Attempting to install php-zip - getting libzip4 dependancy (>=1.0) error even though I have 1.0.1 installed I am attempting to install the php zip plugin

I run:

sudo apt-get install php-zip (also php7.0-zip)

I get dependency missing return for libzip4 (>=1.0), yet when I attempt to install or update libzip4 via apt-get - it shows I have 1.0.1 installed (I think it may have package name or an alias of libzip4:i386 -> not sure if that is related to this problem or not but the naming convention looks odd to me in comparison to the other php plugins I have installed).

Terminal commands with output:

sudo apt-get install php-zip

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'php7.0-zip' instead of 'php-zip'
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 php7.0-zip : Depends: libzip4 (>= 1.0) but it is not installable

E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

&&:

sudo apt-get install libzip4

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libzip4:i386 is already the newest version (1.0.1-0ubuntu1).
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 20 not upgraded.

SYSTEM:

Lenovo G500s running Ubuntu Xenial 16.04 desktop vanilla install
php/apache2 standard build (stock Ubuntu LAMP stack)
php version: 7.0.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.4

Any help greatly appreciated!!

EDIT:
I have also tried to install (I believe it's the same plugin) with PECL :

sudo pecl install zip

downloading zip-1.14.0.tgz ...
Starting to download zip-1.14.0.tgz (248,476 bytes)
..............................done: 248,476 bytes
8 source files, building
running: phpize
sh: 1: phpize: not found
ERROR: `phpize' failed

To install libzip4, you have to add the Ubuntu repositories to your apt source list.  This can be done by

sudo apt-add-repository main
sudo apt-add-repository restricted
sudo apt-add-repository universe
sudo apt-add-repository multiverse

Here you find some examples.

libzip4:i386 is a 32-bit package. and conflicts with 64-bit version. are you using a 32-bit computer?

if you are using 64-bit then do:
sudo apt-get purge libzip4

then:
sudo apt-get install php-zip

if you are using 32-bit then:
sudo apt-get install php-zip:i386


Ubuntu 16 reboots seconds after shutdown I've just updated my ubuntu 15 to ubuntu 16. Now,  every time I shutdown, the computer reboots after a few seconds! I've already googled for solutions but nothing worked.
My computer is a HP probook 4540s.

Thank you

EDIT: One more piece of information: when I restart instead of shutting down, I can no longer access the internet (via wi-fi). Also, I can get my computer to shutdown without rebooting if a press ( a long time) the (hardware) power button.

Try to turn off your wifi from shortcut button for wifi / or from settings and your pc will not start itself.

The solution for me was updating the grub (Ubuntu 16.04).

sudo update-grub

I found this solution here: Fix Shutdown does not power off computer in Ubuntu 14.04


Seamless Mode Not Working Correctly in Virtual Box I run Ubuntu Desktop in a VirtualBox seamless mode, hosted on Windows 7. I recently upgraded from 11.10 to 12.04 and seamless mode no longer works correctly. I have re-installed guest extensions.

The problem is that the Ubuntu desktop wallpaper is shown, effectively blocking the Windows desktop. I can bring Windows apps to the foreground, but as soon as I bring any Ubuntu window to the foreground, all the windows apps will disappear, hidden by the ubuntu desktop even if I activated an Ubuntu window in a different monitor. So, it is not very much different from full-screen mode at this time.

I suspect if I could turn off the Ubuntu desktop or wallpaper this would be a sufficient workaround (this is basically what Seamless mode is) but that does not seem to be possible within Ubuntu itself.

[Jeremy doesn't specify system config, but I can confirm I'm seeing this behavior in Win 7 64-bit with both 32-bit and 64-bit guests. Giovanni sees the same thing on his laptop running Vista Ultimate 64 bit after upgrading his 32-bit guest to 12.04 (forums.virtualbox.org p225407, requires logging in with your free Oracle account). I was using vbox 4.1.14r77440 and matching Guest Additions. I upgraded to 4.1.16-78094 vbox+additions. Still a problem. And I filed launchpad bug 999929 to see if I can get feedback from developers. – tbc0]

Any other ideas?

This appears to be a window manager issue. As a VirtualBox guest under Windows 7 Premium 64-bit, Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit has the problem mentioned: the Ubuntu background image remains displayed. Using Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit with the GNOME window manager (installed via Ubuntu Software Center), however, seamless mode works correctly. Using Xubuntu 12.04 64-bit (which uses the XFCE window manager instead of Unity), the seamless mode also works correctly. Thus only Unity experiences this problem.

Until the Unity team solves the issue, use the Ubuntu Software Center and type in 'gnome' and use it to install the GNOME Desktop Environment. At log-in time, click on the Ubuntu icon and select one of the GNOME choices [GNOME, GNOME Classic, or GNOME Classic (no effects)] for your session. Seamless mode works as intended.

Alternatively, use the Xubuntu distribution. Seamless mode also works as intended.

Installing any desktop environment like xdm, kdm, lightdm and gnome makes things work. I had a tough time figuring this out but now I have a smooth seamless mode working on my Win7 host with Ubuntu 12.04 guest.


Why is a virtual terminal "virtual", and what/why/where is the "real" terminal? I hope the question is self-explanatory.

My understanding is that gnome-terminal and konsole are virtual terminals, and they are basically serving the same purpose, i.e. a command line environment for various optional command interpreters. (I'm not even sure if that's the right way to look at it.)

I assume that the real terminal is where I am teleported to occasionaly by mis-keying Ctrl+Alt+F1,F2, etc.

But "There be Dragons" in that black-screen hinterland, so I'm outta-there as quickly as I can press Ctrl+Alt+F7 (I learnt that somewhere: "When all is black and dark: press the secret keys to return :)

Is/are the "real" terminal(s) the one(s) that exist behind the Ctrl+Alt+F1,F2, etc. keys?
And what is so "real" about them vs the "virtual" ones?
And how to they differ?  Is it as simple as "no GUI" vs "GUI"?

P.S. are "console" and "terminal" synonymous?

My understanding is that virtual terminals basically serve the same purpose:
  ie. A command line environment for
  various optional command interpreters

This isn't strictly true. Virtual Terminals are merely programs that send keystrokes and receive output (this is called Standard In, Standard Out[ and Standard Error]) to a process in the background. This is a basic input → processing → output system, and is at the heart of your operating system.

A teletype (or teleprinter)

Man working at a Computer Terminal

Let's see if I can explain it properly:

In a Unix–like system such as Linux there is the concept of "everything is a file". That means, for example, your DVD Drive is a file (/dev/sdb1), your keyboard is a file (/dev/input/keyboard) and so on.

Another set of those magical files are the TTYs, where TTY stands for Teletype. A Typewriter that sends keystrokes to a computer, which in turn sends letters back to the Type Ball. This would have represented a physical device, a remote typewriter, in the same way as /dev/lp0 may represent your printer.

 A hardware terminal, the VT100

The Teletype workstations would have been called "Consoles" or "Terminals", a virtual terminal, as opposed to a real one, thus is any application or machinery that provides the same functionality as this workplace arrangement - which is accessing the computer by sending keystrokes to it and receiving output back from it, printing it to a piece of paper. You can imagine that a Modem works in a very similar way.

Terminals, such as the one pictured above, are cheap and simple computers that emulate the functionality of a teletype. When we say terminal emulator these days, we - in turn - usually mean a program that emulates the functionality of such a machine.

There are still terminal based computer systems in use. They are in fact getting ever more popular. In the past, the reason for terminals was that a computer at every desk was completely ridiculous - where computers filled a room and were immensely expensive. Now, it saves money and makes administration easy.

a "thin client" – the modern equivalent of the VT100

I hope that this is helpful. Please alert my if I've made a mistake.

  Does that mean that
  Control-Alt-F1,F2,etc are also virtual
  terminals, and the only difference
  between them and "gnome-terminal" /
  "konsole" is that they don't have a
  GUI?

Yes, basically. The difference between TTY1-7 and gnome-terminal is that the system provides the ttys, whereas gnome-terminal and konsole are themselves running on a tty (which is running the graphical subsystem). This abstraction can be nested even deeper (e.g. x-forwarding, using the telnet protocol to act as a terminal, ...), after all, the human—computer interface acts just like any other file. And can be piped, abstracted and moved about in the same way.

In addition to the answers above, see this comprehensive explanation ot terminals. The TTY, despite its apparent simplicity, is conceptually a rather complicated part of Linux.


How do I install Opera? I have installed ubuntu 11.10 Beta version.
now I wanted to install opera and I downloaded the .deb package, but it wont work.

I also tried the package to open it with Ubuntu Software Center but the USC crashed.

tell me how to proceed?

I don't know if you still need it but I found a solution to install opera in Ubuntu 11.10 (not beta version) using apt-get at liberiangeek.net by some guy named Richard(I think).
Here is is:
To get started,  press Ctrl – Alt – T  on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the commands below to add Opera’s public key.

sudo sh -c 'wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | apt-key add -'

After adding the key, run the command below to add Opera repository

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/opera.list

Next, copy the past the line below into the file and save it.

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

After that run the commands below to update your system.

sudo apt-get update

Finally, run the commands below to install Opera

sudo apt-get install opera

Enjoy
You can access the tutorial by this link also.

Here is why wont install and the fix...

http://my.opera.com/community/forums/topic.dml?id=1124872&t=1319006959&page=1#comment10571122


Ubuntu keeps booting from live CD after installation It seems everyone else has got the exact opposite of my problem. They can't boot from Live CD but not other way around as I am...or at least that's what I'm assuming the problem is.

Here's what I did. I have an acer iconia tab w500 tablet (windows 7) with dvd-rom, 1TB usb3-hard drive and other stuff connected to it via USB, like a finger scanner) and I decided to try Ubuntu on a tablet.

Burn the ISO to a DVD, booted from DVD, partitioned it to ext4 with swap and installed but soon as it restarts its just keep booting from the Live CD and not from where it s installed (the 1tb hard drive).

If I take the cd out, it just gives error like "can't found live cd source". By the way there is already Windows 7 installed on tablets internal storage(32GB)

I installed Ubuntu on the external hard drive, so on the boot screen it asks which OS I want.

Before the installation the, tablet didn't boot from the Live CD and straight opened windows 7. I can't change BIOS settings and see which device is booting first (since I've got no external keyboard to press F2 after pressing correct buttons on the tablet).

I had to choose this option from the Ubuntu Live CD menu in Windows to install this additional autorun setting.

From reading all the comments I understand you tried to install Ubuntu using WUBI.EXE from within Windows.
See Is WUBI installation a full installation, or is it a live CD with persistent file or partition? and How do I know if I am running Wubi or a proper dual-boot? for more on WUBI.
WUBI does not use the GRUB bootloader, but uses Windows' own bootloader. It looks like the Windows bootloader somehow got misconfigured to point to the LiveDVD instead of the correct boot initiation file probably something like c:\ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr.
Without Buying a Keyboard:
You can try to fix the Windows boot loader and make it point to the right file. See this HowToGeek for details.
With a keyboard:
Or you can delete the WUBI install by booting Windows and using Control Panel > Programs > Unisntall a Program > Ubuntu. Then you will need to go into BIOS (using the keyboard you need to buy) and set the tablet to boot from the Live DVD and do a complete install (not WUBI).
If you installed Ubuntu in an external USB drive:
Remember to put the bootloader (GRUB) in the same external USB drive. It may be /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc or some such thing. Don't put it in any specific partition such as /dev/sdb1 or /dev/sdc1 etc.
Once Ubuntu is installed, you may have to change the boot order in the BIOS again. Set it to the drive where Ubuntu is installed. If the external drive is attached it should show GRUB and give you the choice to boot Ubuntu (default) or Windows. If the drive is not present during boot, the tablet should boot straight to Windows.

Have you tried using Boot-Repair-Disk from sourceforge.com. I have had the same issue using an external hard drive. When you boot-up the Boot-Repair-Disk, one of the questions it will ask is if one of your hard drives is external, answer YES and allow the disk to setup GRUB with your external drive. The Boot-Repair-disk download is free, just burn it to DVD, its a very good tool to have on hand. Hope this helps!! When you asked your question, you said you installed ubuntu on your 1TB internal hard drive that had windows on it, and at the end of your question you said you installed it on an external drive? If you installed it onto the external drive GRUB needs to know this to set up properly.


PHP 7.3 update didn't take OS: Ubuntu 16.04.6 LTS

I updated to php 7.3. Everything appeared to go correctly. However when I type in php -v I get

  "PHP 7.2.24-1+ubuntu16.04.1+deb.sury.org+1 (cli) (built: Oct 24 2019
  18:28:51) ( NTS )"

The same version shows in pipeinfo.
I have rebooted the server.
The php 7.3 module was enabled for Apache. Apache does state that it is enabled.
I have restarted apache.

When I do a locate on php7.3 I see the various folders and files. Why isn't version 7.3 running?

Because the php command still links to the old php 7.2 binary.

Locate the path of the php command:

which php

It may output something like /usr/bin/php

Delete this old link:

rm /usr/bin/php

Create a new link:

ln -s path/to/php7.3 /usr/bin/php

Try it:

php -v


How can I download Windows 7 DVD installers from Ubuntu? I have rights for a free license of Windows 7, given by my University, and I need it now. According to Microsoft's instructions, to download the Windows DVD image I must:

download a Secure Download Manager (SDM) installer (its a .pkg file)
run the .pkg file, which should install the SDM
download another file (.sdx),
run the .sdx file, which should start the download of the Windows DVD image.

However, the SDM installer (.pkg) does not run.

The .sdx file, when opened in the text editor, is simply an internet address. When I paste the address in the browser, it goes to the download page, but the download bar remains in 0%. So, I believe I really must install this SDM first.

Any help on this problem? Does someone know how to run this .pkg file?

Download the official ISOs to get an easily burnable DVD image

You can officially download Windows 7 ISOs over HTTP for the common versions/languages from one of their resellers, DigitalRiver. Digital River sells Windows 7 licenses and makes the ISOs available for public download.

While all x86/x64 versions of Windows 7 are available, your license will only work for the appropriate version, so please choose the ISO carefully. The installation must be activated within 30 days as usual or it will expire.
Please see this post for the official links to the Windows 7 SP1 ISOs

The .pkg file is for Macs. The site sees you're not using windows and redirects you.
If you trick it to think you're using Windows, e.g. by using Internet Explorer via wine or the "user-agent switcher" add-on for Firefox you should be able to download a .msi file which wine will be able to run.

TL;DR: Here's a DL link

P.S: If IE doesn't propely download, just copy the link over to your regular browser ;)


How can I install open JDK 7 on Ubuntu 18.04? I need openjdk to build my Android ROM, but I can't install it. I installed Oracle JDK but it doesn't work.

First install OpenJDK7:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openjdk-r/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo wget -P ~/Downloads http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/o/openjdk-7/openjdk-7-jdk_7u161-2.6.12-1_amd64.deb
sudo wget -P ~/Downloads http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/o/openjdk-7/openjdk-7-jre_7u161-2.6.12-1_amd64.deb
sudo wget -P ~/Downloads http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/o/openjdk-7/openjdk-7-jre-headless_7u161-2.6.12-1_amd64.deb
sudo wget -P ~/Downloads http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/libj/libjpeg-turbo/libjpeg62-turbo_1.5.2-2+b1_amd64.deb
sudo update-alternatives --config java

cd ~/Downloads

sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo apt install -f
#choose Java7
sudo update-alternatives --config java

Now install Maven:
sudo apt-get install maven

Install Eclipse Luna 4.4.2 SR2
sudo su
cd /opt
sudo wget -P ~/Downloads http://download.eclipse.org/technology/epp/downloads/release/luna/SR2/eclipse-jee-luna-SR2-linux-gtk.tar.gz
tar -xvf eclipse*.tar.gz

Now edit the eclipse.ini file:
sudo nano /opt/eclipse/eclipse.ini  <br/>

and change:
If you run in Performance Issues, find for your self the best XMS/XMX Range
Texteditor start
-startup
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher_1.3.100.v20150511-1540.jar

--launcher.library
plugins/org.eclipse.equinox.launcher.gtk.linux.x86_64_1.1.300.v20150602-1417

-product
org.eclipse.epp.package.jee.product

--launcher.defaultAction
openFile

-showsplash
org.eclipse.platform

--launcher.XXMaxPermSize
1024m

--launcher.defaultAction
openFile

--launcher.appendVmargs
-vmargs
-Dosgi.requiredJavaVersion=1.7
-XX:MaxPermSize=4096m
-Xms2048m
-Xmx4096m

#Texteditor end

Now run eclipse:
cd /usr/local/bin
echo 'ECLIPSE=/opt/eclipse/eclipse' >eclipse
echo 'exec $ECLIPSE "$@"' >>eclipse
chmod +x eclipse
exit
eclipse

Add eclipse to the Desktop:
sudo nano /opt/eclipse/eclipse.desktop

and add:
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse
Comment=Eclipse Integrated Development Environment
Icon=/opt/eclipse/icon.xpm
Exec=/opt/eclipse/eclipse
Terminal=false
Categories=Development
StartupWMClass=Eclipse

Save and exit and execute:
sudo chmod +x /opt/eclipse/eclipse.desktop
sudo cp /opt/eclipse/eclipse.desktop ~/Schreibtisch
sudo mkdir ~/.local/share/applications
sudo cp /opt/eclipse/eclipse.desktop ~/.local/share/applications

Wilffly 8.2.1
sudo su
sudo wget -P /opt https://download.jboss.org/wildfly/8.2.1.Final/wildfly-8.2.1.Final.tar.gz
cd /opt
tar -xvzf wildfly*.tar.gz
sudo mv wildfly-8.2.1.Final wildfly
Add Management-User
sudo /opt/wildfly/bin/add-user.sh
sudo nano /opt/wildfly/standalone/configuration/mgmt-users.properties
Wildfly Verknüpfungen erstellen
sudo  wget -P /opt/wildfly/bin https://api.jujucharms.com/v5/precise/wildfly-5/icon.svg
sudo nano /opt/wildfly/bin/wildflyapplicationserver.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Wildfly Standalone 8.2.1
Comment=Wildfly Application Server authored by JBoss
Icon=/opt/wildfly/bin/icon.svg
Exec=/opt/wildfly/bin/standalone.sh
Terminal=true
Categories=Development
StartupWMClass=Wildfly
sudo chmod +x /opt/wildfly/bin/wildflyapplicationserver.desktop
sudo cp /opt/wildfly/bin/wildflyapplicationserver.desktop ~/Schreibtisch
sudo cp /opt/wildfly/bin/wildflyapplicationserver.desktop ~/.local/share/applications


How can I permanently enable and disable the touchpad in Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 LTS? I have Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 LTS installed on a Dell XPS 13, and I want to disable the touchpad.

The Dell XPS 13 does not have a key combination for enabling and disabling the touchpad. Unfortunately, also the GNOME settings for mouse and touchpad do not provide any means to enable and disable the touchpad. The accepted answer to another question says that I need to install xserver-xorg-input-libinput. However, sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-libinput fails with the following error message:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 xserver-xorg-input-libinput : Depends: xorg-input-abi-22
                               Depends: xserver-xorg-core (>= 2:1.17.99.902)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Apparently, xorg-input-abi-22 does not exist in the package archives.

I am able to enable and disable the touchpad with synclient, but I would like to have an approach that keeps the state of the touchpad among reboots.

for disable and enable touchpad, first see id of your touchpad using this command :
xinput list

this exmaple for the output , and look ad the id of your touchpad :

then , you can use this command to show all available command :
xinput list-props "your-touchpad-id"

this output for my touchpad

and finally , you can disable your touchpad using this command :
xinput set-prop "your-touchpad-id" "Device Enabled" 0

and this command if you want enable the touchpad :
xinput set-prop "your-touchpad-id" "Device Enabled" 1

It's work for me, hope this will help you.
EDIT 1:
to make it disable on reboot or startup
open startup application on your unity dash, then click add, new pop up window will appear, then fill like this :

Nane : disable touchpad (or whatever you want)
command : xinput set-prop "your-touchpad-id" "Device Enabled" 0
comment : this command to disable touchpad at startup (or whatever you want)

take a look at this picture :

hope this will work for you too..

Open terminal (or menu) and type: dconf-editor. When it opens you go to: org > gnome > desktop > touchpad > tap-to-click, and check the box to the right of the previous menu. Now you can use the click with the touchpad.


Bypass the yes/no prompt in 'apt-get upgrade' In order avoid typing out all of the apt-get commands when updating my computer I have made a simple alias command to do it. But I really want to be able to just type in my alias and let it do its thing and not have to wait to for the yes/no prompt to type in "y". Is there a simple way to bypass this prompt or maybe add "yes" in the alias somewhere?

Sure, although I have never tried it as an alias but it should work:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade

You could also do it quietly and then get a notification when it's all done. The downside to this is you will only see errors reported and will not see what is updated.

sudo apt-get update -qq && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -qq && echo "All up to date now!" && notify-send "All up to date now!"


How to force ICMP to run through TOR? As far as I know, ping send ICMP echo request to host. And ICMP is the layer 3 of OSI model.

But TOR use TCP , which is the layer 4 of OSI model.

So ping can't be run through TOR normally.

But here is the question, How can I run ping requests through TOR by force. Is it possible?

You can't.  As you say, ICMP is not TCP.

https://www.torproject.org/docs/faq#TransportIPnotTCP

httptunnel might be able to do it, but you need a httptunnel server at the other end of the tor connection to convert the tcp to icmp.  if not, it should be possible to write a program to do it, but it would have to be at the other end of the tor connection.  it would not be anonymous.


How can I autostart a SSH -D tunnel at login for a SOCKS proxy? I know that if I want to start an SSH tunnel

ssh -d 9000 user@userserver

This is one solution for a dynamic tunnel to be opened on port 9000 for a user named "user" on the host "userserver"

However, how can I automate this process in Ubuntu so that I don't have to open up a terminal every time I log in and start the tunnel? I want to be SSH'd the moment I log in.

I know I could create a bash file but wouldn't I have to store my server user's password in plaintext as I would be prompted for it after the initial command?

Set up password-less SSH login according to this answer:

ssh-keygen (you will be prompted for a password, leave it blank)
ssh-copy-id user@userserver (enter your SSH login password for the last time)

Add an startup entry for SSH:

sudo ssh-keygen #type Enter everywhere
sudo cat /home/root/.ssh/ id_dsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys

/etc/rc.local add string:

echo "ssh socks 192.168.0.1:8000" ; sudo ssh -fND 192.168.0.1:8000 localhost


Dell Latitude E5540 keyboard issue I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS on a Dell LATITUDE E5540 laptop, and I've the following problem: randomly I get one key repetition which stops when I press another key.
I think that this is my problem:

http://en.community.dell.com/support-forums/laptop/f/3518/t/19581331

But there is not a solution by dell yet. Has anyone encountered and solved the same problem? With another proprietary OS there are no problems with keyboard.

Thank you in advance!

Federico

According to the reply to that forum thread marked as “verified answer”, this issue was fixed in a BIOS update.

How to update BIOS

    Download the .exe file downloaded from Dell's website and copy it into your /boot/EFI folder.
    Restarting your computer and run enter BIOS by hitting F12.
    Select 'Flash BIOS upgrade' and then select the .exe file that you downloaded from dell and wait for the update to be applied.

Change keyboard layout to "English UK" ... this worked for me


Citatel has ruined my Ubuntu 15.10 After installing updates 2 days ago, I got the screen below on startup. I don't know what a Citadel account is as I never had one!

I tried keying in my password but nothing happened (I tried different keyboards as well but still nothing is inputted). I also tried re-installing my OS but after a number of errors, an the 5 - 6 attempt I managed to get the install screen that stated that there was no OS detected. Obviously, formatting my computer is the last thing I want to do.

How can I restore my OS back to the way it was before installation?

Boot with a USB - DVD in rescue mode.
Mount the file system.
Make a copy of your data. Backup it.
Create new user, reboot again and try to login with this new user.
If nothing work. Reinstall.

Mark, I suspect that you have encountered a ransomware virus. Try booting from a DVD.  Have a look at your hard drive.  Are all the folders OK or do they have strange names? I suspect that they will be encrypted files containing all your data. Certainly, trying to reinstall the OS will fail as this action is blocked by the virus.

This vulnerability is very new on Linux. However, I understand that it is not a good one and that it is possible to enter an unencrypt key yourself and free up the machine.  Unfortunately I have lost the article.

My advice is contact Ubuntu and ask advice as they must have encountered this by now.  Alternately, search Google for Linux ransomware virus solution.

I really hope I am wrong but I suspect that I am right in interpreting your OS's symptoms.


Switch to my AMD RADEON graphics Topaz XT in Ubuntu 16.04 In About this Computer I see:

Graphics: Intel® HD Graphics 520 (Skylake GT2)

But I have got hybrid graphics. I have external AMD Radeon TOPAZ XT graphics card. How can I make it work in my Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS.

I am trying to use VGA Switcheroo, can someone tell me what commands should I add so as to make the dedicated graphics work?

Also I tried to install amdgpu-pro graphics driver but it made my screen go blank. So I had to uninstall it.

Open up Synaptic package manager and install the xserver-xorg-video-radeon package. Reboot your computer. You should automatically be switched to your Radeon card, however, you should check your additional drivers menu to be sure the switch was made.


Team fortress blue screen and random color pixels (13.4) I'm trying to run team frotress 2 on my laptop.
I have intel integrated card(About dialog says: Intel® Ironlake Mobile x86/MMX/SSE2) and i3 processor.
I have 13.04 and latests drivers. Here's a screen shot of when I run it(windowed or regular its the same.)

I have tried to play tf2 on elementaryOS(based on 12.04) and it was the same problem.

Can i run it?

I had the exact same problem: Intel® Pentium(R) CPU P6200 @ 2.13GHz × 2
Intel® Ironlake Mobile x86/MMX/SSE2 on Ubuntu 13.04

Go to Ubuntu Software Center >edit >software sources... >other software >add...

add this line > deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/oibaf/graphics-drivers/ubuntu raring main

then go to the dash, software updater, install and reboot.

Enjoy your hats ;).


Receiving Grub message without ever installing Ubuntu? I am not very knowledgeable when it comes to Ubuntu. I keep procrastinating on learning, sorry I'm digressing. My Windows 7 HD failed. I booted into Ubuntu 16.4  and retrieved my important files. I installed windows 10 onto a new hard drive. I didn't install Ubuntu. I just ran it from a CD. Now when I boot up Win10, I get,

error: no such partition.
Entering rescue mode...
grub rescue>

I've tried:
bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /scanos
bootrec /rebuildbcd

The old hard drive is still connected and I just received an message about it. Also, the HD's might be connected to their original Sata Ports. Any and all help would be awesome. Again, thank you.

Windows 10 setup typically formats and partitions the hard drive in such a way that sometimes the only option for the boot to work effectively is with Secure Boot activation. If your computer's BIOS has this option, enable it to verify that Windows 10 will boot properly.


Why is Wayland better? As recently announced by Mark Shuttleworth, Ubuntu will be moving towards using Wayland as its display manager.

What are biggest differences between X11 and Wayland? Why will Wayland make Ubuntu better?

You can see the Wayland architecture page to see how it differs in design. It's supposed to simplify the whole graphics stack by forcing everything through a standard GEM/DRM stack straight into the kernel and managing compositing itself.

Compare that to the X stack where you have bits and bobs all over the place. Some of the X mess has been through flexible design, some have been growing pains. All the compositors (Compiz/Metacity/Mutter/KWin/etc) have been added as an afterthought. They are, at their core, hacks to do what X should probably be doing itself. If things carry on expanding outwards like they have been, we'll get to a point where the project become unmaintainable.

All in all, when hardware support is there, it should make the whole stack more efficient and less painful to use in standard setups.

However there are a couple of issues that I haven't seen remedies for so far:

X is pretty network-aware. You can send windows to other computers, you can have multiple screens with remote logins and all sorts of funky things like that. This might seem fairly specialist but it's widely used technology. Wayland appears fairly local and static in comparison.
There's also driver support. Closed-source drivers are yet to support the KMS/shared-GEM/shared-DRM technologies that Wayland thrives upon. A purist might be okay with Nouveau but somebody who pays £100-400 on a high performance 3D graphics card won't be happy with the flaky poor 3d performance they'd get with the current open driver.

Update: Nvidia is working to support both Wayland and Mir.

2018 update. 17.10 used Wayland as the default display server (unless you had a closed driver, or a driver that didn't support it, or needed X). 18.04 and 18.10 both use  X as global default (though you can install Wayland).

I'm not in charge of anything but from this position, it seems like we're still a metric Nvidia away from getting real traction. Until that point, I don't think we're going to see enough mindshare and developing power get behind Wayland. The gaming/performance market is using X. The MCE market are using X (and direct framebuffers). I'm not sure Wayland will ever have a real chance.

Two little things that anyone will notice pretty quickly in day-to-day work:

Wayland does away with the papercuts that were deemed too hard to fix in X11. A famous example: Using the function keys (speaker volume, display brightness etc.) while a menu is open or the lock screen is on.
Wayland is better at input devices. For one, there are many more options for configuring touchpads, including a persistent tap-to-click setting.


Where is todotxt-cli installed? As title mentions, I want to start using it but have no idea where it is installed, I tried which todotxt-cli and whereis todotxt-cli but it says it doesn't recognise the package. Yet when I do apt-cache policy todotxt-cli, it tells me it's installed.

Missed out an important point, I installed it through the command line

sudo apt install todotxt-cli

The file list for todotxt-cli at http://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/all/todotxt-cli/filelist includes /usr/bin/todo-txt, therefore you should run todo-txt in the terminal instead.

To obtain the todo.sh file you need to go to todotxt.com.  Download the tar file and extract it to /directory/location/desired, /home/user would probably work best. Then follow the setup instructions found here Quick Start Guide.


What wireless mice work well with Ubuntu? I'm in desperate need of a decent comfortable mouse that will give me maximum performance on Ubuntu. I'm looking at a wireless Microsoft mouse, but I am concerned it will not work effectively with Ubuntu.

Is there a list of wireless mice that are confirmed to work well with Ubuntu?

Is there a place where I can get opinions from Ubuntu users about mice?

Here's a list of mice that were certified to work under Ubuntu:

Mouse Components (in Wayback Machine)

I have been looking for a mouse to support nice copy-and-paste-of-text
on Linux for over 7 years now.

I recently found the best candidate so far --- a Logitech 't400' mouse.

I am not the only one who has been lamenting the lack of such a mouse.
There are many engineers, graphics artists, 3D modeling artists, and
video effects people who have been searching for such a mouse.

About 10 comments from such people are collected at the following web page

http://www.subdude-site.com/WebPages_Local/RefInfo/Computer/Hardware/MiceAndOtherPointers/LogitechMouse_t400/LogitechMouse_t400.htm

along with some information on the mouse.

Here is a typical comment under the forum-posting title:

'Good. Could be great for Pros.'     March 1, 2013

"This is the first real 3 button mouse [the Logitech t400] that I've found
in a long time. As a VFX [video effects] professional, I use middle click
just as much as most people use left and right click. There are so many
people that use middle click everyday and are stuck using ancient mice
from the 90's or contorting their fingers to use the scroll wheel.
I bought the T400 because it looked like the old style 3 button mice,
and I was so pleased to find that it truly works like a traditional 3
button mouse. BRAVO!" --- from www.logitech.com/en-us/product/


apt-get not updating and almost everything i try to install have issues with dependencies for the millionth time guys this isn't a duplicate question and if it is, them all the solutions don't work for me. i have seen this issue in a newly installed system. I tried all the things provided on the internet including creating a new sources.list, deleted the entries of list.d folder, but when I try to run the apt-get update command I get the following:

W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release
Unable to find expected entry 'restricted/source/Sources' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)

here is the sources.list

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main universe restricted    multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty universe main multiverse restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-updates universe main multiverse restricted
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty-backports universe main multiverse restricted

# deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner
# deb-src http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu trusty partner

# deb http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main
# deb-src http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu trusty main

W: Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release

as the warning suggests its unable to fetch that url. Its your network issue. Not a source.list issue. Check if you have a working internet connection. Are you on a network that needs you to set proxy manually ? In such cases sudo apt-get update fails if proxy is not set properly for the sudo environment.

Use this
http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release

Instead of this
http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/trusty/Release

or Change DNS to google DNS or Open DNS
Goolge DNS

8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4

Openn DNS

208.67.222.222
208.67.220.220

or you still face problem see this Community help
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu


X11 doesn't show windows edges, task bar nor anything I've got a problem with X11 as when I turn on my computer, after the system has launched, I see only my desktop. I don't see the upper nor left bar. When I doubleclick a file on my desktop, a new windows show but it has no edges with buttons for closing, minimizing, maximizing, it is centered in the middle of the screen and it cannot be moved. Any work is impossible at all.

I don't even know how it could happen as I haven't been messing with any system files recently.

Firat try:

sudo updatedb

If not working then try using metacity

sudo apt-get install metacity
metacity --replace&


OpenSSL remains vulnerable after update to 14.04 We have an AWS server running OpenVPN which was built using Ubuntu 13.10. After the announcement of the Heartbleed vulnerability, we updated the server. This morning, we upgraded the server to 14.04. The current output of "openssl version -a" is:

OpenSSL 1.0.1f 6 Jan 2014
built on: Mon Apr  7 21:22:23 UTC 2014
platform: debian-amd64
options:  bn(64,64) rc4(16x,int) des(idx,cisc,16,int) blowfish(idx)
compiler: cc -fPIC -DOPENSSL_PIC -DOPENSSL_THREADS -D_REENTRANT -DDSO_DLFCN -DHAVE_DLFCN_H -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -DTERMIO -g -O2 -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -Wformat -Werror=format-security -D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -Wl,-Bsymbolic-functions -Wl,-z,relro -Wa,--noexecstack -Wall -DMD32_REG_T=int -DOPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 -DOPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m -DSHA1_ASM -DSHA256_ASM -DSHA512_ASM -DMD5_ASM -DAES_ASM -DVPAES_ASM -DBSAES_ASM -DWHIRLPOOL_ASM -DGHASH_ASM OPENSSLDIR: "/usr/lib/ssl"

I verified the fact that the server is still vulnerable using the following:

:~$ openssl s_client -connect openvpn.example.com:443 -tlsextdebug 2>&1| grep 'server extension "heartbeat" (id=15)' || echo safe
TLS server extension "heartbeat" (id=15), len=1

Attempts to run "sudo apt-get install openssl" return that the current version is already installed. What are the best options to resolve this issue? Does it appear there was a problem during distribution upgrade; i.e. is the 14.04 OpenSSL package actually outside the danger range? Or is there a possible issue with the repository itself?

As @david6 pointed out, the version of OpenSSL might still appear to be a vulnerable version. This is because Ubuntu, as many other distros, backports security fixes rather than updating to a whole newer version of the software (and possibly picking up new features and their attendant bugs along the way). So, just because you're running a "vulnerable version" of OpenSSL doesn't mean you're running a vulnerable version of OpenSSL.

However, if the available Heartbleed audits indicate you're still vulnerable, you're still vulnerable.

What I think is going on is that you've updated the package, but you haven't restarted the services that use OpenSSL, so they are still holding on to the older version that they loaded at startup.

There are two easy ways to fix that:

Reboot the server.
Identify and restart the affected services. An easy way to do this is with, checkrestart from the debian-goodies package. It should identify the affected services and even tell you what init scripts will restart them:

$ sudo apt-get install debian-goodies
$ sudo checkrestart

Upgrade to the latest and you'll be okay if you are running on Ubuntu for CVE-2016-2107:  see https://forums.openvpn.net/viewtopic.php?f=4&t=21699&p=62376#p62376

If you dpkg the current openvpn_as server you can see it's updated for openssl past the bug:

jonathan@Jonathan-Les-MacBook-Pro:~/Downloads/openvpn/usr/local/openvpn_as/lib/pkgconfig$ cat openssl.pc
prefix=/usr/local/openvpn_as
exec_prefix=$
{prefix}
libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib64
includedir=${prefix}
/include
Name: OpenSSL
Description: Secure Sockets Layer and cryptography libraries and tools
Version: 1.0.2h
Requires: libssl libcrypto

For CVE-2016-2107 in https://www.openssl.org/news/secadv/20160503.txt:
"OpenSSL 1.0.2 users should upgrade to 1.0.2h"

We upgraded to the latest and are A-OK now


How to repair a corrupted FAT32 file system I'm using the FAT32 file system for my pen drive. It frequently has file/data corruptions.

In Windows, I used the scan disk utility to fix the FAT32/NTFS file systems. How can I do this in Ubuntu?

Try typing the following command in the Linux terminal:

sudo dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1

sdc1 is usually your pen drive. You can find your pen drive by typing mount in terminal. It's somewhere inside. If that command takes too much time for you, avoid -t switch.

-w means write to disk immediately.
-r means to do disk check interactively (ask you what to do to when encountering errors). On newer versions of dosfsck this is the default.
-l means to list the filenames processed.
-a means automatically fix errors. Do not use it, if You want to have more control over fixing possible errors.
-v means verbose mode. Generates slightly more output.
-t means mark unreadable clusters as bad.

If you want to be sure not to lose your data, create a backup of the source device first.

dosfsck cheatsheet

These examples will use FAT32 and /dev/sdc1

fsck.vfat -n /dev/sdc1
- a simple non-interactive read-only check

fsck.vfat -a /dev/sdc1
- checks the file system and fixes non-interactively. Least destructive approach is always used.

fsck.vfat -r /dev/sdc1
- interactive repair. User is always prompted when there is more than a single approach to fixing a problem.

fsck.vfat -l -v -a -t /dev/sdc1
- a very verbose way of checking and repairing the filesystem non-interactively. The -t parameter will mark unreadable clusters as bad, thus making them unavailable to newly created files and directories.


No video on built-in display after installing 14.04 I just installed Ubuntu 14.04 on my Asus N53TA notebook, but after the first reboot I got no video on the built-in display, although through the hdmi port everything works fine.

If I change the built-in display resolution (through a second monitor), the display turns on, and even if I change the resolution back to what it was, it keeps working fine (until the next reboot).

Other workaround I found is to deactivate and reactivate the built-in display on Ubuntu display settings, but again, it only works until the next reboot.

The problem doesn't happen when I run Ubuntu live cd.

Any ideas?

You could install arandr.
Use arandr to set up your screen.
Then save the screen configuration to a script.
Create a new Application Autostart item and copy the command from the script there or you could set the script to run at startup.

If you see the purple screen on startup (if not press, Esc before Ubuntu starts):

Select Advanced Options.
Select Recovery Mode.
Select FailsafeX.
Click yes until you get back to continue with normal startup.

Your PC will hopefully start now. Then:

Select Programs and find Software and Updates.
Click Additional Drivers.
In the Additional Drivers dialog, select and install the display driver for your PC.

After that, restart, and everything should hopefully be in order.


How to force a clock update using ntp? I am running Ubuntu on an ARM based embedded system that lacks a battery backed RTC. The wake-up time is somewhere during 1970. Thus, I use the NTP service to update the time to the current time.

I added the following line to /etc/rc.local file:

sudo ntpdate -s time.nist.gov

However, after startup, it still takes a couple of minutes until the time is updated, during which period I cannot work effectively with tar and make.

How can I force a clock update at any given time?

UPDATE 1: The following (thanks to Eric and Stephan) works fine from command line, but fails to update the clock when put in /etc/rc.local:

$ date ; sudo service ntp stop ; sudo ntpdate -s time.nist.gov ; sudo service ntp start ; date
Thu Jan  1 00:00:58 UTC 1970
 * Stopping NTP server ntpd     [ OK ]
 * Starting NTP server          [ OK ]
Thu Feb 14 18:52:21 UTC 2013

What am I doing wrong?

UPDATE 2: I tried following the few suggestions that came in response to the 1st update, but nothing seems to actually do the job as required. Here's what I tried:

Replace the server to us.pool.ntp.org
Use explicit paths to the programs
Remove the ntp service altogether and leave just sudo ntpdate ... in rc.local
Remove the sudo from the above command in rc.local

Using the above, the machine still starts at 1970. However, when doing this from command line once logged in (via ssh), the clock gets updated as soon as I invoke ntpdate.

Last thing I did was to remove that from rc.local and place a call to ntpdate in my .bashrc file. This does update the clock as expected, and I get the true current time once the command prompt is available.

However, this means that if the machine is turned on and no user is logged in, then the time never gets updates. I can, of course, reinstall the ntp service so at least the clock is updated within a few minutes from startup, but then we're back at square 1.

So, is there a reason why placing the ntpdate command in rc.local does not perform the required task, while doing so in .bashrc works fine?

Instead of ntpdate (which is deprecated), use ntpd:

sudo service ntp stop
sudo ntpd -gq
sudo service ntp start

The -gq tells the ntp daemon to correct the time regardless of the offset (g) and exit immediately (q) after setting the time.

ntpd and ntpdate run by default using a restricted port (UDP 123).  If you are behind a firewall, ntpd will never work, but ntpdate can work with the -u option.  For example:  ntpdate -u 0.ubuntu.pool.ntp.org  or ntpdate -u time.nist.gov should both work fine.


Updated Nvidia graphics driver, now won't make it past the boot screen I recently installed a ASUS GTX560 graphics card in my desktop and out of the box everything was working fine. I decided to check for available updates and one of the suggested ones was the most current Nvidia driver. After Instillation, I rebooted and now the OS makes it to one screen past the boot loader. It is a screen with multiple tests being run and a few of the answers are "no". I tried booting in recovery and safe mode and removing the Nvidia driver update through the terminal but still to no avail. I don't want to have to do a clean install of ubuntu to get my system back because I have 3 years worth of files on the disk. I feel very lost after spending hours on the forums and I would really appreciate any help.

On 12.04 Latest - tested, steps should basically apply for previous.
If it doesn't work, add the output from fdisk -l and mount from recovery console in your question and I'll edit my answer to address it.

Boot to recovery console
Select root shell

mount

Should give you some output, you're looking for the one that has on / type in it.

/dev/sda7 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro)

You need to remount it read-write:

mount -o remount,rw /dev/sda7

Now we need to find the driver to uninstall:

jockey-text --no-dbus -l

Don't worry abound the error messages, you want the last two lines
One of them should read something like:

xorg:nvidia_current - something (Proprietary, Enabled, In use)

or

xorg:nvidia_current_updates - something (Proprietary, Enabled, In use)

You want whichever one is Enabled

jockey-text --no-dbus --disable=xorg:nvidia_current
sync
init 6

It should reboot you in to a GUI now using the noveau open source driver.

Can you try and download the drivers manually and install them (from nvidia). But you may need to modify the GRUB string to nomodeset. Also some people have fixed it by: sudo apt-get install lightdm-gtk-greeter


Is there a way to show progress when copying/moving files using the command line? sometimes with large files it takes a while and some sort of progress bar to know that its still working would be nice.

rsync --progress $SRC $DEST can show you the percentage of what has been copied so far.

Try -v after the command to do your command in verbose mode.


How do I restore a single file with Deja Dup / Nautilus 3.8? All tutorials say I have to go to the "File" menu and hit some sort of restore button, which does not consider that this freaking new file manager does not even have a menu bar. How am I supposed to reach this option? Also, there's nothing fitting in the context menu or the options menu on the right side of the Nautilus panel.

Use the command line:

deja-dup --restore path/to/file.whatever

It'll take ages to scan through the archives, but it'll restore only that file eventually.

Try right clicking.  You should get a menu option to revert the file.


Ubuntu does not boot, boot-repair not working I find myself in dire need of your help. My laptop boots into Grub fine, but then it gets stuck on the spash screen. The splash screen does keep going, but I left it for more than 30 minutes without touching it at once to no avail before giving up and force shutdown.

I have then proceeded to boot into my Utopic liveusb, install and run boot-repair, which didn't solve the problem but it did give me a notice that there was an error in the procedure. However I don't have the knowledge necessary to make sense of the log it gave me: http://paste.ubuntu.com/10179211/

I really one of you will understand something there and know how to fix it... Anyway, a bit more context:

My laptop is an Asus UX301, it has been running Ubuntu (13.10, then 14.04 and now 14.10) more than fine for about a year now, I hadn't had any issue (not even slight ones) for months until now, what led to the state it is now seems to have happened after I closed the lid to suspend the computer, only to find it heated up a few hours later and unresponsive, forcing me to force shutdown and to find it not booting up after letting it cool for a few minutes.

The laptop is running two 256 gigs Sandisk SSDs in Raid0, which has me scared that one of them has had a failure and killed the array. However, I'm no expert (not at all), but when I booted up the LiveUSB and got into gparted, it did recognize the Raid array and its filesystems and both drives individually, as well as what seems like the right proportion of used/unused space on the array, which makes me hopeful that the drives are both fine-ish at least. I may be completely delusional, not knowledgeable enough to make such assumptions...

So yeah, here's to hoping one of you has the answer to my issue. If you think the drives are OK, but the system is lost, I would appreciate it if you let me know of a way to access the array and salvage what unbacked-up data I had lying around before reinstalling.

Thanks in advance for your answers !

PS: If you need any further information to help, I'll try and provide it as fast as possible.

Edit: Little update, I have managed to access my root partition from the LiveUSB (it was sitting in Nautilus and I just didn't notice it before) and all the data on it, so backing up the files I need from the home partition will be no problem if it is needed. Also mostly confirms that the array isn't corrupted, which means no drive has failed.

It's just a question of whether or not the system per se is fixable or if reinstalling is my only option.

Seems like you are repairing the boot loader on the USB disk. Try boot-repair /dev/sda and update-grub /dev/sda


Given a path, test if its application I am making a little .desktop creator thing, where users provide a path. Path can be a link application or directory. Is there any direct way to test if is app? I can do test if its a directory.

Thanks

See man bash, and you can do things like:

   -a file
          True if file exists.
   -d file
          True if file exists and is a directory.
   -e file
          True if file exists.
   -f file
          True if file exists and is a regular file.
   -u file
          True if file exists and its set-user-id bit is set.
   -x file
          True if file exists and is executable.
    -L file
          True if file exists and is a symbolic link.

and many, many more.

You can also look "inside" the file with the file command (see man file) to gain more information.

Rather than parsing the output of ls (which always leads to eventual confusion), one should use /usr/bin/stat -c "%a %n" filename:

$ stat -c "%a %n" .bashrc
700 .bashrc

Test if it's an application?  You can check to see if it's executable:

ls -l {path} | cut -d " " -f 1 | grep -c x

Will return 0 if not executable, or a positive integer if executable.


What alternatives for sticky notes are available? I like the Sticky Notes very much, they are always on the desktop.

But I can't find it in Ubuntu since 12.04. Other programs like gnotes & Xjournal are not giving a feature to stay on the desktop.

So, is there any application similar to the old sticky notes in Ubuntu?

Good news: you can have Sticky Notes in Ubuntu.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:umang/indicator-stickynotes
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-stickynotes

If you'd also like to try an alternative, I can suggest XPad as well, which should be in the official repositories.

I will suggest you SimpleNote.This application that works across different platforms and mobile devices, then you should take a look at Simplenote. Your notes stay updated across all your devices and stay organized so you can find notes quickly with instant searching and simple tags.

https://simplenote.com/

Imagesource: https://simplenote.com/2017/11/20/windows-and-linux-app-update-now-available-2/


How do I non-interactively provision ubuntu virtual machines using `libvirt`? Previously (some years back) I have used vmbuilder, but this now seems to be unmaintained and cannot be used with newer ubuntu versions.

I have also tried vagrant with vagrant-libvirt plugin, apart from this method requires a huge amount of packages to be installed it didn't work in the end after all because there is no ubuntu cloud images for the libvirt provider.

I have also looked into standard virt-installer providing the standard ISO image as CD-ROM, but that is not non-interactive. Apart from that I also ran into a ubiquity bug during the interactive installation.

So what is the best way to non-interactively provision ubuntu virtual
machines using libvirt? Or what is the replacement of vmbuilder?

I think you are looking for virt-builder.

Virt-builder starts with cleanly installed OS templates for a variety of distributions and allows you to customize them by setting a root password, copying in files, and more.

Virt-builder is in the libguestfs-tools package.

sudo apt install libguestfs-tools

These basic commands should get you started; you can find more advanced stuff in the man page.

List the available VM templates:

virt-builder --list

Create a fresh Ubuntu 18.04 LTS image:

virt-builder ubuntu-18.04

By default, virt-builder creates no user accounts, and enables the root account with a random password, which is printed on your terminal when the VM image is created. As mentioned before, you can change this with various command options.

(Note that with respect to Ubuntu, virt-builder only supports LTS releases of Ubuntu.)

Things move fast in Ubuntu Land....as of Q4 2019, I would be using Multipass for virtual machines and LXD for machine containers. Ideally using Ubuntu images...

Configuration of machine instances is handled differently:

Machine containers - use LXD profiles
Virtual Machines - cloud-init for initial configuration of network and user data settings

If you are wanting to run a variety of different OS flavours then things get a bit more complicated....


Not able to go into the desktop, stuck in lock screen Few days back I tried to update my Dell XPS from Ubuntu 14.04 to Ubuntu 16.04, the system got shut down before the upgradation was complete. When I boot the system again it just stays in the lock screen even if I enter the correct password.And the lock screen shows version 14.04 instead of 16.04 while the ubuntu screen shows it as 16.04. I have even tried booting with a different distro(using a live USB) but I get a boot error and operations system not found error. I am stuck as I have only one OS in the system.

I even get a 'failed to load kernel modules' error after booting.

I think that the best idea is to reinstall Ubuntu, but if you can´t you could try the recovery options during boot, by holding Left Shift during boot. But to me it sounds like you have messed up, mixed Ubuntu now. If you´d ask me, I would have done a reinstall.


.sh files won't run, even after permission given I have had a long history of not being able to run .sh files. I don't understand what the underlying problem is,(I'm a little bit new to Ubuntu/UNIX based systems). When I try to run certain .sh scripts I get the following error, accompanied by the Ubuntu Software Center starting up:

"The file "/home/user/Downloads/netbeans-8.1-cpp-linux-x86.sh" could not be opened."

As a clarification, I have been double clicking directly on the .sh file in the file system.

There are two reasons why a simple script on linux may not execute:

The path is not correct.
Unlike Windows, the current directory is not in the search path of the shell. So, to call a script in the current directory, you have to specify the current directory with the dot . before the name of the script: ./script.sh. Alternatively you can specify the full path: /home/user/script.sh
The script file is missing.
Or it is under a different path. This the same as above.

You can execute scripts in two ways:

specify the name (with path) on the commandline. And - if the permissions are correct - the file will be run with the shell (if the shebang is correct)
use the shell command sh and specify the script as argument. Then, it's not necessary to specify the path, however the shell needs to be able to find the script. You would execute a script in the current directory like this: sh script.sh

Try the command "chmod 777 " and then your file name. To run enter the name of your sh file with a ./ in front of it. Expempli gratia:
chmod 777 coolman.sh
./coolman.sh


Why can't the Unity panel be hidden? What intrinsic purpose does the static unity panel hold for the OS?

There has to be a great reason for this thing to HAVE to be here.  It ONLY goes away in fullscreen apps and I can't use everything fullscreen

Why can the unity panel not be hidden?

The Unity panel cannot be hidden because the code doesn't currently allow it. Why it doesn't allow it is because nobody has added the code to allow it. Is it written in stone that it has to be that way? I don't know. I doubt it. If you can come up with good solutions to the problems that arise when the panel is hidden, I'm very confident they will be considered. But it is important to not think about these things too subjectively. We can't consider one part of the puzzle at a time. We have to consider all of it simultaneously. For instance, we don't want the desktop to feel completely different if a window is maximized or not. That would be inconsistent and confusing.

The top panel is used for indications, and these are important. Because unlike other operating systems and desktops, notifications doesn't stay open. So you need a way to see that something has happened if you haven't been looking at the screen. This could be done differently, but then other issues tend to pop up.

The panel itself doesn't actually consume much extra space. Because it also saves space that was previously used by the window menu bars. So the screen real estate is just used somewhere else. If you have more than one window open, then it will often consume much less space than was previously used. In any case, on a large screen, the panel doesn't consume much space.

The smaller a screen becomes, the more likely it is that you'll maximize your windows and use one at a time. In that case, the panel doesn't consume any space at all. The window decorator will be merged into it, so even if it is still visible, it doesn't consume any extra space! Neat trick, that one.

In multiple screen scenarios, however, the discussion about whether it should be visible on all screens is valid and interesting. I don't know if any conclusions have been drawn in that regard. It might be that it should be configurable. But that's not an easy discussion either. There are so many possibilities, but we probably wouldn't want to have all those options in code and in config GUIs. Perhaps one good option would be to use the same choice as for the launcher? But some might not like that. My guess is that this will become configurable in some way in the future, but that it won't happen in 12.04. But that's just a guess.

I hope this at least helps explain why it isn't obvious that it should be possible to hide the panel. Or at least not obvious enough that it should take precedence over other tasks. And like everything else, you know, development resources are limited.

12.04 official release allows auto-hide of the unity panel.

Open System Settings and click on Appearance and select the Behavior tab to adjust the settings.


cant play certain dvd's on ubuntu/mint I have followed every instruction imaginable but still cannot get "certain" (disney is one culprit) dvd's to play on my mint/ubuntu setup - they play perfectly on a windows 7 laptop
I have tried vlc with menus off, copied the full dvd with dd etc etc its not even worth going through what didn't help

Handbrake sometimes works but often copies the wrong title
vlc sometimes works without menus but then jumbles up the titles as well

This is embarrassing, I wouldn't mind paying a small amount to get the decryption on ubuntu, it is clearly been setup to stop copying - I just want to play the dvd that I rented from the rental shop

You are probably encountering a type of "copy protection" whereby the DVD is filled with up to 98 "fake" titles that contain the movie scenes in the wrong order, with only a single title that is actually the one you want to play. This has nothing to do with encryption or CSS so installing updated libraries or switching distributions probably won't help.

It is also my experience that Disney are notorious for doing this with their recent DVD releases (including almost anything from Pixar).

There are a couple of techniques that usually work for me.

Try playing dvdnav:// rather than dvd:// in mplayer. This will show the DVD menus, which you can often navigate to the correct title. If you pass the -quiet option to mplayer it sometimes prints out which titles it it is switching to, which will reveal the correct title once the main feature starts playing.
Use xine to play the DVD, and navigate the menus to the main feature as above. Once the movie is playing, dragging the playbar backwards and forwards causes the title number to be briefly shown in the status display. You can then use this title number as the argument to mplayer dvd://<titlenum>, or in VLC or your application of choice.
If all else fails, I reboot into Windows and use Media Player Classic to play the DVD. This has not failed so far, and shows the correct title number in its status display. Much as I hate having to use Windows software to work around a problem in Linux, I have had to resort to this with a couple of particularly stubborn disks.

It may be possible to use other software that I haven't tried; the important point is that you must navigate through the DVD menus because only the menus "know" which of the DVD titles contains the actual movie.

I unchecked "No Disc Menus" in VLC. - when you select 'Open Disc' a popup window opens. Therein that menu is "No Disc Menus" pre-selected, unselect it.

Worked with a Netflix DVD.


Elantech touchpad does not work (i2c-hid) TL;DR; WTF!?

The substance of this question is in the title and in bold. Some touchpads, designed for Win8/10, behave erratically with the Linux i2c-hid kernel module.

There are a lot of questions related to Elantech touchpads not working.  This question is not a duplicate.  Well, it is, but it isn't.  Basically, these touchpads are super finicky and have given a lot of people problems under a variety of conditions.

Sometimes it works or doesn't work when I reboot and the mouse cursor does or doesn't appear.  Sometimes it stops working when I'm typing on page 37 of a particular document in Abiword, but page 23 when using LibreOffice.  Sometimes it becomes extra finicky when using even-numbered kernel updates, but super stable with odd-numbered updates.  Same for any Ubuntu releases ending in .04 or .10 ... or that occur on a prime-numbered year, or when the sum of the digits of the version number is prime (1+8+0+4 = 13).  Often it stops working when it "knows" I'm doing something important, exactly 666 ms before I am about to save my work.

In short, all of these details are just random noise.  They have nothing to do with whether the touchpad works.  It is just a horrible device designed to make my life miserable.  But I can't tear my laptop apart to replace it!

This is a meta-question intended to get at the underlying problem with these touchpads, which is they are all on laptops that ran Windows 8/10.

Is there is no ritual, no magic, that can make this touchpad cooperate with operating systems christened outside the MS Temple?  What praises can I utter?  What blessings can I seek?  To make this touchpad work?

TL;DR; WTF!?

MS created a new protocol, HID over I2C.  Neither MS nor touchpad manufacturers actually follow the specs.
As a result, many touchpads that require the new protocol don't work well with the Linux kernel module i2c-hid. Sometimes kernel updates can resolve the problem (or cause it to return).
If possible, disable HID over I2C.  On some computers, the setting may be in BIOS.  But on other computers, the setting may changed only from within Windows.
Sometimes rebooting or switching the touchpad on and off can help.  Sometimes detaching the touchpad, as on an MS Surface or Acer Switch Alpha, can get it working again.

The underlying problem is HID over I2C, an input device protocol created by Microsoft and first used in Windows 8.  Because device manufacturers often don't read, or perhaps intentionally don't follow, specs, Microsoft has put a lot of little quirks into the driver to make it work.  Or perhaps, it's the other way around?  Microsoft has a lot of quirks in the driver so manufacturers cannot follow specs if they are to expect their devices to work (on Windows, until there is one of those "Creator" updates -- so named because they create new, never-before-seen bugs).

On Linux, the kernel module that handles this protocol is i2c-hid.  People have varying degrees of success getting the touchpad to work by changing or patching kernels because fixing the driver for one device can break another device.  If you find a kernel for which this device works and have no other problems, freeze that version immediately.  Never uninstall new kernels unless you have two or more consecutive kernels for which the touchpad consistently works because the touchpad has quantum circuits that activate quarky behavior when it detects the number of stable kernels you have installed is less than or greater than 1.4142, plus-or-minus a counter-anti-counterclockwise spin, which is a single spin in three independent directions, simultaneously.  (Such puzzles are not for us to question.)

A potential solution is to turn off HID over I2C in BIOS.  There is no consistent name for this setting.  It may be tied to some other setting, like EFI.  It might be doable only from within Windows.  It may be impossible.  Consider performing a ritual in which plenty of alcohol is imbibed before attempting this.  If this setting can be disabled, the psmouse kernel module will take care of the touchpad.

But sometimes you have to turn on HID over I2C.  The nature of these devices is they may not work properly with the psmouse module.  Sometimes it is helpful to perform ancient rituals in which sacred, so-called four-letter, words are shouted and while the computer is rebooted or the touchpad on-off switch is pressed multiple times in a pattern that is pleasing to the gods of computation.  If that does not work, the hopeless sometimes receive answers to their prayers upon ripping the touchpad from the rest of the computer.

We must be vigilant in these trying times.  As we continue our Exodus, may our prayers be heard so that we may someday see freedom from the reign of MS.

There is no need for changes on HID or i2c setup, or any hardcore instalation. For me the problem was the Ubuntu Touchpad feature that disabled the right click to touch gesture(try tap with two fingers) use Gnome-tweak-tools to fix it.


How do I get Bibilioteca running on Wine? I've got a problem with Wine. I installed the package I found in the Ubuntu Software Center but it doesn't work with Biblioteca PC (that is a German dictionary). I have Ubuntu 11.10 and it worked fine with Ubuntu 11.04.

Do I need to install something else, or is there any other way to get the program running under Wine?

В Ubuntu 11.04 программа работала нормально(стояло Wine1.3).После обновления до Ubuntu 11.10 и обновления Wine1.3 до Wine1.3.31 - появились проблемы.Убрал Wine1.3.31 и поставил Wine1.2 - всё заработало как и в Ubuntu 11.04.Буду рад,если это поможет.

Google Translate:

In Ubuntu 11.04 program worked just fine (standing Wine1.3). After upgrading to Ubuntu 11.10 and upgrade to Wine1.3 Wine1.3.31 - appeared problemy.Ubral Wine1.3.31 and put Wine1.2 - it worked as well in Ubuntu 11.04.Budu happy if it helps.


Ubuntu 16.04 Python 3.5 bz2 broken So my Python3.5 in Ubuntu 16.04 is missing bz2(when I try to import bz2 it gives me ImportError). The problem is that both Python3.4 and Python2.7 can import bz2. I've found numerous posts with the same problem and one solution was to install libpython3.5-stdlib which gives me the following error:

Setting up python3-pytango (8.1.8-1) ...
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/PyTango/tango_gevent.py", line 56
    raise result.error_string, None, result.tb
                             ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

dpkg: error processing package python3-pytango (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 python3-pytango
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

So I naturally tried to install PyTango for my Python3.5 and it gives me the following error:

Command "/usr/local/bin/python3.5 -u -c
"import setuptools, tokenize;__file__=
'/tmp/pip-build-8aedpxb_/pytango/setup.py';f=
getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);
code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');
f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))"
install --record /tmp/pip-8p527w_d-record/install-record.txt
--single-version-externally-managed --compile"
failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-8aedpxb_/pytango/

Is there any way I can fix this?

remove python3-pytango with this:

sudo apt-get remove python3-pytango

then remove the existing dependency

sudo apt-get autoremove

May be a solution.
It's like I've ever experienced


F? (f.e. F8) shortcuts not working in geany I'd like to ask for tips why shortucts f.e. for build F9 or compile F8 are not working in Geany text editor.

I tried to assign different shortcuts including Ctrl+F8 or Ctrl+Shift+B and none of them worked.

I observe that this only happens after accidentally pressing the shortcuts in the VTE (the embedded terminal). Even after switching focus back to the main editor, these shortcuts still do not work.

To fix, go to Edit -> Preferences -> Terminal, then uncheck the "Override Geany keybindings" option. However this will disable all keybindings for the terminal, including Ctrl+C for SIGINT. If you don't want that, you'll have to restart Geany everytime it doesn't work.

This bug has been filed here, but it was closed as "won't fix". It seems to be affecting Unity only, and to quote Lex Trotman,

  This is a Unity bug and not something we can fix.

I reported this on Launchpad.

Some keyboards (like Microsoft's Digital Media Keyboard 3000) requires Fn lock to use the "F*" keys. Perhaps it is due to that.


Give user permissions for root folder hi so I have installed xampp on my Ubuntu laptop and I want to give the user "John" full permissions on the folders /opt/*

How can I do this? Right now you need to be root

According to here, to set security for xampp, you can run the following commands:

sudo -s
/opt/lampp/lampp security

answer:

yes

to all questions and create a password for each of the categories.

When you are finished, don't forget to type:

exit

and

sudo -k

Now, on the index.php page it should ask you for a username. The default username is

lampp

Use the password you created for the password.

It is not recommended you give permission to john instead of root for security purposes. That is one of the many reasons viruses are so easily to install on a windows system because you don't need root permission to install applications. Many applications install to the opt directory.

If there is something you want to do to files in that directory, John can use the sudo command to alter those files.

If you want to use your file manager to alter files, you can start the file manager using gksu to give john temporary permission to do whatever it is you want to do without defeating the secure structure of having a nix based system.

First, to install gksu, run the following commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gksu

Press ALT + F2 and then type:

gksu nautilus

and then press ENTER.

You will be prompted for your password and then the file manager will open with root permission so BE CAREFUL.

It'll be better if the '/opt' folder isn't writeable from a normal user but to give John full permissions to a it, you may make him the owner of the directory and it's contents.

Use the following command (expecting the username is John):

sudo chown -R John /opt


xbindkeys: Conflicting program So my issue is I just reinstalled Ubuntu 13.04 and as always I install xbindkeys and set up my search button to be middle click and the scroll wheel side clicks to copy/paste. However it was working but after a reboot it didn't start. Tried to manually start but nothing, and xbindkeys -n shows:

*** Warning *** Please verify that there is not another program running
which captures one of the keys captured by xbindkeys. It seems that there
is a conflict, and xbindkeys can't grab all the keys defined in its
configuration file.

How can I find out what is conflicting with xbindkeys? I disabled the Search key shortcut in the Settings > Keyboard which worked last time but this time its not helping.

The only solution I see is to kill processes one by one and try to run xbindkeys -n each time. Then you will be able to deduce which process occupies your key combinations. To identify which PIDs you should kill look at ps aufx|grep $(whoami). Start with obvious ones, then continue with leaves except of course non-X applications (bash, mc, etc.) and your terminal application. Unless you kill your terminal app you should be able to proceed.

Cite from Community Help Wiki - Keyboard Shortcuts

  Laptop Function Shortcuts

  Many laptops have function Fn keys which you can hold down
  to access more functions on the laptop's keyboard. A list of these
  functions should be available from the manufacturer of the laptop.

  Text Entry Shortcuts

  If you want to have quick access to lines of text by using a hotkey,
  for example to enter your email address in forms, then you can use
  xbindkeys. Xbindkeys has a GUI utility to allow easy settings of
  hotkeys, but be aware that it's a little more complicated than the
  default Ubuntu Shortcutkeys interface.

  Install xbindkeys:

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys

  Create the default config file for xbindkeys:

xbindkeys --defaults > /home/your-user-name/.xbindkeysrc

  When thats done, install xbindkeys-config, the GUI for xbindkeys:

sudo apt-get install xbindkeys-config

  Now the utility that actually does the "typing":

sudo apt-get install xvkbd

  Once each is installed, start both applications by bringing up Run
  Application Alt+F2:

xbindkeys

  and Alt+F2:

xbindkeys-config

  To keep the xbindkeys hotkeys active when you next start the
  computer you will have to add a new session, System > Preferences >
  Sessions. Put in the command xbindkeys into the command field.

  You should be able to see the Xbindkeys Config window. Start a new
  hotkey. Hit New on the bottom row of buttons. Then use the edit
  area at the top right. Give the hotkey a name. Hit the GetKey
  button to set the keypress for a hotkey. Some hotkeys may conflict
  with other hotkeys on the system (a window will open or a compiz
  plugin will activate). If this happens then choose another combination
  like Ctrl+Alt+F for example.

  Now put the command to activate with that hotkey in the Action
  field. This can be anything, but to allow for the entry of a line of
  text into part of the GUI enter

xvkbd -xsendevent -text "myemail@server.com"

  The example shows an email address but it can be any line of text. Now
  hit Apply and test the hotkey in a Firefox field, text editor, or
  anywhere that text can be entered. Please note that using Run
  Action will not be able to test the command in xbindkeys-config,
  you will have to test it somewhere else.

  Replacing keys with other keys

  If you want to use xbindkeys to override certain keys on your
  keyboard, you can catch them with xbindkeys, and then emit new
  keypresses using xmacro. To install xmacro, use:

sudo apt-get install xmacro

  After this, you can find out the commands for specific keypresses by
  starting xmacrorec:

xmacrorec :0.0

  First give it the key which will allow you to quit the app, then press
  the keys you want to know the codes for. After this, you can use those
  codes in the commands you tell xbindkeys to run, for example:

xmacroplay-keys :0.0 KeyStr Next

  will simulate a key press of the PageDown key. Thus, in my .xbindkeysrc the following contents

"xmacroplay-keys :0.0 KeyStr Prior"
  XF86Back

"xmacroplay-keys :0.0 KeyStr Next"
  XF86Forward

  will turn the Backward/Forward buttons on my Thinkpad T41 into PageDown and PageUp keys, and
  will no longer disturb my browsing as I accidentally press those
  Backward/Forward while browsing.


Synaptic installs Firefox when uninstalling Chromium I use Iron so I wanted to uninstall Chromium, so I marked the packages for removal in Synaptic and clicked "go" and I was startled to see Synaptic install Firefox. After that was done, I marked the FF packages for removal and took a closer look. Synaptic wanted to install Epiphany. What the heck?

If you do:

aptitude why firefox

you can find what package is requiring firefox. In my case it was gecko media player, so I removed it and chromium could be removed no problem.

I think you dont have any other browser except Chromium which is why synaptic trying to install ffox.


How to know if graphics card is supported on Unity? I am looking to purchase a computer and put Ubuntu / Unity on it.  I am not a hardware expert but I do know how to navigate around Ubuntu.  I am having trouble finding whether or not the computers graphic card is supported or not.  I am not looking to maximize the use of the graphics card but want to make sure it will support external monitors (hopefully 2).  here are the specifications on the computer:

Inspiron 15 7000 Series
16GB, DDR3L, 2 DIMM, 1600MHz
256GB Solid State Drive
**AMD Radeon R7 M270 4GB DDR3**
15.6-inch 4K Ultra HD (3840 x 2160) Truelife LED-Backlit Touch Display with Wide Viewing Angle (IPS)
802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.0, Dual Band 2.4&5GHz, 2x2
MUI Documentation
Backlit Keyboard, US English
US Power Cord
BRAD15BDW1601_5208/US/CA/BTO
58WHr, 4-C (rem) [58 WHr, 4-Cell Battery (removable)]
802.11ac + Bluetooth 4.0, Dual Band 2.4&5GHz, 2x2 Wireless Driver

Thanks in advance

EDIT
Here is the link to the computer:
http://configure.us.dell.com/dellstore/config.aspx?oc=cai157w8ps5208&model_id=inspiron-15-7548-laptop&c=us&l=en&s=bsd&cs=04

According to this Romanian Website, you should be good!

EDIT: Model number on the laptop itself is slightly different, but the graphics card is the same model so laptop model shouldn't make any difference.

EDIT 2: So, it was clarified that this is a certified (pre-installed) rather than a certified installation, meaning there could have been modifications done the standard Ubuntu image, such as custom drivers. So, you should be okay, but as the comments on the original question indicated, it would be best to try with a LiveUSB first because one of those modifications could have been a custom driver for the graphics.

Did you try to check this link ?

http://wiki.cchtml.com/index.php/Hardware

Sorry for my fast answer.

In your case your AMD Radeon R7 M270 4GB DDR3 (AMD Radeon™ R9 270 Series ? or AMD Radeon™ R7 260 Series ?) seems to be supported (see release note on the driver).

Linux Distributions Supported:

The latest version of the ATI Catalyst™ Linux Software Suite is designed to support the following Linux distributions:

Linux Distribution Specific
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Suite 7.0 , 6.5
    Ubuntu 12.04.4 LTS, 14.04 LTS

source : http://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMDCatalystOmegaLINReleaseNotes.aspx

I can't tell you it will works @ 100%, but all seems good (or will be fixed quite fast, because it's new).

The real problem it's when you have an old graphics card :)


is it possible for windows viruses when downloaded through ubuntu affect my windows os I know that Ubuntu is immune to virus so there is no question of it getting infected while browsing the net.however I frequently transfer files from my pendrive (which I get from other virus infested computers) to my own laptop and save it on the data drive which is shared by both windows and Ubuntu.

I would like to know if there is a chance for Windows viruses which might get saved and then infect it whenever I switch to windows later on.its ironic that I scan my pendrive using avast on Windows and then save all my files to my hard drive to keep my laptop free from virus even though I have Ubuntu.

Can anyone suggest an alternative?

Viruses affect systems where that file is executed on.

You can not execute an .exe on a normal Ubuntu so there you will not have an issue. Viruses for Linux are not that mature to affect us. The smaller marketshare might have something to do with it. Or that the average Linux user is more aware of what he/she is doing. Might be all of those. But nevertheless a Linux virus like they appear in Windows has yet to be found.

2 problem area's:

You can execute it with wine. Wine has restrictions but this can(/will) affect your wine 'partition' and programs used with wine and everything you can access from within wine as long as the Linux permissions let you. So -never- use sudo or go to root when using wine (this is more of a general rule and not related to Viruses).
If you use Ubuntu to download a file with a virus and then move the file to a Windows system this virus will be activated on executing that file and it will affect your Windows system.

So the answer to your question is: yes, if you move those files to a Windows system it will be able to harm your Windows system. But for those last 2 cases you can use a virus scanner on Ubuntu to check files before you move them to Windows. Catching the bug before it reaches the OS it is meant to mess with is the smarter options (besides not using Windows ;) )

Some interesting topics:

Is installing wine in Ubuntu safe?
Old but still valid and an interesting read: http://archive09.linux.com/feature/42031
And this for some smiles: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=72598 Noteworthy: Linux system compromised due to using sudo: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=391869&postcount=12 (usr and cups got infected).

No, the reason Ubuntu is immune to Windows viruses is because they cannot execute, they're written for windows and windows libraries. The only way to execute a Windows Viruses in Ubuntu or any Linux distro is from Wine, if you do that I will only be able to affect your virtual C drive that wine creates (not your actual C drive with windows)

TL:DR No.


Where do I find the random generated password after the phpmyadmin installation? I installed phpmyadmin in my Ubuntu 12 server, during the installation process with dbconfig-common I left the phpmyadmin password blank. The system said a random password will be generated. That's fantastic but.. where the hell do I find this password???

I searched the web high and low it seems I am the only one with this problem.

You can reset the root password of your phpmyadmin by following theses steps:
Resetting forgotten phpmyadmin password
(sorry for bad english! :-D)


How to remove an application? I uninstalled Scilab from my system using Synaptic Package Manager. But still there is a folder named .Scilab in my home folder. This is the case with other removed applications. How can I get rid of them?

You can remove the .deb installed package with:

$ sudo apt remove [packagename] --purge

Uninstalling an application doesn't delete the files in your personal space.  Uninstalling an application is a system-wide feature performed by the administrator.  When the IT remove something, the application will not seek out all the users personal space and make changes to their files.  It's up to the user to make the changes himself.

By the same logic, installing a program will not go out into the personal space of all the users to install configuration files in their space.  It's up to the user to interact with the application and manage their configuration files.

If you want to reset many applications to their defaults you can delete the configuration files from that particular application, then when running it again, it will create the needed configuration space.

If the IT uninstalled Google-Chrome or Thunderbird so that he could freshly install a new version, the application would not delete the ~/.config/google-chrome or your .thunderbird folders with your personal configuration and data.

Run this on your terminal:

sudo apt-get autoremove

If you want remove configuration file permanently then follow this answer

https://askubuntu.com/a/20133/633029


Can't add Google account on Ubuntu Gnome 17.04 I click add Google account, enter my email and password but then blank page. Nothing happens. I don't see anything in logs.

As a temporary solution you can login to your Google account without entering passwords and it works for online-accounts.

Go to https://myaccount.google.com/signinoptions/phone-sign-in/welcome
Select "Add a phone"
Follow the instructions
Open online-accounts, select Google, enter your email
Use your phone to add Google account to online-accounts

More information you can find here: https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/6361026?hl=en

I am also running into the same issue.  I am wondering if it has something to do with two-step authentication. As a side note, I get these warnings in the terminal:

** (gnome-control-center:5425): WARNING **: Ignoring launcher gufw (missing desktop file)

** (gnome-control-center:5425): WARNING **: Ignoring launcher landscape-client-settings (missing desktop file)

** (gnome-control-center:5425): WARNING **: Ignoring launcher language-selector (missing desktop file)

** (gnome-control-center:5425): WARNING **: Ignoring launcher system-config-printer (missing desktop file)

** (gnome-control-center:5425): WARNING **: Ignoring launcher ubuntuone-installer (missing desktop file)


How to save rules of the iptables? I create the rules to iptables. But, when I restart the computer, the rules don't work!
How to save the rules on Ubuntu ?

The was problem solved!

do:

After of the write the commands iptables, do:

 1. sudo su
 2. iptables-save > /etc/iptables.rules
 3. In /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables,put:

 #!/bin/sh
 iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
 exit 0

 4. After, in /etc/network/if-post-down.d/iptables,put:
 #!/bin/sh
 iptables-save -c > /etc/iptables.rules
 if [ -f /etc/iptables.rules ]; then
 iptables-restore < /etc/iptables.rules
 fi
 exit 0
 5. After, give permission to the scripts:
 sudo chmod +x /etc/network/if-post-down.d/iptables
 sudo chmod +x /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/iptables

More information: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo#Saving_iptables
Good luck!

The easy way is to use iptables-persistent.

Install iptables-persistent:

sudo apt-get install iptables-persistent

After it's installed, you can save/reload iptables rules anytime:

sudo /etc/init.d/iptables-persistent save
sudo /etc/init.d/iptables-persistent reload

Ubuntu 16.04 Server

The installation as described above works without a problem, but the two commands for saving and reloading above do not seem to work with a 16.04 server. The following commands work with that version:

sudo netfilter-persistent save
sudo netfilter-persistent reload

The generic method of saving iptables rules is to use the command iptables-save, which writes to stdout.

iptables-save > /etc/network/iptables.rules

The output created by iptables-save can then by read on stdin by iptables-restore. If on a server, without NetworkManager, a common approach is then to use a pre-up command in /etc/network/interfaces.

iface eth0 inet static
        ....
        pre-up iptables-restore < /etc/network/iptables.rules

If you are using NetworkManager it should be possible to run the same command from a script created under /etc/NetworkManager/dispatcher.d/. In the Community Documentation - iptables howto, see Configuration on Startup for NetworkManager for more information.

Do note that the commands iptables, iptables-save and iptables-restore are IPv4 only. For IPv6 traffic the equivalent commands are ip6tables, ip6tables-save and ip6tables-restore.


How could I shutdown a remote host, in my network thru ssh, with a local host? The question is simple.
What would be the script I would have to use to shut down a computer in my network thru ssh.

Normaly i would go to command line and:

ssh desktop

delik@desktop's password:

delik@desktop:~$ sudo shutdown -P 0

To power on I created a file and wrote:

wakeonlan xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx

And gave it the executable bit

That way to power on it requires only a double click. Would i be capable of doing the same to shutdown?

Assuming that the user you are going to use in remote.host is the same you use in local.host
In order to do that you have to first authorize your local.host to connect to you remote.host with no password.
To do that you have to: (as described here)

Step 1: Install ssh

sudo apt-get install ssh

Step 2: Create public and private keys using ssh-key-gen on local-host

On your local host, enter this command:

ssh-keygen

You should save the generated key in:

/home/yourusername/.ssh/id_rsa

Press enter twice to leave the passphrase empty.

Your identification has been saved in /home/yourusername/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/yourusername/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
XX:XX:XX:xX:XX:xX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX yourusername@local-host

Step 3: Copy the public key to remote-host using ssh-copy-id

yourusername@local-host$ ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub remote-host
yourusername@remote-host's password:

Now try logging into the machine, with "ssh remote-host", and check in:

.ssh/authorized_keys

to make sure we haven't added extra keys that you weren't expecting.

Note: ssh-copy-id appends the keys to the remote-host’s /home/yourusername/.ssh/authorized_key

Step 4: Login to remote-host without entering the password

ssh remote-host
yourusername@remote.host:~$

Access to remote-host with no password. Success!

Now you have to be able to execute the sudo shutdown -P 0 with no password.

Modify /etc/sudoers on remote.host with visudo

That way user "yourusername" can execute the shutdown command with no password asked.
Login to the remote host.

ssh remote.host

Run:

sudo visudo

By running visudo, it leads to edit /etc/sudoers.
Adding the line below to that file.

yourusername ALL = NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown

Done that, get back to your local.host
Create a new empty file and paste this line, modifying the remote.host's name

ssh remote.host sudo shutdown -P 0

Save and close it, go to it's Properties slide to Permissions, and tic the execute this file as a program

Script Done!

You can use an user-account with a keyfile instead of a password (so you don't have to type in the password to login).
You can also give the user a "default shell" that is not bash or sh, but "shutmedown.sh" or something like this, which will exec your shutdown-code.


How to control power of MAAS nodes via the CLI? From the CLI help entry, maas doesn't seem to have the ability to turn off power to individual nodes. I can't use the web interface because reasons.

I've identified the correct system_id of the node and can query the power parameters:

$ maas imran node power-parameters w3qbqc
{
    "power_pass": "thiswasapassword",
    "power_user": "maas",
    "power_address": "10.1.1.2",
    "power_driver": "LAN_2_0",
    "mac_address": ""
}

But there seems to be no way to control the power:

root@cluster00:~# maas imran node -h
usage: /usr/bin/maas imran node [-h] COMMAND ...

Manage an individual Node.

optional arguments:
  -h, --help        show this help message and exit

drill down:
  COMMAND
    read            Read a specific Node.
    delete          Delete a specific Node.
    details         Obtain various system details.
    power-parameters
                    Obtain power parameters.

The Node is identified by its system_id.

maas imran machine power-on w3qbqc is what you want.

A node is an instance to provide image/service. A machine is an instance to take care of physical (bare metal) items (like power on/off and the other bare metal configuration). So nodes have only "power parameters" to show, which is a part of the current service status, and machines control the power on/off, which is a part of the bare metal setup.

What maas does is to abstract the operation of the node, focusing on the power on/off action (namely start/stop the node) so you don't need to take care of the power parameters if you have setup them already at the very beginning.

There is a way to change the power parameters.
Try using:

  maas imran machine update w3qbqc power_type=<power_type> power_parameters_power_address="<new power address>" power_parameters_power_user="<user>" power_parameters_power_password="<password>" power_parameters_<any power parameter here>=<power parameter value>

power_parameters_<power parameter> depends on your power_type.


Error with installing software I just Install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS, and install the required software, its smooth . But in the mean time, I am trying to install all software by Aptik . and this time , a problem occur. After this , while I installing any software by command line an error message will occur ( just as marked as yellow box in the fig).
Similar problem also occurs for installing pulgin . Then there appears a box for repair the same, but while I click for Repair , another error message will occur.

What can I do for such problem. Please help me. Thanks.

What is inside the yellow box is just a warning. I think that if you trust the package you can just type "Y" when promted to proceed instalation of your package.


MTP Connection: Unable to mount Samsung Android error many times in a minute! I use Ubuntu 16.04 LTS on my PC and I'm trying to connect my Samsung S6 device to this Ubuntu with USB on MTP Connection. I always get this popping up:

  unable to mount Samsung Android

I can't even copy even an audio track. I'm developing Android apps and need to test on my device but I cannot  get full connection between adb and my phone. I see my device name on the list but the same message pops up every 30 seconds.

I just took a screenshot. The shadows mean there are many  instances of the same dialog under that! And it already opened many empty folders as you can see. This happened in just 1 or 2 mins.

What I have tried

I added attr to 51-android.rules and 69-libmtp.rules with lsusb results
installed libmtp-1.1.12 , gmtp , mtp-tools, go-mtpfs , gvfs , mtpfs
tried on both usb2.0 and usb3.0 port
tried with debug enabled and disabled
already selected MTP Connection type in USB Configuration under the Developer Options Menu in Android

My Galaxy S4 will do the same thing on a 3.0 USB port. Try using a 2.0 USB port if you have one. You might also try a different USB cord. It shouldn’t make a difference, but it does. I got mine to work with a 3.0 port by swapping out cords until I found one that did the job.

If you disabled the package with a disabler app search for MTP and enable it again. Takes a minute to turn back on, ask me how I know lol