Laptop boots to black screen on 13.04, but works when an external monitor is plugged in I just picked up a new laptop (Toshiba Satellite P55-A5200; on-board Intel graphics presumably HD graphics 4000 as this is a mobile i5 Ivy Bridge system) and have been getting all sorts of odd display issues. Windows 8, which was pre-installed, worked fine and without issue (aside from, y'know, being Windows 8).

Initially I found that I was unable to get the LiveCD to load when selecting "Try Ubuntu" only a black screen. The backlight was on and the laptop gave signs of life, but nothing. Eventually by adding "nomodeset" or "i915.enable=0" (presumably this was disabling the load of the i915 driver since there is no such flag) I was able to view the system as it attempted to load and would apparently lock up once x tried to start. Removing "quiet" and "splash" revealed a bit more data, but nothing conclusive. Most of the time ctrl-alt-del or pressing the power button would register so the system wasn't hard-locked. Unlike other issues I was never seeing "no monitor found" or getting a blinking cursor.

Eventually it was found that going into the "Install Ubuntu" option with "i915.enable=0" worked perfectly. All of the widgets appeared properly and I was able to install normally. Since this is essentially an X environment I thought the problem might be fixable and installed 13.04 reformatting the entire drive in the process.

Upon booting, however, the previous behavior resumed. The BIOS logo screen and grub would display properly and some text after grub would briefly flash past, but as soon as it attempted to go into graphical mode it just went to a black, backlit screen. After some work graphical Plymouth was removed and replaced with the text version and the system would boot fully. Setting CapsLock or such and then swapping between terminals showed that the switching was occurring properly. Most surprising though it was found that if an external monitor was connected to either the HDMI or VGA ports the both displays would come to life regardless of whether the external monitor was on or off. The HDMI connection initially could be removed and the laptop display would still function, but on the second time testing this it no longer worked. Connecting to VGA would still work and would leave the laptop screen on after it was disconnected. If the external monitor was connected during boot this would not work and if the system was suspended the process would need to be repeated, but would work. Either way aside from the display issue the system appears to be booting properly into X and nothing else has shown any problems.

I've been pulling my hair out over this issue for about a week with little idea what is causing it or how to fix it. I've been through just about everything else that AskUbuntu or anything else I've found online has suggested as an answer to little avail (or, at least it only got me this far). Any suggestions?

I bought the same laptop today (yesterday as of today's time of 1:28am). I did the same as you did, but I was able to use the intel graphics driver at https://01.org/linuxgraphics/ .....but I still get the issues you have in regards to unplugging the HDMI cable. what kernel version do you have?

I I have just such a team and achieve installing Ubuntu, and exactly what I did not install a vga port planned and when I finish installing it and restart the display connected by VGA modify the GRUB and trucks the "splash" with "nomodeset" and so the restart and you could see without any projector, the trouble is that I noticed that almost always uses the 4 cores of the i5 and that's bad for warming and slow response.
GREETINGS


Super key does not open dash on 16.04 Basically I have a duplicate issue of this guy: Super key not working

ALT+F2 opens the "Run a command" shortcut, ALT by itself opens the HUD, but I cannot use any shortcut to open the Dash, which is making Unity very frustrating to use. I can't seem to find a keyboard shortcut setting for it. I can bind other actions to Super and they work as expected, but I don't see any setting to let me use Super to open the Dash...

I had the same issue on 16.04.

I used this command to enable Super key for opening the Unity launcher and it worked for me

dconf write /org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/show-launcher "'Enabled'"

I have seen this happen , I'm not quite sure why but unity sometimes crashes and becomes unclickable.

I workaround it by pressing ALT + F2 and typing

unity --replace

The screen will flash as unity reloads and it should be back to normal.

If that doesn't work you can try resetting your unity config with the following commands, you might need to install unity-tweak-tool first.

unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity
dconf reset -f /org/compiz/
setsid unity


Lost Partition After Installing Ubuntu 16.04 I used to dual-boot Windows and Ubuntu on my previous laptop and everything worked just fine. I got a new 500gb HP Laptop and after installing Ubuntu, I realized that about 100gb was missing. Ubuntu is allocated to 114gb and Windows is allocated to 256gb. I have no idea where the other space went to and I want to know if it can be recovered.

Use Gparted, you can install it by typing

sudo apt-get install gparted

It has got a GUI so it is pretty easy to use, it is a package to display all your mounted drives with their partitions and sizes included.

https://gparted.org/

Here is the official website with help, for your information it would be enough to install it and check the differences, if you would like to manage your partitions however, you will have to mount it live and do it from your live medium (flash disk e.g.).


no bootable device on aspire one series AO1-431 I currently installed ubuntu on my aspire one cloudbook 14 series AO1-431. It installs successfully but when the installation finishes and asks do you want to reboot now I click the reboot now remove the usb and get no bootable device. I have already changed bios adding security password it does not matter what order the boot is in everything loads back to no bootable device but when i reboot with the usb connected it asks me to install again. I have done this like 20 times with 0 success making all changes that are posted in these forums. Anyone know what I may be doing wrong? I have been stuck on this for the second day now.

I'm not great with command line interface in Terminal, but I'm thinking you can create a new boot usb device using uui in a Windows computer (Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS is a good one) and install it over the version you're using now and see if that works.


Why does ssh's “password” prompt take so long to appear? When I try to ssh, the password prompt takes too long (almost two minutes) to appear.

Why does this happen?

There are several things that can go wrong. Add -vvv to make ssh print a detailed trace of what it's doing, and see where it's pausing.

The problem could be on the client or on the server.

A common problem on the server is if you're connecting from a client for which reverse DNS lookups time out. (A “reverse DNS lookup” means getting back from the client machine's IP address to a host name. It isn't really useful for security, only slightly helpful to diagnose breakin attempts from log entries, but the default configuration does it anyway.) To turn off reverse DNS lookups, add UseDNS no to /etc/ssh/sshd_config (you need to be root on the server; remember to restart the SSH service afterwards).

Another thing that can go wrong is GSSAPI authentication timing out. If you don't know what that is, you're probably not relying on it; you can turn it off by adding the line GSSAPIAuthentication no to /etc/ssh/ssh_config or ~/.ssh/config (that's on the client side).

For me was changing system dns to 127.0.0.1, prior to this is was a non-existing host.

nano /etc/resolv.conf

And write the following

domain localdomain
search localdomain
(Removed this line) ===> nameserver 10.0.0.1
(Added this line) ===> nameserver 127.0.0.1


Ubuntu refuses to output audio via HDMI I have my PC hooked up to speakers and a monitor. In addition, it is hooked up to my Vizio 37' LCD Television. When I was on Windows 7, I could choose to output sound via HDMI. I have the choice in Ubuntu but no sound is outputted. Any Ideas? I don't know how to get system specs on Ubuntu so if you need them please tell me how to get them.

aplay -l output:

**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel],
device 0: ALC887 Analog [ALC887 Analog]
Subdevices: 0/1
Subdevice #0:
subdevice #0 card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 3: ALC887 Digital [ALC887 Digital] Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0 card 1: HDMI [HDA ATI HDMI], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0] Subdevices: 1/1 Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

With the HDMI cable plugged in, run the following utility:

speaker-test --channels 2 --rate 48000 --device hw:0,3

(for others, the hw:x,y is x = card, y = device)

This just runs a sound test with static bouncing back and forth. Once it has played out of each speaker, hit Ctrl+c to stop it, and then check in your sound settings to see if the HDMI output is now listed under the internal device.

That was all I had to do to get it working. If it doesn't work for you, check out this tutorial for upgrading alsa to the ppa version.

I have Debian with LXDE but this may apply to you in other cases.
Open PulseAudio Volume Control

Initially I thought I needed to upgrade something because I could not see HDMI here

But after going to Configuration and selecting a profile with HDMI

You can go to Output and see there your HDMI port. Now the sound goes through the HDMI cable. Nothing to install / update / tweak (in my case).


20.04 "Error found when loading /home/user/.profile Failed to write reboot parameter file" after boot Every time I boot into Ubuntu I get this error message
Error found when loading /home/user/.profile
Failed to write reboot parameter file: permission denied

Everything seems to work normally afterwards.
I use GRUB to boot into Windows or Ubuntu on different SSDs.
Any help is appreciated.
This is what my /home/user/.profile looks like:
# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.
# the files are located in the bash-doc package.

# the default umask is set in /etc/profile; for setting the umask
# for ssh logins, install and configure the libpam-umask package.
#umask 022

#pactl set-default-source alsa_input.usb-R__DE_Microphones_R__DE_NT-USB_Mini_0C664231-00.mono-fallback
#pactl set-default-sink alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1f.3.hdmi-stereo

# if running bash
if [ -n "$BASH_VERSION" ]; then
    # include .bashrc if it exists
    if [ -f "$HOME/.bashrc" ]; then
    . "$HOME/.bashrc"
    fi
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
fi

# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists
if [ -d "$HOME/.local/bin" ] ; then
    PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"
fi

I had a faulty alias defined in .bashrc. Removing that solved the problem.

Below I give tentative solutions.
In the meantime, please post the following info:

It seems an error like that should appear not after booting, but after logging into you account, is that correct?
Is user a sudoer?

Tentative solutions:

If user is not a sudoer, try making it so and check if the problem persists.
Try examining boot log files to see if you can identify the problem and/or the file that is causing the reported error, see How to see log to find a boot problem. Then try changing the permissions on that file, or adding user to a group that can write to that file.

Please post feedback in the question on what you get.
It is most convenient to post results in markdown formatted text, not as screen captures.
Related:

https://superuser.com/questions/176165/where-linux-places-the-messages-of-boot


Window snapping in Ubuntu MATE I know how to enable window snapping in MATE Desktop, and it works. My problem is this. By default, Window A fills half the screen, and Window B fills half the screen, and you can't click and drag the edges of the window to resize without unsnapping the window, and resizing the left side, right side, top, and bottom. Is there a way around this?

If you are using Marco as your window manager, try switching to Compiz (System > Preference > Look and Feel > MATE Tweak). You can enable window snapping in CompizConfig Settings Manager.

I know this only from Unity but there must be a way to enable corner snapping in MATE.

Enable Corner Snapping.
Top and bottom screen scaling do not work in a half-screen snap.

Grab window and throw it in a corner
By dragging the window by its menu you can enlarge it to a quarter of the screen. Very useful in many cases.

Enlarge the window as much as needed, horizontally AND vertically!
If you want to cover two thirds of the screen, go for it. If you want to fit that sheet of paper in true size, go for it. Fit the window to your preferred size and shape, and enjoy.

Optional: Grab it again and bring it down a bit
If you don't want your window to sit in the corner, grab it and bring it down. It will retain the size and shape you just made. The window should snap to the side of the screen so you don't have to be too finnicky.

Sadly, this is Unity I'm talking about. But I hope this helps your workflow.


Why are my speakers working but not my headphones? I have Ubuntu 10.10 installed on my Asus G50VTX5. Sound works for the speakers but there's no sound from the headphones. Headphones are working fine in other devices.

This is a pulseaudio bug, still present on 11.10

As a workaround edit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-headphones.conf :

gksu gedit analog-output-headphones.conf

Than search for and comment this line like here:

[Jack_InputDevice]
#code = Headphone

Save the file and close gedit. Than restart pulseaudio with:

pulseaudio -k

Most people think this is an ALSA thing, but is not.

I reported this bug:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pulseaudio/+bug/921397

Your headphone output is probably muted. Open the sound control panel and check that you don't have any outputs muted.


I can not password protect logging into my account When I start up Ubuntu, I see the login screen. I have my account and a guest account as the choices. When I choose my account by clicking on it, I automatically get logged in with out being required to enter my password.

I want to password protect my account so when someone clicks my account, they have to enter the proper password to get in. I have tried to do this by going to

Settings > User Accounts > My Account

and pressing the Unlock button in the top right corner of the window. I get the Authentication is required to change user data pop up and I enter my password to get access. This is what i see. (I've blacked out my account name)

As you can see Automatic Login is set to OFF but like I said, when I click my account from the login screen I get automatically logged in with out requiring a password. I guess that is not what they mean by automatic login.

UPDATE 1: The user Rinzwind explained to me how Ubuntu On/Off switches work so I made sure that it was set it to Off but when I restart, I get automatically logged in. Then when I open my user account and look at Automatic Login, it is set to On again. Something, maybe a setting in a script, is resetting Automatic Login back to On. Any ideas on why this is happening?

UPDATE 2: The user Rinzwind suggested I see if anything changes in the /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf when I switch Automatic Login -> On and Off. I did that and did see a change.

When I set Automatic Login to Off

the lightdm.conf file looks like this:

[SeatDefaults]
autologin-guest=false
autologin-user=max
autologin-user-timeout=0
autologin-session=lightdm-autologin
user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter

but when I set Automatic Login to On

the lightdm.conf file looks like this:

[SeatDefaults]
autologin-guest=false
autologin-user=
autologin-user-timeout=0
autologin-session=lightdm-autologin
user-session=ubuntu
greeter-session=unity-greeter
max@siddhion:~$

So as you can see the difference is that when Automatic Login is On autologin-user equals nothing but, when Off, autologin-user equals max which is me. Not sure what difference this makes since even when I set it to Off, I still get logged in automatically. Any ideas?

NOTE 1 When I suspend my laptop and return to it again, I am presented with a prompt to enter my password to access my account. So at least that is working. The problem I am having is when the laptop restarts.

NOTE 2 When my account loads up I always get a pop up saying I have to type in my password to unlock the keyring. Not sure if that is important here.

That slider is ON. See: https://askubuntu.com/questions/262242/how-to-interpret-gnomes-on-off-toggle-buttons

You need to set it to OFF and make it show ON to turn automatic login OFF.

  NOTE: When my account loads up I always get a pop up saying I have to type in my password to unlock the keyring. Not sure if that is important here.

That is something different. I deleted keyring and recreated it without a password. It does not bother me again about unlocking it ;)

edit: the color of the background of the slider changes color.

I have managed to fix this on my PC running 12.10. I created another user account with administrator privileges and password and switched automatic login off on the new account. I rebooted my PC and the old account then allowed me to login but still did not ask for my password. However the new administrator account created required a password to login. I then logged out of my old administrator account and logged into my new administrator account using the new account's password. I then disabled the old administrator account using the new administrator account. I then rebooted my PC. Then logged into my new administrator account again. I then re-enabled my old administrator account and set a new password and automatic login switched off. I then rebooted my PC again and it worked. My old administrator account required a password before I could log in. The used the new password I set for my old account and it logged in. Fixed. I then used my old administrator account, which now needed a password to login, and removed the new administrator account I created. Problem solved. My original administrator account now requires a password to login each time I switch my PC on. Hope this helps!


How can I update Ubuntu offline without using Synaptic or Keryx? I  use Ubuntu 12.04 at my home and have good internet connection  and my system works fine.

One of my friend is having small office and he is thinking to switch from Windows to Ubuntu 11.10 or above. The problem is that he does not have an Internet connection.

He ask me that is there any possibilities to install all updates without having Internet. I make many search, I found this question that says using Keryx or Synaptic Manager will do that.

But I am using 11.04 and there is no Synaptic manager in that so that I generate and download script.In other way when I try to install keryx (on any fresh install system on which I have to fetch the updates or system having Internet connection)

Its shows me error that I am not having python.But I am having that

Installing these application doesn't meet dependencies. The key point here is

How I Install updates without having internet on fresh install Ubuntu.
How I install ubuntu-restricted-extras

As far as I know, you can't download updates for a Oneiric (11.10) system using Ubuntu Natty (11.04). You must have a working Ubuntu 11.10 system.

An sketch about the process we are following:

First we'll install a Virtual machine in OP's Natty (11.04) system.
We'll install Ubuntu 11.10 in that virtual machine
We'll setup virtual machine to have a common shared folder between the host OS (11.04) and the guest OS (11.10)
We will generate a download script of packages which are required to upgrade that system (guest OS i.e Ubuntu 11.10).
We'll transfer the download script to the host OS using shared folder set up in step 3.
In host OS, we'll download all the required packages with the help of download script we get in step 5.
We'll transfer all the downloaded .deb files in the Offline system, that is actual Ubuntu 11.10 system in his friend's PC.
We'll create a local repository in his friend's PC with those packages.
We'll upgrade OP's friends Ubuntu with the help of local repository created in step 8.

1. Getting a working Oneiric system

There are two ways to have a working Oneiric system.

By Doing an actual installation

You have to install Ubuntu Oneiric (11.10) on the computer with Internet connection. Though it is also possible from a live system running from USB or CD, I recommend installing. You can get help for installing Ubuntu from these links:

How do I install Ubuntu?
Help with Ubuntu installation.

Installing Oneiric in a VirtualBox Virtual Machine

To install VirtualBox in Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal, run these commands in a terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox

Then install Oneiric in the virtual machine.

How to install Ubuntu on VirtualBox?

Set up a shared folder in the virtual machine.

You need to install VirtualBox Guest Additions to enable shared folder feature. Run this command in the virtual machine to install that:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions

If you need help enabling the shared folders feature in the VirtualBox, check this link:

Chapter 4: Shared Folders

2. Grab the .deb files required for updates

Please Note these specific points:

It is recommended  not to update the virtual system during installation or afterwards before installing Synaptic. Cause, those updates might be deleted from cache and without those updates, you can't successfully generate package download script.
Don't run sudo apt-get clean or sudo apt-get autoclean, because those commands removes .deb files from cache.

Then boot to the Oneiric system that has an Internet connection (either from the installed system or in VirtualBox) and follow this procedure:

Install Synaptic Package Manager. Run these commands in a terminal for this: (Note, You must connect the virtual machine to the Internet, without Internet access the machine cannot update the package list)

 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install synaptic

You may also want to download the packages required for the ubuntu-restricted-extras package. To do so, Run this command additionally with the previous two commands

 sudo apt-get install -d ubuntu-restricted-extras

This command will not install the packages, it only downloads them with all dependencies in /var/cache/apt/archives folder.
Then open Synaptic Package Manager. Push the button Mark All Upgrades.

When asked if you want to Mark additional required chanages, press the Mark button.

Then going to File --> Generate package download script, save the script as a file. Let it be update-downloader.sh in a folder named Updates. We assume the Updates folder is in your home directory, i.e., in /home/username. Then close Synaptic.
Now download the .deb files.

Go to the Updates folder, where you saved update-downloader.sh.
While you are still in the Terminal and have cd'd to the Updates folder you created earlier, run this command:

cp /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb .

That copies the downloaded .deb files which are used for installing Synaptic Package Manager and the files downloaded for the ubuntu-restricted-extras package.
Then run this command sh ./update-downloader.sh to download all the .deb files required to update in the current folder (i.e., in the Updates folder.

Or

Alternatively, you can transfer the Updates folder with the few .deb files you just copied from /var/cache/apt/archives with the update-downloader.sh script in it to the host OS via VirtualBox's shared folder feature.

Then in the host Ubuntu system, open a terminal and run the below command by going to  the Updates folder you just copied from the guest OS using shared folder feature, where update-downloader.sh file resides:

sh ./update-downloader.sh

If you downloaded the .deb files in the virtual machine, in this step, transfer the Updates folder with those files using Virtual Box's shared folder feature. (This step is only required if you downloaded the files in virtual machine)
After you get the Updates folder with all .deb files in your host PC (i.e., in your Natty system) copy that folder with all files on a USB flash drive. You may also want to burn a DVD with those packages, though I am not recommending that.
Transfer the Updates folder using your USB drive (or CD/DVD, if you burned them)  to your friend's PC.

3. Use the .deb files to create a local repository

Copy the whole folder named Updates to the Internet-less computer. Put that folder in a directory. Let say, you have put the Updates folder in the home directory. Create a new directory in your home folder with name offline, and move the Updates folder into the offline folder. Now, the directory structure looks like this

   + home
     +- username
       +-  offline
         +-  Updates (contains the .deb files)

Now open a terminal and go to the offline folder. Once in the offline folder, run this command to generate the necessary package index file:

apt-ftparchive packages . > Packages

It will create a file with name Packages.
Now open /etc/apt/sources.list file with root power. In a terminal do this

gksu gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

Then press an Enter while your cursor is at the beginning of the file. This will create a new blank line at the top. Write this line as the first line in the file

deb file:/home/username/offline /

Then save the file with Ctrl+S and exit gedit, the text editor.

Remember to use the exact folder / path names for the offline folder, and replace username with login name of the user.

Also, if you are sure, your friend cannot use other repository sources, you may want to disable all other repositories by placing a # mark before each line in the /etc/apt/sources.list file. (This is not actually required, but recommended).

Note that it is generally required to put a local repository at the top of the file, to give it a higher preference then other repository sources. (But in this particular case, you might be able to get away with not doing this, since your friend can't even connect to the Internet to access any of the other configured repositories.)

4. Do the update without accessing the Internet!

Run sudo apt-get update in the terminal to make the package manager recognize your local update directory.
Then do this command to upgrade the offline system:

 sudo apt-get upgrade --allow-unauthenticated

Done! You have upgraded your system without Internet access.

Some Notes:

1. Don't want to write allow-unauthenticated option every time?

If you want to use this local repository to install packages time to time, but feel bored to always use that allow-unauthenticated option, do this.

Create a file named 99mysettings in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d with gedit and add the line in that file and save.

    APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated "true";

To open a file named 99mysettins in that directory with root power use this command in a terminal

gksu gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mysettings

2. Note about allow-unauthenticated option:

You might wonder why I have provided the --allow-unauthenticated option. This is used because your local update repository is not authentic to the system. But it will not harm, because you downloaded those packages from an authentic official Ubuntu repository.

3. I want to have a trusted repository instead:

Check this awesome and epic post in Ubuntu forums about creating a trusted local repository. If you create a trusted repository, you don't have to provide --allow-unauthenticated option anymore.

Recommendation: I would recommend you not to use PPA repositories, unless you really trust them. In particular, don't use experimental repositories, because they may introduce dependency problems in the system, which is often referred by Unix geek as dependency hell. This can be harder to fix when you do not have an Internet connection.

To install ubuntu-restricted-extras type in terminal
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

To install Python type in terminal
sudo apt-get install python
this should solve your problems in installing keryx

Here you can find a tutorial for keryx it states in simple steps how to do the job.


can't boot to ubuntu I tried to install ubuntu on my computer, but something terrible happened. Now I can't boot into ubuntu . I tried to install Ubuntu on another partition, it succeed. But after rebooting, it automatically windows, can not read installed systems.The boot menu doesn't appear on the screen. But when i hold down shift key i manage to enter in ubuntu. In ubuntu i also installed boot repair and it gives the url:
http://paste.ubuntu.com/12335843/

please someone help me.
Thank you

So you are using your system with DUAL boot, Winodws+Ubuntu.
It's a pretty common problem with dual boot and seems to be an issue with GRUB boot loader.

You can repair it by going to GRUB boot menu and open the os in recovery mode (check this article about How to repair Ubuntu).
You can also choose to install a fresh copy of your system via keeping your old files.

Better to choose two different partitions, one for windows and another for Ubuntu while you create a dual boot system. and don't forget to turn off UEFI booting.

Thanks

Is this similar to your problem?

If it is, then try disabling secure boot in bios as the OP suggests.


How to uninstall softmaker freeoffice I downloaded FreeOffice from here.
Now I am trying to uninstall it by doing this command:

sudo dpkg -r softmaker-office

And it isn't working.

Since all other answers are outdated and not working, here is the working answer.

First open your terminal and enter

dpkg --get-selections | grep softmaker

to know what components are installed on you PC. This will give you like following output:

softmaker-freeoffice-2016:i386          install

Now you know what is installed so to remove with the following:

sudo dpkg -r "component name"

i.e. for given output: sudo dpkg -r softmaker-freeoffice-2016:i386

that should solve everyone's problem.

First, change to root user instance

sudo su

This installs locate if you don't have it.

apt install -y mlocate

Update files' location database

updatedb

Locate uninstaller, get first of the list and run it

locate uninstallfreeoffice|head -1|sh


android sdk on ubuntu 13.10 I'm installing android sdk on ubuntu 13.10 using this guide   http://tutorialforlinux.com/2013/11/25/how-to-install-android-sdk-on-ubuntu-13-10-saucy-easy-visual-guide/

I'm stuck on updating android sdk tool and api's step 7. When I cd /opt/android-sdk* the command works but when I enter sudo su -c "tools/android" command I get bash:

tools/android: permission denied

What am I doing wrong and yes I've seen the guide to install open sdk here but I don't want to install the open sdk I need the normal java version.

Follow this procedure.

1) Download the Adnroid SDK from the developer site and extract it to your home directory
https://developer.android.com/

2) install java (OPEN) or follow this guide for Oracle Version http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Oracle-Java-on-Ubuntu-Linux

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk

OR

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

If you are running a 64-bit distribution of Android SDK on your development machine, you need to install the ia32-libs:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

Open up the Android SDK folder in home directory and run Eclipse.

You should be presented wit the Android SDK Gui. You may get couple of window warnings popup the first time you run it, these go away after, so just close them.


How do I SSH to machine A via B in one command? I want to access a computer, say machine A which is based in my university's network. However, this computer is only accessible via the internal network of the university, so I can not use SSH to this computer from home directly.

Here's what I do now:

Log in to a different university machine, say machine B

(This machine B is accessible via SSH from my home computer.)
Use SSH on B to connect to A.

Is there a way to do that faster? Using only one ssh command.

Using ProxyCommand in your SSH config.

Create an SSH configuration file in your home directory (unless you want to make this system-wide), ~/.ssh/config:

Host unibroker          # Machine B definition (the broker)
Hostname 12.34.45.56    # Change this IP address to the address of the broker
User myusername         # Change this default user accordingly
                        # (`user@unibroker` can overwrite it)

Host internalmachine    # Machine A definition (the target host)
ProxyCommand ssh -q unibroker nc hostname.or.IP.address.internal.machine 22

Now you can reach Machine A directly using

ssh user@internalmachine

Also note that now you have a single SSH host target name for it, you can use this in other applications as well. E.g.:

SCP to copy files.

scp somefile user@internalmachine:~/

In your GUI applications:

use sftp://user@internalmachine/ as the location to browse on the machine.

KDE-based (Dolphin): use fish://user@internalmachine/

Notes

Change hostname.or.IP.address.internal.machine and the port (22) to the machine you like to reach as if you would from the unibroker machine.

Depending on netcat versions on the unibroker host, the -q0 option must be omitted. Regarding authentication; you're basically setting up two SSH connections from your workstation. This means both the unibroker host and the internalmachine host are verified/authenticated against one after another (for both keypair/password and host key verification).

Explanation

This approach of the use of ProxyCommand and 'netcat' is just one way to do it. I like this, because my SSH client talks directly to the target machine so that I can verify the host key from my client and I can use my public key authentication without using another key on the broker.

Each Host defines the start of a new host section. Hostname is the target hostname or IP address of that host. User is what you would provide as the user part in ssh user@hostname.

ProxyCommand will be used as the pipe to the target machine. By using SSH to the first machine and directly setting up a simple 'netcat' (nc) to the target from there, this is basically just a plaintext forward to the internal machine from the broker between those. The -q options are to silence any output (just a personal preference).

Make sure you have netcat installed on the broker (usually available by default on Ubuntu) - either netcat-openbsd  or netcat-traditional .

Note that you're still using SSH with encryption twice here. While the netcat channel is  plaintext, your SSH client on your PC will set up another encrypted channel with the final target machine.

This is a very helpful suggestion.  After messing about for hours, I found this note, & confirmed this works exactly as documented.  To connect thru MachineA to MachineB, from remote machineC:

eg:  [xuser@machineC ~] ssh -t MachineA ssh MachineB

The "-t" is critical, ssh fails if it is not present.
You will get prompted twice, first for password on MachineA, then second time for
MachineB.  Also, note that this assumes you have user "xuser" defined on all
three machines.  If not, just use the ssh syntax: "yuser@MachineA ...".  Also note that
you can use dotted quad raw IP#s, if you want to.  This is useful if you are linking
thru a private local net which is using IPs not exposed to the world - ie. not in
your local host file, or any DNS. To get a file from MachineB, to remote machineC,
you can scp from MachineB to MachineA, then from MachineA to remote machineC. (Eg. the
remote machineC can ping MachineA, but not MachineB.) Caveat: I tested with Fedora and WindowsXP, MachineA is an XP-box running ICS (Internet Connection Sharing), while MachineB and remote machineC are Fedora-Linux boxes. This suggestion solved a key problem for me - ie. restricted, monitored remote access to my remote site lan.
Note also, when you "logout" from MachineB, you should see two "Connection to xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx closed." messages.


hidden files always being shown When opening a folder, by default it always shows hidden files. I can uncheck the view option and they disappear but reappear on the next opening with the hidden files option re-checked. Have I inadvertently changed an option or is this a bug? No-one else seems to have encountered this.

Assuming you are using Nautilus (the standard file manager in Ubuntu), read the help files on Nautilus views. To change the default option, you can do the following:

  In any file manager window, click Edit ▸ Preferences and select the
  Views tab.

In that tab you can unselect show hidden and backup files. By default,

  The file manager does not display hidden files or folders.

You can also toggle showing/hiding hidden files by using CTRL+h.

Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 LTS with Gnome Files 3.14.3
To make it clear: I don't have the Unity desktop. If you have Unity or other desktop besides Gnome, this answer may not be of use to you. Second, I have done some mods so my panel may look different and may be in a different location. However the concept should be the same if you are using Gnome.

This image shows that you cannot access the Files "Preferences" menu when Files is closed. So whether you have Files docked in the panel or not does not matter. You need to open Files before you can start.

This is my menu in the Files app. Note I don't have any menu like "Edit -> Preferences" as others have shown elsewhere.

When Files is open you can right (outside) click its icon in the panel to open "Preferences".

Now when I go to the "Views" tab I can see "Show hidden and backup files". At this point my answer should be the same as shown elsewhere. It's just a matter of understanding that not everyone has the same desktop or Ubuntu version.


Installation-Allocate drive space/Boot Loader When I try to install Ubuntu 10.10 from the official livedisc I got in the mail, when I get to the "Allocate Disk Space" step I cannot get it to work.  I shrank my win7 partition so I have unallocated space, then I tried using the space while it is formatted in NTFS, but the partitions will not show up in the box.  /dev/sda is selected under boot loader, and I can't select anything else, but the partition box is blank so when I click "install ubuntu" it just says:  "No root file system is defined. Please correct this from the partitioning menu."

-I am trying to dual-boot win7 and ubuntu, but I was never asked in the install process whether I would like to install just ubuntu or dual-boot?

Open a terminal

type:

sudo apt-get remove dmraid

then type "y" then enter"

This TOTALLY worked. I did it all from 10.10 cd. Must be some RAID code interfering with the install - the new installation is terrible. Thanks for the help.

i guess you are doing it wrong. dont install ubuntu without reading the manual for advanced partition. you will end up deleting win 7 altogether!
check this tutotrial.

http://www.howtoplaza.com/how-to-install-ubuntu-904-on-a-manually-created-partition

it is based on ubuntu 9.04 but idea is the same. you need to create 2 partitions. one for swap and another for root. check the screenshots in that tutorial. if u still have confusion, come back and post q's again.


Gnome 3.10 doesn't show login, Ubuntu 13.10 I use gnome as default desktop. And I recently upgrade Ubuntu to 13.10 then upgraded gnome to 3.10. Upon restarting, it brings me to the gnome log in screen (GDM) and all I see is the top banner part so like your date, music volume, option to restart, suspend or shutdown.

Hitting Ctrl+Alt+Delete tells me gnome display manager will log out - it does but still nothing.

I am on the log in screen, but there is no user to select, like there normally is or was. I can boot into safe mode and drop down to shell but I am not sure what commands I would enter to get the login screen back. I am using the gnome PPA's and the "unstable" PPA, so I expected issues, but not this - ideas?

(re)install gdm:

sudo apt-get install gdm

and choose gdm, works for me.
Best, R.


Command for determining my public IP? If I check with google, I can see my public IP. Is there something on the Ubuntu command-line which will yield me the same answer?

If you are not behind a router, you can find it out using ifconfig.

If you are behind a router, then your computer will not know about the public IP address as the router does a network address translation.  You could ask some website what your public IP address is using curl or wget and extract the information you need from it:

curl -s https://checkip.dyndns.org | sed -e 's/.*Current IP Address: //' -e 's/<.*$//'

or shorter

curl https://ipinfo.io/ip

Simply issue a traceroute for any website or service..

sudo traceroute -I google.com

Line 2 always seems to be my public IP address after it gets past my router gateway.

user@user-PC ~ $ sudo traceroute -I google.com
traceroute to google.com (173.194.46.104), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
 1  25.0.8.1 (25.0.8.1)  230.739 ms  231.416 ms  237.819 ms
 2  199.21.149.1 (199.21.149.1)  249.136 ms  250.754 ms  253.994 ms**

So, make a bash command.

sudo traceroute -I google.com | awk -F '[ ]' '{ if ( $2 ="2" ) { print $5 } }'

And the output...

(199.21.149.1)

I don't think relying on PHP scripts and the sort is good practice.


KDEConnect or similar under GNOME I'm a KDE-User (Kubuntu, openSUSE, ArchLinux) since years. I pretty like GNOME and I'm thinking about switching over to GNOME - but every time I think about it I think: "Oh hey, wait a moment, you can't use KDEConnect anymore - Ok, I'll stay with KDE"

I really love the shared clipboard and the Android notifications in KDE-Desktop.
Is there any way to get this features under (Ubuntu) GNOME?
I heard of DeskCon and LinConnect, but both of them seem not to be an real replacement.

Any help?

Well, you could just install kdeconnect on Ubuntu GNOME, it would probably also install lots of KDE dependencies, but if you're fine with that then just install it and you'll get the functionality you want. Installing it and its dependencies shouldn't cause any problems and they will be available to all flavours with access to the official repositories (main, universe, restricted and multiverse).

But you should be aware that as you are not on a system with KDE libraries etc pre-installed that this will pull quite a lot of dependencies.

Have a look at this Gnome extension : https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1319/gsconnect/


How do I re-install Samba? I recently followed a guide to configure Samba but I couldn't get it configured properly. After realizing that the guide was six years out of date I thought I should start again.

I reinstalled samba by first using these commands:

sudo apt-get purge samba
sudo apt-get install samba

But after reading my configuration file (/etc/samba/smb.conf) I noticed that it was the same file, containing the same edits I had made. I then proceeded to delete the directory and then re-install samba again.

However, the directory is not replaced after re-instillation and now I don't appear to have a configuration file. How do I get it back? Or install Samba correctly?

Yes, already posted in the comments as a verified solution, but posting as an answer anyway.

Purging should indeed remove the configuration files as well, yet the configuration of the Samba server is tracked by the package samba-common, not samba. Yes, it's a bit confusing.

So, try purging and re-installing both packages like this:

sudo apt-get purge samba samba-common
sudo apt-get install samba

Maybe you don't need to reinstall samba, I was thinking reinstalling samba because I could not view my Linux Mint Machine from windows 8 machine: (I already had samba installed but not working properly.)

This worked for me:

Disconnect and forget the common connection you are trying to use on both machines.
Reconnect both machines retyping your password key (have it at hand or memorize it)
Upgrade samba with:

~ $ sudo apt-get upgrade samba

In a few seconds you should be able to see your Linux machine from windows.


Need help with ubuntu problom. Just installed Ubuntu 12.04

Memory: 4.9Gib
Processor: Pentium(R) Dual-Core CPU E5200 @ 2.50GHz × 2
OS type: 32-bit (I know I installed the 64bit from ubuntu download)
Disk 624.7 GB
Graphics: Unknown (have a Geforce GTX 650)

Searched additional Drivers
Clicked on Activate and got this error:

  Sorry,installation of this driver faild. Please have a look at the log file for details:/var/log/jockey.log

  I can post this but it is long.

Need help getting back to normal.

For old machines you can only install 32 bit version, since old CPUs are not able to work with 64 bit software.


What is nss-myhostname? And why is it not installable? dmesg shows the line

systemd-hostnamed[3964]: Warning: nss-myhostname is not installed.
Changing the local hostname might make it unresolveable. Please install nss-myhostname!

But

sudo apt-get install nss-myhostname

says

Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut.
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen.... Fertig
E: Paket nss-myhostname kann nicht gefunden werden.

...meaning "nss-myhostname not found".

Why? Do I have to react on the dmesg message?

There is a confirmed bug logged against systemd-hostnamed saying;

  Since nss-myhostname was rejected as being the right approach in https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libnss-myhostname/+bug/1162478/comments/6 , we should not print the warning message in the LTS release, even if hostnamed doesn't currently modify /etc/hosts.

  Can we please patch this warning out to prevent users from thinking something is wrong on their system and leading them to install libnss-myhostname?.

Even though it may avoid the warning, you may not want to install libnss-myhostname for that purpose only.

Any body seeing the message

 systemd-hostnamed
[16495]: Warning: nss-myhostname is not installed. Changing the local hostname might make it unresolveable. Please install nss-myhostname!

must read this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/systemd/+bug/1277608 this https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libnss-myhostname/+bug/1162478/comments/6 before installing the nss-myhostname package.

I was having the same issue.

Not a long-term solution by any means - but one that suited me - was to remove the old host names attached to my localhost in /etc/hosts/ as these are no longer used.

The message is no longer served.


Cannot Log In to Gnome 3.16 Dekstop I have installed Gnome 3.16 on my Ubuntu 15.04 (previously updated from 14.04) via:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo apt-get install gnome

However, I am unable to log into the Gnome desktop:

If I select gdm as my default desktop manager, my system boots to a black screen only showing the cursor. I can switch into tty, but no other X component loads.
If I leave lightdm selected, I am able to log in to Unity, but if I choose either Gnome or Gnome Classic I get a black screen for a couple of seconds after typing my password, then I'm back at the login screen. Gnome Flashback (both Compiz and Metacity options) works, but they are obviously not what I'm interested in using.

I've tried different suggestions from similar, but older, questions, including:

Removing any nvidia-* packages
Removing my .Xauthority file
Manually stopping gdm then running startx

None of these brought any improvement. The only potentially useful log info I can find is in the rather peculiarly-named /var/log/gdm/(null)-greeter.log:

(WW) xf86CloseConsole: KDSETMODE failed: Input/output error
(WW) xf86CloseConsole: VT_GETMODE failed: Input/output error
(EE)
Fatal server error:
(EE) xf86CloseConsole: VT_ACTIVATE failed: Input/output error
(EE)
(EE)
Please consult the The X.Org Foundation support
         at http://wiki.x.org
 for help.
(EE) Please also check the log file at "/var/log/Xorg.0.log" for additional information.
(EE)
(EE)
(EE) Backtrace:
(EE) 0: /usr/bin/X (xorg_backtrace+0x56) [0x7f13a8d92556]
(EE) 1: /usr/bin/X (0x7f13a8bdf000+0x1b7749) [0x7f13a8d96749]
(EE) 2: /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x7f13a68a5000+0x352f0) [0x7f13a68da2f0]
(EE) 3: ?? [0x7f13ab7f08c0]
(EE)
(EE) Segmentation fault at address 0x7f13ab7f08c0
(EE)
FatalError re-entered, aborting
(EE) Caught signal 11 (Segmentation fault). Server aborting

There is no error message in /var/log/Xorg.0.log.

Has anyone seen this before and do they have any suggestions?

Thank you.

I know this isn't an answer but I also have the same problem.

I had to purge the gnome-staging ppa and go back down to 3.14.

File a bug and I will also mark myself as affected.

Had the same problem and resolved by hitting ctrl + f1 to drop to a terminal, then running

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade


Clearing accumulated dotfile clutter in $HOME I have $HOME on a separate partition so I can do a fresh distro install without disturbing my user data. This has worked fine over multiple installs.

However, over time I've noticed an accumulation of crud in dotfiles and dot-directories in $HOME - config and startup and history files from various programmes, some of which I haven't used in months, others that are no longer installed. And others I'd be concerned about importing old (now broken) config into the new versions of the programs in the latest distro...

Some are trivial - a single config file - but others are huge (.config or .thunderbird!) and complicated - do I want to cleanout some or all of that?

Any tips on going through these to avoid inheriting junk from old config, but without losing anything too precious?

Although ~/.config is large:

$ du -hs ~/.config
155M    /home/user_name/.config

You will probably find the largest is ~/.cache:

$ du -hs ~/.cache
1.4G    /home/user_name/.cache

You can delete ~/.cache when no applications are running and sections of it are rebuilt as need be. There are some caveats raised by other users though:

Is it okay to delete the ~/.cache folder?

You definitely don't want to delete ~/.config which some users confuse with ~/.cache.

Caches exist in other places:

How to Free Up a Lot of Disk Space on Ubuntu Linux by Deleting Cached Package Files

Any tips on going through these to avoid inheriting junk from old config, but without losing anything too precious?

This will list the packages that have left over configuration files:

deborphan --find-config

This will do the clean up:

deborphan --find-config | xargs dpkg --purge

(install with sudo apt install deborphan). If this shows a

dpkg: error: --purge needs at least one package name argument

there are no files found to purge.

  do I want to cleanout some or all of that?

Your choice. It will do no harm not deleting them. And only save a few bytes. Clearing the cache will create more empty space though that might be temporary (cache will get rebuilt again).


How can I change the auto-hide function of Launcher to work better? I'm new to Ubuntu, 11.10 was the first version of Ubuntu I used, it was very good.

I've just made a new install of 12.04 (clean install, not upgrade), it's also very good too but the auto-hide function of launcher is really annoying, it doesn't show up when I move the mouse (or even click many times) to its area on the left. Does anyone else experience this problem? Is there a way to overcome this? Thank you.

1) It is NOT about how hard you push the mouse cursor to the screen edge, but how far you push it. To be able to reveal the launcher, you must continuously push the cursor against the edge to reveal it.

2) To fix the launcher reveal sensitivity:

a. Install then start "CompizConfig Settings Manager"

b. Navigate to "Desktop" -> "Ubuntu Unity Plugin" -> "Experimental" tab

c. Find the string "Launcher Reveal Pressure"

d. The default is 20, change it to 8 (or whatever you prefer)

e. You don't have to close CCSM to apply the changes. Keep changing the value till you are satisfied with the result, then close CCSM.

This worked for me:

Auto-hide launcher "ON"
Sensitivity "High"
After the launcher has hidden, hit the left side of the screen with the pointer, and drag it down against the edge.  The launcher will pop up.

Hopefully this will be fixed by the good folks at Ubuntu.


How can I make fonts look like they do in Windows? Fonts look bad and blurry in Ubuntu. When I compare a site in Ubuntu and Windows the Windows font look much more readable even after I import all of my Windows fonts. How can I change this?

When you say “make fonts look good”, you really mean “make fonts look like I'm used to” - if you were coming from a Mac you'd be asking “how do I prevent my fonts being distorted”.

Font rendering in Windows is heavily aligned to the pixel grid, trading sharp edges for distorted fonts.  This corresponds to the “full hinting” option in Appearance→Fonts→Details.  You shouldn't have to touch any further configuration.

Font rendering on OS X is the other way around - it does not distort the font shapes, meaning that most glyphs span a pixel boundary.  This corresponds to the “none” hinting option.

By default, Ubuntu is somewhere in between - using slight hinting which distorts the fonts a bit to make them fit the pixel-grid better.

If you're using an LCD display you should have subpixel antialiasing enabled, regardless of the hinting type.

Microsoft core fonts can also be installed from command line using:

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts


How to create a new partition on an already encrypted hard drive? I have already encrypted my hard drive and while installing Ubuntu 17.10 on my Lenovo Ideapad. Now I wish to create a new partition on it but Gparted is not allowing me to do so. Is there any way to create a new partition without reinstalling the OS.

You are likely better off backing up your files and reinstalling as this guide suggests, either way, this should help.

ResizeEncryptedPartitions | Ubuntu Community Help Wiki


var/cache/apt/archives occupying huge space I am in the process of cleaning up my system. And I see a lot of space occupied by this folder /var/cache/apt/archives (1.5GB). Is it absolutely necessary to keep all these archives?

You don't need to keep them around if you don't want them. Executing a

sudo apt-get clean

will clean out the directory.

It is better to save packages elsewhere then clean it up [Jorge Castro's process]. When you reinstall OS or a package it will not download again which save time and bandwidth. apt-get first check require packages in local storage[/var/cache/apt/archives] if does not exists then download else just do install. So you can save packages for future uses.


I have linux installed on my macbook and i need to create a windows usb I have linux installed as my only OS on my macbook pro retina version and i need to create a installation usb that will boot on the usb...this has been frustrating for me and i need some help with this :/(internet recovery to get bootcamp IS NOT an option,the download is too long and my internet will cut off before it can install fully.)

Thanks in advance

Try the dd command:

sudo dd bs=4M if=/path/to/file.iso of=/dev/sdX && sudo sync

/dev/sdX = mounted usb-drive

Use Pendrive's Universal USB Installer (also known as UUI) and select the Windows option (there is Windows Vista to Windows 8 (or even Windows 10))


Ubuntu/Kubuntu 14.04 LTS can't boot on a Nvidia Optimus Laptop I am unable to boot Ubuntu/Kubuntu 14.04 LTS on Thinkpad T420i with Nvidia Optimus enabled. System boots to a blank screen. System also slowly turns into a furnace. Temperature would read close to 100C or maximum for the system.

Thanks.

You'll have to go into BIOS and disable Nvidia Optimus, should fix your problem.

Here's another thread relating to your topic:Nvidia Optimus Issues


LaTeX doesn't work after upgrade to 12.10 I just updated to Ubuntu 12.10 but now LaTeX doesn't work any more. Kile always asks me "did you run LaTeX?". I'm quite new in this stuff, so it seems a bit strange for me, because in 12.04 it worked always without any exception.
I also tried it with other Editors, but there were similar mistakes, so I guess it is related to the upgrade.
Perhaps anybody of you has a hint.

There is a question at StackExchange with a error similar to what you get.

The solution stated there was to remove the ~/.texmf-var folder. Usually this folder only has "auto-generated" files, but try this:

mv ~/.textmf-var ~/textmf-var-mackup

and check if the problem goes away. If not, you can rename the backup folder to its original name.

Upgrading has a drawback - programs may not work because of different structures and/or different, new or redundant libraries.

Solution : Try re-installing Kile(or any other program not working).


Not able to login through root user I have installed Ubuntu 14.04 LTS . During installation on my Windows PC using VMWARE Player, it asked a username and I provided one. But now after successful installation, I also want to login as the root user. But unfortunately I don't know how to retrieve the root password or change it.
How can I log in as the root user?

If you lose control of root:

Before you format again, check /etc/passwd, e.g.,

gvim /etc/passwd

you should see a line like

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/csh

sometimes this gets incorrectly modified, e.g.:

root:x:0:0:root:/root:csh

Essentially the system cannot find the location of the installed shell from where to invoke root. Correct it!

You should have root access back!

use the following method to give yourself permission to modify that file.

sudo adduser <username> www-data
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www
sudo chmod -R g+rw /var/www


Cannot connect to wireless network Changing my Gateway MX6448 laptop out from Windows XP

Downloaded Ubuntu 13.10.

Cannot find a way to get my wireless network be detected.

I have Broadcom BCM4311 wireless but cannot find any settings for it in the operating system. The wireless router that I am using is a Netgear n300 model # WNR2000.

I am also using a MacBook Pro and Mac Pro within the network. What can I do?

Try to download and install the driver from here
802.11 Linux STA driver | Broadcom


How to install the latest Java OpenJDK version? My system is Ubuntu 10.04.4 (LTS)

I know there is OpenJDK "1.6.0_24"

The version in Ubuntu is "1.6.0_20"

How do I install the latest version of the OpenJDK available?

I Just used this line in terminal:

sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre

Hope it work for you.


How to install Ubuntu from an external hard drive connected with a SATA to USB adapter cable? How would I write the install ISO to a hard drive which is mounted through a USB adapter cable?
This can just be treated as a large USB "thumb" type drive?  It shows as:
/media/nicholas/3e798148-4333-4add-ba6c-f4272c17263e

or are additional steps needed to use it as a drive to install from?

Installing Ubuntu FROM External USB Drive
Ubuntu can be installed from an external USB drive.
There are a few Challenges: Many Live installers such as Etcher, dd, mkusb, Gnome-Disks, Startup Disk Creator, Win32DiskImager, etc, clone the ISO as a ISO9660 partition and overwrite everything on the disk.
Other Live installers such as UNetbootin and YUMI-BIOS/UEFI, (version 0.0.8.1) will install to a partition on the disk, but only to a FAT32 partition They will not overwrite the whole disk like ISO9660 installers will. The maximum size of a FAT32 partition is 32GB on Windows, so most larger drives come as NTFS. A 4GB partition can be created on an external USB drive and Ubuntu Live can be installed to it.
YUMI-BIOS only, (version 2.0.7.9) and Universal USB installer, (version 1.9.9.7), will install to a NTFS partition without overwriting the whole disk or partition. These tools are available free from Pendrivelinux.com.
All of the above installers will overwrite any MBR on the partition being installed to, so we should be careful not to try to install Ubuntu or, any Linux, to a partition with a useful OS on it.


Steam wasn't opening, so I looked at another post There it said that I should edit the environmental variable in front of the Ssteam desktop application How?

I really want to be able to just click on the icon on my desktop as opposed to opening terminal every time and typing a long command. Help? Please?

Also, I don't know anything about coding/Linux.

You could set a shortcut on your Desktop that sets the environment variable and launches Steam, it'd basically be a shortcut to the long command you put into the terminal to launch it.


Skipping acquire of configured file 'contrib/binary-i386/Packages' as repository ... doesn't support architecture 'i386' I installed Ubuntu 18.04 and then while installing Virtualbox i get the 'i386' error message after I did:

$ sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease [242 kB]
Hit:2 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security InRelease
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/danielrichter2007/grub-customizer/ubuntu bionic InRelease
Hit:4 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-updates InRelease
Hit:5 http://nl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-backports InRelease
Get:6 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic InRelease [4429 B]
Get:7 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic/contrib amd64 Packages [1426 B]
Fetched 248 kB in 1s (209 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'contrib/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'

I found several answers on Askubuntu for the 'i386' message but I don't know how to apply this to my situation

Edit:
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

and change:
deb https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

for
deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

Or open terminal an execute the following command:
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list

Or run this bash script to install virtualbox and its dependencies from Oracle repository (tested in Ubuntu 18.04/20.04):
chmod +x VboxInstall.sh && ./VboxInstall.sh
#!/bin/bash
# Install Virtualbox from Oracle Repository
echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
sudo su -c 'wget -q -O- https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc | apt-key add -'
sudo su -c 'wget -q -O- http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian/oracle_vbox_2016.asc | apt-key add -'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get -y install linux-headers-$(uname -r) build-essential gcc make perl dkms bridge-utils
sudo apt-get -y install virtualbox-6.1
sudo dpkg --configure -a && sudo apt-get -f -y install
export VBOX_VER=`VBoxManage --version | awk -Fr '{print $1}'`
wget -c http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/$VBOX_VER/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$VBOX_VER.vbox-extpack
sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-$VBOX_VER.vbox-extpack
sudo usermod -a -G vboxusers $USER
sudo update-grub
sudo /sbin/vboxconfig

Important: If you have a previous versions of virtualbox installed (from Ubuntu or Oracle repositories), remove it and backup your VM and config before running script
# Purge Virtualbox
sudo vboxmanage list runningvms | sed -r 's/.*\{(.*)\}/\1/' | sudo xargs -L1 -I {} VBoxManage controlvm {} savestate
sudo VBoxManage extpack uninstall "Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack"
sudo systemctl stop vboxweb-service.service
# using wildcard may not work on some linux systems, and you have to specify the version to remove:
sudo apt-get -y autoremove --purge virtualbox*
sudo rm -rf /etc/vbox /usr/lib/virtualbox /opt/VirtualBox /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
# optional:
# sudo rm -rf ~/.config/VirtualBox

Source: Virtualbox kernel service is not running

I wanted to add a comment to secretAgent regarding this but I don't have enough reputation for that.

We need not use https for apt packages for the reasons listed on this site: https://whydoesaptnotusehttps.com/

Also, incase your virtualbox source is in /etc/apt/sources.list, ajcg's answer can be modified to:

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Edit the line

deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

to

deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib

Or you could just fire up your terminal and type

echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -sc) contrib" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list


How to mount a partially damaged disk in an ubuntu LiveCd boot Sudeenly a friend's windows disk stop working (when you trying to boot it, you can see the message: Non-System disk or disk error replace and strike any key when ready.

So I booted from a Ubuntu's LiveCD and expected to get her disk mounted. Well, it didn't...

So, what I want to do is to acces this disk data to recover the files. Could you please help me?

The problem is that this disk isn't in fstab and when I look inside /dev what I see is:

./by-id:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 120 ene 15 10:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 120 ene 15 10:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 ene 15 10:30 ata-FUJITSU_MHW2120BH_NZ1DT7730D0K -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 ene 15 10:30 ata-TSSTcorp_CDDVDW_TS-L632H -> ../../sr0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 ene 15 10:30 usb-Kingston_DataTraveler_2.0_5B830900004B-0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 ene 15 10:30 usb-Kingston_DataTraveler_2.0_5B830900004B-0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1

./by-label:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  60 ene 15 10:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 120 ene 15 10:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 ene 15 10:30 PENDRIVE -> ../../sdb1

./by-path:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  80 ene 15 10:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 120 ene 15 10:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root   9 ene 15 10:30 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0 -> ../../sdb
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 ene 15 10:30 pci-0000:00:1d.7-usb-0:2:1.0-scsi-0:0:0:0-part1 -> ../../sdb1

./by-uuid:
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root  80 ene 15 10:29 .
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 120 ene 15 10:29 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  10 ene 15 10:30 7482-7C6A -> ../../sdb1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  11 ene 15 10:30 90951fb7-d63c-415a-bed2-1a6ca944f428 -> ../../loop1

As you can see the 'ata-FUJITSU_.....' can be seem by id, but not by label, path nor uuid - and the bad thing is that I'm a noob and don't know how to mount disks "by id".

Also, when I try the "gui smart test tool" it says that faild to that disk.

Some extra data that might be useful:

sudo fdisk -lu:

Disco /dev/sda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
255 cabezas, 63 sectores/pista, 14593 cilindros, 234441648 sectores en total
Unidades = sectores de 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Tamaño de sector (lógico / físico): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Tamaño E/S (mínimo/óptimo): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Identificador del disco: 0x570a7939

Disposit. Inicio    Comienzo      Fin      Bloques  Id  Sistema

Disco /dev/sdb: 4005 MB, 4005560320 bytes
255 cabezas, 63 sectores/pista, 486 cilindros, 7823360 sectores en total
Unidades = sectores de 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Tamaño de sector (lógico / físico): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Tamaño E/S (mínimo/óptimo): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Identificador del disco: 0x0007e6ff

Disposit. Inicio    Comienzo      Fin      Bloques  Id  Sistema
/dev/sdb1   *          63     7823359     3911648+   b  W95 FAT32

sudo blkid:

/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/loop1: UUID="90951fb7-d63c-415a-bed2-1a6ca944f428" TYPE="ext3"
/dev/sdb1: LABEL="PENEDRIVE" UUID="7482-7C6A" TYPE="vfat"

I don't see /dev/sda1, I see only /dev/SDA/.
Probably you have destroyed your windows partition.
Can you see on gparted the windows partition?
Probably you can't recover any data....

If you deleted only the first sectors(that contain partition table) you can try to recover it with hiren's tools.

This is all i know, i hope that other can be more usefull.


How to prevent laptop from overheating in backpack? A friend said, his laptop's battery is very weak after Ubuntu failed to suspend after lid closed. He then quickly put laptop to backpack and did not realized, that laptop is still working.

I'm wondering how to make Ubuntu beep when lid is closed for N minutes, but system is not suspended and temperature increased up to a danger zone?

UPDATE:
Question here is how to make it warn me that it failed to switch off. If I'll be in a hurry I'm sure I will not want to wait 5s until I'll be sure it went off. I'll be closing the lid, throwing laptop into backpack and running. :)

I've written a script that counts seconds with the lid closed[1] and shutdowns the system after 1 minute. I've seen that every once in a few months my laptop will not go to suspend[2] and it will get REALLY hot inside my backpack and I'll get really sad/mad.

Anyway to answer your direct question here is a script that will beep every 1 second when lid is closed:

while sleep 1; do
    grep 'closed' /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state && beep
done

But I don't recommend you use it. The reason is that I've not found a reliable way to make a loud beep from a laptop (or most today’s desktops). And besides: what if you don't hear the beeps (your laptop is most likely inside a bag that protects it and suppresses audio output from it)? I suggest you just shutdown the system after one minute of beeps.

[1] I'm checking the contents of /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID0/state to find out if the lid is closed.

[2] syslog will have a line stating that Freezing of tasks failed after 20.xxx seconds

Long answer short: put the laptop into shutdown/hibernate mode whilst in a backpack.

No need to worry about overheating.


Shutdown logs out instead of shutting down Many times (not all the time) when I want to shutdown or restart, the computer does not shutdown but goes to the  screen for changing the user.  I am the only user of my computer.  So I had to shutdown a second time.  Is there a solution for this?

I found this issue reported as a bug for 10.04 and 10.10. Supposedly it has been fixed for those versions. Guess it was a problem with ConsoleKit.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/consolekit/+bug/554158

However, there appears to be either a regression or entirely new cause of this infernal behaviour in the 11.xx series. I inconsistently experience this problem on 11.10. See this associated bug report:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gnome-session/+bug/838792

In the terminal you can enter:

Shutdown: sudo halt

Restart: sudo reboot

To bring up the terminal quickly you can press Ctrl Alt t.


Remove Spotify icon from panel? I installed Spotify (folowing the instuctions here: http://howtoubuntu.org/how-to-install-spotify-in-ubuntu)
For some reason it adds an ugly low res icon/item to the menu bar that does not fit the theme at all. I tried to search the options for an option to remove it, but I could not find any.

Screenshot: http://i.stack.imgur.com/mUJwv.png

So my question is, if there is some tool or something I could use to remove items from the menu bar? Or just a way to hide this ugly green icon

You can click on the Spotify icon and click quit or Go into Spotify > Prefs > Show/Hide Panel Icon


Valid SSH command to create a RAID5? Valid SSH Commands for creating and rebuilding RAID5 with 4 drives:

To create a RAID5 with 4 hard drives:

mdadm --create /dev/md1 --level=5 --raid-devices=4 /dev/hd[abcd]5

To rebuild a RAID5 with 4 hard drives:

mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2

Presuming you're trying to rebuild as in restore redundancy to an array that has lost one disk

If the array is not already assembled, assemble it: mdadm --assemble --scan /dev/md1 (if it's in the config file) or mdadm --assemble /dev/md1 /dev/sda2 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdc2 /dev/sdd2. If one of the disks has failed, just leave it off the line.
If the rebuild was needed because because of an unclean shutdown, etc. it should happen automatically now. You can watch the status by cat /proc/mdstat. NOTE: If it says its in 'auto read-only mode', you need to write the the array (mounting the filesystem surely will), or use mdadm -w /dev/md1 to get it to start.
If the rebuild is because of a failed disk, add the replacement disk to the array: mdadm -a /dev/md1 /dev/sde2 (sde2 being the new disk). You might have to do mdadm --run /dev/md1 as well.

If by "rebuild" you mean recover from something that is supposed to be fatal to RAID5 (e.g., double-disk failure), then that's more complicated, and the steps depend on exactly what lead up to the failure.

No; --create means exactly what it says: create a new array.  Replacing the failed drive with mdadm --add should automatically start the rebuild.


Can't find wifi adapter I'm new to ubuntu.  I'm running 18.04.3 from a USB drive on a Lenovo 130S-11GM laptop.  It finds the bluetooth adapter ok, but it can't find the wifi adapter.

The adapter is an Intel Dual Band AC3165.

I ran the sudo rfkill list command and it showed the following:

0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN
   Soft blocked: no
   Hard blocked: yes
1: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth
   Soft blocked: yes
   Hard blocked: yes
2: hci0: Bluetooth
   Soft blocked: yes
   Hard blocked: no
3: phy0: Wireless LAN
   Soft blocked: no
   Hard blocked: no

BTW, the bluetooth works just fine.

I ran the sudo rfkill unblock all command, but nothing changed.

I ran the command: cat /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf
   And the result was the following:
   cat: /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf: No such file or directory.

I ran the command "uname -r" which returned the result "5.0.0-23-generic".

I ran the command "dmesg | grep iwl" which returned the following:

  [   31.755409] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: loaded firmware version 29.1044073957.0 op_mode iwlmvm
  [   31.887621] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: Detected Intel® Dual Band Wireless AC 3165, REV=0x210
  [   31.915790] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0: base HW address: a0:51:0b:11:d7:fd
  [   32.076604] ieee80211 phy0: Selected rate control algorithm 'iwl-mvm-rs'
  [   33.576920] iwlwifi 0000:03:00.0 wlp3s0: renamed from wlan0

Thanks.

**NOTE*******  Whereas I never could get it to work with Ubuntu 18.04, it works fine with Ubuntu 19.10 "right out of the box".

Run in a terminal

sudo tee /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-ideapad.conf <<< "blacklist ideapad_laptop"

and reboot.

That should fix the hard block.

Please visit

https://www.intel.in/content/www/in/en/support/articles/000005511/network-and-i-o/wireless-networking.html?productId=89450&localeCode=in_en

Download the driver for your Adapter.

Unzip the files and copy 2 files with .ucode extension to /lib/firmware.


How do I fix "chdir(): No such file or directory [uwsgi.c line 1723]" on in wsgi on nginx? I have treeio project in my home directory, now I want to run that treeio in nginx server. Already treeio can independently run on Django comes with the source. I don't want to run that in Django server, but I want to run it on nginx server. I just followed the steps given in this answer of Karthik.

However, while executing or following step 4 from that answer, it throws the following error:

[uWSGI] getting INI configuration from uwsgi.ini
* Starting uWSGI 1.0.3-debian (32bit) on [Thu Jun 27 17:22:01 2013] *
compiled with version: 4.6.3 on 17 July 2012 02:24:04
current working directory: /home/rajesh/treeio
detected binary path: /usr/bin/uwsgi-core
chdir(): No such file or directory [uwsgi.c line 1723]

My uwsgi.ini file contains

[uwsgi]
# set the http port
http = :8080

# change to django project directory
chdir = /home/treeio/

# add /var/www to the pythonpath, in this way we can use the project.app format
pythonpath = /var/www

# set the project settings name
env = DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=treeio.settings

# load django
module = django.core.handlers.wsgi:WSGIHandler()

Please help me in deploying treeio in nginx server.

The chdir error message indicates that it is trying to get a dir that doesn't exist.

It would appear from your displayed output that, that dir would either be /home/rajesh/treeio or /home/treeio/.

Given that the dir has been configured to act as a relevant django project dir, it would more likely be /home/treeio/; but that configuration may only have been specified in the uwsgi.ini that you have displayed.

Therefore, it is very likely to be in existence, and thus a permission problem, due to the fact that /home/treeio/ does not have to be in existence.

I have received the same error message. I have checked the error log file - django.log -  available in /var/log/uwsgi/app/ and the changed project folder path to end with "/"  in the /var/www/html/sites-enabled configuration file and solved  the issue for me.


Loud pop on shutdown/reboot Everytime I shut my computer down or reboot it there is a very loud pop/crack from the speakers. It sounds dangerous, like they are going to blow up. Is there a way to automatically mute the volume on shutdown?

The popping is not a result of your computer not being muted; it's probably a result of capacitor discharge being sent to your speakers.

From what you've said, it sounds like you have a set of external speakers? If this is the case, turn them off before booting down; this will prevent any discharge from being amplified, and therefore being heard.

You need  turn EAPD off in alsa driver.

http://www.alsa-project.org/main/index.php/Detailed_HDA_changes_v1.0.24_v1.0.25#HDA_Intel_driver


installing Brother DCP-J315W I want to install a Brother DCP-J315W printer. I use Ubuntu 12.04
When I search in Brother solutions center there are drivers but they come with the instruction too bad to install.
Are there other drivers?
Should I use another version of Ubuntu?

There is indeed a very easy solution:

Install all brother drivers by terminal sudo apt-get install "brother-* or by synaptic
Search for the printer name, e.g. dpkg -S DCP
Install the nearest match, in your case DCP 310CN

quote too much

This is not working. Should be as follows:

apt-get install brother-* in >Terminal.

Printer is now working


Hardware clock is using UTC time Since yesterday my clock is showing a wrong time.

It is two hours behind on the local time. (This wrong time is UTC, don't know if this is coincidence).

I do have a dual boot with windows, but I don't think that is the problem, because in my config file /etc/default/rcS the entry for UTC is already set to no.

Anyone have an idea?

hwclock from util-linux 2.20.1
Using /dev interface to clock.
Last drift adjustment done at 1396258906 seconds after 1969
Last calibration done at 1396258906 seconds after 1969
Hardware clock is on UTC time
Assuming hardware clock is kept in UTC time.
Waiting for clock tick...
...got clock tick
Time read from Hardware Clock: 2015/07/02 09:10:34
Hw clock time : 2015/07/02 09:10:34 = 1435828234 seconds since 1969
Thu 02 Jul 2015 11:10:34 CEST  -0.516481 seconds

Hardware clock is on UTC time

If your hardware clock is using UTC time, the system needs to know it! Change the UTC configuration of the clock in the /etc/default/rcS file to yes. The system will presume your clock is UTC and apply offset accordingly. Of course, your clock should also have the correct time. Once this is set, with hwclock --set --date="02/07/2015 10:21:00" (--date should be provided with the local time, even if the hardware clock use UTC) your system should use the correct time. Now you can use ntp daemon, for example to keep your clock on time.

First check you have corretc time zone, run the command:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure tzdata

if tzdata is not installed:

sudo apt-get install tzdata

You can now sync and correct your time settings with command ntpdate:

sudo ntpdate time.nist.gov

here you can find a list of time servers around world : http://www.pool.ntp.org/

Check this answer https://askubuntu.com/a/641160/150504 for more information


Unable to launch steam/tf2 using nouveau Trying to use nouveau driver isntead of the nvidia driver cause of poor performance, but I am unable to launch steam to use the dedicated card.

Launching as env DRI_PRIME=1 steam steam://rungameid/440

getting

Running Steam on ubuntu 16.04 64-bit
STEAM_RUNTIME is enabled automatically
grep: symbol lookup error: grep: undefined symbol: pcre_jit_stack_alloc
grep: symbol lookup error: grep: undefined symbol: pcre_jit_stack_alloc
grep: symbol lookup error: grep: undefined symbol: pcre_jit_stack_alloc
Installing breakpad exception handler for appid(steam)/version(1465948400)
libGL error: unable to load driver: nouveau_dri.so
libGL error: driver pointer missing
libGL error: failed to load driver: nouveau
libGL error: unable to load driver: swrast_dri.so
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast

Launching tf2 seperately also fails,. DRI_PRIME=1 ~/.steam/steam/steamapps/common/Team\ Fortress\ 2/hl2.sh gives me,

SDL video target is 'x11'
SDL video target is 'x11'
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_framebuffer_object.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_framebuffer_blit.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_APPLE_fence.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_NV_fence.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_sync.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_draw_buffers2.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_bindable_uniform.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_APPLE_flush_buffer_range.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_map_buffer_range.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_vertex_buffer_object.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_occlusion_query.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_APPLE_texture_range.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_APPLE_client_storage.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_uniform_buffer.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_vertex_array_bgra.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_vertex_array_bgra.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_framebuffer_object.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_GREMEDY_string_marker.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_debug_output.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_direct_state_access.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_NV_bindless_texture.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_AMD_pinned_memory.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_framebuffer_multisample_blit_scaled.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_NVX_gpu_memory_info.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GL_ATI_meminfo.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_texture_compression_s3tc.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_EXT_texture_compression_dxt1.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt3.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ANGLE_texture_compression_dxt5.
This system supports the OpenGL extension GL_ARB_buffer_storage.
This system DOES NOT support the OpenGL extension GLX_EXT_swap_control_tear.
OpenGL: Gallium 0.4 on NVD7 3.0 Mesa 11.2.0 (3.0.0)
GL_NV_bindless_texture: DISABLED
GL_AMD_pinned_memory: DISABLED
GL_ARB_buffer_storage: AVAILABLE
GL_EXT_texture_sRGB_decode: AVAILABLE
AppFramework : Unable to load module vguimatsurface.so!
Unable to load interface VGUI_Surface030 from vguimatsurface.so

glxgears works. What do I do ?

Give This a shot.

LD_PRELOAD='/usr/$LIB/libstdc++.so.6' steam

Hope it helps.

Steam has its own built in Runtime Library. You can find more information on it Arch Wiki

Ironically this works with Ubuntu as well.

How to: (KDE Linux 64-bit)
On a clean or freshly installed and fully updated operating system. (Make sure the non-free repository is enabled).  Reboot at least once after updating. Download a Nvidia driver run file that suits your video card from Nvidia.com. Make sure you copy the run file into your /home/your-username directory. Do not copy it into documents or downloads. That makes it more difficult for you.
Stop using the Nouveau driver by using the "Configure Video Card" to enable the VESA video driver. Do not remove Nouveau or you will upset shared libraries. After installing VESA with the low resolution.
From here on I suggest you either write the following commands on a piece of paper or bookmark this page on your phone.

Open a terminal.

As root, enter init 3 (init 3  =  Network is present, multitasking is present but without a GUI) Nvidia will never install in a graphical user interface. Now you panic as you only have black screen waiting for your input.

Enter root.

Enter your password.

Enter cd /home/yourname (This places you looking at your home directory).

Enter ls (This shows you what files are there in your home directory; complete with the name of the nvidia.run file that you need for the next step.)

Enter sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-xxx.xx.run (Type exactly what Nvidia name ls shows you.)

Answer all questions with yes by using the left or right keys and Enter key to accept.
The .run file is a self-extracting archive. When executed, it extracts the contents of the archive and runs the contained nvidia-installer utility, which provides an interactive interface to walk you through the installation.

After Nvidia installer finishes the init 3 screen returns to your root command. Enter reboot

Now you have successfully installed the proprietary Nvidia driver with all of the required dependencies. You will notice that it also rewrites the grub2 to stop using Nouveau.


How to fix VLC and vlsub ubuntu 14? I have installed VLC but the extension vlsub is not working. the version 0.9.10 only opens when there is no video playing and stay still. the version 0.9.11 appears two times and none of them open. what to do?

Cache folder is missing. Create using the following command

mkdir ~/.cache/vlc

I hope this fixes the problem.

curl ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/debian/videolan-apt.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb ftp://ftp.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable ./" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list
sudo apt-get update

Install VLC and Mplayer, and their support elements

sudo apt-get install vlc vlc-data vlc-plugin-pulse browser-plugin-vlc mplayer2

Install remaining Ubuntu 'restricted extras' (skip if space is critical)

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-restricted-extras

Enable full DVD support (depending on which Ubuntu release, these three packages may already be installed)

sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 libdvdnav4 libdvdread4
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh
sudo apt-get install gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-bad-multiverse


13.10 Workspace switcher view is duplicated on multiple monitors I work with an additional monitor connected to my laptop. When I upgraded from 13.04 to 13.10, the workspace switcher view has changed. In 13.04 I was getting both of the screens showing one switcher view spread across both screens but now each screen is showing a duplicate view. I liked the old way better. How can I switch it back?

I found the answer to my question in CCSM. The following screenshot shows the related page. You can reach it under Expo settings. At the bottom of the image, the combo box named Multi Output Mode is what I needed. Changing it from One wall per output to One big wall did it.

13.10, Desktop-AMD64 Saucy Salamander has the Workspace utility switched off by default.  Install "Unity Tweak Tool", launch the application and click on "Workspace Settings".

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2013/07/change-number-of-workspaces-ubuntu/


What is a good alternative to the sux command? With the coming 14.04 release sux (wrapper around su which will transfer your X credentials) is no longer included in Ubuntu.
(I think it is being removed because it is being pulled from Debian, because of no maintenance of the original code.)

I'm looking for simple alternatives, not something that requires you to mess around with config-files or run sshd locally.

I've been very sad too to see that there were no easy alternative to sux at first, but ended with this:

In /etc/pam.d/su, to forward xauth keys between users when calling su, add:

session  optional  pam_xauth.so

In ~olivier/.bashrc:

export $(dbus-launch)

(Not sure it is actually needed.)
And then a simple su olivier from my logged-in user.

Download sux from here http://fgouget.free.fr/index-en.shtml
Copy sux to directory in your path (/usr/local/bin for example)
Change permissions to executable  (chmod 755 sux), i don't know if these permissions are the ritgh ones
Replace /bin/sh for /bin/bash

Mi system is debian 10

Regards


Ubuntu 17.10 doesn't load captive portal I have installed Ubuntu 17.10 on my laptop, and there have been a host of problems with wifi. The one that I am trying to solve right now is the fact that it connects to a network, but it does not load the captive portal. When I open a browser to load the captive portal, it also fails. I have tried resetting network and NetworkManager, both of which fail after timing out.

My laptop is an Acer Aspire E 15 E5-575-33BM.

Captive portals are weird.

You may just need to visit a non-HTTPS web page to actually trigger the captive page loading, as HTTPS pages can't normally be intercepted/redirected by the gateway.

One such well-known example of a non-HTTPS site is http://captive.apple.com, and is actually what Apple products use to check for a captive portal. Another well-known page is http://www.msftncsi.com/ which does (roughly) the same thing for Windows devices. There are many others on the web as well if you'd rather use those.

Try using one of these in your browser first, and it may cause the captive page to kick in and load.

As root, do the following:

echo "nameserver 8.8.8.8" > /etc/resolv.conf

This immediately solved the problem for me. Hope it helps you too.


How to open a folder (with GUI) from terminal? I want to place a link/shortcut/launcher in my unity panel (ubuntu 12.10).

I followed this tutorial on handytutorial.com to create a custom launcher and drag it to the panel.

I just need to know which command do I have to input. Is this possible?

gnome-open does not work for me on 12.04 but nautilus /path to open does work.

example: nautilus /home/john/Downloads.

Use Midori's app function. When I make an app this way it is added to launchers.


Can my computer run Ubuntu? Just want to check if my computer can run Ubuntu. It is an old IBM ThinkPad, so here are the basic stats I could find:

IBM 28832ZU
Processor Intel(R) Celeron(R) M processor 1300MHz
Processor Speed 1.27 GHz
Memory (RAM) 2048 MB
Operating System Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Operating System Version 5.1.2600
Intel Extreme Graphics 2M

And here is some info pulled from the graphics panel

NTEL(R) EXTREME GRAPHICS 2 FOR MOBILE REPORT

Report Date:        06/28/2013
Report Time[hr:mm:ss]:  17:53:20
Driver Version:     6.14.10.3943
Operating System:   Windows NT* 5.1.2600 Service Pack 2
Default Language:   English
DirectX* Version:   9.0
Physical Memory:    2038 MB
Min. Graphics Memory:   8 MB
Max. Graphics Memory:   64 MB
Graphics Memory in use: 7 MB
Processor:      x86 family 6 Model 9 Stepping 5
Processor Speed:    1296 MHZ
Device Revision:    2

Output Devices Connected to Graphics Accelerator   *

Active Notebook Displays:1

Ubuntu would be quite slow, if running at all, on your machine.

I would recommend trying Lubuntu, which is much leaner than Ubuntu and will work well with limited resources. Here is Lubuntu's homepage : http://www.lubuntu.net/

I also have a low powered laptop with Lubuntu and all works great.
Lubuntu is a light weight UI.


Setting to protect gnome-terminal from key logging Looks like it is easy to log keystrokes of all processes of the same user. A basic keylogger is 'xinput'.

xinput test-xi2

The command generates log of all key-presses. Unfortunately, this includes passwords in gnome-terminal. Googling suggested that grabbing keyboard may prevent other windows from capturing key strokes.

Is there a way to prevent XI2 logging in gnome-terminal? Or is there an X terminal that has this feature?

It's not possible as any keystrokes passed on to the X server, will be available for xinput/any arbitrary program. (In fact, it's part of the design). New display servers like Wayland and Mir are fixing such security problems in X. The only real solution would be to use Wayland or Mir instead of X. This blog post details this issue.

As others said here, it's not possible to protect only a program like gnome-terminal or other terminal from key logging, only if you restrict standard users to execute any key logger or if you stop/pause any key logger process.

Next I will show you how you can do these in case of xinput command, but the same methods can be used for any other key logger. If a key logger uses xinput command, it is not necessary to apply the method upon it as long as you apply it upon xinput.

1. Restrict standard users to use xinput command

You can restrict standard users to use xinput command using the following command:

sudo chmod go-x /usr/bin/xinput

2. Restrict standard users to use xinput command with test-xi2 argument

You can restrict standard users to use xinput command with test-xi2 argument by writing a wrapper for this command. To do this, go in terminal and follow the instructions below:

Get root privileges:

sudo -i

Move xinput file in another directory which is not in any user's PATH (for example /opt):

mv /usr/bin/xinput /new/path/to/xinput

Create your wrapper for xinput command in /usr/bin:

gedit /usr/bin/xinput

Add the following script inside:

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$@" != "${@/test-xi2/}" -a "$(whoami)" != "root" ]; then
    echo "`basename $0` $@: Permission denied"
else
    /new/path/to/xinput $@
fi

Save the file and close it.
Make the new wrapper executable:

chmod +x /usr/bin/xinput

While first method is safety, using second method, the user may still circumvent it by calling the original xinput directly if he know its new location.

3. Stop/pause any xinput process

You can stop or pause any xinput process before to enter a password or anything else that you don't want to be logged. To do this, add the following bash function at the end of your ~/.bashrc file:

processof () {
    xinput_pids=" $(pidof $1) "
    if [ "$xinput_pids" = "  " ]; then
        echo "Nothing to stop/pause/continue. $1: no such process!"
        return
    fi
    for pid in $xinput_pids; do
        case $2 in
        "stop")
            kill $pid
            echo "$1: stopped"
            ;;
        "pause")
            kill -stop $pid
            echo "$1: paused"
            ;;
        "continue")
            kill -cont $pid
            echo "$1: continue"
            ;;
        *)
            echo "$1 is runnig"
            ;;
        esac
    done
}

Now, after you reopen your terminal, anytime you want, using this function you can:

stop/kill all xinput processes:

processof xinput stop

pause all xinput processes:

processof xinput pause

resume all xinput processes:

processof xinput continue

In fact, with this function you can stop/pause any process do you wish before to do something (such as entering the password):

processof [process_name] [stop|pause|continue]

If you don't know how to detect how to detect an active keylogger on your system, see:

How can I detect a keylogger on my system?

These methods maybe are not the best solutions, but I hope to give you an idea about what you can do...


How do I repair Steam? After I turned down my computer and came back, steam suddenly needed to update, and the games are gone.

I thought the paths to the actual files are gone, as the amount of space that the games take up my partition are still there, as shown by GParted.

So, I decided to reinstall Steam, which would only affect the launcher and leave the games right where they are. But now, I have this issue.

enter code heredpkg: error processing package steam (--configure):
package steam is not ready for configuration
cannot configure (current status `half-installed')
Errors were encountered while processing:
 steam
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

How do I fix this problem?

GUI way to do it:

Go to software center and click installed on the top
Type steam into the search bar (without qoutes and spaces)
Click show technical items on the bottom
Delete all versions of Steam
Reinstall Steam NOT using the command line sudo apt-get install steam

Official steam (at my current date Jan 9 2015) was named steam (steam-launcher)