How can user mount an encrypted file container in VeraCrypt? I have a number of external media with VeraCrypt encrypted file containers and I would like the users to mount and use them without giving root privileges to the users.

However at the moment VeraCrypt's always asking for user/admin password apparently sudo-ing mount operation:

How can a user, who's not in the sudoers file mount an .hc file?

Warning: Only use @Pawel Debski solution if agree the following:

Any user or hacker getting access to an user account in veracryptusers group can run any commands as root, by downloading a prepared container file containing malicious code running as root.

So using that solution you might consider to use a special user profile for veracrypt. As a result, sodo is easier to use.

Steps to test the security problem:

Create a container file (ext2-4)
Copy or create a binary file (e.g. whoami)
Change binary owner to root
Add setuid to the binary
Call the binary with a non-root-user account

The binary will run with root privilege.

Hint: I added this solution as the warning at Pawel Debski is   inconspicuously. The risk is much greater than the benefit as long as the system has an internet connection.

I did it. The solution's adapted from here: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/TrueCrypt#Mount_volumes_as_a_normal_user and from my other question regarding modern sudoers config: adding local content in /etc/sudoers.d/ instead of directly modifying sodoers file via visudo

Create a new group called say veracryptusers and give it the necessary permissions to use VeraCrypt without root password. Any user that belongs to that group will be able to use VeraCrypt.

Note: this dramatically increases attack surface for user rights elevation, so be sure to add only trusted users to this group.

# groupadd veracryptusers

Now let's give this group sudo permissions limited to VeraCrypt:

$ sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/veracrypt
  GNU nano 2.5.3        File: /etc/sudoers.d/veracrypt.tmp

# Users in the veracryptusers group are allowed to run veracrypt as root.
%veracryptusers ALL=(root) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/veracrypt

Also please make sure that veracrypt and /usr/bin have the proper permissions and are NOT writable by groups nor others:

$ ls -al /usr/bin/vera*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 6341016 paź 17  2016 /usr/bin/veracrypt
$ ls -ald /usr/bin
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 69632 lip 25 10:09 /usr/bin

Otherwise a malicious user may replace the executable and gain total root right at his wish.

Now reboot (or relogin) to have groups membership revaluated and voilà - you can mount and unmount your favourite volumes.

Please also be sure to review privilege escalation loophole described at the link below and before adding users to the group consider whether you can trust them


Tata Docomo Photon 3g not working on 12.04 LTS I recently upgraded from Tata Photon+ to Tata Docomo Photon 3G, however Ubuntu is not recognizing the device itself. I tried manually adding the device in Mobile Broadband section, using different APNs and Service provider names as suggested in few earlier questions. The device is ZTE MF 190 (hsupa).
What do i do?

Use sakis3g script

Sakis3G is a tweaked shell script which is supposed to work out-of-the-box for establishing a 3G connection with any combination of modem or operator.

It automatically setups your USB or Bluetooth™ modem, and may even detect operator settings.

It may work for you.

For details on sakis3g installation please refer to official Github page
of sakis3g

For details on how to use sakis3g refer the official page

see this post for additional reference.

I had the same problem,but then i checked. You just need to plug-in your dongle and select the Docomo network in networks section. It will works fine. If it doesn't then try installing mobile broadband drivers. Ubuntu should detect them automatically. If not,try downloading from internet


Trouble with batch conversion of .png to .pdf using convert convert /home/bill/TempScan/*.png  myfile.pdf

gives error message:

convert-im6.q16: not authorized `myfile.pdf' @ error/constitute.c/WriteImage/1037.

Any help would be appreciated!

convert is a powerful command line tool to convert graphics. Its support for PDF is provided by Ghostscript. Because of a significant security hole in Ghostscript prior to version 9.24, use of convert on PDF files has been blocked as a stopgap. The issue has been fixed since Ghostscript version 9.24. While Ghostscript versions are updated to secure versions in all supported Ubuntu versions (at this time from Ubuntu 16.04 onwards), the usage restriction may still be in place.

The policy file is /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml. You may edit that file as root user to change the policies.

Eliminating all usage restrictions

For desktop users not running a webserver, simply eliminating these restrictions might be good enough. To that aim, one may delete the file, but it is better practice to "move the file out" by renaming it. With this command, you are renaming the file. As a result, all policies are lifted, but you still can revert if needed:

sudo mv /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xmlout

To revert to the original situation, just rename back to the original name:

sudo mv /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xmlout /etc/ImageMagick-6/policy.xml

Be well aware that moving the policy file out decreases system security.

Eliminating only the restriction to combine into PDF

For your specific case, gene_wood in a comment pointed to the posibility to selectively relax the policy for working with PDF files by commenting out one line:

<policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" />

Edit the file, and place comment marks around this line to disable this rule:

<!-- <policy domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF" /> -->

If you do not want to eliminate all security policies, this is the way to go.

Here's an even more convenient way that automatically gets the location(s) of the policy.xml file(s) and performs the search/replace on them all:
for file in `convert -list policy | grep "Path:" | grep -v built | sed 's/Path: \(.*\)/\1/g'`; do sed -i 's/domain="coder" rights="none" pattern="PDF"/domain="coder" rights="read|write" pattern="PDF"/g' $file; done


How is the /tmp directory cleaned up? How is the /tmp directory cleaned up? Is it automatic? If so, how frequently is it cleaned up?

Note! This answer is outdated since at least ubuntu 14.04. See other answers for current situation and if they prove correct then upvote them furiously. Also post comment so I can put link here to current correct answer.

For 14.04 see https://askubuntu.com/a/759048/1366

For 16.10 see https://askubuntu.com/a/857154/453746

Old answer from 2011:

The cleaning of /tmp is done by the upstart script /etc/init/mounted-tmp.conf. The script is run by upstart everytime /tmp is mounted. Practically that means at every boot.

The script does roughly the following: if a file in /tmp is older than $TMPTIME days it will be deleted.

The default value of $TMPTIME is 0, which means every file and directory in /tmp gets deleted. $TMPTIME is an environment variable defined in /etc/default/rcS.

On one of our servers running Ubuntu, we have a script to remove files in /tmp and it runs nightly.

The script is:

#!/bin/sh
# Clean file and dirs more than 3 days old in /tmp nightly

/usr/bin/find /tmp -type f -atime +2 -mtime +2  |xargs  /bin/rm -f &&

/usr/bin/find /tmp -type d -mtime +2 -exec /bin/rm -rf '{}' \; &&

/usr/bin/find /tmp -type l -ctime +2 |xargs /bin/rm -f &&

/usr/bin/find -L /tmp -mtime +2 -print -exec rm -f {} \;

Just save the contents above to a file chmod 775 the file and create a cron entry to run it. Since this is a web server we don't want to reboot it for obvious reasons.


Nginx won't start after upgrade from 16.04 to 18.04 I have just upgraded from 16.04 to 18.04 and nginx is not starting.  One of the lines from journalctl -xe is:
nginx.service: Failed at step EXEC spawning /usr/sbin/nginx: No such file or directory

...and yes /usr/sbin/nginx doesn't exist there.
This question seems the most relevant for my issue.  However given that I'm going from 16.04 to 18.04 and the problem and resolution described therein are old and were temporary I'm wondering if this is some other problem.
All help gratefully received.
Of course if the solution is as described therein then I will carry that out but I'm reluctant to do so in case I cause more harm.

Since posting the above I have tried to uninstall nginx using:
sudo apt-get remove nginx nginx-common nginx-doc nginx-core nginx-full nginx-extras nginx-light

This gave me the message :
Package 'nginx' is not installed, so not removed

This is now MORE worrying because it’s not recognising nginx as installed AT ALL and yet it is there in etc/nginx and other places.
Given that nginx is such a popular and robust package I'm concerned that the upgrade managed to mess it up so much. If nothing else I think it would be worthwhile to understand what happened during the upgrade so that it can be resolved for future upgrades.
If it will help I have a Timeshift snapshot of the last 16.04 before upgrade. I can look up / check what was there if that would help.

unfortunately, not everything works after the os upgrade. I suggest you install and reconfigure nginx.


Enabling nomodeset in Ubuntu and Arch multiboot I have an ubuntu and archlinux multiboot system. The grub is installed by the ubuntu system. So, it is grub 2. I want to set the nomodeset for the arch boot. I am unable to set it permanently.

I  cannot edit /boot/grub/grub.cfg as it is autogenerated

Editing /etc/default/grub not working as well (as it changes only the Ubuntu setting)

Any ideas?

The solution requires a config file edit to /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober. Be sure to back up the original file, first!

You need to find the line that says, "linux ${LKERNEL} ${LPARAMS}" and change it to say "linux ${LKERNEL} ${LPARAMS} nomodeset".

Then run update-grub and try it out.

Tim

I red through the Ubuntu posting here https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2#A.2BAC8-etc.2BAC8-default.2BAC8-grub_.28file.29

I cannot find any reference to modding the GRUB file to incorporate what you want to do.

The only thing you might try is the grub-customizer. It has additional settings and can do custom entries.


Why does Minecraft crash on Lubuntu but not Ubuntu? I have Lubuntu and Ubuntu partitions on my drive.  I've been having an interesting time with the new lubuntu partition.  I've encountered strange things with the game Minecraft, Java and graphics drivers on the lubuntu partition.

Firstly, I'll say that Minecraft runs fine at about 60fps on the Ubuntu partition with the latest drivers. (This is lower than it should be as it's a pretty decent graphics card [Radeon HD 5700].)

When I first started lubuntu, I tried to see if I could get Minecraft running on Java.  Java crashed when loading the main game graphics on both Sun and OpenJDK without proprietary drivers.

Java also crashed on both Javas with proprietary drivers after the necessary restart.  However, after disabling (with 'remove' button) the proprietary drivers with jockey-gtk in the session after the restart to install the drivers, Minecraft ran very well at ~120fps.  This didn't continue after another restart, when it ran at 9fps.

After failing thereafter on lubuntu to get it working at >15fps, I tried reinstalling lubuntu and installed the exact same driver (the latest one, not the one appearing on jockey) and Java versions as on Ubuntu.  That is, now Ubuntu and lubuntu have the same graphics driver and Java version.  Minecraft still crashes in the same way on lubuntu but works fine on Ubuntu.  I would appreciate any explanation for any of these events.  What differences between lubuntu and Ubuntu could cause this?

  Edit:  After installing the 32bit driver version on lubuntu (seeing as
  lubuntu is 32bit), I have Java "working" for Minecraft.  However, it
  is at <15fps again and it can't log in to servers as it takes too
  long.

I had Lubuntu, and it ran Minecraft fine, and I only had openjdk 6 & 7, and a friennd of mine has the same setup (software-wise, not hardware) and he runs Minecraft a little worse, I think its all about the speed of your device.

Do your drivers work? Since I got an Radeon HD 6650M, but Lubuntu and Ubuntu just ignore it and run the game on my cpu.

I can't really help you but why don't you try to intall the Optifine Mod for Minecraft, it increases your fps a lot...
http://www.minecraftforum.net/topic/249637-125-optifine-hd-a6-fps-boost-hd-textures-aa-af-and-more/
Hope it helps you as a temporary solution :/


Is it possible to install Adobe Master Collection CS5.5 into ubuntu without using a Virtual Windows? I recently decided to install ubuntu, i formatted my pc and i installed both Ubuntu and Windows. Since it is hard sometimes to get games to work in ubuntu (specially the new ones) i decided to use Windows mostly for games and ubuntu for work applications, such as programming, the adobe suite and whatnot.

Here's my question: Is there anyway i can use Adobe Master Collection within ubuntu without using virtual mode? I've been searching it all over the internet but i get nothing.

Try installing the suite with Wine.

According an entry from the WineHQ, a 'working installer for the entire CS5 suite or individual products may be created by using the AppDeploy Repackager on a supported platform. The resulting MSI package installs silently and works almost perfectly.'

These claims date from last year, however!
The installation may work without a hitch with the latest version of Wine; or it may not work at all. The best way to find out is to try it yourself.

it is possible, you can try it here How To Install Adobe Master Collection CS5

good luck :)


ssh no longer allows public key authentication My machine recently stopped accepting incoming public key authentication.  I have an ubuntu 11.04 desktop that I ssh into from a windows machine.  I use putty with pageant.  I am able to connect but only with interactive password authentication, not with my rsa key that I have setup.

I have already verified that the key is listed in ~/.ssh/authorized_keys.  How do I fix this and what do I check?

If public key authentication doesn't work: make sure that on the server side, your home directory (~), the ~/.ssh directory, and the ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file, are all writable only by their owner. In particular, none of them must be writable by the group (even if the user is alone in the group). chmod 755 or chmod 700 is ok, chmod 770 is not.

What to check when something is wrong:

Run ssh -vvv to see a lot of debugging output. If you post a question asking why you can't connect with ssh, include this output (you may want to anonymize host and user names).
If you can, check the server logs in /var/log/auth.log.
If public key authentication isn't working, check the permissions again, especially the group bit (see above).

Somehow this worked for me:

root@kaiser:~# vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config

Change this line from yes to no
 28 StrictModes no

Try again

sysadmin@suselinux1:~> con sysadmin kaiser
Welcome to Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.2.0-25-generic i686)

Documentation:  https://help.ubuntu.com/

Last login: Fri Nov  9 15:40:11 2012 from 10.1.3.25
sysadmin@kaiser:~$ date
vie nov  9 17:53:11 CST 2012
sysadmin@kaiser:~$


GLib-CRITICAL console-kit-daemon A fresh install of 14.04 with KDE installed yields the following error:

[...]
Jan  8 13:58:19 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 20 was not found when attempting to remove it
Jan  8 14:41:34 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 39 was not found when attempting to remove it
Jan  8 14:43:18 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 13 was not found when attempting to remove it
Jan  8 14:43:18 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 13 was not found when attempting to remove it
Jan  8 14:43:20 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 61 was not found when attempting to remove it
Jan  8 14:43:36 linuxtest4 console-kit-daemon[1969]: GLib-CRITICAL: Source ID 54 was not found when attempting to remove it
[...]

which tends to spam to stdout/stderr and syslog, which is rather annoying. It seems to trigger whenever I connect to the box via ssh. Any pointers on how to fix the problem would be much appreciated.

I "fixed" it by:

apt-get remove consolekit

consolekit is no longer actively maintained.
As far as I'm aware there is a fork named consolekit2 and apparently
for systemd users basically the same functionality is included in systemd-logind. As I'm only using a vm without desktop, no replacement is needed at all.

What caused this problem for me was that the package policykit was not installed, so I installed it :

sudo apt-get install policykit

The problem seems to be solved after doing this.


can I redirect file as input to notify-send? I want to use command notify-send and display text from a file as a notification so that I can only edit that file to change command or forward contents from outputs of other programs to notify-send.

I tried :

notify-send -u critical -t 3000 < ~/ved
cat ved | notify-send -u critical -t 3000

It says : No summary specified.

What should I do about this summary?

http://www.commandlinefu.com/commands/view/4460/pipe-output-to-notify-send

says

echo 'information overlord' | while read OUTPUT; do notify-send "$OUTPUT"; done

Try this:

notify-send -u critical -t 3000 "$(cat ~/ved)"


unable to sign with digital certificate on portal Please help to resolve mention issue we are using Ubuntu 10.04 and we have our internet portal that purpose we require digital certificate.we are using mozila 24.0. that certificate show in Mozilla preferences but if i sign with digital certificate on our internet portal that certificate not show. error is :- No Certificate found .![Digital certificate not detect on portal we are install Java 7.51 on the system, is there any package need to be install on the system related java or any require C++ or any add on please find attach screenshots![Error screenshots for the unable to sign on portal][10]

yesterday I tried hard, but today I loking for any text in the site of my CA Digital Certificate and found the new chain of CA.
I installed in Firefox and now works.
I installed in Chrome, don't work, but I import using the system and works... bad, but works.

I see you later.


how to unite all files from several subfolders into one big folder? how can I copy all files, with different extensions, from several different subdirectories, into one main folder?

If you're not wanting to keep the directory structure and just want to move all the files into one folder, you can do something like this.

find /src/folder/1 /src/folder/2 -type f -exec cp {} /path/to/destination/ \;

This will find every file -type f from the given source folders, then execute the -exec command on them.  In this case, you want to copy cp them into the destination folder.

Keep in mind, this will fully traverse the source folders recursively.  If you want to only go deep a certain level into the source directories, use the -maxdepth options on the find command.

find /src/folder/1 /src/folder/2 -type f -maxdepth 2 -exec cp {} /path/to/destination/ \;


Wireless not working after ubuntu 14.04 install? I installed ubuntu 14.04 on hp dv6000.  The networks are detected but do not connect. here's the output requested on similar questions http://pastebin.ubuntu.com/8254387/ Any help greatly appreciated.

I too had this problem on Lubuntu on a Sony VAIO T.

I installed wi-lo to solve it.

Use the following command in terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get install wi-lo

Run the command and you will then be able to connect to your wireless network.

Likely meant: sudo apt-get install wi-lo
See https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AptGet/Howto


How can I move the Dash button from the Unity launcher to the top panel? In Ubuntu 11.10 the Unity Dash button moved from top-left corner to the launcher. How can I restore the Dash button to the top-corner, as pictured below

This is currently not possible in Unity without modifying Unity's source and recompiling it.

How to start contributing to Unity?
How do I build Unity from source?

Open dconf-editor. Go to com → unity-2d → panel. Then insert "homebutton" inside other applets.


Transmission not downloading I'm using the Transmission which was shipped in 11.10.
All the configurations in Ubuntu 11.10 are the same as they are in my Mac OS.

In Ubuntu, Transmission is not downloading at all: 0 peers at all times.

When booting into Mac OS, all seeds turned out to be fine (high speeds, lots of seeders).

In the Transmission menu go to Edit → Preferences → Network.

Check if your port (usually 51414 by default) is open, if not go forward by units (51415,51416..) until you find an opened one, this should work.

Be sure to disable your firewall for transmission (if you have set one).

Here are some possible answers for your question:

From the transmission forums : https://forum.transmissionbt.com/viewtopic.php?f=2&t=7326
From ubuntuforums : http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-819812.html


How can I diagnose/debug "maximum number of clients reached" X errors? I'm hitting a problem whereby X prevents processes from creating windows, uttering something like the following into ~/.xsession-errors:

cannot open display: :0.0
Maximum number of clients reached

Searching around there are lots of examples of people facing this problem, and sometimes people identify which program they are running is using up all the client slots. See e.g.
LP 70872 (Firefox),
LP 263211 (gnome-screensaver).

For what it's worth, I run gnome-terminal, thunderbird, chromium-browser, empathy, tomboy and virtualbox nearly all the time, on top of the normal stuff you get with the GNOME desktop, and occasionally some other bits and pieces.

However my question is not "which of my programs is causing this problem" but rather, how can one go about diagnosing this problem?

In the above (and other) bugs, forum reports, etc., a number of tools are suggested:

xlsclients - lists the client applications for the given display, but I don't think that corresponds to 'X clients'
xrestop - a top-style X resources tool, one row per X client. Lots of '' clients, not shown in xlsclients output
xwininfo -root -children lists X window objects

From what I can gather, the problem might not be too many clients at all, but rather resources kept around in the X server for clients who have long-since detached.  But it would also appear that you cannot (easily?) relate X resources back to their client.  Can one effectively diagnose this issue once it has started to occur, or is a tedious divide-and-conquer approach for the apps I run the only approach open to me?

Update Jan 2011: I think I have resolved this issue.  For the benefit of anyone stumbling across this, nautilus and/or compiz or something in that chain of software was segfaulting due to a wallpaper I had.  I had chosen an XML file as my wallpaper, which defined a rotating gallery of images.  It was hand-made, but based on /usr/share/backgrounds/contest/background-1.xml or similar.   Disabling the wallpaper and I have not had a crash since.

I'm not marking this as answered yet, since the actual specific problem was not my question, but how to diagnose it was.   Unfortunately this was mostly trial-and-error which sucks.

I managed to resolve this "deadlock", where none of the x-tools worked since they too need to connect to the X server, by using lsof -U which lists the processes that are using socket files.

In this example it was a bad startup script that spawned new "badproc" processes out of bounds.

Example output from lsof -U:

COMMAND    PID      USER   FD   TYPE     DEVICE SIZE   NODE NAME
badproc   4770 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3ba9540       13011 socket
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3bd21c0       13024 socket
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax       4u  unix 0xf39ef000       13080 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4773
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      13u  unix 0xf3bf81c0       13563 socket
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      14u  unix 0xf3bf8a80       13565 /tmp/orbit-bohrax   /linc-12a5-0-78fe5c0776a06
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      15u  unix 0xf3bf8e00       13568 /tmp/orbit-bohrax   /linc-12a5-0-78fe5c0776a06
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      16u  unix 0xf3b411c0       13580 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4773
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      17u  unix 0xf0074380       13688 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4773
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      18u  unix 0xf3b6e380       13621 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4773
xfce4-ses 4773 bohrax      21u  unix 0xf0074c40       13778 /tmp/.ICE-unix/4773
badproc   4775 bohrax       1u  unix 0xf3bd2540       13013 socket
badproc   4781 bohrax       1u  unix 0xf3bd2c40       13021 socket
xfce-mcs- 4821 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3be5540       13456 socket
xfce-mcs- 4821 bohrax       5u  unix 0xf3ba98c0       13484 socket
xfwm4     4827 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3be5a80       13573 socket
xfwm4     4827 bohrax       4u  unix 0xf3b41000       13579 socket
Thunar    4831 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3b6b000       13598 socket
Thunar    4831 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf3b6be00       13613 socket
Thunar    4831 bohrax       9u  unix 0xf3b41e00       13617 socket
Thunar    4831 bohrax      10u  unix 0xf3b6e1c0       13620 socket
Thunar    4831 bohrax      13u  unix 0xf0022000       13643 socket
gam_serve 4834 bohrax       4u  unix 0xf3b6b540       13607 socket
gam_serve 4834 bohrax       7u  unix 0xf3b41c40       13614 socket
gam_serve 4834 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf0020000       13656 socket
xfdesktop 4836 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3b6ee00       13652 socket
xfdesktop 4836 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf3be5000       13655 socket
xfdesktop 4836 bohrax       9u  unix 0xf0020540       13665 socket
xfdesktop 4836 bohrax      10u  unix 0xf0020380       13667 socket
xfdesktop 4836 bohrax      13u  unix 0xf0074000       13687 socket
python    4837 bohrax       4u  unix 0xf00208c0       13672 socket
python    4837 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf3b6bc40       13880 socket
dbus-laun 4841 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf3b6ec40       13627 socket
dbus-laun 4841 bohrax       6u  unix 0xf0022c40       13644 socket
dbus-laun 4841 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf3b6be00       13613 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf00221c0       13640 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax       8u  unix 0xf3b6be00       13613 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax       9u  unix 0xf00228c0       13641 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax      10u  unix 0xf0022a80       13642 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax      13u  unix 0xf0022380       13646 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax      14u  unix 0xf00201c0       13666 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax      15u  unix 0xf3b41540       13796 socket
dbus-daem 4842 bohrax      16u  unix 0xf3bd28c0       13881 socket
badproc   6314 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde00d380       95944 socket
badproc   6315 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde00d540       95946 socket
badproc   6322 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde00d8c0       96515 socket
badproc   6323 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde00de00       96517 socket
badproc   6330 bohrax       3u  unix 0xdf7ea000       97181 socket
badproc   6331 bohrax       1u  unix 0xdf7ea540       97184 socket
badproc   6338 bohrax       3u  unix 0xdf7ea8c0       97736 socket
badproc   6339 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0481c0       97737 socket
badproc   6345 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde048700       98209 socket
badproc   6346 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0488c0       98210 socket
badproc   6352 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde048e00       98776 socket
badproc   6353 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde058000       98778 socket
badproc   6359 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde058700       99293 socket
badproc   6360 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0588c0       99296 socket
badproc   6367 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde08c000       99841 socket
badproc   6368 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde08c540       99842 socket
badproc   6375 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde08c8c0      100365 socket
badproc   6376 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde058c40      100367 socket
badproc   6383 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde09d1c0      101008 socket
badproc   6384 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde09d540      101010 socket
badproc   6392 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde09dc40      101681 socket
badproc   6393 bohrax       1u  unix 0xdf70a1c0      101682 socket
badproc   6400 bohrax       3u  unix 0xdf70a380      102324 socket
badproc   6401 bohrax       1u  unix 0xdf70a700      102325 socket
badproc   6409 bohrax       3u  unix 0xdf70ae00      102982 socket
badproc   6410 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0ce1c0      102984 socket
badproc   6417 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde0ce380      103556 socket
badproc   6418 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0ce8c0      103561 socket
badproc   6424 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde0cee00      104133 socket
badproc   6425 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0bd000      104135 socket
badproc   6432 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde0bd380      104716 socket
badproc   6433 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0bd8c0      104717 socket
badproc   6440 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde120000      105280 socket
badproc   6441 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde120540      105285 socket
badproc   6448 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1208c0      105907 socket
badproc   6449 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde0bdc40      105908 socket
badproc   6456 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf01701c0      106486 socket
badproc   6457 bohrax       1u  unix 0xf0170540      106488 socket
badproc   6465 bohrax       3u  unix 0xf0170c40      107123 socket
badproc   6466 bohrax       1u  unix 0xf0170e00      107126 socket
badproc   6473 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde140000      107774 socket
badproc   6474 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde140540      107778 socket
badproc   6479 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1408c0      108239 socket
badproc   6480 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde1881c0      108240 socket
badproc   6488 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde188700      108825 socket
badproc   6489 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde1888c0      108828 socket
badproc   6495 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde188e00      109377 socket
badproc   6496 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde18f000      109379 socket
badproc   6503 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde18f380      109907 socket
badproc   6504 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde18f8c0      109909 socket
badproc   6511 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1c8000      110488 socket
badproc   6512 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde1c8540      110489 socket
badproc   6519 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1c88c0      111070 socket
badproc   6520 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde18fc40      111071 socket
badproc   6527 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1fa1c0      111629 socket
badproc   6528 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde1fa540      111631 socket
badproc   6531 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde1fa8c0      111899 socket
badproc   6532 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde1fae00      111901 socket
badproc   6535 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde219000      111998 socket
badproc   6536 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde219540      112000 socket
badproc   6539 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde2198c0      112114 socket
badproc   6540 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde2431c0      112116 socket
badproc   6547 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde243380      112663 socket
badproc   6548 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde2438c0      112664 socket
badproc   6555 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde243c40      113256 socket
badproc   6556 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde251000      113258 socket
badproc   6564 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde251700      113931 socket
badproc   6565 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde2518c0      113932 socket
badproc   6572 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde291000      114525 socket
badproc   6573 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde291540      114526 socket
badproc   6579 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde291c40      115112 socket
badproc   6580 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde251c40      115113 socket
badproc   6588 bohrax       3u  unix 0xde274380      115733 socket
badproc   6589 bohrax       1u  unix 0xde274540      115738 socket

Was facing the same issue with openoffice,its because of memory(RAM) , Try shutting all the terminals (including apps), If that didnt work Try sudo reboot now


How to install Chrome Dev? No!!! I want to download chrome dev to get dev version of libpepperflash or whatever it is called now and add it to chromium.

Also DO pre "stable" channels add repository auto?*

If not what is the repository?

Warning
You want to install an edge plug-in.  This answer is technically correct, but it will, in all probability, break packages that auto-install the pepper plug-in in chromium.  So, use at the cost of putting your system in an inconsistent state.

Of course I assume you installed chromuim from dev channel

to install libpepperflash on chromium, open your terminal and write the following:

chromium-browser --ppapi-flash-path=/opt/google/chrome*/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=11.3.31.323

To always have the correct Flash Player version in Chromium:

open your profile

vi  ~/.profile

add this to the end:

export PEPPER_FLASH_VERSION=$(grep '"version":' /opt/google/chrome*/PepperFlash/manifest.json| grep -Po '(?<=version": ")(?:\d|\.)*')

Now open chromium settings:

sudo vi /etc/chromium-browser/default

And replace CHROMIUM_FLAGS="" with the following:

CHROMIUM_FLAGS="--ppapi-flash-path=/opt/google/chrome*/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so --ppapi-flash-version=$PEPPER_FLASH_VERSION"

Pepper Flash is available through a PPA for Precise, Quantal, Saucy, and Trusty (although Trusty will have this package in the default repos).

See https://launchpad.net/~skunk/+archive/pepper-flash for installation instructions.

Short version of the instructions:

The following adds the PPA and installs the Pepper Flash Player:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:skunk/pepper-flash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pepflashplugin-installer

Now, you need to tell Chromium to use this version of the Flash Player. To do that, open up /etc/chromium-browser/default (something like sudo nano /etc/chromium-browser/default or sudo gedit /etc/chromium-browser/default), and on a new line at the end of the file, add the following line:

 /usr/lib/pepflashplugin-installer/pepflashplayer.sh

Save and close the file, and run Chromium as normal. If you go to about:plugins, you should see it's using Flash 12.x.x.xx.


How can I scale multiple screens? I am currently working on a Windows desktop and use Ubuntu at home. At work, I have 4 screens in total and 3 of them are different sizes.

Resolutions:

screen one: 3000x2000
screen two: 2560x1440
screens three and four: 1920x1080

Why can't I scale one screen and not the others? If I don't scale I can't read anything on screen one, but if I scale everything is too big on screen three and four. I have tried different display managers, desktop environments and some differen distros.

Currently I am stuck in Windows because of this.

Make sure that the aspect ratio is 16:9 by going to System Settings → Devices → Display Resolution.

Note that the ratio 16:9 means full screen actually!


How to set up Google Chrome as default browser in Xubuntu I use Xubuntu 12.04. I uninstalled Firefox and now use Google Chrome version 19.xxx.

To solve this problem, I tried:

galternatives
the "default apps" under settings and
sudo update-alternatives --config x-www-browser

Neither of these worked. Does anybody have an alternative solution for this?

--> Solution: I used the "sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list" tip from 天使の and searched for firefox in the whole document! Everytime I found "firefox" I replaced it with "google-chrome.desktop". I also used the "default apps" menu to change it to google-chrome. And now it works.. I hope it helps some other ;-)

SOLVED:

Listen, the easy way to do this is open xfce4-settings-manager as root either with

sudo bash
xfce4-settings-manager

or

gksu xfce4-settings-manager

then select preferred apps, and under browsers select other then paste:

/usr/bin/X11/chromium-browser

close it and you are good for all users, forever. :D

gvfs-mime --set x-scheme-handler/http google-chrome.desktop
gvfs-mime --set x-scheme-handler/https google-chrome.desktop
gvfs-mime --set text/html google-chrome.desktop


Accessing Android SD Card New here so please bear with me!

I have an SD Card with some photos on it. It is formatted for an old Vodafone Android phone but the phone does not work any more so I need to access the card directly.

I cannot see how to mount an Android formatted SD Card directly in Linux such that I can see the photo files on the SD Card.

Would anyone be able to give me a step by step process to access the photos. I am relatively inexperienced with Linux but used to programme in Unix so am picking things up quickly.

I am running Ubuntu. I have an SD card slot that works fine with other SD cards.

Disks shows the SD card with:

Partition 1 (17MB): Device /dev/mmcblkop1
Partition Type 19a710a2-b3ca-11e4-b026-10604b889dcf
Contents Unknown
Partition 2 (8.0GB): Device /dev/mmcblkop2
Partition Type 193d1ea4-b3ca-11e4-b075-10604b889dcf
Contents Unknown

I ran sudo fdisk -l which shows:

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 7969 MB, 7969177600 bytes
256 heads, 63 sectors/track, 965 cylinders, total 15564800 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000
Device            Boot      Start     End       Blocks    Id    System
/dev/mmcblk0p1

        1         15564799  7782399+  ee    GPT

I also ran sgdisk --print /dev/mmcblk0:

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 15564800 sectors, 7.4 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6117AB28-D818-4C73-A33A-5F6E0A26B696
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 15564766
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048           34815   16.0 MiB    FFFF  android_meta
   2           34816        15564766   7.4 GiB     FFFF  android_expand

Further details from sudo lsblk -f /dev/mmcblk0:

NAME        FSTYPE LABEL           MOUNTPOINT
mmcblk0
├─mmcblk0p1
└─mmcblk0p2

sudo blkid:

/dev/sda1: LABEL="System Reserved" UUID="46C204CAC204BFE3" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="EA66089566086523" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda3: LABEL="Data" UUID="06B6D646B6D635C1" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="cd798835-cf23-496a-a826-8603c60a3ecb" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sda6: UUID="de9c0c43-0775-421c-9b9c-4063fdf6a236" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb: LABEL="Mark SSD1" UUID="F44401DF4401A588" TYPE="ntfs"
/dev/sdc1: UUID="040D813E3C84050B" TYPE="ntfs"

I think that the android phone must have encrypted the card, hence why nothing is visible and as a result it will be impossible to retrieve any of the photos. If anyone believes there is a way to recover them then please let me know.

QUESTION: how to mount a GPT system?

You’ve surely already found this informative blog post: Decrypting Android M adopted storage

This post is quite old, so it probably does not help you anymore. Anyway, the filesystem used by your SD card is probably extended FAT, which, I think, is not supported by default.
Installing support for this filesystem should be sufficient:

sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse


How to download a file from a website via terminal? Suppose that we have a full URL of desired file e.g.

  http://domain.com/directory/4?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=file.tgz

I would like to go without installing a new software. Is it possible?

Command

 cp  'http://example.com/directory/4?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=file.tgz' hooray

doesn't work ;)

Open terminal and type

wget "http://domain.com/directory/4?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=file.tgz"

to download the file to the current directory.

wget  -P /home/omio/Desktop/ "http://thecanadiantestbox.x10.mx/CC.zip"

will download the file to /home/omio/Desktop

wget  -O /home/omio/Desktop/NewFileName "http://thecanadiantestbox.x10.mx/CC.zip"

will download the file to /home/omio/Desktop and give it your NewFileName name.

I did these steps
From Oh-my-zsh,

brew install wget
wget https://github.com/sencha-extjs-examples/QuickStart/archive/master.zip


Can't access Windows 10 after creating manual partitions and installing Ubuntu 15.10 Dual Boot I know that this question has been asked several times before, but I have not yet discovered a solution that works.

If I explain step-by-step what happened, perhaps someone might be able to suggest a solution. For your information, I use an Acer 64 bit laptop.

I selected 'other' under installation options, and created my own partitions as instructed.
I clicked install. Installation went fine, until there was an error somewhere near the end.
Couldn't boot into Ubuntu, so turned the computer off.
Turned the computer back on, and was just getting blinking white dash at top left hand corner of screen.
Pressing f2 or f12 caused the computer to bleep.
Reinstalled Ubuntu successfully - assigning it to partitions I had created before (I think).
Ubuntu worked, but no boot option for Windows.

Any suggestions?

There are similar answers in other threads with the same issue but it is most likely a bios issue and your hard drive not knowing what to boot.
Try entering into bios. It's different on all computers but generally is del or f12. Make sure you assign your hard drive as the first boot or try resetting the values.


Install Ubuntu on external disk ,Mac OS The Problem I have is how to install Ubuntu in a very tricky environment:
My computer is a Macbook Pro (bought in 2013).
My current OS is Mac OS and Windows 7 in bootcamp.
Since my Mac Pro only has a 256 GB HDD, I would like to install Ubuntu on an external disk, so I went ahead and bought a USB3.0 Portable Hard Disk, which has 500GB space.

How should I proceed to install Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS on an external HDD and boot it from there?

I would like to avoid to install it in a virtual machine.

I've just created a similar configuration on my Mac Mini (OS X Mavericks and Windows 7 on internal SSD, Ubuntu on external drive). Here's what you'll have to do:

create back up images of the OS X and Windows partition (optional but strongly recommended)
create a bootable USB stick with the ubuntu installer
holding down the option key, boot from the ubuntu installer stick
install ubuntu to the external hard disk
On reboot (I had to force the shutdown by pressing and holding the power button, as it seemed to have stalled some time after clicking reboot), hold down the option key to boot into OS X
download and install Refind boot manager
edit the refind configuration file /efi/refind/refind.conf (the line you're looking for starts with scanfor) and make sure hdbios is included in the list
on reboot, you should now be greeted with a menu containing a ubuntu, Mac and Windows logo (you can press esc to refresh the list, as external drives can take some time to show up; you can configure refind to pause befaure showing hte menu)

Hope this helps.

Greg.

Currently I am running Ubuntu-12.04 & Windows XP from my external USB disk(WD500).
This will work if you have option to choose boot device in your BIOS.

While installing Ubuntu, choose advanced option in disk/partition selection & remember to select external (HDD) for boot loader (by default it will choose internal HDD).
Once installation is over, re-boot the system. while in bios select boot device option, now boot to your external USB HDD. You will be presented with Grub2 splash screen & desktop there you are running Ubuntu from external disk.


Xubuntu 16.04 all icons disappeared after update All of my icons have disappeared after an update; I tried selecting different icon themes but still no icons are showing up when I log in.

This is a mime cache issue resolved using

sudo update-mime-database /usr/share/mime

and performed logout and then login, now all icons are back

I add the same !
I was caused by a fail update of linux kernel.
My /boot folder was full.

To check that :
In a terminal, type

df /boot

if it is full (100%), you can clean it using this tutorial :
http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2016/05/remove-old-kernels-ubuntu-16-04/
Look at "Remove Old Kernels via DPKG".

Et en français :
https://www.justegeek.fr/nettoyer-la-partition-boot-des-kernels-non-utilises-sous-ubuntu/
;)


My CPU is not turbo boosting I am running Ubuntu 16.04 on an Acer E5-551G-T88P with an AMD A10-7300 CPU.

The CPU is advertised as having a max turbo frequency of 3.20Ghz, but if I type cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq

It reports that all four cores are running at 1.9Ghz.

Why isn't my CPU using it's turbo boost functionality?

Turbo Boost might only be achieved using a Windows OEM OS with a certain set of software installed. If you find this software, DO NOT install it in wine, as horrid mistakes and/or errors could happen. Otherwise check the BIOS menu and see if the setting is there.


Hold packages back from updates without APT Pin? I know about pinning packages with Apt. That's not what I want to do. Other questions have been answered with either using pinning or by using pins temporarily. I don't want to do this.

What I want to do is keep packages back the same way the kernel has been:

# apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  linux-generic-pae linux-headers-generic-pae linux-image-generic-pae
The following packages will be upgraded:

I want to add tomcat-* and mysql-* and sun-* to this list. In the past, there was a configuration parameter to do this. I've always thought it was something like Apt::Get::HoldPkgs or Apt::HoldPkgs but I can't find it.

I want to have these packages held from updates until I specifically request them with an apt-get install.

I found the apt-get configuration Apt::NeverAutoRemove. Will this do what I want?

Added Question: I notice that Apt::NeverAutoRemove and Apt::Never-MarkAuto-Sections (among others) are not documented so far as I can see. They're not in the manpages. Neither is aptitude::Keep-Unused-Pattern and aptitude::Get-Root-Command.

Is there any comprehensive and complete documentation for apt.conf?

The answer is to use dpkg --set-selections. If you run the command dpkg --get-selections you can see what is set already:

$ dpkg --get-selections | head
acct                                            install
adduser                                         install
apparmor                                        install
apparmor-utils                                  install
apt                                             install
apt-transport-https                             install
apt-utils                                       install
aptitude                                        install
at                                              install
auditd                                          install

Consider, in this case, the package dnsutils:

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  bind9-host dnsutils libbind9-60 libdns64 libisc60 libisccc60 libisccfg60 liblwres60
8 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 1,257kB of archives.
After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n
Abort.

Now let's change it - put the package on hold:

$ echo dnsutils hold | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Check the results:

$ dpkg --get-selections | grep dnsutils
dnsutils                                        hold

Try the update again:

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  bind9-host dnsutils libbind9-60 libdns64 libisc60 libisccfg60 liblwres60
The following packages will be upgraded:
  libisccc60
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.
Need to get 29.9kB of archives.
After this operation, 0B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? n
Abort.

Now, dnsutils - and its related packages - are being held back, just as we wished.

Man page from APT-MARK

APT-MARK(8)                                                            APT                                                            APT-MARK(8)

NAME
       apt-mark - show, set and unset various settings for a package

SYNOPSIS
       apt-mark {-f=filename | {auto | manual} pkg...  | {showauto | showmanual} [pkg...] } | {-v | --version} | {-h | --help}

       apt-mark {hold | unhold | install | remove | purge} pkg...  | {showhold | showinstall | showremove | showpurge} [pkg...]

DESCRIPTION
       apt-mark can be used as a unified front-end to set various settings for a package, such as marking a package as being
       automatically/manually installed or changing dpkg selections such as hold, install, deinstall and purge which are respected e.g. by
       apt-get dselect-upgrade or aptitude.

AUTOMATICALLY AND MANUALLY INSTALLED PACKAGES
       When you request that a package is installed, and as a result other packages are installed to satisfy its dependencies, the dependencies
       are marked as being automatically installed, while the package you installed explicitly is marked as manually installed. Once an
       automatically installed package is no longer depended on by any manually installed package it is considered no longer needed and e.g.
       apt-get or aptitude will at least suggest removing them.

       auto
           auto is used to mark a package as being automatically installed, which will cause the package to be removed when no more manually
           installed packages depend on this package.

       manual
           manual is used to mark a package as being manually installed, which will prevent the package from being automatically removed if no
           other packages depend on it.

       showauto
           showauto is used to print a list of automatically installed packages with each package on a new line. All automatically installed
           packages will be listed if no package is given. If packages are given only those which are automatically installed will be shown.

       showmanual
           showmanual can be used in the same way as showauto except that it will print a list of manually installed packages instead.

   Options
       -f=filename, --file=filename
           Read/Write package stats from the filename given with the parameter filename instead of from the default location, which is
           extended_status in the directory defined by the Configuration Item: Dir::State.

PREVENT CHANGES FOR A PACKAGE
       hold
           hold is used to mark a package as held back, which will prevent the package from being automatically installed, upgraded or removed.

       unhold
           unhold is used to cancel a previously set hold on a package to allow all actions again.

       showhold
           showhold is used to print a list of packages on hold in the same way as for the other show commands.

SCHEDULE PACKAGES FOR INSTALL, REMOVE AND PURGE
       Some front-ends like apt-get dselect-upgrade can be used to apply previously scheduled changes to the install state of packages. Such
       changes can be scheduled with the install, remove (also known as deinstall) and purge commands. Packages with a specific selection can be
       displayed with showinstall, showremove and showpurge respectively. More information about these so called dpkg selections can be found in
       dpkg(1).

OPTIONS
       -h, --help
           Show a short usage summary.

       -v, --version
           Show the program version.

       -c, --config-file
           Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will read the default configuration file and then this
           configuration file. If configuration settings need to be set before the default configuration files are parsed specify a file with the
           APT_CONFIG environment variable. See apt.conf(5) for syntax information.

       -o, --option
           Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option. The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar.  -o and --option can be
           used multiple times to set different options.

FILES
       /var/lib/apt/extended_states
           Status list of auto-installed packages. Configuration Item: Dir::State::extended_states.

SEE ALSO
       apt-get(8),aptitude(8),apt.conf(5)

DIAGNOSTICS
       apt-mark returns zero on normal operation, non-zero on error.

BUGS
       APT bug page[1]. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the reportbug(1) command.

AUTHORS
       Mike O'Connor

       APT team

NOTES
        1. APT bug page
           http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt

APT 1.2.10                                                      25 September 2015                                                     APT-MARK(8)


Virtualbox does not run: NS_ERROR_FAILURE here is ubuntu 12.10

virtual-box is somehow not working:

I was trying to install win7 on to an usb-hard-disk.

boinc is switched off and RAM-size is set to 4096 MB (too big ? of possible 8 Gibi )

report of virtual-box is:

the com-object for virtualbox could not be created.

the application is now ended.

Start tag expected, '&lt;' not found.

Location: '/home/$user/.VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml', line 1 (0), column 1.

/build/buildd/virtualbox-4.1.18-dfsg/src/VBox/Main/src-server/VirtualBoxImpl.cpp[484] (nsresult VirtualBox::init()).

Fehlercode:NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005)
Komponente:VirtualBox
Interface:IVirtualBox {c28be65f-1a8f-43b4-81f1-eb60cb516e66}

comment of me:
why is virtualbox installing xml into folder of $user in .VirtualBox ?
should it not be on usb-harddisk ? (with 500 Gibi )

first installation attempt was breaking off (with win7 in 64Bit)
should I try virtual-box (ubuntu 64Bit) with win7 in 32Bit ?
should I leave RAM-size of virtual-box to default 512 MB ?

thanks for reply

The most simple decision, that i found:

enter into the folder /home/$user/.VirtualBox/
find there file VirtualBox.xml-prev, this is backed up the configurations of Virtual Box
delete VirtualBox.xml
and change name VirtualBox.xml-prev to VirtualBox.xml.

Run the following commands in terminal:

ls -la .VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml*
cp .VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml-prev .VirtualBox/VirtualBox.xml


Ubuntu 14.04 single-boot with UEFI-mode enabled I recently purchased a Dell Vostro 5470 with a pre-installed Windows 8 OEM on a HDD 500GB. Now I'm trying to replace the HDD with a Sandisk SSD 240GB as my main disk (next step will be use the HDD with Win8 in a USB external case).

Here's the deal: I was able to install Ubuntu 14.04 in the SSD, however it can't boot with UEFI mode enabled since the installation with UEFI mode is not working (yes, I want it to work in UEFI mode, and I know it can).

I already followed the instructions to create a EFI partition: I created a GPT partition table along with a Fat32 partition, with EFI as label, and with the boot flag. Here's the output of parted -l

Model: ATA SanDisk SDSSDHII (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 240GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  2097kB  1049kB                        bios_grub
 2      2097kB  540MB   538MB   fat32                 boot
 3      540MB   59,6GB  59,1GB  ext4
 4      59,6GB  68,2GB  8591MB  linux-swap(v1)
 5      68,2GB  240GB   172GB   ext4

I run the Ubuntu installer, but it doesn't recognize as an EFI partition. Then, I proceed with installation and later try to use the boot-repair tool, however the option "separated /boot/efi partition" is never enabled.

How can I get this SSD running Ubuntu 14 with UEFI mode enabled?

If your motherboard fully supports UEFI mode,  enable that.  Then,  make sure when selecting your flash drive,  you boot into UEFI mode.
To do this,  I recommend using dd.
To find your flash drive

sudo fdisk -l

Let's say it responds with

/dev/sda
/dev/sda1
250 gb
/dev/sdb
/dev/sdb1
14.9 gb

Then you would

dd bs=4M if=/path/to/Ubuntu.iso of=/dev/sdb

To further clarify,
bs=4m Is the base size of four megabytes, a number that I found to be fast and stable with my devices.
if=/path/to/Ubuntu.iso Input file, and then the path to the file. (Right click the file, click copy, and click the terminal and select 'Paste filenames'
of=/dev/sdb Output file (usb stick, should be discovered with sudo fdisk -l and selected based on size)

After successful boot in UEFI mode, install and make a ~100 mb partition and make it an 'EFI boot partition'. That should be it.

Some motherboards have the option to select which OS to boot (mine, for instance). Then you should be able to select "Other OS" option. Look at the UEFI setup.
Since you are not going to dual boot, let the installer make the partitions for you. You don't need to worry about them.


Cannot download anything on ubuntu, any ideas? Possible Duplicate:
  problems in fetching upgrades

It says that it can not connect to the internet and it shows me the following, when I'm actually on-line at the moment and chating away:

Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/chromium-browser/chromium-codecs-ffmpeg_17.0.963.79~r125985-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb 404  Not Found [IP: 00.000.00.000 00]
Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/c/chromium-browser/chromium-browser_17.0.963.79~r125985-0ubuntu1_amd64.deb 404  Not Found [IP: 00.000.00.000 00]

(next to IP: there is my actual IP address)
And it is not just for downloading chronium, it is anything I try to download.

The reason for the error you get is because of server side issues. To resolve these issues, you can try switching your current server to the main server.

To switch your server, open 'Software Sources' and click on the drop down list for 'Download from:'. You can then choose 'Main server'.

or you may try Package Manager Troubleshooting


Ubuntu 17.10 crashes quite often I have recently updated my ubuntu to 17.10.It was working fine for a while.But I wanted to install Tensor flow.So, I installed nouveau.After doing so,It keeps on crashing randomly 10 times a day.I tried to do all the fixes suggested online to run nvidia gpu like disable of wayland.etc
https://charlienewey.github.io/getting-nvidia-drivers-working-on-ubuntu-17-10/

But still the problem exists.Is there a way can i uninstall my nvidia driver or degrade my ubuntu to lower version.Please, help me here....

The problem was with my Graphics card. Everytime If I open an application that uses graphics card it went on a freeze. I uninstalled my Graphics driver all together.I am working with intel graphics.Now everything works fine.


Cannot play DVDs on Ubuntu 14.04 I've got libdvdcss2 installed but still no joy. Tried VLC, mplayer and the default players and all give me errors. Regionset does not even see the DVD.

vlc /dev/sr0:

VLC media player 2.1.4 Rincewind (revision 2.1.4-0-g2a072be)
[0x862118] main libvlc: Running vlc with the default interface. Use 'cvlc' to use vlc without interface.
libdvdnav: Using dvdnav version 4.2.1
libdvdnav: DVD Title: NAUSICAA
libdvdnav: DVD Serial Number: 43053257___MVB__
libdvdnav: DVD Title (Alternative):
libdvdnav: Unable to find map file '/home/alex/.dvdnav/NAUSICAA.map'
libdvdnav: DVD disk reports itself with Region mask 0x00fd0000. Regions: 2

libdvdread: Attempting to retrieve all CSS keys
libdvdread: This can take a _long_ time, please be patient

libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VIDEO_TS.VOB at 0x00000153
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_01_0.VOB at 0x000001ba
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_01_1.VOB at 0x0000c924
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_02_0.VOB at 0x0000d2a0
libdvdread: Elapsed time 1
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_02_1.VOB at 0x0000d2ed
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_03_0.VOB at 0x0000eea8
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_03_1.VOB at 0x0000eef5
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_04_0.VOB at 0x0000fb30
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_04_1.VOB at 0x0000fb7d
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_05_0.VOB at 0x00017aba
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_05_1.VOB at 0x00017b07
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_06_0.VOB at 0x0035ebfb
libdvdread: Elapsed time 1
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_06_1.VOB at 0x0035ec48
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_07_0.VOB at 0x0037dd38
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_07_1.VOB at 0x0037dd85
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_08_0.VOB at 0x003df255
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Get key for /VIDEO_TS/VTS_08_1.VOB at 0x003df2a2
libdvdread: Elapsed time 0
libdvdread: Found 8 VTS's
libdvdread: Elapsed time 2
[0x7f8c140009b8] main input error: ES_OUT_RESET_PCR called
[0x7f8c140009b8] main input error: ES_OUT_RESET_PCR called
[0x7f8c140009b8] main input error: ES_OUT_RESET_PCR called
[0x7f8c140009b8] main input error: ES_OUT_RESET_PCR called

VLC is able to ignore the region value with most drives. However, it must be set to something:

sudo apt-get install regionset

Place the DVD in your drive and in your case, run:

regionset /dev/sr0

Then set the Region from 1 to 8:
See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD_region_code#Region_codes_and_countries

Please make sure that you have installed the following package:

ubuntu-restricted-extras

It is set of many multimedia related packages, including the libdvdnav, which is probably missing in your case. If you have vlc and libdvdcss already, then you have everything required to play any DVD movie.


Where does Chromium keep the YouTube video files? I know that in Windows, Internet Explorer stores .flv temp files in temporary folder (C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\Temporary Internet Files) when viewing YouTube. And the same make and Google Chrome in Windows (C:\Users\%username%\AppData\Local\Google\Chrome\User Data\Default\Cache). So it's easy to find a copy of that .flv file.

How about Chromium in Ubuntu? Does it store browsing temp data and where?

I made a little research and now I can come with the answer that is not so simple as it seems at first sight.

I searched a lot on Google, and almost everything is pointing to the ~/.cache/chromium/Default folder. It’s the folder where you should find google chrome’s cache files. But there are no big flash video files (like YouTube has), just small ones.

In the end, to answer the question, I came to these conclusions:

First, you have to open an YouTube video and let it stream from internet.
In a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T), you should get PID of Chromium that use Flash Player plugin. You can use various commands, but ps will do just fine: ps ax | grep flash.
Once you have this PID you can find out the name of  video file that just was streamed on Youtube: ls -l /proc/[*PID*]/fd | grep Flash. You will see as result something like this:

lrwx------ 1 [*user*] [*user*] 64 mai 2 09:48 [*video file name - is a number*] -> /tmp/FlashXX4PeKRY (deleted)`

And here is the answer of the question: the last video file streamed on YouTube and cached on the system is:

/proc/[*PID*]/fd/[*video file name - is a number*]

Now, if you want, you should copy them anywhere on the system:

cp /proc/[*PID*]/fd/[*video file name - is a number*] ~/Videos/[*new video file name*].flv

And now you have the last video watched on Youtube in your personal Videos collection.

Chromium throws files into .cache/chromium/Default under theCache and Media Cache folders.


"Unable to open logs" error when I try to restart Apache When I try to start apache I get the following error

root@server11362:~# sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Restarting web server apache2 (98)Address already in use:
   make_sock: could not bind to address 111.90.150.93:80
no listening sockets available, shutting down
Unable to open logs
Action 'start' failed.
The Apache error log may have more information.

In fact the apache log contains no more information.

netstat -tulpn returns the following

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1098/mysqld
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6379          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1414/redis-server
tcp        0      0 111.90.150.93:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1068/named
tcp        0      0 111.90.150.92:53        0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1068/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1068/named
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:5432          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1194/postgres
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:44888           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      845/sshd
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:25              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1395/master
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:953           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1068/named
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:6081            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1435/varnishd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:6082          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1434/varnishd
tcp6       0      0 :::53                   :::*                    LISTEN      1068/named
tcp6       0      0 :::44888                :::*                    LISTEN      845/sshd
tcp6       0      0 :::25                   :::*                    LISTEN      1395/master
tcp6       0      0 ::1:953                 :::*                    LISTEN      1068/named
tcp6       0      0 :::6081                 :::*                    LISTEN      1435/varnishd
udp        0      0 111.90.150.93:53        0.0.0.0:*                           1068/named
udp        0      0 111.90.150.92:53        0.0.0.0:*                           1068/named
udp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*                           1068/named
udp6       0      0 :::53

There is nothing on port 80 but I still cannot restart

There is possibly more broken, because you also get

Unable to open logs

First of all, enable more logging

LogLevel debug

in your /etc/apache2/apache2.conf.

Check your file permissions in /var/log/apache2.

I use often following command to debug:

strace -f apache2ctl start 2>&1|grep -v " ENOENT " | grep -Ee " E[A-Z]+"

It shows you excactly which calls are failed.

[Edit]

Another reason could produce overlapping listen adresses like:

Listen *:80
Listen 1.2.3.4:80

So you listen to all interfaces and the 2nd listen line tried to open an already opened port. Like described here.

My issue was that I had

Listen 192.168.0.101:80

in site configs.

But after PC restart my IP had changed to another (192.168.0.102). Fixing the IP address solved the problem.


Ubuntu Software Icon? I loved the new icon for the app Ubuntu Software, but suddenly the old icon(icon for the software center) has back. How can I fix this? Can I even fix it?
1.Update
When I look in the direction /usr/share/applications, the normal gnome-software icon is displayed, but when I moved it or opened it the panel shows the ubuntu-software-center icon:

2.Update
I followed the directory /usr/share/ubuntu/applications. Typed sudo gedit *.desktop and change the icon direction to the pictures. There I had the gnome-software icon. After logout and login, the icon has changed. That is a temporary change I think, but I'll stick with that.

It seems to be possible to change any icon you want.

There's a link here: http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2014/03/how-to-change-an-application-icon-in-ubuntu-unity-tips/ that worked for Ubuntu 14.04, so should work for Ubuntu 16.04 in the same way.

You'll have to go find the icon you liked (should be able to download it if you can't find it on your system).

It's possible that an update to the package in the future might replace your changed icon if the package itself has an update to it's original icon.

Fairly unlikely though.


apt-get autocomplete package name is broken At some moment

apt-get install

autocomplete was broken

It was very useful to me to see packages name with Tab press

How to repair this autocomplete?

As stated in the comments to the other answer, first make sure that bash-completion is installed:

sudo apt-get install bash-completion

and apparently for @diapir, it helped to reinstall it:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall bash-completion

However, for me, the problem was not that bash-completion was not installed or broken, the problem was that I had accidently deleted my .bashrc file. You can get a new one by copying it from /etc/skel:

cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/

Download the latest stable release from http://bash-completion.alioth.debian.org/

./configure
make
sudo make install

insert

if [ -f /etc/bash_completion ]; then
  . /etc/bash_completion
fi

to ~/.bashrc


Why is my Huawei E1550 dongle detected but unable to connect to the internet? I am using Ubuntu 12.04. I am having problems getting my dongle to work. After I plug in  the modem the network notification shows me that the device has been detected, but each time I try to connect to the internet it displays an icon that shows its trying to connect and then instantly disconnects.

How can I get it to work?

I solved a similar issue disabling the automount for such a device, editing my fstab with  "noauto,exec" options. This worked because these device are both a modem and removable media storage, and it seems one excludes the other.

I had the same problem with my updated ubuntu (12.04 64-bit) after upgrade from 11.10 (modem worked without any hints).

To solve this problem, use terminal (linux or even windows - hyper terminal) to access AT commands and turn device to modem-only mode: AT^U2DIAG=0

In case you'll need other modes, you can turn it back:

AT^U2DIAG=0     (modem only)

AT^U2DIAG=1     (modem + CD-ROM)

AT^U2DIAG=255   (modem + CD-ROM + Card Reader)

AT^U2DIAG=256   (modem + Card Reader)


No audio output 12.04 I installed Precise 12.04.  Installation went well and system worked fine for some time, but now no sound or ability to record from microphone.

Try installing a new audio driver. You can check out Realtek for some drivers. Just click "Downloads" and then click "High Definition Audio Codecs".
Then scroll down and you should see drivers for Linux.


How to open wubi's .disk files under windows? Wubi has created one big file with whole ubuntu installation root.disk - there are some files I have left on my linux partition that I would like to access from windows partition,

Is there any way to mount/open this file under windows?

P.S. I think its ubuntu question, because Wubi is a windows compatible linux.

Explore2fs did not work for me (don't know why)

An alternative that definitely works is ext2explore, which can be downloaded from the following website

http://sourceforge.net/projects/ext2read/files/

Download it and browse for the .disk file where you installed ubuntu. It worked for me, even in kubuntu.

This post described how to mount .disk file but you has to use live CD or USB.
How-to: Recover files from Wubi install with LiveCD


Cron task appears to run in syslog, but does not appear to be actually running I made a short script on one server to backup a folder and send it via FTP to another server. I'm trying to set it to run every minute using crontab. It works perfectly when I run it manually, but when cron runs it, nothing appears to happen (i.e. no file received on the other end). As I said in the title, the task shows up in syslog as if everything is A-OK.

Here's the script:

#! /bin/sh

cd /root

FILENAME="backup-$(date +%b_%d_%Y_%H:%M).zip"

zip -r $FILENAME folder

ftp -in 74.131.78.127 24721 << EOF > ~/log.txt 2>&1

user myusername
binary
cd Desktop/backups
mput $FILENAME

EOF

rm $FILENAME

Crontab entry:

* * * * * /root/backup.sh

I entered this using crontab -e.

I figured out my problem. The actual root did not have permissions to my ineptly named /root folder. A simple chmod -R 707 /root solved it.

It is helpful to set up to create a separate cron.log, which is more useful.

This Q&A describes the process:

16.04: How do I make cron create cron.log and monitor it in real time?

Also in this answer is the instructions to create a wcron command that displays it is near-real-time.

Plus, it links to another answer,

How to change cron log level?

that shows how to change the log level to include more than just the start of jobs - level 15 will show errors and end time, also.

Perhaps your answer is in the log output.


How to install Syslinux on Ubuntu 13.04? I really searched a lot in Google, but i don't found anything. I want to replace my GRUB with Syslinux. I just installed syslinux with sudo apt-get install syslinux (alias, it seems it was already installed) but I don't know how to set it to be the bootloader. I tried syslinux-install_update -ima just like in Archlinux, but it failed. What can I do?

Another complementary question: How do I install Ubuntu 13.04 with Syslinux instead of GRUB?

I use ExtLinux, a variant of syslinux on Ubuntu 14.
You can find a very detailed installation guide here.

A quick summary of the procedure:

Download the software:

  sudo apt-get install extlinux syslinux-common

Install the bootloader:

  sudo extlinux --install /boot/extlinux

Make sure the partion is marked as bootable using Gparted
Replace the GRUB2 MBR with the one used by extlinux:

  sudo cat /usr/lib/extlinux/mbr.bin >/dev/sda

Setup the menu:

  sudo cp -pv /usr/lib/syslinux/menu /boot/extlinux

Enable chain loading of Windows:

  sudo cp -pv /usr/lib/syslinux/chain.c32 /boot/extlinux

Let ubuntu detect the OS's and built the menu

  sudo extlinux-update

Reboot to test if it works.

Steps 5 and 6 maybe done automatically by extlinux-update.

sudo apt-get install syslinux

==> If you want to use syslinux as your bootloader

==> edit /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg and run

==> # /usr/sbin/syslinux-install_update -i -a -m

==> to install it.

After running the script, you should receive a message advising you that Syslinux has been sucessfully installed on both drives:

Detected RAID on /boot - installing Syslinux with –raid

Syslinux install successful

Boot Flag Set - /dev/sda1

Boot Flag Set - /dev/sdb1

Installed MBR (/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin) to /dev/sda

Installed MBR (/usr/lib/syslinux/mbr.bin) to /dev/sdb

Reboot

Source:
http://jasonwryan.com/blog/2012/07/09/syslinux/


Unable to use IntelliJ IDEA keyboard shortcuts on Ubuntu I am very new to Ubuntu, and I'm having a problem that I don't know how to get it fixed. I even tried looking it up on the web for answers, but maybe I don't know the right terms to search for it.

I work with IntelliJ IDEA, an application for development. And I am very used to the keyboard shortcuts, but when I made the switching from Windows XP to Ubuntu 13.10, some shortcuts don't work anymore. For example, such as;

Ctrl + Alt + ←
Alt + F8

Is there any reason as to why? and are there any fix for this? Or maybe just something to guide me on my searching

Thank you all very much in advance.

As a bit of reading taught me that Intellij IDEA is a keyboard-centric IDE. What it means, is that a use can work with it without having to touch the mouse. Also I manage find keymap setting.

For Ubuntu

See how to change keyboard shortcuts?

Here’s a list of tweaks you need to make with default system key bindings so that they won’t interfere with IntelliJ IDEA actions (listed in brackets).

  Disable the Shade window action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + S (Settings dialog)
  Change or disable the Lock Screen action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + L (Reformat code)
  Change or disable the Launch terminal action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + T (Surround with)
  Change or disable the Switch to workspace action, assigned to Ctrl + Alt + Arrow Keys (Navigation)
  Disable the Move window action, assigned to Alt + F7 (Find usages)
  Change or disable the Resize window action, assigned to Alt + F8 (Evaluate expression)

Hope this helps!

Note: You can always revert Ubuntu shortcuts back to its default state. Just refer to How can I restore default keyboard shortcuts?, in case if you're lost.

Source: --  Intellij IDEA Keymap

For Ubuntu 16.04 go to settings > Keyboard and find the particular combination conflicting with your desired out click on it and update the combination to a new one.


Raspberry Pi 4 Compute module 4 CM4 no Wifi with Ubuntu 20.04 server I have installed Ubuntu 20.04 Server on a Raspberry pi CM4 (not the standard pi, the compute module), but cannot figure out how to enable the wifi.  the CM4 has it physically installed and the board's wifi works under raspios (after running through raspi-config and setting it up), but with the ubuntu image provided by ubuntu, i cannot even see wlan0 (or any wifi adapter) when running
ifconfig

or
ls /sys/class/net

i am only shown that eth0 and lo exist.  i have a feeling it must have to do with enabling the correct spi port or wifi parameters in the dto, but cannot find any documentation on it.  Anyone else seeing this with the new compute module?

Problem
My student research group had this issue after flashing RPi/CM4 with Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS; when running ls /sys/class/net and sudo hwinfo --network --short only eth0 and lo exists.
Problem solving
We ran dmesg | grep -i sdio and discovered an error regarding failed to load driver for Wi-Fi chipset (image).
When checking the drivers installed, by running ls /lib/firmware/brcm/ , there were two drivers missing (image):

brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

brcmfmac43455-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt

Solution
note: be aware of the difference between 43455 and 43456.

We found the first driver on github: https://github.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/blob/master/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

Just download it in the folder using
sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/RPi-Distro/firmware-nonfree/master/brcm/brcmfmac43455-sdio.txt

For the second driver we did not find anything, however, we compared the the following drivers:

brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt

brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-model-b.txt

and discovered they where identical. Just duplicate the brcmfmac43455-sdio.raspberrypi,4-model-b.txt and rename it to brcmfmac43456-sdio.raspberrypi,4-compute-module.txt.
After reboot Wi-Fi works!
Distro issue?
We believe this may be a distro-issue..

I have the same issue with a remote CM4 I am supposed to work on.
But may I suggest you try installing "Ubuntu Iot Core" snap image and via the serial configure select the Wifi interface and see if that works?


Can't use cut/copy/move/ on desktop I'm using 12.04. I recently noticed that I can't copy/cut/move files on the desktop, Unless I open Nautilus and go to the Desktop folder to complete the actions.

check the permissions of your Desktop directory

ls -l ~ | grep "Desktop"

it looks like a permission problem, try changing permssions with this

sudo chmod 755 ~/Desktop -R

Some Background:

With the changes to Ubuntu (starting in 11.04) the Unity menu-bar (icons, folders, at left-side of screen) replaced the desktop as the place for icons, launchers, etc.

It is possible to get limited use of the desktop by changing certain settings, but the intent is to no longer use the desktop for this purpose.

The other alternative is to revert/change to using Gnome desktop.


No splash screen after Nvidia propietary drivers After installing nvidia propietary drivers, splash screen shows nothing but a thick bar on top of screen and everything black. It is the same color that splash screen is.

Enabling Nvidia driver messes up splash screen didn't work at all. After applying solution mentioned, now shows completely black screen. I'm using 12.04. I set the resolution to 1024x768 which is native and tried other resolutions as well with no results.

Also remove \$vt_handoff on line 70 in /etc/grub.d/10_linux and things should be working again.
If you're using the script it needs to be updated to work with the recent changes in this file.

This worked for me:
http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Fix-the-Big-and-Ugly-Plymouth-Logo-in-Ubuntu-10-04-140810.shtml

Here is a script for user kww above:
http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/script-to-fix-ubuntu-plymouth-for.html

I cant reply to him or send a PM. (Am I missing something??) hopefully he will get this message or someone can contact him and point back here.

Also of note, I'm a "new user" so I might not have comment reply capabilities.


How can I cancel all the current communication from particular IP in Ubuntu 12.04? I am working on Ubuntu 12.04 firewall. I want to deny any IP on runtime. I am using "ufw deny from IP". It's working for future connections. But it is not cancelling the existing connections like ssh.

How can I cancel all the current communication from particular IP?

Regards,

The best option I've found is to use tcpkill.  When I installed it, it was part of the dsniff package, so I had to install that first.
Then, you would use it like this :

$ sudo tcpkill ip host 20.129.11.86 and port 22
tcpkill: listening on eth0 [ip host 20.129.11.86 and port 22]
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785992582:1785992582(0) win 0
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785992732:1785992732(0) win 0
10.206.22.202:42532 > 20.129.11.86:22: R 1785993032:1785993032(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065251855:4065251855(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065301087:4065301087(0) win 0
20.129.11.86:22 > 10.206.22.202:42532: R 4065399551:4065399551(0) win 0

As soon tcpkill detects matching traffic, it will terminate the connection.

To see where else the IP is hitting your system, you can use netstat -aunt and grep for the IP address. E.g.,

$ netstat -aunt | egrep 115.125.
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:56156     115.125.225.67:80        ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:42360     115.125.225.1:80         ESTABLISHED
tcp        0      0 10.20.22.25:35210     115.125.225.64:80        ESTABLISHED

Create further ufw rules if necessary.

Is restarting ssh an option?

You can use sudo /etc/init.d/sshd stop then sudo /etc/init.d/sshd start, or use the service mechanism:

$ sudo service ssh stop
ssh stop/waiting
$ sudo service ssh start
ssh start/running, process 4427

You could drop the interface temporarily, if that's an option.

There's an app called 'cutter' that should work, taking the IP address and port as arguments.  However, I wasn't able to get the package to install correctly from

$ sudo apt-get install cutter

It's supposed to work something like this (assuming standard port 22 for ssh):

$ cutter 10.10.10.10 22

You might also check out something like the denyhosts package.

I'm not sure, but you can try with iptables:

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 --source 192.168.1.1 -j REJECT

Or if you want to be pedantic

sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 --source 192.168.1.1 REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited

Check this tutorial: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IptablesHowTo

I hope this helps.


Any program that use Java needs to be run under sudo? I have installed a program that needs Java and I've changed to different Java runtime (Oracle). Now every use of java needs to be run from the terminal under sudo.

I needs to make it to use Java compiler without sudo

If you can only access javac (the java compiler) with sudo access you might have permissions issues. The following command should do it for you:

sudo chmod +x  `which javac`


How to install Google Chrome How do you install Google Chrome on Ubuntu?

google-chrome-stable is available on a 3rd Party Repository: Google  Chrome (for Stable).

Follow the instruction for installation:

Add Key:

wget -q -O - https://dl-ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -

Set repository:

echo 'deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list

Install package:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

You can try saving the below script into a file and running it:

if [[ $(getconf LONG_BIT) = "64" ]]
then
    echo "64bit Detected" &&
    echo "Installing Google Chrome" &&
    wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb &&
    sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb &&
    rm -f google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
else
    echo "32bit Detected" &&
    echo "Installing Google Chrome" &&
    wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb &&
    sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb &&
    rm -f google-chrome-stable_current_i386.deb
fi

It will automatically detect your architecture and install the proper version of Google Chrome for your system.

Script source here


Changing TTY keyboard layout on a server? I use 12.04 Server in command line mode (no X installed), and I would like to change the keyboard layout. How can I do this?

After trying sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data, I found out that it doesn't work after a reboot.

However,

sudo dpkg-reconfigure keyboard-configuration

does work after reboot and also has more options.

More info here.

I succeeded today configuring this on my Raspberry Pi 3 via:

generating the required locale locale-gen de_DE.UTF-8
calling loadkeys de


Do all webservers running locally rely on the /etc/hosts file? I'm running the Django webserver locally, and I want be able to enter www.my-site.dev or username.my-site.dev and have that map to my Django application.

I've seen a lot of solutions for Apache, and have tried to add the following to my /etc/hosts file, assuming the Django server would also check /etc/hosts.

127.0.0.1:8000 www.my-site.dev
127.0.0.1:8000 username.my-site.dev

A few things

1) Django probably isn't referencing your hosts file. ( I say probably, because I don't use Django, but it doesn't make sense for it to reference the hosts file as it shouldn't need to do a lookup on itself).

2) The hosts is for local name resolution. It has nothing to do with ports. If you want those two sites to resolve to your local machine, you should have this in your hosts file.

127.0.0.1     www.my-site.dev    username.my-site.dev

You can then access the site via your web browser by going to

www.my-site.dev:8000

The only way for you to not have to type in the 8000 is for you to make Django listen on port 80 (or providing you are doing SSL, 443). This should be configurable in Django, and shouldn't cause any issues (unless you are already running something that is using port 80).

I'm no expert, but it sounds like you need a DNS Server. Otherwise, your browser will check the world wide web to try to find a www.my-site.dev, and will not find your local machine unless you set up a DNS server ans set up any clients accessing www.my-site.dev to use the dns server that you set up. Then the DNS Server will point the client to your local machine. Ignore me if I am wrong :)


Why does Ubuntu need to reboot so often? Ubuntu seems to require a reboot after almost every apt update, even those that do not include a new kernel version. Why?

I guess you are referring to the latest update.

It included a package called linux-firmware which is a package that provides firmware used by the Linux kernel drivers so it was a kernel related update.

So to answer your question or better to correct that statement, Ubuntu doesn't need to be restarted on every update but just on updates which are related to kernel stuff.

Perhaps is due to this.

http://news.softpedia.com/news/Private-Open-Source-Software-Security-Mailing-List-Shuts-Down-After-Hacking-188103.shtml


How should I install my own bash completion script? I've written some software that includes it's own Bash completion script.  This script works fine when I source it manually, but I'm trying to figure out how best to install on Ubuntu 18.04.

There are a lot of other completion scripts in /usr/share/bash-completion/completions, which led me to think that was the answer, but installing my completion script there hasn't had any effect.  Is that location a red herring somehow?  Or is there something I have to do to register the script other than just placing it there?

You could place the completion under your home directory in expanded value of
${BASH_COMPLETION_USER_DIR:-${XDG_DATA_HOME:-$HOME/.local/share}/bash-completion}/completions

or as superuser in subdirectory
bash-completion/completions under any of comma separated directories in expanded value of ${XDG_DATA_DIRS:-/usr/local/share:/usr/share}

The completion file has to be named same as the command, or it could be prefixed by _ or postfixed by .bash.

You can run type __load_completion in bash to list the function that loads completions for details.

You have to restart shell e.g. by running exec bash for the changes to take effect in that shell.

Another source of information is https://github.com/scop/bash-completion#faq

Have you tried to just copy (over-write) that file into place to /usr/share/bash-completion/bash_completion on your system?
Make sure you backup your original bash_completion file.

Then reboot (or perhaps simply log out and log back in again?) and you should be good to go.

See the answer to this question.


How to check if Network Proxy is really applied? I'm trying to set Network Proxy to use my LAN's internet connection to update packages.
while the proxy settings works on my firefox, but the package manager still cannot connect to Internet. I have set proxy in System >> Preferences >> Network Proxy and I have entered the user/pass for the proxy in 'Details' too.

How can I make sure that the Proxy Network is applied correctly?

First of all make sure you click on "Apply system-wide..." whenever you change proxy settings in the gnome-network-properties (System -> Preferences -> Network Proxy). This sets http_proxy and related environment variables. This should be available to all programs started after the proxy setting is "Applied system-wide...". To be really sure, you can logout and back-in to double-check this.

If you open a terminal and use the command set | grep -i proxy you would see the relevant environment variables set. Ideally this should be enough.

However, I have faced situations where all the above still doesn't work: Synaptic or apt-get (over commandline) can't connect to the internet through the proxy even after it is set in the above way. In such cases, one solution is to add a file in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d with specific proxy configuration for apt (this will be used by apt-get, aptitude, synaptic and Ubuntu software center).

Follow the below steps:

Create /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/40proxy

gksudo gedit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/40proxy
Put the following contents into it - modify the contents to suit your situation.

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy.site.com:8080";

If you have a user-name & password you could encode the same in the proxy url (like so, http://username:password@proxy.site.com:8080) or you can use something like ntlmaps for better control.

More info could be found here.

Applying system-wide is not enough ! I think maybe ISA Server or maybe synaptic reset connection for each query to the web this issue that login and password authentication lie down. Or maybe ISA Server do not accept to transmit query that do not answer on HTTP protocol, but It's not my favorite.


Keyboard not responding after suspend I'm using a Dell Inspiron 5378 laptop ..I installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS . After suspend , for login I pressed the keys and it's not responding ...only keys like volume and brightness keys are working... I searched for solutions but I didn't get anything..
Someone help

I can confirm I'm having the same problem with an Dell Inspiron 5378.

Okay, so in the end, having had this problem for quite a while, I'm blaming the GDM lock screen. I've now changed to the LightDM lock screen, by downloading from Synaptic:

lightdm
lightdm-gtk-greeter [simple display manager (GTK+ greeter)]
lightdm-gtk-greeter-settings

So far, so good. I've repeatedly tried to suspend, in various ways, from pressing suspend from the top-right menu, to closing the laptop-lid, and I haven't had any problems since. If I do, I'll come in here at update this answer.

Only 16.04 LTS is certified for this laptop. Install that and it should work. Later versions arent fully working in my experience.


What software can I use to view epub documents? What software can I use to view .epub documents?

You can use calibre software for viewing .epub documents.

To install calibre from terminal:

sudo apt-get install calibre

Or click the icon below.

calibre

If you don't want to launch the full calibre client just to view your ebook files you can add a .desktop launcher to calibre's inbuilt ebook viewer:

Create a new .desktop file in ~/.local/share/applications:

gedit ~/.local/share/applications/calibre-ebook-viewer.desktop

Copy and paste the following passage into the file:

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Icon=calibre
Exec=ebook-viewer
Name=Calibre Ebook Viewer
Comment=Display .epub files and other ebook formats
MimeType=application/x-mobipocket-ebook;application/epub+zip;
StartupWMClass=calibre-ebook-viewer

Save the file. You should now be able to launch Calibre's inbuilt ebook viewer both from the dash and through the right click "Open with" menu.

nov.el is an excellent Emacs package that allows you to read EPUB files in Emacs.

There is also a corresponding Spacemacs layer which allows you use all the Evil (Vim) key bindings when reading.


How do I set a shortcut to screenshot a selected area? In gnome's screen shot program, the quick keys PrtScn captures the entire screen and alt+PrtScn captures the active window. Is there a way to script or set up the third capture option of a selected area?

Update: I don't seem to have this key already mapped...

Open System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts
Select Custom Shortcuts(you can go to Screenshot-s too and it will work)
Click +
Fill fields

Name to Take a screenshot of area
Command to gnome-screenshot -a or shutter -s(if u prefer shutter)

Click OK
Double-click on what you make and set shortcut Shift+PrtSc

— And that's all ... ;)

For xubuntu and xfce users:

Run Keyboard app from the launcher menu, go to Application Shortcuts, check current action for Print, if it's xfce4-screenshooter -f:

add a new action: xfce4-screenshooter -r
Set Shift+PrtScn for it
Check
Enjoy

If it's not xfce4-screenshooter - check the current tool how to run it in the "region screenshot" mode


Having trouble installing old school runescape So I have been trying to get OSRS running and continue to run into an issue. I have been using guides online that have say to run

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:hikariknight/unix-runescape-client

Then

sudo apt-get update

And finally

sudo apt-get install unix-runescape-client

And it gives me

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 unix-runescape-client : Depends: open-6-jre but it is not installable or
openjdk-7-jre but it is not installable

I'm just starting out with Ubuntu and I can't seem to find a fix for this issue. Any help would be welcomed greatly.

I recommend you to use Webup8 Oracle Java8 Installer

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java -y
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer

To automatically set up the Java 8 environment variables

sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-set-default

Check It

java -version

Then try run the install as you did before. This should help :-)


How to watch a video on every workspace? I was wondering if there was an application or something that would allow me to view a workspace in the corner of another workspace?

For example if I had a video playing on one workspace, I'd be able to view it in another workspace while working on something.

I know it's quite a strange idea, but I think that would be quite a cool addition.

I'm a programmer but I've never made anything for Ubuntu so I'm not quite sure how to code something like this, so any ideas or suggestions would be very much appreciated.

Why don't you just resize the player, rightclick on the window-bar and select "stay/keep on top". If you're using totem you could also Ctrl-H to remove the interface, so that only the video and the borders are visible.

Before "backporting" from 12.10 to 12.04 I used to watch youtube with totem this way while doing other stuff.

I don't use Unity myself, and can't normally give advice for it. But here it is pretty clear to me, that you don't want to display a workspace inside of another, but just have a application window on top of another application window. Unity simply puts every application to fullscreen.

The idea is not strange at all, as a matter of fact it was introduced in the 60s (December 8, 1968 at San Fransisco Convention Center, watch the recording, its mindboggling: http://chaosradio.ccc.de/ctv051.html). These so called "application windows" have been around in off-the shelf software at least since the 80s. You might even have seen them in proprietary products like Atari TOS, MacOS, OS2, MS Windows, etc... Most Linux Desktop environments handle them pretty well.

With the exception maybe of Unity. But I am pretty sure there is a way in Unity to get windows out of the fullscreen mode. Try grabbing the upper screen bar and pulling it down, or try the buttons in the top left corner of every window or try rightclicking somewhere or ... I don't know. AS I said, I don't use it myself, but you will probably manage.

Once you have your video player in window mode you can drag it to the left and right border of the screen to change workspaces. You can rightclick on it's title bar and command it to stay on top of all other windows, that should be useful in this case.