How do I fix my installation of ATI Catalyst Video Driver in 12.04 LTS? My graphic card is a Mobility Radeon HD 4200 Series.
I tried the 2 answers from What is the correct way to install ATI Catalyst Video Drivers (fglrx) ?

But unfortunately, it does not work for my Mobility Radeon HD 4200

Note
when I raised this question in May 2012, there was only 2 answers to Stephen Myall's question, since then many answers have been added to his post, it is the master post about this subject

Update of the solution (18 nov 2012)

because new drivers are available in ATI website.
Solution in 12.04LTS is then:

Uninstall ATI driver

$ sudo sh /usr/share/ati/fglrx-uninstall.sh --force   (if file is existing)
$ sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx_* fglrx-amdcccle* fglrx-dev*

Install free driver

$ sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf
$ sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 libgl1-mesa-dri:i386 xserver-xorg-core
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure xserver-xorg

Reboot

$ sudo reboot

Download ATI driver

Check what is your Graphic Card: lspci -v | grep -A 12 VGA

Download the appropriate driver for your machine here from the AMD/ATI Website .
File should be something like amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.run

If you are looking for old driver 12.6, today (Jan 2015) it is not available anymore in AMD website. Solution is to to search it in mirror websites.

Create a folder

$ mkdir ~/catalyst12.6/
$ cd ~/catalyst12.6/

And move your downloaded driver in it.
Unzip it if needed.

$ unzip amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.zip

Install ATI driver

$ sudo apt-get install build-essential cdbs dh-make dkms execstack dh-modaliases fakeroot libqtgui4
$ sudo chmod +x amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.run
$ sudo sh ./amd-driver-installer-12.6-legacy-x86.x86_64.run --buildpkg Ubuntu/`lsb_release -sc`
$ sudo dpkg -i fglrx*.deb
$ sudo amdconfig --initial -f

Reboot and Check if installation is successful

$ sudo reboot
$ sudo fglrxinfo
   display: :0  screen: 0
   OpenGL vendor string: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
   OpenGL renderer string: ATI Radeon HD 4200 Series
   OpenGL version string: 3.3.11653 Compatibility Profile Context

It is all good, as you can see, after last reboot, fglrxinfo displays my ATI Graphic card correctly.

Thanks

I found this solution thanks to Pavel and his link

Note

I applied successfuly this solution on 3 PCs on 12.04LTS :
- one with a ATI Radeon HD 3400
- one with a ATI Radeon HD 4200
- one with a ATI Radeon HD 4350

Successfully on hybrid ATi Radeon HD 5650/Intel with driver version 12.10, Precise Pangolin 12.04.02 with configuration in BIOS select 'discrete' graphic. (Acer aspire 4745G)

Remove catalyst center.
Repair flrgx.
Purge flrgx.
Reinstall ati.


How to upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to 15.04? I have problem with wifi drivers. Connection is very unstable. My laptop is ASUS K550J, with SSD disk and double ram.
Is it possible that Ub 15.04 comes with more or better wifi drivers?
Should I upgrade to Ub 15.04? And how to?

(tip: change the title in something more directly related to problems with wifi drivers. That's what you're actyally trying to solve)

In general, better/different drivers are not necessarily tied to the Ubuntu release you're using. In fact you may be able to install the same driver on different Ubuntu release.

Since you asked it: to upgrade to the latest Ubuntu release, use the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo do-release-upgrade


Ubuntu kernel sources - git and apt-get inconsistency? I am trying to build Ubuntu kernel, following the instructions on ubuntu BuildYourOwnKernel.

I am interested to use git so I can easily branch and backtrack my errors. I got a version using git like so:

git clone git://kernel.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ubuntu-xenial.git

This creates the directory ubuntu-xenial/ But unfortunately the build failed.

Running
    head ubuntu-xenial/Makefile

Gives:

VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 4
SUBLEVEL = 30
EXTRAVERSION =
NAME = Blurry Fish Butt

On the other hand, getting a versions using apt-get:

apt-get source linux-image-$(uname -r)

Creates linux-4.4.0/
And surprisingly, the versions differ.

Running
    head linux-4.4.0/Makefile

Gives:

VERSION = 4
PATCHLEVEL = 4
SUBLEVEL = 35
EXTRAVERSION =
NAME = Blurry Fish Butt

4.4.35 is not in the git.

My question is: where do I find the updated git repository of the current version?

Or at least a version that will not fail make.

Your best source for kernel sources is https://www.kernel.org/
These are unmodified by Canonical.

Canonical applies various patches to the kernels they distribute for Ubuntu when they compile it. These patches can be seen in their public kernel repos by kernel release:
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/
and examining the *.patch files under respective directories.

Whether these patches add a benefit or not is up for debate.

The following repo with help with installing newer kernels, or alternatively compiling same:
https://github.com/mtompkins/linux-kernel-utilities

I recognize you are asking specific to a git repo but I believe the above provides a reasonable answer. Instead of a git pull you would download the compressed files, extract, and continue.

This would ensure you are compiling from a snapshot at a time where compilation is expected to succeed. In my view, compiling with a git source is for kernel developers as there will be expected intermediate issues between point releases.


How to find and change the screen DPI? I am trying to find and then change the screen DPI (dots per inch) setting in 12.04 and 12.10. However, I can't seem to find any app or config file that can do this. Is there any app or conf file for this?

Note that this is for 12.04+ so the following will not work:

How do I change the font DPI settings?
How to change the screen DPI in 11.10?
Is it possible to change font DPI in 11.04?

Moreover, they are basically changing the font size, not the actual screen DPI.

This is an updated version of my previous answer which was related to Ubuntu 12.04. In 16.04 (Xenial) 3 steps are needed to set DPI correctly instead of 2.

I'll explain on the example of the system with Ubuntu 12.04 with Gnome Classic and a monitor with resolution 1680x1050. My starting settings: xdpyinfo | grep dots reported 96x96 dots , xrdb -query | grep dpi reported Xft.dpi: 96 , grep DPI /var/log/Xorg.0.log reported some weird settings NOUVEAU(0): DPI set to (90, 88).

In 16.04 the outputs of all these 3 commands were consistent and were equal to 96. Though such consensus is better than the disorder of 12.04, the reported value is hardcoded and far from the real DPI value.

Let's calculate optimal DPI for my monitor. Actual size of the screen can be found with the command xrandr | grep -w connected (convert output to centimetres) or with a long ruler by hand. In my case: X = 47.4cm ; Y = 29.6cm. Divide them by 2.54 to get the size in inches: X ~ 18.66in ; Y ~ 11.65in. Lastly divide the actual dots amount (based on your resolution) by the size in inches: X = 1680/18.66 ~ 90dpi ; Y = 1050/11.65 ~ 90dpi. So my real dpi is 90.

Be warned, the manual method of measuring may be more accurate, than the output of the command xrandr | grep -w connected because the newer versions of X server ignore the size reported by EDID and calculate the size using the screen resolution and a hardcoded value of DPI (more info here).
Another method how to find the size of the monitor is to read its EDID directly. Install read-edid package and run the command sudo get-edid | parse-edid | grep DisplaySize in the terminal. Its output will give you the actual size of your monitor in millimetres. If not - use the ruler.

Let's start fixing DPI:

1) In 12.04 run gksudo gedit, open /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf and add a parameter under [SeatDefaults] section:

xserver-command=X -dpi 90

There's no such file in 16.04 by default, so you must create lightdm.conf manually and put it into /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/. The contents of this file are the same:

[SeatDefaults]
xserver-command=X -dpi 90

Restart your computer or restart X. Now grep DPI /var/log/Xorg.0.log will  show the desired setting.

2) In my former answer I proposed to create a file in /etc/X11/Xsession.d/ containing string xrandr --dpi 90. This worked in 12.04, but in 16.04 this setting isn't persistent. In newer systems we can add the desired value on session start. Run "Startup Applications", press "Add" button, name it "Fix DPI" and set the command xrandr --dpi 90 in the field. Save the changes and re-login. Now xdpyinfo | grep dots will report 90x90 dots.

If xdpyinfo still shows 96 then add a timeout before running xrandr. Edit the command in "Startup Applications" and change it to:

bash -c "sleep 15; xrandr --dpi 90"

Reference

Step 2 is optional for 12.04 because in older systems Step 1 fixes both Xorg.0.log and xdpyinfo values.

3) In GNOME3 DPI setting is hardcoded to 96 and cannot be changed directly, but the text can be scaled instead. Calculate the desired multiplier: desired_DPI / 96 (in my case 90/96 = 0.9375). Now run the command (or use dconf if you prefer):

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 0.9375

Changes will be applied at once. xrdb -query | grep dpi will report the desired Xft.dpi: 90.

P.S. There is another method to fix DPI setting which is much more difficult and it is described in this guide. I tried it also and the result was the same (at least in 12.04).

Afterword: Only Ubuntu developers can say for certain whether values modified by Steps 1 & 2 really matter in modern Ubuntu or they are silently ignored. Only Step 3 produces the changes which are instantly noticeable. Those users who consider that certain apps may still rely on X server settings are encouraged to perform all 3 steps described above. For the rest Step 3 is sufficient - that's the sole way of customization adopted in modern Ubuntu distros.

You can't actually change the physical ppi of your monitor.  The real ppi is the actual hardware ppi, however most software will assume a ppi of 72 dpi for historical reasons, though 96 dpi is not uncommon now.

You can change the resolution of the monitor, which changes the translated ppi, and you can change things like the font size.

If you install MyUnity you can change the font DPI, amongst other things.

If you had a true 1024x768 pixel (resolution) monitor and it was true 72dpi, it would be about a 17" monitor.  If you set a font size of 72 then a character would be 1" high.  If you set the display to 800x600 resolution then the font would be larger, while setting 1600x1200 would make the font appear smaller.


How can I open a range of ports in ubuntu using (g)ufw I have to open up a group of ports.

Adding the single ports to (g)ufw was easy enough but I can't work out how to open the range 11200-11299.

How do I do that?

You can specify port ranges to ufw (the command-line one), using : (colon) to separate the lowest and the highest port in the range.  For example:

ufw allow 11200:11299/tcp

Note that the protocol part (/tcp or /udp) is mandatory with port ranges.

This works at least since Ubuntu 10.04.

The cleanest command line way I've seen is a little script like this:

for i in `seq 11200 11299`; do
  ufw allow $i
done


Should I be concerned about disable SELinux? ** (gnome-system-monitor:18284): WARNING **: SELinux was found but is not enabled.

SELinux is a security feature for Linux distributions.  It is not typically used in Ubuntu, which includes a different product, apparmor, which has similar goals.

These tools put restrictions on what various applications (such as daemons) can do, in order to provide additional security against intrusion.

Apparmor is enabled by default in Ubuntu but some profiles are not enforced.

More information about Apparmor is available here.

Don't install selinux there is a bug that doesn't load selinux properly.
But, install apparmor

sudo apt-cache search apparmor

sudo apt-get install apparmor

sudo apt-get install apparmor-utils

sudo apt-get install apparomr-profiles


Making ip commands persistent I want to use the ip-command to change my network config occasionally. How can I make these commands persist across boots? I am using Kubuntu 19.10...
Thanks for your help

Thanks a lot for helping!
After some more "digging" I came across the fact that Ubuntu has changed to Netplan for doing network configuration. So - I defined the interface using file
/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml .
Everything is fine now...

Without seeing an example command it's difficult to give an absolute solution, but generally speaking if you want a command to execute for every boot or login, there are locations for said command to live.

For example, you could put a command into your ~/.bashrc for execution each time your user logs into either the system or any terminal session.  To do the same for all users, you could add that command to the /etc/bash.bashrc file instead.

If this is a system-level command (rather than a user-level command) there are different locations which may be more appropriate.

Changing the commands would then be a matter of editing the file(s) where they were stowed.


After a power failure, unable to mount the drive "Get a newer version of e2fsck" I have a desktop computer with Ubuntu Desktop 14.04.4 LTS 64-bit with an attached HDD USB 3.0 4TB Intenso 1 partition ext4 data drive only (no OS or Apps).
After a sudden power failure, I am unable to mount the drive (checked different host Linux machines with no result).

error message:

sudo mount /dev/sdd1 /mnt
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdd1,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error
       In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
       dmesg | tail  or so

Tried with fsck, e2fsck with no result. The error message says "Get a newer version of e2fsck".

Tried with all available superblocks backups with no result.

Tried offline file/drive Linux checkers on the offline and UNmounted volume with no result.

Finally, I received the following error message for which I couldn't find any help online:

"has unsupported feature(s): metadata_csum".
e2fsck 1.42.9 (4-Feb-2014)
/dev/sdd1 has unsupported feature(s): metadata_csum
e2fsck: Get a newer version of e2fsck!

Can anyone help me take my data back?

I had the same problem and it took me some time to fix it, without formatting :)

Just follow this hint:

  e2fsck: Get a newer version of e2fsck!

You need to download the latest version of e2fsck, compile it and then use this version.

Here are some steps to follow (use 1.43.1 or newer):

wget http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/e2fsprogs/e2fsprogs/v1.43.1/e2fsprogs-1.43.1.tar.gz
tar xzf e2fsprogs-1.43.1.tar.gz
cd e2fsprogs-1.43.1
./configure # <== if this step fail, check the config.log file, it could just be that you are missing the "libc6-dev" package on your system
make
cd e2fsck/
./e2fsck

Voila!

You can compile source code and install latest version of e2fsck.

Clone repository that contains e2fsck source code.

git clone https://github.com/tytso/e2fsprogs.git

Make sure that you have necessary tools install to compile source code.

sudo apt install build-essential

Create directory for build.

cd e2fsprogs && mkdir build && cd build

Compile source code and install latest e2fsck.

../configure && make && cd e2fsck && sudo make install


VLC installation error with 'broken packages' For whatever reason VLC disappeared. I really can't remember if it were something I did or some weird update. Whatever the case the program wasn't opening but I could see that it was still installed. I purged it and I've been trying to get it re-installed ever since.

sudo apt install vlc gives the following output:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies.
 vlc : Depends: libgles1-mesa (>= 7.8.1) but it is not going to be installed or
                libgles1
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

This didn't feel right. So I google broken package errors for solutions and most commonly it was running sudo apt clean or doing it from within Synaptic. I've done both to no avail.

Next I assume the package does need to be installed, I open up Synaptic and search for this libgles... find the packages, hit install...error. This package depends on libglapi-mesa, I search for it and find that it's already installed. At this point I've followed the rabbit hole and don't know where to go now.

http://imgur.com/a/rNfMY

I had a similar problem after a Synaptic update this morning. VLC was removed as part of that update. When I tried to reinstall, I ran into the unmet dependency problem with libgles1-mesa. I was able to reinstall VLC after I purged the ubuntu-x-swat PPA, which I had added to my system. I am currently running Lubuntu 16.04.02 LTS. You might want to check if that PPA is in your repositories.

I don't know the solution in this scenario but I went ahead and upgraded to 16.10. Tried all these steps again and no change. I thought I may as well update to 17.04 seeing as I already don't have everything set up the way I want and I would upgrade to anyway when it's released. Repeating the steps again it now works in 17.04. So as stated I'm not sure how this solved the problem but it has in my situation, your mileage may vary.


GNOME-Boxes vs VirtualBox Which would be "faster" more "responsive" virtual machine software? GNOME-Boxes or VirtualBox?

GNOME Boxes is a graphical user interface similar to virt-manager aimed to access virtual machines based on Qemu or for viewing remote desktops:

  That said, Boxes will be sharing a lot of code-base with virt-manager project, mainly in the form of libvirt, libosinfo (not yet used by virt-manager) and qemu.GNOME

Therefore it is not expected that there will be any performance improvements in comparison with existing virtualization software listed here. It may however be easier to access you virtual machines from GNOME. There is also a question on this topic here.

From my experience Virtual Box is so easy to handle that it does not really need any user interface other than the one provided. It also has the advantage of a being a cross- platform application.

The question is whether Gnome Boxes or VirtualBox will be "faster" or "more responsive"...AFAIK there is too little information available about Gnome Boxes at the moment to draw a conclusion. Keep up with the news and see how Gnome Boxes will shape up.


PHP5.4 Unable to load dynamic library gd.so undefined symbol: gdGetC I installed PHP5.4 from PPA ppa:ondrej/php5-oldstable in my Ubuntu 12.04.2.

Then all of my image processing scripts got broken. Turns out the php5-gd library isn't loaded.

$ php -a
PHP Warning:  PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php5/20100525/gd.so' - /usr/lib/php5/20100525/gd.so: undefined symbol: gdGetC in Unknown on line 0
Interactive mode enabled

Here's some package installed in my machine related to GD (hope might help, let me know if you need to know details of other packages):

ii  libgd2-xpm                                    2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6ubuntu2                GD Graphics Library version 2
ii  libgd2-xpm:i386                               2.0.36~rc1~dfsg-6ubuntu2                GD Graphics Library version 2
ii  libgd3                                        2.1.0-2~precise+1                       GD Graphics Library
ii  php5-gd                                       5.4.17-4+debphp.org~precise+1           GD module for php5

Is there any way to fix this?

The real culprit is the fact that PHP 5.4 GD extension is not compatible with libgd (>= 2.1.0).  Since the gd.so is an dynamic extension it's not possible to detect the missing symbols at compile time.

Anyway the php5-oldstable has been updated:

libgd 2.1.x has been removed
new php5 has been updated with forced dependency on libgd 2.0.x

E.g. this bug has been fixed in php5 5.4.17-5+debphp.org~+1 (some dists are still building at the time of writing this answer).

sudo apt-get install php5-gd worked for me after I had to switch from stable to old-stable due to an older apache.


Eclipse not working in 16.04 Eclipse was working as good as anything on 14.04. I did a clean install of 16.04 and installed Eclipse. But it runs a Java program only once after which it just hangs during subsequent attempts before I remove and reinstall it. I have tried many things, since in the beginning I needed CDT as well. Right now, I just want to remove everything related to eclipse and do a fresh install (remove all the configs and dependencies). Please note that I used Eclipse installer to install Eclipse and the eclipse icon image is also not appearing (the default ubuntu ? is appearing).

I had something the same with 16.04 and Eclipse Mars. I thought it had frozen but in fact it was running very, very slowly. The problem is the version of GTK+ 3, shipped with 16.04. Fortunately the solution is very easy. Open a terminal and then type export SWT_GTK3=0, then start Eclipse from the terminal. If that works, then a more persistent fix is to put the 2 lines below, as they appear in your eclipse.ini:

--launcher.GTK_version
2

before the line:

--launcher.appendVmargs

The bug is filed with Ubuntu at bug 1552764

By starting the application from the command line (the terminal) it is sometimes possible to get more information about why the program fails to start. For example (assuming that eclipse is in your path, otherwise start it from the folder where it is installed/unpacked):

user@machine:~$ eclipse
Unrecognized VM option 'MaxPermSize=256m'
Error: Could not create the Java Virtual Machine.
Error: A fatal exception has occurred. Program will exit.

In this case it looks like the line

-XX:MaxPermSize=256m

in the file eclipse.ini is the problem. Simply remove that line (create a backup of the eclipse.ini file first) and try to start the program again.

Above solution worked on Eclipse Version: Mars.2 Release (4.5.2) on a machine upgraded from 15.10 to 16.04


Cannot reboot to Ubuntu from Microsoft Been using for years.  New Dell laptop and I left the MS OS on the computer and loaded Ubuntu 16.04.2.  I then switched at boot to Microsoft, and now the computer will not reboot back to Ubuntu.  How do I get back to my Ubuntu OS!?!?

windows likes to put itself at the top of the boot order. a work arond is this:

boot from a live CD. install efibootmgr.

find the file /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi. copy it to /efi/boot/bootx64.efi. if the file is there already overwrite it. this makes grub the default loader.

next use efibootmgr to delete all entries in the boot list. restart you computer, be sure ubuntu is the fiirst OS you boot into so it is placed in the first slot.


ZFS with HWE kernel? For various reasons, we have to keep a server running on Ubuntu 16.04 LTS for a while, but with HWE kernel.
I have now noticed that this leads to the effect that the ZFS kernel module is 0.7.5, but zfsutils-linux is 0.6.5.
Is this safe? Is there a clean, recommended way to get zfsutils to 0.7.5, too?

I've been looking at the packages you say.

zfs-dkms (0.6.5.6-0ubuntu27)
zfsutils-linux (0.6.5.6-0ubuntu27)

These are the ones that are available for your version.

If you install them from a PPA, it is not a good idea for a server in production.

And it is advisable to have both packages paired with the same version.

I would use the version from the Ubuntu repositories, unless you need and consider that version 0.7.3 is the right one for your server


Boot directly from grub2 I'm having some issues with the boot on my laptop. I have partitioned my HD, and installed Windows 8 first and Ubuntu 12.10 then, both for 64 bits versions.

The problem is, when I boot, the boot loader is the one of microsoft, and I want it to go directly to the grub2.

I've customized the grub2 and set it as the default, but it still boots from the microsoft boot loader.

Any help? Thank you.

You have more than one  right?
Check the boot order in your Bios and select Linux storage as primary. If this does not work reinstall the Linux, it will repopulate the grub and should be fine.


Poor performance with RX 480 on Ubuntu 16.10 I have installed RX 480 (by XFX) today and for some unknown reason the performance is abysmal. AMDGPU-PRO driver (16.60-379184) installed without a hint of any problem, I have added myself to video user group, rebooted, everything seemed perfect, but when I ran DiRT Rally, I got hardly 30 FPS at a MEDIUM setting. I tried another games and they all run unusually slowly - as if was still running my old GTX 460.

Do you guys PLEASE have any idea what might be the problem here?

These are my specs (taken from Steam system info):

Processor Information:
    CPU Vendor:  GenuineIntel
    CPU Brand:  Intel(R) Core(TM) i7 CPU         920  @ 2.67GHz
    CPU Family:  0x6
    CPU Model:  0x1a
    CPU Stepping:  0x4
    CPU Type:  0x0
    Speed:  2668 Mhz
    8 logical processors
    4 physical processors
    HyperThreading:  Supported
    FCMOV:  Supported
    SSE2:  Supported
    SSE3:  Supported
    SSSE3:  Supported
    SSE4a:  Unsupported
    SSE41:  Supported
    SSE42:  Supported
    AES:  Unsupported
    AVX:  Unsupported
    CMPXCHG16B:  Supported
    LAHF/SAHF:  Supported
    PrefetchW:  Unsupported

Operating System Version:
    Ubuntu 16.10 (64 bit)
    Kernel Name:  Linux
    Kernel Version:  4.8.0-46-generic
    X Server Vendor:  The X.Org Foundation
    X Server Release:  11804000
    X Window Manager:  Compiz
    Steam Runtime Version:  steam-runtime-beta-release_2016-12-05

Video Card:
    Driver:  ATI Technologies Inc. AMD Radeon (TM) RX 480 Graphics

    Driver Version:  4.5.13468 Compatibility Profile Context 16.60.3
    OpenGL Version: 4.5
    Desktop Color Depth: 24 bits per pixel
    Monitor Refresh Rate: 60 Hz
    VendorID:  0x1002
    DeviceID:  0x67df
    Revision Not Detected
    Number of Monitors:  1
    Number of Logical Video Cards:  1
    Primary Display Resolution:  1600 x 1200
    Desktop Resolution: 1600 x 1200
    Primary Display Size: 16,06" x 12,05"  (20,08" diag)
                                            40,8cm x 30,6cm  (51,0cm diag)
    Primary VRAM: 8192 MB

Sound card:
    Audio device: Realtek ALC1200

Memory:
    RAM:  22083 Mb

Miscellaneous:
    UI Language:  English
    LANG:  en_US.UTF-8
    Microphone:  Not set
    Steam Controller Cable and Base:  Not set
    Total Hard Disk Space Available:  211915 Mb
    Largest Free Hard Disk Block:  174146 Mb
    VR Headset: None detected

I do not have the amdgpu-pro drivers but I noticed that for some reason my RX580 does not ramp up the clock an memory speed when i start to play a game and i need to manually ramp it up.

sudo su

this tells you what clock speed you are at, mine typically sits at 300 and 300

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info

This tells you if you are on auto or high

cat /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

this forces your gpu to clock it self high... so you should run this before playing games

echo high > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

now check to see if your clock speeds are any faster

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info

Enjoy your new performance

this sets the gpu back to default low clock speeds.. do this when you exit game

echo auto > /sys/class/drm/card0/device/power_dpm_force_performance_level

this to check and make sure you are on auto

cat /sys/kernel/debug/dri/0/amdgpu_pm_info

The amdgpu-pro 16.60 driver doesn't officially support Ubuntu 16.04.  As of today, the 17.10 driver came out- this driver officially supports Ubuntu 16.04.2.

I have the RX 480 and have seen the same issues.  The 16.40 driver was passable.  The 16.60 driver was awful.  I'm about to find out of the 17.10 driver helps.  I'll follow up momentarily.


Block a command from sudo user I don't need an administrator to change my root password. I don't want any sudo user to execute this command:

sudo passwd $root

I have tried it in the sudoers file using the following command:

%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL, !/usr/bin/passwd $root

How can I block it?

According to sudoers manual:

   It is generally not effective to "subtract" commands from ALL using the
   ’!’ operator.  A user can trivially circumvent this by copying the
   desired command to a different name and then executing that.  For
   example:

       bill        ALL = ALL, !SU, !SHELLS

   Doesn’t really prevent bill from running the commands listed in SU or
   SHELLS since he can simply copy those commands to a different name, or
   use a shell escape from an editor or other program.  Therefore, these
   kind of restrictions should be considered advisory at best (and
   reinforced by policy).

This is why your sudoers policy doesn't work.

If you would like to prevent user to gain root permission and change its password, try this procedure:

Assuming your sudoers contains this directive:

 root    ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL
 %sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Assuming your user name is foo, his groups are foo and sudo. groups command output is:

foo sudo

Remove user foo from sudo group: gpasswd -d foo sudo after this, user foo can not run any command with sudo.
Edit sudoers file. Use this command:

sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/foo

Define user foo permission, for example:

foo ALL=/usr/bin, !/usr/bin/passwd, !/usr/bin/su

This means that user foo may run any commands in the directory /usr/bin/ except passwd and su command.
Note: If the user foo wants to change his password, can run passwd command without sudo.
Another example of user foo permission:

foo ALL =/usr/bin, /usr/bin/passwd [A-Za-z]*, !/usr/bin/passwd root

This means that user foo may run any commands in the directory /usr/bin/ and is allowed to change anyone’s password except for root on ALL machines.

You can define groups of command by define Cmnd_Aliases and create "levels of permissions". You can found useful examples in EXAMPLE section of sudoers manual, and here is a useful link about how to use sudoers.

add command alias via visudo:

Cmnd_Alias PASSWD=/usr/bin/passwd
Cmnd_Alias SU=/bin/su

add restrictions via visudo:

%nopasswdgroup ALL = ALL, !PASSWD, !SU

add user to group called nopasswdgroup:

usermod -aG nopasswdgroup nopasswduser


How to install Skype 4.3? Note: The legacy Skype for Linux application (v4.*) is now discontinued and was removed from Canonical’s partner repositories, so this question and its answers are obsolete. Please refer to a newer answer of our canonical Skype installation question.

Skype 4.3 is just released with considerable improvements. As a regular Skype user I want to use the latest Skype on my Ubuntu 14.04, but there is no updates from Update Manager. Even in Skype website only Skype 4.3 is available only for Ubuntu 12.04. Is there anyway to use this latest Skype on Ubuntu 14.04 or how much we have to wait for the update?

Step 1: Remove previous version.

sudo apt-get remove skype skype-bin:i386 skype:i386
sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386

It is Important if you installed older version of Skype on your Ubuntu, Clear the old Skype folder before installing latest version. Then clear that by using:

rm -rf ~/.Skype

Step 2: Preparing to Installing Skype.

Users of 64-bit Ubuntu, should enable MultiArch if it isn't already enabled by running the command

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

Update repositories and "updates" list:

sudo apt-get update

Optional, install GDebi (see below):

sudo apt-get install gdebi #(read Why you need to install gdebi...)

Step 3: Installing Skype

Method 1: Download and install from file

wget download.skype.com/linux/skype-ubuntu-precise_4.3.0.37-1_i386.deb
sudo gdebi skype-ubuntu-precise_4.3.0.37-1_i386.deb

Method 2: Install Skype from Canonical Partner Repository

So add the Canonical Partner Repository to "updates" list by following the command:

sudo add-apt-repository "deb http://archive.canonical.com/ $(lsb_release -sc) partner"

Then install Skype via the Software-Center or via the Terminal.

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install skype

source

Why you need to install gdebi instead of using dpkg or Ubuntu software center.

dpkg (for Debian package) is a software tool from the command line is responsible for installing, creating, deleting, and managing Debian (packets deb), the type of packets processed by Ubuntu. It also allows the Debian package management from sources outside the apt repositories.

To install packages, dpkg has a graphical interface, gdebi , you can use if you prefer to avoid the command line.

gdebi is an application installation and management of Debian (.deb) packages. This is a utility that works both in graphic mode console and allow the installation of packages outside of APT deposits : from a website, CD-ROM, portable media, etc.
It has the same functionality as apt-get or Ubuntu Software Center : it ensures that the package to be installed is compatible with the version and architecture of the Ubuntu system in which you try to install it, and also ensures that all dependencies required by the package are satisfied. Otherwise, the dependencies are downloaded from the Internet. Using tabs, gdebi also provides access to important information such as folder paths in which to install the various files from .deb package.

Finally gdebi is a lightweight deb packages installer which was the default in Ubuntu Desktop. Now Ubuntu uses Ubuntu Software Center which is slow and sometimes you get The package is of bad quality error.

Read more about GDebi:

To install a package you have downloaded from a website, rather than from a software repository. These packages are called .deb files. Because they may have been created for a different Linux distribution, you might find that there's dependency issues with Ubuntu, meaning that they may be uninstallable.

gdebi is a simple tool to install .deb files. It has a graphical user interface but can also be used in your terminal. It lets you install local deb packages resolving and installing its dependencies.. It automatically checks packages for their dependencies and will try to download them from the Ubuntu software repositories if possible. You may first need to install gdebi - simply install the gdebi package using one of the package managers like dkpg, Synaptic or open a Terminal and type sudo apt-get install gdebi.
Once you have installed gdebi, use the File Browser to find the package you want to install.

Double-click the package to open it with gdebi. If all dependencies have been met for the selected package, simply click the Install package button to install it. gdebi will warn you if there are unmet dependencies, which means that there's dependencies that aren't resolved in the repositories that you're using.

Install From Ubuntu Software Center

As of August 2, 2014, you can now install Skype 4.3 directly from the Ubuntu Software Center.

To do this, you must first enable the Canonical Partner Repository, using the following steps (based on steps provided by OMG! Ubuntu; see source):

  Search for and open ‘Software Sources’ or 'Software & Updates' in the Unity Dash
  Select the ‘Other Software’ tab
  Check/tick the boxes next to the two entries headed ‘Canonical Partners’
  Exit, and hit ‘Ok’ on the software reload prompt

Then search for Skype in the Ubuntu Software Center and install it as you would any other software.

(Source)

Install From Skype's Website

You can download the latest version of Skype as a .deb package directly from its website. Choose the 12.04 (multiarch) version if you're running Ubuntu 12.04 LTS or newer; it'll still work if you're on i.e. 14.04 LTS, because that's just what Microsoft lists as the minimum Ubuntu version.

Once you have it, run the following commands to ensure your system is clear of any previous installations:

sudo apt-get remove skype skype-bin:i386 skype:i386

Then double-click on the downloaded .deb file to open it in the Ubuntu Software Center and install it like any other software.

Afterwards, also run the following command in the terminal to ensure that support for the indicator menu is available:

sudo apt-get install sni-qt:i386

Now you can find Skype in the dash, run it and enjoy it!

(Source: WebUpd8)


sudo: /var/lib/sudo/navneet writable by non-owner (040777), should be mode 0700 This error occurs whenever I try to work with sudo. I changed the permissions of /var/ folder to 777 and I think this causes the error. Please help me get back a functional sudo and /var.

You have a really big problem, but not really for the reasons stated here.

Changing the permissions on all of /var will make it likely you will not get them all back correctly, because you will not know what permissions every file should have. You may have problems later. Depending on the circumstances, your problems might be security-related.

Therefore, you may wish to consider reinstalling Ubuntu. Alternatively, you can try to get the permissions from the files in another, similar, unbroken system. The permissions are usually the same. Usually. A more serious problem is that it's likely your system has some files in /var that are not present on the other one, so probably not all the permissions will be fixed.

Performing administrative tasks on a desktop system without a working sudo is usually trivially easy, though.

Changing the permissions back when you know what they should be is easy, and rarely requires booting into recovery mode or from a live CD. This is because, while it's not widely known, desktop versions of Ubuntu (and most other GNU/Linux operating systems these days) have two ways set up to perform administrative tasks:

sudo, which will not work because it requires the permissions in /var to be correct.
PolicyKit, which tends to be more tolerant of wrong permissions and usually still works.

While we tend to think of sudo as the way you perform actions as root on Ubuntu, actually PolicyKit is the way most, though not all, graphical utilities become root. (It has been this way for some years now.)

Actually, running a graphical program manually with PolicyKit is sometimes a significant undertaking as graphical applications must have special configuration files for PolicyKit to be willing to run them. But terminal applications don't -- it's just as easy to run a text-based command with PolicyKit as with sudo.

To do it, type pkexec where you'd otherwise type sudo. (They don't take all the same command-line options, but the most common syntax for sudo is sudo command, and pkexec works perfectly in its place.)

So, because sudo is broken, you cannot run:

sudo chmod 0755 /mnt/var/lib/sudo
sudo chmod 0700 /mnt/var/lib/sudo/<username>

But you can run:

pkexec chmod 0755 /mnt/var/lib/sudo
pkexec chmod 0700 /mnt/var/lib/sudo/<username>

That's a good start, and it will probably make sudo work again. (It's not going to fix all the other files in /var, though.)

Related (but, in most cases, not identical) situations where pkexec is helpful:
‣ How to modify an invalid /etc/sudoers file? It throws an error and it's not allowing me to edit again to fix it
‣ accidently blocked access to sudoers.d whilst trying to change ushare config
‣ 'sudo' not working after changing the permissions of '/usr' directory
‣ How to fix sudo after "chmod -R 777 /usr/bin"?, sudo error, is mode 0777, should be 0440,
           How to repair "sudo: /etc/sudoers is mode 0640, should be 0440?"
‣ Installing ZFS changed my sudoers file
‣ Password not working for sudo ("Authentication failure")
‣ Why does nothing work after I randomly changed some file permissions?
‣ changed /etc permission in oneiric (ubuntu11.10) by using "sudo chmod 665 /etc" cant use sudo now
‣ How do I run specific sudo commands without a password? (just if something goes wrong)
‣ Can't write /etc/sudoers from Ubuntu live CD (just if something goes wrong)

I had a similar error, but was still actually able to use sudo (It displayed the error message, and it did what I told it to do after that.), so I fixed it with:

sudo chmod -R 0700 /var/lib/sudo

(I was running Ubuntu 14.04)


Problem booting Ubuntu 16.04 with pre-installed Windows 8.1 on multi-hdd system I have pre-installed Windows 8.1 on a Haier-Y11B (core m machine) . My laptop has 32GB SSD and 500GB hard drive. SSD can be detached with tablet part of the laptop.  Windows is installed on SSD and there isn't enough space left for Ubuntu installation. After installing Ubuntu on hard drive, instead of opening the Grub menu, it opens a GRUB terminal.
Here is what I've tried so far with no success

Boot repair inside live ubuntu
Turning off secure-boot and fast start
Successfully running the following command in windows

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi

Apparently Windows Boot Manager can not mount from the hard drive and only looks into SSD because when I enter df command in live Ubuntu, it only shows the partitions of SSD.

Is there anything I am missing here?

It may be caused by the the absence of EFI System Partition configuration during the ubuntu installation.

When installing ubuntu you have to setup your partitions and indicate the place of the EFI System Partition or create it if there is none. In your case it should have been created by windows and it should be on the SSD.


How to install gnome 3.29.92 or 3.30 in Ubuntu 18.04? Is it possible to install gnome 3.29.92 or 3.30 in ubuntu 18.04?

Is there a PPA available?

Update: https://mail.gnome.org/archives/devel-announce-list/2018-September/msg00003.html

Yes, it is possible to upgrade any software you want from any ubuntu release if you're willing to do things a little unconventionally and have to deal with more complexity, potential risk and issues of compatibility.
I too could not upgrade to 18.10 as it breaks some essential software for me. On the other hand, Gnome 3.30 is by far superior to 3.28 and 3.26 in terms of stability and performance. Most especially true for Gnome Wayland which goes from disastrous to actually usable as of 3.30...
Here is the general gist of what I did:

temporarily modify apt repo list to use cosmic's repos instead of bionic.
update ONLY gnome shell to 3.30 and the files it needs to run in a stable manner and nothing more.
make a list of the files updated in 2.
undo step 1, so that the rest of the packages on the machine can use the LTS updates
the rest of the packages can be updated normally but the files I updated in 2 will need to be updated manually via a script that will be built with the list made in step 3.

I've made a very thorough tutorial on how to do this. Should you follow this closely, you should not have any trouble but know that there are no guaranties and that you are playing with things that could break an install, so backup your install before doing this or do this on a virtual machine to see how it goes for you.

Detailed Instructions (numbers don't correspond to the list above):
Prep
Unless I specify otherwise, assume all commands are in elevated privileges and that I just don't feel like typing sudo 100 times. To go into sudo mode enter:
sudo -H bash #or sudo su

Before doing anything, make sure all is in order by running:
apt-get --fix-broken install

Step 1
Make a copy of the original and temporarily modify the apt repository lists so that it checks the Cosmic repos for updates instead of the Bionic ones:
cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bionic
#make a cosmic version of the apt list
cat /etc/apt/sources.list.bionic| sed 's/bionic/cosmic/g' > /etc/apt/sources.list.cosmic
# set the apt list to cosmic
cp /etc/apt/sources.list.cosmic /etc/apt/sources.list

# backup your two list files to another directory - just in case some smart ass updater decides to delete them.
mkdir /etc/apt.bak
cp /etc/apt/sources.* /etc/apt.bak

Step 2
Update package lists and check for upgradable packages:
apt update
apt list --upgradable > upgradable

Step 3
Using grep, run a text based search for the numbers 3.30 and 3.28. This should only show you the updates related to the Gnome Shell. Additionally, you can  search for packages related to Wayland (essential!) and glib, gir, gtk (up to you). I really don't care about Xorg, as I think it's terribly insecure, but if you want to use gnome-x11, you can search for xorg packages to update as well. The idea behind this approach is to avoid upgrading too many packages to the Cosmic branch, because Cosmic only has 9 months of fixes and Bionic will have 5-10 years of security updates and fixes, so it is to your interest to keep as much of your system as possible on the Bionic line.
#updates directly related to 3.30 or needed by it.
cat upgradable | grep "3.30" | grep --color=NEVER "3.28" > upgradable-3.30 #this got me 78 packages
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "nautilus" >> upgradable-3.30 #if you endup choosing to do step 9, don't do this
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gdm" >> upgradable-3.30
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gnome-shell-extension-appindicator" >> upgradable-3.30
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gnome-shell-extension-ubuntu-dock" >> upgradable-3.30
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gvfs" >> upgradable-3.30
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "network-manager" >> upgradable-3.30

#wayland
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "wayland" > upgradable-wayland

#x11
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "xorg" > upgradable-xorg
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "x11" >> upgradable-xorg

Not sure how necessary the upgrades below are. I would imagine that the library packages needed for the healthy functioning of Gnome Shell 3.30 would be automatically downloaded if I install the files in uprgradable-3.30. I would say, try without them and if you feel it's not stable, install them.
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gnome-bluetooth" >> upgradable-3.30 #version change doesn't seem very for this one, maybe keep it on bionic
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gnome-keyring" >> upgradable-3.30 #version change doesn't seem very for this one, maybe keep it on bionic
cat upgradable | grep --color=NEVER -i "gnome" >> upgradable-3.30
cat upgradable  | grep --color=NEVER -i "gtk" > upgradable-libs
cat upgradable  | grep --color=NEVER -i "glib" >> upgradable-libs
cat upgradable  | grep --color=NEVER -i "gir" >> upgradable-libs

Each upgradable list should look something like this:
adwaita-icon-theme/cosmic,cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 all [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1]
baobab/cosmic 3.30.0-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1]
cheese/cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1]
cheese-common/cosmic,cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 all [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1]
etc... etc... etc...
You should be upgrading a max of 100 to 250 packages out of 1500
Step 4
Using sed, reformat the lists made in step 3 to turn this:
adwaita-icon-theme/cosmic,cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 all [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1]
baobab/cosmic 3.30.0-1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1]
cheese/cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 amd64 [upgradable from: 3.28.0-1ubuntu1]
cheese-common/cosmic,cosmic 3.30.0-0ubuntu1 all [upgradable
etc...etc.... etc..
into this:
apt-get install --assume-yes adwaita-icon-theme baobab cheese cheese-common etc... etc... etc..
cat upgradable-3.30             |  sed 's/\[//g'| sed 's/\/cosmic/\[/g'| sed 's/), /\] /g'| sed 's/)/\]/g'| sed -e 's/\[\([^]]*\)\]//g'|sed '/^\s*$/d'|sed "s/^/apt-get install --assume-yes /g" > up-3.30
cat upgradable-wayland             |  sed 's/\[//g'| sed 's/\/cosmic/\[/g'| sed 's/), /\] /g'| sed 's/)/\]/g'| sed -e 's/\[\([^]]*\)\]//g'|sed '/^\s*$/d'|sed "s/^/apt-get install --assume-yes /g" > up-wayland
#again, xorg is optional for those using it, don't upgrade it if you don't use it. You want to keep as many files as possible on the LTS track.
cat upgradable-xorg             |  sed 's/\[//g'| sed 's/\/cosmic/\[/g'| sed 's/), /\] /g'| sed 's/)/\]/g'| sed -e 's/\[\([^]]*\)\]//g'|sed '/^\s*$/d'|sed "s/^/apt-get install --assume-yes /g" > up-xorg
#same for the libs
cat upgradable-libs            |  sed 's/\[//g'| sed 's/\/cosmic/\[/g'| sed 's/), /\] /g'| sed 's/)/\]/g'| sed -e 's/\[\([^]]*\)\]//g'|sed '/^\s*$/d'|sed "s/^/apt-get install --assume-yes /g" > up-libs

make the newly created script executable
chmod +x up-*

Step 5
Taking note of the time and date before beginning, I used the results of 4 to update the packages that need updating:
date > upgrade-start
./up-3.30
./up-wayland

#etc...

#Install the Yaru themes (they're not included in 18.04 and are need in 3.30)
apt-get install yaru-theme-*

#as regular user (non-sudo), activate themes via:
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface gtk-theme 'Yaru' #or 'Yaru.dark'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface cursor-theme 'Yaru'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.interface icon-theme 'Yaru'
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.sound theme-name 'Yaru'
#or use gnome-tweaks to do it

#If you get any errors, run

apt-get --fix-broken install

date > upgrade-finished

#reboot your machine
reboot

Step 6
The files upgraded in 5 are no longer on the LTS update track. Meaning, when step 1 is undone and an update is initiated, the normal Bionic packages will update, but these ones will always be considered newer. Furthermore, any dependencies updated or installed in step 5 will be in the same situation. Updating these packages will require the creation of a script that will update them manually.
Let's use the apt history log file to figure out what files will need manual updating:
cp /var/log/apt/history.log ./cosmics-upgrade.log

Do nano cosmics-upgrade.log and delete any entries from before upgrade-start and those that are after upgrade-finished (in step 5).
Now, let's make a script that will manually upgrade our non-LTS packages for us:
echo '#!/bin/bash' > update-cosmics
echo 'cp /etc/apt/sources.list.cosmic /etc/apt/sources.list;apt update' >> update-cosmics

The next step will use sed to format the logs into something we can put in our update-cosmics file (same idea as in step 4).
cat cosmics-upgrade.log | sed 's/([^)]*)//g'| sed 's/,//g'|sed "s/End-Date:/# End-Date:/g"|sed "s/Start-Date:/\n\n\n# Start-Date:/g"|sed "s/Commandline: /# Commandline: /g"|sed 's/Install: /\napt-get install --assume-yes /g'|sed 's/Update: /\napt-get install --assume-yes /g'|sed 's/Remove: /\napt-get remove  --assume-yes /g'|sed 's/Upgrade: /\napt-get install  --assume-yes /g'|sed "s/Requested-By:/\n\n\n# Requested-By:/g" >> update-cosmics

Finally, add the following line to the very end of update-cosmics:
echo 'cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bionic /etc/apt/sources.list;apt update' >> update-cosmics

Make the script executable and move it to /usr/bin
chmod +x update-cosmics
cp update-cosmics /usr/bin

Step 7
Undo Step 1 to allow your system to perform updates normally.
cp /etc/apt/sources.list.bionic /etc/apt/sources.list;apt update

Step 8
Use update-cosmics to temporarily switch to Cosmic repos and update the packages on the Cosmic track. You can run it manually or schedule it using cron.
Step 9: Bonus Round: Ditch Nautilus 3.26
This is a matter of preference: if you don't use Desktop icons or if you want to give the Desktop icons extension a try, you can get rid of the outdated Nautilus 3.26 that Ubuntu has forked for the much improved Nautilus 3.30. I like 3.30 because it has WAY better touch screen support and because 3.26's implementation of Desktop icons injects an X11 layer (XWayland really) - even if you are running a Wayland session. The Desktop icons Gnome Shell extension only works with 3.30. It is about 80% feature-complete, but does not inject an X11 layer into your Wayland session.
Nautilus 3.30 can be obtained by downloading the deb files from Debian's servers:
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nautilus/nautilus_3.30.4-1_amd64.deb
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nautilus/libnautilus-extension1a_3.30.4-1_amd64.deb
wget http://ftp.us.debian.org/debian/pool/main/n/nautilus/nautilus-data_3.30.4-1_all.deb

Use dpkg to install them:
dpkg -i *nautilus*.deb

Future updates to Nautilus can be found here and you'll have to manually install them (click modification date twice to see the latest debs).
The desktop icons extension can be found here.
If you decide to stick with the Debian 3.30 Nautilus, you'll have to remove these 3 packages from the update-cosmics script we generated earlier. You will also have to do:
apt-mark hold libnautilus-extension1a nautilus-data nautilus

This avoids Ubuntu's updater accidently "uprgrading" Nautilus from 3.30 back to 3.26 (yes, it actually can't tell that 3.30 is a higher number than 3.26).
To undo this, you can just do:
apt-mark unhold libnautilus-extension1a nautilus-data nautilus
apt-get install nautilus nautilus-data libnautilus-extension1a #and unstill the desktop-icons extension

Yes, there is a PPA for upgrading to the latest Gnome Shell.

Run these following commands:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

After having finished, reboot your system.

Important note: This PPA is mainly for testing purposes. In any case, you should stick to the stable release of GNOME Shell which is provided by your current Ubuntu version. If you encounter some problems after upgrading it, you can revert everything back by purging:

sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-gnome-desktop^

Again, reboot the system.

Source: Ubuntu wiki


Ubuntu 16.04 on macbook pro 11,2 - nvidia card not recognized at all I installed Ubuntu 16.04 on this Macbook, which has two graphic cards: Intel and Nvidia.

When I go to the restricted driver section I cannot see any Nvidia card.

with the command lspci -vnn | grep VGA

I get only this output

00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Crystal Well Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:0d26] (rev 08) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])

and with sudo lshw -numeric -C display I get

I get

*-display
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: Crystal Well Integrated Graphics Controller [8086:D26]
   vendor: Intel Corporation [8086]
   physical id: 2
   bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
   version: 08
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
   configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
   resources: irq:35 memory:a0000000-a03fffff memory:90000000-9fffffff ioport:1000(size=64)

I searched around, but found no solutions.

How can I get the Nvidia card recognized?

Thank you

The card is being recognized, since it is showing up in those commands. Try this page for installing nvidia drivers, I have had success with it.

Install Nvidia Drivers In Linux


How/Where do I check my ubuntu laptops's CPU usage? How/Where do I check my ubuntu laptops's CPU usage?

HTOP

is a lightweight text-mode process viewer packed with handy features such as killing processes without entering their PID, displaying full command lines, etc with a colour display

How to install

open your Terminal (Ctrl-Alt-T ) and Type

sudo apt-get install htop

To run: type htop This will show what you are asking. .

As said in previous answer you can use system monitor which is the best tool. If you want more information you can try some commands on terminal

top - its a command to see all the processes and their CPU usage. Just read the screen carefully and you would find lot of other useful information there.
you can press Ctrl+c to close it.

Or you can also try
cat /proc/cpuinfo - for other information about cpu


Volume sound and screen brightness controls not working Recently I have installed i3 windows manager.

The problem is that the footnote keys to control the volume and brightness don't work.

How can I solve this?

And how can I bind the mod key to the Win key?

Multimedia Keys

First install these packages for brightness and volume:

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get install xbacklight alsa-utils pulseaudio

Then from I3 FAQ:

Add these lines to ~/.config/i3/config

# Pulse Audio controls
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl -- set-sink-volume 0 +5% #increase sound volume
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl -- set-sink-volume 0 -5% #decrease sound volume
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute 0 toggle # mute sound

# Sreen brightness controls
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessUp exec xbacklight -inc 20 # increase screen brightness
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessDown exec xbacklight -dec 20 # decrease screen brightness

Mod key

To change the $mod key:

Open ~/.config/i3/config.
Look for the line:

set $mod

Change that to:

set $mod Mod4

Finally, run i3-msg reload to reload the configuration file.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xbacklight

change set $mod to Mod4 in ~/.config/i3/config

and

add in ~/.config/i3/config:

# Pulse Audio controls
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl -- set-sink volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +5% #increase sound volume
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl -- set-sink volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -5% #decrease sound volume
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle # mute sound

# Sreen brightness controls
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessUp exec xbacklight -inc 20 # increase screen brightness
bindsym XF86MonBrightnessDown exec xbacklight -dec 20 # decrease screen brightness

save file

and press $mod+Shift+c or restart i3wm


Function like "connectify" on Ubuntu I know there was a lot of questions about this, but my problem is kind of different.

I have a tablet with Android. On Windows I used to host wifi from my PC. I used an application called connectify. On Ubuntu. I can use the "Use as hotspot" option but it hosts "Ad-hoc" network. Android doesn't see ad-hoc networks.
How can I make a wifi network similar to what connectify did?

My PC is connected to Internet using a cable and I have external adapter.

Sorry for my english, and thanks for the help :)

You can try ap-hotspot. It works with Android devices, but it has only two problems: no GUI and you can't share the network that you use to connect to the router (example: wifi connected - cannot share wifi).

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ap-hotspot
sudo ap-hotspot configure
sudo ap-hotspot start

The hotspot is now active and ready to go. The hotspot can be stopped by using the command:

sudo ap-hotspot stop

I believe if you have a wireless card you can click on the internet connections on the toolbar at the top of the screen and near the bottom there's an option to "create new wifi network"


After uninstalling Ubuntu 12.04, only grub rescue is loading, can't get into BIOS I had a dual booting system with win 8 and Ubuntu 12.04. I deleted Ubuntu using windows disk management, created a win 8 recovery USB disk to repair MBR and rebooted. The system went into grub rescue. I am not able to go into BIOS at all (pressing F2 no response). Can somebody help me out?

A: Was a BIOS setting changed? (ie fastboot enabled)

B: Did the system come with windows 8?

If B was true:

Completely power off
Hold f2
Power on (still holding f2)

Did your motherboard start beeping?  If so, then you have some funky BIOS settings enabled.  Your boot mode might be set to CSM when trying to access windows 8, which might have been installed in UEFI mode.

I had both of these problems.  If fast-boot is enabled, it gets a lot harder to access BIOS.  You might have to do a CMOS reset.  This just means, take out CMOS battery, leave it out for bout an hour, put it back in, tada.

You can also try pulling out your hard drive.  Then you should boot right to the BIOS, assuming you don't have a bootable USB/LAN/ODD device plugged in.

Firstly, I'd make sure you still have a Windows partition. You can check this by entering

ls

At grub rescue. You should have at least one partition called MSDOS(1) or something of the like. If you don't have that, chances are you cooked your hard drive and need a clean install.

Assuming it's still there, you definitely need to get into the BIOS as it sounds like it's set to boot from HDD rather than USB first. To get into the BIOS, I'll assume that F2 is the correct key. You need to press this before the GrUB is loaded. Once GrUB is up, it's kind of like you're in a mini OS, it's too late to get into the BIOS, you need to reboot and try again.


How to have a forward slash in a file name? I understand that this will likely break and confuse the hell out of my system, but is it possible to name or rename a file so that it has /s in its name (this is needed for a file which needs to go to an equally crazy server - well, sort of, it's more of a crazy workaround)? I am running Ubuntu GNOME 15.10 with GNOME 3.18, and I have tried to do this with most programs, and they either make a folder with the file because they treat what is before the / as the folder and what is after it as the file name, or just give me an error.

Reason:

The specific reason why I need it is because I set up a server which is stubborn and now won't change it's mind about where its config file is. However I accidentally put a / in the name of the file so it believes that the config file rather being in ~/configuration/files/config1.conf is in ~/configuration/files/con/fig1.conf... So you might say that I should just create a folder in files and call it con and then have the config file called fig1.conf, however the server doesn't even currently allow the creation of new directories or anything really... So I think that my only hope is going to be to put the forward slash in the file name for now until it goes out of its lock down mode.

Is it possible to name or rename a file so that it has /s in its name [...]?

No, it's not, for obvious reasons.

E.g. consider you have a directory containing:

a directory named "foo" containing a file named "bar"
a file named "foo/bar"

/path/to/foo/bar # file named "bar" in the directory named "foo"
/path/to/foo/bar # file named "foo/bar"

Referencing either of the two would be ambiguous.

If you're curious as to where the limitation is imposed, that's at the kernel level, in order to comply with the filesystem's specifications.

In general, any character can be used in a filename aside from / (unicode 002f) and \0 (unicode 0000), and filenames such as . and .. are disallowed as well.

It CAN be done,  not easily,  not well,  and not recommended (it creates problems when trying to remove the file.

Simply use a unicode substitute. It's better explained at linuxanswers.com.

bash shell example using the unicode "fractional slash" U+2044

bash# >test$'\xe2\x88\x95'file
bash# ls --show-control-chars
test∕file
bash# ls
test???file

I don't know if however the server can then access the file,  but Ubuntu can.  You may have to alias it at the server end,  if possible.  (Haven't had to touch a Windows installation since the days of Windows 95).


Simple image editor? I want something similar to "preview" in macs.  For example: I want an image editor that ONLY does simple adjustments like increase/decrease contrast, saturation, exposure, color tinting.... rotate, flip vertically, flip horizontally, make black and white, change size or format, crop.

THATS IT.  I know gimp can do all those things but its a bit overkill.  I just want to right click an image, open it with this magical program i just described, do a few quick adjustments, and then save and exit.  Nothing really fancy.

Anyone know of anything like this?  Btw I am using ubuntu 12.04 :) It rocks and I am glad I switched from mac, i just need to replace this one piece of software.

Pinta
A very simple image editor.
Pinta is a drawing/editing program modeled on Paint.NET. Its goal is to provide a simplified alternative to the GIMP for casual users.
Features
Its features include:

Adjustments (Auto level, Black and White, Sepia, …)
Effects (Motion blur, Glow, Warp, …)
Multiple layers
Unlimited undo/redo
Drawing tools (Paintbrush, Pencil, Shapes, …)

See the website for the full list.
Another feature of Pinta is full history saving. Say you want to continue a work later on, keeping all the layers intact (so that you can add/remove them later on), you can save the file in .ora format. It preserves every edit you have made so that you can reverse the changes.
Installation
For Ubuntu versions up to 12.04 you need to add a PPA to install this and keep it updated:

Ubuntu 10.10, 11.04 & 11.10
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable/ubuntu
 sudo apt-get update

Ubuntu 12.04
 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pinta-maintainers/pinta-stable
 sudo apt-get update

Installing via the Terminal
Run this command:
sudo apt-get install pinta

Installing via the Ubuntu Software Center

Launch the Ubuntu Software Center
Search for "pinta"
Click the 'Install' button

Once it is installed you can now use Pinta. Navigate to: Menu > Graphics > Pinta
Screenshots

I include MTPaint in my options as it will open suspect .bmp files from my Chinese Digital Storage Oscilloscope. It is very compact and very close to what Paint users would expect.
If you have kids under 5, start them on Tuxpaint.


Group memberships not visible without running su - $USER after new login I use ubuntu 18.04.
I created a new group:
sudo groupadd group_1
Next I added myself to the group:
sudo usermod -aG group_1 $USER
After logging out and logging in it appears as if I am not a member of the group:
johan@johan-VirtualBox:~$ groups
johan adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare vboxsf

I have to run su - $USER for the group to show:
johan@johan-VirtualBox:~$ su - $USER
johan@johan-VirtualBox:~$ groups
johan adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare docker vboxsf group_1

What is wrong?

Johan:
Try with newgrp command:
johan@johan-VirtualBox:~$ newgrp group_1

With this command you can log in to a new group without reload session:
$ -> whatis newgrp
newgrp (1)           - log in to a new group

I hope I have been helpful.


Ctrl+Alt+F1 stopped working in 16.04.LTS In older versions of Ubuntu I used to be able to get a character based login screen by pressing Ctrl + Alt+ f1 (or F2 or F3...).

After I upgraded to 16.04 LTS this no longer works. All I get when I press Ctrl + Alt+ f1 is a dark, blank screen. (Using Ctrl+Alt+f7 to switch back to the graphical user interface works.)

How can I fix this?

EDIT

I was trying to experiment with @sudodus' comment below, but before I got that far, I discovered some strange behaviour.

Sometimes I can get the consoles to work, but not always.
Sometimes the consoles display a login prompt, but do not accept any input.
Sometimes the computer locks completely when I press Ctrl+Alt+F1. (I can't event ssh to the computer from another computer.)

Perhaps what I really need is a fresh install... Sigh! :-(

EDIT

I just updated my computer from 4GB to 8GB of RAM. This solved the problem. (Confusing, I think; but I'm happy now.)

As indicated by the EDIT in my post, the problem was solved by increasing the amount of memory in the computer.

sudo /etc/init.d/lightdm restart working by me.


Hide current working directory in terminal As a default, the terminal prompt shows something like:

user@system:/folder1/folder2/folder3/folder4$

the deeper you go into the filesystem, the less space is left for typing in commands. Can I change this to only show something like:

>

I mean, I can just type pwd to show where I am at. ;)

export PS1='\u@\h: '

That results in oli@bert: for my prompt.

If you really want something as minimalist as you ask for, try this:

export PS1='> '

You can attach that to the end of your ~/.bashrc file to have it persist between logins.

You can also get creative with some colours. Here's what I use on my servers:

export PS1='\[\033[0;35m\]\h\[\033[0;33m\] \w\[\033[00m\]: '

Giving (it's easier to see on a full black background):

Glossary of acceptable characters in PS1

The thing that helped me was: export PS1='$ '

In order to have this each time you open the terminal, write the command at the end of the .bashrc which you can open by 'cd' followed by 'gedit .bashrc'.

Hope this helps. Worked out for me.


On shutdown, computer reboots when started via wake on lan Here's the situation:

I start my main computer from another pc via wake on lan "wakeonlan ". All works fine. When I'm done doing what I did, I run "sudo shutdown -h now" (in the ssh terminal in which I was working) to shutdown the computer. But instead of shutting down, it reboots. I then have to reconnect to it via ssh and run the shutdown command again, and then it shuts down and stays off. I can then start it again via wake on lan...

does anyone know, why my computer actually reboots when I type "sudo shutdown -h now" when started via wake on lan?

Some information about the computer:

Ubuntu 13.04
Moterboard: Gigabyte GA-Z77X-UD3H
Ethernet Controller (as reported by "lspci"): Qualcomm Atheros AR8151 v2.0 Gigabit Ethernet (rev c0)

There's one dirty solution

a) create /etc/init.d/reshutdown with the contents

#!/bin/sh
# force shutdown (due to bug in wakeonlan)
#

case "$1" in
reshutdown)
  touch /home/shutdown.chk
  shutdown -r now
;;

start)
 if [ -f /home/shutdown.chk ];
 then
    rm /home/shutdown.chk
    shutdown -h now
 fi
;;
esac

b) Execute: sudo chmod ugo+x /etc/init.d/reshutdown
b) Execute: sudo update-rc.d reshutdown start 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 .

c) Then to shutdown execute: sudo service reshutdown reshutdown

Try sudo poweroff.

It works better with WOL for me.


How to create a new blank file in Nautilus 3.6 and above? I used to create new blank files in Nautilus (Files) using the right click context menu. It really saved me a lot of time. Since Nautilus 3.6, there is no such entry.

Is there a way to create a new blank file in Nautilus 3.6 and above?

Well, I filled a bug report on bugzilla.gnome.org and I feel stupid now... This feature still exists.

The solution is to create a blank file named for instance new inside the ~/Templates/ folder of your home directory.

  → On non-English installations, the templates directory might have another name. One can find the actual directory with xdg-user-dir TEMPLATES.

If you're still facing the problem, Check the file in ~/.config/user-dirs.dirs if XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR variable is set correctly. If it is set to $HOME/ instead of $HOME/Templates/, correct and save that file.

I use the create dopcument all the time in my www folder. unfortunately it seems to be broken when I upgraded to 14.04LTS. The Templates folder is missing in the root's home directory.

so this is how I fixed it. in my Templates folder in my home folder (you have to show hidden files btw) navigate there and for some reason it worked there. I right clicked and added the new document then I Right clicked and made a new document but I tittled the next one as newphp.php and another as newhtml.html

I edited both docs and included my default codes I used.

then I opened up a terminal and typed: gksu nautilus on the command line then navigated to the home directory that my computer boots into (default account), then copied the Templates folder (that I just made additional new files in ) then navigates to the root's home by clicking home in the nautilus menu that I launched as root, and paste the Templates folder in the root's home directory.


Why does Ubuntu boot into a text prompt? So I've always wanted Ubuntu along with windows 7 and finally I went to try and make my computer that last night. (( I'll just skip the long story. ))

I loaded Ubuntu from CD, Version 12.04 and it loaded fine and then I clicked the install icon. It asked me witch option I would like to proceed with, and I answered Ubuntu, in Windows 7. So it did everything rather quickly, and restarted itself; upon restarting itself it ejected the CD, and I thought everything was good to go.

It brought me to the Option to either load Ubuntu or Windows, I was thinking to myself wow that was alot easier than I thought; Windows 7 Loads fine after it checked the HDD but when I go to load Ubuntu it brings me to the loading screen and then stays there for a long period time, finally moves on as if it was going to load into the regular dashboard, but loads into a dos looking thing.

(( I'm sorry if I sound retarded explaining everything I'm not great with computers ))

And at the very time it says something like installation failed. It also says it could not find a file or something like that. If you need me to go back and get the full message and put it up here I will. But if I put the CD in it loads fine.

Thanks in advance for everyone that helps me solve this problem.

As you are new with Ubuntu, then I think Wubi is the best option for you. Just run your Ubuntu CD inside windows. If you auto play that CD, you'll find a option 'Install Inside Windows'. Just click on that option. Just fill the required fields, it will do the rest for you hopefully.


Wifi ? (questionmark) Why do I get this on the wifi symbol?

wifisymbol with an questionmark

Go to Settings > Privacy > Connectivity Checking
Set it OFF
Restart your WiFi connection


Wordpress not detecting curl I have wordpress installed on ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS.
My Curl version is curl 7.58.0

when I enable the WooCommerce PayPal Checkout Gateway I get error message.
"WooCommerce Gateway PayPal Checkout requires cURL to be installed on your server".

Any help on how I can get woocommerce to detect curl?

It sounds like you installed curl but not php-curl. Use apt to install it:

sudo apt install php-curl

Then restart apache:

systemctl restart apache2

...and you should be good to go.

Install the version specific php curl package.
If you are running PHP version: 7.3, install php7.3-curl.
apt install php7.3-curl


Sublime Text not showing in Nautilus "open with" menu I am running Ubuntu 15.10.

My /usr/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop contains the following:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Sublime Text
GenericName=Text Editor
Comment=Sophisticated text editor for code, markup and prose
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text %F
Terminal=false
MimeType=text/plain;
Icon=sublime-text
Categories=TextEditor;Development;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=Window;Document;

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=New Window
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text -n
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Document]
Name=New File
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text --command new_file
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

When I right-click on a markdown file (xxx.md) in Gnome Files (formerly "Nautilus"), I cannot see "Sublime Text" as a choice, even when I select "View All Applications".

I even tried adding %F to the lines Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text -n and Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text --command new_file in the [Desktop Action Window] and [Desktop Action Document], respectively, but it did not change anything.

I even ran sudo update-desktop-database.

What am I doing wrong?

Copy the contents of /usr/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop to ~/.local/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop

Or simply use:

cp -it ~/.local/share/applications /usr/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop

Then in the terminal type: sudo update-desktop-database

Open /usr/share/applications/defaults.list (a symlink to /etc/gnome/defaults.list on my system) in Sublime and replace all instances of gedit.desktop with sublime_text.desktop. Save the file and restart your computer - it may be sufficient to log out and back in, but I suspect you'll need to completely quit Gnome for the settings to be reloaded. Once you've logged back in, Sublime Text should be listed in the right-click menu as the default choice for Markdown files, and it should be in the "Open With" menu as well for all file types that can be opened in a text editor.

EDIT:

Here are the contents of my current /usr/share/applications/sublime_text.desktop:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Name=Sublime Text
GenericName=Text Editor
Comment=Sophisticated text editor for code, markup and prose
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text %F
Terminal=false
MimeType=text/plain;
Icon=sublime-text
Categories=TextEditor;Development;
StartupNotify=true
Actions=Window;Document;

[Desktop Action Window]
Name=New Window
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text -n
OnlyShowIn=Unity;

[Desktop Action Document]
Name=New File
Exec=/opt/sublime_text/sublime_text --command new_file
OnlyShowIn=Unity;


No maximise/minimise/close buttons on a new window When I opened a new window(not maximised) I used to close with the left-top buttons, now they don't exist anymore. To close it I must drag it or maximise it... where the hell did the buttons go!?

A image of the issue:

I have had some issues with Compiz and older libs from application causing this issue, I would open terminal and type metacity - -replace & to get my borders back

Try running the following in the terminal:

sudo apt-get remove appmenu-gtk3 appmenu-gtk appmenu-qt

If the problem persists try this:

Install CCSM:

sudo apt-get install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open it searching in the Dash for "ccsm", go to Effects category and enable Window Decoration. Restart your system and you should get the buttons back. If it do not work just leave a comment.


How to set MS Word 2010 as default application for all docx and other types? I have installed MS Office 2010 on Ubuntu 12.04 using PlayonLinux. Now to open a .docx file I have to first open Word and then use open to open the file I want. When I double click on the file it opens with LibreOffice instead.

So how can I set Word as the default application? Word also doesn't show up in the application list.

First of all, you need to have PlayOnLinux 4.1.1 (It won't work with 4.0.x)

To upgrade PlayonLinux to latest version, go to this link : http://www.playonlinux.com/en/download.html

Choose ubuntu, and follow the instructions regarding your distribution.

Then go to PlayOnLinux options -> File associations (.docx -> Microsoft Word 2010)
You need to enter separately each file type (xls,xlsx,dox,docx) and to associate it with the corresponding office program.

Then, tell Ubuntu to open .docx files with playonlinux. (you can do this by the usual icon right click)

If you want to make the opening of office files permanent, with MS Office, you should right click on a .doc, .docx,... and go to properties-> open with-> playonlinux set as default. You have to do this separately for each file type.

Another great option is to right click on the file you would like to open and then click on "PlayOnLinux".

Ensure the file associations in PLAYONLINUX are correctly set.


Is there anyway I can use Mac OS 9 on Ubuntu? Is there something in virtual box i can use or a different virtual system altogether, or even a dual-boot with Ubuntu 12.04 and Mac OS 9. I have thousands of dollars worth of software that can only be used in Mac OS 9. Any help would be greatly appreciated!!!

Maybe this will be helpful: http://www.osnews.com/story/23321/Howto_MacOS_9_on_Ubuntu_Using_SheepShaver/


Bangla subtitle(connected letter) problem in VLC and gnome-mplayer I am trying to run a srt file written in unicode Bangla. I have changed the encoding settings to UTF-8 and select a Bangla unicode font in VLC subtitle settings.
I can see normal letter but not connected letters (i.e ক + ে = কে). Same thing is happening in gnome-mplayer.
Is any media player can render complex Bangla unicode in screen?
screenshot of latest VLC player

Note: I already installed Bangla Language/support package.

you can use smplayer to solve bangla subtitle problem in ubuntu and other linux operating systems

install smplayer and set it as a default player
click right button of your mouse and go to smplayer's preferences
Encoding: select UTF-8
check Try to autodetect for this language and select Bengali(bn)
Apply and Ok
if subtitle is too small press Shift+T to enlarge,  and Shift+R to
make it small..

now everything ok....

thanks... Oronno BAU
{ search me in Google }

To convert the subtitle to .ass format, use Aegisub for convert it.

sudo apt-get install aegisub


xorg.conf overwritten at boot (gpu-manager disabled) My tweaked xorg.conf file (using nvidia-xconfig) is always overwritten at boot and never loaded. I followed this thread and disabled gpu-manager, but my xorg.conf is still overwritten after that. In gpu-manager.log, there's only one line stating that it's been disabled. What might be the reason the file is overwritten? Where should I go from here?

if you want to prevent a file,you can use follow methods:
1.put a script in /etc/init.d
2.change the permission for the file
Many file system can't be changed permission and will be rewritten after reboot.i recommend you to write a bash script in /etc/init.d how for it resetting permission or write the file whenever.


Dual booting Ubuntu on a separate drive I know similar questions have been asked however why am I asking is because I wanted to know say i install Ubuntu on my D Drive instead of my C Drive (which has my windows on it). My D Drive is a 1 TB drive and I have files installed on it. If i put Ubuntu on it will i still be able to use the space that has not been partitioned off and can i still use it to say download things on my windows os? I ask this because i recently installed and deleted Ubuntu because after installation I noticed that I couldn't access my D Drive from Windows anymore and naturally all my files on it were gone. Basically I am asking if there is any way around this or was it just because i installed Ubuntu wrong.....?

I had the same problem when I was moving to ubuntu. To dual boot ubuntu with windows you need to have seperate HDDs to my knowledge.

Do you really want to move to ubuntu then try it on a virtual box first.


Ubuntu 20.10 wifi disconnects 1min after boot I just installed Ubuntu 20.10. The wifi-module disconnects 1min after every start. No wifi settings are available, it seems, that the wifi module disconnects. Just a reboot fixes the wifi but after the restart, wifi disconnets again.
Using a Asus Zenbook Pro 14 UX480, all drivers are up to date.
Adapter: Cannon Point-LP CNVi
Wifi driver: iwlwifi
Wifi working:
sudo lshw -C network
  *-network
   Beschreibung: Kabellose Verbindung
   Produkt: Cannon Point-LP CNVi [Wireless-AC]
   Hersteller: Intel Corporation
   Physische ID: 14.3
   Bus-Informationen: pci@0000:00:14.3
   Logischer Name: wlo1
   Version: 30
   Seriennummer: d8:f2:ca:c3:fd:bb
   Breite: 64 bits
   Takt: 33MHz
   Fähigkeiten: pm msi pciexpress msix bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
   Konfiguration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=5.8.0-25-generic firmware=46.8902351f.0 9000-pu-b0-jf-b0- ip=192.168.178.79 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
   Ressourcen: irq:16 memory:b431c000-b431ffff

Wifi not working:
sudo lshw -C network
  *-network UNGEFORDERT
   Beschreibung: Network controller
   Produkt: Cannon Point-LP CNVi [Wireless-AC]
   Hersteller: Intel Corporation
   Physische ID: 14.3
   Bus-Informationen: pci@0000:00:14.3
   Version: 30
   Breite: 64 bits
   Takt: 33MHz
   Fähigkeiten: pm msi pciexpress msix cap_list
   Konfiguration: latency=0
   Ressourcen: memory:b431c000-b431ffff

thanks for your replies. I'm just fed up with the ASUS Laptop. Switched to a Tuxedo computer with fully supported hardware. Greetings!

Open terminal paste this command sudo sed -i 's/3/2/' /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/* press enter and then this sudo service network-manager restart and press enter . Hope this helps.


How can I install OpenSSH_7.6p1 on ubuntu 16.04? I want to install OpenSSH_7.6p1 on my Ubuntu 16.04.

This is the version that I have now:

$ ssh -V
OpenSSH_7.2p2 Ubuntu-4ubuntu2.4, OpenSSL 1.0.2g  1 Mar 2016

I want to install it so I could have the jump server version, with the J option:

ssh -J

I know that there is another to do that and I know how, but I want with -J option on Ubuntu 16.04, Is that possible?

Thanks.

Try building this after you uninstall your current version.

wget "http://mirrors.evowise.com/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-7.4p1.tar.gz"

If you encounter errors, try

sudo apt install -y build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev

Then rebuild the source :-)

Hope that helps :-)


Ubuntu installation failed every time after choosing "install ubuntu alongside window 7" I want to install Ubuntu with window 7 as a dual boot PC.

After Booting from pendrive when I choose "intall ubuntu on Hard disk" , then installation window comes, I choose "do not connect to wifi right now". Then choose "installation type alongside window 7". After clicking "continue" a black scrren comes for 2 seconds and then my pc again restart and window 7 starts every time. (after step 4 as mention on http://www.ubuntu.com/download/help/install-desktop-latest)

I am using my pen drive to boot (I made it Ubuntu bootable from http://www.pendrivelinux.com ) and i tried this installation using wifi connected and disconnected as well as.But i prefer to disconnected during installation.and these are not the actual problem.

(After booting from pen drive selecting after install ubuntu on Hard disk it goes to select language option and then prepare to install Ubuntu and after the step "install alongside window7" pc again boot to window 7 (That is the Problem).
But first and second time after boot instead of installation window it directs into a black screen command modes where lots of commands are shown and it shows write help command.Then i am unable to do anything and have to turn off my laptop with power key.)

I want to install Ubuntu in D drive alongside Window 7. Is it okay or wrong and how to do this.

But actual problem is my ubuntu installation fails after selecting "install ubuntu alongside window7"

I am using Ubuntu 12.04 desktop- i38.iso (735,358,976 bytes)

Md5sum is : d791352694374f1c478779f7f4447a3f

Laptop model: compaq presario cq62 -112tu
RAM: 2 GB
Intel i5 430 M processor
290 GB HDD: C drive 29.2 GB free of 49 GB;
D drive 121 GB free of 122 GB and
E drive 21.3 GB free of 127 GB
and HDD is simple (not dynamic)

PLEASE HELP!!!! THANKS IN ADVANCE.

I believe you want to install Ubuntu alongside your Windows 7. You can try this....

Before you start the installation, create a separate disk partition in Windows. Insert your bootable disc/USB device. Follow the instructions. When you see the disk chooser, select your newly created hard disk partition. Select the Change option from below. Format it to ext4 and select mount point /. Press okay. Below, you'll see option for bootloader device. Click on it and choose the topmost option (It'll have some information about your HDD i.e. its size, manufacturer etc). Click continue when you are asked for swap partition option. If you do want to create a swap partition you'll have to create another partition. You won't need it in normal use anyway.

The solution is very simple ...
Install EaseUs partition in technician mode ...
Then go to HDD menue then click with right and chose convert to basic HDD ...
There is a risk to loose your files but I have not loss them ...
Then you will install ubuntu alongside windows ...


12.04 Ubuntu studio PREEMPT_RT kernel options My audio processing needs require a preempt_rt kernel. I roughly followed the guide:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/KernelTeam/GitKernelBuild

with a little help from:

https://rt.wiki.kernel.org/index.php/RT_PREEMPT_HOWTO

Currently I am using the 3.4 branch (which is the most recent at the time of this post):

http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/rt/

I think I have a reasonable kernel config ( for my machine at least ). Multiple trials confirm I need the option:

CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT_FULL=y

I have the following questions:

Is anyone maintaining a recent CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT_FULL kernel in a ppa?
Is there any interest in providing a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT_FULL in the official ubuntu-studio distribution?
Does anyone have recent config pointers for a CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT_FULL kernel?

I've entirely given up on using ubuntustudio for audio processing and gone to Planet CCRMA.

I do however want to give some resources for those looking for preempt-rt kernel config options. Planet CCRMA maintains a fairy recent kernel with a full prempt_rt patch. You can extract the config files from the rpms found here for x86_64:

http://ccrma.stanford.edu/planetccrma/mirror/fedora/linux/planetcore/17/x86_64/repoview/SystemEnvironment.Kernel.group.html

I have personally had less issues using the low-latency kernel rather than the pre-compiled realtime kernel.  Custom kernel compilation is not difficult, but system recovery and kernel debugging can be.  I am currently using the 3.4.4 kenel and abandoned the rt patcheset in favor of the bfs scheduler/CK patchset (thank you Con Kolivas).  Btw I believe the previous poster answer has a typo, timer interrupts of 100hz are generally for servers while rt audio is more realistic with 1000hz interrupts.  300hz is used for video production/editing.  Also be aware that your ideal choice of timer frequency depends on your processor.  Do you have one core or multiple cores? Are they virtual hyperthreaded or actual physical cores.  Unless you have hardware requiring the latest kernel revisions custom kernel compilation is probably not the best idea.  If you must have an 'rt' kernel try the 3.2 or 2.6.31-rt kernel available from Alessio Igor Abogani on launchpad.  The number of options in the current kernel is overwhelming and proper configuration can be tedious and time consuming.  Fine tuning of interrupts and proper system configuration is far more effective for achieving best possible latency.


Installing Ubuntu on one drive and access files on the 2nd drive I have a computer with 2 hard-disks. C: which has Win7 installed on it and D: which has most of my documents (movie files, docs, dropbox folder etc).
Recently, Windows became really slow and a friend suggested formatting C: and installing Ubuntu instead.
I don't mind doing it on C: but I don't wanna touch D:

Can I install Ubuntu on C: and still access all the files in D?

Please note that my videos folder should be shareable to other computers around the house (with Win7 or Win8) and also I would like to install Plex Server on Ubuntu that will have access to those files.

Thank you!

Yes you can, since Ubuntu easily accesses NTFS.
You can go ahead and install Ubuntu on C: partition and then you can set Ubuntu to automatically mount D: partition on boot. Just follow this post:
How to automount NTFS partitions?

That's doable, however, if you do not want to reformat drive "D:", you'll probably run into problems as it most certainly was formatted using NTFS, then by default Ubuntu will not write to that drive. It is not safe to turn on the write feature on NTFS from Linux because all the information about the disk format is not known by the developers of the NTFS system under Linux.

If you have enough room on C: to copy all the data on D:, then you could:

copy the data from D: to C:
boot under Linux from a CD
format D: using xfs4 or similar
copy the data from C: back to "D:" (now under Linux it is a mount point such as /data)

If C: is too small to copy D:, then the best would probably to buy another hard drive and format that one with xfs4, copy D: to it, then install Linux on "C:" and you should then have all the data readily available. Once that is the case, you could format "D:" and use it too for backups or something.

Now, to share the files with other MS-Windows boxes, you want to install Samba. That's enough and it does not require you to have a disk formatted with NTFS. Samba is relatively simple if you do not need super high level of security. Just make sure the Linux firewall is not in the way. You should search references and such about Samba so find out how to get it working.


No notifications from notify-osd on 13.10 I recently upgraded to 13.10. Notify-OSD works correctly (notify-send test sends correctly the notification using gnome-shell style), but I'm not able to get notifications on volume up/down, next/previous track, brightness up/down, CD ejection events. This used to work on 13.04.

I'm using Gnome flashback session, this might me a part of the answer. Thank you.

Also, for the working notifications (like notify-send), the notification is drawn with a mix of Gnome3 and unity notification styles. That's quite ugly.

It seems to be caused by notification-daemon, which comes with gnome-flashback (but conflicts with notify-osd?). Unfortunately, the package can't be removed because it is a dependency of gnome-flashback.

Killing the process fixes the notification system, i.e. only notify-osd is used and volume up/down/mute shows a notification again.

killall /usr/lib/notification-daemon/notification-daemon

In order to prevent the notification-daemon to start at each gnome-fallback session, I edited the file /etc/xdg/autostart/notification-daemon.desktop. I changed the line:

AutostartCondition=GNOME3 unless-session gnome

To:

AutostartCondition=false

Note that this is just a workaround. I think a bug report should be filled in launchpad for this, unless it can be fixed without manually editing a file provided by a package.

I also found that installing xfce seems to break this on a system. Removing it and rebooting gets you notifications back.


Why can't I execute a script I created I created a script and have rwx user permissions on it. It runs ok if I use the command bash myscript but when I try ./myscript I get the result:

./: Is a directory

I also tried running it using sudo but get the same result.

You haven't run

./myscript

as you say in your question, you have run

./ myscript

and you error message was

bash: ./: Is a directory

Note, the correct syntax is: No space character between the path ./ and the name of your script.

You can create script with these steps :

sudo nano script_name.sh

Type some commands on it to execute later, and then make it executable

sudo chmod +x script_name.sh

And then you can run it by :

sudo ./script_name.sh


How do I install ownCloud client on Ubuntu 12.04? I searched ownCloud on Ubuntu Software Center on Ubuntu 12.04 and only got Empty package, owncloud.

I also checked it on the offcial installation guide, here. The lowest supported version is 14.04.

I downloaded Packages for Ubuntu 14.04: owncloud-client_2.2.2-18.1_amd64.deb, but failed to install it for,

How do I install ownCloud client on Ubuntu 12.04?

The output of cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*,

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*
deb http://desktop-download.mendeley.com/download/apt stable main
deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/isv:/ownCloud:/desktop/Ubuntu_12.04/ /

From 2.2.0 onwards the ownCloud client was not supposed to be build for 12.04 (source), but the last available build for 12.04 is 2.2.1. It is not available on the official download page anymore, but has a separate repository which you can still use to install it.

The installation instructions are on the linked pages, enjoy!

With the updated question, I see now the error about dependencies.

You can try to manually install the missing dependency by doing the following:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libowncloudsync0

When installing libowncloudsync0 you may get errors from other dependencies missing.

Try sudo apt-get install libqtkeychain0 libqt5keychain0

And then libowncloudsync0 again, and finally, the client you were trying to install in the first place.

Sometimes when you get an error like this of unmet dependencies, you can fix them all by simply running sudo apt-get install -f after the failed install.


Why doesn't the Libreoffice icon appear on my launcher when running? When we run an application, its icon would appear on the launcher and so we can call it back after minimize it. Specially, a little triangle would keep appearing  near the icon, meaning this application is running now.

However, when I open a Libreoffice file, the revelance icon doesn't appear on the launcher! What's more, when I minimize Libreoffice, I couldn't find it even through "Alt+Tab". I've tried Libreoffice 3.4 and 3.3, but the problem exists all the same.

Look, here is Libreoffice Calc running, and no icon appears on the launcher. If I minimize it, it is impossible to call it back.

You can use
Super+W to show all the windows on your desktop. The LibreCalc window will appear there.

(The Super key is often the Windows logo).

There is a problem, but this is a work-around.

go to libre office,click on tools,then view then change icon style from (breeze dark) which was for my case to BREEZE..close and lauch to see if problem solved.


How do I get docker-engine dependency libsystemd-journal0 installed on Xenial (16.04.1 LTS)? Getting this installed is critical in our move to Ubuntu from Mint 17.

So I've seen this:

https://github.com/docker/docker/issues/20698libsystemd-journal0

..which references this page:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/i386/libsystemd-journal0/download

...but there's no similar information for xenial:

http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/i386/libsystemd-journal0/download

I've tried adding this line to the sources file:

deb http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu xenial main

I've also tried manually downloading and installing

libsystemd-journal0_204-5ubuntu20_i386.deb

...but the system silently doesn't install it.

Apparently this is the solution.

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-use-docker-on-ubuntu-16-04


How to automount hdd without causing freeze when missing? I used to add external usb hdds as automounts in /etc/fstab, but sometimes I remove them (or they fail) rebooting the server fails since they won't mount.

Is there a way to automount system hdds if they exist, but don't hold up the boot process if they're not there?

It is absolutely imperative that the machine be able to reboot properly because I can't physically access it easily.

There is an option to skip fstab. Install autofs and configure your external disks to be mounted when you need them.

http://www.autofs.org

try to mount your external drive by uuid

something like this in your etc/fstab :

UUID=7CB8A6BAB8A671F6 /media/USBdisk ext3 defaults 0 0

plug your external USB drive and type'sudo blkid' on console to know your UUID.

Don't forget to 'sudo mkdir /media/USBdisk && chown my_pseudo:my_pseudo /media/USBdisk' before reboot.


How could I make my display monochrome? Let's say I want to simulate on old monochrome gas plasma display on a current-day Ubuntu installation. That could be something like this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Di9OQLiwbIU

How could I do this? I'd mean making everything monochrome.

here, there is something to try:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/125257/how-can-i-make-the-screen-black-and-white
They say that you can add following lines to the xorg config file

Section "Screen"
    Identifier "greyscale configuration"
    Defaultdepth 8
    SubSection "Display"
        Depth 8
        Visual "GrayScale"
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Please tell me if it works for you

Using Cool-Retro-Term

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:bugs-launchpad-net-falkensweb/cool-retro-term
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cool-retro-term