How to stream music over the network to multiple computers? Results

I want to be able to walk from one room to another and hear the same song playing. Like you do if you were listening to the radio in all rooms.

I want that effect but I want to listen to my own music, can this be done?

Materials

Ubuntu laptop.
Mac computer.

First alternative

I have found and setup the software according to this answer
All of the softwares in both computers and server is setup how should I continue?
http://www.pulseaudio.org/wiki/FirstSteps

Yes, with pulseaudio this can easily be done. You will need to install and run paprefs  that makes your sound devices available over the network.

These settings allow both sound sources and sinks to be published over the network, ideally to another pulseaudio server.

In case you have your server setup without desktop manager you will need to install a sound system first (see this question). You can then edit /etc/pulse/default.pa uncommenting these lines in the Network access section:

load-module module-esound-protocol-tcp
load-module module-native-protocol-tcp
load-module module-zeroconf-publish

If you want to use RTP sender uncomment these lines the RTP sender module section:

load-module module-null-sink sink_name=rtp format=s16be channels=2 rate=44100 description="RTP Multicast Sink"
load-module module-rtp-send source=rtp.monitor

The pulseaudio server needs to be started as a daemon with pulseaudio -D in case it's not yet running. For optimizing sound qualitity settings in the /etc/pulse/daemon.conf may be adapted to personal needs.

An alternative method to stream audio in your network would be to setup an Icecast Server (see this question).

If you want to stream to an Android phone, you can use Foobar2000 on the server and BubbleUPnP (payware) on the client.

get Wine
get foobar_v1.2.5.exe
$ wine foobar2000_v1.2.5.exe
next, next, next... :)
get foo_upnp
extract in the components folder of foobar2000 (which probably is in ~/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/)
launch foobar2000
go to Library→Configure→Playback→Output→Device and select "Null output"
make sure ufw is not blocking the relevant traffic
in BubbleUPnP:

go to Devices→Libraries and select the foobar2000 server
in "Library", select "Playback Stream Capture"

The approach has the advantage that if you pause on the Android, it will accummulate a buffer (since the server is still sending).

Tested on Ubuntu (Wine version 1.5.28-0ubuntu1~ppa1) and Windows.


unmet dependencies when Installing GIMP I can't install GIMP, it says something about unmet dependencies.

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

gimp: Depends: python-gtk2 (>= 2.8.0) but 2.24.0-2 is to be installed
      Depends: libc6 (>= 2.11) but 2.13-20ubuntu5.1 is to be installed
      Depends: libfontconfig1 (>= 2.8.0) but 2.8.0-3ubuntu2 is to be installed
      Depends: libgdk-pixbuf2.0-0 (>= 2.22.0) but 2.24.0-1ubuntu1 is to be installed
      Depends: libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.31.2) but 2.30.0-0ubuntu4 is to be installed
      Depends: libgs9 (>= 8.61.dfsg.1) but 9.04~dfsg-0ubuntu11.5 is to be installed
      Depends: libgtk2.0-0 (>= 2.24.0) but 2.24.6-0ubuntu5 is to be installed
      Depends: libgudev-1.0-0 (>= 147) but 1:173-0ubuntu4.2 is to be installed
      Depends: libjpeg62 (>= 6b1) but 6b1-1ubuntu2 is to be installed
      Depends: librsvg2-2 (>= 2.14.4) but 2.34.1-2 is to be installed
      Depends: zlib1g (>= 1:1.1.4) but 1:1.2.3.4.dfsg-3ubuntu3 is to be installed

As gimp is a package that can be found in the Ubuntu repositories (i.e. you're not trying to install any non-supported application or beta version, etc), i suggest you try to solve the dependency issue instead of bypassing it.

Therefore, i would do the following:

Look for and note all the Depends: <package name> statements in your error message (like python-gtk2, libc6, libfontconfig1, etc). These are the packages that have dependency issues.
For each of these packages, do a sudo apt-get remove <package name> and then a sudo apt-get install gimp. Do this recursively. Each time you uninstall one package, then try to install gimp.

You should notice that the list of dependency issues should be smaller (that's not always the case, but let's keep it simple for now).
At some point - probably not all packages will have to be uninstalled - the installer should proceed with the installation of gimp as well as with all the necessary dependent packages at their 'correct' versions.

Give it a try and let us know how it went ;)

Open your terminal and use these commands please:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:jmou/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gimp

If that doesn't work

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ricotz/testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade -f
sudo apt-get install gimp

may also help.


How to boot from an .iso file in GRUB2? Is there a   way for doing this?

It may be much easier than the impression you get from all the detailed explanations on the web. I just did the following on Ubuntu 12.04 to boot FreeDOS .iso for a firmware update

Install grub-imageboot
copy your .iso file(s) to /boot/images/
run update-grub2

Or copy/paste these:

sudo -s
apt-get install grub-imageboot
mkdir /boot/images/
cp $YOUR_ISO_FILE.iso /boot/images/

update-grub2

That's it.

Sometimes, you may need 2 more steps to do before running update-grub2:

If you never did it before, you need to edit /etc/default/grub so that you see the grub menu on boot:

## To show the menu, disable the hidden_timeout, and set a timeout
#GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
GRUB_TIMEOUT=10

For some .iso images, you may need to add this option in /etc/default/grub-imageboot : (I needed it for my FreeDOS .iso)

ISOOPTS="iso raw"

If you did edit one of these config. files, you need to run update-grub2 again.

Update: Here is the resulting menuentry asked by "dma_k"

menuentry "Bootable ISO Image: SV100S2_64_128_120229" {
    insmod part_msdos
    insmod ext2
    set root='(hd0,msdos6)'
    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 6ca082d0-63d0-48c3-9e5f-2ce5d7a74fe4
    linux16 /boot/memdisk iso raw
    initrd16 /boot/images/SV100S2_64_128_120229.iso
}

This was for a FreeDOS image with some firmware update or such.

To boot from an ISO file on USB disk/stick, probably the most user-friendly way is MultiSystem: http://liveusb.info/dotclear/index.php?pages/install

You just drag-and-drop to have most ISO images included in the boot menu of your LiveUSB disk/stick.


Quicklist for Google Chrome (for bookmarks, new windows, etc) not working properly I tried to make a quicklist for Google Chrome by editing the .desktop file in /opt/google/chrome but there is a small problem

If i already have an instance of google chrome running and then i use the quicklist's shorcuts, the new google chrome opens in the same icon as the first one, adding the triangle to the left (just as it is supposed to)
If, though, i don't have an instance of chrome already running and i use one of the shorcuts i get the new window in its own icon on the launcher - making the launcher have two google chrome icons : one with the quicklist enabled and one without it.

the code i used for the quicklist is :

X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;Incognito;GoogleReader;  "Some more shorcuts here..."
Name[en_US]=Google Chrome
[NewWindow Shortcut Group]
Name=New Window
Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[Incognito Shortcut Group]
Name=New incognito window
Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome --incognito
TargetEnvironment=Unity
[GoogleReader Shortcut Group]
Name=Google Reader
Exec=/opt/google/chrome/google-chrome  %U http://www.google.com/reader/view/?hl=en#overview-page
TargetEnvironment=Unity

and some more exactly like the google reader's shortcut group for the other shorcuts

Can someone help me with getting a working quicklist on chrome?
I'm pretty sure others would like to use it too.

Chrome seems to have a bug that causes this kind of behavior - one that is fixed in Chromium (at least on the daily version - 13.0.750.0 (83280) - that i tested) .
The fix will , eventually, come to Chrome as well.

(when an update bring the fixed Chrome, i will post here a comment here - unless i have moved away to Chromium permanently)

You can take a look at the List of custom Launchers & Quicklists for Unity: Google Chrome Quicklist and there are some other quicklists you might like in there. For instance the Google Services Launcher and Google Docs Quicklist.


Ubuntu 18.04 can't boot (emergency mode) After shutting down the PC too many times while the kernel is loading my Ubuntu 18.04 doesn't boot anymore. It falls into emergency mode the grub wasn't showing before:`

The black screen after I select Ubuntu from the grub boot menu:

I ran journalctl -xb and this is what I got:

I don't know what's causing these errors, but after reading some questions here I think that the problem is related to disk partitions.
after running cat /etc/fstab:

after running lsblk -f:

This happened to me too, and it took me a bit of time to realize it was due to a bad entry in my /etc/fstab... I was setting up multiple OSes on different partitions, and at some point one of the partitions' UUID changed, so when I booted a previously working OS, it failed because it didn't find the UUID defined in /etc/fstab.

To fix it I simply commented out using # the unmountable partition, then rebooted. I later was able to remount the desired partition.

enter root password.
enter mount -a to see where the error is (which line).
enter nano  /etc/fstab and comment the missing or uncomment it then save and finally reboot. (for example:
comment a line like this  UUID =0E52-654D /boot/efi)
enter reboot


A tool to measure signal strength of wireless I want to know if there exists any command line option or GUI tool (Ubuntu 11.10) so that I can measure the strength of wireless signal at a given location. I have a house where the wireless is not easily accessible at all corners I want to know at which corners or rooms the signal is weak.

On the command line you can use iwconfig and look for "Link Quality" and "Signal level" values.

When walking around with a netbook I often use this command which updates the output of iwconfig every second:

watch -n1 iwconfig

With a small modification to measure the quality of the link (Link quality) and the signal level (Signal level).

   watch -n1 -d "awk '{print NR == 3 \" WiFi Link Quality = \ "int (\ $ 3 * 1.428571429) \"% (\ "\ $ 3 \" 00 / 70.00) \ "; print \" level WiFi = \ "\ $ 4 \" 00 dBm \ "} '' '/ proc / net / wireless" signal

Note: The -d switch to watch highlights values when they change (highlight Changes Between updates).


Will I be able to run Gnome 2 in 11.10? Will there be a way to eliminate Gnome 3 in 11.10 and install Gnome 2 on that sytem?

GNOME 2 will not be available in 11.10 as the entire stack (including GTK) has been upgraded to 3.x.

Though a new project has been made to reintroduce GNOME 2 to newer OSs called 'Mate' (Pronounced mah-te) and it's available now as an official distro...

There is this link that I found through a post on Ubuntu Community Forums:

Return to Ubuntu Classic Desktop in Ubuntu 11.10

Would that be what you are looking for?


Can I delete /var/log files due to low root space? Just had the message:

  Low disk space.. 2 GB left

Judging by a posted message on ubuntu.org forums, I found that I have a .log file in /var/log at 22 GB in size! My root is an 82 GB partition and Disk Analyser shows the offender to be in log. The system root was installed circa 8 months ago, so clearly this is not a good thing in creating a 22 GB log on an 82 GB root partition.

Is it safe to delete the log file or please advise on  the correct safe procedure to cleanse it without messing up my system. I presume it may be ok, but would like some other opinions before I do the task of delete.

It is generally safe to delete log files. The only disadvantage associated with doing so is that you may not be able to examine the log, if you're troubleshooting some other problem later. Since new logs are automatically generated, even this disadvantage is short-lived.

Most logs are deleted automatically (after being rotated by compression and renaming, and kept a while in that archived format). If you have a log that's expanded faster than Ubuntu is deleting it, it's unlikely that you'll experience any problems from deleting it manually.

However, if you have a log file that's 22 gigs in size, something very strange is happening, and it would be worthwhile to investigate that. I recommend editing your question again to include a link to the Ubuntu Forums thread you're talking about, and also to include the full name of the 22 GB log file.

If you are using rsync or suffering low disk space, two nice tasty targets are taken care of by these two commands:

sudo rm /var/log/kern*
sudo rm /var/log/messages*

These can get to be huge, and will be recreated the first time the system wants to write to them.

When using rsync they will not only save disk space but also will speed up the backup.


Inlcuding subtitle when converting MTS to MKV I want to convert my .MTS videos from my Sony HD Cam into a .MKV. I am using ffmpeg and it works fine. But I have problems with the subtitles (in this case the subtitles are date and time) because they get lost once I convert the MTS into mkv.

I use this command:

ffmpeg -i 00235.MTS -scodec copy -acodec copy -vcodec copy -f matroska OUTPUT.mkv

This is the output:

ffmpeg version 0.8.6-4:0.8.6-0ubuntu0.12.04.1, Copyright (c) 2000-2013 the Libav developers
  built on Apr  2 2013 17:02:36 with gcc 4.6.3
*** THIS PROGRAM IS DEPRECATED ***
This program is only provided for compatibility and will be removed in a future release. Please use avconv instead.
Input #0, mpegts, from '00235.MTS':
  Duration: 00:00:22.07, start: 1.000011, bitrate: 26285 kb/s
  Program 1
    Stream #0.0[0x1011]: Video: h264 (High), yuv420p, 1920x1080 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], 50 fps, 50 tbr, 90k tbn, 100 tbc
    Stream #0.1[0x1100]: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, s16, 448 kb/s
    Stream #0.2[0x1200]: Data: [144][0][0][0] / 0x0090
Output #0, matroska, to 'OUTPUT.mkv':
  Metadata:
    encoder         : Lavf53.21.1
    Stream #0.0: Video: H264 / 0x34363248, yuv420p, 1920x1080 [PAR 1:1 DAR 16:9], q=2-31, 1k tbn, 50 tbc
    Stream #0.1: Audio: ac3, 48000 Hz, 5.1, 448 kb/s
Stream mapping:
  Stream #0.0 -> #0.0
  Stream #0.1 -> #0.1
Press ctrl-c to stop encoding
frame= 1104 fps=  0 q=-1.0 Lsize=   67284kB time=22.08 bitrate=24963.2kbits/s
video:66061kB audio:1208kB global headers:0kB muxing overhead 0.023045%

It looks like Stream #0.2[0x1200] is the subtitle but in the end its not put into the MKV.

I hope someone can help me.

You can stream copy with -codec copy. This avoids the decoding and encoding step for the specified stream, so it does only demuxing and muxing which is useful if you want to change the output container format or manipulate or add container-level metadata. Performing a stream copy is faster than re-encoding and will not cause any quality loss.

Note that default behavior only chooses one stream type per input, so including -map 0 will include all streams for the first input. If you only have one stream type for the input, such as in the question above, then -map 0 is superfluous, but it does not hurt to leave it. See the documentation on stream selection and -map option for more info.

Example:

$ ffmpeg -i input.MTS -codec copy -map 0 output.mkv

Example using a bash for loop if you want to encode all videos in a directory:

$ mkdir outputdir
$ for f in *.MTS; do ffmpeg -i "$f" -codec copy -map 0 outputdir/"${f%.MTS}.mkv"; done

You can use some other converter apps to help you. The MKV format is very convenient for you to add subtitles into the video. But since it is a container format , then during the conversion, some problem may occur. find some other free converter apps to help you do your job. I personally think this ffMPEG is a little big diffictulty for me to trans-code my videos. And if there is some subtitles in it. Better you not using this ffMPEG. Try other apps if possible.


How do I restore libz.so.1? While trying to fix an issue with Python, I accidentally blew away my libz.so.1 binary by symlinking over it. Now a bunch of stuff, including apt-get won't work. The damage is limited to just libz.so.1 (which was pointing to libz.so.1.2.8) so I should be able to fix it by just finding the x86_64 binary and dropping it back in place, but all I can find is the source and I can't get that to compile. I'm on Xenial. Where can I find a compiled binary?

The correct way to fix this problem is to download needed package by hand, then install or extract it to the system. Of course you can perform such actions from LiveCD/LiveUSB.

How to solve such problems:

Visit packages.ubuntu.com.
Enter missed file name in Search the contents of packages (in our case libz.so.1.2.8) specifying target Distribution (xenial in our case) and CPU Architecture (amd64):

Click Search, it will show the results page:

Then click on the zlib1g link
In Download section click amd64:

On opened page select nearest mirror, (copy link or download deb-file by browser)

wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/z/zlib/zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb

Try to install downloaded package to the system:

sudo dpkg -i zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb

If it does not work - extract it directly to filesystem:

sudo dpkg -x zlib1g_1.2.8.dfsg-2ubuntu4_amd64.deb /

And then for sure reinstall it with APT:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall zlib1g

Ok, since I blew the original file away, I couldn't apt or even unzip or use rpm or alien. I was able to find an RPM'd version but I couldn't get the binary out because none of the tools that rely on compression worked. So I uploaded the RPM to Convertio and converted it to a tar, downloaded it and extracted it and put it back where it belongs.

Sheesh, lesson learned, be careful with those shared libs!


What has been your experience with paid support from Canonical? I am considering buying "Ubuntu Desktop Support" from Canonical for 2 reasons:

I have a couple of issues that I would like professional help with. (Specifically a recurring kernel panic, and a slow wireless connection.)
I would like to lend a helping hand toward supporting Ubuntu financially.

However, I am a bit worried that once I transfer the money, they will end up just referring me to the bug tracker on Launchpad.

Also, free support options like this site have the pleasant property that they are open to the internet, meaning that if my issue gets fixed, it is more likely to help others with the same problem.

What does paying for support from Canonical actually get you?

When I was an inexperienced ubuntuuser I chose to buy support from Canonical. I run Ubuntu on my business pc too, so I had to be absolutely sure that I would never be alone with a problem, and with Canonical I wasn't. They turned out to be very persistent, and wouldn't leave me alone till the problem was solved :o)

I've no experience with canonical support. But the features look promising and the one year package has a fair price, so i guess you couldn't do something wrong by subscribing.

As described on the features page this should be the relevant part for your needs.

System support

...
Problem identification, assessment and bug reporting.

Providing a work-around or complete resolution.


Terminal 'incognito mode'? I use Terminal a lot, and sometimes I am running commands, which aren't things I don't want others to see, but more commands that if I accidentally arrowed up to and accidentally executed would cause a lot of trouble.

So I am wondering if there is, or I can make, some sort of Terminal 'incognito mode' which would allow me to, upon the execution of a certain command, stop recording my history, and then only start recording after I either execute a start recording history again command and exit 'incognito mode', or I simply restart the Terminal?

Because I find myself later on going and removing stuff from my .bash_history, when it would be much easier if I could have stopped it recording there in the first place, or at least got it to try to record it somewhere where it just wouldn't be allowed to, and would just end up not recording it.

Run a command without putting it in history:
Simply put a space before the command. Bash will ignore commands with a prepended space:
Example: Spaceecho "Some secret text"
Note: This only works if the HISTCONTROL variable is set to ignorespace or ignoreboth.

Disable history temporarily:

Run Spaceset +o history or Spaceshopt -uo history to disable history.
Run set -o history or shopt -so history to enable it again.

Disable history for the current session (won't remember any commands from the session):
unset HISTFILE

Note: You'll be able to see the commands pressing Up until you close the terminal.

Remove a command from the history:
Run Spacehistory | grep "part of your secret command"
It will show a list of previously ran commands, in this format:
user@host:~$  history | grep pkill
  302  pkill $$
  467  pkill gone-cal
  468  pkill actionaz
  500  pkill chrome
  550  pkill super

Select the entry number at the left of the command. You can copy it with Ctrl+Shift+C
Run Spacehistory -d <number> where <number> is the entry number to remove the entry.
You can paste that number with Ctrl+Shift+V

Other interesting answers:

@echristopherson
@MoithilBiswas
@dolt

Personally I use mksh, and this shell by default has no history file. That means you could launch alternative shell such as mksh or dash (which comes by default by the way) to run the command you don't want users to see, and exit once done. bash history will only record that you launched alternative shell and that's it.


Ubuntu and Windows 8.1 dual boot problem I have Asus X550C laptop which came with FreeDOS on it.
I installed Windows 8.1 on it and then Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. Then when I rebooted the system only Ubuntu was booting up. I updated grub using sudo update-grub command and it found the Windows and everything was running smoothly.

But after a month I had to repair Ubuntu because of some issues. I booted with a boot-able USB and chose to repair the existing installation of Ubuntu. This time I can't locate Windows 8 for the life of me. I edited the grub file to show at start-up. Edited the grub file to add menu entry. But nothing.

Please help me boot windows as I have my life's work on that.

sudo parted -l

Model: ATA WDC WD5000LPVX-8 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 500GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End    Size    File system     Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  538MB  537MB   fat32                 boot
 2      538MB   496GB  495GB   ext4
 3      496GB   500GB  4174MB  linux-swap(v1)

Im no expert as i am only young but have you checked that your bios is set to boot ubuntu as default if not check it by pressing the del key when you see the asus logo and go across to boot in the bios options from here you should be able to view the priorities and enable or disable them, check windows is enabled then make it priority.


Can linux be windows substitute? can i use linux as a substitute of windows? i mean Can i use MS Office, Photoshop and other softwares which i usually use in windows?

You're asking this in a place where almost all of us use Ubuntu instead of Windows as our main operating system. The obvious answer is: yes.

You cannot simply install Microsoft Office and Photoshop as their programming is for Windows (or Mac). However you can install a "virtual" install of Windows under something called VirtualBox. This is like running a small computer inside of Ubuntu and it'll give you access to everything you need from Windows. Because you're running two operating systems at once you need a slightly beefier computer to get away with this.

There is also a compatibility layer called Wine that allows you to install Windows software. This often gives better performance applications with a lower resource overhead but this is traded against software support; not everything will run and what does might be buggy. You can check specific applications on http://appdb.winehq.org

Then there's alternative software. OpenOffice and GIMP are often touted as the open-source alternatives for MS Office and Photoshop. In my opinion OpenOffice will get the job done for most things. GIMP is also fine but if you're using advanced features in Photoshop, you'll probably miss a lot.

You should also consider perhaps moving certain tasks onto the web. For most of my word processing and spreadsheets, I now use Google Docs. It's completely cross platform and has some nice collaborative features. It's not as powerful as OpenOffice or MS Office but I don't need it to be.

I personally need Photoshop for my work (I'm a web developer when I'm not answering questions here) and I use VirtualBox to run a Windows XP install when I need it.

Excuse me for this question, but... do you own a license for MSOffice, other for Windows and another one for Photoshop? If so (I do hope so!), you should stick to Windows (pretty clear, isn't it). Other else... well... let's view it from another point of view ;)

MS Office --> OpenOffice / LibreOffice : not the same, but almost
Photoshop --> GIMP: not the same, but pretty good indeed!
Windows --> Ubuntu: no doubt! ;)

Any way, if you do own all those licenses, you could also use a VirtualMachine (both VMWare and VirtualBox have FREE versions) in your Ubuntu to install Windows and all that software.


Network Issue After upgrade to UBUNTU 18.04 After upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04 I get a question mark instead of wifi icon, and I cannot visit some websites - these websites change sometimes but a website I recently been having problem loading is edx.org.
Both problems go away as I connect to a VPN server with openconnect.

Click on Network Setiings...Upper right...

Then open Identity....

Strategy and Test....

STRATEGY

The strategy is simple... Ping a series of diffent sizes, and this will help narrow down the MTU size. A ping is 28 bytes on it's own. A typical LAN connection has an MTU of 1500 bytes. So we need to remember to subtract 28 from the MTU we really want to test. For example, if we want to test an MTU of 1500, first ping and set the size to 1473, this should fail as we are sending a ping that is 1501 bytes in size, with the Do Not Fragment option set. you should get an output similar to the following:

jon@JonM-LabPC:/$ ping -c 2 -M do 8.8.8.8 -s 1473
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 1473(1501) bytes of data.
ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1500
ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1500

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time 1006ms

We can see the error "Message too long", followed by the actual MTU size. Please be aware that not all Linux distros will have this same output... For Checkpoint's Gaia, you will get something similar to this:

[Expert@R7730StandAlone:0]# ping -c 2 -M do -s 1473 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 1473(1501) bytes of data.
From 172.26.176.150 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1500)
From 172.26.176.150 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1500)

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors

So, depending on the output you get, you can further validate that the MTU is 1500 by sending a ping that is exactly 1500 bytes in size, rather than 1501. You would just set the size to 1472. This will be the MTU for 99% of internal LAN connections, and most residential cable modems.

Just Keep going up till correct MTU is found....

steve@steve:~$ ping -c 2 -M do 8.8.8.8 -s 1468
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 1468(1496) bytes of data.
1476 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=1 ttl=118 time=26.3 ms
1476 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=2 ttl=118 time=26.7 ms

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1001ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 26.311/26.525/26.739/0.214 ms

steve@steve:~$ ping -c 2 -M do 8.8.8.8 -s 1469
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 1469(1497) bytes of data.
ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1496
ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1496

--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 0 received, +2 errors, 100% packet loss, time
1029ms

PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 1468 (1496) bytes of data.

When this message is received, you have determined MTU....

ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1496
ping: local error: Message too long, mtu=1496


What is the easiest way to merge / and /home? I have separate / and /home partitions, of which both use ext4 as their filesystem.
How can I merge them, and what is the easiest way?

I don't think there's an easier way. You need to copy the data from one partition to the other. You need to delete the old home partition and resize the root partition. That cannot be done on a running system, so a live CD or USB seems like as good as it gets.

Boot the live CD/USB.
Mount the root partition to /mnt/root.
Mount the home partition to /mnt/oldhome.
Copy the data using rsync:

sudo rsync -avz --hard-links --numeric-ids /mnt/oldhome/ /mnt/root/home

Open /mnt/root/etc/fstab and delete the entry for your home partition.
Unmount the root and home partition and reboot the system. If everything works as expected you can reboot again into the live system and then:
Open Gparted.
Delete the old home partition, resize the root partition.

That should be it.

I know this is an old question, but for anyone like me who are looking for a good solution this tutorial: MERGE (OR RESIZE) THE /HOME PARTITION ON CENTOS 7 worked great for me!
Just don't forget to do chown -R <USER> /path/to/new/home for all end users. System/program users are fine as well as root, but any users you set up will need that command.
The other benefit of this is that you don't need to use the install media, you can just do it from a root terminal, so if your server is of site you'll still be able to do this!


Freezes if desktop effects is used I have found that using desktop effects in Ubuntu versions later than 8.10 causes the desktop to freeze after a few seconds on my PC. the command lspci -nn gave the following

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:2772] (rev 02)

and with lspci -k I have

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 82945G/GZ Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 02)
Kernel driver in use: i915
Kernel modules: i915

The intel graphics cards seems to have some performence issues with xorg driver.
However I have not noticed any freeze in Ubuntu 8.10.

There are some workarounds at https://wiki.ubuntu.com/X/Bugs/Lucidi8xxFreezes to make them work. But I can't find out what workaround should I do with my graphics controller. I have tried workaround F but it did not help.

can anyone help me find a workaround for my graphics card?
and
is it actually possible to use desktop effect in this graphics card ?

Disable the desktop effects:

We have three computers with the same chipset and the very same problem at work.

20 PCs, 3 of them with the intel 945 chipset... the three of them have issues. They constantly freeze. We tried to boot in Ubuntu Classic, but it doesn't change anything.

Just stick to 10.04 and disable the desktop effects.


What is the easiest way to resolve apt-get BADSIG GPG errors? I frequently cross this issue, and always have to google for an answer. Does anyone have a permanent fix for BADSIG errors from apt-get?

  W: GPG error:
  http://download.virtualbox.org lucid
  Release: The following signatures were
  invalid: BADSIG 54422A4B98AB5139
  Oracle Corporation (VirtualBox archive
  signing key)

Here's the (easiest) solution:

Type the following commands in the Terminal:

$ sudo -i
# apt-get clean
# cd /var/lib/apt
# mv lists lists.old
# mkdir -p lists/partial
# apt-get clean
# apt-get update

Credits: ubuntugeek.com

Edit:

If the error occurs again (maybe after a few days/months), open Nautilus as root > navigate to var/lib/apt > delete the "lists.old" folder > then open the "lists" folder and delete the "partial" folder. Now, execute the aforementioned commands again.

Found another server that we could use:

gpg --keyserver hkp://subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys [YOURKEYINQUESTION]
gpg --armor --export [YOURKEYINQUESTION] | sudo apt-key add -


How can I scale all images in a folder to the same width? I want to scale all images in a given folder to the same width (but different appropriately scaled heights). How can I do this using  a GUI-based or command-line tool?

For bonus points, is it possible to restrict which images are scaled based on their initial width (that is, only scale images that have a width > x and/or a width < y)?

This is very easy to do with imagemagick. You should be able to install it in the Software Center. I would suggest it for batch processing of images.

The batch resizing is incredibly simple (I tested it with Ubuntu 11.10). Use the following command to resize every .jpg file to 200 pixel width, keeping the aspect ratio:

$ convert '*.jpg[200x]' resized%03d.png

you can maintain the filename by using -set option. Ex:

convert "images/*.jpg[250x]" -set filename:base "%[basename]" "images/new_folder/%[filename:base].jpg"

If you have more files you should use with find

find /folder -iname '*.JPG' -exec convert \{} -verbose -set filename:base "%[basename]" -resize 1920x1080\> "/folder/images/%[filename:base].JPG" \;

This is only scratching the surface of the power of imagemagick. Resizing can be tuned endlessly. For more advanced resizing you have to use the -resize option.

You can limit the resizing to shrinking:

$ convert '*.jpg[300x>]' thumb-300-%03d.png

or enlarging:

$ convert '*.jpg[300x<]' thumb-300-%03d.png

Have look at the geometry documentation to see more options.

For batch image resizing I’ve looked at many packages and finally found one with a usable interface – converseen. Once you discover that the important settings are somewhat hidden on the scrollable left pane, all is well.
Not sure if this meets all of the OPs use cases, but you may not have to look at the quirky UIs of imagemagick or phatch.
Oddly, photo management packages like digikam, f-spot, fotoxx or shotwell don't seem to recognize the need for copying/resizing batches of images before uploading to online services like photobucket or (gag) flickr. These services want us to do things their way only so I do not trust them for backing up originals.


is there any step by step method for a novice to add space to 14.04lts on acer c720 chromebook I'm an absolute novice, but successfully installed ubuntu 14.04 LTS to my acer C720 chromebook following hugh greenbugs' method for dual boot. I also successfully ran out of disk space to install games. I hope to mount an external hard drive and wish to know if anyone would be willing to take me through the process step by step, with the aim that my newly mounted external drive will become the default installation path for all new installs. As a novice, I have no knowledge to return to you.

Using a terminal

Plug in external hard drive
Change directory to hard drive using the cd command (directory is ~/"Name of hard drive in file system" without quotes) like this.

cd ~/ExternalHardDrive

Run sudo apt-get to download games download games and enjoy.

Using Gdebi Package installer

Save package to hard drive
Open with GDebi

I hope this works!


Can I move the Unity launcher? I can’t get used to the new Unity system. I’d like to move the left Unity panel to the bottom of screen (like Windows 7 – more similar is better).

But I can't find a way. Is it possible?

11.10
There is now an unofficial Compiz Plugin that allows you to move the Unity 3D (not Unity 2D) launcher from the left to the bottom.

Credit to WebUpd8.
In summary:

You can now peruse the source-code. Contact the maintainer with suggested fixes!  Remember this is unofficial and can & probably will have many bugs still to be ironed out.
Install the PPA - ppa:paullo612/unityshell-rotated
The packages to install are unityshell-rotated libnux-1.0-0
A new plugin Ubuntu Unity Plugin Rotated will be made available in CCSM
There is a likelihood of freezes on installation. If this occurs use CTRL+ALT+F1 to start a TTY, login and restart lightdm with sudo service lightdm restart.  Rerun ccsm to enable the new plugin
This plugin replaces the official Unity Plugin.  You will obviously not receive further bugfixes from the Ubuntu development team - you will be reliant on the PPA maintainer to supply bug-fixes

warning please see this Q&A as to potential stability issues using CCSM

Linked Questions:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
Source code

Another possible solution - via dconf-editor , the schema is com.canonical.Unity.Launcher

To install dconf-editor run sudo apt-get install dconf-editor in terminal , or find it in the new software center


Micro SD card write protected fat32? I have tried this solution and it doesnt work.
sudo fdisk -l output is

Disk /dev/sda: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders, total 1465149168 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x0004a414

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048      718847      358400    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2          718848   759897456   379589304+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda3       759898110  1465147391   352624641    5  Extended
Partition 3 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda5      1448615936  1465147391     8265728   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6       759898112  1448615935   344358912   83  Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order

Disk /dev/sdb: 3960 MB, 3960471552 bytes
31 heads, 30 sectors/track, 8317 cylinders, total 7735296 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            8192     7735295     3863552    b  W95 FAT32

When apply sudo mount --options remount,rw /dev/sdb1
says:
mount: cannot remount block device /dev/sdb1 read-write, is write-protected
When apply this: sudo chown -hR waqas /dev/sdb1
it shows changing the permission of files and gives the log files but result is nothing when i goto the card and check the permission its the same.
same case with the sudo chmod -R 777 /dev/sdb1
and the last one i apply gksudo nautilus when navigate to the card and try to change the permission it says:

and window close after a second. So I am not sure what to do.
Note:
Ubuntu 13.10
this card was in Android phone and somehow got messed up with the permissions.
written on card: Micro SD card HC 4GB

I just came across the same problem. The reason for the error message is that there is physical switch that prevents a write to the media. You SD adapters have one. But micro sd doesnt.

Solution: (Obvious :P) Flip the switch in the SD card adapter and plug it in.


A good LAN messaging and file-sharing application Presently I use iptux for sending messages and sharing files over my hostel LAN, but the interface isn't quite convenient and the files sent/received don't reach the destination completely a lot of times.

Is there a better LAN messaging and file-sharing application on Ubuntu? I don't intend to use samba as I need to send messages too.

Checkout the open source project Openfire, its a jabber protocol server so you will be able to setup your own private network and still use popular applications like Pidgin as it uses the XMPP protocol.

http://www.igniterealtime.org/projects/openfire/plugins.jsp

Checkout the plugin page to see how extensible it is and if it meets your needs.

It's java based so install should be a breeze.

The lan messaging software Output Messenger will fulfill all your interoffice business communication needs.

http://www.outputmessenger.com/

This team chat app offers a lot of instant messaging features including One-to-One Chat, Group Chat, File Transfer, Remote Desktop Sharing, Voice Call, Group Video Chat and Conferencing, Off-the-Record Messaging and Communication Restriction etc.


Ubuntu 18 touchpad not working properly My touchpad is not working properly on Ubuntu 18. I can left-click on buttons etc, but the cursor won't move.
This is the result of my xinput:
⎡ Virtual core pointer                  id=2     [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer        id=4     [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SYNA7DB5:00 06CB:7DB7 Touchpad    id=12    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Receiver             id=15    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Receiver             id=17    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                 id=3     [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard       id=5     [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                      id=6     [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                         id=7     [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                         id=8     [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                      id=9     [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Sleep Button                      id=10    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HD WebCam: HD WebCam              id=11    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard      id=13    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Acer WMI hotkeys                  id=14    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Logitech USB Receiver             id=16    [slave  keyboard (3)]

Press f2 on startup go into bios, go to "main", go down to "touchpad" and hit enter, change from "advanced" to "basic" hit f10 to save and reboot. Seems to be a setting that changes itself if you let your battery die, like legacy boot mode.

Check whether xserver-xorg-input-synaptics is install or not?

apt list --installed | grep xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

If it is missing, install it by invoking this command

sudo apt update
sudo apt install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

Now, reboot or logout your pc, it should fix your problem. And if you want tweak your mouse emulation configuration use gnome-tweak.


Installing Lubuntu: manual partitioning does not work I'm trying to install Lubuntu on my laptop* from a USB, using the lubuntu-20.10-desktop-amd64.iso file downloaded from the (I believe) Chip website because the file at the Lubuntu website didn't load. When it comes to "Partitions", I get the choice to

erase the disk [which I have already done using DBAN, so it's not necessary; besides, it took three attempts with DBAN, the third taking > 48 hours when it was eventually successful... so I'd rather not erase again when it's not necessary]
Manual partitioning
[no other options]
Well, so I chose manual partitioning and would've liked to do it according to this page: http://www.control-escape.com/linux/lx-partition.html ... but I don't seem to be able to do that. First I need to set up a "new partition table" (choosing between MBR and GPT - one step before, Lubuntu recommended GPT, is that true also for this choice??)...
... and then a "New Volume Group" - see the attached picture for the dialog box. There I can enter a "Volume Group Name" and a "Physical Extent Size" of up to 999 MiB (no GiB!). 999 MiB seems not very big... and most of all, I can never click "OK" (it remains inactive).

What am I doing wrong? How can I proceed the installation?
Thanks a lot in advance!!!!!
*My laptop has supposedly 500GB, the installation walk-through says 465,8 GiB. Dual-Core 4GB.
*** Sorry, I haven't found how to respond to your comments 1-3 specifically, so I'm editing my replies here. :-( ***
Thanks for your replies. I have now re-downloaded the Lubuntu image, this time: lubuntu-20.04.2-desktop-amd64.iso (from the lubuntu.me URL). I used the browser download because I'm using someone else's computer and would prefer not to install a bittorrent client there. Although I failed verifying the file (I'm using a Windows 10 computer, but apparently I need another program for verifying?...), I tentatively proceeded and started installing Lubuntu. Well, I then received an error message posted hereenter link description here ... but at least it seems I got around the manual partitioning issue.
Thanks!

I ended up formatting the hard drive. (Thanks for the comments!)
BTW, when I realized that my USB stick (boot drive) was formatted in exFAT and reformatted it to NTFS, I received the full 4-point menu instead of just formatting or manual partitioning. Nonetheless, I decided to format the hard drive.


When sending email with Postfix, how can I hide the sender’s IP and username in the Received header? When sending mail, Postfix inserts the authenticated user’s IP and username into the Received header on the email. While this is useful for tracking down who sent a particular email that was sent from your mail server, it also has privacy implications. In a small-scale situation where I can trust all the users not to get their accounts compromised and turned into spam zombies, I’d rather not broadcast IP addresses and account names for all to read. In short, how do I set up Postfix to not send this:

  Received: from [x.x.x.x] (pc1.example.com  [x.x.x.x]) (using TLSv1
  with cipher DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA (256/256 bits))    (No client certificate
  requested)    (Authenticated sender: user)    by  mail.example.com
  (Postfix) with ESMTPSA id CC77010C148 for  ; Fri, 11
  Nov 2011 04:55:18 +0000 (UTC)

The standard solution is to use the header_checks option. This will work, however, if we filter received lines on all mail both incoming and outgoing (as this will do), we could potentially lose Received headers on mail sent to us, which can be important for troubleshooting. To get around this problem, we will apply the header_checks only to the mail that could not possibly have been sent to us—mail that was sent to the submission port (you are using the submission port, aren’t you?).

This post explains how to apply header_checks exclusively to the submission port. What we need to do is pass the cleanup_service_name option to the submission service so that we can set up a new cleanup service, “subcleanup.” The relevant section of /etc/postfix/master.cf might look like this:

submission inet n       -       -       -       -       smtpd
  -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt
  -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes
  -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject
  -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING
  -o cleanup_service_name=subcleanup

Now we can pass the header_checks option to the new cleanup service. That part of /etc/postfix/master.cf might look like this:

cleanup   unix  n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
subcleanup unix n       -       -       -       0       cleanup
  -o header_checks=regexp:/etc/postfix/submission_header_checks

Finally, we need to create the file /etc/postfix/submission_header_checks, which will contain the regex that filters offending Received header lines.  Which regex you put in the file depends on whether you have smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header set.

If smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header is yes, then use:

/^Received:.*\(Authenticated sender:/ IGNORE

Otherwise, use:

/^Received:.*\(Postfix/ IGNORE

(Thanks to Dominic P and Bryan Drewery for showing how to handle the second case.)

You can use

smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = no

in postfix/main.cf to eliminate the header information in your outgoing mails.


Disable ATI Radeon graphics card and use intel graphics (switcheroo unavailable) So I have a HP Envy with ATI Radeon 5450 + intel switchable graphics. I think (though I'm not sure) that the Radeon is running right now on Ubuntu 12.04 (because my laptop is making too much noise when I'm doing something non gpu intensive like word processing, or web browsing).

So what I want to do is disable the ATI Radeon and use the Intel instead. I looked around and it seems all the solutions use switcheroo, but I dont have it on my computer! I think this happened because I tried installing the proprietary driver (fglrx).

Any and all help is 200% appreciated, thank you

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1930450

have you tried that one?

Josvanr


Problem installing google chrome I went to the google chrome website and downloaded the 64 bit .deb package from the site, after it downloads and opens the software center, when I click the install button it starts to install then it gives me this error "dpkg: error processing archive /tmp/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb (--install):
 cannot access archive: No such file or directory", i do not understand why there is no such file when it says under the download page it says "this will add the add the google repository". Is there another way to install chrome or is there a way to solve this problem?

The problem is that Google Chrome can't install some of it's proprietary dependencies. You need to go to System Settings, Software & Updates, and check the check boxes to enable the Multiverse and Universe repositories. Then close the window, and you should be asked to update information about the packages. Click Update (or whatever it says) and it will close. Then try to install the .deb file again.


Change Datetime format I'm using Gnome 3 / Gnome-shell, and Ubuntu 13.10.

I'd like to display the timestamp (as in, the number of seconds since 1970/01/01 00:00 UTC) next to the clock in the top bar. I figured out I just needed to change the time format and add a %s.

Then I searched where I could change the time format and found dconf keys com.canonical.indicator.datetime.time-format and ....custom-time-format. I set the second one to "custom" (using dconf-editor) and the first one to %l:%M %p   -   %s but nothing changed. Actually, nothing in the whole dconf directory changed a single thing on the clock as I fiddled. (nor did logging off and on again)

I thought that it may come for gnome-tweak-tool overriding the settings, but I don't know how to make it use the standard parameters. When I change clock settings in gnome-tweak-tool, they're immediately used.

I've tried everything I could find on google... I'm even wondering if it would not be simpler to create my own locale, but I'm not even sure it will do the trick, as I don't know what gnome-tweak-tool (or some other software I'm not even aware) does to the clock...

Thank you

I believe those settings only apply to Unity; gnome shell seems to store its clock settings in org.gnome.desktop.interface, but only allows you to set whether to display seconds and/or the date.

I had a quick look on the extensions site, though, and this seems to do what you are wanting: https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/795/format-clock/

you can do this with a utility gnome clock or something.  searching...clock override.  you can set the date time format with any format you like.this is mine if it will let you see it.
this is controlled by the %x formats in the manual.  search for clock override.


Unable to delete recup_dir.1 folder A folder was created when I used a utility to recover pictures from a cd card that I deleted by mistake.

Now I can't delete it or move it. I am told I am not the owner of it even when I am logged on as root.

How can I delete the recup_dir.1 folder from my machine?

I found this on launchpad and it answered my question. Thanks for the hilp.

I am not completely sure where these files are coming from, but http://www.aypcservices.com/?p=5525 (middle part of the page) indicates that they might be reconstructed picture files from the PhotoRec program (part of the testdisk package).

It seems they have been created in a way that they are owend by 'root', and you do not have access rights to look at them. To overcome that restriction you can do the following:

Open a terminal (Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal, or press ALT+F2, or press Ctrl+Alt+T) and in the window that opens enter "gksudo nautilus" (without the quotes). This will ask for your password and open a new file browser window with access rights as if logged in as root.

Now you should be able to browse all files.

Please use extreme caution when using this technique, because in that window the restrictions imposed on a 'normal user' (like: no rights to delete important system files) are temporarily overridden.

sudo rm -r /home/elrafie/recup_dir.1
sudo rm -r /home/elrafie/recup_dir.2


The computer didn't automatically boot from USB, I am new in Ubuntu and created a bootable USB disk first and restarted the PC(with OS Windows8) as recommended in the tutorial. However, the computer didn't automatically boot from USB, no menu box appeared on screen to choose "Try Ubuntu" or "Install Ubuntu", even though I tried holding esc, F12, F10. I appreciate any help!

This article has detailed steps for creating Ubuntu 18.04 Live USB and booting it:

https://linuxconfig.org/install-ubuntu-from-usb-18-04-bionic-beaver

The part you are stuck on now is getting BIOS to boot the Live USB:
Access Boot Menu
To access Boot Menu on your computer you will need to hit different keys (or combination of keys) depending on your computer type. Here is the list of possible keys you may have to press depending on your PC:

Device
Key Combination
Comment

Acer
Esc, F12 or F9
F12 key most likely

Apple
⌥
the key is also known as Option or Alt

Asus
F8 or Esc

Compaq
Esc or F9

Dell
F12

eMachines
F12

Fujitsu
F12

HP
Esc or F9

Lenovo
F8, F10 or F12
Other possibilities: Novo button or Fn + F11

Samsung
Esc or F2 or F12
For ultrabooks from Samsung disable the fast boot option in BIOS/UEFI. See next section.

VAIO
Esc, F10 or F11
Other possibilities: Assist button

Toshiba
F12

These are the keys to override the boot priority for a single session. There are other keys for accessing the full BIOS/UEFI menus below.

Access BIOS/UEFI
To access BIOS/UEFI on your computer you will also need to hit different keys (or combination of keys) depending on your computer type. Here is the list of possible keys you may have to press depending on your PC:
Key combinations for accessing BIOS/UEFI Device

Device
Key Combination
Comment

Acer
Del or F2
F2 key most likely

Asus
Delet or Del

Compaq
F10

Dell
F2

eMachines
Tab or Del

Fujitsu
F2

HP
Esc, F10, F11
Other possibilities: on Pavilion - F1

Lenovo
F1 or F2
Other possibilities: small button next to the Power button (if laptop)

Samsung
F2
For ultrabooks from Samsung if might be F10

VAIO
F1, F2, F3
Other possibilities: Assist button

Toshiba
F1, F2, F12 or Esc

Have you changed your boot priority in the BIOS? I think you can find the settings you want by changing the priority in the BIOS.


Vulkan VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED (18.04, Radeon HD 6520G) I am trying to get vulkan working on my old AMD laptop

OS:
ubuntu 18.04

Hardware:
AMD A6-3420M APU with integrated Radeon HD 6520G

Radeon HD 6520G details (https://www.notebookcheck.net/AMD-Radeon-HD-6520G.55734.0.html)
    Seris:      Radeon HD 6000M
    Codename:   Llano
    Architecture:   Terascale 2

It is difficult to tell if this hardware is supported from the chart  here:
https://www.amd.com/en/technologies/vulkan

After following these instructions( https://linuxconfig.org/install-and-test-vulkan-on-linux):

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:oibaf/graphics-drivers
$ sudo apt update
$ sudo apt upgrade
$ sudo apt install libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-utils

and rebooting, I get this:

lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display' $

00:01.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] BeaverCreek [Radeon HD 6520G]
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] BeaverCreek [Radeon HD 6520G]
    Kernel driver in use: radeon
    Kernel modules: radeon

$ vulkaninfo
===========
VULKAN INFO
===========

Vulkan Instance Version: 1.1.70

/build/vulkan-Kbdbga/vulkan-1.1.70+dfsg1/demos/vulkaninfo.c:2700: failed with VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED

The wikipedia page for AMD GPUs clearly lists Terascale 2 as NOT supporting vulkan.
The ammount of rebranding and renming of graphics components makes this quite the hunt.

For those in similar "does my AMD card support vulkan?" waters:

1.) identify your card from the commandline

$lspci |grep 'VGA'

2.) Search the GPU specs at a site such as notebookcheck.net and find its 'architecture' or 'chipset'

3.) look up the chipset on the  wikipedia page for AMD GPUs


how can I upgrade from version 11.04 to a newer one? I am a new user and I am not a computer expert. I tried to follow the steps on one of the the Ubuntu support pages, but it was not helpful (page did not work). Could some one help me, please? Thanks, Ceci.

General solution for such situations is to do several dist-upgrades to the next release until you reach supported version. For your issue, you need to update to 11.10 release then to 12.04. Then you have to decide if you want to have LTS version or the latest one which is 13.04. Of course, you need all transitional releases to be downloaded and burned to CDs, or you have to use Ubuntu old-releases site to make transitional upgrades.

First update your ubuntu 11.04 with all required updates by
sudo apt-get update
then
sudo apt-get upgrade
If any new version available it automatically intimate you to upgrade


zlib_1.2.9 not found required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16 After downloading zlib-1.2.9 on Ubuntu 18.04 I have these problems opening one of my softwares (Schrodinger suites).

ImportError: /opt/schrodinger2017-1/mmshare-v3.7/lib/Linux-x86_64/libz.so.1: version `ZLIB_1.2.9' not found (required by /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpng16.so.16)

Even though I have tried to install this library by these steps:

Downloading them (https://zlib.net/fossils/) and opening a terminal in the extracted directory and writing: ./configure then sudo make and finally sudo make install and the process terminates without any errors, But this error doesn't fix for my software.

I could run my software in Ubuntu 16.04 correctly. also I have tried to install other libraries like zlib1g, libpng etc. but they didn't fix my issue. I appreciate any suggestions.

After I did some trial and error, I found something that makes it work mysteriously. On some other application, people said that running GUI application should be running on gksudo, which could be installed on

sudo apt install gksu

instead of sudo. I wonder if this would fix the problem of yours.


Panel Icons Missing Ubuntu 14.04 LTS I am a new Ubuntu user having a problem with my Ubuntu 14.04 panel icons not properly displaying. Before this happened I had a problem to boot a system - it took years to display anything after the login screen. The missing icons are for the network, locale, Thunderbird, power, sound, and system.

PS

If this is a duplicate of another question then sorry I couldn't find the  right link, hope you to share a link.

Hold Alt while right-mouse clicking on the panel.
select Add to Panel
Add indicator Applet Complete
Finish

It is possible something happened to damage or remove the icons that Unity is trying to reload. So you may want to try reinstalling the Ubuntu desktop environment as described here:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install unity

This may be slightly overkill for just some missing icons but it may fix your problem.


I tried to update from 13.04 to 13.10. Got the "Could not calculate the upgrade" error I ran

grep Broken /var/log/dist-upgrade/apt.log

Here is what I got

Broken libpam-systemd:i386 Conflicts on libpam-xdg-support [ i386 ] < 0.2-0ubuntu2 > ( universe/admin )

Broken iputils-ping:i386 Depends on libgnutls-openssl27 [ i386 ] < none -> 2.12.23-1ubuntu1 > ( libs )

Broken ubuntu-standard:i386 Depends on dnsutils [ i386 ] < none -> 1:9.9.2.dfsg.P1-2ubuntu2 > ( net )`

I would appreciate your help in resolving this error. Thanks :)

This worked for me

sudo ppa-purge xorg-edgers

It's a common issue I've seen and have experienced myself. Here is your solution:

sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ /etc/apt/sources.list.d.bak; sudo sed -i 's/raring/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade -y; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt-get install -f; sudo mv /etc/apt/sources.list.d.bak /etc/apt/sources.list.d; sudo sed -i 's/raring/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*; sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get upgrade -y; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -y; sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop -y

This will backup your PPAs by moving them so they don't interfere with the upgrade, upgrade from Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10, then put your PPAs back and update them to Saucy, and finally attempt to install PPA packages for Saucy. Some of your PPAs may not support Saucy yet, however.

Be sure to carefully watch the output for any issues.


I want to upgrade my Ububtu to 16.04. Kindly help How do I upgrade my Ubuntu to 16.04 ? It is now 12.04. If I upgrade the version will it delete all my installed apps ? Kindly help.

To upgrade from 12.04 to 16.04 you have to upgrade first to 14.04 and then to 16.04. It can be done by UpdateManager. But I would recomend a clean install. It would probably take less time than double upgrade. Backup your date before any of this actions.

You can upgrade Ubuntu from live USB key with 16.04. I thik it should offer you an option to upgrade from older versions. But I thing the programs you have installed will be lost.

I'd recommend upgrading only to 14.04 for the time being.  There have been many-many reports of problems with both upgrades and clean installs of 16.04 -- including my main desktop system, which I had to recover from backup after upgrading 14.04 to 16.04 resulted in failure to load the desktop.  You can remain supported on 14.04 until 2019, so you can ride that version until either 16.04 has its bugs ironed out, or 18.04 is ready.


Over 750 kb/s wifi disconnects I have wrote before  topic but I found out a new information by testing torrent downloading, if the limit is on 750 everything is fine, but if unlimited, my download grows up to 1-2mb and dies. I changed MTU for 1500 but it didn't help, do you have any idea what could I do with it?

Edit: You don't have to read comments, I'll make a shortcut when we'll solve it :)
Until now: it's my cheap router's fault (belkin f7d2301 v1)

It could be a router problem

Try to connect with a different router. Maybe you can test with one at your office? If it works Ubuntu isn't at fault. Now you have the following options with your router:

Try upgrading your router firmware
You might want to check if you can install an alternative OS on your router, like dd-wrt. Check this page to see if it does.

Just be careful: Errors while changing your firmware can make your router unresponsive (also known as bricking).
If all else fails, maybe it's time to buy a better router.

I have solved the same kind of issue like this:

I limit the number of peer connections to about 10 - 20 and now it works fine.


Is it possible to convert live CD to alternate CD using Jigdo? Can I use Jigdo to convert a Ubuntu live CD to an alternate CD with minimal download? The CD image I have is ubuntu-12.04.1-desktop-amd64.iso.

Is it possible? Or should I have to download the alternate ISO?

No, you can't convert live CD to alternate CD using Jigdo.
Jigdo does work similar kind of torrent. You can download and share files using it. I would recommend to not change or edit any official iso by any way. Rather prefer to download alternate iso.


Missing date & time applet from top Unity panel I like Unity very much. Recently, I installed Compiz manager and Nautilus Elementary also then tried to Play. During some of my playing around, Unity's clock applet has vanished.

I want to make it show the time again. How can I do this?

Having date and time gone on Ubuntu 13.10 beta, after next reboot, this command solves the problem:

killall unity-panel-service

If you not found Date-Time on panel then try to find out on whether its hide or not. If not then try to find out its installed or not.

If you find that Date-Time not install then you just install it.
1. apt-get install indicator-datetime
2. killall unity-panel-service

You not need to Logoff or reset Unnity. Just check on your Desktop's Right Corner.


Ubuntu 18.10 freezes within 10 seconds after log in I have installed ubuntu 18.10 on my asus rog gl-553vd. But after logging in the display is freezing after 10 seconds.

Can you guys please help me  out?

The problem is the nVidia graphics card. You can fix it adding the grub config parameter nouveau.modeset=0. You can see how to do this in this video: https://youtu.be/NOg5ILhTYNY


Has any one tried ATI 12.2 Proprietary Display Driver for Ubuntu 11.10 64 bit? I have ATI Technologies Inc Mobility Radeon HD 3400 Series graphic card. Was using Open source drivers and are decent. Hangs little bit sometimes but are fine most of the time

Recently, I have seen ATI released 12.2 drivers. Has any one tried them ? Are they working fine ? Can I try them ?

I'm using gnome-shell and I had installed 12.1 drivers working well. I updated to 12.2 yesterday. I had to downgrade this morning to 12.1 again because everything wents very slow.
My system was slow/sluggish, cpu was always high with 100% peeks as Freaky said.

I'm not happy with this new version :/

UPDATED: 2012-03-16

Seems that my problems were because the dual monitor configuration. After disabled one monitor everything went smooth again (as 12.1).

Whow, things horribly suck for me (I'm on gentoo though). gnome-sell consumes 8% CPU by default, bouncing a simple gnome terminal up and down gets it to 100% easily.

Once again a fantastic release from AMD/Ati, I knew I should have gotten a nVidia card.


Ubuntu terribly slow, barely able to move mouse This is my first time trying Ubuntu. I burned a DVD with version 14.04 and installed it alongside Windows 7. The machine here is an AMD Athlon 2 at 3ghz and 64 bit with 2gb of ram. After booting Ubuntu it goest to the desktop screen the icons down the left hand side. After 1/2 minute the mouse pointer shows up but the pointer is almost frozen: if I move the mouse a bit the pointer on screen will move maybe 30 seconds later. I did get it over to one of the icons and clicked on it but nothing happened.

I have a new USB mouse by the way and it works fine on the Windows side. I have limited computer knowledge compared to most people on this site. Do I need more horse power to run this version? Just stumped as what to ask even.

64-bit on only 2GB RAM?

I don't know much about systems, but don't you think 32-bit would be more reliable for that small of an amount of RAM?

May I suggest installing XFCE4 as your GUI?

Upon booting into Ubuntu, click and hold Ctrl + Alt + F1 to go into terminal. Follow instructions to login. I am suggesting this method because your GUI is painfully slow.
Upon logging in, type 'sudo apt-get install xfce4' and click enter. Click 'Y' when prompted. When the operation is complete, type 'sudo restart lightdm' and the login screen should appear and you will be able to select XFCE as your default GUI. It's much faster.

If you get lost throughout this process and want to return to the GUI, just Ctrl + Alt + F7.


Dual boot problem with ubuntu 12.04 and Vista Greetings from New Zealand.

I have installed Microsoft Windows Vista and then installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my refurbished Compaq nx8220 laptop. I get the following infamous head hurting prompt continually.

error: no such partition.
grub rescue>

Have tried most of the common recommended solutions. Live-CD then install Boot-Repair through the Terminal didn't work. It repaired all the linux stuff when restoring grub and then can't boot into Windows Vista.

When I use Boot-Repair to fix the MBR, then I can't boot into Ubuntu. Tried installing BCD 2.1 in Vista and tried all the options one after another in BCD. Still no Ubuntu when selected through the options menu from BCD on restart/reboot.

I have tried the boot repair option on the Ubuntu server CD-ROM, tried installing earlier versions of Ubuntu 11.04, 11.10, and Ubuntu server 11.10 and 12.04. Still the same result.

I tried deleting the Ubuntu partitions through Vista a number of times and reinstalling Ubuntu.

I have been trying and retrying all the options in Boot-Repair in different combinations for the past week and a half. I have tried at least 10 times installing and reinstalling Ubuntu.

I really love Ubuntu and believe I have exhausted most of the recommended solutions and have spent too much time on this. Its driving me nuts!! please can someone help, I have finally given up (sigh). The following are some outputs from Boot-Repair from my last attempts.

http://paste.ubuntu.com/1019227

http://paste.ubuntu.com/1019264

I was only allowed to post two links being a newbie.

The only thing left for me to do is the flying Samoan dropkick laptop trick.

Thanks in advance.

Francis.

IF you are attempting to install Ubuntu "within" Ubuntu, you ran into the same problem I did.  I then did the installation withing WINDOWS and everything worked perfectly.
Try that.

You can try contacting the Boot-Repair support team.

Their email appear after using the tool.


restarting of Ubuntu 14.04 installation using virtual box I am installing Ubuntu 14.04 on the virtual box, and after the installation completes, it says that the computer needs to be restarted to complete the installation. There is a restart now button beneath that and when I click on it, a error message appears that "oracle virtual box has stopped working". When I again open the machine through virtual box, it again asks for installation. Why is this happening?

I am using version 4.3.8 r92456 Virtual box and my host system is windows 8.

Also, when I open Ubuntu for installation, there is an option of trying Ubuntu without installing it. I clicked on that to use Ubuntu, and it was extremely slow on virtual box. This has happened earlier as well when I installed a previous version of Ubuntu, it was extremely slow and was lagging. I have enabled the 3D acceleration from settings, but I guess it doesn't help. What might be wrong?

detach the ubuntu ISO file / DVD drive from virtualbox and restart it. this should suffice to get you back to ubuntu you have already installed.

First change the boot device order in BIOS ,Then try


Disable removable device notification for hard drives I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 with two hard drives.

The second drive is set to mount to /home/myuser/DATA and it mounts OK. However gnome shows a 'Removable Devices' item in notification area which lists my hard drive with the unmount button.

How do I make Ubuntu to treat the second hdd like the system one, without suggesting me to unmount it in the notification area?

The solution is to change the mount point to /mnt/"something". Modify your fstab and it shouldn't show the unmount option any longer.

Then you may bind mount it to the directory you want:

UUID=your_uuid_here /mnt/DATA ext4       defaults        0       2
/mnt/DATA             /home/yrogirg/DATA   none bind 0 0

Modify your /etc/fstab adding a line as follows:

UUID=[your second hdd UUID] /               ext3    errors=remount-ro,user_xattr 0       1

You may want to change "/" with a different mount point or ext3 with the correct file system.


Google Chrome fails to open profile correctly on Xubuntu 14.04 On running Google Chrome, then a while later exiting all screens (using the top-right [X]) on each, I notice that the /opt/google/chrome/chrome process still persists, along with very many (20+) other sub-processes/threads.

On occasion, while these processes are still running and no Chrome windows are open, executing /usr/bin/google-chrome %U via a desktop launcher icon will:

Open four Chrome windows in quick succession;
Report the following error for each new window:

If I dismiss all the error messages, close all the Chrome windows, terminate all the Chrome processes, then run the same command again, everything works fine. It is only on occasion when the processes are already running does this occur.

It is unclear to me where to check/set permissions on the profile. Can anyone point me in the right direction to fix or avoid this problem?

UPDATE

This question suggests the problem lies in the syncing of passwords. I have tried disabling this, but the problem persists.

This seems to be a bug in the current build 41.0.2272.x on Linux. What has worked for me is to rename/remove the "Web Data" file in your default profile. ~/.config/google-chrome/Default/ Unfortunately this is a temp fix as a new update will just revert the issue.

I could fix it with using these commands

sudo chmod -R 777 ~/.cache/google-chrome ~/.config/google-chrome


Is there a derivative that uses a Rolling Release model? There were so many discussions about an Ubuntu with RR. They were so many pros and contras. At the end ubuntu wont be changed, the 6 month cycle system wont be changed. Thats fine!

But because there are so many people who would like to use an ubuntu with RR Im asking myself why isnt there an Ubuntu Derivate with RR. I couldnt found one, there are a loooot of Ubuntu Derivates but no RR. Is it just impossible? I mean Ubuntu = 6 months cycle, so the derivate have to be a 6 month cycle too? Is there no other option? Or are there already some smart guys trying to solve this problem? Thank you!

There is no official rolling release, all the supported Ubuntu derivative releases (Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, Edubuntu, Ubuntu Studio and Mythbuntu) are based on the Ubuntu release schedule, 6 months per released version and 1 LTS version every 2 years.

There are many rolling releases with unstable Debian based, ie:

Aptosid
Linux Mint LMDE
AntiX

The closest that you will find from a rolling release supported by the Ubuntu base and using Ubuntu packages is +1, run it always on alpha or beta.

There is nothing wrong with assuming that Ubuntu +1 is something like a rolling release except for the fact that there is an EOL for the versions and once a version is released you have to force the system to use Ubuntu +1 again. It does not really fit the criteria for the name rolling release.

It's not a rolling release per se, but is the closest you will get.

Rolling releases (by definition) goes against what Ubuntu fights for every 6 months, basically before each release, packages are imported from Debian Unstable continuously and merged to the Ubuntu repos with modifications done for Ubuntu. A month before release, imports are frozen, and packagers then work to ensure that the frozen features interoperate well together.

Its a lot of work to be done and supply you with stable packages.

To move your system to the next release use the command sudo update-manager -d, it will allow you to install the packages from the future release

You will receive constant updates for this until the version is really released in April 2012, after that you will be able to apply the command again and update to the next future release after a couple of days.

Please note that this is not the intent of Ubuntu and that (as mostly any rolling release) the packages might break your system. If you are not so familiar with recovering a broken system this is not really advisable. Having said that I have to explain that depending on the skills some Ubuntu users "live" on Ubuntu +1 (mostly bug catchers and developers, but they exist).

In the end, it's up to you: the unstable world of Ubuntu +1 or the stable comfortable sight of updated stable packages every 6 months.

For now, you might want to try Bodhi Linux. It is a Partly Rolling Release & is Ubuntu based.


Does anyone know why apt-cacher-ng always downloads an index file (Packages.gz) even though its exist on the apt-cacher-ng's cache? I just updated from 11.04 to Ubuntu 12.04 by doing a fresh install.

I installed apt-cacher-ng and notice something strange about it.  It's always downloading an index file (Packages.gz) even though the file exists in the apt-cacher-ng's cache.

This is what exactly happened :

On Ubuntu 10.10 & 11.04

apt-cacher-ng installed & configured on my laptop, then I reload and install some packages
After that I configure my friend's laptop with apt-cacher-ng proxy (192.168.1.1:3142), reloading repository was blazingly fast, finished in a second without using my Internet connection (checked on system monitor, total Received just 15kB)

On Ubuntu 11.10 & 12.04

apt-cacher-ng installed and configured on my laptop, then I reload and install some packages
After that I configure my friend's laptop with apt-cacher-ng proxy (192.168.1.1:3142), reloading repository was really slow!, apt-cacher-ng redownload the index file from the Internet.

The unexpected redownloads you experience are most likely caused by this bug in the archive infrastructure:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1001780

Every two hours all packages files are updated to the current date. Thus they count as new, even with unchanged content, and get downloaded again. This also affects the main distribution packages files which usually remain unchanged until a point release.

Please tick "this bug affects me too" on the launchpad page, if possible.

In the apt-cacher-ng dashboard (open http://localhost:3142/acng-report.html), there is an option called "Force the download of index files (even having fresh ones)". It is probably turned on.


Why do we have non-free software in the official repositories? The Ubuntu wiki describes the "sections" of the official Ubuntu repositories as follows:

  Main - Officially supported software.

  Restricted - Supported software that
  is not available under a completely
  free license.

  Universe - Community maintained
  software, i.e. not officially
  supported software.

  Multiverse - Software that is not
  free.

I thought that software in the Ubuntu repositories had to be open source, however doesn't the description of the Multiverse directly contradicts this?

The software in Multiverse is "gratis", but not free. These are some examples of cases in which software would be appropriate in Multiverse:

The Software is not legal in every jurisdiction (DVD Decryption, ...)
It's software-patent encumbered (MP3 Codecs, ...)
It doesn't provide the user with all of the four essential Freedoms:

Run the program for any purpose.
Study how the program works, and change it to make it do what you want.
Redistribute copies at will.
Modify the program, and release modified versions.

Note that those do not include a requirement that modified version be released with a license that grants the same freedom. This is called copyleft, and it's seperate from pure free software.
There are issues with the licensing (like missing, unclear or invalid copyright notices)
Any of the above is disputed or unclear

As htorque quotes, "The onus is on you to verify your rights to use this software ".

Note also: much of the software in Ubuntu enters the repositories through being in Debian first, so the Debian Social Contract & The Debian Free Software Guidelines are of some relevance.

My answer is no

Now we should make it clear first as to what "free" means here. Are you talking about free of charge or free of use?

I believe open source concept is free of use, but it doesn't necessarily have to be free of charge as well.


Wireless internet connection wont work on dell n4010 on ubuntu 12.04.3 I just recently installed Ubuntu on my Dell N4010 but I can not connect to the internet with WiFi. I was wondering if anyone can help me with this problem.

Like Seth said in his comment above. Open a terminal (Ctrl + Alt + T) and type in the following at the prompt:

$ lspci | grep Network

That will tell you what wireless adapter you're running, at which point you can do a quick Google search to find the Linux drivers (assuming you have another machine capable of connecting to the internet).


How can I solve "chown: invalid user:" I installed Android Studio (ver 3.4). When I created AVD, it shows me a warning: /dev/kvm device: permission denied. Troubleshoot. I push "Troubleshoot", then it shows grant current user access to /dev/kvm.
I tried sudo adduser "user" or sudo chown "user" /dev/kvm, but it did not work and  return "invalid user" or some error?
How can I solve this problem?

Install kvm using command

sudo apt install qemu-kvm

then execute these commands

sudo adduser $USER kvm

sudo chown $USER /dev/kvm

restart system once done


Is there any way to make the filesystem larger when running from Live CD? I am packaging an application for ubuntu and the only reasonable repeatable test bed I've come up with is a machine running a live CD. I can't use a VM as the application requires 3d acceleration (VirtualBox's current solution doesn't cut it).

Unfortunately, the package is about 2GB, so it is unable to be installed, since the file system is around 4GB total. Just wondering if there's a way to increase the size of the file system in a way that would benefit what I'm trying to do?

Any further information about how Ubuntu live CD works out how large to create the FS?

The default LiveCD filesystem is stored entirely in RAM, so it's limited by how much physical RAM you have. I believe the default is to set it at ~50% of that number, striking a reasonable balance between temporary storage and enough memory to actually run stuff.

As the filesystem is necessarily very early on in the boot process, I believe it's setup by the kernel initramfs, so it would be difficult to change the ratio without building your own kernel.

Your best option is to switch to a LiveUSB and enable persistence, creating a multi-gigabyte on-disk file that will be used to store programs, downloads, etc. instead of RAM.

If you have a USB flash drive, you could install Ubuntu directly onto it from the live CD. Say you have a 8GB USB, the file system could use four, and Virtualbox can use the rest. If you have a larger USB, the better. Here is a link to the answer on how to install Ubuntu to a USB.

Hope this solves it.


Shell tab-completion for service command broken as root On most of our servers, tab completion of service names after typing in the service command no longer works, as root. It works just fine as non-root. This is on Ubuntu 12.04. I'm not sure how to approach troubleshooting this.

Demonstrating:

Tab completion works as the normal user zachary, who pressed tab to list completions in the first image:

But as user root, it doesn't list services as completions (only files):

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

This is disabled by default on Ubuntu.

Read your /root/.bashrc:

# enable programmable completion features (you don't need to enable
# this, if it's already enabled in /etc/bash.bashrc and /etc/profile
# sources /etc/bash.bashrc).
#if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ] && ! shopt -oq posix; then
#    . /etc/bash_completion
#fi

Bash completion is all commented out. Apparently there's a reason for it I'm not aware of (recovery single user mode perhaps?).

The reason for why it does work when you do sudo su, sudo -s, sudo bash is that it doesn't really run login to make you completely root. When running sudo su - or sudo -i it really does completely logs you in as that user. Here, by example of the environment variable $HOME, more of this difference:

gert@gert-laptop:~$ id
uid=1000(gert) gid=1000(gert) groups=1000(gert),4(adm),7(lp),24(cdrom),27(sudo),[...]
gert@gert-laptop:~$ echo $HOME
/home/gert
gert@gert-laptop:~$ sudo -s
root@gert-laptop:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@gert-laptop:~# echo $HOME
/home/gert
root@gert-laptop:~# exit
gert@gert-laptop:~$ sudo su -
root@gert-laptop:~# id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root)
root@gert-laptop:~# echo $HOME
/root

I had the same problem. What I tried is:

Run /usr/sbin/visudo as root user
Add this line to it then save and exit:

Defaults    secure_path = /sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin
Open new session and try to run command now

That's it; you have done it.


How do I connect to a WPA wifi network using the command line? So basically, I'd like to use iwconfig to connect to my wifi network when I'm not inside X. But I just don't see a way to do it in the man page. Any idea?

iw (list/config) can only handle WEP.

You need the wpasupplicant package which provides the wpa_supplicant command, install if necessary through sudo apt-get install wpasupplicant.

You put your SSID and password into /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf (requires sudo).

Example:

network={
    ssid="ssid_name"
    psk="password"
}

Assuming your interface is wlan0 you can connect with:

sudo wpa_supplicant -B -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -D wext
sudo dhclient wlan0

"wext" is a driver and that will be specific for each card; refer to wpa_supplicant -h. Examples:

hostap (default) Host AP driver (Intersil Prism2/2.5/3). (this can also be used with Linuxant DriverLoader).
hermes Agere Systems Inc. driver (Hermes-I/Hermes-II).
madwifi MADWIFI 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).
atmel ATMEL AT76C5XXx (USB, PCMCIA).
wext Linux wireless extensions (generic).
ndiswrapper Linux ndiswrapper.
broadcom Broadcom wl.o driver.
ipw Intel ipw2100/2200 driver.
wired wpa_supplicant wired Ethernet driver
roboswitch wpa_supplicant Broadcom switch driver
bsd BSD 802.11 support (Atheros, etc.).
ndis Windows NDIS driver.

I had trouble using wpa_supplicant directly to get on a wireless network. My network ID and password generated errors when I used the wpa_supplicant.conf file on the wpa_supplicant command line, e.g.

sudo wpa_supplicant -iwlan0 -c/etc/wpa_supplicant.conf -B

I was able to work around it with wpa_cli. The command sequence I had to use, since I am using a Windows driver with Linux ndiswrapper, is:

sudo modprobe ndiswrapper
sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "<My Network ID>" mode managed
sudo wpa_cli identity "<My Network ID>" password "<My password>"

I had the network set up by adding it in the wireless section of networking in the GUI, so
that I could click on the wired or wireless network icon and select the wireless provider
(which was sometimes necessary to complete the login).


GPG key errors for for older releases W: GPG error: http  //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 2
W: Failed to fetch http:  //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/Release.gpg  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]

W: Failed to fetch http:  //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/universe/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]

W: Failed to fetch http:  //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.170 80]

E: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

With regard to the "Failed to fetch" warnings, this is related to the 18-month EOL of Jaunty. The package repositories have moved to another server - from archive.ubuntu.com to old-releases.ubuntu.com. Try changing the your /etc/apt/sources.list accordingly, as shown in the sources.list in this page:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades/Jaunty

You don't need to actually upgrade your release, just change the APT sources.

I tried as per the instructions but it gave follwoing errors again on doing restore default it is showing null as during updateion from 9.04 to 9.10  in that process i delte the earlier keys ;-

how shall i retrive gpg keys for jaunty

Hit http: //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-updates/universe Sources
Hit http: //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-updates/main Sources
Hit http: //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-updates/multiverse Sources
Fetched 598B in 6s (88B/s)
W: GPG error: http: //security.ubuntu.com jaunty-security Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 2
W: GPG error: http: //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 2
W: GPG error: http: //archive.ubuntu.com jaunty-updates Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 2
W: Failed to fetch http: //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/universe/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]

W: Failed to fetch http: //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]

W: Failed to fetch http: //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/universe/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]

W: Failed to fetch http: //archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-updates/multiverse/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.171 80]

W: Failed to fetch http: //security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/jaunty-security/universe/i18n/Translation-en_IN.bz2  Error reading from server - read (104 Connection reset by peer) [IP: 91.189.92.166 80]

E: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.


Best format for an external HDD in 2019 to be used in MacOs, Windows 10 and Ubuntu Linux 19.04 I would like to have an external drive 2TB (USB 3 capable) in the best possible format to be able to write and read in the 3 operating systems.

What is the best to do for external hhd in 2019.

What is the best to do for external hhd in 2019.

fat, ext2 and ext3 are basically obsolete and ext4 is not accepted by Microsoft. You will have 2 options:

exFAT
NTFS

where exFAT has the best compatibility across all different systems (it is supported on MAC, Windows, Linux, Playstation and lots more) but will require installing the exfat driver on Linux.

The best one is FAT probably. FAT format is compatible with all operating systems.


Send programs from ubuntu partition to mint partition To begin sorry for my bad English (I speak french).

I had some problems from my Ubuntu system and for this I'm going to install Ubuntu mint on another partition to keep safe my data...
And I want to transfer some of my program from Ubuntu to mint, because I can't have internet all time (~500Gb of games and programs).

Is this possible?

I know with some terminal commands its possible du "update" installed programs list, but to transfer i don't know how to do.
I had try to copy the /use folder but the boot failed etch time when I used Debian

Thanks before :)

Do you have a separate /home partition under Ubuntu installation?
If yes, then install Linux Mint normally and direct it to use the /home as new /home (Don't format the partition)
If no, you can install Mint normally and mount the Ubuntu partition in your Mint file manager and use as is, no need to transfer data. You can copy-paste anything anywhere as per your requirement
For program transfers, your packages are stored in /var/cache/apt/archives/ (unless you cleaned it with apt-get clean), copy those .deb files to the Desktop of your Mint installation (use sudo for permission), then in Mint use 'sudo dpkg -i /home/Desktop *.deb'
For more info: https://superuser.com/questions/378686/when-you-do-apt-get-install-where-are-the-deb-files-stored

Hope it helps, thanks


Best virtualization solution for running Windows 7 as a guest? I depend upon Ubuntu for most of my work but I still need Windows 7 for some applications such as

Office 2010

Casual Gaming

Adobe CS4 and other windows softwares that are not available on Ubuntu yet.

I checked Wine but as of now it provides no support for Office 2010 and most of my games and softwares. So, I decided to go for Virtualizing Windows 7 inside Ubuntu, but I am confused about which virtualization software should I use on Ubuntu for virtualization.

"VirtualBox" is not a generic term. It only refers to one software product, that is VirtualBox.

As far as virtualisation software goes, yes, it's pretty good. You can (as I do) run Adobe CS4 applications in it just fine and the performance is still fairly good too.

While we're talking about virtualisation, I would perhaps suggest not installing Windows 7 as a virtualised "guest". You typically want the lightest possible operating system and for most modern support that's still Windows XP. If you have a license of that, you'll probably find it runs faster.

I'm not sure I'd bother with it for MS Office. Trying to keep yourself locked to Office is usually a recipe for failure. I strongly suggest you attempt a migration to something like OpenOffice or LibreOffice or even something internet-based like Google Documents (which adds on extra collaborative features).

Gaming in a virtualised environment is a no-go. It's just not fast enough. The virtual environment doesn't have direct access to the video hardware (because Ubuntu is using it) so any acceleration is software based (there is a 3D layer provided by Wine - but it's very slow and buggy).

If you want something for gaming you either go with:

Wine. Google for: "appdb your-game-here" and you'll find out how well it is supported. Performance is usually poorer than in Windows and some things just won't run well, if at all. But some games do run really quite well.
Dual Boot. You leave part of your disk dedicated to Windows so that you can still boot to it when you restart. This leaves you with the best gaming performance but it does mean you have to restart to play games and then restart again to get back to Ubuntu.

The important thing you should take away from this is: you don't need to pick just one route for migration. You can have VirtualBox for CS4 apps, native alternatives for Office and Dual boot or Wine for games. Each technology has its benefits and drawbacks and hopefully this will let you choose which is best for each.

VM Ware is also very good. It allows you to even activate the Windows 7 Aero theme feature.


Is network manager called from an /etc/init.d script? I want to run a script to set the hostname on a heavy customized liveUSB version of ubuntu 10.04 (customized means I'm not ready to update to latest version)

I need the script to run before the network manager calls dhclient.  Where is network manager invoked in the /etc/rc.d scripts?  If I add a script with update-rc.d with priority 05, will the script run before network manager invokes dhclient?

You can add your script to /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/


Memtest86+ does not work on efi system. Is there an alternative way? It shows "unknown command linux16" when I run memtest86+ on efi system.

Memtest doesn't work with an UEFI system, and don't try it with bios compatiblity mode! Insted you have to use the windows memory testing utility.


Connect simultaneously to mobile internet connection and wireless I have 4 ip cameras streaming to a local network, using a wireless router. I need to access these cameras from Ubuntu. This works fine when I am connected to the local network, but on the same PC I need to use a mobile internet connection to connect to the internet.

How can I connect simultaneously to mobile internet connection to use the internet and to my local wireless for viewing my IP webcams?

usually one physical wifi-adapter can only connect to one network at the same time... USUALLY, maybe you've a special one?!
if not you'll need a second (physical) wifi-adapter (connected by usb or whatever)... then you can connect to a second one.


Can't install g++ Ubuntu 14.04.3 I tried "sudo apt-get install g++"
I got a long string of

qtdeclarative5-qtfeedback-plugin is already the newest version.
gnome-power-manager is already the newest version.

Ending in:
    0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

However when I go back trying to run a program "g++ -o Hello Hello.cpp" but I get the

The program 'g++' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
   sudo apt-get install g++

EDIT:

apt-cache policy g++-4.8

    g++-4.8:
      Installed: (none)
      Candidate: 4.8.2-19ubuntu1
      Version table:
         4.8.2-19ubuntu1 0
            500 http://gr.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

sudo apt-get install g++-4.8

    Reading package lists... Done
    Building dependency tree
    Reading state information... Done
    Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
    requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
    distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
    or been moved out of Incoming.
    The following information may help to resolve the situation:

    The following packages have unmet dependencies:
     g++-4.8 : Depends: gcc-4.8-base (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) but 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04 is to be installed
               Depends: gcc-4.8 (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) but 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04 is to be installed
               Depends: libstdc++-4.8-dev (= 4.8.2-19ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
    E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Taken from the updates in your question, you have disabled the trusty-updates repository

Open Software & Updates, open the tab Updates and activate the check box for Recommended updates

Now install the package again

sudo apt-get install g++


Brightness control doesn't seem to work on a Toshiba Satellite M115 laptop I have Ubuntu 12.04 LTS on a Toshiba Satellite M115 laptop. The brightness control doesn't seem to work with the "brightness and lock" setting or fn+f6 and fn+f7 (which usually works in Windows). How can I adjust the brightness and/or access different power settings, so my computer isn't running on full power all the time?

I am not familiar with your particular model, but you can try some of these 'solutions'.

Add acpi_backlight=vendor to grub:

Open terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and type:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/grub

You will find this line in the new opened window:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

Change it to:

Example:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=vendor"

Note your entry may be different - only add the acpi_backlight=vendor.

After doing that, do:

sudo update-grub

If that does not get the Fn+F6 and Fn+F7 keys working, you can do this via the system settings as seen below:

try this to fix it. turn off computer, then remove battery and unplug the computer if plugged in. Now press and hold down the power on/off bottom for 15secs. This should reset your default computer settings, you will not lose anything on your computer. Now put battery back on and plug in your computer. Turn your computer on, hope this helped!

Matt Dang
NZ