Possible missing frmware /lib/firmware/i915 I upgraded my laptop to have the 4.8 kernel and during the process the following warnings came up.

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.8.0-040800-generic
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin for module i915

These seem a little odd to me as my CPU is i7-6700HQ which is a skylake and my understanding is that these are for different CPUs? I followed the instructions here prior as in the past I had warnings regarding my CPU family.

Are these warnings things I should just ignore, or should I install the guc/dmc drivers for those CPU families?

May 20, 2019 Update
To answer your question you don't need to update drivers for a processor you aren't running but it is nice to see the warnings disappear when you do.
Today I received these warning:
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.1-050001-generic
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_dmc_ver1_27.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_04.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/cnl_dmc_ver1_07.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/icl_dmc_ver1_07.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_39.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver9_29.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/skl_guc_ver9_33.bin for module i915

I downloaded the blobs (described in next section) and then used:
$ sudo cp ~/Downloads/*.bin /lib/firmware/i915/

$ sudo update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-5.0.1-050001-generic

Now my Sky Lake (skl) drivers are up to date and I can try out latest kernel parameters recommended on the internet. Warning messages for future processors Kaby Lake (kbl), Cannon Lake (cnl) and Ice Lake (icl) are gone making life less stressful.

May 26, 2018 Update
Minor revision August 6, 2018.
New download screen of "blobs"
Recently Intel has created a new download page and new web page layout:

The download files are now called firmware blobs which is new-speak for firmware drivers. It stands for Binary Large OBject (BLOB).
Drivers are sorted by processor:

bxt Broxton, Canceled in 2016, successor to Cherry Trail processors
kbl Kabylake, 7th generation, eg i7-7700
skl Skylake, 6th generation, eg i7-6700

Then drivers are organized by subgroup (full explanation here):

GUC - GuC is designed to perform graphics workload scheduling on the various graphics parallel engines.
DMC - DMC provides additional graphics low-power idle states.
HUC - HuC is designed to offload some of the media functions from the CPU to GPU.

Match error message to driver needed
Compare the error message you are receiving by update-initramfs or update-grub to find the missing driver. In your example the message was "/lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin" so you are missing the Kabylake GuC called: kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin in the web page shown above. You don't want the newer one: kbl_guc_ver9_39.bin
Download driver needed
There is no more installation script as in past versions. Simply highlight the missing driver (blob) and click on it. This screen appears:

Initially you only see the "hex dump" but after clicking the link titled plain a download window appears as illustrated above.
Click "Save File"
Install driver with simple sudo cp (copy command)

After downloading, installation is a simple sudo cp (copy command) and there are no complicated tar commands, or ./script_name installation steps.
Quick Install
cd ~/Downloads
sudo cp kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin /lib/firmware/i915
sudo cp bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin /lib/firmware/i915

IMPORTANT: Replace kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin and bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin above with the missing driver names you downloaded.
VOILA! New driver is installed. Much simpler than previous installation methods for missing Intel i915 drivers!
TL;DR Exploratory Installation
I already had the driver installed. This lengthy installation method gives you an idea of before and after effects of copying the BLOB:
$ sudo updatedb
$ llocate kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
ACCESS      OWNER  GROUP  SIZE    MODIFIED    NAME (updatdb last ran: 2018-05-26 12:07:57)
-rw-rw-r--  rick   rick   142656  2018-05-26  /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
-rw-rw-r--  rick   rick   142656  2017-02-24  /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
-rw-r--r--  root   root   142656  2017-10-26  /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
$ diff /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
# Blank line appears here signifying no differences from previous version
$ sudo cp /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin /lib/firmware/i915
$ llocate kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
ACCESS      OWNER  GROUP  SIZE    MODIFIED    NAME (updatdb last ran: 2018-05-26 12:07:57)
-rw-rw-r--  rick   rick   142656  2018-05-26  /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
-rw-rw-r--  rick   rick   142656  2017-02-24  /home/rick/Downloads/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
-rw-r--r--  root   root   142656  2018-05-26  /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin

Use the locate command below in place of llocate.

February 14, 2017 - Intel has released drivers
As per this bug report today (W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin for module i915) Intel has released the required Kabylake and Broxton drivers on their (https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/firmware) web page:

Download the missing drivers for Kabylake (GuC - Ver 9.14) and (DMC - Ver 1.01) and Broxton (GuC - Ver 8.7). These are in .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 format.
Install drivers in "tar" format
Although you can run the install.sh scripts these instructions are the easiest.
Change to the download directory and verify files are there:
:~$ cd Downloads

:~/Downloads$ ll *tar*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 rick rick 69329 Feb 14 21:05 bxtgucver87.tar.gz
-rw-rw-r-- 1 rick rick  4338 Feb 14 21:06 kbldmcver101.tar.bz2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 rick rick 70402 Feb 14 21:06 kblgucver914.tar.gz

Extract the compressed tar files:
:~/Downloads$ tar -zxvf bxtgucver87.tar.gz
firmware/bxt/guc/bxt_guc_ver8_7/
firmware/bxt/guc/bxt_guc_ver8_7/install.sh
firmware/bxt/guc/bxt_guc_ver8_7/ReleaseNotes.txt
firmware/bxt/guc/bxt_guc_ver8_7/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin

:~/Downloads$ tar -xjvf kbldmcver101.tar.bz2
kbl_dmc_ver1_01/
kbl_dmc_ver1_01/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin
kbl_dmc_ver1_01/install.sh
kbl_dmc_ver1_01/ReleaseNotes.txt

:~/Downloads$ tar -zxvf kblgucver914.tar.gz
firmware/kbl/guc/kbl_guc_ver9_14/
firmware/kbl/guc/kbl_guc_ver9_14/install.sh
firmware/kbl/guc/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
firmware/kbl/guc/kbl_guc_ver9_14/ReleaseNotes.txt

Copy the files and update initramfs
:~/Downloads$ sudo cp -t /lib/firmware/i915/ firmware/bxt/guc/bxt_guc_ver8_7/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin kbl_dmc_ver1_01/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin firmware/kbl/guc/kbl_guc_ver9_14/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
:~/Downloads$ sudo update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.9-040909-generic

Notice the error (warning) messages are gone!
Remove work files
:~/Downloads$ rm -r firmware kbl_dmc_ver1_01 *.tar.*

Historical (Original) Post for reference
I've had two warning messages on missing i915 drivers for Kernel's 4.6.3, 4.7.1, 4.7.2, 4.7.3 and 4.7.5. I've ignored them and things have been fine with my HD4000 Intel Integrated Graphics. I wish the same thing could be said about Nvidia and Nouvaeu.
As one answer in your link stated you can go to Intel's website to get most up-to-date Linux Graphics drivers at: intel-linux-graphics-firmwares. However when I read that site a few weeks ago I was concerned with all the possible things that can go wrong under different scenarios so I opted out.
Did you install 4.8 release candidate 6 from September 24th? That's the most current in Ubuntu I believe. You don't have to answer but I'm curious why you went with 4.8 instead of 4.7.5, ie what the differences are you need to fix things.
Edit - October 19, 2016
Now using kernel version 4.8.1 (real version and not release candidate) for over a week and things are working nicely. This is under Ubuntu 16.04 though. Ubuntu 16.10 was released October 13th and it is using Kernel version 4.8.0 I believe.
It's not my plan to keep updating this answer but I wanted to lay to rest the inference that 4.8 release candidates might have problems. The real version does not.
Edit - February 2, 2017
Now running Kernel version 4.9.5 mainline version which at this time Ubuntu 16.04 has updated it's kernel to 4.4.0-59. Intel changed it's link for Intel Graphics for Linux drivers and I updated the new link above.
Questions still remain about the warning messages generated by sudo update-initramfs -u when Kernel version > 4.8 (Ubuntu 16.10 and Ubuntu 17.04):
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin for module i915
W: Possible missing firmware /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin for module i915

As stated in the bug report (bugs.launchpad.net - linux firmware bug) the drivers simply do not exist and will not until a future chip called "kaby lake" is released.
Make the warning messages go away
To make the warning message go away I did the following:
$ sudo cp assembly/hello /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_dmc_ver1_01.bin
$ sudo cp assembly/hello /lib/firmware/i915/kbl_guc_ver9_14.bin
$ sudo cp assembly/hello /lib/firmware/i915/bxt_guc_ver8_7.bin
$ sudo update-initramfs -u
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-4.9.5-040905-generic

Voila! No more warning messages.
The program "hello" is a 504 byte assembler program that says "Hello World!". You can copy any small executable to the firmware binaries given in the error messages. When Intel eventually releases them the software updater will replace them with the real versions.
How to navigate Intel Graphics for Linux website
It was asked via comments how to navigate within the the new Intel website (01.org - Linux Graphics Downloads) which presents this screen:

Type Ubuntu 16.04 into the search field and click the Filter button.
For Ubuntu 16.10 select the first result. In our case Ubuntu 16.04 select the second result INTEL GRAPHICS UPDATE TOOL FOR LINUX* OS V2.0.2 and this screen appears:

In my case I selected Ubuntu 16.04 64-bit which downloaded the file intel-graphics-update-tool_2.0.2_amd64.deb to my ~/Downloads directory.
The next step is to open the terminal and use:
cd Downloads
sudo dpkg -i intel*.deb

NOTE: Intel uses the ancients ttf font and your installation will fail if it's not on your system. At this point you need to use:
sudo apt -f install
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Now you can run the Intel Graphics for Linux Updater tool as this screen shows:

Add Intel signatures for Ubuntu
During apt-get update you can see warning / error messages like this:
W: GPG error: https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/16.04/main xenial InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 56A3DEF863961D39
E: The repository 'https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/16.04/main xenial InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

You'll need to add Intel's signatures using:
wget --no-check-certificate https://download.01.org/gfx/RPM-GPG-KEY-ilg-4 -O - | \
sudo apt-key add -

Then update in Ubuntu:
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Intel have changed the site again, now redirecting to git.kernel.org.

Look at your warnings using a terminal window (terminal, PuTTY, etc. or on the local machine) then for each one click the link in Intel's git page using a web browser (which brings up a hex dump of the file), copy the link location from the plain button above the dump, go back to the terminal and wget this link.

Once you've got the files corresponding to each warning, cp or sudo cp them to /lib/firmware/i915.


Can't open desktop folders on Ubuntu 18.04 The thing is that I decided to install Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (had 17.10 before) and everything was fine, I could open desktop folders. I don't know how, but some days ago suddenly I couldn't open theses folders by double clicking on them or even right clicking and trying to open as a new window. I can open these folders with Nautilus(default file browser) and can even delete them and some more options like rename (as double clicking on them at desktop) and can also open desktop files by double clicking. The problem is just with folders on desktop. I tried to look for a solution but nothing worked at the moment so I hope someone could help me with this.
I am using GNOME desktop environment.

@ArchismanPanigrahi First i did a clean install and it worked fine but i started to install some gnome extensions and suddenly dunno with which one it doesnt work anymore. The thing is i disabled all the extensions and keep not working. I am running 18.074 with ComunityTheme but it doesnt work with normal enviroment. I wish this info can be useful for u, anything u need just comment, sorry for answering late but I was kinda bussy. Thanks

@DavidFoerster Yeah, i tryed to enter as guest user and the problem continues, i think it could be a nautilus problem maybe but was looking for info and tryed to reinstall, nothing worked at the moment. Its not a really serious problem but would like to know why this is happening, i just found one guy in Ubuntu Reddit who has exactly the same problem and no solution, i will try to solve this again because i was kinda bussy and didnt got time to continue. Anywway thx for your help and sorry for the late answer.

EDIT 1: Still no solution found, formatting would solve this but dont want to do this.

EDIT 2: Tryed to remove nautilus and use Nemo as main file browser and have the same problem so i dont think its a nautilus problem.

EDIT 3: I found this article and not sure if could be the answer for my question. If anyone knows comment, thanks.
https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/01/gnome-desktop-icons-removed-3-28

I just experienced the same problem-not being able to open the folders on my desktop, but I could open Nautilus, and from there, open the folders.

What I ended up doing is:

From the Desktop - Right Click on the Folder
Select- Open With Other Application
Select- Nautilus

That worked for me.
Just checked it again before Posting this, still works.

            .-/+oossssoo+/-.
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:`           ---
      -+ssssssssssssssssssyyssss+-         OS: Ubuntu 18.04.1 LTS x86_64
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.       Kernel: 4.15.0-38-generic
   /ssssssssssshdmmNNmmyNMMMMhssssss/      Uptime: 31 mins
  +ssssssssshmydMMMMMMMNddddyssssssss+     Packages: 2521 (dpkg), 24 (snap)
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhmNMMMNhssssssss/    Shell: bash 4.4.19
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.   Resolution: 1920x1080
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   DE: GNOME 3.28.3
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   WM: GNOME Shell
ossyNMMMNyMMhsssssssssssssshmmmhssssssso   WM Theme: Adwaita
+sssshhhyNMMNyssssssssssssyNMMMysssssss+   Theme: Ambiance [GTK2/3]
.ssssssssdMMMNhsssssssssshNMMMdssssssss.   Icons: ubuntu-mono-dark [GTK2/3]
 /sssssssshNMMMyhhyyyyhdNMMMNhssssssss/    Terminal: gnome-terminal
  +sssssssssdmydMMMMMMMMddddyssssssss+     CPU: Intel i5-6400 (4) @ 3.300GHz
   /ssssssssssshdmNNNNmyNMMMMhssssss/      GPU: Intel HD Graphics 530
    .ossssssssssssssssssdMMMNysssso.       Memory: 2225MiB / 62508MiB
      -+sssssssssssssssssyyyssss+-
        `:+ssssssssssssssssss+:`
            .-/+oossssoo+/-.

This was a recent change to Nautilus. You can open the file manager and access Desktop files from there.

I recommend installing Nemo.

Nemo will handle the desktop in lieu of Nautilus.

Open a terminal session (Gnome terminal,...)

sudo apt-get install nemo

or go to the software center and search for it.

You also can get the deb package from https://pkgs.org/

P.S. DO NOT remove Nautilus ...........

You can use dconf to edit desktop preferences

https://pkgs.org/download/dconf


Flash video appears blue The Problem
After updating to Ubuntu 12.04 from Ubuntu 11.10, all video is still blue, whether playing in a browser or a player. Same problem occurs in 11.10 as well.
I have tried to uninstall all Flash and re-installed but it makes no difference.
What is causing the blue Flash video?
Ubuntu 11.10 64bit
Ubuntu 12.04LTS 64bit

What it looks like

There are some misleading and some wrong recommendations here, so let's sum up what the problem is and what solutions there are.

TL;DR

The latest versions of Ubuntu since 12.10 (Quantal) contain a patched version of the library. If you still run into issues with blue video (NOT including the Blue Man Group), check out this answer – the Flash Player's library name must be libflashplayer.so otherwise libvdpau won't apply the workaround.
You may also take a look at /etc/vdpau_wrapper.cfg file. There you can disable the workarounds applied by libvdpau.

If you have Oneiric (11.10) or Precise (12.04), install patched libvdpau:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tikhonov/misc
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libvdpau1

Otherwise you can modify Flash Player's library:

cd /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer || cd /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/
sudo perl -pi.bak -e 's/libvdpau/lixvdpau/g' libflashplayer.so

Read the whole post before commenting.

The problem

Flash Player since version 11.2 uses hardware video acceleration on most platforms. Unfortunately the acceleration in Linux is not just unsupported, but essentially broken. Flash Player swaps colors in the video under the following conditions:

You are using a fairly new Nvidia GPU with VDPAU support.
You are using current version of Nvidia binary driver (older versions don't support VDPAU).
You have libvdpau1 package installed.
The player on the site uses Stage Video – that's why only YouTube and few other players are affected.

See the explanation by Pierre-Loup Griffais from Nvidia.

This is not a bug in Nvidia drivers. Nvidia is aware of this problem and they have already created a workaround. Nouveau driver isn't probably affected because the video decoding support is not yet finished.

This is not a bug in libvdpau. libvdpau is just a wrapper which allows video players to use VDPAU decoding (see Stephen Warren's explanation).

This is not an Ubuntu-specific bug. Other distributions are affected as well, e.g. Arch.

The bug is very possibly in Flash Player – although Adobe tries to blame Nvidia and incompetent users. There have been multiple reports on Adobe's bug tracker, all of them were rejected as “CannotReproduce”:

https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3077076
https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3097844
https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3109467
https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3120888
https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3136745
https://bugbase.adobe.com/index.cfm?event=bug&id=3164063

There won't be an official fix from Adobe, since NPAPI-based Flash Player receives only security patches until 2017. Hopefully we won't need Flash Player by that time.

The workarounds

Use libvdpau 0.5

Available in official repositories since Ubuntu 12.10 libvdpau 0.4.1-6

This version of libvdpau includes a workaround by Stephen Warren described below.

See the release announcement

Install patched libvdpau (proper patch)

Stephen Warren has created nice patch for libvdpau, which detects Flash Player and applies workarounds only for it. The patch can be controlled using /etc/vdpau_wrapper.cfg file.

Patched libvdpau fixes colors and allows Flash Player to use VDPAU for hardware overlay which still provides some performance benefits.

For the wrapper to work, it needs to recognize the use of Flash. So the Flash library has to be named libflashplayer.so and the plugin wrapper has to be enabled in Firefox (in about:config, dom.ipc.plugins.enabled.libflashplayer.so and dom.ipc.plugins.enabled should be set to true).

For Precise (12.04) and Oneiric (11.10) you can install the patched libvdapu from Maxim Thikonov's PPA using the following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tikhonov/misc
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libvdpau1

The change should come into effect after reboot (or possibly sooner).

Prevent Flash Player from finding libvdpau

(Via Daniel Mario Vega on Launchpad)

Locate libflashplayer.so in your system – for Ubuntu, it's either in /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/ if you have adobe-flashplugin package installed, or /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer/ for flashplugin-installer package.
Consult your browser's about:plugins if you have trouble finding the file (a little tweaking in case of Firefox may be required).

Run the following commands – assuming you have installed either flashplugin-installer, or adobe-flasplugin:

 cd /usr/lib/flashplugin-installer || cd /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/
sudo perl -pi.bak -e 's/libvdpau/lixvdpau/g' libflashplayer.so

The change takes effect after restarting the browser.

This will modify Flash Player's binary to search for non-existent "lixvdpau" library instead of "libvdpau". Therefore it won't attempt to use VDPAU presentation at all.

The command creates libflashplayer.so.bak backup of the binary in case you run into any problems.

You need to run this command every time there's a Flash Player update since your change will be overwritten.

With this workaround you can keep HW acceleration on, have libvdpau1 installed and it's very easy to apply compared to patching libvdpau.

Use Google Chrome with PepperFlash

Since version 20, Google Chrome ships with “Pepper” Flash Player 11.3 with PPAPI support (instead of 11.2 on NPAPI used by Firefox et al.). PepperFlash doesn't seem to be affected by this problem since it appears to use full hardware acceleration.

PepperFlash can be used with Chromium, but unfortunately no other browser currently supports PPAPI.

Disable Flash Player's Hardware Acceleration

The easiest and the least intrusive fix is to disable Flash Player's HW acceleration in Display settings – right-click on Flash, select Settings…

This, however, is not that easy since the Settings window is unresponsive under composite manager (Compiz, standard Unity) and if the browser shows scrollbars.

To disable Hardware acceleration open any video (e.g. on YouTube) in fullscreen and then open the Settings… window. Or you can temporarily switch to Unity 2D or other non-composite WM.

The change takes effect after refresh.

The drawback: this disables HW acceleration in Flash Player even for vector and bitmap operations. Some Flash games and movies may have worse performance and/or worse graphics.

Uninstall libvdpau

If you want to have HW acceleration in Flash Player enabled, you may uninstall libvdpau from the system, which effectively prevents Flash Player from using VDPAU.

Run:

sudo apt-get remove libvdpau1

The drawback: Desktop players (like Totem and Mplayer) won't be able to use hardware video decoding too. This will lead to higher CPU usage during playback. Also, the video playback performance may be affected (e.g. dropped frames or completely frozen picture), especially if you have slower CPU and you're watching 1080p videos.

Enable Flash Player hardware video decoding

Most users have reported that this leads to very frequent crashes of Flash Player (probably due to concurrency issues in decoding) but if you're feeling lucky, give it a try.

This is also the same method used by Flash-Aid addon. It won't make it any better.

Run:

sudo mkdir /etc/adobe
echo -e "EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1" | sudo tee /etc/adobe/mms.cfg > /dev/null

This will create the /etc/adobe/mms.cfg file with EnableLinuxHWVideoDecode=1 content. This is the only way how to actually force Flash Player to decode video on GPU and it's not officially supported by Adobe.

To undo this, run:

sudo rm /etc/adobe/mms.cfg

to remove the mms.cfg file.

You can try to further improve Flash Player's stability with VDPAU_NVIDIA_NO_OVERLAY=1 environment variable, see Nvidia forums.

Replace Flash players

(As recommended by bowser on Launchpad)

Use FlashVideoReplacer Firefox add-on, Literna Mágica or other solution to replace standard players in Flash with embedded video player plugin (like Totem – totem-mozilla – or VLC – mozilla-plugin-vlc). No Flash Player, no problem.

Patch libvdpau (vdpau_trace hack)

There's an unofficial patch by Nvidia which fixes Flash Player's bug on libvdpau level by hacking vdpau_trace.

Note that the aforementioned patch by Stephen Warren is technically superior and should be used instead.

The non-workarounds

The following solutions will work only partially or they may have some caveats.

Enable HTML5 at YouTube

Enabling HTML5 player at http://www.youtube.com/html5 won't work with all videos; some YouTube videos are just not available for HTML5 players (for example due to the lack of ad support). However HTML5 video is awesome and you should use it anyway.

Downgrade to Flash Player 11.1

There are known vulnerabilities in FP 11.1 which are fixed in 11.2. If you want to risk it, you should know what you're getting into.

If you still want to downgrade, try Flash Player 10.3 which is still maintained – you can get it in Adobe's archive

Switch to different GPU

It seems that very few Nvidia GPUs are not affected, particularly Quadro 2000 and GeForce GT 430. Both have VDPAU feature set C, but otherwise most feature set C GPUs are affected too.
If you have any of the aforementioned GPUs, please tell us on Launchpad whether this bug affects you.

The issue is caused by the NVIDIA drivers. Ensure that you use the drivers shown as Recommended under System > Additional Drivers. That happened to me, and now I don't get the blue haze in my videos.


Update to 11.10 without touching the kernel? There is some method to upgrade my Ubuntu 11.04 without touching the kernel?, is that branch 3.x kernel gives me problems bluetooth makes my system freeze, and with the current kernel (2.6.38-13) is luxury all my hardware.

I write from the google translator because my English is poor

You can still upgrade to 11.10 or whatever one u want and install an old kernel image.
Old images can be found here. Just look for the version you are using then install it.

Note, you should download a total of 3 packages in each case.
Then from terminal run:

sudo dpkg -i *.deb

I don't think it is possible to update all the system without updating the Kernel because of the dependecies... but it this can help, The 3.x kernel series only appear in the Ubuntu 12.04 not in the 11.10.

Hope this helped ^_^


Not every feature supported in lubuntu interface I've been using LXDE for a month and newly I've realised that not every option included in LXDE interface.
for example, when I start ubuntu with default unity interface, everything is normal. but when I open with a lighter interface which is LXDE, for example, I can't find "startup windows" tool anywhere! or I could not find "shortcuts for keyboard" . or I could not find any "screen lock" options. I found something like a screensaver but it does not include everything I need.

So I must ask that is there anything I missed about downloading this lighter interface?
should I download more stuff to be able to use every general ubuntu software and tools?
if so, what are they?

Well LXDE is very lightweight, to add start-up applications you put a .desktop file in the ~/.config/autostart folder. See this non GUI section from this answer.

Advanced users may want to put a .desktop file in ~/.config/autostart to run applications after a user login. This may have following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=<Name of application as displayed>
Exec=<command to execute>
Icon=<full path to icon>
Comment=<optinal comments>
X-GNOME-Autostart-enabled=true

To set-up locking settings, you go to "Start" -> Preferences -> Light Locker.

And to add short cuts, you simply edit this file: /home/<user>/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml. I got that from this and this forum.

As lxde is an light weight Desktop edition, might all the feature is disabled by default to boost desktop performance, as i am not a user of lxde but you can look at this guide
to install complete lxde http://www.howtogeek.com/107368/how-to-install-the-lightweight-lxde-desktop-on-ubuntu/

And if you are want lock screen feauture on your desktop edition you can take this question - How can I lock screen on lxde


Ubuntu and Xubuntu blank grub, boots fine I had Ubuntu 14.04 (updated to 15.04) installed before and now have Xubuntu 14.04, both have the same issue. The grub menu is blank, as in there is no text, no sign that the grub is there aside from the 10 second timeout. In Ubuntu it was a purple screen that I got since the Ubuntu grub is pruple and now its black in Xubuntu. The os boots fine afterwards.

Macbook pro 8,1

Try disabling the timeout:

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

Look for a line labeled: GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT and make sure it is set to 0.

I used Boot-Repair and that fixes the issue with the blank grub screen. More information about it can be found on the ubuntu community wiki.


How to create live backup of hard drive. I am looking to have a backup copy of my hard drive incase of failure.  Ideally I would like this to backup nightly.  I want to be able to have 2 HD's installed in the system at the same time and boot off of either drive if the other failed.

I have seen some solutions with DD, but I am not sure that that is the best way to handle this, as I tried it, but then could never get the drive to boot.

Currently I am trying this:
How to upgrade my HDD and keep my ubuntu 11.10 instalation

But that doesn't run nightly.

I see this: How to replace my disk without having to rebuild my Ubuntu install? , but I tried this method only to get a drive that wouldn't boot.  I didn't know how to get it to boot.  Tried removing the original drive, but the "new" drive wouldn't boot after selecting it in the bios.

I am looking for a complete solution that backs up everything.  This server has important data to me that I backup regularly, but I need to have a pretty quick way of restoring incase of a complete failure.  Thanks in advance!

You should see this Comparison of backup tools

recommendations of backup tools and explanations

You could also take a drive image with clonezilla  http://clonezilla.org/

first time or once per month you can boot from a live distro and do: dd Source Target

then boot normally and setup a cron job every night to :

mount Target
rsync /var /boot /etc /usr /bin /sbin /lib* /root /opt and /home to Target

or everything exclude /sys /proc /dev /mnt /media /tmp

3. `umount` Target

if you want to keep versions of files instead of rsync use rdiff-backup


How to change naming scheme for network interfaces of an already installed Ubuntu 16.04? I want to change naming scheme for network interfaces for the classic one (eth0, eth1, etc). Is it possible to an already installed Ubuntu 16.04 machine?

It is possible, edit the following file with your favorite editor (vi for example)

vi /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules


How to install php 5.2 in Ubuntu 18.04 All the answers that I found are already outdated. I can not fix all dependencies by myself. Maybe someone has a guide on what to do to run php5.2?

this post:
How to install PHP 5.2.x on ubuntu 14.04?

tells you how to install it on 14.04 (which is called "build from source" which you can look it up by). Should alsso work on 18.04 I think (but didn't try)

Easier method is running a virtual machine with older Ubuntu version installed (I'm suggesting 12.04 where 5.2 was still around).

another aproach is to run everything insider docker container, like this one:
https://hub.docker.com/r/kuborgh/php-5.2/

but I'd follow other suggestions: your PHP is insecure and running anything production-like is going to eventually lead to a security breach and financial losses, even your boss should understand that and simply accept the upgrade process to PHP 5.6 at least.

I suggest to install 5.6 version, latest release of 5.x - should be better, secure and compatible with your code.

First install ppa:

$ sudo apt install python-software-properties
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ondrej/php

Update

$ sudo apt-get update

And install php-5.6:

$ sudo apt install php5.6

There are few packages, with name starting php5.6, install all what you need(cli, modules)

More detailed instructions can be found there: https://www.tecmint.com/install-different-php-versions-in-ubuntu/


Netbook performs hard shutdown without warning on low battery power My Asus EEE netbook performs a hard shutdown when it reaches low battery power, without giving any warning - i.e. the power just goes off, without any shutdown process.  I can't find anything in the syslog, and no error messages are printed before it happens.  I've had this problem on previous (K)Ubuntu versions, and hoped updating to Ubuntu Precise would help resolve the issue, but it hasn't.

The option in the Power application for "when power is critically low" is currently blank - the only options are a (grayed-out) hibernate and "Power off".

I have re-installed indicator-power to no effect. The time remaining reported by acpi  is unstable, as is the time remaining reported by gnome-power-statistics.  (For example,  running acpi twice in succession, I got 2h16min, and then 3h21min remaining.  These sorts of jumps in the remaining time are also in the gnome-power-statistics graphs.)

It might be possible to write a script to give me advance warning (as per @RanRag's comment below), but I would prefer to isolate why I don't get a critical battery notification from the system before this happens, so that I can take action as appropriate (suspend/shutdown/plug in power) when I get a notification.

Some additional information on the battery:

kroon@minia:~$ upower -i /org/freedesktop/UPower/devices/battery_BAT0
  native-path:          /sys/devices/LNXSYSTM:00/device:00/PNP0A08:00/PNP0C0A:00/power_supply/BAT0
  vendor:               ASUS
  model:                1005P
  power supply:         yes
  updated:              Fri Aug 17 07:31:23 2012 (9 seconds ago)
  has history:          yes
  has statistics:       yes
  battery
    present:             yes
    rechargeable:        yes
    state:               charging
    energy:              33.966 Wh
    energy-empty:        0 Wh
    energy-full:         34.9272 Wh
    energy-full-design:  47.52 Wh
    energy-rate:         3.7692 W
    voltage:             12.61 V
    time to full:        15.3 minutes
    percentage:          97.248%
    capacity:            73.5%
    technology:          lithium-ion
  History (charge):
    1345181483  97.248  charging
    1345181453  97.155  charging
    1345181423  97.062  charging
    1345181393  96.970  charging
  History (rate):
    1345181483  3.769   charging
    1345181453  3.899   charging
    1345181423  4.061   charging
    1345181393  4.201   charging

kroon@minia:~$ cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/state
present:                 yes
capacity state:          ok
charging state:          charging
present rate:            332 mA
remaining capacity:      3149 mAh
present voltage:         12612 mV
kroon@minia:~$ cat /proc/acpi/battery/BAT0/info
present:                 yes
design capacity:         4400 mAh
last full capacity:      3209 mAh
battery technology:      rechargeable
design voltage:          10800 mV
design capacity warning: 10 mAh
design capacity low:     5 mAh
cycle count:              0
capacity granularity 1:  44 mAh
capacity granularity 2:  44 mAh
model number:            1005P
serial number:
battery type:            LION
OEM info:                ASUS

When a battery reaches to the point of time to take critical action taking level , Ubuntu won't warn you about this, instead it just perform the action required (such as suspend, hibernate, shutdown etc, based on your choice). This is the setting and it can't be changed. But Ubuntu should give you a warning, when battery reach low level and critical level.

By default, Ubuntu uses time remaining as a trigger of it's pre-defined action.

You will be given a low battery warning, before 1200 seconds (20 minutes) to be empty.
You will be given a critical battery warning, when it reaches 300 seconds (5 minutes) remaining
Battery critical action is performed when only 120 seconds (2 minutes) remaining.

The power statistics from your output suggests a bad/damaged battery. In these cases, it is hard for Ubuntu to measure actual time remaining data. Also the battery drains quickly between from 300 seconds to 120 seconds, so just try to shut down the PC which is configured in the settings.

I suggest you to do this,

First change the policy of trigger from time to percentage.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power use-time-for-policy false

Then raise the percentage required to give you a warning, the default is 10%. Change it to 30%.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-low 30

Then raise the percentage required to be considered as critical to 20%, default is 3%.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-critical 20

Then raise the percentage required to take the critical action, it is now 2%. change it to 15%

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power percentage-action 15

Then change the critical action to be taken to hibernate, instead of shutdown. You need to first enable the hibernate option.

How to enable hibernation?

Then use this command to change it to hibernate.

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power critical-battery-action hibernate

I think, this should solve your problem. If you still have problems with level, raise the levels even higher.

It seems that it considers this a “critically low voltage”.

Rather than run until it just dies, At some voltage, your laptop decides to give up. To Take its remaining energy and gracefully shut down.

Click on the battery meter on taskbar & click more power option.
On your current power plan click change plan settings.
Click on Change Advance power Settings.
Scroll to botton and click the + sign of the battery, a list will appear at bottom.
Click on low battery level and change the following setting:
on battery to: 40 % (if ur system shut downs at 30% this will warn you battery low at 40%)

now click on Critical battery level and change the setting to 35%.

now click on critical battery action and change the setting to hibernate.

This will hibernate you system before the battery is over and prevent it from sudden shutdown. If possible set the battery %age to little more less as the sudden shutdowns differs everytime.

Charge to 100% then let it work until it dies then recharge. If same thing happens, buy a new battery


How can I tell if I am running Wayland? Wayland is the default display server for Ubuntu 17.10 "on supported systems". But how can I tell if my platform is supported and I'm actually using Wayland?

Open the terminal and type in:

echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE

I don't know if this answer generalizes, but I found that running xrandr will show different monitor names if running wayland vs. not:
xrandr --listmonitors
# On Ubuntu: 0: +*eDP-1 4384/344x2466/193+3840+0  eDP-1

# On Ubuntu-wayland: 0: +XWAYLAND0 1920/340x1080/190+0+0  XWAYLAND0


Network wireless adapter driver problem I have a problem with installing drivers for my wireless network adapter. When I try installing the drivers for my network adapter, everything goes fine until I have to make the driver after, every time that I try to make it always gives me Makefile Error 2. Anyone knows how to fix this?
I'm using Ubuntu Budgie and trying to install drivers for TP-Link archer t2uh.
After that I get this in terminal

make -C UTIL/ osutil
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/pleple66/Archer_T2UH_Linux/Driver/UTIL'
cp -f os/linux/Makefile.6.util /home/pleple66/Archer_T2UH_Linux/Driver/UTIL/os/linux/Makefile
make -C /lib/modules/5.4.0-21-generic/build SUBDIRS=/home/pleple66/Archer_T2UH_Linux/Driver/UTIL/os/linux modules
make[2]: Entering directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.4.0-21-generic'
arch/x86/Makefile:147: CONFIG_X86_X32 enabled but no binutils support
make[3]: *** No rule to make target 'arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.c', needed by 'arch/x86/tools/relocs_32.o'.  Stop.
make[2]: *** [arch/x86/Makefile:232: archscripts] Error 2
make[2]: Leaving directory '/usr/src/linux-headers-5.4.0-21-generic'
make[1]: *** [Makefile:528: osutil] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/pleple66/Archer_T2UH_Linux/Driver/UTIL'
make: *** [Makefile:3: all] Error 2

Your system lacks basic packages for compiling kernel modules.
The compilation instructions for the TP-Link archer t2uh are woefully incomplete in that respect.
Install at least the build-essential and kernel-headers packages as described here before trying again.

i386 headers required:
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-*(kernel version)*:i386

Example:
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-5.4.0-42:i386


Running terminal commands with a double click file I have a program that I have to run by going into the terminal and typing "./filename". I want make an executable file that types this automatically for me.

You need to create a .desktop file to start your filename. See How to Create a .desktop and The Gnome page.

Also read man desktop-file-validate;man desktop-file-install.


How to get KeePass to properly work with Chromium? The two-channel auto-type obfuscation feature of KeePass doesn't work for me with Chromium (on Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits). However, it works just fine with Firefox.

Dows anyone know how to fix this?

Textboxes in web forms in Chromium seems to have something special that causes this feature to fail. Only some of the username/password characters are being auto-typed.

This might be related to this: if I select an entry in KeePass and click "Copy User Name", I can paste it fine with Ctrl+V in any textbox in Firefox, but I can't on Chromium. However, text copied using Ctrl+C from a regular text file (say, from gedit), can be pasted fine on both browsers.

What may be wrong?

I wouldn't like to deactive this feature for all the entries in my keepass files as I use them on Windows too and they work just fine there (even on Google Chrome for Windows). This feature gives an appreciated extra security measure against spyware/keyloggers.

You must add {DELAY=50} at first of keystroke sequence and it will slow down typing rate of all text. This will make typing in Google Chrome or Chromium is correct.

I hope this can help you.

The keepass forum on sourceforge says this has been "fixed in Chrome 19" (still in beta?).

I think it's issue 32056.  I'm downloading an update now to see whether it fixes this problem.

Later: I'm not finding any version 19 of either Chromium or Chrome. I'm off down the rabbit hole to try to track down a binary.

The current beta for Google Chrome is "Version 21.0.1180.15 beta". This keepass issue is fixed in this version of Chrome. The Chromium beta download (64-bit Debian/Ubuntu) is the same file (same md5 sum).


Best way to connect to Webdav on Sharepoint with NTLM Authentication Ubuntu 12.10 I am currently trying to connect to a private Sharepoint workspace (on our intranet) using Webdav that uses NTLM using davfs2. However I am failing due to this bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/davfs2/+bug/1091183 (No NTLM support in davfs2).

Does anyone have any alternative suggestions for connecting - I would be as happy with a two-way syncing solution as with a FUSE solution.

I faced the same issue.

So I rebuilt the package from source. I struggled to find a way to rebuild davfs2 with libneon27 instead of libneon27-gnutls. This question is closed (I think incorrectly). So I had to figure it out (not very complicated anyway)

Install libneon with proper OpenSSL sudo apt-get install libneon27 libneon27-dev
Remove existing davfs2 if you already have it sudo apt-get remove davfs2
Download davfs2 from source. I used version 1.5.2
Untar the file you just downloaded (something like tar -xzvf davfs2-1.5.2.tar.gz will work)
Change to the directory and launch ./configure
Build with make
Install with sudo make install

Once you've built davfs with the proper binding, you can use davfs to mount a folder with something like (you may need to be root)

mount.davfs <url> <folder> -o ro

You'll be asked for credentials unless you configure your secret files. See more information at http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/dapper/man8/mount.davfs.8.html

I do this in Ubuntu using the Storage Made Easy Free Linux client. It connect to my SharePoint fine using NTLM. You'll need a Storage Made Easy Account. Their Linux tools are at: http://storagemadeeasy.com/LinuxDrive/

It functions as a FUSE Drive and also offers separate Sync Tools.


How do I change 'small' fonts? I like to use rather small fonts, DejaVu Sans 8 @ 86 DPI, this suits me perfectly, however some apps seem to use even smaller fonts for certain elements, such as the notify bubbles where the headline looks fine but the text below is even smaller, probably size 7, the same goes for Gwibber and Tomboy and Software Centre.

Here's a screenshot of what I mean:

So my question is, how do I change the size of these smaller fonts? I recently spent a week in Kubuntu and all fonts were configurable including 'small' fonts. How do I do this in Ubuntu?

PS: I know how to go into Appearance > Fonts. What I'm looking for is not there.

It's possible that these apps use a custom font size. As far as I know, your only option is to increase the font size configuration globally.

for kubuntu look under "system settings" -> "application appearance" -> "fonts" tab
for ubuntu right click on the desktop and select "change desktop background" -> "fonts" tab.


Ubuntu software center crashes every time I try to open SystemError: E:Encountered a section with no Package: header,

E:Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_i18n_Translation-en%5fIN
E:The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

This is the problem I encounter when I try to open ubuntu software center please help me out to fix it and make software center work as normal

Remove the file:

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_trusty_main_i18n_Translation-en%5fIN

and update the the package database again:

sudo apt-get update

You can also remove the entire folder: /var/lib/apt/lists

sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists
sudo apt-get update

Have you tried this enter from the terminal:

  sudo apt-get remove softwate-center
  sudo apt-get install software-center

and it might work fine this way.


How do I install and dual boot Windows 8 Pro alongside Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (installed first)? I have Ubuntu 16.04 LTS installed on my Acer E5-473G-399E machine with a non formatted 1 Terabyte HDD.

How do I install and dual boot Windows 8 Pro alongside Ubuntu 16.04LTS, (I already installed Ubuntu first)?

I have made the same mistake. I decided to stop making things harder and went with the Super Grub2 Disk boot disk/usb/cd.

I was dutifully ashamed of myself for not effectively solving in by the terminal but got over it. :)


How do I upgrade libraries in Ubuntu? I am using Ubuntu 14.04 as a virtual machine. During installation of a previously installed library in the terminal, I found I have 274 packages not upgraded.

How do I upgrade them?

Do I have to upgrade them one by one?

This will automatically update your package:

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude safe-upgrade
sudo aptitude full-upgrade


Adobe Flash not working in Firefox I am getting following image everytime I try playing videos on Youtube or FB. I have already tried uninstalling flashlugin and then installing again. But, it didnt help. I also tried installing it via Synaptics, but even that didnt help.

"Terminal Way" for people who's avoid plugins:

  Remove gnash and lightspark packages:

sudo apt-get --yes purge browser-plugin-lightspark
sudo apt-get --yes purge lightspark-common
sudo apt-get --yes purge browser-plugin-gnash
sudo apt-get --yes purge gnash-common

  Then download file flashplayer*_XX_YYYYYY.tar.gz from http://get.adobe.com/flashplayer to some tmp directory.

cd /home/USERNAME/tmp

  Unpack libflashplayer.so from archive, setting chmod, installing, hardlinking:

tar xvf *flash* libflashplayer.so
sudo chown root:root libflashplayer.so
sudo chmod 0644 libflashplayer.so
sudo mv libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/libflashplayer.so

  Remove unneeded archive

rm -f *flash*

Although it is only one method to tune your flash.
Fine tuning of lightspark or gnash also can be good choice.

Just install the Flash-Aid plugin. It will choose the flash version for your browser version. It worked for me even when adobe said that they will not support flash for FireFox anymore.
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/flash-aid/


Touchscreen and digitizer not working on Sony Vaio Duo 11 I have a Sony VAIO Duo 11 (SVD112...) which features both multi-touch and stylus input. However, booting up Ubuntu 12.10 gives me

no stylus reaction
touch input works very strange: when I touch with 1-3 fingers, usually nothing happens but sometimes there is some reaction
when I tap the screen with 4 fingers, the dash shows up, consistently

Where can I start to find out the underlying issue and how to fix it?

EDIT: On Ubuntu 12.04.1 the touchscreen isn't recognized at all.

EDIT2: On Fedora 18, the touchscreen works a little bit better. I have found out that the USB ID of the touchscreen is not contained in the hid-ntrig module, so that's probably why some of the quirks needed for it are not appplied.

I have filled a bug report about touchscreen. It is at  https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xserver-xorg-input-evdev/+bug/1121379 . Please press the "affects me too" button in order to increase the "heat" and make more people/developers notice it. I can help with more tests or trying fixes. So if you have to propose something to test (e.g. install a newer kernel or X version, apply some patch, tryout some config), please tell me.

have you tried to use the method in the link below it's the same N-trig digitizer so it should work
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1252492&page=128


How do I remove 'Places' entries from the Nautilus sidebar? I want to remove Videos and Music from the left side panel. But, I can't seem to find the option to do so. How do you do that?

Tested in Ubuntu 14.04

Those bookmarks are controlled by ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs and commenting out a lines configures the appearance of the list

As an example, to remove the Videos bookmark from the list change the line:

XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

to

#XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/Videos"

Note:
After login the file ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs gets reverted to the original set by /etc/xdg/user-dirs.defaults. To prevent that make the file "read-only" either by right clicking and then properties > permissions or using the command

chmod -w ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

If you need to edit the file again do the opposite via Nautilus or use the command

chmod +w ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs

If you want to apply this to all users in your system change the file vim /etc/xdg/user-dirs.conf and set the option enabled to False. You need root permissions or this.

try going on Bookmarks in window menu, bookmarks > modify bookmarks (translate from italian ubuntu) and the remove the one that you don't want

otherwise Ctrl + D to access the menu


How to remove a PPA from CLI? So you want to try an app that is in a PPA, so you add the PPA like so:

sudo add-apt-repository [some PPA]

Then you decided you don't like it or it's buggy or whatnot.
What is the command to remove one?

From the Terminal/CLI run:

sudo add-apt-repository --remove [some PPA]

Where some PPA is the repository that you wish to remove.

Don't forget to use sudo apt update after removing the PPA.

Please open up the Software and Updates menu and go to the Other Software tab. From there you can delete and add any PPA you like manually. You can also use Geany to quickly delete or drag and drop sources into your /etc/apt/sources.list  file.


I need a portable OS on USB that can save document changes to the USB I am trying to help a charity that has workers in Nepal.
They have received a bunch of old laptops with out hard drives.
Is it possible to create a USB with Ubuntu as a bootable operating system and have documents save to the USB?

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent

Google Search turned this up it appears the second part of your question
(document changes save-able)
is explained here

thanks for asking this because ive been wondering too!

Yes It is Possible but you need something bigger than a 8GB usb drive as ubuntu take 5GB at most with everything installed with it plus with some space so I would recommend something something above 16gb.


can Intel Atom N450 1.66 GHz run ubuntu Can my old laptop with a Intel Atom N450 1.66 GHz run ubuntu without that much lag? It only has 1gb of ram which i feel might be an issue

The real issue will be whether or not you are able to install AT ALL. If your laptop does not read DVDs and cannot boot from a flashdrive (which I suspect), then you’re stuck. If you can boot from a live DVD or flashdrive, then you’re in luck. The Ubuntu installer will allow you to try it out without installing. Run this option and goof around with it for a while. If it lags too much then you are best going with a lighter weight Linux version.


Wifi networks are not showing in Ubuntu 16.04 Very recently I have made up my mind to use Ubuntu. Firstly installed the 14.10 version and that didn't go well. On that particular version the wireless network option was not visible. I couldn't turn on the wireless connections. After that I re-installed the 16.04 version, in which the option is showing that wireless network is there but no network is showing up. Any suggestion how to solve this problem?

This helped solve the problem for me.

sudo systemctl restart network-manager

or

sudo service network-manager restart

I am still looking for a permanent solution, but this solves the issue till restart.

Update

Suffered from similar symptoms again. I had a stable 16.04 running smoothly for months and then suddenly yesterday the WiFi just stopped working. No networks would show on the nm applet. Tried quite a few suggestions (including my own) and none worked.

Finally realized that my last upgrade didn't go too well and had crashed in between. Removed the dkpg locks and ran sudo apt-get upgrade. A reboot later, all was back to normal.

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock
sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock
sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

Ubuntu network manager seems quite fragile!

Go to system setting->Network . where you find all the wireless or wifi avaiable there.


How can I order Gnome3 shell extensions at the top? The ordering of shell extension widgets appears to be random, how can I change it? I want to have the date/time information at the left for example.

My shell panel:

Common way:

To begin with you have to find the according file of the extension you want to change.
You can usually find it here: ~/.local/share/gnome-shell/extensions.
If the extension has been installed via package manager you can find it here: /usr/share/gnome-shell/extensions/(Thanks to A.B.)

Then go into the extension's directory and open "extension.js" with any text editor.

Go to the line with: function enable() (use the search function in your editor - if you can't find it go to the Update section further down).
Inside this function usually is a line Main.panel.addToStatusArea('NAME', _OTHERNAME, NUMBER, LEFT/CENTER/RIGHT); (Again: If you can't find it go to Update). It could happen that the last two parameters (NUMBER and POSITION) are missing; looks like this: Main.panel.addToStatusArea('NAME', _OTHERNAME);
(Don't worry! Your computer interprets the shorter version with: ('NAME', _OTHERNAME, 0, right); Feel free to add the missing parameters. But always in the shown order!!!)

The POSITION defines where on the panel the icon should be. There are three areas: left, center and right. You probably don't want to change this value but feel free to do so. Here are the three possible states for POSITION on the panel:

------------------------------------------------------------------
Activities                 Date                        Other icons
------------------------------------------------------------------
   left                   center                          right

The more important value you probably want to change is NUMBER. It defines the order of the icons inside the sub-panels. Possible values are:

0: I don't care where the icon is.
negative values: position; starting from the right side (could be important as all extension icons are loaded after the system icons)
positive values: position; starting from the left side. Higher values will be located further to the right side.

You have to play around with those values in all of your extensions because same values conflict with each other (two different extensions on position 2 doesn't make any sense). And sometimes even following values conflict.

Every time you change the value make sure to save the file. Then hit Alt+F2, type r and Enter. The panel will refresh with the newly ordered icons. This is a fast option to play around with those values.

Lastly a cite from Mathematical Coffee:

  Use Main.panel.addToStatusArea(unique_name_of_indicator, inidicator, position, box) to add a SystemStatusButton or PanelButton to the panel. This handles adding its menu to the menu manager for you (box is Main.panel._{left, right, center}Box, omitting the box argument gives right box by default, and ommitting position gives position 0). If your button is a ButtonBox only (i.e. no menu) then stick with. _{left, right, center}Box.insert_child_at_index.

Please let me know if you had any problems with this approach.

Update:

I have looked around and I recognised that this way doesn't work for all extensions (mostly just for simple/new extensions). A frequently used extension in this case is "system monitor". The way of modifying the icons position should be (generally) the same (I haven't tested it. So make sure to create a backup file). But there are some differences for "system monitor":

The function you have to search is called var enable = function (). So it might be better to search for the word enable in the file.
The place where the position of the icons is defined is called Main.panel._addToPanelBox('system-monitor', tray, 1, panel);. Changing the number should have the same effect as desribed above. In order to change the whole area you have two options:

By changing the very same line to Main.panel._addToPanelBox('system-monitor', tray, 1, Main.panel._rightBox);(Note: The position in the settings menu of the extension won't work any more).
Or by changing the line let panel = Main.panel._rightBox; (again use the search function) to your desired position (_leftBox, _centerBox, _rightBox).

 (These steps can be applied to any other extension. But there will be slightly different names. But still: The common way was described in my firt attempt for this answer)

The whole procedure in a nutshell:

Search for the according file. Then search for enable inside this file. Then search for anything like Main.panel... and change the values (quite self-explaining).

And finally I noticed that you mentioned the time panel. I found no good way to modify its position but here is something else:

You have "system monitor" installed. That's good :)
Open the according extension.js and change the word "right" to "left" in those two lines:
Main.panel._addToPanelBox('dateMenu', dateMenu, -1, Main.panel._rightBox); and Main.panel._rightBox.insert_child_at_index(dateMenu.actor, -1);.
Finally you have to check "move clock" in the settings of this extension. There you go! I haven't tested it but it should work. If not, write a comment :)

Ahh! Forgot to mention: Every time you change on of the values save the file and refresh the panel with Alt+F2 - type r - hit Enter. And make sure to create backup files!!! :D

There's also an easier way of just opening gnome-tweak-tool, browsing to the Extensions tab, then turning extensions off and on again. Doing this moves the icons to the left.


How to restore the default toolbox windows in GIMP? I have recently installed GIMP 2.8.6 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 64-bit and for the first time when I opened it, two windows along with the main window were available, but now I can only see a single main window. How can I bring those default windows back?

Since you recently installed GIMP and closed the Toolbox window, I would suggest to reset your window preferences because it would also restore the dockable dialogs and the Layers windows which is extremly handy when working with GIMP.

Navigate through Edit menu → Preferences → Window Management → and click the button for Reset Saved Window Positions to Default Values. Then click Ok to close the Preferences dialog and restart GIMP.

I would also suggest to enable the single-window mode so that all these windows would be docked inside the GIMP's main window and ease the workflow when working with it. Enable it through Windows menu → Single-Window Mode.

I have also had the tools disappear, especially when working with email attachments other docs.  A stray press of the Tab key makes the tools disappear/re-appear.


How do you add Debian experimental repo to Ubuntu, for those understanding the risks associated? This question was asked previously, however the answers in this question are intent to tell why that is a poor idea.

How to add Debian experimental repo to Ubuntu?

No actual answer is actually provided, due to the actual issue at hand being tangential. So for the daring, how do you add Debian experimental repo to Ubuntu?

Thanks.

Sorry for this long answer, but the previous answers are all erroneous in one way or another, so I hope this attempt to be a bit of help to everyone.

Besides "experimental", Debian has several streams of packages that it calls "distribution". And every such distribution has its very own name. The current stable distribution was just released and is called "buster". Before that, now referred to as "oldstable" was "stretch", before that was oldoldstable "jessie". The 5/2013 released "wheezy" still sees another year of long-term support (https://wiki.debian.org/LTS). The one that is under current development is always called "testing", and it also always has a name that testing will be known to at the time it is released, this is "bullseye" now. There is also a distribution to which developers upload new packages, which is "unstable" and runs under the permanent name "sid". Packages uploaded to sid are auto-transferred to testing if there was no critical bug assigned to it during the first days (the uploader says how many days) of presence in unstable. For non-critical machines it is perfectly fine to run testing or unstable. The "unstable" refers to packages changing a lot, not to "software that crashes".

Experimental is kind of special in that

it only has the name "experimental", no assignment to a toy story
character
it has a dual use as an ever lasting repository for
packages that are not considered ready for the general public to use and
as a temporary store for packages while the release is finalised and new uploads are put on hold ("freeze").
packages are auto-removed from experimental when newer versions of a software appear on unstable

Debian developers typically expect users of testing or unstable to be the ones that install packages from experimental. Users of stable are likely to need updates to libraries. A recent version of Ubuntu should be fine with installing Debian packages from experimental directly, you would indeed just add

 deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free

to your /etc/apt/sources.list but this is not what I tend to recommend. It depends a bit on the number of packages that are dragged in by the update and the dependencies on specific versions of libraries. If it is too many that apt-get suggests to install, then stop the installation if you fear a negative effect on your other binaries.

Instead, I suggest that you compile the software yourself. You may add

 deb-src http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ experimental main contrib non-free

to sources.list (instead or in addition to the prior mentioned line describing a source for binary packages) and after apt-get update do

 apt-get build-dep wantedpackagename # installs build dependencies
 apt-get source --compile wantedpackagename # fetches source and builds

If the right version is downloaded you see at the time of the download. For binaries, have not tried with apt-get source, to retrieve from the experimental section you may also from Ubuntu need to specify "-t experimental" as additional flags to apt-get install. With apt-cache show wantedpackagename you see all versions of the package available to the system.

When building from source, there is absolutely no risk at all to damange your system since you leave all libraries at the version that your regular distribution already offers. There should hence be no side-effects. If the build fails, then it may already fail because the build dependencies could not be matched upfront. With build dependencies matched, a failed build you may decide to report to the package maintainer to improve his build instructions and possibly continue working on the package together. It is common for a package maintainer to be very happy about constructive feedback, so do not be shy.

open /etc/apt/source.list and add the line:

Deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/  Sid main contrib

note: change the mirror to the one for your country if not in the United States for faster download times.

Caution:  experimental packages can be very unstable. mixing debian tweaks with ubuntu tweaks makes this even more prominant


Sharing another folder over LAN using NFS Mount between two ubuntu machines so that one can be source (client) and other can destination (server) Basically I got two ubuntu machines on network.
One is at ip 10.0.0.6
and other at 10.0.0.1

Two copy the files I have to use scp source/file/path user@destination-ip and another problem of using scp is that I have to add ssh key to destination authorized keys.

This seems to be too complicated and I would like an easier method where I can just do

cp file/path some/other/path

To achieve this some/other/path should be a symbolic link from what I know.

I also don't have any problem if the destination-ip can be mounted on a path so that I can simply do

cp file/path 10.0.0.6/some/path

Basically I want to access the shared directory normally with normal cp or any normal command which can be used on local directories too, like ls,etc. And I want this because I have a application running in one ubuntu machine which creates log, and I have another application in another server which creates log, but I want the log to be created in one server only. In that application I have to give the log path, so I can give only a normal file path.

Just like windows you can share a folder over the LAN.

Also I want a solution which uses command line only strictly, because I have seen solutions at askubuntu.com with UI but my machines are on network and I can only ssh to them using command line.

I found NFS Mount system which is what I am looking for.

When I install NFS i get error:

Unable to locate package nfs-utils

As covered in comments; you have multiple options which are not mutually exclusive.

SaMBa - small|server message block; an old IBM protocol dictated to be used for IBM PC Lan Manager coded by microsoft (thus its still used today by windoze, with a new name CIFS (common internet file system)).

NFS - network file system. It's a unix/*nix file system, is faster & has many advantages over SaMBa but isn't available by default for windoze workstations without additional software.

You needn't restrict yourself to one (or in fact just these two!); ie. I use NFS for all real work (read/writes), but also allow read-only access to some folders via SAMBA so simple media players can access mp3's etc.

For clients (machines using the data) the package nfs-common is required, for the servers you'll need the package nfs-kernel-server; or both if boxes want to act in serving & client modes.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SettingUpNFSHowTo

This appears to be the same question. Perhaps try the solution listed here. I have summarized it below for convenience.

Mount remote directory using SSH

Setup:

sudo apt-get install sshfs
sudo modprobe fuse
sudo adduser $USER fuse
sudo chown root:fuse /dev/fuse
sudo chmod +x /dev/fusermount
mkdir /desired/local/directory/path

Using:

sshfs dest-user@dest-ip:/desired/destination/directory/path /desired/local/directory/path


How do I view all available HDD's/partitions? I found a 6 GB IDE HDD in my basement. I want to plug it in and see what might be on it. The drive seems to be recognized in BIOS.

I can't find it in Ubuntu to view files, and Ubuntu is the only OS on that particular computer. I was wondering if Ubuntu has an equivalent to the Windows feature "My Computer", which lists all available drives/storage devices. Typically, My Computer shows C:, which can be opened to view all of your directories and files. At this point, it is very similar to Ubuntu's Home Folder.

How to view/select all available partitions of that drive or all available HDD's without formatting or tampering with the contents in any way?

There are many ways but my favorite is lsblk. Here is a demonstration:

sudo lsblk -o NAME,FSTYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT,LABEL

That would show the following:

NAME   FSTYPE   SIZE MOUNTPOINT LABEL
sda           111.8G
├─sda1 swap     121M [SWAP]
└─sda2 ext4   111.7G /
sdb             2.7T
└─sdb1 ext4     2.7T            xtreme
sdc             3.7T
└─sdc1 ext4     3.7T            titan

It is showing:

The name of the drive and the partitions it has.
The type of file system.
The size the whole drive has and the size each partition has.
The mount point and if available, the label for them.

You can play around with the options by first looking at the ones available with lsblk --help. I like lsblk because of the friendly way of showing the information if compared for example with fdisk or parted.

Simply install gparted:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install gparted

This can perform all actions graphically.


Samba: File location where share entries are stored? Does anyone know the file in which the entries for the samba shares are stored?
For instance the drives or folders I am sharing.

If not defined in /etc/samba/smb.conf try folder /var/lib/samba/usershares/ and you will find files for each share you setup via GUI. (Ubuntu 17.10)

Try in /etc/samba/smb.conf as per https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Samba/SambaServerGuide


"Install VMware Tools" greyed out after installing ubuntu 15.04 on vmware player 7.1 "Install VMware Tools" greyed out after installing Ubuntu 15.04 on VMware Player 7.1. I tried checking "No proxy" instead of default "Windows proxy settings" at "File->Preferences->Software updates-> Connection Settings". This did not work either. Is there a way to install VMware Tools?

I had the same issue.  Like the answer posted before, I had to shutdown the machine and change both the floppy drive and cd drives to "Auto detect" and then power on the machine.

What you have to do is simple,

just start a Guest Machine(your VM)
then you will see that the VM -> Install VMware Tools ... option
is enabled.
Simple clue - when you starting the Guest Machine you see  this dialog
box (if you have not checked it out earlier) after clicking OK,   VM -> Install VMware Tools ... option
is enabled.

You do not need to change anything other than starting a Guest Machine.(No need to change proxy settings in VMware or unmount an image mounted on your guest machine CD/DVD ROM)


Adobe flash player not working with Amazon Prime I have ubuntu 12.04 64bit using Google Chrome. I had chromium from the app center then today amazon prime video stopped working. It told me to update Flash. So I uninstalled chromium and installed Google Chrome. Didn't work. Then I downloaded flash for ubuntu via apt. That one gave me a "flash version isn't supported" message.
The flash version was 11.

Now I tried http://apt.ubuntu.com/p/flashplugin-installer

It worked, but right in the middle of the video, it popped the error message again.

Sorry we are unable to stream this video. This is likely because your Flash Player needs to be updated.

So I don't know what happened.

I had this same problem on Ubuntu 12.04 using Chromium.  I fixed it my following the instructions on the adobe help page for installing Hardware Abstraction Layer module:

Prerequisites for protected content playback

For Ubuntu 10.04 or later, ensure that the Hardware Abstraction Layer module is first installed using apt-get.
(Watch carefully for “hal” install errors, as a damaged package install can continue to affect video playback.)

sudo apt-get install hal

After the "libhal" (HAL) library install completes, close the browser and clear the Adobe Access directories by executing the following shell commands:

cd ~/.adobe/Flash_Player
rm -rf NativeCache AssetCache APSPrivateData2

Note:
If the Hardware Abstraction Layer module is missing, Flash Player still functions. However, it cannot play protected content that requires the Adobe Flash Access DRM (Digital Rights Management) module.

Go to your Google chrome Add-on and search for adobe flash for Google chrome and install the right one for your browser. I think it has something to do with your browser. Have you tried it in other browser like Firefox?


Software to automatically remove background from images? Are there any Ubuntu alternatives to photoscissors, which makes it easy to remove the background of an image?

I'm currently using GIMP in different ways to do the same but for some images it takes a long time.

The imagemagick package includes a convert command.

Example commands:

convert image1.jpg -fuzz 20%% -transparent White image2.png
convert image1.png -threshold 10%% image2.png

Both are simple versions of removing a background and might make all other none-background white in the image transparent (the fuzzy/threshold options can adjust that).

But Imagemagick has examples on removing backgrounds using masks.

What works best depends on the original. JPG tend to be fuzzy (what looks like the same color often are slightly different colors) so they will have mixed results.

It depends on what part of the image you want to keep. It's tricky with photographs of landscape/objects etc. with many things in the background and is much easier with text.

Apart from what others have mentioned another method for simple removal of background is to import the image into Inkscape and use the trace bitmap map tool.

Fiddle around with the settings and so on and you should be able to get the part of the image you want without the background.  In fact, you should check the remove background option


Installing lubuntu 14.04 alternate with wubi I have an old laptop with 256 MB RAM with windows XP. It doesn't have a working cd/dvd rom and the BIOS does not allow to boot from usb. Is there a way to install lubuntu 14.04(alternate version) through wubi on this system.? Or any method that might work even if I don't need dual-boot?

You can try to download it to your machine, and run from windows as D:\wubi.exe
EDIT:
You can't install Wubi from an alternate ISO. For 12.04.2, if you want to install from a 32bit desktop ISO, you can save it in the same folder as wubi.exe before running (both available from http://releases.ubuntu.com/12.04
This wubi.exe can also install standalone (no ISO).

To install from the 64bit desktop ISO (not alternate), there is a bug which has been patched, but not released so you'll need to use the wubi.exe from here: http://people.canonical.com/~evand/w...273-signed.exe  Save that in the same folder as the desktop-amd64 ISO before running. link

Some computers such as my old Dell 1000 recognize a flash drive as another hard drive so with a flash drive inserted check the BIOS and see if it is listed under hard drives.  If it is you may be able to boot from a flash drive just move it to the top of the list under hard drives.
Now of course you will have to prepare the flash drive to make it bootable.
You may be able to install Lubuntu with only 256 Mbs of Ram, but you might not be able to do a lot with it.  My Dell had 256 Mbs of RAM so I got another 256 Mb chip and it runs fine.


Configure IP updater for OpenDNS I would like to configure an IP updater for OpenDNS.

What packages I need to install?
What configuration is necessary?

I'm not asking about how to include the OpenDNS servers in my /etc/resolv.conf.

The normal way to set it up at home is to just configure your router to use it. How to do this varies by model, but the basic support page for OpenDNS is here, it's a good starting point.

If you still want to just configure your Ubuntu machine to use OpenDNS, their how-to is here.

Good luck.

This is a seven year old question is no longer relevant. OpenDNS does not need an updater in Windows or Linux.

To simplify, add the OpenDNS Primary and secondary IP addresses in the router. One spec covers either Ethernet or WiFi. If this cannot be done in the router, as in my case because the ISP's own DNS and they are not replaceable, then place them in the network configuration.

Depending on one's connection, they are found in on either the IPv4 or IPv6 Settings tab under additional DNS servers as: 208.67.222.222, 208.67.222.220. In this case they have to be specified for each connection type. Test it with the following OpenDNS website: https://welcome.opendns.com/


Wired or Wireless cant connect to İnternet with Acer aspire 5750G I have problem with connection to Internet. I'm using W8 and it works properly but, when ı turn on Ubuntu I'm pushing Fn+F3(enabled-disabled) it says nothing. There are lots of İnternet connections via wifi. Nothing can see my computer when I'm in ubuntu. Is there something wrong with drivers. How can I solve it?

Its possible that Windows-8 on exit/power-off disables a soft-key that prevents WiFi. Then , under Ubuntu, you are unable to access that soft-key toggle.

It is sometimes in BIOS, but may be more under OS control.

Needs more detail, to better answer.


How do i dual boot windows 10? (With ubuntu first) I am a complete idiot when it comes to computers. I don't know much about them and i have no idea how to set a dual boot with windows 10 and ubuntu up. Could anyone give me a step to step guide? I already have the windows 10 iso file from microsoft downloaded.

Manually create a separate partition for windows to install to, and then just insert the disc with burned iso and somewhere during installation, choose to install windows to that partition. This is the only way that worked for me, if I remember right.
By the way, have you bought the license?

You should create separate NTFS drive for dual booting if your windows is installed in C: Drive. Doing this is pretty easy. Use the diskmgmt.msc to shrink a volume and then create new drive for Ubuntu. Burn the Ubuntu ISO on USB drive using programs such as Universal USB installer.
Once done, allow your BIOS setting to boot from USB. During boot from USB, choose the option to install the Ubuntu and the graphical guide will be presented. On partition screen choose your NTFS drive you created.

There are lots of tutorials available here, here, here and here.


VM Player 12.5.7 does not accept gcc 7.2 on Ubuntu 14.04 Hello my dear Linux users,

I run Ubuntu 14.04 and I have gcc-7 installed using the Toolchain test builds.

When I start VM Player 12.5.7 build-5813279 it is asking for gcc 7.2. I point it to /usr/bin/gcc-7 but it says that this gcc version is not compatible.

Any ideas on how to make this work?

I solved via the  :

cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source
tar -xf vmnet.tar
cd vmnet-only
make
cd ..
tar -xf vmmon.tar
cd vmmon-only
make
cd ..
cp vmmon.o /lib/modules/`uname -r`/misc/vmmon.ko
cp vmnet.o /lib/modules/`uname -r`/misc/vmnet.ko
depmod -a
/etc/init.d/vmware restart

One may need to use sudo before each command above.

While running make during the above command execution, if there is an error, search the error in vmware community for a patch. For example i solved one issue using the following patch :

diff -Naur vmnet-only.orig/bridge.c vmnet-only/bridge.c
--- vmnet-only/bridge.c 2017-06-26 22:08:39.148034785 +1000
+++ vmnet-only/bridge.c 2017-07-16 11:37:01.325802125 +1000
@@ -636,7 +636,7 @@
         unsigned long flags;
         int i;
-        atomic_inc(&clone->users);
+        clone = skb_get(clone);
         clone->dev = dev;
         clone->protocol = eth_type_trans(clone, dev);

If you have the version.h file missing in your vmware log, try below code:

cd /usr/src/kernels/$(uname -r)/include/linux/
ln -s /usr/include/linux/version.h version.h

Note: I got all the above information from the Internet
Now i can launch VMWare player

In my experience with this, you should click the "OK" button on the pop up. The VMware Kernel Module Updater should come up again. Just point it to your gcc-7 again. It should compile. If that still fails you will need to have to install gcc-7.2. This will be from the Toolchain test builds.
Use these commands:

sudo apt-get update -y && \
sudo apt-get upgrade -y && \
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y && \
sudo apt-get install build-essential software-properties-common -y && \
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-toolchain-r/test -y && \
sudo apt-get update -y && \
sudo apt-get install gcc-7 g++-7 -y && \

This part must be done:

sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-7 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-7 && \

Now:

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc

NOTE:

This works on Debian as well but instead of adding the Ubuntu repo you can add:

deb http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian testing main contrib non-free

to the end of:

/etc/apt/sources.list

Now try the VMware Kernel Module Updater again. You may just see gcc-7 only. Just point there; it will be gcc-7.2. If the incompatible warning comes up, do as I stated above.

Hope this helps,


Why can any user read the content in my home directory? Why is it that the default setting makes it possible for user A to look in the home of user B and vice versa?

And furthermore... That user can not only look into the home of another user, he can also open any document he wants to.

It feels very insecure to me. There should be more privacy for users. I know how to prevent this situation, but it puzzles me why this should be possible in the first place.

As said Ubuntu by default leaves the home from each user open for others to peak inside, its a way of facilitating access and file sharing between user accounts.

Of course each directory / file can have it's permissions changed by the user so that the files become more private. For that you can use the command chmod, read the manual pages by typing man chmod in a terminal

Also, if privacy is an issue you can during installation or a new user creation, select to encrypt the user's home. That will make the home directory of that user inaccessible to other users even if the user is currently logged in to the system (default behaviour).

You can still encrypt your home folder if you did not. For that you need the ecryptfs-utils package installed

sudo apt-get install ecryptfs-utils

Log out and log in with the guest user account (or create a temporary account for the effect), open a terminal and type:

sudo ecryptfs-migrate-home -u <username>

Where <username> is the username of the user you want to encrypt the home folder.

To solve this do one thing change the permissions of your home directory /files to X00 where 00will make them inaccessible to others in your group and to any other user

chmod 0X00 home directory/file_name


Ubuntu installed alongside an infected Windows system My antivirus scan has found something on Windows 7.  No information yet what it is. However I was thinking of installing Ubuntu alongside Windows. Could that be dangerous in terms of Ubuntu catching anything malicious on the Windows system?

The safest option would be to install Ubuntu on a different partition, but according to this post it seems safe. Here I quote it:

Wubi will not be affected by Windows viruses. Wubi is almost identical to the standard Ubuntu installation, except for the fact that everything is inside a file on the Windows partition. Therefore it cannot run windows executables (including viruses). The only way you can get a virus from Wubi is if you download something containing a virus, transfer the file to Windows, boot Windows, and then run the virus from Windows.

Also see this thread

EDIT
Also if you want to run any programs in wine from your infected Windows installation, especially as root, you may open your system to infection. Also, the safest option is to format everything and then install Ubuntu - ObsessiveFOSS

How to do dyaual boot:

backup existing linux( /home/<username> not forgetting dot files ) and any Windows files
nuke( re-partition the whole disk(s) )
install Windows( it creates a bunch of partitions, this can be avoided by pre-partitioning the whole disk to a single NTFS partitionstrong text )
Via a live Ubuntu USB, use gparted to shrink the partition and create a linux partition structure, then check Windows still works
Install Ubuntu
update-grub to detect Windows's bootloader

Is it dangerous:
If you don't log into your OS, the only evils that can harm you are ones outside it. To mind come rootkits. Nothing is ever perfectly secure.


How do I detect and remove Python packages installed via pip? I have accidently installed Python packages to my system using pip instead of apt-get. I did this in two ways:

using an older version of virtualenv, I forgot to append --no-site-packages when creating the virtualenv - after that when I called pip install, the Python packages where installed to the system rather than the virtualenv
in a correctly setup virtualenv, I typed sudo pip install somepackage - the sudo installed to the system rather than the virtualenv

I happened to notice this because I typed pip freeze outside a virtualenv, and spotted some Python packages listed that shouldn't be there. So now my question is:

how do I identify all Python packages that have been erroneously installed on the system (that is, Python packages that appear in the pip freeze list, but were not installed with apt-get)?
how do I remove them?

Ubuntu Oneiric (and I expect newer versions too) install pip packages to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages, and apt packages to /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages. So just check the former directory and sudo pip uninstall every package you find there.

This has something to do with Homebrew. I had no issues with pyodbc on my Mac Air until I installed Homebrew and used it for a few things. I found this thread on github that ends in a solution that worked for me.

"If you have Homebrew, just install the ODBC headers:

$ brew install unixodbc

and run "pip install pyodbc" again."

This 100% solved the problem for me and only took a moment. Give it a shot.


Sip-client which has command-line interface Is there any SIP-client for Ubuntu which has command-line interface? So, for example, I can make calls without using any GUI, just sending commands to the application.

There are lot of sip clients which support command-line.

Pjsua is a sip client. check this for features of pjsua

You can download pjsua from here

you can do this with skype.  see:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24480465/what-is-the-correct-com-skype-usage-with-linux

try:

skype --callto echo123


Unity Dash Graphical Glitches in Ubuntu 13.04 with ATI Graphics I have a very noticeable transparent glitch in the Unity Dash. It does no transparency at all and instead shows a green to red color transition with black checkered boxes. This is an entirely different visual glitch than the one that affects Intel Graphics Cards. This glitch only happens when I open the dash or the Shutdown dialogs. When the dash is not open, The unity left bar displays as it should with no glitch.

The computer that has this glitch is a 2008 Toshiba Satellite L355D-S7825 Laptop. The graphics card is a ATI Radeon X1250. This computer also has had very bad graphics performance on Unity ever since Ubuntu 11.10, showing very choppy transitions and animations. I dual boot it with Windows Vista.

I had the same problem but I got it fixed by disabling Unity Panel transparency from "Panel" tab and Background Blur from "Search" tab with Unity Tweak Tool.

I have a Toshiba Satellite A210-MS5, with a X1200 ATI Radeon, and solved the same problem just by disabling "Background Blur" in the "Search" tab with Unity Tweak Tool.
-releve1403


No wireless networks found in wicd I have a laptop ThinkPad Edge E430, with Xubuntu 12.04.4 LTS installed on it. I'm using wicd to manage my networks. My wired network works just fine, but I can't detect any wireless network ("no wireless networks found") although I've checked that there were several wireless networks available nearby (I have a dualboot with windows).

I've reinstalled the wicd, just for case:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall wicd

I've tried this great AskUbuntu troubleshooting answer [My WiFi adapter is not working at all, how to troubleshoot?]:

I've installed all updates. I've checked my network with lshw:

sudo lshw -C network

*-network
   description:   Wireless interface
   product:       BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter
   vendor:        Broadcom Corporation
   physical id:   0
   bus info:      pci@0000:03:00.0
   logical name:  eth2
   version:       01
   serial:        08:3e:8e:a2:91:9f
   width:         64 bits
   clock:         33MHz
   capabilities:  pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
   configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.20.155.1 (r326264)
                  latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg
   resources:     irq:17 memory:f2d00000-f2d03fff

I ran rfkill for possible software and hardware switches:

rfkill list

0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth
   Soft blocked: no
   Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
   Soft blocked: no
   Hard blocked: no
2: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
   Soft blocked: no
   Hard blocked: no

I figured out that I have "hardware requiring special care" as mentioned at the bottom of the post so I followed attached link [Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers].

My wireless card is:

lspci -nn -d 14e4:

Broadcom Corporation BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:4727] (rev 01)

So the table suggested me to install bcmwl since my kernel version is 3.2.0-67-generic.

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

bcmwl-kernel-source is already the newest version.

I've rebooted my PC.

And now I'm stuck.
Can you help me solve the wireless network issue or at least locate the problem? Is it driver issue? Is it wicd issue? Is it bfu user issue?

That's probably because the wireless interface hasn't been recognized.

Go to Wicd Network Manager (if you can't find it type Wicd in Application Launcher) > Preferences (arrow right top corner) > General Settings tab.

On Wireless Interface write the name of your interface (usually wlan0 but it can be something else. To find out what it is, run iwconfig in terminal).

Reboot.
Rescan, NOT from Wicd Network Manager, but from System Tray (righ click on icon).
Wait.

If your wireless interface still hasn't been recognized perhaps it's just switched off. If you have a laptop check if there isn't a physical button to turn it on.

If the answer was useful, click the up arrow "^"

Just to be sure, try to uninstall Network Manager with sudo apt-get purge nm-applet


How to install nethack-qt in Ubuntu 12.10? Looks like this package should be available, but sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nethack-qt just reports that

  Package nethack-qt is not available, but is referred to by another package.

What gives?

Ubuntu Software Center reports that

  No items match "nethack-qt"

In software sources I've enabled everything in the Ubuntu Software tab and "Canonical Partners" in the Other Software tab. Do I need to enable some other source to get it?

I'm running Ubuntu 12.10 64 bit.

Turns out /etc/apt/sources.list was still referring to precise when it should be referring to quantal. Dunno how that happened, but copying /etc/apt/sources.list from another machine did the trick.

Install it in software center? It's there. I searched for it in here, so it should be avalible.

Hope this helps!


Is there any Graphical Control Panel available for apache2 and MySQL to start and stop them? I dont like command line. Is there a Graphical Control Panel to start/stop apache2 ? and MySQL ?

LAMP Quicklist

1.Open a new file:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/lamp.desktop

2. Copy the text below

[Desktop Entry]
Name=LAMP
GenericName=LAMP
X-GNOME-FullName=LAMP
Comment=Open services of your LAMP server
Exec=gksu service apache2 start && gksu service mysql start
Icon=emblem-web
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=true

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=Start;Stop;Restart

[Start Shortcut Group]
Name=Start
Exec=gksu service apache2 start && gksu service mysql start
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Stop Shortcut Group]
Name=Stop
Exec=gksu service apache2 stop && gksu service mysql stop
TargetEnvironment=Unity

[Restart Shortcut Group]
Name=Restart
Exec=gksu service apache2 restart && gksu service mysql restart
TargetEnvironment=Unity

3.Drag and Drop onto the launcher by navigating to ~/.local/share/applications/ in Nautilus. [or you can simply drag drop by searching LAMP in the dash]

This is more of a remote control panel but it might work for your needs. It currently only states that it supports CentOS, Red Hat, and Fedora.

http://www.oakwoodsystems.net/uncategorized/restarting-linux-services-remote-manager/


Ubuntu Touch change scope "today" Does anyone knows how to change the content of scope today?
The news displayed there are totally unusable for me. I'm from germany and really not interested in news from El Pais or Cinco Dias.
Is there a way to add different content? Maybe somewhere in the configs?
Would be fine to make my M10 tablet more usable...

Cheers, Frank

Assuming the today scope in M10 does not differ from the today scope on other devices, there is few customization possible. Clicking on the settings menu in the upper right (in between the star and the magnifying glass) you can choose some content. As for German news I have though only DIE WELT available (using the aquaris E4.5).

You get access to more configuration by pulling up from the bottom middle in the scopes. Easy to miss, unsure if it'll solve your issue though.


How do I add multiple machines with the same configuration to ~/.ssh/config? say, my ~/.ssh/config has some line:

Host machine1
      User user
      HostName machine1
      ProxyCommand  ssh server nc %h %p 2> /dev/null

and this works properly, but the problem is that I have lot of machines: machine1, machine2, machine3, ... so how can I set all of them without manually copy same kind of lines

You can do that this way:

Host machine1 machine2 machine3
      User user
      ProxyCommand ssh server nc %h %p 2>/dev/null

You just need to list the hosts in the Host line, separated by whitespace, and you can omit HostName if it's not different from the name you gave in the Host line. See Multiple similar entries in ssh config · U&L.

To simplify it even more there are the wildcards * and ? available with their usual meaning, so Host machine? would be evenly possible for your example.

Host machine*
      User user
      ProxyCommand  ssh server nc %h %p 2> /dev/null

yes, the Hostname is redundant.


Touchpad has stopped working in 16.04 I have a thinkpad t460. This morning when I was using the touchpad it was working fine, I closed the lid, came back an hour later and the touchpad has stopped working.

I have tried restarting, trying a different kernel version but still the same problem.

Not entirely sure where to start on fixing this

It may be relevant to know that the red nipple thing in the middle works, which is how I am managing to navigate this site right now.

I also booted into Windows where the touchpad worked fine.

 xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ TPPS/2 IBM TrackPoint                     id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Integrated Camera                         id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ ThinkPad Extra Buttons                    id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]

 synclient
Couldn't find synaptics properties. No synaptics driver loaded?

sudo modprobe -rv psmouse && sudo modprobe -v psmouse
rmmod psmouse
insmod /lib/modules/4.4.0-28-generic/kernel/drivers/input/mouse/psmouse.ko

Anyone still experiencing this problem can try updating their kernel to the latest version, I tried everything else and that was the solution for me. Just use the commands

sudo apt-get install linux-image-4.11.0-14-lowlatency linux-headers-4.11.0-14-lowlatency

Obviously this installs the 4.11.0.14 lowlatency kernel which is currently the latest but you can choose your version - usually pressing tab while at typing in the version gives some options. When booting it should automatically choose the newest installed kernel but you can otherwise select advanced ubuntu options from the grub boot menu and select the kernel from there.