadata is just XML file.

There are some commercial solutions for Windows and Mac OS X like ONIX EDIT or ONIX SUITE that have GUI for editing such metadata.

Is there any Ubuntu software that allows to edit ONIX metadata either by GUI or command line?

ONIXEDIT now offers a new service called ONIXEDIT Cloud. With this web application, you can manage your ONIX metadata with any browser and from any platform. You can also give it a try with a free 10 days trial.


Why does apt-get fail to install the python-gasp package? when I try to install gasp in Ubuntu 12.04 LTS the following error occurs.

student@student-25:~$ sudo apt-get install python-gasp

[sudo] password for student:

Reading package lists... Done

Building dependency tree

Reading state information... Done

E: Unable to locate package python-gasp

any help ,please?

Your system is not using the "Universe" repositories.  You need to enable the Universe repositories to get python-gasp.

This answer here will explain how to enable those repositories graphically.  Once you've enabled them and updated your system with apt-get, you should be able to find that package.

If you are on a command-line-only setup, then I will give you a set of commands to run here, courtesy of bodhi.zazen's answer here.

(1) Edit /etc/apt/sources.list with any editor with superuser powers (for command line, I recommend sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list, for graphical, gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list).

(2) Modify your sources.list file to look similar to this:

###### Ubuntu Main Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise main universe

###### Ubuntu Update Repos
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-security main universe
deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ precise-updates main universe

While this does not put the "Multiverse" repositories in (non-free software), you do not necessarily need Multiverse (if you want it, add "multiverse" to the end of each of the deb lines above.)  For whatever archive is there in your current sources.list, use that one instead of the us archives, I'm in the US so I have that in this.

(3) sudo apt-get update to update the repository information

(4) sudo apt-get install python-gasp should now work.

By typing apt-get install you are looking for the package using synaptic package manager.Your output message clearly shows that the package you are looking for doesn't exist in the program.

You have to download the source file of the package and install it.

Download your package from here

Information on how to install a tar.gz file


Ubuntu 18.04 not shutting down or rebooting on MSI laptop I've got MSI gp62m 7rex leopard pro laptop with Ubuntu 18.04 installed on it, running Cinnamon 3.6.7 with GDM3 3.28.0. It's not shutting down, this appears in the logs:

https://i.imgur.com/AthA1Pu.jpg

I guess it's not because of the KVM, i tried unloading it with rmmod before shutting down, then it freezes on 'Detaching DM devices'.

Graphic drivers are nvidia 390.48, my FS structre:

sda                                 119,2G
├─sda1                  vfat          512M /boot/efi
├─sda2                  ext4          732M /boot
└─sda3                  crypto_LUKS   118G
  └─sda3_crypt          LVM2_member   118G
    ├─ubuntu--vg-root   ext4          117G /
    └─ubuntu--vg-swap_1 swap          976M [SWAP]
sdb                                 931,5G
└─sdb1                  crypto_LUKS 931,5G
  └─home_drive          ext4        931,5G /home

I also tried removing 'quiet splash' from the /etc/default/grub, didn't do anything.

For me it came from nvidia drivers. I had to put acpi=off in grub options and remove all nvidia driver related installation. For some reason i got problems with a similar laptop (high end msi and asus, with gtx 1050 for both) on ubuntu 16.04 and 18.04, but on 17.10 it works just fine out of the box.

Hope it helps and maybe give you a backup solution

I found this link very useful and it worked!! My MSI gaming laptop was not rebooting for many times. I tried changing many parameters in quiet splash. Nothing worked.. Finally the below link came to my rescue.
https://gist.github.com/mari-linhares/cef4cb3440408e44963d1447a7db5ae0Installing Ubuntu 18.04

  Get Image

  https://tutorials.ubuntu.com/tutorial/tutorial-create-a-usb-stick-on-ubuntu#0

  Install (solving issues)

  Secure Boot disabled (change this in BIOS, for MSI computers reboot system and press delete a couple of times before the OS is loaded).
  Possible problem: Screen freezing while installing

  Reboot system
  Go to the Install Ubuntu option (BUT DONT PRESS ENTER)
  Press e
  Find the line that starts with linux then add modprobe.blacklist=nouveau after quiet splash.

  Choose a Wifi Network and install third-party software and updates.
  Once the installation is done, remove the flash drive and reboot.

  Installing Nvidia Drivers

  Select Ubuntu at GRUB (you may need to repeat the modprobe.blacklist=nouveau step if the screen freezes again).
  Make sure Secure Boot is disabled.
  Access command line (Ctrl+Alt+ F1,F2,F3...F??)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-396
sudo reboot

  Installing Conda

  https://docs.anaconda.com/anaconda/install/linux

  Installing CUDA 9.0 and CUDNN 7.0

  https://medium.com/@taylordenouden/installing-tensorflow-gpu-on-ubuntu-18-04-89a142325138

  Installing Pytorch 0.4

  create conda env

conda create -n torch python=3.6
install torch (cuda 9)
conda install -y pytorch=0.4 torchvision cuda90 -c pytorch

  If CUDA 9 fails, install this way using CUDA 8

conda install -y pytorch=0.4 torchvision -c pytorch conda install cuda80 -c soumith

  test GPU install

python -c 'import torch; print(torch.rand(2,3).cuda())'

  Installing TensorFlow (1.8)

  https://www.tensorflow.org/install/install_linux#installing_with_anaconda

  REMEMBER

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/cuda/lib64

  test GPU install

python -c 'from tensorflow.python.client import device_lib; device_lib.list_local_devices()'

  output:

2018-06-11 11:32:18.954198: I tensorflow/core/common_runtime/gpu/gpu_device.cc:1053] Created TensorFlow device (/device:GPU:0 with ...)


No 3D acceleration in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS with latest Vmware Workstation I installed the latest version of vmware workstation (10.0.2) in ubuntu 14.04 LTS and I have the following problem:

I use the open source driver "Radeon" (Galium 0.4) and Mesa 10.1.0.

My graphics card:

glxinfo | grep OpenGL

OpenGL vendor string: X.Org OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on AMD
RS780 OpenGL core profile version string: 3.1 (Core Profile) Mesa
10.1.0 OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 1.40 OpenGL core profile context flags: (none) OpenGL core profile
extensions: OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 10.1.0 OpenGL shading
language version string: 1.30 OpenGL context flags: (none)
OpenGL extensions:

lspci -nnk | grep -iA3 VGA

01:05.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
[AMD/ATI] RS780D [Radeon HD 3300] [1002:9614]
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device [1043:834d]
Kernel driver in use: radeon 01:05.1 Audio device [0403]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] RS780 HDMI Audio [Radeon (HD) 3000
Series] [1002:960f]

glxinfo | grep -i render

direct rendering: Yes
GLX_MESA_multithread_makecurrent, GLX_MESA_query_renderer, OpenGL renderer string: Gallium 0.4 on AMD RS780
GL_MESA_texture_signed_rgba, GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_depth_clamp,
GL_NV_blend_square, GL_NV_conditional_render, GL_NV_depth_clamp,

I tried to install driconf and changed Enable S3TC texture compression...by default is No, and also edited the .vmx file, adding the line:

mks.gl.allowBlacklistedDrivers = "TRUE"

But it doesn't work.

I checked if this package is in my system:

libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0

I think it is a free implementation of the texture compression library for Mesa. This package is installed by default on Trusty.

Any help would be greatly appreciated

Best Regards.

Your Ubuntu video driver does not support 3D.  You need to install the opensource driver or the ati catalyst driver

Try

sudo chmod +x ./VMware-Workstation-Full-10.0.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle

This is to give execute permission to bundle file. Now you can run the file:

sudo ./VMware-Workstation-Full-10.0.2-1744117.x86_64.bundle


How do I install Sublime Text 2/3? I installed Sublime Text 2 on 12.04 as per this tutorial.

However I don't have adequate permissions when launching the program from the Unity launcher. For example I cannot install packages, or if I add a folder to the sidebar when I close Sublime and reopen, the folder is no longer listed. If I run sudo sublime in the terminal all changes remain after closing.

I've tried chown-ing the Sublime Text 2 folder in usr/lib
sudo chown -R mylogin:mylogin /usr/lib/"Sublime Text 2" but this seemed to have no effect.

Install via the Package Manager(apt-get):

Simply add to your packages:

For Sublime-Text-2:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text

For Sublime-Text-3:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/sublime-text-3
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install sublime-text-installer

Run Sublime-Text on terminal

subl

Install Manually via Terminal:

Download from the Sublime Site:

32-bit:

wget http://c758482.r82.cf2.rackcdn.com/Sublime\ Text\ 2.0.2.tar.bz2
tar vxjf Sublime\ Text\ 2.0.2.tar.bz2

64-bit:

wget http://c758482.r82.cf2.rackcdn.com/Sublime\ Text\ 2.0.2\ x64.tar.bz2
tar vxjf Sublime\ Text\ 2.0.2\ x64.tar.bz2

For Both:

sudo mv Sublime\ Text\ 2 /opt/
sudo ln -s /opt/Sublime\ Text\ 2/sublime_text /usr/bin/sublime

Source: http://www.tecmint.com/install-sublime-text-editor-in-linux/

Install Manually via Script:

Check out this nice script on Github("Install Sublime Text on Fedora.") that you can run, just make sure to edit the "*.tar.bz2" in the script to download the latest version of Sublime Text!

#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Usage: {script} [ OPTIONS ] TARGET BUILD
#
#   TARGET      Default target is "/usr/local".
#   BUILD       If not defined tries to get the build into the Sublime Text 3 website.
#
# OPTIONS
#
#   -h, --help  Displays this help message.
#
# Report bugs to Henrique Moody <henriquemoody@gmail.com>
#

set -e

if [[ "${1}" = '-h' ]] || [[ "${1}" = '--help' ]]; then
    sed -E 's/^#\s?(.*)/\1/g' "${0}" |
        sed -nE '/^Usage/,/^Report/p' |
        sed "s/{script}/$(basename "${0}")/g"
    exit
fi

declare URL
declare URL_FORMAT="http://c758482.r82.cf2.rackcdn.com/sublime_text_3_build_%d_x%d.tar.bz2"
declare TARGET="${1:-/usr/local}"
declare BUILD="${2}"
declare BITS

if [[ -z "${BUILD}" ]]; then
    BUILD=$(
        curl -Ls http://www.sublimetext.com/3 |
        grep '
Build' |
        head -n1 |
        sed -E 's#
Build ([0-9]+)
#\1#g'
    )
fi

if [[ "$(uname -m)" = "x86_64" ]]; then
    BITS=64
else
    BITS=32
fi

URL=$(printf "${URL_FORMAT}" "${BUILD}" "${BITS}")

read -p "Do you really want to install Sublime Text 3 (Build ${BUILD}, x${BITS}) on \"${TARGET}\"? [Y/n]: " CONFIRM
CONFIRM=$(echo "${CONFIRM}" | tr [a-z] [A-Z])
if [[ "${CONFIRM}" = 'N' ]] || [[ "${CONFIRM}" = 'NO' ]]; then
    echo "Aborted!"
    exit
fi

echo "Downloading Sublime Text 3"
curl -L "${URL}" | tar -xjC ${TARGET}

echo "Creating shortcut file"
cat ${TARGET}/sublime_text_3/sublime_text.desktop |
    sed "s#/opt#${TARGET}#g" |
    cat > "/usr/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop"

echo "Creating binary file"
cat > ${TARGET}/bin/subl <

Maybe there has simply something gone wrong during the installation. I'm using Sublime Text 2 on 12.04 and it doesn't need sudo. I suggest you type sudo apt-get purge sublime-text in a terminal (depends on which version you've installed. Use the tab key after having typed the line until "subl" twice - each installed version will be displayed).
This will completely remove the installation. After that, go to the homepage of sublime text and make sure you download the .deb package. Browse the package in Nautilus (home folder), right-click on the .deb-package and choose "open with Software Center". In the Software Center, click install and follow the instructions. After that you should be able to launch the application without sudo.


Where can I get Ubuntu Stickers Where can I get Ubuntu inside or Powered by Ubuntu or any Ubuntu sticker for that matter to stick on my Laptops?

System76 offers free Ubuntu stickers, which you can check with your local Ubuntu community through https://system76.com/swag/stickers

Editor's note: the shop is now closed

You can purchase Ubuntu stickers and wearables in the dedicated Ubuntu site: http://shop.ubuntu.com/


Installation and compatibility on Acer Swift 3 I am not new using Ubuntu but I am new working with laptops.

Recently, I've installed Ubuntu on my new Acer Swift 3, with the following conclusions and concerns:

Even I've read a lot of post that somehow the laptop is not compatible with Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS, so far so good. I only updated the BIOS to the latest version (1.05).

It came with Windows 10 and I made an installation without delete Win10, but two concern came up:
Somehow the grub menu works fine with Ubuntu, but when I enter to Windows, it reboots the laptop and go directly to Windows, Is this something that can be fixed?
Do you know if warranty is lost if I make a full installation of Ubuntu?

Following the point that in Internet, the laptop is being shown as non-compatible with Ubuntu. Does somebody know if there are still compatibility issues?

I would really appreciate your response, and sorry for my bad English!

Thanks,
Nicolás.

Somehow the Grub menu works fine with Ubuntu, but when I enter to
  Windows, it reboots the laptop and go directly to Windows, Is this
  something that can be fixed?

Unless i did not understand your question because of bad translation, this looks perfectly normal to me. There is this Grub (GRand Unified Bootloader) menu. It lets you choose which system to boot. Boot some Linux distribution or Windows. In all cases, "it reboots the laptop and go directly to..." the chosen system. So this is not "something to be fixed", this is good, and normal.

I bought an acer swift 3 couple of months back , since then i wanted to have a linux distro on it,There was a lot of noise around it compatibility with ubuntu, finally i decided to install it and get rid of windows completely, Its been over a week now and i have not seen or observed any kind of issue with it (apart form the fingerprint reader not working). the internal microphone as well as blue-tooth works quite well.


Installing ubuntu 13.10 64 bit with windows 8.1 32 bit? I have windows 8.1 pro 32bit installed in my laptop.
My question is can I install ubuntu 13.10 64bit alongside windows 8.1 pro which is a 32bit OS. I don't know whether a 32 bit OS and a 64 bit OS can be installed alongside. Or should I have to go with 32 bit?

If your computer is a 32-bit computer it's perfectly fine. Ubuntu will run just fine along with windows 8.

you can do it... without any problem, but ur computer processor should 64-bit..


Grub rescue after windows install Disaster, Please, Help ASAP.

I had a dual boot on my pc with windows xp and lubuntu linux. Then recently i had some windows errors and decided to install windows 8 instead of xp.

So after i reinstalled windows i installed grub, in order to boot my old linux like this:

sudo mount /dev/sda5 /mnt /dev/sda5
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
grub-install /dev/sda

And this is what fdisk -l shows:

device     boot   id   system
/dev/sda1  *      7     HPFS/NTFS
Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.
/dev/sda2         7     HPFS/NTFS
/dev/sda3         f     w95 Ext'd (LBA) <- used to be D: disk, not yet mounted
/dev/sda5         83    Linux
/dev/sda6         82    Linux swap / Solaris

And this is what i get when i boot linux:

  begin: running /scripts/local-premount ... resume: libgcrypt version:
  1.5.0 resume: could not stat resume device file '/dev/sda7'
  and it says press enter to start system or something like that.

My guess is that something went wrong with swap partition. I am not experienced linux user, so please provide as detailed instructions as possible.

Solved the case with:
   sudo apt-get purge hibernate


Display a sorted array How do I create a function ("sortarr") that takes a parameter of array and returns a sorted array?

Shell script

echo "Original Numbers in array:"
for (( i = 0; i <= 4; i++ ))
do
  echo ${nos[$i]}
done

You don't. You use sort:

$ echo ${array[@]}
1 8 14 -4 123 12

$ printf '%s\n' "${array[@]}" | sort -n
-4
1
8
12
14
123

And to make it a function:

mysort(){
    printf '%s\n' "$@" | sort -n
}
array=(1 8 14 -4 123 12)
mysort "${array[@]}"

If you really, really want to, you can try and implement a sorting algorithm in bash. It might be simpler to just hit your head a few times against the wall instead though. You really don't want to be writing that sort of thing in a shell language. Still, if you insist, you could use something like this (reimplemented in bash from one of the examples here):

mysort(){
    for((i=${#array[@]}-1;i>=0; i--)); do
        for((j=1;j<=$i; j++)); do
            if [[ ${array[j-1]} -gt ${array[j]} ]]; then
                temp="${array[j-1]}"
                array[j-1]="${array[j]}"
                array[j]="$temp"
            fi
        done
    done
}
declare -a array=(1 8 14 -4 123 12)
mysort $array
printf '%s\n' "${array[@]}"

Seriously though, do not, I repeat not, try to do any serious computing task in the shell. There are better tools for it. Any half way decent scripting language, for example, will already have methods that let you sort. For instance:

Perl

$ perl -le '@array=(1,8,14,-4,123,12); print join " ", sort @array'
-4 1 12 123 14 8

Python

$ python -c 'array = [1,8,14,-4,123,12]; array.sort(); print(array)'
[-4, 1, 8, 12, 14, 123]

Just the function :

    Sort(){for item in $@; do echo $item; done | sort}

Code with list making , function and display :

list=( Item3 Item1 Item2 )

Sort()
  {
    for item in $@;
      do
        echo $item;
      done |
    sort
   }

sorted_list=$(Sort ${list[@]})

echo ${sorted_list[@]}

Quick Walk through :
1. Make the list .
list=()
2. Create a sort function .
Sort(){}
3. Functions first line of code goes through the list and assigns the entry to the variable called item .
for Variable in $@ ;
3. For each list item pass to the echo command .
do echo $item ;
4. When is done the echo command output is piped to the sort command .
done |
5. Thats the function created . After that create a variable for the sorted list .
sorted_list=
6. Fill the variable with the output of the function .
sorted_list=$()
7. Call the function
sorted_list=$(Sort())
8. Pass the list to the function .
sorted_list=$(Sort ${list[@]})
8. Display the sorted list
echo ${sorted_list[@]}


hd1 cannot get C/H/S values Ok, I know there are many questions about this topic, but I can't found a convince answer (fixing the problem or not).

Recently I bought an SSD drive and installed in main SATA (hd0), I've replaced my cd/dvd drive with old hdd drive, using a caddy adapter.

Now I've installed Ubuntu on SSD and windows 10 on hdd.

The problem is on the boot, when I select windows in grub menu I'm faced with this error: cannot get C/H/S values.

I can't set hdd boot on BIOS because it's expected a ODD driver.

I have a Dell Inspiron 14R-5437.

Is there a workaround for this?

Same configuration here and same error got.

My workaround was booting from the HDD instead of the SSD.
In my case, I can select the booting device on every computer start-up pressing F11 (so, I just select the HDD when I want to boot Windows).
Otherwise, you might change the boot order on the BIOS setup depending on which system you want to boot up.

Have you tried this, and enter bios and set to legacy boot, and then from boot enter command line, and enter this:

test hd1
badram hd1
dump hd1

and then use

set secondary=hd1

and it might work fine this way.


Can an anti-virus protect me from KillDisk, malware for Linux? A relative of mine has recently sent me an email. He recently came across this alarming head-line from anti-virus vendor ESET:

KillDisk now targeting Linux: Demands $250K ransom, but can’t decrypt

The email goes on to describe a piece of software that encrypts the contents of the disk and demands a ransom.

My relative is alarmed and feels that surely an anti-virus is now needed.

I feel strongly that an anti-virus is not needed on Ubuntu. Rather, I feel that the best protection for an Ubuntu user is to install security updates promptly, to keep regular backups and to only install software from trusted sources like the Ubuntu Software Centre. Is that advice now out-of-date with the advent of KillDisk?

The email goes on to describe a piece of software that encrypts the contents of the disk and demands a ransom.

How does it do that? (of course the article does not mention that ...). From the link ...

  The main encryption routine recursively traverses the following
  folders within the root directory up to 17 subdirectories in depth:

  /boot /bin /sbin /lib/security /lib64/security /usr/local/etc /etc
  /mnt /share /media /home /usr /tmp /opt /var /root

  According to researchers, the victim's "files are encrypted using Triple-DES applied to 4096-byte file blocks," and "each file is encrypted using a different set of 64-bit encryption keys."

We need to know how they believe they can circumvent the admin password ...

Does it require a sudo password?
Or does it attempt to brute-force the sudo password? If so how good is your password?
Does it require you to download this malware from the mail and run it? (...) If so... don't :-P

Best method to counter this: create regular backups and keep more than 1 backup  of anything important to you. It is always possible to format a disk and reinstall and to restore a clean backup.

  I feel strongly that an anti-virus is not needed on Ubuntu.

Me too! But a virus is just a small part of all malware. You also got rootkits, and crapware like what you describe above.

  Is that advice now out-of-date with the advent of KillDisk?

No! That advice is the best you can get. At the moment we can consider Ubuntu Software Center free from malware. That article and similar articles I found all lack 1 bit of information: how does it actually encrypt our disks.

yes an antivirus will protect you from KillDisk, malware and it will also help you to remove junk flies from your computer.


I can't format disk in USB floppy drive I need to low-level format floppies with an external usb floppy drive in ubuntu 10.04 (or later) server.

I have tried the tools that come with util-linux-ng, and contain (specifically) fdformat.

Unfortunately these tools are written to use /dev/fd* devices, and not /dev/sd* that is used with the usb floppy drives I have on hand.

Alternatives to using the tools would be appreciated (note, the computers I have at my disposal do not have floppy connectors on the main board, so please don't recommend using a "real" floppy drive).

for example, I know dd works to zero the drive, but I suspect I need a copy of a working, blank formatted floppy as the if=  parameter.  I have my doubts this would be a robust, ongoing solution for actually writing out the tracks on the floppy.

the answers are not at:
How can I get a USB floppy drive to work?
How to format a USB or external drive?
...and lots of others

The fdutils web site refers to http://www.geocities.jp/tedi_world/format_usbfdd_e.html for usb floppy drives.

Have you tried gparted as the root (sudo) user?  I use this tool daily for all kinds of drives yet I a floppy - I have not.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gparted
sudo gparted

Look to the top right to find your drive.  If Linux can mount it - Gparted should be able to format it!


Making my first bash script, can't get the cd command to 'stick.' For my first bash script, I want to create something that's really been annoying me: when I switch folders, I want the contents of that folder to be displated automatically. I tried adding this following code to ~/.bashrc:

alias go='cd; ls'

Simple enough I thought! Not so. While typing go /etc does indeed list the contents of /etc, my working directory hasn't actually changed, I'm still in the one I was in before. How do I remedy this?

In your example, go /etc will do cd; ls /etc. That means, first, cd will change the current directory to your home directory. Then, ls /etc will display the contents of /etc.

You could achieve what you want by defining a function, like so:

function go() {
    cd "$1" && ls
}

Or just type it in the command line on a single line:

function go() { cd "$1" && ls; }

Then go /etc will do what you want.

$1 refers to the first parameter passed to the command in this example /etc. You can refer to subsequent parameters with $2, $3 and so on.

You may want to combine this with the built-in bash directory stack (dirs).
this will give you the opportunity to type: go ..., to view the previous folder(s) in your stack, rather then type their name. an eg:

function go() {
 if [ "$1" == "..." ]; then popd >/dev/null ; else pushd "$1" >/dev/null ; fi
 ls $@
}

you can substitute ... with other keyword, like _back. something that wont be a directory name.

you will notice the ls $@ which means all remaining parameters will be passed to ls. so if you want to go and have long listing, or reverse time listing, use:
go /var -l or
go /etc -ltr


No indicators showing up on 14.04 I can't seem to get any indicators on my new installation of Ubuntu, I'm on a laptop so seeing the battery is pretty important, along with it just being a nuisance.

I've tried installing the indicator applet and using dconf, but they're still not showing up.

In case this matters, I had quite a few problems installing this distro, one being the 'low graphics' error, so I had to switch from lightdm then use proprietary drivers after that. Don't know if it's relevant but it might help.

Here's a screenshot of what it looks like.

First try to install ubuntu-tweak tool.

Then, reset the Unity with unity-reset tool:

$ unity-reset
$ setsid unity

If that didn't work out try to re-install unity & desktop:

$ sudo apt-get autoremove ubuntu-desktop
$ sudo apt-get autoremove unity
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install unity
$ sudo apt-get install unity-2d
$ sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
$ sudo shutdown -r now

After that upgrade if you want:

$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

I'll just document here how I fixed this on 15.10:

After having tried everything with no luck I finally noticed, that the resolution of my external display had changed to 2560x1440 (was 1920x1080 before) and for some reason this resolution made the indicator area not visible. When I changed back to 1920x1080 it was normal again.


Running full installation of Ubuntu // full instalation of windows 7 in one PC I must admit I'm a total noob in this.

I've been running ubuntu 11.10 in windows 7 using Wubi installation, and I love Ubuntu.
   I would like to make a full dual boot instalation of Ubuntu on my PC, because ,according to what I've read, Ubuntu on Wubi is a lot less efficient.

Can I run a full installation of Ubuntu in one partition of the hard drive and a full installation of windows 7 in another one, and still be able to run GRUB when I boot my pc?
If it is possible, what is the best way to configure the hard drive partitions?

I have a 283.32 GB hard drive, I want to install windows in one partition and ubuntu in another, but also create a partition to share files between ubuntu and windows... like mp3, video, images...

I recommend you install Windows 7 first and then Ubuntu.  Ubuntu is aware of Windows 7, while Windows 7 will try to make Ubuntu disappear.

While your windows partition needs to be very large, Ubuntu will not need too much space.
I recommend you set your partitions manually when installing ubuntu like this:

primary 1: Windows partition you cannot get rid of
primary 2: ?Gb Windows partition.
extended 1: 8GB Ubuntu '/' (system)
extended 2: 256MB-1GB 'swap'
extended 3: remaining ntfs for your documents, music and video.<br>

This way you can share data between both operating systems, with minimal issues.
I use this setting with 1 windows and 2 linux distros.

With 'Minimal issues' I mean you may be asked wether to execute a file or view it even if it is not a program on linux, or finding a lot of thumbs.db files, System Volume Information or .Trash folders. Or problems with symbolic links.

Oh yeah, and don't forget to backup all your data first!

The following Ubuntu Community documentation link will give you instructions on how to remove your WUBI install from inside Windows 7

You should then have a good read through the Ubuntu community documentation on setting up a dual boot system


Unable to install open ssh server I am completely new to Ubuntu environment.
I am trying to install open ssh server on my Ubuntu server with
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

But I am receiving the error as :

Some packages could not be installed.This may mean you have requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable distribution that some required packages have not yet been created or been moved out of Incoming.

Please help.

Thanks in advance.

Sri

Try this:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --fix-missing
sudo apt-get install openssh-server

Try using aptitude instead of apt-get:

sudo aptitude install <packagename>

If you don't have aptitude on your machine, you can get it by typing:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

And try to install OpenSSH again:

sudo aptitude install openssh-server


Problem using scanner on my multifunction Samsung SL-M2070 in ubuntu 14.04 Printer works OK, but ubuntu can not find scanner, i have installed driver but ubuntu still can not find the scanner.

In 12.04 the problem did not occur!

What do i do wrong?

And i wonder is there any scanner on the market that works on ubuntu 14.04?

First check if the cable is working correctly!

If so, then check if any drivers available through samsung's website or Software center and install them.


HDMI Audio not working on ubuntu 12.10 I have an nVidia GeForce and want to send audio output to my television when attaching it via HDMI.. How can I do it?

Thanks in advance

well...

am using an Thomson television and have tried with several desktop envirorments...

Yes, in Sound Settings -> Output tab, you can select the HDMI output device and the sound will be directed to HDMI. Choose the appropriate profile in the Mode dropdown menu.

Just found out the fix for this. Go to alsamixer and unmute S/PDIF
Here is a tutorial


scroll in Microsoft USB mouse is not working properly I found wonder that up to Ubuntu 11.10, my Microsoft USB mouse scroll function worked properly, but after updating to 12.04 LTS, it just jumping like unevenly and jumpy.

I replaced the  Microsoft USB mouse with ball it works okay.
Please help to rectify.

It's a know bug which happen with a lot of Microsoft mice, the only solution I've found is to unplug it and plug it back. Then it's working properly until the next reboot.


Howto use apt-cacher-ng only when available? I'm using apt-cacher-ng at my local network with the following configuration on the clients:

Acquire::http { Proxy "http://acng-host:3142"; };

Some of the clients are laptops, so how do I configure them to use the cache only when it's available on this network?

From the server you can announce to the network there is an apt-cacher-ng instance through avahi

From the client you can check if exist an apt-cacher-ng service and modify apt proxy settings accordly.

Server

Install

$ sudo apt-get install apt-cacher-ng squid-deb-proxy-client

For Ubuntu releases older than 14.04 put the following snippet in /etc/avahi/services/apt-cacher-ng.service:

<?xml version="1.0" standalone='no'?>
<!DOCTYPE service-group SYSTEM "avahi-service.dtd">
<service-group>
 <name replace-wildcards="yes">apt-cacher-ng proxy on %h</name>
 <service protocol="ipv4">
  <type>_apt_proxy._tcp</type>
  <port>3142</port>
 </service>
</service-group>

Client

Install

$ sudo apt-get install squid-deb-proxy-client

Here is a snippet to install server|client depending if there is already an apt-get proxy or not:

https://gist.github.com/chilicuil/6207489

Source: http://blog.surgut.co.uk/2013/03/avahi-apt-cacher-ng-sbuild.html

Not an exact answer, since you'll have to change your existing cache setup, but squid-deb-proxy is a good solution to providing a cache that will be used transparently if available, and is very easy to set up on both cache server and clients. See the first answer to this question for more details.


Are there any games which can train people to learn terminal commands? It seems to me learning how to use the terminal is a prerequisite to learning how to use Ubuntu. So I'm trying to figure out the best way to learn. Is there a Quizlet online flash card set out there? A better way?

You can add the following line (command) at the end of your ~/.bashrc file:

echo "Did you know that:"; whatis $(ls /bin | shuf -n 1)

Every time you open the terminal you will learn something about a random command.

If you want some fun, you can use cowsay "utility". To install it, run this in terminal:

sudo apt-get install cowsay

Then add the following line at the end of your ~/.bashrc file:

cowsay -f $(ls /usr/share/cowsay/cows | shuf -n 1 | cut -d. -f1) $(whatis $(ls /bin) 2>/dev/null | shuf -n 1)

Or you can add the above line as alias in ~/.bash_aliases. I added:

alias ?='cowsay -f $(ls /usr/share/cowsay/cows | shuf -n 1 | cut -d. -f1) $(whatis $(ls /bin) 2>/dev/null | shuf -n 1)'

Whenever you get bored, you can type in terminal: ? (followed by Enter). It's like playing dice by yourself.

In the early UNIX days (v6 and v7)  (yes before Linux), there was a series of very simplistic tutorials under the command called learn.  I must admit, I started my training there .. it had tutorials on command line, vi, and a little bit of C programming.  It has long since disappeared.  And of course, this was before the proliferation of books on this subject, the high amount of easy internet connectivity, basically all you had was basically the man pages.

So now it is quite easy, basically go to Google, either find some documentation posted. Or use amazon to find an appropriate book.  Amazon even has ratings and reviews on their books.


Installing Ubuntu on a second internal drive in an "independent way" (no boot option) I have a 120 Gb SSD drive (/dev/sda) where Win7 is installed and a second internal drive (/dev/sdb) that I use for data storage. Both of them have GPT partition tables.

Now, I want to install Ubuntu on the secondary drive and so I partitioned it in this way: EFI (fat32), root (ext4), home (ext4) and Data (NTFS).

I want the installation to be fully separate from Windows: at startup, Windows must load automatically without selecting it by grub menu, instead if I want to use Ubuntu I should simply select it in the bios boot override section.

I made an attempt and I selected /dev/sdb as boot loader destination, but at the end of the installation I strangely found it in the EFI partion of /dev/sda drive instead!

That's not what I want of course. For example, if I decide to format the primary drive for some reason, then I must be able to continue to use Ubuntu on the other drive with no problems and vice versa!

You will have to remove your harddrives to do this:

Remove the second harddrive
Install a bootloader to /dev/sda
Insert the second harddrive and remove the SSD
Install Ubuntu on the second harddrive. Install the bootloader to /dev/sdb
Insert the SSD again

works with USB pendirves, too.

Tested with Ubuntu 15.04, 14.04, Arch and OpenSuse


Ubuntu 12.04 GUI doesn't load after Virtualbox crash I have Ubuntu 12.04 64 bit installed as a virtual OS in Virtualbox (the host is windows 7).

The Virtualbox data file is on a usb drive that lost connection to the PC while a session was running. Now when I try to start the Ubuntu virtual OS, I get a terminal login screen, but no GUI. When I try to login I get the message

  sh: 1: cannot create /var/run/motd.new: Directory nonexistent

Any suggestions? Can I recover the system?

I have same error on my Ubuntu 12.04 Server and I fixed with:

rm /var/run
mkdir /var/run
reboot


How can I set default terminal used in Unity? How can I set the default terminal used in Unity?

I would like to use the Ctrl+Alt+T hotkey to start a non-default terminal. The default terminal is gnome-terminal.

Where can I change the default terminal value?

For 12.04 and newer

gconf is now deprecated - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GConf - and gsettings can be used in its place.

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec 'terminal'

Where terminal is the command you would use to open it from the terminal.

OK, one weird thing is that the compiled gnome-terminal with the patch will not work if your DISPLAY var is :0 , works flawlessly if DISPLAY=localhost:0.

So you can edit /usr/bin/gnome-terminal/wrapper and add this:

ENV{"DISPLAY"}="localhost:0";

right before the exec line.

Subsequently you can use /usr/bin/gnome-terminal/wrapper as the launcher!


Bumblebee does not work witn nvidia-355-vulkan beta driver I am trying Nvidia vulkan beta driver called "nvidia-355.00.26" on my optimus laptop (intel + nvidia)

You can gen nvidia vulkan beta driver in this PPA:
The driver does not create "common" modules like nvidia-current nvidia-shi etc..., but nvidia_355 nvidia_355_uvm nvidiafb

When I set /etc/bumblebee/bumblebee.conf
KernelDriver=nvidia_355

I get

Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233034] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) systemd-logind: failed to get session: PID 11130 does not belong to any known session
Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233050] [WARN][XORG] (WW) "glamoregl" will not be loaded unless you've specified it to be loaded elsewhere.
Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233057] [WARN][XORG] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia355
Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233061] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia355" (module does not exist, 0)
Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233068] [WARN][XORG] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nvidia
Feb 18 14:41:07 usb-tmp bumblebeed[11115]: [13580.233072] [ERROR][XORG] (EE) Failed to load module "nvidia" (module does not exist, 0)

I did change /etc/bumblebee/xorg.conf.nvidia

Section "Device"
    Identifier  "DiscreteNvidia"
    Driver      "nvidia_355"
    VendorName  "NVIDIA Corporation"

It looks like a bug?

Looks like the userspace driver was broken, the nvidia_drm.so, some mess with alternatives. I did the purge and install

sudo apt-get purge nvidia-355*
sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
#reboot
sudo apt-get install nvidia-355
#reboot

Evrything (opengl and vulkan) works!
(except glmark2 segfaults, maybe other issue?)

You could try this edit:

kernel_driver=nvidia_i355

and then run a boot-repair, and type this in the terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu

and then this

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

and choose common repair, and it might work.


Can I run a desktop OS in a virtual machine as if it ran on bare metal? I would like to run a desktop Ubuntu VM on top of (desktop or server) Ubuntu host; all the while looking like it is running on the bare metal. The reason for this is I would like to relegate critical processes to the host machine; where I can not disrupt their operation (I could, but I would have to specifically log in to the host system to do that; and most of the time I will be working in the VM instead) and where they won't be troubled by such things as system restarts.

I'd like to use KVM virtualization, as that's what I'm familiar on the server.

I think I'll need VGA passthrough for near-native performance? Can I do that on a laptop with just an integrated Intel graphics card?

I prefer command-line solutions that can be automated.

You are looking for Linux Containers:

  Containers are a lightweight virtualization technology. They are more akin to an enhanced chroot than to full virtualization like Qemu or VMware, both because they do not emulate hardware and because containers share the same operating system as the host. Therefore containers are better compared to Solaris zones or BSD jails.

LXC is very lightweight, so it's most common application is to have a container for each service. This means you can save up on a lot of space and other resources, since nothing is allocated unless needed. However, that doesn't mean it's the only way to use it.  For example, Docker is a service built on LXC, for packaging and deploying complete apps.

LXc can be used for running GUI apps, or even X itself. This Unix & Linux answer has a guide. Essentially:

Install any requisite drivers on both host and container systems.
Make the device nodes available to the container, creating them via mknod if necessary.
Configure them (the OP did it manually, since udev isn't available in the container).
Start X on an unused VT.

However, in your case, where you want things to Just Work and don't mind using the VM for everything X, you can use KVM with libvirt. Check the official Server Guide.

The VM's are intended to appear as bare metal machines.  You shouldn't notice any difference except for the restrictions that you actually place on your VM.

You might consider running your VM and posting questions of how to resolve any issue you might encounter.  Most likely there will be a resolution to provide specifically what you might need, such as more video memory, lower level access to the hardware, etc.

To boot full screen:

While in your VM OS, of virtual box, select the full screen
option.
Right click on the Virtual box profile of your preferred OS and
click "Create Desktop Launcher".
Grab the exec command from the created launch and make a batch
file such indicated below
Add the created created batch file your Ubuntu startup
applications.
Configure (from Ubuntu's user's manager) to boot the Ubuntu with
the Automatic Login activated.

Batch file for Startup Applications (mystartvm.sh):

#!/bin/bash

sleep 20
/usr/lib/virtualbox/VirtualBox --startvm "ec9329a2-d86a-45ba-9dbe-cdd0d8e5c74b"

You can fine tune any step for your preference.  I added the 20 seconds to give my machine time to perform the other background tasks that I have setup at boot time.

Of course there are many ways of doing this.  This is just one of many.

The Guest OS appears to be on a bare machine.  Of course as some pointed out, it really isn't on a bare machine.  But the operator (as in making this easy for my clients) can't tell the difference.  The OS is ran as if it were on a bare machine and not a guest.


How do I automatically monitor SMART with external USB drives and warn if necessary? My External USB drive died, and Ubuntu gave no indication that it there was a problem. It would be useful if the system gave a warning for failing drives, including external USB ones. Is there a way to get this to work?

Well you can go to the Disk Utility and select the drive, but I'm not sure if it even has the capability. Some hard drives do not have SMART. If it is offered, click on SMART data and locate the problem.


Cannot see Samba configuration tool in the Dash in ubuntu 14.04 After a fresh installation of ubuntu 14.04 (my previous installation has seen to be broken somewhere reading .wmv file with VLC), I've installed Samba GUI tool from the software center.

It briefly appears in the launchpad then disappears. From this time I cannot the see in in the dash.

I've found this in askUbuntu Cannot run samba interface after installing 13.04

but the command sudo apt-get install samba samba-common gives me nothing to install.

Lecture des listes de paquets... Fait
Construction de l'arbre des dépendances
Lecture des informations d'état... Fait
samba est déjà la plus récente version disponible.
samba passé en « installé manuellement ».
samba-common est déjà la plus récente version disponible.
Les paquets suivants ont été installés automatiquement et ne sont plus nécessaires :
  kde-l10n-engb kde-l10n-fr
Veuillez utiliser « apt-get autoremove » pour les supprimer.
0 mis à jour, 0 nouvellement installés, 0 à enlever et 8 non mis à jour.

The following guide Install and Configure Samba share in Ubuntu 13.10 ‘Saucy Salamander’ , 13.04| Howto has no result either.

Any idea ?

Laurent06000

To see the GUI for Samba, run:

sudo apt-get install system-config-samba

then go to the dash and type system-config-samba and that should be the only icon left.  Click that one!

Sorry for the back-and forth. I should have done the apt-cache search samba GUI as the first thing!

It seems that at some update someone enabled a firewall in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. By typing the command "sudo ufw allow samba" samba all sprang into life. I could see my samba shares from the machine which is running ubuntu and see other computers / phones in my house.
I have been using samba for many years and thought I knew all the gotchas (of which there are very many) but all the problems I had before were not to do with a firewall as I knew I didn't have one.
If the introduction of the firewall with no indication to users to allow samba is indeed the cause of the "broken samba" fiasco with ubuntu it must have cost millions in unnecessary and frustrating work. Re-installing samba is the last resort and rarely works.


Mount USB drive with write permissions for everyone or specific user I know there are similar questions but I get some specific problem I can't overcome.

I have:

HDD split into two partitions. /dev/sdb1 and /dev/sdb2.  sdb1 is NTFS and I don't need it. I need sdb2 which is fat32.
Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (server)

I want:

Ultimately I need a perma-mount /dev/sdb2 to /home/storage with access right (rw) for the user media.

Problems I'm facing:

1) Using manual mount from command line.

If I just use

server# sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /home/storage

It mounts but the /home/storage receives root as owner and group and doesn't allow media user to write there.

If i use mount command without sudo as the user media - i'm not allowed. Says only root can use mount.

If I use mount with options: server# sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /home/storage -o umask=000 I get what I need. A bit overdone of course, since the storage folder becomes writable for everyone. BUT - that is manually mounted - now i need it to remount on every reboot.

2) Remounting on reboot - using fstab

So I thought I'll be fine if I use fstab to mount this partition (/dev/sdb2) every time i reboot. The fstab line I added:

UUID=8C52-C1CD /home/storage auto   user,umask=000,utf8,noauto  0   0

got uuid with blkid. The fs type auto i changed few times...tried vfat too, but always on the reboot ubuntu stops when processing fstab (as i think) with the message (took from the log):

fsck from util-linux 2.20.1
/dev/sda5: clean, 120559/10969088 files, 19960144/43861504 blocks
mount: unknown filesystem type 'static'
mountall: mount /etc/fstab: [772] terminated with status 32
mountall: Filesystem could not be mounted: /etc/fstab:
Skipping /etc/fstab: at user request

And also - sudo mount -a never really does anything.

What am I doing wrong? I do suspect I messed up something:)

UPDATE:

As it seems - fstab should hold only mounts for static drives, not any sort of usb stuff. I'm puzzled how then this works with all the people posting on the net their success stories...

however..if this is not possible - i would like to know how to remount my usb after every reboot...if not with fstab - than how?:)

Your problem seems to be about the permissions you have set. FAT / FAT32 formatted drives don't support file permissions. The permissions for everything are determined by how the drive is mounted. When you set the permission open it worked when you

server# sudo mount /dev/sdb2 /home/storage -o umask=000

As for it not auto mounting on reboot

UUID=8C52-C1CD /home/storage auto user,umask=000,utf8, -->noauto<-- 0 0

The "noauto" makes this NOT automatically mount when the system starts and parses the /etc/fstab file.  Remove that option and it will mount on startup. You can set the permissions on the mount point once it's mounted with chmod or specify them in /etc/fstab.

If you need the media user to access it, you can set the permissions to 764, and add them to the security group. Root always has access to everything.

see http://www.linux.org/threads/file-permissions-chmod.4094/ for some examples of propper file permissions

On a side note, bodhi.zazen made a good point
Is there some reason you need to use FAT ? If not, I would back up the data and use a linux native file system. You can then set ownership and permissions.

If you do have external storage device connected to your Linux box with NTFS, make sure that the filesystem is clean.

Before you mount the storage to your Linux box:

Run the below command

ntfsfix /dev/storagedevice ( like sdb1 or sdc1 )

Reboot your Linux box
Mount the external storage by running the command:

mount -o rw /dev/storagedevice /media/

or

mount -o rw /dev/storagedevice /mnt/

or mount the storagedevice via GUI.


How do I get an Epson al-c 1700 printer working? I have a brand new epson aculaser c1700 and i'd like to have it working fine on ubuntu 12.04. so i did my homework, kind of, no printer driver comes for this printer in cups ... so i asked epson support who drove me to avasys who no longer handle support since december 2011.

This the question that is still in my mind : as this printer comes with an osx driver which uses cups as printer server, how come no driver can be found for cups?

I tried to get ppd and filters from osx driver and use them to install the printer on ubuntu but no answer from printer and none printed sheet i have .... i'm so disappointed i could cry ...

I'd like to work with someone to get this working fine, please help me!

If Lorezo's solution did not work, these are Linux drivers for Epson printers in the AcuLaser line. I was not able to find a C1700 anywhere though. I have used drivers from here for my Epson printer and they work well.

I got it working by downloading and installing the Xerox Phaser 6000/6100 driver from the Xerox support site here.

It is a zipped .deb file. It is i386 architecture.


Repository failure with google chrome Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'

is what i get when performing

sudo apt-get update.

I found a solution on this website (Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'xxx' doesn't support architecture 'i386')

and performed

deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

but got back

No command 'deb' found, did you mean:
 Command 'dex' from package 'dex' (universe)
 Command 'debc' from package 'devscripts' (main)
 Command 'deb3' from package 'quilt' (main)
 Command 'dab' from package 'bsdgames' (universe)
 Command 'derb' from package 'icu-devtools' (main)
 Command 'debi' from package 'devscripts' (main)
 Command 'xdeb' from package 'xdeb' (universe)
 Command 'dwb' from package 'dwb' (universe)
deb: command not found

I am unable to comment on the old post because i don't have 50 reputation so i apologize for a repeat question.

It's not a terminal command; it's about the contents of this file:

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

If you have a 64 bit installation, you should edit the file and change the last line to:

deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

If you have a 32 bit installation, you'd better just delete the file. There won't be any further updates of Google Chrome for 32 bit.

There is a simpler solution than that one you found.

Go to "Software & Updates" => "Other Programs" and unmark dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/stable.

This will fix your problem
This will disable the update of Google Chrome too, but is the better way while I other solution doesn't appear.