Regular upgrade gives unmet dependency error Was doing regular update via Ubuntu software got unmet dependency error for Python 3.5.

Tried apt-get upgrade got the error below.

What next?

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: The package python3.5 needs to be reinstalled, but I can't find an archive for it.

$ apt-cache policy python 3 python 3.5
python:
  Installed: 2.7.11-1
  Candidate: 2.7.11-1
  Version table:
 *** 2.7.11-1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
python:
  Installed: 2.7.11-1
  Candidate: 2.7.11-1
  Version table:
 *** 2.7.11-1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
python3.5-cups:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-reportlab-accel:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-venv:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
libpython3.5:
  Installed: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.3
  Candidate: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.3
  Version table:
 *** 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.3 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
python3.5:
  Installed: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Candidate: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Version table:
 *** 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
python3.5-minimal:
  Installed: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Candidate: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Version table:
 *** 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
python3.5-apt:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-renderpm:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-doc:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-dbus:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-lxml:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
python3.5-gdbm:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
libpython3.5-stdlib:
  Installed: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Candidate: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Version table:
 *** 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libreoffice-l10n-3.5:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
libpython3.5-minimal:
  Installed: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Candidate: 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1
  Version table:
 *** 3.5.2-2ubuntu0~16.04.1 100
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
libmwaw-0.3-3v5:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
povray-3.5:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:
N: Unable to locate package 3

Run

sudo dpkg --remove --force-all python3

then

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install python3


Cron service fails to start I have an Ubuntu 14.04 and I am trying to start cron service without success. I always get this after running service cron start:

Job for cron.service failed because the control process exited with error code.

systemctl status cron.service says that the cron service is loaded but failed:

cron.service
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/init.d/cron; bad; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2018-06-15 09:06:19 AWST; 6min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 22707 ExecStart=/etc/init.d/cron start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

 cron[22707]: Rather than invoking init scripts through /etc/init.d, use the service(8)
 cron[22707]: utility, e.g. service cron start
 cron[22707]: initctl: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /com/ubuntu/upstart: Connection refused
 cron[22707]: Since the script you are attempting to invoke has been converted to an
 cron[22707]: Upstart job, you may also use the start(8) utility, e.g. start cron
 cron[22707]: start: Unable to connect to Upstart: Failed to connect to socket /com/ubuntu/upstart: Connection refused
 systemd[1]: cron.service: Control process exited, code=exited status=1
 systemd[1]: Failed to start cron.service.
 systemd[1]: cron.service: Unit entered failed state.
 systemd[1]: cron.service: Failed with result 'exit-code'.

Any hint on how to make cron service to successfully start?

I encountered similar issue, and this is what I was seeing

 systemctl status crond.service
● crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Thu 2019-02-07 13:34:38 EST; 2min 37s ago
  Process: 31470 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/crond -n $CRONDARGS (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)
 Main PID: 31470 (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

What I did to resolve this by checking my cron log. I am running in rhel, and my log is at /var/log/cron, my issue was due to this
...(CRON) DEATH (can't lock /var/run/crond.pid, other pid may be 31364): Resource temporarily unavailable

so I just did

pkill -f crond

then

systemctl start crond.service

then it's back to normal

systemctl status crond.service
● crond.service - Command Scheduler
   Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/crond.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: active (running) since Thu 2019-02-07 13:37:19 EST; 1s ago
 Main PID: 31490 (crond)
   CGroup: /system.slice/crond.service
           └─31490 /usr/sbin/crond -n


How can I install Seamonkey on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS? I got a tar.bz2 file but the help I found didn't help so I thought I'd ask here.

I downloaded the linux 32-bit file on their main site. My system is 64-bit.

The link on that site downloaded these files:

I can recommend to install SeaMonkey browser using UbuntuZilla APT repository. This package will be updated on every apt upgrade.

You need to execute the following commands to add repository, its key and package installation:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mozilla.list
deb http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ubuntuzilla/mozilla/apt all main
EOF

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 2667CA5C
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install seamonkey-mozilla-build

You will get SeaMonkey 2.53.2 with this method.

The version of The Mozilla browser that I have just installed on my Debian based Zorin computer is called seamonkey-mozilla-build

"This tutorial will be showing you how to install SeaMonkey on Ubuntu 16.04. SeaMonkey, formerly known as Mozilla Suite, is an open-source, community-driven Internet application suite. The latest stable release is SeaMonkey 2.46 at the time of this writing."
https://www.linuxbabe.com/ubuntu/how-to-install-seamonkey-on-ubuntu-16-04

Following the instructions here, I ended up with a working version of SeaMonkey 2.53.1 that gets installed with apt and is launched properly from the main menu system.

The steps are;

Add the repository to your sources list.
repository

deb http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/ubuntuzilla/mozilla/apt all main

Sources List

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Get the GPG key.

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 2667CA5C

do an update.

sudo apt-get update

install the program.

sudo apt-get install seamonkey-mozilla-build

Okay so here is all the seamonkey .deb archive files at sourceforge.
https://sourceforge.net/projects/ubuntuzilla/files/mozilla/apt/pool/main/s/seamonkey-mozilla-build/

Hope this helps.


What are Unity's keyboard and mouse shortcuts? In Unity, are there any pre-defined shortcuts, e.g. to open the dash or unhide the launcher?

This page will document the keyboard shortcuts and mouse tricks for Unity. Please feel free to add more!
Read this first to get familiar with the UI elements of Unity and to find the right keys on your keyboard:

Unity Terminology
What are the meta, super, and hyper keys?

Keyboard Shortcuts
Holding down the Super key will get you a keyboard overlay that documents most of these.
Launcher

Hold Super - Invoke the Launcher and display the shortcuts

Hold Super, then press 1 or 2 or 3 and so on until 0 to open or focus an application. The number corresponds to the location of the icon on the launcher from top to bottom.

Adding Shift will open a new instance of the application if it's already open.
Holding the key is also useful when you want to get to the Launcher but do not want to invoke the Dash.

Super + T - Open the rubbish bin/trash can.

Alt + F1 - Put keyboard focus on the Launcher, use arrow keys to navigate, Enter launches an application, Right arrow exposes the quicklists if an application has them.

Ctrl + Alt + T - Launch a terminal window.

Dash

Tap Alt - Opens the HUD

Hold Alt - Reveals application menu

Tap Super - Opens the Dash. The open signal is sent when you let go of the key, not when you push it down, so if it feels slow just let go of the key earlier.

Over an item, you can hit the Secondary key (commonly to the left of the right Ctrl) to see a preview of the item, as you can do with a secondary click over it.

Ubuntu 11.10 (Oneiric Ocelot)
 * Tab Move to the next lens (When the dash is open)
 * Shift-Tab Move to the previous lens (when the dash is open)

Ubuntu 12.04+
 * Ctrl-Tab Move to the next lens (When the dash is open)
 * Ctrl-Shift-Tab Move to the previous lens (when the dash is open)

Alt + F2 - Invoke the Dash in a "special mode" to run a command. Typing in a folder name will find that folder in Nautilus, you can also use ~ as a shortcut in the field.
The Dash opens with focus on the search box to find applications and files. Using the arrow keys will navigate the results, use Enter to launch. Hitting Enter twice in rapid succession after a search term will automatically launch the first match in a search, even if it's still ongoing. (Basically a dash version of "I'm feeling lucky").
Super + A - Open Applications lens
Super + F - Open Files & Folders lens
Super + M - Open the music lens
Super + V - Open the video lens

Panel

F10 (11.10 and earlier) / Alt-F10 (12.04 and earlier) - Open the first menu on the panel, use the arrows keys to "scrub" across the menus. (There is no shortcut for the session menu, so hitting F10 and left arrow is a quick way to get there)
Press Esc to close the menus without choosing anything.

Window Management

Ctrl + Super + D - Show desktop; hitting it again restores the windows.
Super + W -  Spread mode, zoom out on all windows in all workspaces, in 12.04 and 12.10 it zooms out on the windows in the current workspace.

In Spread mode of 14.04 ↑ + ↓ + ← + → navigates through windows, Alt + F4 closes selected window, typing any text filters windows (for example typing "terminal" leaves only terminal windows), Enter restores selected window, Esc exits Spread mode

Super-D - Minimize all windows; hitting it again restores them.
Alt + Space - Opens the window's accessibility menu.
Alt + Tab - Switch to other applications, you can hold Alt down and then hit tab to switch to the next application.
Alt + ` - Switch between an application's windows. Hitting this combo when you're already focused on an application will automatically switch only between the windows for that application. The ` key on US layouts, but Unity will use whichever key is above your Tab key. (More information) (Video)
Ctrl + Super + ↑ - Maximize the current window
Ctrl + Super + ↓ - Restore/Minimize the current window (seems to be buggy at the moment)
Ctrl + Super + ← - Maximize current window to the left
Ctrl + Super + → - Maximize current window to the right

Window Placement
If you cycle through the same key Unity will cycle through different placement widths, so experiment by hitting the numkey multiple times, for example Ctrl + Alt + numpad 5 +  5 + 5:

Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 7 - Place window in top left corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 8 - Place window in top half of screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 9 - Place window in top right corner of screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 5 - Center/Maximize the window in the middle of the screen. In 12.04 this toggles between maximize and restore state
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 1 - Place window in the bottom left corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 2 - Place window in the bottom half of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 3 - Place window in the bottom right corner of the screen.
Ctrl-Alt + Numpad 0 - Minimize the current window (Ubuntu 12.04.1).

Workspace Management

Super + S - Expo mode (for everything), zooms out on all the workspaces and lets you manage windows.
Shift + Alt + ↑ - Expo mode for all windows in the current workspace only.
Ctrl + Alt + ← / → / ↑ / ↓ - (11.10+) - Change to a new workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + Shift + ← / → / ↑ / ↓ - Place window to a new workspace.
Ctrl + Alt + L - Lock the screen.

Screenshots

PrtScn - Take a screenshot of the current workspace
Alt + PrtScn - Take a screenshot of the current window
Shift + PrtScn - Take a screenshot of a region traced by the mouse (shows crosshairs)

System

Ctrl + Alt + Del - Logout

Mouse Tricks
Launcher

Clicking and holding an icon and then dragging it around will allow you to reorder it on the launcher. You can also drag it off to the right of the launcher to move it around. Note that you need to make an explicit movement to the right to move the icon off the launcher before you can move it around.
Dragging and dropping an icon into the trash can will remove it from the Launcher. The program itself will remain installed and accessible through the dash.
Scrolling the mouse wheel while over the Launcher scrolls the icons if you have too many and need to move around quickly.

Window Management

Maximizing - Dragging a window to the top panel, or double-clicking a window's titlebar, or Alt + F10 (11.10 and earlier), will maximize it.
Restore - There are two ways to restore, or unmaximize, the topmost maximized window of the current monitor for this workspace (not using the window controls)

Double clicking on the top panel (but not in the application's menu)
Dragging the top panel down.

Middle click on Maximize - Maximize window vertically.
Right click on Maximize - Maximize window horizontally
Focus the topmost maximized window of the current monitor for this workspace: Left click on the top panel (but not in the application's menu)
Tiling - Dragging a window to the left/right border will auto tile it to that side of the screen.
Middle click on an application's launcher icon - Open a new instance of the application in a new window. If the application isn't running it will just open it normally.
Middle click on the top panel or window title bar (but not the menu) - send the current window behind all other windows.
Alt-Left drag inside a window - move the window
Alt-Middle drag inside a window close to its border - resize the window
Alt-Right click inside a window - window accessibility menu

Otra version en español

Hi, I made another version of this in Spanish mixing those images.
Click for a fullsize image:


How to make keyboard shortcut for wine application? I know that launchers can be made, but is the same true for keyboard shortcuts? I've tried myself, with just a copy and paste of the directory to no avail. I apologize, but I'm new to linux, can someone please chime in here?

Edit:
Not duplicate because xbindkeys does not work on my PC. Had to use both/the stock keyboard shortcuts setup.

(I know this wont benefit long-time Linux users, but for new Linux users like me, coming from Windows, I would appreciate if such a guide was created. so here it is :))

OK, I've found the solution!

Xbindkeys is a nice program, given that you can try your newly made shortcut and it'll give you a reply from the terminal, but in my case it would not work any time but when I would push the run command button. I've heard its because gnome-shortcuts has higher priority.

This may be because my particular type of Ubuntu is Zorin.

But, regardless, after you have tried you shortcut and are ready to use it, open system setting, keyboard, shortcuts, new shortcut and just paste the path into the command box, setup button configuration, done!

and remember, any spaces in your path name must be preceded by a \. So
since you are using wine to run the program, put wine before everything, like this;

wine /home/yourrealusername/.wine/drive_c/Program\ Files/Adobe/Adobe\ Photoshop\ CS2/Photoshop.exe

I have it set so this will open when I press Ctrl+., and you must logout and login after doing this (or reset any way doesn't matter). Then it should be smooth sailing!

Open settings then go to keyboard then select the shortcuts tab then the plus sign to create a new shortcut.

You can also use the xbindkeys program

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys
sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config

Launch them both and use the xbindkeys-config to set up the shortcuts


Set Nautilus Image Thumbnail Size in 19.10 In 18.04 I could set the size of thumbnails in Nautilus by adjusting the dconf setting org.gnome.nautilus.icon-view thumbnail-size as mentioned in
https://askubuntu.com/a/1097952/680632
and
https://askubuntu.com/a/539812/680632

I recently upgraded to 19.10 and the thumbnail-size key seems to be gone. Am I missing something or is there a new way to set the thumbnail size?

If you're trying to resize thumbnails for simply press the down arrow key and enter the percentage you need. The default is 50% but can be adjusted to either 67%, 100% or 133%.

I know you didn't ask, as you probably already know this , if NO or only SOME thumbnails appear go to home/.cache/thumbnails and delete everything in that folder. Then reboot and they will then appear.


Cutting of audio files I was looking for software which is able to cut audio files into smaller pieces, for example I set seconds and miliseconds for beginning and end of cutting, and then I can save cut content as new file.

Audacity is capable of doing this.

About Audacity

Audacity is a free, easy-to-use and multilingual audio editor and recorder for Windows, Mac OS X, GNU/Linux and other operating systems. You can use Audacity to:

Record live audio.
Convert tapes and records into digital recordings or CDs.
Edit Ogg Vorbis, MP3, WAV or AIFF sound files.
Cut, copy, splice or mix sounds together.
Change the speed or pitch of a recording.
And more! See the complete list of features.

i've never use this, but it looks great
Lmms &
manual wiki


Grammar checking program for LibreOffice Is there a tool for checking grammar in LibreOffice?

LanguageTool extension for LibreOffice:
You need to install LanguageTool extension to  achieve grammar check in LibreOffice.
Get it from here : https://extensions.libreoffice.org/extensions/languagetool
And HowTo on install extension can be found here : http://www.libreoffice.org/assets/Uploads/EN_Documents/Installingextensions.pdf
Other extensions:
For more alternatives, have a look at this source link:
SOURCE : http://www.techrepublic.com/blog/five-apps/five-libreoffice-extensions-to-help-you-catch-grammar-problems/1280/

Firstly allow Universe repository and update:

How do I enable the “Universe” repository?

In LibreOffice Writer, you may install the desired language from menu Tools -> Language.

myspell

  Documented Description:
  MySpell is a simple spell checker that uses affix compression and is modelled after the spell checker ispell. MySpell was written to explore how affix compression can be implemented.

  The Main features of MySpell are:

  Written in C++ to make it easier to interface with Pspell, OpenOffice, AbiWord, etc.
      It is stateless, uses no static variables and should be completely reentrant with almost no ifdefs.
      It tries to be as compatible with ispell to the extent it can. It can read slightly modified versions of munched ispell dictionaries (and it comes with a munched english wordlist borrowed from Kevin Atkinson's excellent Aspell.
      It uses a heavily modified aff file format that can be derived from ispell aff files but uses the iso-8859-X character sets only.
      It is simple with lots of comments that describes how the affixes are stored and tested for (based on the approach used by ispell).
      It supports improved suggestions with replacement tables and ngram-scoring based mechanisms in addition to the main suggestion mechanisms.
      Like ispell it has a BSD license (and no advertising clause).

GNU Aspell

  Documented Description:
   GNU Aspell is a spell-checker which can be used either as a standalone application or embedded in other programs.  Its main feature is that it does a
   much better job of suggesting possible spellings than just about any other spell-checker available for the English language, including Ispell and
   Microsoft Word.  It also has many other technical enhancements over Ispell such as using shared memory for dictionaries and intelligently handling
   personal dictionaries when more than one Aspell process is open at once.

Available Aspell Dictionaries

Hunspell

  Documented Description:
  Hunspell is a spell checker and morphological analyzer library and program designed for languages with rich morphology and complex word compounding or
   character encoding. It is based on MySpell and features an Ispell-like terminal interface using Curses library, an Ispell pipe interface and an
   OpenOffice.org UNO module.

  Hunspell is the spell checker of LibreOffice, OpenOffice.org, Mozilla Firefox 3 & Thunderbird, Google Chrome, and it is also used by proprietary software packages, like Mac OS X, InDesign, memoQ, Opera and SDL Trados.

  Main features:

  Unicode support (first 65535 Unicode character)
  morphological analysis (in custom item and arrangement style)
  Max. 65535 affix classes and twofold affix stripping (for agglutinative languages, like Azeri, Basque, Estonian, Finnish, Hungarian, Turkish, etc.)
  Support complex compoundings (for example, Hungarian and German)
  Support language specific algorithms (for example, handling Azeri and Turkish dotted i, or German sharp s)
  Handling conditional affixes, circumfixes, fogemorphemes, forbidden words, pseudoroots and homonyms.
  Interfaces and ports: AndroidHunspellService (for Android, based on the Chromium fork of Hunspell), Enchant (Generic spelling library from the Abiword project), XSpell (Mac OS X port, but Hunspell is part of the OS X from version 10.6 (Snow Leopard), and now it is enough to place the Hunspell dictionary files into ~/Library/Spelling or /Library/Spelling for spell checking), Delphi, Java (JNA, JNI), Perl, .NET, Python, Ruby, UNO, RichEdit.

Ispell

  Documented Description:
  International Ispell (an interactive spelling corrector)
   Ispell corrects spelling in plain text, LaTeX, sgml/html/xml, and nroff files. [x]Emacs and jed have nice interfaces to ispell, and ispell works from
   many other tools and from the command line as well.

  No ispell dictionaries are included in this package; you must install at least one of them ("iamerican" is recommended by default for no good reason);
   install the "ispell-dictionary" package(s) for the language(s) you and your users will want to spell-check.

  It's a good idea to install "word list" package(s) for the same language(s), because they'll be used by ispell's (L)ookup command.


Run .sh script on Ubuntu without using terminal I'm using Ubuntu and I've created a simple script file:

#!/bin/bash
cp /home/guilherme/pictures/*.jpg /home/guilherme/backup

When I run it on terminal typing the command "./script.sh" it works fine.

But when I try to click on this file outside the terminal, it opens my text editor to edit the lines of the script instead of opening the terminal and execute the commands.

I already gave the executable permission to this file, but it does not run.

Any ideas?

You have to open nautilus, click File->Preferences (OR) Edit->Preferences,
check Behaviour tab, and select the option you prefer for Excutable Text Files.

in terminal type "chmod +x filepath". This will convert your sh file to an executable file that will run when you open it


Lubuntu 16.04 fresh install stuck on boot I just did a fresh installation of Lubuntu 16.04, 64-bit on this computer.

Before Lubuntu even loads, I get this message:

  /dev/sda6: clean, 121539/6234222 files, 1053787/24914550 blocks

How can I make Lubuntu proceed with the boot?

Additional information:

There are three other partitions. One has Windows XP, one has Windows
7 and one is swap for Lubuntu.
I've previously run Ubuntu 14.04 32-bit on the same computer without encountering this issue. It was then a dual boot with Windows
XP. I have since formatted the whole drive.
At present, recovery mode works.

Well, the complete answer is that:

Add temporarily the nomodeset boot option (from the grub boot menu without editing the /etc/default/grub file yet) as described here: How do I set 'nomodeset' after I've already installed Ubuntu?
After you login try run the commands sudo apt-get update and sudo apt-get dist-upgrade and reboot (the nomodeset option was just temporary) and see if it was a bug which got fixed with the update (you could also run this from the rocovery mode before trying nomodeset).
I it wasn't fixed you can try again with nomodeset option and after you login go to Software & Updates and under the Additional Drivers tab see if there is any proprietary gpu driver and install it. (also intel-microcode is good to have if it's available but has nothing to do with this problem). It is important to remember which package it installs (if it isn't obvious from the name then google it) in order to be able to remove it from recovery mode if your system doesn't boot afterwards. Reboot to see if it got fixed. If it doesn't work then remove it.
If step 2 and 3 doesn't work then set nomodeset at /etc/default/grub file as described at the first link to make it permanent. Don't forget to run sudo update-grub afterwards.

Encountered similar symptoms while trying to install 32-bit lubuntu on an Asus EEE 1000HE.   After 3 install attempts, I gave-up on lbuntu 16.04.  Important: it would would not boot lubuntu properly from the compact-flash.  I was able to install with Ubuntu 16.04, so I concluded the hardware was not the problem.  Finally, I tried lubuntu 15.10 and it installed: it was able to boot lubuntu from the 15.10 flash.  I think that if it can not boot from the flash, an install will be unsuccessful.


Error while installing tiff-4.0.3 I get the following errors while installing tiff-4.0.3:

pranav@pranav-Inspiron-1545:~$ cd dependency/
pranav@pranav-Inspiron-1545:~/dependency$ tar -xvf libtiff4-3.6.0-5.tar.bz2
usr/bin/cygtiff4.dll

pranav@pranav-Inspiron-1545:~/dependency$ tar -xvf libtiff4-3.6.0-5-src.tar.bz2
Libtiff is now configured for i686-pc-linux-gnu

  Installation directory:             /usr/local
  Documentation directory:            ${prefix}/share/doc/tiff-4.0.3
  C compiler:                         gcc -g -O2 -Wall -W
  C++ compiler:                       g++ -g -O2
  Enable runtime linker paths:        no
  Enable linker symbol versioning:    no
  Support Microsoft Document Imaging: yes
  Use win32 IO:                       no

 Support for internal codecs:
  CCITT Group 3 & 4 algorithms:       yes
  Macintosh PackBits algorithm:       yes
  LZW algorithm:                      yes
  ThunderScan 4-bit RLE algorithm:    yes
  NeXT 2-bit RLE algorithm:           yes
  LogLuv high dynamic range encoding: yes

 Support for external codecs:
  ZLIB support:                       yes
  Pixar log-format algorithm:         yes
  JPEG support:                       yes
  Old JPEG support:                   yes
  JPEG 8/12 bit dual mode:            no
  ISO JBIG support:                   no
  LZMA2 support:                      no

  C++ support:                        yes

  OpenGL support:                     no

pranav@pranav-Inspiron-1545:~/dependency/tiff-4.0.3$ make
Making all in port
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/port'
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `all'.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/port'
Making all in libtiff
make[1]: Entering directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/libtiff'
make  all-am
make[2]: Entering directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/libtiff'
/bin/bash ../libtool  --tag=CC   --mode=compile gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I.     -g -O2 -Wall -W -MT tif_jpeg.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/tif_jpeg.Tpo -c -o tif_jpeg.lo tif_jpeg.c
libtool: compile:  gcc -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -I. -g -O2 -Wall -W -MT tif_jpeg.lo -MD -MP -MF .deps/tif_jpeg.Tpo -c tif_jpeg.c  -fPIC -DPIC -o .libs/tif_jpeg.o
In file included from /usr/local/include/jpeglib.h:27:0,
                 from tif_jpeg.c:88:
/usr/local/include/jmorecfg.h:263:16: error: expected identifier before numeric constant
**make[2]: *** [tif_jpeg.lo] Error 1  **
**make[2]: Leaving directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/libtiff'  **
**make[1]: *** [all] Error 2**
make[1]: Leaving directory `/home/pranav/dependency/tiff-4.0.3/libtiff'
**make: *** [all-recursive] Error 1  **

How do I get rid of these errors?

The version of libtiff4 that you are trying to install is no longer supported by Ubuntu, however newer versions of libtiff4 are available. A list of the versions of libtiff4 that are available for all versions of Ubuntu, sorted by Ubuntu release names, can be found here.

You can find the version of libtiff4 that matches your system by opening the Ubuntu Software Center and typing "libtiff4" in the search box.

In Ubuntu 14.04-20.04 the libtiff4 package has been replaced by libtiff5.

Just edit the file /usr/local/include/jmorecfg.h at line 263 and replace the space
before the = sign.

Change

typedef enum { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 } boolean;

to

typedef enum { FALSE= 0, TRUE= 1 } boolean;


I'd like to destroy some data quickly and reliably. How? So, long story short, I have some, er, sensitive data that I'd like to protect from people trying to snoop around. Let's say it's in a folder on my desktop called My Secrets.

However, I'd like to retain some sort of method to destroy this data to make it unrecoverable, in such a way that it is impossible to recover and that there is no proof that this data even existed in the first place.

I'd like to be able to preserve my Ubuntu installation and any/all non-sensitive data, so a complete nuke (sadly) isn't an option.

How can I achieve this in Ubuntu?

Ideally, I'd also like to be able to trigger this deletion at the drop of a pin, from which point there is no stopping the (at the very least partial) destruction of my data. I'm also willing to use a solution that requires setup (for, say, any future data that needs storage).

shred from GNU coreutils was specifically designed for this purpose.

From man shred:

  Overwrite the specified FILE(s) repeatedly, in order to make it harder
  for even very expensive hardware probing to recover the data.

shred actually reads random bytes from /dev/urandom and overwrites the files content with those, at the end optionally overwrites the contents by zeroes (from /dev/zero). So if you want to reinvent the wheel, you can do this by hand but better to use shred which is optimized already for the task.

For example, for any given file my_secured_file.txt, you can do:

shred my_secured_file.txt

Here:

-v for verbosity
-z for overwriting the file with zeroes afterwards, to hide shredding
-n 5 is for number of iterations, default is 3

You can increase the number of iterations if you want although the default is enough or even remove the file (-u, --remove).

Check man shred.

As shred operates on files, for doing the operation on all files of a directory (recursively) e.g. my_secret_dir:

shopt -s globstar
for f in my_secret_dir/**/*; do shred -vzn 5 -- "$f"; done

Or find:

find my_secret_dir -type f -exec shred -vzn 5 -- {} +

Note:

shred has the caveat that it can't work properly on the journaling, caching, RAID, compressed file systems. Quoting man shred:

  CAUTION: Note that shred relies on a very important assumption: that the file system overwrites data in place.  This is the
  traditional way to do things, but many modern file system designs do
  not satisfy this assumption.  The following  are  examples
         of file systems on which shred is not effective, or is not guaranteed to be effective in all file system modes:

  log-structured or journaled file systems, such as those supplied with AIX and Solaris (and JFS, ReiserFS, XFS, Ext3, etc.)
  file systems that write redundant data and carry on even if some writes fail, such as RAID-based file systems
  file systems that make snapshots, such as Network Appliance's NFS server
  file systems that cache in temporary locations, such as NFS version 3 clients
  compressed file systems

  In the case of ext3 file systems, the above disclaimer applies (and shred is thus of limited effectiveness) only in data=journal
  mode, which journals file data in addition to just metadata.  In both
  the data=ordered (default) and data=writeback modes,
     shred works as usual.  Ext3 journaling modes can be changed by adding the data=something option to the mount options for a particular
  file system in the /etc/fstab file, as documented in the mount man
  page (man mount).

  In addition, file system backups and remote mirrors may contain copies of the file that cannot be removed, and that will allow a
  shredded file to be recovered later.

In Ubuntu, if you are using ext4 filesystem which is also a journaling filesystem, the journal mode is the default for metadata, not for data (data=ordered is the default), so you should get the expected result with shred-ing unless you changed the default.

As a side note, you can find the default filesystem options by:

sudo dumpe2fs -h /partition |& grep 'Filesystem features'

Example:

% sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda3 |& grep 'Filesystem features'
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize

The has_journal indicates that this is a journaling FS and the default journal option(s) are:

% sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda3 |& grep 'Journal features'
Journal features:         journal_incompat_revoke

Both at once:

% sudo dumpe2fs -h /dev/sda3 |& grep 'features'
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype needs_recovery extent flex_bg sparse_super large_file huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Journal features:         journal_incompat_revoke

Here's an off the wall suggestion: store the sensitive data only in an encrypted, password-locked cloud storage, with no shortcut folder in your computer (i.e. don't install Dropbox or similar, which creates a local mirror of the remote storage) -- just a bookmark in your browser.  When you want to remove evidence on your local system of the sensitive data, delete the bookmark and wipe the browser history (or, ideally, use a high security browser variant or setting that automatically secure wipes the history every time you close it).   Ten seconds or so, and there'll be no way for anyone to know where to start looking, short of a forensic level complete system search (extremely unlikely unless you're an international spy or child porn trafficker).


Canonical Livepatch internal error I've started seeing a livepatch warning in my system tray.

Clicking it takes me the the livepatch client where I see this error message:

Despite the URL, there isn't a #CommonIssues section on the page: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/Livepatch#CommonIssues

Any ideas how I can fix this?

Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS
4.15.0-34-generic

In terminal i just fire this command and it worked, try this

sudo canonical-livepatch refresh

In Detail you can read here

Canonical Livepatch informs about internal error - what to do?
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2420465

head to the Livepatch page and create an account. You can license up to 3 servers for free, so there is no cost unless you plan to mass deploy Livepatch. https://www.ubuntu.com/server/livepatch
Once you've created an account it's as simple as running the following commands:

sudo snap install canonical-livepatch
sudo canonical-livepatch enable $your_token


Accessing files in local ftp server files through terminal? After connecting to a local ftp server, how can I access the files through the terminal?

After establishing the connection in GNOME, you can find your FTP files mounted under ~/.gvfs

1.- why don't you use filezilla ...

  sudo aptitude install filezilla

2.-

if you insist in download in terminal and image

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vLjPUHjvME

3.- another option (use gnome and nautilus) :

gnome menu - place - connect to the server

public ftp  or ftp with login (with user)

tick on Add Bookmark and name of the book mark click and connect

and you can access your file via gnome menu places.


install mysql connector I am attempting to copy   mysql.jar.com.mysql.jdbc.Driver in the Java directory. I get a permissions error. I have administrative privileges so I don't know what the problem is. My feeling is that ubuntu archive manager should handle it but I can't get that to work either.

I am attempting to link a Libre Base application to a mysql  host = 216.87.239*.206:3306/accouoj3_ISR

I don't know if I should be using a ODBC or JDBC with that particular host.

You can add the driver going to "Tools" -> "Options" (in Libreoffice Base) and do the following:

You can place the JAR whenever you need (if you don't already have it get it here). You can create a new JDBC connection:

If you install the driver as an add on in software centre, then:

Click on Class Path, Add Archive and Browse to /usr/share/java/mysql-connector-java.jar. Click Ok.


Unable to Uninstall Program : Own by OS I was trying to uninstall program using pip uninstall South and it give me following error

Not uninstalling South at /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, owned by OS

I'm in production machine and unable to fix this issue. What would be the soultion for this.

pip -  1.5.4,
ununtu - 14.04

The files are present in /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, therefore uninstall with sudo rights.

sudo pip uninstall South

This should fix the problem, as it fixed mine on Ubuntu 14.x.

Install pip (even if it is already installed), securely download get-pip.py from here. Then run the following:

sudo python get-pip.py


Can I develop ubuntu for phones apps in Python? Does anyone know if we can develop apps for ubuntu for phones in Python ?

PyQT / PySide would seem to support also QML. But can we use them on the phones ?

It's true that PySide's future on Qt 5 is uncertain, but that's not the case for PyQt. So technically, it should be possible to do this.

Then there's the point of politics: Canonical said they will release the source code for Ubuntu Phone in due time, so it's very likely that someone hacks support for Python in it after that. If Canonical itself will support that is not clear yet, as far as I'm aware they didn't make a statement on that yet. Nor is it clear for any OEMs/operators (because there aren't any (known) yet).

UPDATE: Canonical released the source (as expected), and some operators are known now. It seems like Canonical's not planning to add Python support for the SDK themselves (at least for now), but that they're open to contributions. (Source.)

Yes, You can use multiple programming languages, but Python is the recommended one  http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/programming-languages/python/

update: it used to be the recommended language https://web.archive.org/web/20130524092542/http://developer.ubuntu.com/resources/programming-languages/python

... when writing something new we recommend using Python.


Ureadahead slows down boot process on Ubuntu 12.04 I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 64bit installed on a WD Velociraptor (10.000 rpm) hard disk. I'm not using Wubi, it's a clear install.

I think that "adding swap" procedure on boot takes too long. At first I thought that it has something to do with the swap mounting, but as you can see, I've spotted the problem in the "ureadahead" deamon.

You can see below dmesg partial output:

[    5.347709] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 210x65
[    5.351756] fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device
[    5.613411] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[   21.421858] Adding 1227772k swap on /dev/sda5.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1227772k
[   21.425834] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[   21.425841] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready

Complete dmesg output

Taking into account my hard drive's speed, this delay is not normal.

After upgrading to the latest kernel (3.2.0.36 from 3.2.0.35) or after removing "/var/lib/ureadahead/pack" file, the problem is temporary solved, just for one boot. After the second boot the problem returns.

This is the dmesg output when everything works perfect:

[    5.120096] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 210x65
[    5.124150] fb0: VESA VGA frame buffer device
[    5.285586] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[    6.953086] Adding 1227772k swap on /dev/sda5.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:1227772k
[    7.516909] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[    7.516916] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready

Complete dmesg output

As suggested in the comments I've tried to disable the swap mounting and the delay was  moved to the next process, so it seems that it has nothing to do with swap mounting:
dmesg output:

[ 5.862973] EXT4-fs (sda3): recovery complete
[ 5.887252] EXT4-fs (sda3): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[ 17.589428] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[ 17.589435] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready

@gertvdijk noticed that in the latest dmesg output my system recovered from something, but this just happened just when I've comment out the swap from "/etc/fstab".

I've spoted the problem
Ureadahead slows down the boot process. This is weird since the opposite should happen!
Below I'm posting bootchart images and dmesg output of three different boots:

Without ureadahead (disabled following this guide) there is no
delay:
dmesg output (ureadahead disabled)
bootchart output (ureadahead disabled)
With ureadahead enabled first boot (pack file is build for the first time) no delay:
dmesg output (ureadahead enabled)
bootchart output (ureadahead disabled)
With ureadahead enabled second boot (ureadahead full working) delay is back:
dmesg output (ureadahead enabled second boot)
bootchart output (ureadahead disabled second boot)

NOTE
My question seems to be a duplicate of this Very slow boot due to mounting filesytem which concerns Ubuntu 11.04 and has no solution yet! If any admin reading this, I don't know if I have to delete my question as a duplicate since the problem doesn't seems to  be the swap mounting... if so, delete it, or please, inform me to do so!

Try e4rat, it's faster and reliable

ppa https://launchpad.net/~trinitronx/+archive/minimal-no-ureadahead

how to use http://www.howtogeek.com/69753/how-to-cut-your-linux-pcs-boot-time-in-half-with-e4rat/

Do a clean install of Ubuntu 13.10, it is the latest updated Ubuntu version. Your problems might be fixed under that version, updates always fix problems.


Wired network issues (disabled ethernet) I am brand new to linux, having downloaded it yesterday. I am booting off of a 16g USB drive, running Ubuntu 13.10.

My problem is that I cannot connect to the wired Ethernet, at all. My computer can connect to the internet when booted off of either local hard drive (Windows Vista and XP, one on each drive), so this is not a hardware issue. But whenever I tried to boot off of my USB drive on Ubuntu, I cannot connect to the internet.

The network manager in the top right corner has the Ethernet greyed out, and the line below that says "disabled" - I'm not sure if that line refers to the Ethernet or to the Wifi (which my computer does not have).

I don't know what I need to do to fix this. Could someone help me through it? I know I'm probably going to edit in some outputs, but I don't know what commands to run.

According to Windows, I am using:
Intel(R) PRO/100 VE Network Connection
and 6TO4 Adapter. The 6TO4 Adapter is failing to start, but I am posting this from the same computer.

stop network-manager

sudo service network-manager stop

Then :

sudo rm /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state

Then :

start network manager

sudo service network-manager start

The problem originated from my network adapter. The adapter is failing, and only works under Vista, not under XP or Ubuntu.

With the hardware failing, it's time to get a new adapter. No software fixes will work for this.


Unable to install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10 I've burnt Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS 64-bit on DVD-R by Infra Recorder, and created a live USB of 15.10 64-bit using Universal USB Installer.

Then I tried installing Ubuntu 14.04.4 LTS 64-bit, or Ubuntu 15.10 64-bit alongside windows 10, but I keep getting these errors:

With no parameter nomodeset (transcribed from video given in original post):

[  0.033675] Ignoring BGRT: Invalid status 0 (expected 1)
[  3.205412] nouveau E[ PGRAPH][0000:01:00.0] failed to load fuc409c
[  3.211068] nouveau E[  PFIFO][0000:01:00.0] unsupported engines 0x00000001
[  3.211138] nouveau E[    DRM] failed to create kernel channel, -22
[ 34.856110] ata8.00: exception Emask 0x52 SAct 0x0 SErr 0xffffffff action 0xe frozen
[ 34.856130] ata8: SError: { RecovComm UnrecovData Persist Proto HostInt PHYRdyChg PHYInt CommWake 10B8B Dispar BadCRC Handshk LinkSeq TrStaTrns UnrecFIS DevExch }
[ 34.856164] ata8.00: failed command:IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
[ 34.856178] ata8.00: cmd a1/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 2 pio 512 in
[ 34.856178]          res 40/00:03:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x56 (ATA bus error)
[ 34.856209] ata8.00: status: { DRDY }

With parameter nouveau.modeset=0 or nomodeset: (transcribed from video:

[  0.033675] Ignoring BGRT: Invalid status 0 (expected 1)
[ 34.856110] ata8.00: exception Emask 0x52 SAct 0x0 SErr 0xffffffff action 0xe frozen
[ 34.856130] ata8: SError: { RecovComm UnrecovData Persist Proto HostInt PHYRdyChg PHYInt CommWake 10B8B Dispar BadCRC Handshk LinkSeq TrStaTrns UnrecFIS DevExch }
[ 34.856164] ata8.00: failed command:IDENTIFY PACKET DEVICE
[ 34.856178] ata8.00: cmd a1/00:01:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/00 tag 2 pio 512 in
[ 34.856178]          res 40/00:03:00:00:00/00:00:00:00:00/a0 Emask 0x56 (ATA bus error)
[ 34.856209] ata8.00: status: { DRDY }

My PC specs:

MOBO: Asus Z97-Pro
CPU: Intel i7 4790K
GPU: Asus GTX970 Strix

You should try to use nouveau.modeset=0 instead nomodeset.

The issue that you have is a kind of incompatibility between nouveau open source driver and some Nvidia graphic cards.

I've got the same problem with a PC with a Nvidia GTX950M: nomodeset didn't work, but nouveau.modeset=0 worked.

P.S. once you have installed Ubuntu, to keep things working, you have to add nouveau.modeset=0 to grub configuration file or blacklist nouveau driver.

My solution that solved my problem:

change grub configuration file opening it as administrator:

sudo nano /etc/default/grub

add nouveau.modeset=0 to the following line as showed:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nouveau.modeset=0"

then save with ctrl+o and exit with ctrl-x. Now you have to update grub with the following command:

sudo update-grub

I hope to be useful.

I had the same problem, for solution your problem must install the last distro of ubuntu, NO 14.04, i dont know why, but didn't recognise the new root of folders than use windows 10, so the partition didn't know where is the point of start on the disc for install ubuntu on 14.04, i believe than the wizard install of 14.04 were a deprecated script, so when u install from a usb or from a disc already u make a copy from the iso of 14.04 a script before from the release of windows 10. obviously that script did not have support for that NEW OS


No dash, side bar after deleting hicolor theme! I try to install new themes and icons. But I delete some unnecessary themes, I think I delete hicolor theme. After that some of icons are missing. I use unity --reset-icons command. And then reboot. And then no dash no side bar.
I try so much to fix issue in tty but no answer.
What should I do now?
Thanks.

Try Hitting the Superkey (windows key) and search Appearance make sure that your "launcher Icon Size" is 48 then go to Behaviourand make sure "Auto Hide" is turned off.


Java: Error while loading shared libraries: libjli.so I tried installing openjdk6, openjdk7, oracle8... But always the same error when I want to execute java, for example with java -version:

  java: error while loading shared libraries: libjli.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

I tried with symbolic links trying to get to recognize libjli.so but it didn't work

After uninstalling all versions, following the steps shown here How to completely uninstall Java? , and installing again, can't make the error disappear. Even if I uninstall it all again, if I write in terminal java -version it stills throw me the same error.

I'm doing all of this with user sudo.

Thank you

EDIT: Using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Server

EDIT 2: Installing Openjdk7, Oracle7 and Oracle8, using update-alternatives --config java tells me that (in Spanish, but I'll try to translate, 3 lines of information)

"there is only one alternative in the group of java links in /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java Nothing to configure."

"update-alternatives: warning: forcing reinstallation of alternative /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java because the Java links' group is broken"

"update-alternatives: warning: /usr/bin/java will not be substituted by a link"

I meet this issue in a chroot environment, and fix it by this action
mount --bind /dev /myroot/dev
mount --bind /proc /myroot/proc

I had the same problem upon launching a fresh install of the Arduino IDE (even after running also the script arduino-linux-setup.sh).

Everything was installed under $HOME/Downloads/arduino-1.8.12/.

In this folder there was a java/bin/java executable, apparently looking for a ../lib/amd64/jli/libjli.so, so I tried to give it one as a soft symlink to /usr/lib/jvm/default-java/lib/jli/libjli.so, and it solved the problem.

I came to this solution on trying to reproduce under the install folder some of the standard Java folder structure.


Where are Tutorials and is it QML or QT Hi there my question is that where can i find any good QML tutorials for Ubuntu phone app developing (I've seen the developer.ubuntu.com site but still thats not enough) and witch of the 2 languages is it to develp ubuntu phone apps Qt or QML??.

QML is "Qt Modeling Language", it's a quick and easy way of developing Qt applications using a simple markup and Javascript rather than C++.

The Developer Portal has the most resources, including a tutorial on QML: http://developer.ubuntu.com/apps/qml/tutorial/

I found these articles by example:

http://mhall119.com/tag/building-sdk-app-series/


grub2 problems in linux and windows GRUB2 version is: v2.02~beta3-4ubuntu2.

When I select ubuntu in load menu, it gives following error and then proceeds with loading Ubuntu:

error: no symbol table.
Press any key to continue...

When I try to load Windows, it shows following and boot fails (returns to GRUB's boot menu):

error: symbol `grub_fshelp_find_file_lookup' not found
error: no such device: 3C66-1611.
Setting partition type to 0x83
error: invalid signature
Press any key to continue...

I have checked, the '3C66-1611' is the correct existing UUID of a bootbale partiotion of a disk, where loader of Windows OS is located, it is /dev/sdc1 for gparted, and it is very strange that loader does not see it.

I tried to re-install the GRUB, but it does not help.

Please, tell me, how can load Windows. Thank you!

tl;dr: update your grup installtion at MBR or EFI or make sure it is at least on the same version than your grub files in /boot.

Just had the same problem

error: symbol `grub_fshelp_find_file_lookup' not found

this tells you: your grub installation at the mbr or within EFI is outdated and does not match the new modules in /boot.

in my case, i have a Acer Aspire V3-372 Notebook that refused to boot anything other than /boot/efi/EFI/Microsoft/Boot/bootmgfw.efi, no matter how i changed the EFI settings. So i had manually replaced this by the /boot/efi/EFI/debian/grubx64.efi binary. After upgrading from jessie to stretch, i had to copy grup over again.


Is reinstalling apt-get safe to do [Ubuntu 14.04] The original problem is that I can't install new apps because of problem of unmet dependecies.
I have tried almost all the solutions in this question, and non of them worked, so I am completely desperate!

Is there is a 100% guaranteed method to solve this problem?

I found a solution at this question --please complete reading before going to the link.
I traked the dependencies untill I found that there is only one package apt can't resolve "libtiff4" so I downloaded and installed it manually.
thanks to Byte Commander


How can I install Windows after I've installed Ubuntu? I have Ubuntu on my laptop. Now I want install Windows 7 in a dual-boot. How can I do this?
I can't lose my Ubuntu files, and I'm afraid that I might break GRUB.
Go here for UEFI only!

Here's the general outline:

Make space for Windows
Install Windows
Mount the /boot directory or partition
Install the bootloader (GRUB)

Step Zero – Backup your important data before doing anything

Step One – Make space for Windows

Open up GParted, and make sure that you have at least 20 GB available for Windows 7, either as a partition you can remove, or as unpartitioned space. If it's a partition, remove it from GRUB to make sure it doesn't break your Ubuntu install — GParted will complain if anything bad is about to happen.

Make note of current /boot device. If that doesn't show up there, make note of the / device. The device name is something like sda5.

Step Two – Install Windows

Install Windows 7 into the space you just made

Step Three – Mount /boot

  Note: Instead of mounting the boot directory or partition from the installation in the live media environment you can specify the path with the --boot-directory parameter for grub-install, more information on the manpage.

Load up from your Ubuntu live CD, and then run these commands.

If you DO NOT have a separate /boot partition:

sudo mount /dev/DEVICENAME_FROM_STEP_ONE /mnt
sudo rm -rf /boot    # Careful here, make sure YOU ARE USING THE LIVE CD. I tried it, it works.
sudo ln -s /mnt/boot /boot

If you have a SEPARATE /boot partition:

sudo mount /dev/DEVICENAME_FROM_STEP_ONE /boot

Step Four – Install the bootloader

  Note: These instructions were initially written for Windows 7 and BIOS booting computers. If you have UEFI and Windows 8 and above you probably need to replace grub-pc with grub-efi-amd64 in sudo apt-get install grub-pc.

Then continue with those commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-pc
sudo grub-install /dev/sda     # NOTE THAT THERE IS NO DIGIT
sudo umount /boot

And restart. It should work fine and boot both systems.

Installing windows after ubuntu is a pain but after you do this you'll need to put in your ubuntu live cd and install boot-repair and run that. Becouse installing win7 after ubuntu will break grub. But, boot-repair will remedy that!


Difference between the i386 download and the amd64? What is the difference between standard i386 download and the amd64 download of Ubuntu 11.04? I am currently running the i386 on an amd machine, would my system work better with the amd64 download instead? (my machine was running Windows 7 64bit, but I neglected to look at that prior to installing Ubuntu).

i386 refers to the 32-bit edition and amd64 (or x86_64) refers to the 64-bit edition for Intel and AMD processors.

Wikipedia's i386 entry:

  The Intel 80386, also known as the i386, or just 386, was a 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985... This is termed x86, IA-32, or the i386-architecture, depending on context.

Wikipedia's x86_64 entry:

  x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets... After launching the architecture under the "x86-64" name, AMD renamed it AMD64... x86-64 is still used by many in the industry as a vendor-neutral term, while others, notably Sun Microsystems (now Oracle Corporation) and Microsoft, use x64.

Even if you have an intel CPU, you should use AMD64 to install 64-bit on your computer (it uses the same instruction sets).

I highly recommend using it. For the most part you will not notice a difference but for large workloads (such as video editing, gaming, etc), the computer will perform faster (the computer has the ability to calculate 2+2+2=6 instead of having to do 2+2=4+2=6 in an example). In the Windows world, a 32-bit OS will not let you use more than 3.5 Gigs of RAM on your computer (even if you have 8!). You'd need to use a 64-bit OS in order to fully use all RAM. For Linux, however, there's no such limit (thanks, Uri).

Regardless, the world has shifted from 32 bit and it's only there to support older machines that are incapable of running 64 bit.

Yes, you can use that .ISO. amd64 refers to the architecture. AMD was the first to create a 64-bit CPU, so I believe it was named this at the time, and the name stuck. It seems a little confusing, but amd64 just means 64-bit.


How to install PyQt for Python 3 in Ubuntu 14.10? I found some tutorials online for earlier versions of Ubuntu but they didn't seem to work on Ubuntu 14.10; either that or I was doing it the wrong way.

I want to use Qt Designer to design a GUI, use PyQt to covert it to .py, then use it in Python.

What packages do I need to install to do this?

All the tools you need are included in Ubuntu repositories. You must install the package qtcreator, which has an integrated QtDesigner, and the package pyqt5-dev-tools, which provides pyuic5, a utility that generates Python code from .ui files.

sudo apt-get install qtcreator pyqt5-dev-tools

Install python3.
Install sip.
Install python3-pip.
Run the command: pip3 install pyqt5


When using os-uninstaller It says I have to use a live usb to proceed. Is there another way of doing this? I'm trying to uninstall Ubuntu with the OS uninstaller, and I am facing a problem. The uninstaller says I need to have a USB or live USB and I was wondering if there was another way to remove Ubuntu from my computer.

I was wondering if there was another way to remove Ubuntu from my computer

You can only remove an operating system from another operating system. An active operating system can not be removed.

The advice they give are the 2 easiest methods that will work for anyone regardless of how many operating systems they have. But you can also remove an operating system from another operating system. Boot up Mac OS or Windows and remove the partitions of that operating system you want removed.

Besides that you can also use a gParted Live DVD instead of the Ubuntu Live DVD or Live USB.

A little more difficult and would require a bit of setting it up: you can also do this from an installer you put on a different partition. Create a partition the size of the Ubuntu ISO. Put the ISO in that partition. Reboot. Enter grub menu and boot from the ISO. During the installation part you can delete any partition.

But I would assume you want to install another operating system. If so, see the installation procedure of that installation on how to remove the current operating system.

Are you trying to uninstall the running system?

If you have another system on your computer, you could use that to delete ubuntu's partition(s).

If you haven't installed something else but would like to, just delete the partition(s) during the  installation.


Silence system sound on startup (mac) I want to silence the mac startup sound on Ubuntu. I completely removed Mac OSX.

My computer is a MacBook Pro 8.1 and I have installed refind as EFI boot manager.

Reboot with an OSX installation disc or Recovery HD
Start the Terminal
Issue the command "# /usr/sbin/nvram SystemAudioVolume=%01"

Ubuntu startup sound is located here /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready.ogg. You can disable it by running the command:

sudo mv /usr/share/sounds/ubuntu/stereo/system-ready{,-disabled}.ogg


How can I uninstall Adobe acroread when nothing else works? I have checked all similar questions. None of them offer a working solution in my case. This is not a duplicate. Here are the details of my unique situation:

$ acroread

This causes Adobe Acrobat Reader 9 to open and run.

$ lsb_release -a
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS
Release:        12.04
Codename:       precise

I am running Kubuntu

$ which acroread
/usr/bin/acroread

$ ls -la /usr/bin/acroread
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 31 May 15  2013 /usr/bin/acroread -> /opt/Adobe/Reader9/bin/acroread

/opt/Adobe/Reader9$ find . -iname UNINSTALL
/opt/Adobe/Reader9$

$ sudo apt-get remove acroread
Package acroread is not installed, so not removed

$ dpkg -s acroread
Package: acroread
Status: deinstall ok config-files
Priority: extra
Section: partner/text
Installed-Size: 65
Maintainer: Brian Thomason <brian.thomason@canonical.com>
Architecture: amd64
Version: 9.5.5-1precise1
Config-Version: 9.5.5-1precise1
Depends: debconf (>= 0.5) | debconf-2.0, acroread-bin, nspluginwrapper
Description: Adobe Reader
 Adobe Reader allows you to view navigate and print PDF files. This version
 adds advanced forms support (save), better integration with Adobe Acrobat
 workflows, customizable toolbars and better overall performance.
 .
 This package provides the English version of Adobe Reader 9.

sudo dpkg --purge acroread
dpkg: warning: there's no installed package matching acroread

sudo dpkg -r acroread
dpkg: warning: there's no installed package matching acroread

$ sudo locate adobereader
(no results returned)

$ sudo locate acroread
/etc/bash_completion.d/acroread.sh
/home/me/.kde/share/icons/NITRUX-KDE/apps/scalable/acroread.svg
/var_cache_apt_archives/acroread_9.2-1jaunty1_amd64.deb
/opt/Adobe/Reader9/Reader/intellinux/bin/acroread
/opt/Adobe/Reader9/Resource/Shell/acroread.1.gz
/opt/Adobe/Reader9/Resource/Shell/acroread_tab
/opt/Adobe/Reader9/bin/acroread
/usr/bin/acroread
/usr/share/applications/acroread.desktop
/usr/share/doc/acroread-bin
/usr/share/doc/acroread-bin/changelog.Debian.gz
/usr/share/doc/acroread-bin/copyright
/usr/share/icons/mono/scalable/apps/acroread.svgz
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/128x128/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/16x16/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/22x22/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/32x32/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/48x48/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/icons/oxygen/64x64/apps/acroread.png
/usr/share/lintian/overrides/acroread-bin
/usr/share/man/man1/acroread.1.gz
/usr/share/scribus/icons/acroread16.png
/usr/share/scribus/icons/acroread22.png
/usr/share/scribus/icons/acroread32.png
/var/cache/apt/archives/acroread-bin_9.5.5-1precise1_i386.deb
/var/cache/apt/archives/acroread_9.5.5-1precise1_amd64.deb
/var/lib/dpkg/info/acroread-bin.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/acroread-bin.md5sums
/var/lib/dpkg/info/acroread.list
/var/lib/dpkg/info/acroread.postrm

$ sudo apt-get remove --purge acroread*

after running this last command, acroread is still installed and typing acroread at any prompt still causes it to open and run.

sudo apt-get remove adobereader-enu --purge


Skype version says it is older than it is OS: Ubuntu 12.04
Problem: When I try to login to Skype, it says ¨cannot connect to server¨ - i understand that Skype no longer connects to server when the Skype version is less than 4.3, so my problem is as follows:

Skype Version
When I ask terminal for Skype version, it says the Skype version I have is 4.3
But when I open the Skype application (the only one available) it says it is version 4.0
I have removed and reinstalled it but it just produces the same problem.
How do I solve this problem?
- Thanks!

Solution: Problem solved after installing software updates and then reinstalling Skype v4.3


How to set 1440×900 screen resolution? I have an ASUS wide screen on a dual boot machine. In Windows screen resolution is 1440×900, but in Ubuntu the only settings available are 1424×768 or less. Is there a way to change this?

Go to System settings > Displays. You can change resolution in that. Something like this...

If System Settings doesn't do work, open Terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T). Run xrandr. Find what device has 1424×768 resolution (I call it name in command down). After that...
xrandr --output name --mode 1440x900

Maybe problem with your graphics driver.

For AMD → http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/linux/Pages/radeon_linux.aspx
For Nvidia → http://www.nvidia.com/object/unix.html

After installing this drivers reboot you machine.

sudo reboot

try these options:

Xrandr, xrandr is a command line tool for doing all kinds of settings for monitors, you may be able to force that setting and have it save the profile and have it auto load when logging into your system. read more about xrandr here. https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xrandr

option 2: if that doesn't work I would say you might have to face messing with xorg, and that's where things get messy, if that is the case you will want to read here, and then look at the wiki for resolutions etc https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Xorg

NOTE: please check your software update settings and see if any of the other drivers for your gfx card may work better to give you that option you need.

I hope the first one works for you, I have been fixing issues that way for 6 years.

best of luck- Larry


kernel panic - not syncing. No ini found. Ubuntu 12.04 along side Windows 7 dual boot I was able to boot into Ubuntu 13.04 from a live usb and do an installation on my HP NE56R31u which came with Windows 8 pre-installed, but which I since got a tech to change to Windows 7 instead.

However, after a successful installation along side Windows, upon reboot, I would get a black screen with a blinking cursor. Tried several of the fixes recommended here but none of them worked, and one of them made me unable to get to Grub, which made me unable to boot into even Windows and I became afraid. I at least want to have one os working on my machine.

Since it's been a few days and I am still unable to get Ubuntu to work despite begging for answers, I did a re-install, but this time with 12.04 LTS.

Once again the installation completed fine, but upon reboot, nothing. The error message this time is Kernel panic - not syncing. No init found. Try passing init=option to kernel.

I booted in again using the live usb and ran a boot repair. You can find the results here.

http://paste.ubuntu.com/6131996/

There are two things that stood out for me during the boot repair:

cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of overlayfs cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab

and

(glade2script:16608): Gtk-WARNING **: Attempting to store changes into `/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel', but failed: Failed to create file '/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel.MTNG3W': No such file or directory

(glade2script:16608): Gtk-WARNING **: Attempting to set the permissions of `/root/.local/share/recently-used.xbel', but failed: No such file or directory ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ cat /etc/fstab overlayfs / overlayfs rw 0 0 tmpfs /tmp tmpfs nosuid,nodev 0 0 /dev/sda5 swap swap defaults 0 0 ubuntu@ubuntu:~$

Can someone please help me? It's been WEEKS!

I'm probably barking up the wrong tree here, but have you tried turning off Secure Boot and/or using BIOS compatibility mode?  Assuming that those options are available in your BIOS... er.. UEFI.

This might have useful information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI

Did you install the 64bit version of Ubuntu?


rename file from title - author to author - title my files are of the form War of the World - H. G. Wells.pdf
I would like
Wells H G - War of the Worlds.pdf
There are several other file extensions epub, mobi etc.
Is there a package that will do this - in bulk?
Any help greatly appreciated.
Thanks

I should add that I have pyRenamer already.
Most files are of the format Title - Author.ext
eg Harry Potter blah de blah - J.K.Rowling.pdf
or
Some Other Title - Firstname Surname.epub

What I would like is
Surname Firstname - Title.ext
(os is Ubuntu 12.04LTS)
tia

You can use the perl-based rename command: based on the 3 examples you have given so far, something like

rename 's/(.*)\s+[-]\s+(.*)\.(.{3,4})/$2 - $1.$3/' *.*

should work however test it first by adding the -n and -v options i.e.

$ touch "War of the World - H. G. Well.pdf"
$ touch "Harry Potter blah de blah - J.K.Rowling.pdf"
$ touch "Some Other Title - Firstname Surname.epub"
$
$ rename -nv 's/(.*)\s+[-]\s+(.*)\.(.{3,4})/$2 - $1.$3/' *.*
Harry Potter blah de blah - J.K.Rowling.pdf renamed as J.K.Rowling - Harry Potter blah de blah.pdf
Some Other Title - Firstname Surname.epub renamed as Firstname Surname - Some Other Title.epub
War of the World - H. G. Well.pdf renamed as H. G. Well - War of the World.pdf

See man rename for usage

Yes, pyRenamer .

It is not very hard to figure out. I use it.

First select the folder where your files are located; they're usually located in the home user name or media then under insert/delete tab you can type what you want to add. There's a small icon option button up at the top right this will allow you to select all files and keep the file extension.

Then, hit preview after typing in what you want to add at the beginning if the check box is not checked and at end if it is.

If it looks good, hit rename, and you're done.

There are many more features. If you hover you mouse over stuff, a help box will appear.


Secondary monitor not being detected anymore after kernel upgrade After upgrading to Ubuntu 17.10 my secondary screen cannot be detected anymore. I have an AMD Radeon HD 7700M card and my monitor is connected through HDMI or DisplayPort, neither connection works. In Ubuntu 17.04 I had the possibility to revert to an older kernel and then it worked, but now even that older kernel is not working anymore.

I have a Nvidia 340 driver for my G92 GeForce GTS250 graphics card. I had the monitor not detected the problem after a kernel upgrades from Kernel 4.10.0-42. I just tried out the open source driver and I don't know why but it works and I can get the full-screen showing. Before I had a big black band around the display. I don't know what problems I will have with the open source driver but if nothing serious goes I have to use it or go back to an older kernel. I am using Linux Mint 18.3. This is only a a possible work around if the original driver is proprietory. The open source doesn't take advantage of many of the features of the graphics card I understand. For my purposes I have a functioning monitor.


White dialog windows in dark theme, Ubuntu 19.04 After upgrading to 19.04 I've noticed that some dialog windows are still white even while using a dark theme  (Adwaita-dark in my case).

Is there any way to make these windows dark like the rest of the theme?

The dialog you are seeing is themed according to your current Gnome Shell theme, not according to the current application theme.

By default, the gnome shell theme is dark, black. That you have a white dialog tells me you have a custom Gnome Shell theme active. You will need to change that to a dark theme.

Because you appear to have a custom Gnome Shell theme, I suppose you know how to set and change a Gnome Shell theme.


Nvidia 555M driver installation problem with a Lenovo Y570 I am trying to install the Nvidia 555M driver on my Lenovo Y570. I've tried all the advises here and other sites but I couldn't solve the problem.

I downloaded the graphics card driver from the nvidia site for linux X64
I tried to install it but a warning appears that I have to close x server.
I use Alt+Ctrl+F1 and then type sudo service lightdm stop to stop the X server
After this I can easily install the NVIDIA driver. but there was a problem: I couldn't get back to x server when I typed sudo service lightdm start. Again the black screen appeared.
After deleting xorg.conf file I again can see the screen as opened as first installation of Ubuntu.

Edit: After trying too many things again the failure. I am adding what i tried till now. If you can help I will be very glad to you.

Thanks for your advise but it didn't work :( There is no problem with stopping lightdm and then installing nvidia driver for Geforce 555m. The main problem that I have to deal with is that sudo service lightdm start doesn't work after installation. A warning appears, saying "no screen found". Unless I delete /etc/X11/xorg.conf I cannot start the X server. so I couldn't install Bumblebee.

Then I tried this: after deleting the xorg.conf file to start with x server I copied xorg.conf.backup file to xorg.conf. I again tried to install Bumblebee and I get it but when I rebooted the laptop, the X server problem appeared again. I think main problem is to restart lightdm.

This is a bug in somewhere in the kernel or BIOS and not the driver. Have a look at these for a workaround:

You'll need to remove the drivers and xorg.conf file (look at the link in step 3 below)
Then install the hack for working around a kernel/BIOS issue.
Then proceed with installing Bumblebee

i think These is a Optimos graphic card...
it worked on my gt 540m..

ironhide

http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/610


How to completely uninstall eclipse? I'm working on Eclipse Indigo on Ubuntu 12.04.

I'm trying to completely uninstall Eclipse (with Synaptic Package Manager + Mark for complete removal), but when I reinstall it, I clearly see that it has kept all parameters, and history, which is what I'm trying to get rid of.
I also tried the following.

sudo apt-get purge eclipse
rm -r ~/.eclipse/

As suggested here, no luck either.

Run following commands:

sudo apt-get autoremove eclipse*
rm -r ~/.eclipse/

This will uninstall the dependencies and related packages that were installed along with eclipse. This should do the trick.

Using synaptic package manager download "gtkorphan",it will remove your config and a lot of other orphaned packages.After download look in your dash home for Remove Orphaned Packages.I use it religiously to clean up my 12.04 system as well.


Why is the evolution-calendar-factory process running? Why is the evolution-calendar-factory process running?

Here are some of the running processes (created with ps aux --forest)

lightdm
 \_ /usr/bin/X -core :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch
 \_ lightdm --session-child 12 31
     \_ init --user
         \_ ssh-agent
         \_ dbus-daemon --fork --session --address=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-tGrbQ6SZd8
         \_ /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-source-registry
         \_ /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/gconf/gconfd-2
         \_ /usr/lib/evolution/evolution-calendar-factory

AFAIK I don't need evolution-calendar-factory. I don't want it to run, since it takes up a lot of RAM
Why is it started?

How to stop it starting the next time?

If you don't use Evolution, you could just completely remove it, there are some instructions how to here:

How do I completely remove Evolution?

Here is the command: sudo apt-get --purge remove evolution evolution-exchange evolution-plugins evolution-common evolution-webcal


Highlight Window with focus even more I have two monitors and sometimes I start to type into the wrong window.

The window with the focus is highlighted in unity (Ubuntu 16.04) with a gray shadow.

Is there a way to highlight the window with the focus even more?

Maybe with a colored border ...

Thank you very much for all answers, but ...

... they are all too complicated. Why is simple convenience stuff like this that complicated?

How about changing Unity decoration shadow for active window. This just example for Ambiance theme (same for Radiance).

Change directory for easy tests

cd /usr/share/themes/Ambiance/

Change decoration (example: blue color)

sudo nano gtk-3.0/apps/unity.css

Original black active shadow

UnityDecoration {
...
    -UnityDecoration-active-shadow-color: rgba (0, 0, 0, 0.75);
    -UnityDecoration-active-shadow-radius: 30px;
    -UnityDecoration-inactive-shadow-color: rgba (0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -UnityDecoration-inactive-shadow-radius: 25px;
...
}

Now blue active shadow

UnityDecoration {
...
    -UnityDecoration-active-shadow-color: rgba (0, 0, 255, 0.75);
    -UnityDecoration-active-shadow-radius: 30px;
    -UnityDecoration-inactive-shadow-color: rgba (0, 0, 0, 0.3);
    -UnityDecoration-inactive-shadow-radius: 25px;
...
}

You may change size(radius) and transparency too.
Logout login.

As Serg commented below, the above method could be fine for limited number of themes as it needs manual change for each theme. Here is a better way using Compiz.

Install Compiz manager

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Run it ccsm, go Ubuntu Unity Plugin → Decorations tab
Check Override theme settings then change Active window shadow as you like.

The window decorations plugin in compizconfig-settings-manager (CCSM) allows you to edit the default settings for this .

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

To start the settings manager interface run

ccsm

Scroll to the Effects section and choose Window Decoration

Enable the plugin by clicking its tickbox then adjust the Active and Inactive Shadow settings to taste. Changes should appear automatically.

Be careful about playing with anything else in CCSM until you are sure these settings are stable, its very easy to completely break your compiz installation as not all settings are compatible with each other.


install vmrc.so plugin for Chrome I want to install VMWare-VMRC plugin for chrome,

I downloaded VMware-VMRC.x86_64.bundle, and follow the installer,
built the /opt/google/chrome/plugins directory and a np-vmware-vmrc-5.5.0-1280474.so file in it.

The installer works well for firefox, but not for chrome.

chrome://plugin still doesn’t show the vmrc plugin and the site still asking me to install the plugin.
Please help.

Doesn't work for chrome.  That plugin uses an outdated method that is no longer supported.
https://productforums.google.com/forum/#!msg/chrome/RtsoU4ee1YI/Atie1UZgFQwJ


How can I setup Canon MF5550 on Linux box Recent support to XP has ended as a result I am looking for Linux driver for my Canon MF5550 which connects via USB. Could not find any driver for this printer for Linux. Need help how I can connect to my linux Box. Currently I am using Ubuntu 3.2.0-58-generic-pae.

Ubuntu is installed over VMware, for which I have changed it from local machine to Ubuntu via removal Devices option.

Do you really need a driver, considering it is a plug and play USB Printer?

Ubuntu has native support for plug and play. Did you print something?

EDIT: Right click your virtual machine and select Edit Virtual Machine Settings.

Check for the Printer column. Press the Add button and go on configuring your printer through the Add Hardware Wizard.

Reboot your VM and try again.

And if this helps, please upvote.


How to increase swap space? I have, by default, 250MB of swap space in Ubuntu, and I want to expand it to a larger size. I need 800MB, which I think will be enough to open several applications without having to hit the current limit of swap. I hope someone can help me.

You can always create a swap file to add more swap space. This is not the same in every aspect as swap partition, but it will be easy and dynamic.
In the following steps, change /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img to anything you like. For example, it can be /swap.img as well. /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img is just an example filename. If you are using this one, then of course there must be a directory /media/fasthdd/ with enough free space for your new swap file.
Use any terminal application to run the commands of the following steps. All commands should be run with root privileges. To do this, you can either add sudo to the beginning of every command or run sudo bash before running the commands.

Create an empty file:
This file will contain virtual memory contents so make file big enough for your needs. This one will create a 1GiB file, which means +1GiB swap space for your system:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img bs=1024 count=1M

If you want to make a 3GiB file, then change count value to count=3M. See man dd for more information.

Bake the swap file:
The following command is going to make a "swap filesystem" inside your fresh swap file.
mkswap /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img

Bring up on boot:
To make sure that your new swap space is activated while booting up computer, you should add it to the filesystem configuration file /etc/fstab. Add it to the end of the file. This is recommended because other filesystems (at least one that contains a swap file) must be mounted in read-write mode before we can access any files.
# Add this line to /etc/fstab
/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img swap swap sw 0 0

Activate:
You can either reboot your computer or activate the new swap file by hand with the following command:
swapon /media/fasthdd/swapfile.img

If everything goes well, you should see that more swap space is available for use. You can use the following commands to check your new swap and confirm that it is active:
$ cat /proc/swaps
Filename                           Type       Size    Used    Priority
/media/fasthdd/swapfile.img        file       8388604 2724    -1

$ grep 'Swap' /proc/meminfo
SwapCached:         4772 kB
SwapTotal:       8388604 kB
SwapFree:        8355812 kB

I have zfs and this worked for me.

sudo zfs create -V 8G -b $(getconf PAGESIZE) -o logbias=throughput -o sync=always -o primarycache=metadata -o com.sun:auto-snapshot=false rpool/swap

sudo mkswap -f /dev/zvol/rpool/swap

sudo swapon /dev/zvol/rpool/swap

In /etc/fstab I added this line (with tabs as spaces):

/dev/zvol/rpool/swap none swap discard 0 0


How can I update all Snap packages? I know that I can update a snap package using

sudo snap refresh <package>

But is there a way to update all snaps, like

sudo apt dist-upgrade

sudo snap refresh

Will do this. It is part of snapd 2.0.8, which landed 2016-06-13 in xenial-updates.
snap refresh --list

Only lists the updates without refreshing the packages.
snap info <snap name>

Can show which versions are available for a particular package.

Try running snap with sudo:
sudo snap refresh


gnome-shell stopped working after last update After an update 3 days ago gnome-shell stopped working, trying to restart it with gnome-shell --replace only results in another crash and the keyboard stops working.

This is what I get when trying to start gnome-shell:

st_widget_get_theme_node called on the widget [0x24112a0 StButton.status-chooser-user-icon] which is not in the stage.

gnome-shell-calendar-server[4829]: Got HUP on stdin - exiting
Trace/breakpoint trap

If I look in the xorg.0.log I got this error:

gnome-session[5321]: WARNING: App 'gnome-shell.desktop' respawning too quickly

and

: CRITICAL: We failed, but the fail whale is dead. Sorry....

Ran metacity --replace just to get the window borders back for now. The interesting thing is if I log in to xfce I got the same problem, no window boarders, must run metacity --replace in xfce also.

Running Ubuntu 11.10 with gnome-shell 3.2.1.

The problem is caused by the gnome-shell Alternative Status Menu extension:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=739271

You can try the workarounds suggested in the previous link, or read here for how to remove the extension:

https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/GNOME#When_an_extension_breaks_GNOME


Why am I getting authentication errors for packages from an Ubuntu repository? I'm experimenting with VPNs, so I wanted to install pptpd.

john@desktop:~$ sudo apt-get install pptpd
[sudo] password for john:
<snip>
The following extra packages will be installed:
  bcrelay
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  bcrelay pptpd
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 0 to remove and 11 not upgraded.
Need to get 90.5 kB of archives.
After this operation, 442 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y

And everything runs fine until I get down to here:

WARNING: The following packages cannot be authenticated!
  bcrelay pptpd
Install these packages without verification [y/N]? n
E: Some packages could not be authenticated

No authentication?  I'm no security expert, but I'm fairly sure that's a bad thing.  So I check to see where the packages are coming from.

john@desktop:~$ apt-cache policy pptpd
pptpd:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.3.4-3ubuntu1
  Version table:
     1.3.4-3ubuntu1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty/main i386 Packages
john@desktop:~$ apt-cache policy bcrelay
bcrelay:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.3.4-3ubuntu1
  Version table:
     1.3.4-3ubuntu1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty/main i386 Packages

They're coming from Ubuntu.com and not being properly authenticated?  What's going on here?

apt-key utility

apt-key is used to manage the list of keys used by apt to verify packages. Packages which have been verified using these keys will be considered trusted. To update the local keyring with the keyring of Ubuntu archive keys and removes from the keyring the archive keys which are no longer valid.

$ sudo apt-key update
$ sudo apt-get update

try install something...

ntc2 is essentially correct (for my case anyway), but allow me to elaborate on the solution.

For whatever reason I was stuck on 15.04 even though it was set up to auto upgrade. No matter how many times I updated/upgraded no new release was being shown, and I kept getting the authentication error when installing packages.

However I finally figured out how to force the upgrade via the official Ubuntu 15.10 (Wily Werewolf) Release Notes.
Turns out to be fairly simple, and in my case all I really needed was the last step.

Upgrading from Ubuntu 15.04:

  Install the update-manager-core package if it is not already installed.
  Make sure the /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades is set to normal.
  Launch the upgrade tool with the command sudo do-release-upgrade.

Now that I've upgraded the authentication error is resolved and I can install packages without issue.

Upgrade issue -  E: Method gave invalid 103 Redirect message

This might or might not be related to the upgrade issues so I'll leave this here in case anyone else also encounters this.
If during the upgrade you encounter the following error:

  E: Method gave invalid 103 Redirect message

You might have to clean out the partial files with the below and retry the upgrade:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/*

(Source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1479045)

This was the final piece to make the upgrade go through for me.


xtables-addon installation failed I have a server with ubuntu 12.04 and when I try to install xtables-addon with this command module-assistant auto-install xtables-addons-source I get this error

Bad luck, the kernel headers for the target kernel version could not be found and you did not specify other valid kernel headers to use.
If the running kernel has been shipped with the Debian distribution, please install the package linux-headers-3.2.13-grsec-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64. If your kernel
 source tree (or headers) is located in some non-usual location,please set the KERNELDIRS environment variable to the path of this directory, or (alternatively) specify the source directory
 we build for with the --kernel-dir option in module-assistant calls.

If I run uname -r I get this :

3.2.13-grsec-xxxx-grs-ipv6-64

I think that my host have modified the installed kernel ubuntu .

How can I fix this ?

Thanks

This how I fixed this issue :

change the source to default from here

apt-get update
apt-get install linux-image-server
cd /etc/grub.d/
mv 06_OVHkernel /root/
update-grub
reboot
apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

insiperd from this link


Is there a way I can rename Trash to Crap? I was trying to Rename the folder Trash to Crap.

I did this

I first ran cd /home/username/.local/share/

Now my present working directory is /home/username/.local/share

then when I typed ls I could see the folder Trash.

then I renamed it to Crap by typing mv Trash Crap

and then when I again typed ls I could see that the folder was renamed to Crap but on the launcher when I open the Trash folder it's still named as Trash and not Crap. Why is that so?

Yeah, you can abuse the translations system to do this.

Make a temporary text file using gedit

gedit /tmp/foo.po

and enter this text into it:

  msgid "Trash"

  msgstr "Crap"

Change to /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES

cd /usr/share/locale/en/LC_MESSAGES

And then apply changes

sudo msgfmt -o unity.mo /tmp/foo.po

Now restart unity to make the changes take effect.

unity --replace

Source: https://askubuntu.com/a/225023/17722

Go to http://ubuntu-tweak.com/
There you can download the program and use it to change it to whatever you want.  As for "Rubbish Bin," your settings probably has you in Australia.


SSH public key added but still prompt for password I've encountered an error when trying to setup so I can connect to my HTPC with my laptop, I've followed this guide from ubuntu help

This is my ~/.ssh/ permissions on my remote host

-rw------- 1 htpc htpc  398 Feb 29 15:16 authorized_keys
-rw------- 1 htpc htpc 1675 Feb 29 15:15 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 htpc htpc  391 Feb 29 15:15 id_rsa.pub

this is my /etc/ssh/sshd_config file on remote host

# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin without-password
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile      %h/.ssh/authorized_keys

When I try to enter from my local machine through SSH, it still ask me for a password even though my public ssh key is inside the authorized_keys on the remote host.

Debug log when connecting from local machine to htpc

debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Next authentication method: publickey
debug1: Offering RSA public key: /home/mikeyr/.ssh/id_rsa
debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password
debug1: Trying private key: /home/mikeyr/.ssh/id_dsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/mikeyr/.ssh/id_ecdsa
debug1: Trying private key: /home/mikeyr/.ssh/id_ed25519
debug1: Next authentication method: password

I've tried with my router as well and I have no issues getting it to work on that.

Note that your /etc/ssh/sshd_config contains the line

 StrictModes yes

  Specifies whether sshd should check file modes and ownership of the
  user's files and home directory before accepting login. This is
  normally desirable because novices sometimes accidentally leave their
  directory or files world-writable. The default is ''yes''.

In other words, your home directory ~ on the remote host should be owned and group-owned by you (in this case, this probably means owner htpc and group htpc), and only writable by you (and potentially your group): that means no write in the last ("world") column

$ ls -la ~/
drwxr-xr-x 41 htpc htpc .

Note that the last part says r-x (not world writable), NOT rwx.

If there's a rwx in the last triplet, you need to remove the write rights:

chmod a-w ~

Similarly for the ~/.ssh folder and ~/.ssh/authorized_keys. I would recommend chmod 700 ~/.ssh to only grant access to yourself for the folder, and chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys for the file.

(Also see https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/16981/5477 for more server-side debugging tools)

Maybe while generating ssh-key you have added password to a key.

Generate new ssh-key ssh-keygen

Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): <- press enter as for default ( no password ).

Then ssh-copy-id user@host


I set "PubkeyAuthentication" to no and I am locked out I am not very familiar with ssh and I am afraid I made a disastrous mistake.

There is an old server which used public key authentication. My public key was in the authorized keys, so I was able to access it. The user was the default 'ubuntu' user and I am pretty sure that it had no password.

I disabled the public key authentication, setting the "PubkeyAuthentication" to "no".

Now I am locked out as when I type

ssh ubuntu@[host_IP]

I need to give a password and then I get

  Permission denied, please try again

I think there was no password for this user. I am sure that I didn't have to give any password for sudo commands

Is there any way to access the server again?

I think the best option here is to reboot the system into single user mode and make configuration changes from there.  (i.e. update the ssh configuration or set a password)  Check here for details on getting into single user mode: How do I boot into single-user mode from GRUB?


Are users of Ubuntu certified computers safe from OEM SSL/TLS tampering? Please let me raise this question here hoping the we will also receive an official answer, even though this a mostly community driven site.

Since Dell now is the second manufacturer after Lenovo (Superfish) just this year to compromise Web security in OEM-Windows installations and both also offer Ubuntu Edition branded computers with OEM installs I think that users trusting the Ubuntu brand deserve an answer that is far better than:

  Canonical can not provide those OEM images to the public.

Source: Launchpad, see also.

Which is contradictory to the benefits of free software operating systems: Knowing the verifiable and reproducible state of a system and who put the parts of it together.

Answers I'd like to see:

Is there evidence that the images that Canonical provides to OEMs don't contain modifications to the Ubuntu root certificate store? (Build system, scripts or package list used, hashes and so forth.)
Are there already established processes that impose and ensure that OEMs offering Ubuntu certified computers never tamper with the contents of the root certificate store? (Also not to pre-install customized browsers or offering packages from their repositories as a bypass or implementing tricky firmware features that tamper with the certificate store.)

Supplemental answers welcome:

One answer to compare the local root certificate store with corresponding packages from the repositories. (Probably better as a separate Q&A if it doesn't exist already.)

Optionally answers from users with Ubuntu certified computers – look at the link above – that checked their systems this way. (Please wait a few days until we find appropriate criteria or if this is a good idea at all. We probably organize it as a wiki-style answer for everyone to edit once criteria are set – no big-list answer-style please. Criteria that currently come to my mind: manufacturer, model, release shipped, release currently running.)

To be clear, the problem in both events was that official certificate authority infrastructure was bypassed with very poor security standards in mind which quickly led to abuse of these certificates by other parties.

Related posts on Information Security SE:

What security risks are posed by software vendors deploying SSL Intercepting proxies on user desktops (e.g. Superfish)
Why was the private key of the Superfish certificate so easily extractable?
How to detect if I am vulnerable to “Superfish,” and how to remove it?

Ubuntu's open source nature does not make it immune from the same kind of issue, where an OEM may have added malware (accidentally or deliberately), whether that be additional CA certificates or otherwise, on the images it distributes pre-installed on computers.

If you install Ubuntu yourself there are a number of measures against malicious modification by third parties: If you obtain an image of Ubuntu from an official Ubuntu source you can verify its checksum, and if you keep Ubuntu updated using APT with the official repositories you benefit from its built-in digital signing, assuring you that the images have not been tampered with by third-parties.

However, as you may suspect if Ubuntu is pre-installed by an OEM they have almost certainly made modifications to it aside from just installing the official images, for quite legitimate reasons.  If bought from a trusted source it would be very unlikely that the installation would include malware, possibly even more unlikely than the typical Windows installation, but there is nothing that would make it impossible, and you only need to look at the examples from Lenovo and Dell to see how that might happen.

As for whether you need to worry, you can judge for yourself.  Wiping and reinstalling from an official Ubuntu installer might quell some fears, though you will lose any OEM-specific customisation or extra functionality.

I can't answer your question about whether Ubuntu/Canonical try to police any changes to root certificate stores on OEM's derived installations, but I can't see how that would be feasible to do comprehensively enough.

There is a simple way to check https://dellrootcheck.detectify.com on your pre-installed Ubuntu system.


Package denyhosts in Ubuntu Trusty Tahr is deleted: temporary or forever? While doing a test-upgrade of our Ubuntu server to 14.04, I found that the package DenyHosts is no longer available. Installing it gives following error:

apt-get install denyhosts
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package denyhosts

Apparently it has been deleted, according to launchpad.

Will Denyhosts be available in the final release of Ubuntu 14.04?

I am sorry denyhosts has reached this stage, but I think you answered your own question :

  dead upstream; unmaintained; dysfunctional in sid

Unmaintained upstream projects will reside in the repos, with patches, until the packages can no longer patch, so looks like the end for denyhosts.

My best advice is to look for alternates.

Personally I harden my ssh server

And use iptables

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -m state --state NEW -m recent --set --name SSH --rsource -j ACCEPT
sudo iptables -A INPUT -m recent --update --seconds 600 --hitcount 8 --rttl --name SSH --rsource -j DROP

See http://bodhizazen.com/Tutorials/iptables

all the links in this post are from my LUG ;)

It appears that a fork is now being maintained at https://github.com/denyhosts/denyhosts and the current version is 2.9.