How do I update to Ubuntu kernel 3.13.0 on 12.04 LTS without breaking the Nvidia graphics driver? I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 "LTS" on a Lenovo W530 (Nvidia Optimus architecture) and updated the kernel to 3.13.0-32-generic as the version of the kernel I was running was going out of support, 3.5.0-52-generic. I was getting the following warning;

"Your current Hardware Enablement Stack (HWE) is going out of support
on 08/07/14. After this date security updates for critical parts
(kernel and graphics stack) of you system will no longer be available."

I went through some pain to get a second monitor working with this machine in the past and after the update to the new kernel all that work went away. The screen resolution went to 800x600 and the secondary monitor no longer worked. My machine is a work laptop and I thought LTS was a safe bet but obviously not...
I did some investigation on the problem and tried the following;
Purged the nvidia drivers, reinstalled nvidia current and restart;
sudo apt-get purge 'nvidia*'
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current
sudo reboot

Tried to install the latest version of the nvidia drivers in the repo;
sudo apt-get purge 'nvidia*'
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331
sudo reboot

Configured nvidia xconfig, load the drivers and restart the UI;
sudo nvidia-xconfig
sudo modprobe nvidia
sudo service lightdm restart

This lead me to an error in dmesg thrown by trying to load the Nvidia driver with modprobe. Basically the driver doesn't load.

nvidia: module licence 'NVIDIA' taints kernel
nvidia: Unknown symbol acpi_os_wait_events_complete (err 0)

Which lead me to the nvidia forum which outlines a way to patch the system
https://devtalk.nvidia.com/default/topic/644906/linux/331-20-on-3-13-rc1-kernel/
There's a mix bag of information around a fix with nothing really concrete there. There's a bug in the new kernel that breaks the Nvidia driver (from my understanding) and there's some steps to patch it yourself. Again this machine is for work and I don't want to be messing around so I decided to revert back to the previous working kernel;
sudo apt-get remove linux-image-3.13.0-32-generic
sudo reboot
uname -r

3.5.0-52-generic

sudo apt-get purge 'nvidia*'
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current
sudo nvidia-xconfig
sudo modprobe nvidia
sudo service lightdm restart

Everything is back the way I had it but this doesn't solve the fact that after August I'll no longer recieve security updates. I thought this was a LTS...
Is there any information around an official fix for this before August. Or if anyone knows how I can update to 3.13.0 without breaking Nvidia graphics driver?

This is a bug and I expect them to fix this so it will work out of the box soon, but if you want to use the new kernel you can do the update and do the following afterwards after booting to get it working again.

Open a terminal (hold in CTRL and ALT while pressing T)
Add xorg-edgers PPA and update

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

You'll have to supply your password when prompted. You'll get all sorts of info about this repo but to continue just press ENTER

Now in the same terminal:

sudo add-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

If you have an old machine you just replace nvidia-current with nvidia-304.
You need to press Y + ENTER for it to be installed.

When it's finifshed you restart your system. To confirm that you are indeed using Nvidia drivers you may open System settings in the menu on top right and choose Additional Drivers from the Hardware section. It takes some time for it to start up but when it's there it will tell you if you are using Nvidia driver. It might be that you could in fact activate your driver from this view after sudo add-get update but I didn't do that so I'm not 100% sure. Before the HWE update I had several choices here but now I only have the one I have installed.

Hope this fixes things until April 2017 :-p


How can I batch replace one string at start of filename with string from end of filename? I am looking for a command that I can use with Kubuntu's terminal (Konsole).

(Edit) I figured out how to remove the useless last 13 characters in the filename, so what would the script be if I want to replace "Karaoke" with the artist name in the filename is "Karaoke" + space + "song title" + " - " + "artist name" + .mp4?

Is there a way to replace the word "Karaoke" with "artist name" for all the files in a directory? Thanks in advance.

Here are the example filenames that Oli requested:

Karaoke A Spoonful Of Sugar - Mary Poppins
Karaoke Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now - McFadden & Whitehead
Karaoke Ain't Nobody - Chaka Khan
Karaoke A Tisket, A Tasket - Ella Fitzgerald

It's a little over the top but it works here:

$ rename 's/^Karaoke (.+) - (.+) - \w{11}\.mp4$/$2 - $1.mp4/' * -vn
Karaoke banana - cher - 12345678901.mp4 renamed as cher - banana.mp4

You'll need to knock the -n off the end to make it actually rename files. I've left the safety on.

What we're doing here is finding any files that match this pattern, capturing the artist and track from within that pattern and then replacing the whole thing with those two groups (and some formatting and the extension).

I can't predict what it would do if you had artists with - in their names. Probably nothing good, but single dashes (without the spaces) should be fine.

if all are mp4 extension use this

  rename "s/^Karaoke (.+)-(.+)-\w{11}.mp4$/\$2-\$1.mp4/" *.mp4 -n

if you don't have spaces before and after the - symbol,
otherwise use the @oli example

@terdon my mistake...


How to get back WiFi after running sudo chmod -R a+rwx in home folder I mistakenly ran the following command in my home folder:

sudo chmod -R a+rwx

Afterwards, my Wi-Fi now says no adapter found. How do I correct this? Thanks.

You can change the permissions back to their default value by executing:

    sudo chmod -R 755 ~/

But I am not sure this will solve your issue as I have not tested it personally.


CRITICAL **: gst_app_src_set_size: assertion 'GST_IS_APP_SRC (appsrc)' failed As reported here before, in some cases, at least, firefox won't play bandcamp tracks. I have tried to do it when running firefox from the command line, both with my default profile, and with a newly created test profile, and the output started dumping the following line over and over again:

** (firefox:4678): CRITICAL **: gst_app_src_set_size: assertion 'GST_IS_APP_SRC (appsrc)' failed

The same error appears sometimes when firefox crashes (see this bug report).

Do you have any idea what is this bug and whether it is really related to the referenced question?

That looks like a problem with GStreamer.

Try to set the media.gstreamer.enabled pref to false on the about:config page.


How do I enable syntax highlighting in nano? Can nano do syntax highlighting like gedit and vim? How can I enable it? I need at least bash and python syntax highlights.

The nano editor provides syntax highlighting for a few languages and scripts by itself. Check out /usr/share/nano/
nits@nits-excalibur:~$ ls /usr/share/nano/
asm.nanorc     fortran.nanorc   man.nanorc     ocaml.nanorc   ruby.nanorc
awk.nanorc     gentoo.nanorc    mgp.nanorc     patch.nanorc   sh.nanorc
c.nanorc       groff.nanorc     mutt.nanorc    perl.nanorc    tcl.nanorc
cmake.nanorc   html.nanorc      nano-menu.xpm  php.nanorc     tex.nanorc
css.nanorc     java.nanorc      nanorc.nanorc  pov.nanorc     xml.nanorc
debian.nanorc  makefile.nanorc  objc.nanorc    python.nanorc

Link them to your user's nano configuration file (present at ~/.nanorc, ${XDG_CONFIG_HOME}/nano/nanorc, or ~/.config/nano/nanorc, whichever is encountered first) with something similiar to this line:
nits@nits-excalibur:~$ cat ~/.nanorc
include /usr/share/nano/sh.nanorc

Now, syntax highlighting is enabled in nano for whatever file you linked (You could also link multiple files)

Note: Sometimes you might get a segmentation fault after you have edited your ~/.nanorc file. If such an error occurs, unsetting the  LANG environment variable helps. You can unset it with unset LANG in the terminal. (Solution obtained from here)
There are also other solutions if you are not satisfied with your bash highlighting. One example of such can be found here
You can also write include /usr/share/nano/* to the ~/.nanorc file to enable all languages to be highlighted if your nano version supports it.

wget -r -nH --cut-dirs=3 --no-parent --reject="index.html*" https://nanosyntax.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/syntax-nanorc/ -P ~/.nano-syntax
for i in `ls --color=never -1 ~/.nano-syntax/*.nanorc` ; do echo "include $i" >> ~/.nanorc ; done


Replaced Windows 7 with Ubuntu 13.04 but won't boot from internal HDD The installation went fine until I restarted. I remember enabling boot from removable disk and was thinking of disabling it as it boot up. Pressed F8 nothing happened. Instead it went straight to the Purple Ubuntu loading screen. If I try to boot without the usb, it just gives me a blank black screen with a blinking _.

I am fairly new to this and I am hoping for a fix. Thanks in advance.

Install from USB or DVD?
If you use a USB-Stick for the installation, it could be that the bootloader (grub2 i think) is written on the USB-Stick.
So if you remove it, the Machine couldnt boot..

Look at the installation were the bootloader will be installed (were the partition window is).

If that doesnt work, burn a dvd and try with it. That should work!

Have a nice day ;-)


How do I reset my Unity configuration? I've been messing around with Unity and broke something, how do I "start over"?

The following command does not work on newer distributions (as the reply is ERROR: the reset option is now deprecated).

For 12.04 and older

The simplest way is to hit "open a Terminal" or hit Alt-F2 and run the command:

unity --reset

Myself, I'd simply try
rm -rf ~/.compiz-1


How to install gluezilla-dev? gluezilla was removed from latest Ubuntu repository for some silly reason. This library is necessary for mono web libraries to work properly (without gluezilla the web browser component doesn't work).

How do I install it on Ubuntu? It has an incredible dependency tree of packages that were in older Ubuntu versions but for some reason aren't in current Ubuntu. Is there any way to install it other than downgrading to older Ubuntu?

Updated for 12.04

To install, download the 32bit or the 64bit, and then just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to the folder where the download is saved, more that likely its Downloads, and then run the command below.

sudo dpkg -i <package_name.deb>

To download xulrunner click Here, and for libhunspell-1.2-0 click Here


Wi-fi issues on Dell Vostro 3446 Ubuntu 14.04 I installed Ubuntu 14.04(Trusty Tahr) on my Dell Vostro 3446 and it seems to work fine barring a glitch.
The wi-fi does not work. When I click the wi-fi button on the top right, it does not show nearby networks.
Networking is on and nearby wi-fi networks DO exist. It leads me to think that it might be a driver issue.
Wi-fi works fine on the dual-booted Windows 8.1.
If it is, where can I find something for Ubuntu? If not, what other tests should I run to determine the issue?

The lspci output is as follows

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 0b)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 0b)
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 0b)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev e4)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4)
00:1c.3 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 4 (rev e4)
00:1c.4 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 5 (rev e4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04)
06:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)
07:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 0c)
08:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF117M [GeForce 610M/710M/820M / GT 620M/625M/630M/720M] (rev a1)

The correct driver for your Broadcom can be installed with:

sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

If you have just installed Ubuntu 14.04, do a sudo apt-get update first.

Reboot and let us know the result.

If you still have the install DVD or USB, then you can find it and its prerequisite there. Navigate to pool > restricted > b > bcmwl and drag and drop the deb file to your desktop. Now navigate to pool > main > d > dkms and drag and drop dkms to your desktop. Now install both with:

cd ~/Desktop
sudo dpkg -i *.deb

Load the driver:

sudo modprobe wl

Your wireless should now be working.

Problem still exists on Ubuntu 16.04 and my Vostro 1310 laptop. None of the above solutions was working for me so to solve the problem i ordered a "whatever brand" super cheap 2$US WiFicard that did not have the broadcom chip on it. I replaced the existing card (located under harddrive) and voila, everything works normal.
Extra info: The Vostro has 3 cables for WiFi only 2 are connected on the broadcom (the gray cable is insulated). Be sure to connect all 3 in the right order (white-black-gray) on the new card. These are the antenna wires, if you forget to put on the gray cable you might recieve WiFi but you are unable to connect

SOLVED


Where can I find GRUB bootloader script before the system started up? Where can I find GRUB bootloader script before the system is started up? I'm running on VBox V4.3.12 r93733.

If I understood you right, you want the location of the bootloader config file that you can manually edit.

There are a few different locations where these files are stored.

Main config: /etc/default/grub <-- This is the one you really want to edit. OK to play.
Grub config files: /etc/grub.d <-- Custom boot entries. Semi-OK to play.
Various other things: /boot <-- Don't play with things in this dir.

The file that is ACTUALLY read by GRUB2 is stored somewhere on the "boot" partition (EFI, boo!) and/or the empty sectors at the beginning of the hard drive (Legacy, yay!). [I think]

---Grub 2 Files & Options

  Grub 2 is modular and these files are loaded as necessary by the grub bootloader.

  The Grub 2 user-configurable settings are contained mainly in /etc/default/grub and the files in /etc/grub.d. When update-grub is executed the results are input into the /boot/grub/grub.cfg file.

      x /boot/grub/grub.cfg

            - This is the main Grub 2 file. This file contains the Grub menu information but unlike Grub Legacy's menu.lst file, grub.cfg is not meant to be edited.

                  + grub.cfg is automatcially generated when "update-grub" is executed:

                  + Each section (### BEGIN) is clearly delineated and references the file in the /etc/grub.d folder from which the information was generated.

                  + grub.cfg is updated by running the "update-grub2" or "update-grub" command as root.

                  + By default, and whenever the "update-grub2" command is executed, this file is made "read-only". This is in keeping with the intent that the file should not be edited manually. If you must edit this file, instructions are provided in Section 2.

            - Sample grub.cfg including Windows and one manual entry (41_srcd):

              Code:

              #
              # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE
              #
              # It is automatically generated by /usr/sbin/grub-mkconfig using templates
              # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub
              #

              ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ###
              load_env
              set default="0"
              if [ ${prev_saved_entry} ]; then
                saved_entry=${prev_saved_entry}
                save_env saved_entry
                prev_saved_entry=
                save_env prev_saved_entry
              fi
              insmod ext2
              set root=(hd0,1)
              search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396925
              if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then
                set gfxmode=640x480
                insmod gfxterm
                insmod vbe
                if terminal_output gfxterm ; then true ; else
                  # For backward compatibility with versions of terminal.mod that don't
                  # understand terminal_output
                  terminal gfxterm
                fi
              fi
              if [ ${recordfail} = 1 ]; then
                set timeout=-1
              else
                set timeout=10
              fi
              ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ###

              ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###
              menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-12-generic" {
                      recordfail=1
                      save_env recordfail
                  set quiet=1
                  insmod ext2
                  set root=(hd0,1)
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933
                  linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-12-generic root=UUID=7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933 ro   quiet splash
                  initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-12-generic
              }
              menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-12-generic (recovery mode)" {
                      recordfail=1
                      save_env recordfail
                  insmod ext2
                  set root=(hd0,1)
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933
                  linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-12-generic root=UUID=7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933 ro single
                  initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-12-generic
              }
              menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-11-generic" {
                      recordfail=1
                      save_env recordfail
                  set quiet=1
                  insmod ext2
                  set root=(hd0,1)
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933
                  linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-11-generic root=UUID=7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933 ro   quiet splash
                  initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-11-generic
              }
              menuentry "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-11-generic (recovery mode)" {
                      recordfail=1
                      save_env recordfail
                  insmod ext2
                  set root=(hd0,1)
                  search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set 7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933
                  linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.31-11-generic root=UUID=7ebcfe33-6914-42ec-9d2e-0859f7396933 ro single
                  initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.31-11-generic
              }
              ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ###

              ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ###

              ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###
              menuentry "Microsoft Windows XP Home Edition (on /dev/sda1)" {
                  set root=(hd0,1)
                  chainloader +1
              }
              ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ###

              ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###
              menuentry "Jaunty 2.6.28-15-custom" {
                  saved_entry=${chosen}
                  save_env saved_entry
                  set root=(hd0,8)
                  linux    /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28-15-custom root=UUID=48e03255-22b3-488b-ae7e-9dbe4e2beac7 ro  quiet splash
                  initrd    /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-15-custom
              }
              menuentry "SystemRescue" {
                  saved_entry=${chosen}
                  save_env saved_entry
                      set root=(hd0,6)
                      linux   /sysrcd/rescuecd subdir=sysrcd setkmap=us
                      initrd  /sysrcd/initram.igz
              }
              ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ###

      x /etc/default/grub

            - This file contains information formerly contained in the upper section of Grub Legacy's menu.lst and items contained on the end of the kernel line. The items in this file can be edited by a user with administrator (root) privileges.

              Quote:
              # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update
              # /boot/grub/grub.cfg.

              GRUB_DEFAULT=0
              #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0
              GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true
              GRUB_TIMEOUT="3"
              GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
              GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
              GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

              # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only)
              #GRUB_TERMINAL=console

              # The resolution used on graphical terminal
              # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE
              # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo'
              #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

              # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux
              #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

              # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entrys

            - A few bugs still exist in the hidden menu feature. Hiding the menu, even with the correct "TIMEOUT" settings in /etc/default/grub may not work as described.

            - GRUB_DEFAULT - Sets the default menu entry. Entries may be numeric or "saved"

                  + GRUB_DEFAULT=0 - Sets the default menu entry by menu position. As Grub Legacy, the first "menuentry" in grub.cfg is 0, the second is 1, etc.

                  + GRUB_DEFAULT=saved - Sets the default menu entry with whatever was selected last. If the menu is displayed during boot, the last entry selected will be highlighted. If no action is taken, this selection will be booted at the end of the timeout or if the menu is hidden.

                        # grub-set-default is enabled when this value is set to saved. You can quickly change the default OS/kernel with this command.

                              * The format is "sudo grub-set-default X, with X being the menuentry position (starting with 0 as the first entry) or the exact menu string. Examples: sudo grub-set-default 3 or sudo grub-set-default "Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-14-generic"

                              * To obtain the existing menuentry choice number (starting from 0) or the menuentry "string", run "grep menuentry /boot/grub/grub.cfg"

                  + GRUB_DEFAULT="xxxx" - An exact menu entry, including the quotation symbols, may also be used. In this case, location in the menu will not matter. Example: GRUB_DEFAULT="Ubuntu, Linux 2.6.31-9-generic"

                  + For an example of how to enable the "saved" option with a custom menu, see the "Custom User Entries" section.

            - GRUB_TIMEOUT=5 - No change from Grub Legacy. This is the number of seconds before the default entry is automatically booted.

                  + Setting this value to -1 will cause the menu to display until the user makes a selection.

                  + To display the menu on each boot use a value of 1 or higher.

                  + This command defers to the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT command. If the hidden display is interrupted by a key press, the GRUB_TIMEOUT counter begins its countdown.

                  + In addition to editing the file as root, you can also run the following commands the check and change the default timeout value. The first checks the existing timeout, the second replaces the value. Replace T with the new value.

                  Code:

                    cat /etc/default/grub | grep 'GRUB_TIMEOUT='   # Checks current TIMEOUT value.
                    sudo sed 's/GRUB_TIMEOUT=5/GRUB_TIMEOUT=T/g' -i /etc/default/grub  # Change TIMEOUT value. Replace T with new value.

            - GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0

                  + The menu will be hidden unless a # symbol is present at the beginning of this line. ( # GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 )

                  + The setting may depend on the presence of other operating systems.

                        # Another OS Detected: The menu will be displayed. ( The line will begin with a # symbol. )

                        According to some of the GRUB 2 developers, in Ubuntu the menu will not be hidden any time there are other OSs found by os-prober, regardless of this setting. This is in keeping with the Ubuntu Team's goal towards booting: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/DesktopExper...pec#Bootloader

                        # No other OS Detected: The menu will be hidden.

                  + For integers greater than 0, the system will pause, but not display the menu, for the entered number of seconds.

                  + 0 The menu will not be displayed. There will be no delay. When this entry is set to 0:

                        # The user may force displaying the menu as the computer boots by holding down the SHIFT key.

                        # During boot, the system will check the SHIFT key status. If it cannot determine the key status, a short delay will enable the user to display the menu by pressing the ESC key.

                  + If enabled, the splash screen designated in 05_debian_theme will be displayed. This setting hides the menu only.

            - GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true

                  + true - No countdown is displayed. The screen will be blank.

                  + false - A counter will display on a blank screen for the duration of the GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT value.

            - GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian`
                  + Determines the descriptive name in the menu entry. (Ubuntu, Xubuntu, Debian, etc.)

            - GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX

              If it exists, this line imports any entries to the end of the 'linux' command line (Grub Legacy's "kernel" line) for both normal and recovery modes. This is similar to the "altoptions" line in menu.lst

            - GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"
              This line imports any entries to the end of the 'linux' line (Grub Legacy's "kernel" line). The entries are appended to the end of the normal mode only. This is similar to the "defoptions" line in menu.lst. For a black screen with boot processes displayed in text, remove "quiet splash". To see the grub splash image plus a condensed text output, use "splash". This line is where other instructions, such as "acpi=off" are placed.

            - #GRUB_TERMINAL=console

              Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only). This can be useful if the user plans on spending a lot of time in the GRUB 2 command line mode. Scrolling and screen responsiveness will be greatly speeded up.

            - #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true

              Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux

            - #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480

              You can add this line and remove the # symbol to make it active. This entry sets the resolution of the graphical menu (the menu text size). It provides resolutions supported by the user's graphics card (e.g. 640x480, 800x600, 1280x1024, etc). The setting applies only to the boot menu text.

            - From the GRUB 2 menu you can display available resolutions by typing "c" and then at the "grub>" prompt type "vbeinfo"

            - GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY=true

              Add or uncomment this line to prevent "Recovery" mode kernel options from appearing in the menu. If you want a "Recovery" option for only one kernel, make a special entry in /etc/grub/40_custom.

            - GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER="true" - Enables/disables the os-prober check of other partitions for operating systems, including Windows, Linux, OSX and Hurd.

      x /etc/grub.d/

            - The files in this folder are read during execution of "update-grub" or "update-grub2" commands. The contents are imported into /boot/grub/grub.cfg

              The order of the entries in the grub menu is based on the order of the file names. File named with a starting numeral are run before those beginning with a letter. The order the files are run determines the menu order in grub.cfg.
              Custom entries can be added to the "40_custom" file or in a newly created file.

              Any file created must be executable in order to be included in the grub.cfg file during the "update-grub2" command.
                  + 00_header
                  + 05_debian_theme: Set background and text colors, themes
                  + 10_hurd Locates Hurd kernels
                  + 10_linux Locates Linux kernels based on results of the "lsb_release" command.
                  + 20_memtest86+: If the file /boot/memtest86+.bin exists, it is included as a menu item.
                  + 30_os-prober: Searches for Linux and OS's on other partitions and includes them in the menu.
                  + 40_custom: A template for adding custom menu entries which will be inserted into grub.cfg upon execution of the "update-grub2" command. This and any other custom file must be made executable to allow importation into grub.cfg.

---Adding Entries to Grub 2

  Menu entries can be added to grub.cfg automatically or manually.

      x Automatically.

            - When "update-grub" or "update-grub2" is executed, Grub 2 will search for linux kernels and other Operating Systems. What and where is looks is based on the files contained in /etc/grub.d folder.
                  + 10_linux searches for installed linux kernels on the same partition.
                  + 30_os-prober searches for other operating systems.

      x Custom User Entries (/etc/grub.d/40_custom).

            - Entries to grub.cfg can be manually inserted by creating a file in the /etc/grub.d folder.
                  + The name of the file determines the order in the menu. 30_os-prober entries will be placed before 40_custom entries, which will be placed before 50_my-sample entries.
                  + Any created file must be made executable. This can be done as root by running "sudo chmod +x /etc/grub.d/filename".
                  + The files in the /etc/grub.d folder will be read and the contents included in grub.cfg when the "update-grub2" command is executed as root.

            - A sample entry. This file creates a menu item for running the SystemRescueCD (previously installed) from a partition created on sda10. Folders and files must have been copied to the correct location in accordance with the SystemRescueCD if you wish to actually use this entry.
                  +

                    #!/bin/sh
                    exec tail -n +3 $0
                    # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the
                    # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change
                    # the 'exec tail' line above.

                    echo "Adding SystemRescueCD" >&2
                    menuentry "System Rescue CD" {
                    set root=(hd0,10)
                    linux /sysrcd/rescuecd subdir=sysrcd setkmap=us
                    initrd /sysrcd/initram.igz
                    }

                  + Note the new partition naming convention. Devices start counting from "0" as done previously. sda is designated as "hd0", sdb is "hd1", etc. However the first partition is now designated as sda1. Counting partitions does not start with "0". sda5 is "5".
                  + The line 'echo "Adding SystemRescueCD" >&2' is not required. Including it in the file allows this line to be seen in the terminal when "update-grub2" is executed. It provides visual feedback that the entry has been found and entered. The entry, if in the correct format, will be inserted in grug.cfg whether or not this line is included in the file.

            - Tip: If you want to have your custom entries at the top of the menu (say you want custom titles), create a new file and name it "07_xxxx". Since the files in /etc/grub.d/ are read sequentially, those in "07_custom" will be placed before those of "10_linux". I recommend not naming a custom menu file lower than 06 so that any theme run from 05_debian_theme is allowed to run before any custom menu is created. After creating the file, run sudo update-grub and then check the value of "DEFAULT" in /etc/default/grub. If it doesn't point to the correct menuentry, change the value of DEFAULT to the correct menuentry value.

            - Omitting memtest86+: To prevent "memtest86+" entries in your Grub 2 menu, remove the "executable" bit from /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+. You can do this via a file browser by selecting "Properties (right click), Permissions", or via the command line:

              sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+

            - Omitting Recovery Mode entries: The file /etc/grub.d/10_linux was recently updated to include a check for recovery mode options. Edit /etc/default/grub and add or change this line:

              GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_RECOVERY=true
              If you have an older version of /etc/grub.d/10_linux and the above does not work after updating grub, you can prevent "Recovery mode" entries in your Grub 2 menu, by editing /etc/grub.d/10_linux. If there are no conditional "if" statements concerning the recovery mode, place a comment symbol (#) in front of the following lines (at approximately line 146) of the old file:

              # linux_entry "${OS}, Linux ${version} (recovery mode)" \
              # "single ${GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX}"
              If you wish to retain one "Recovery mode" entry for insurance, you can add an entry to /etc/grub.d/40_custom which will appear at the bottom of your grub menu.

            - Building a Totally Customized Menu: Ok, admit you are a control freak and you want to see only what you build yourself - customized titles, no "memtest86+" and no extra kernels. Here is how you do it:
                  + Run sudo update-grub to get the current available kernels.
                  + Copy the desired "menuentry" listings from /boot/grub/grub.cfg to /etc/grub.d/40_custom The entry begins with the line starting with "menuentry" and ends with a line containing "}".
                  + Add any other "menuentry" items you wish to see on the boot menu.
                  + Edit the titles of the "menuentry" line if desired (between the quotation symbols). Do not change the lines following the "menuentry" line. Each entry should start with a "menuentry" line and end with a "}" on the last line.
                  + Remove the executable bit from /etc/grub.d/10_linux, /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ and /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober
                    Removing the executable bit from any file in /etc/grub.d will exclude the file from being included in grub updates.

                    sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/10_linux /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober

                  + Run "sudo update-grub"
                  + The updated /boot/grub/grub.cfg file should now contain only sections for "00_header", "05_debian_theme" and "40_custom".
                  + The grub.cfg file will not be updated with the addition of a new kernel. To add a new kernel, make "10_linux" executable, run "sudo update-grub" to refresh the available kernels, and repeat these instructions.

            - Incorporating the DEFAULT=save Option: In order to enable the "saved default" option with which Grub 2 preselects the last successfully-used option at boot, the "DEFAULT=save" option must be entered in /etc/default/grub and the 40_custom file must be modified. An example of a 40_custom file follows:
                  +

                    #! /bin/sh -e

                    prefix=/usr
                    exec_prefix=${prefix}
                    libdir=${exec_prefix}/lib
                    . ${libdir}/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib
                    echo "Adding SystemRescueCD & Custom Kernel" >&2

                    menuentry "Jaunty 2.6.28-15-custom" {
                    save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
                    set root=(hd0,7)
                    linux /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.28-15-custom root=UUID=12c55255-27b3-488b-hje7e-9dbe4e2esfg5 ro quiet splash
                    initrd /boot/initrd.img-2.6.28-15-custom
                    }

                    menuentry "SystemRescue" {
                    save_default_entry | sed -e "s/^/\t/"
                    set root=(hd0,6)
                    linux /sysrcd/rescuecd subdir=sysrcd setkmap=us
                    initrd /sysrcd/initram.igz
                    }
                  + Manual Windows Entry (with /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober made unexecutable)
                    Quote:
                    #! /bin/sh -e

                    echo "Adding Windows 43_custom" >&2
                    menuentry "Windows Vista 43_custom" {
                    insmod ntfs
                    set root=(hd0,1)
                    search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set CFFCFF9EECFF7F49
                    chainloader +1
                    }

      - Don't forget to run "sudo update-grub" after making any changes to your /etc/grub.d files.

      x Manual Editing of grub.cfg (Not encouraged)
        Manual editing of /boot/grub/grub.cfg is not encouraged. Think of grub.cfg as a result, not as an initiator. The files that should be edited are contained in the /etc/grub.d folders and the /etc/default/grub file.

        In order to discourage its editing, grub.cfg is read-only. Even attempting to open, edit and save this file using root privileges cannot be done until the 'read-only' status is changed. If you must edit this file:

        sudo chmod +w /boot/grub/grub.cfg
        gksudo gedit /boot/grub/grub.cfg

        Note: This file is returned to 'read-only' status anytime the update-grub command is run.

---Removing Entries from Grub 2

  Entries should be removed by editing or removing files in the /etc/grub.d folder. The /boot/grub/grub.cfg file is read-only and should not normally require editing.

      x Automatically.

            - Too Many Kernels? Kernels removed via Synaptic or with "apt-get remove" will automatically update grub.cfg and no user action is required.
                  + In Synaptic, type the kernel number in the search window at the upper right (for example - 2.6.28-11).
                  + Find the "linux-image" and "linux-headers" files for the applicable kernel (example - linux-image-2.6.26-11 or "linux-image-2.6.26-11-generic).
                  + Right click and select "Mark for Complete Removal" and then press the Apply main menu button.
                  + The kernels will be removed from your system and from the Grub menu.
                  + If you are not sure of the kernel you are currently using, in a terminal type "uname -r".
                  + Many users keep one previous kernel on the machine which previously ran without problems.

            - Other Operating Systems which have been removed from the computer will also be removed from the menu once "update-grub2" is run as root.

            - To prevent one of the /etc/init.d files from running, remove the "executable" bit.
                  + Example: If you don't want to see the "Memtest86+" entries, run this command:

                    sudo chmod -x /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+

                  + Run the update-grub command to allow the changes to be incorporated in grub.cfg

        User-Created Entries.

            - To remove a user-created menu entry, remove the applicable file from the /etc/grub.d folder.

            - If a custom file contains multiple entries, individual items may be removed and others retained.

            - Once the file has been removed or edited, run "update-grub2" to update grub.cfg.


unmet dependencies error after installing squid I have this error message after running "sudo apt-get squid3 install" in terminal on ubuntu 12.04

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 squid3 :

Depends: squid3-common (= 3.1.19-1ubuntu3.12.04.3) but it is not going to be installed

Problem solved...
I had to download the "squid-langpack" using my browser and installed it on the ubuntu after which the "sudo apt-get install squid-common" and "sudo apt-get install squid3"

Is this all. If so then try installing the squid3-common package manually using

apt-get install squid3-common

and then try installing squid again.


Copying files from download folder Trying to drag and drop a file from downloads folder to a sandisk flash drive.  When I drag and drop the file it keeps jumping back to the downloads folder.

Maybe you don't have permissions to write on the external drive or it is a file system which cannot be read.

To find out if that's the problem, open a terminal and type

lsblk

Followed by "enter". You will get something like the following output:

List of block devices

The size column will probably tell you which device is your flash drive (my usb stick in the picture has 15 GB for example). In the name column, sdx always means the whole device, sdx1 would be the first partition of the device. What you need to write down is the mountpoint of the partition (probably the first and only partition) of your flash drive, it will be something like /media/user/foo - in my screenshot you can see my usb stick mounted at sdc1 with mountpoint /media/.... If no mountpoint is specified, the flash drive is not mounted. In Ubuntu automounting is activated I think by default, so removing the drive and connecting it again should do the trick. Otherwise you need to manually mount it.

Now change to your mountpoint with entering

cd /media/user/foo

(user being the name of your login user), now you should be seeing all your folders which already exist on your flash drive when typing

ls -al

Here, the leftmost column tells you about the file permissions, it is something like

`drwxrwxrwx` or `-r-x------`

d means that this file is a directory, the first rwx are the users permissions, second rwx the group's permissions, third rwx the permissions of everybody else. r =  read, w = write, x = execute. If there is a dash (-) instead of the letter itself, a certain permission is not granted.
The third and fourth column tells you the user and group the files belong to. This should be your login user & its default group. If this is not the case and the permissions on the files are restricting others from writing (no w at the third triple), then you have your problem.

Now you have several possibilities to fix that:

Copy files with sudo:

sudo cp /home/user/Downloads/filename /media/user/foo/

this will give you temporarily root permissions to allow you copying the files. If you want to copy whole directories, you need to copy them recursively with

sudo cp -R /home/user/Downloads/directory /media/user/foo/

When prompted for a password, enter your user's login password.
Change the owner & group of your files: you need to go one level higher in the file system with

cd ..

Then use the following commands to change user and group of the mountpoint itself:

sudo chown -R user /media/user/foo

sudo chgrp -R group /media/user/foo

-R means recursive, which will modify the user and group of each and every file and directory inside the mountpoint and the mountpoint itself. Your default group has the same name as the user in a default installation of ubuntu, verify that by entering groups in the terminal, the first entry is your default group. Actually, you only need the first line to make it work, the second one with the group is optional.
If nobody is allowed to write to the flashdrive (no w in any of the three sections) you need to adjust the permissions of the files with the command

sudo chmod u+w filename

u+w will give user (u) write access (+w) to the file, which you can specify with the relative path name (the path relative to the current directory) or the absolute pathname from the root directory, which will be something like /media/user/foo/filename

If this is not helping, it might be a filesystem issue. You can use gparted to check the type of file system of the flashdrive. Type

`sudo gparted`

and select your device (you know the name from lsblk, it's something like "/dev/sdx"). Be careful with this tool because it can wipe whole disks! The column "filesystem" will be something like ntfs, ext4, fat, ... Please post your filesystem type here that we can help you further.

If you have any questions regarding the whole procedure, don't hesitate to ask :)

Alternate way of doing the same

First create a directory to mount usb

sudo mkdir /media/external

and then

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -o uid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137

For more info, refer to this
and then try copy operation

cp -r $HOME/Downloads/* /media/external


Copy (only copy, not cutting) in Nano? I need to copy some text in Nano, so I searched using Google and found a few posts here on Stack Exchange and other sites in which the OP asks "How can I copy?" and people usually answer "You can use ctrl+K". The person asks how to copy and they are told how to cut.

Other answers mention alt+6 but in my testing it doesn't work.

Is there no option to copy text in Nano? Is there a workaround?

Position the cursor at the beginning of the character from which you want to copy. Press Alt+Shift+A to set mark.  ( Alternatively, set mark with Ctrl+6 )
Use arrow keys to highlight the text to copy.

Use Alt+Shift+6 to copy (Alternatively, Alt + 6 )
Navigate to the place you want to paste. Release paste with Ctrl+U

Where is reference to these keybindings

All of these are defined under the documentation, which you can access with Ctrl+G at any point. Note that leading ^ stands for Ctrl and M for Alt in the documentation, since this is traditional way of Unix defining meta characters. Lines from documentation:

  ^^    (M-A)     Mark text starting from the cursor position

and

  M-^   (M-6)     Copy the current line and store it in the cutbuffer

The easiest way that I find to copy text in nano is to select the text that you want to copy, with your mouse, and right click it. This will bring up a menu where it gives you an option of a few things one of witch is copy, select that option and you have copied the text. When you would like to paste the text do the same thing but select paste instead and it will paste the text.


Windows 10 update screwed up grub-not getting any options to dual boot to Linux I was away from Linux for quite some time(around 3 months or so)...haven't even booted...but my grub menu was working fine...i believe during last 3 weeks or so some Windows 10 update happened and now i am not seeing any grub screen which can give me the option to boot into Linux. After boot - it straight away goes into Windows 10.
Just wanted to tell I had Windows 10 only(not upgrade from Windows 7 or Window 8.1 to Windows 10).

I used to just try out this command:

bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\shimx64.efi

I forgot last time what i used in place of {bootmgr} etc...
Please help me try to recall and fix this issue.

I just need to create the live USB for Ubuntu Desktop 16.04 LTS and then try ubuntu and follow the steps after wards, right? Please let me know.

Update
If i follow the above question. I have some doubts about step # 2 and # 3

Determine the partition number of your main partition. GParted (which should

  already be installed, by default, on the live session) can help you
  here. I'm going to assume in this answer that it's /dev/sda2, but make
  sure you use the correct partition number for your system! Mount your
  partition: sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt  #Replace sda2 with your
  partition number

I have two hard drives and my entire Ubuntu is on second drive /dev/sdb. /dev/sdb also contains windows. /dev/sda is all windows.

So what should be the commands for me for:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt #Replace sda2 with your partition number

Just wanted to tell I had Windows 10 only(not upgrade from Windows 7 or Window 8.1 to Windows 10).

This is happening to you because windows now use an upgrade new system, not only to upgrade from previous windows but from older windows 10 versions. In your case the windows 10 anniversay update was the reason. This when installed, it's like installing a new system from the scrach so no matter what solution you find, when a new windows 10 version came up this could happen to you again unless you use different hard drive for each system, each one with their on MBR.


How do I remove XFCE from my computer? My computer is overheating because I got too many desktop environments installed like: MATE, Cinnamon and XFCE.  I uninstalled them, but XFCE failed to uninstall. I get this error.

 sudo apt-get purge xfce4
    Reading package lists... Error!
    E: Problem syncing the file - sync (5: Input/output error)
    E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

Try this
sudo apt-get purge xfconf xfce4-utils xfwm4 xfce4-session xfdesktop4 exo-utils xfce4-panel xfce4-terminal  thunar

followed by
sudo apt autoremove

try : sudo apt-get remove xfce4-*
this helps in removing all linked packages, after you have executed sudo apt-get purge xfce4, of course.


I have 16GB RAM. Do I need 32GB swap? I read many places that the rule of thumb for swap space is to double the amount of physical RAM. However, 32 GB does seem a LOT. Do I need that much? Do I need it at all with this high amount of physical RAM?

Here's a very good recommendation from Red Hat: Recommended System Swap Space
An excerpt from the same link:

In years past, the recommended amount of swap space increased linearly with the amount of RAM in the system. However, modern systems often include hundreds of gigabytes of RAM. As a consequence, recommended swap space is considered a function of system memory workload, not system memory.

And another excerpt from an older version of the page:

However, given that swap space is usually designated at install time, and that it can be difficult to determine beforehand the memory workload of a system, we recommend determining system swap using the following table.

RHEL 8 table:
Amount of RAM    Recommended swap space       Recommended swap space
in the system                                 if allowing for hibernation
--------------   --------------------------   ---------------------------
⩽ 2 GB           2 times the amount of RAM    3 times the amount of RAM
> 2 GB – 8 GB    Equal to the amount of RAM   2 times the amount of RAM
> 8 GB – 64 GB   At least 4 GB                1.5 times the amount of RAM
> 64 GB          At least 4 GB                Hibernation not recommended

At the border between each range listed in the table above, for example a system with 2 GB, 8 GB, or 64 GB of system RAM, discretion can be exercised with regard to chosen swap space and hibernation support. If your system resources allow for it, increasing the swap space may lead to better performance. A swap space of at least 100 GB is recommended for systems with over 140 logical processors or over 3 TB of RAM.

Original RHEL 5 table:
Amount of RAM in the System     Recommended Amount of Swap Space
4GB of RAM or less              a minimum of 2GB of swap space
4GB to 16GB of RAM              a minimum of 4GB of swap space
16GB to 64GB of RAM             a minimum of 8GB of swap space
64GB to 256GB of RAM            a minimum of 16GB of swap space
256GB to 512GB of RAM           a minimum of 32GB of swap space

I think you got it the other way round. SWAP Recommendation, you would need ~16GB. So SWAP should be 1/2 of the actual RAM size. But still thats a LOT of space. Depends what you need it for. I'd say, if you don't use "hibernate", keep around ~4GB to ~8GB if you can afford the disk space. Since you have 16GB, I assume you may be using a computer which needs powerful resources... so maybe it might be beneficial to have 16GB to 32GB SWAP as well.

I have 2GB RAM and 1GB SWAP. I do pretty much fine with it, but that's just my opinion. Look at the other comments/suggestions and see what they say.


Why do df and du show different output? When I execute the command df -h /tmp it says disk utilization is 100%, but when it try du -sh /tmp it says disk utilization is 2%.

I want to know why these commands shows different output, how these two commands work and what is the solution to this problem.

Context: /tmp is installed on it own file system. I am using Ubuntu 12.04 server edition on my VPS account. Due to this problem utilization of /tmp 100% according to df some programs complain about free space in /tmp.

du reports free space by scanning reachable inodes and calculating their size.

If a file is created, opened, and later deleted while it is still open, the program that opened it will continue to have access to the file, and writes and reads can be performed to that memory location on disk. du does not account for such open files whereas df does.

A simple restart should flush /tmp and solve your problem.

An alternative would be to scan open files and restart or kill the process that did not release the deleted files.

Make sure you sudo when running du. For instance, if you run du -hs /*, you won't see the real disk usage unless you add sudo.


How do I install the game ClanBomber? I love this game, but when I type ClanBomber in Ubuntu Software center, it lists only Granatier. I probably need to add some repository?

Granatier is advertised as "...a clone of the classic Bomberman game, inspired by the work of the Clanbomber clone"

ClanBomber looks like it was last "compiled" in a package (.deb) for Ubuntu Dapper.  It is not recommended that you download such an old package and installing that - you could break stuff, even if it appears to work.

However, if you really must have the "original" - you will need to try one of two things.

Use the zeroinjector routine - step by step guide on the linked web-page below.  The instructions refer to v9.04 of ubuntu, so I dont know if they will work on the current supported versions of ubuntu.

If the zeroinjector routine does not work you'll need to download the source-code and compile the source code.

Download the source code from here and use standard build instructions such as

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
./configure
make
sudo make install

I think it's a libjpeg.so problem.

sudo apt-get install 0install 0install-core

0install is looking for libjpeg.so.62. I found it out when trying to launch Clanbomber from the command line.

In Xenial, I have libjpeg.so.8 and libjpeg.so.9 in 2 different locations

Output of locate libjpeg.so:

/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8.0.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8.0.2
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.9
/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.9.2.0

But as you see, there is no libjpeg.so.62

So I moved to /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ in order to create a symlink with the existing library:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.62

Just in case, I did the same in the directory /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.8 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjpeg.so.62

Then I typed in the command :

0launch http://www.nongnu.org/clanbomber/zeroinstall/ClanBomber.xml

It worked for me. It should work for you.


Booting ubuntu iso file from grub menu I follow Grub2 ISO boot guide

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Grub2/ISOBoot

here is my menu for iso booting

menuentry "Ubuntu 14.04 Live" {
     set isofile="/lilw/os/ubuntu.iso"
     loopback loop (hd0,10)$isofile
     linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject
     initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

but I failed to boot from iso file, it always make my system reboot.No message giving out so I don't know what happen.

If I get into grub menu and then using command at

grub >

typing these follow command:

grub > loopback loop (hd0,10)/lilw/os/ubuntu.iso
grub > linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=$isofile noprompt noeject
grub > initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz

and then

grub > boot

it will boot to the iso normally.

I don't want to boot this way. But the menuentry in grub does not work.

FYI: I have multiple version of ubuntu running on my system, range from 10.04 to the latest. My iso file store in sda10 which is a /home for the current ubuntu grub.

Edit 1: I extract the contains of iso file but still can't boot with ubuntu. But I can boot with Fedora 20 when extract it contains to a folder, weird..

Edit 2: Finally I find a site that help out with new grub2 command syntax. all the failed boot is because of wrong syntax in grub2

TRY THIS: solved my problems

http://git.marmotte.net/git/glim/tree/grub2

So my grub menu entry will look like this:

menuentry "Ubuntu 14.04 (LTS) Live Desktop amd64" --class ubuntu {
   set isoname="ubuntu-14.04-desktop-amd64.iso"
   set isofile="/lilw/os/${isoname}"
   loopback loop (hd0,10)$isofile
   linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=${isofile} quiet splash
   initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
}

if I missing the two '{ }' of isofile it won't boot. so weird

Try this

 menuentry "Ubuntu 14.04 Live" {
 loopback loop (hd0,10)/lilw/os/ubuntu.iso
 linux (loop)/casper/vmlinuz.efi boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/lilw/os/ubuntu.iso noprompt noeject
 initrd (loop)/casper/initrd.lz
 }

I figured out the problem is the syntax of grub2 changed. follow this link and find your grub entry to boot, there is still some lines you will need to fill in to work.

http://git.marmotte.net/git/glim/tree/grub2


Audio drivers, bluetooth drivers and wifi drivers don't work I know you may think that this question has been answered in other threads. But the point is that I tried almost all things are said in all of these kind of threads and didn't work for me. I installed Ubuntu 17.04 in my Asus-x205ta laptop (which has been horrible, many problems with grub errors and UEFI) and now neither WIFI drivers nor audio drivers nor Bluetooth drivers work. Another interesting thing I found is that in "Software and updates", in the additional drivers section, I can choose one privative driver for the CPU, but not for Wifi, Bluetooth or audio.

The most important problem for my needs is the WiFi problem.
As I said, I tried different things to solve the problem, that is to say, the most common ways to solve these problems.

Also I have read that this netbook has a lot of problems with Linux.

This is the output for iwconfig:

sergio@sergio-X205TA:~$ iwconfig
enx0050b61c7199  no wireless extensions.
lo        no wireless extensions.

And this is the output for lscip:

sergio@sergio-X205TA:~$ lsipc
RESOURCE DESCRIPTION                                              LIMIT USED  USE%
MSGMNI   Number of message queues                                 32000    0 0,00%
MSGMAX   Max size of message (bytes)                               8192    -     -
MSGMNB   Default max size of queue (bytes)                        16384    -     -
SHMMNI   Shared memory segments                                    4096    7 0,17%
SHMALL   Shared memory pages                       18446744073692774399 5248 0,00%
SHMMAX   Max size of shared memory segment (bytes) 18446744073692774399    -     -
SHMMIN   Min size of shared memory segment (bytes)                    1    -     -
SEMMNI   Number of semaphore identifiers                          32000    0 0,00%
SEMMNS   Total number of semaphores                          1024000000    0 0,00%
SEMMSL   Max semaphores per semaphore set.                        32000    -     -
SEMOPM   Max number of operations per semop(2)                      500    -     -
SEMVMX   Semaphore max value

And this is the output for lsusb:

sergio@sergio-X205TA:~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 6557:5500
Bus 001 Device 006: ID 0b95:772b ASIX Electronics Corp. AX88772B
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 05e3:0610 Genesys Logic, Inc. 4-port hub
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 04f2:b483 Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

I have Xubuntu on my Asus X205TA (I used to use Debian then Lubuntu but they had a few oddities on the X205TA so I made the switch), here is what I did to get mine working with Xubuntu:

The prep work needed:

Have 2 USB drives (We will call them B1 and B2), an Ubuntu 14.04 64bit ISO, and a Xubuntu 64bit ISO and another computer (not the X205TA)
Use Rufus on the computer to make a Ubuntu 14.04 Live USB on the first USB drive (B1)
Boot up the computer with the 14.04 Live USB (B1)
Use the "startup disk creator" to make a Xubuntu Live USB with persistence on the second USB drive (B2)
Add this file to /EFI/BOOT directory of the Xubuntu flash drive (B2)
Shut down the computer
Ensure that the laptop is plugged in and charging
Plug the Xubuntu Live USB drive (B2) into the laptop
Plug in your internet access device
Boot the laptop & press ESC as it is booting (this will give you the boot order screen)
Select "enter setup"
Disable Secure Boot
Save and exit the BIOS
Press ESC as it is booting (this will give you the boot order screen)
Select your Xubuntu Live USB drive (B2) drive from the list
Select "Try Xubuntu" when prompted
Open the "Terminal Emulator" program

Type in the following commands (or you could copy and paste them)

sudo apt update
sudo apt install gnome-disk-utility

Then do the following:

Open the "Disks" program
Find the laptops inbuilt storage and format it with a MBR/DOS partition system (top right, the gear)
Once it is done use the "Install Xubuntu" program on the desktop to install it onto the laptops internal storage, make sure you have internet access on the laptop (USB cell phone tethering works well) and to select the option to install third party software.
When the installation is complete you can shut-down the laptop & remove the USB Drive (but not your internet access device).
Boot into your new install and log in

You now should have a semi working laptop, but as Billy Mays often said, "But wait there's more".

Open up the terminal and type in the following commands (or you could copy and paste them)

sudo apt update
sudo apt dist-upgrade
Install any updates shown
sudo reboot

If you are installing 18.04 then your Wifi and MicroSD card reader should be working fine but if you are experiencing system frezes then use the fix in postscript 1, or Wifi stability issues then use the fix in postscript 4. If you are installing version 17.10 or earlier. then follow postscripts 1, 2, 3, & 4 below.

^1 System freezes.

Open up the terminal and type in the following command

sudo thunar
Navigate to "/etc/default/"
Open the "grub" file
On the line "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT" needs to be edited to read

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_idle.max_cstate=1"
Save and close the file
Close the file manager window

Type into the terminal

sudo update-grub
Let it run it's course
sudo reboot
All going well you should not experience any random system freezes

^2 Wifi driver install for version 17.10 or earlier.

Open up the terminal and type in the following commands (or you could copy and paste them)

cd /tmp
wget https://android.googlesource.com/platform/hardware/broadcom/wlan/+archive/master/bcmdhd/firmware/bcm43341.tar.gz
tar xf bcm43341.tar.gz
sudo mkdir -p /lib/firmware/brcm/
sudo cp fw_bcm43341.bin /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43340-sdio.bin
sudo mount -t efivarfs efivarfs /sys/firmware/efi/efivars
sudo cp /sys/firmware/efi/efivars/nvram-74b00bd9-805a-4d61-b51f-43268123d113 /lib/firmware/brcm/brcmfmac43340-sdio.txt
reboot

^3 Micro SD Card Reader fix for version 17.10 or earlier.

Open the text editor and type the following text (as shown) into it

# Adjustment to make micro SD card reader work
  options sdhci debug_quirks=0x8000
Save the file as "sdhci.conf" on the desktop

Open up the terminal and type in the following command

sudo thunar
Move the "sdhci.conf" file from the desktop to the directory "/etc/modprobe.d"
Close the file manager window

Type into the terminal

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
Let it run it's course
sudo reboot

^4 Wifi stability fix for version 17.10 or earlier.

Open the text editor and type the following text into it

blacklist btsdio
Save the file as "fix-wifi.conf" on the desktop

Open up the terminal and type in the following command

sudo thunar
Move the "fix-wifi.conf" file from the desktop to the directory "/etc/modprobe.d"
Close the file manager window

Type into the terminal

sudo update-initramfs -u -k all
Let it run it's course
sudo reboot
All going well your Micro SD card reader should now be working and the Wifi should not be working erratically

Note: As of the posting of this "how to" the laptops Bluetooth and sound are not supported and will not work, if you need either of them you will need a USB dongle.

The first thing you can try when you have driver issues is to use a more recent kernel. You can install a kernel easily with the Ukuu utility. See the official website.


How to force Wine into acting like 32-bit Windows on 64-bit Ubuntu? When installing Wine on 64-bit Ubuntu 12.04, both 64-bit support and 32-bit support get installed. If I run wine foo.exe where foo.exe is a 64-bit-aware installer, it thinks it's on 64-bit Windows. This would be fine if this mode didn't fail, but in my case, it does (yet the Wine database suggests the app I'm trying to install should work, presumably as a 32-bit app).

How do I tell Wine (and Winetricks) to use Wine in 32-bit-only mode?

It turns out that to make Wine run in 32-bit-only mode, one needs to:

Remove ~/.wine if it was already created in the 64-bit mode. (WARNING: This removes all stuff you have installed under Wine. Move it aside instead if you want to avoid dataloss.)
Set the WINEARCH environment variable to win32 i.e. export WINEARCH=win32
Then run wine (or winetricks, etc.)

While you can not run within the same containers you can actually still have both by setting up Biarch. Please see this Wine white paper on setup.
While hsivonen gives you the easiest answer this would be the way to achieve your desired functionality.

https://wiki.winehq.org/Building_Biarch_Wine_On_Ubuntu


How do I rotate my display when not using an X Server? I have a widescreen monitor that rotates. I'm trying to use it in 'landscape' mode (vertical). This is easy in the GUI.

How do I rotate my display when I am not running an X Server or when I am viewing a Virtual Console / Terminal.

You can rotate your virtual framebuffers using fbcon.  0 through 3 to represent the various rotations:

0 - Normal rotation
1 - Rotate clockwise
2 - Rotate upside down
3 - Rotate counter-clockwise

These can be set from the command line by putting a value into the correct system file.  Rotate the current framebuffer:

echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/class/graphics/fbcon/rotate

Rotate all virtual framebuffers:

echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/class/graphics/fbcon/rotate_all

If you want this to happen automatically when you start your system, you need to modify your boot loader configuration to give it the correct options.  In /etc/default/grub add fbcon=rotate:1 to the GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="fbcon=rotate:1"

(Don't forget to run sudo update-grub after changing this file.)

Sources: Rotate Screen, not running X windows, Rotate console on startup (Debian)

You can only rotate your display with some kind of X server. A virtual console as well as framebuffer has no support for rotating.

But maybe you can run some small X window manager like awesome and a terminal in full-screen mode. In this case you would get the rotation feature and it still feels like a console.


How to restrict total time usage for an account Possible Duplicate:
  How can I set computer usage time limits?

I've looked at a number of other threads but most of them talk about how to restrict the time of day an account can log in... What I'm looking for is a simple way to restrict the total usage minutes during any 24-period, e.g. I want to allow "jsmith" to be logged in a total of 120 minutes per day. I don't necessarily care WHEN jsmith is logged in; I just want to cap his total time at 120 minutes during the 24 hour period 0000-2400.

I looked at the question, "How do I restrict my kids' computing time" but again that focuses on WHEN the account can actually log in, not how LONG the account is allowed to remain logged in.

The solution needs to "remember" previous logins even after the user has logged out; for example if jsmith logs in for an hour in the morning, then logs out, jsmith should not be allowed to remain logged in for more than an hour in the afternoon or evening, for a total of 2 hours usage per 24-hour period. What is the easiest way to accomplish this in Ubuntu 11.04?

If you open a terminal and type w, then you can see who are logged on and when they logged on. If they logged in more than an hour ago, then you suspend the account and log off the user. You would preferably use the notify-send command to notify the user before logging off.

I don't know any applications that does exactly this, but it should be easy to make one, I think.

In http://bugs.launchpad.net/timekpr/+bug/881098
has been instructed how to make timekpr to function in 11.10.
Works at least for me.


Black screen of death on ubuntu, need the chrome passwords anyway to get them back? I have a dell inspiron notebook with ubuntu on it, absolutly love it and use it as a work laptop. Everytime my harddrive fails i just grab an old 30gig xbox hdd. Well a few days ago i ended up with the black screen after boot logo, something to do with intel graphics drivers updatinf and crashing the boot kernal. I spent a good 5 hours going through all the walkthroughs and gave up. I have only one thing of value on that hdd, and thats my google chrome passwords.

Is there a way i can import those onto my fresh install? Or am i sol?

I had a similar problem with the black screen and a way i found to boot is change the option of boot in the grub for another kernel in advanced options (not recovery mode nor network)


How to list all my packages from command line which can show package name, license, source url, etc? How to get all the installed package list with there license, source url? Such as following only shows name of the package only.

$ dpkg --get-selections
acpi-support                    install
acpid                       install
adduser                     install
adium-theme-ubuntu              install
aisleriot                   install
alacarte                    install

For example in Fedora/CentOS (RED HAT LINUX BRANCH), you can see that:

$ yum info busybox
Loaded plugins: auto-update-debuginfo, langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name        : busybox
Arch        : i686
Epoch       : 1
Version     : 1.18.2
Release     : 5.fc15
Size        : 615 k
Repo        : updates
Summary     : Statically linked binary providing simplified versions of system commands
URL         : http://www.busybox.net
License     : GPLv2
Description : Busybox is a single binary which includes versions of a large number
            : of system commands, including a shell.  This package can be very
            : useful for recovering from certain types of system failures,
            : particularly those involving broken shared libraries.

Follow up:

/var/lib/apt/lists$ ls
extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_binary-amd64_Packages
extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_source_Sources
extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_Release
extras.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_Release.gpg
lock
partial
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_main_binary-amd64_Packages
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_main_source_Sources
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_multiverse_source_Sources
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_Release
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_Release.gpg
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_restricted_source_Sources
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-security_universe_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_multiverse_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_Release
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_Release.gpg
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_restricted_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_universe_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_main_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_main_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_multiverse_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_multiverse_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_Release
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_Release.gpg
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_restricted_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_restricted_source_Sources
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_universe_binary-amd64_Packages
us.archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty-updates_universe_source_Sources

dpkg-query is a utility which allows you to query the dpkg database. To print the name and homepage of all installed packages:

$ dpkg-query -f='${PackageSpec;-30}\t${Homepage}\n' -W "*"
a2ps
aalib1
abrowser
abrowser-branding
accountsservice                 http://cgit.freedesktop.org/accountsservice/
acl                             http://savannah.nongnu.org/projects/acl/
acpi-support
acpid                           http://www.tedfelix.com/linux/acpid-netlink.html
adbbs
adduser                         http://alioth.debian.org/projects/adduser/
...

Note that the homepage is not a required entry in the Debian package control file. I'd say only around 40% of the packages installed on my system have a homepage listed.

There is no simple way to (programatically) determine the license of a package. The Debian control file has no field for a license title. License details for a package foo should be given in the /usr/share/doc/<foo>/copyright file. However, there is no standard format for these files. Some of them are fairly simple and basically say this is released under the GPL v3, see /usr/share/common-licenses/GPL-3 for the full license text. Others have a custom license included in full. Complex packages can have different licenses for different pieces of it (e.g., one for the program and another for graphics). Often, the license of the Debian packaging information is also included.

In short: it is simple to manually get the license for a single package. If you need to do it automatically for all installed packages, it will take a large amount of effort.

The closest thing I can think of that is comparable to yum info would be apt-cache show. I don't know if ever will show the license, but it gives a bunch of details about a package. You can provide multiple package names to get details about more than one package at once.

For example:

matt@eden:~$ apt-cache show python
Package: python
Priority: important
Section: python
Installed-Size: 768
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Matthias Klose <doko@debian.org>
Architecture: all
Source: python-defaults
Version: 2.7.2-7ubuntu2
Replaces: python-dev (<< 2.6.5-2)
Provides: python-ctypes, python-email, python-importlib, python-profiler, python-wsgiref
Depends: python2.7 (>= 2.7.2-3~), python-minimal (= 2.7.2-7ubuntu2)
Suggests: python-doc (= 2.7.2-7ubuntu2), python-tk (= 2.7.2-7ubuntu2)
Conflicts: python-central (<< 0.5.5)
Breaks: python-bz2 (<< 1.1-8), python-csv (<< 1.0-4), python-email (<< 2.5.5-3), update-manager (<= 0.200.5-1)
Filename: pool/main/p/python-defaults/python_2.7.2-7ubuntu2_all.deb
Size: 165792
MD5sum: a4b881e98e39f213bc8bbcfac566dd21
SHA1: 8a85fd4e62d1bad26a03ceef4313a12521e8a1dc
SHA256: ba95771b54aa4a1211486651fea1ecbac9e2dbbb4f66435e8a4dd0cb3e86bf4b
Description-en: interactive high-level object-oriented language (default version)
 Python, the high-level, interactive object oriented language,
 includes an extensive class library with lots of goodies for
 network programming, system administration, sounds and graphics.
 .
 This package is a dependency package, which depends on Debian's default
 Python version (currently v2.7).
Homepage: http://www.python.org/
Description-md5: d1ea97f755d8153fe116080f2352859b
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Origin: Ubuntu
Supported: 18m
Task: minimal


No launcher after update to 3.5.0-27 New user to Ubuntu here:

Just installed the new updates for 3.5.0-27, after reboot, my screen changes to 1024x768 and I don't see any launcher at all.

Can't access any settings besides the command line (Ctrl+Alt+T).

I tried to purge uninstall and reinstall nvidia-current, but still no avail.

I've tried (unity --reset-icons) brings up nothing but error messages related to GLX.

Maybe this bug affecting nvidia users:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/1166765

temp fix is open a terminal    and execute the following:

$ gsettings reset org.compiz.core:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/core/ active-plugins
$ shutdown -r now

if this fixes it ... maybe not permanent yet so keep this note handy.

+1 ... one of two monitors is dark and no unity launcher on the survivor.
       go back to 3.5.0-26 and everything is fine.

from Xorg log near the time of one of the failures ...

  [    18.624] (II) LoadModule: "nvidia"
  [    18.624] (II) Loading /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/xorg/extra-modules/nvidia_drv.so
  [    18.624] (II) Module nvidia: vendor="NVIDIA Corporation"
  [    18.624]    compiled for 4.0.2, module version = 1.0.0
  [    18.624]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
  [    18.624] (II) UnloadModule: "nvidia"
  [    18.624] (II) Unloading nvidia
  [    18.624] (II) Failed to load module "nvidia" (already loaded, 32538)
  [    18.624] (II) LoadModule: "nouveau"
  [    18.624] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/nouveau_drv.so
  [    18.624] (II) Module nouveau: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
  [    18.624]    compiled for 1.13.0, module version = 1.0.2
  [    18.624]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
  [    18.624]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 13.0
  [    18.624] (II) UnloadModule: "nouveau"
  [    18.624] (II) Unloading nouveau
  [    18.624] (II) Failed to load module "nouveau" (already loaded, 32538)
  [    18.624] (II) LoadModule: "nv"
  [    18.625] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module nv
  [    18.625] (II) UnloadModule: "nv"
  [    18.625] (II) Unloading nv
  [    18.625] (EE) Failed to load module "nv" (module does not exist, 0)

Perhaps more revealing, from syslog around the same time ...

  Apr 15 20:39:12 hod kernel: [112066.363439] NVRM: API mismatch: the client has the version 304.88, but
  Apr 15 20:39:12 hod kernel: [112066.363439] NVRM: this kernel module has the version 304.84.  Please
  Apr 15 20:39:12 hod kernel: [112066.363439] NVRM: make sure that this kernel module and all NVIDIA driver
  Apr 15 20:39:12 hod kernel: [112066.363439] NVRM: components have the same version.

google searches show this to be a common problem, but I saw no references to
the current situation.   Is it as simple as old driver tripped a histocompatibility
interlock, and backed-off?  An attempt to update nvidia-current says it is up-to-date.

So do I just stay on 3.5.0-26 and hope that the nvidia driver gets updated soon?
Is there a more proactive solution to this problem?
Am I on crack?


Access iTunes shares from Rhythmbox? Its a bit of a tease that I can see iTunes shares on the local network in Rhythmbox, but I'm unable to access them. Is there anything I can do to enable access to function?

Starting with iTunes 7 Apple started encrypting access to DAAP to stop this kind of feature. Unfortunately there's not much application developers can do.

Here's a bug report in Ubuntu with information.

Some players (such as Banshee) have an informational page explaining to the user why it can't connect. Filing a bug on rhythmbox to explain why it can't connect would probably be prudent so it doesn't just give you an inexplicable error.

Sync your files with Amazon Cloud Player.  Yes, you might need to buy some gigs of storage, but once you upload them they sync and they are effectively laundered.  I haven't use I tunes once I was freed by Linux, I won't ever use I-tunes again! Catch 22 I did it with windows, I don't know if Amazon's cloud player has an app for Ubuntu!


Cinnamon icons don't appear I installed cinnamon on ubuntu 12.04 and the menu icons do not appear, as well aprox. half of all icons do not appear.

Try:

sudo apt-get install gnome-icon-theme-full

open a ternimal window and enter:

gsettings set org.nemo.desktop show-desktop-icons true


How to take screenshot of indicator menus? If I hover over to the setting menu or any of the indicator menus, Prnt Scrnbutton won't work.

If I want to take the snapshot of these menus, how do I do that?

Try the Screenshot application included with 12.04

Open the Dash and type screenshot

With this application you can set a delay, by adjusting the value in the "Grab after a delay of" box, before it will automatically take a screenshot allowing you to open the menu you want a picture of.

Install the application Sutter, then select the area you want to take the screenshot of and apply the delay in which you will be able to reach that indicator, like I did for my blog


Ubuntu 17.10 - Is It Possible To Add Application Or Application Shortcut To Desktop? guys! I have a little question here.
I'm currently running Ubuntu 17.10 (no LTS).

I'm curious since Ubuntu 16, is it possible to add Application or Shortcut or anything beside folders on the desktop?

Really appreciate for any answers you all guys!
Thanks for reading.

I read all solutions from possible duplicate - they demonstrate systematic illness of modern GNOME DE.

So the most user-friendly way is to install MATE DE (ubuntu-mate-desktop package) and create application launchers here on desktop:

with simple drag-and-drop from Applications menu to desktop

or

single right mouse click on desktop and selecting Create Launcher menu item from here:


How can I make Firefox open magnet-links in Transmission? I can't find out how to make Firefox open magnet-links in Transmission.

There is no option to make it the standard program for magnet-links in its properties, and as I am not experienced with the filesystem so I can't add it as the standard program in Firefox either.

Open up Firefox and its preferences window.  Go to the "Applications" tab and you should see "magnet" on the list.  Click on "Always ask" and if Transmission does not appear as an option then click on  "Use other" and navigate to /usr/bin on your file system.  Look for "transmission" or "transmission-gtk" and click that.

Update: Firefox has changed so the above no longer works.  Instead, when you click on a magnet link, a "Launch Application" window will appear, from which you can choose to always associate an application (make sure to check the checkbox at the bottom to always use the chosen app).  To find the torrent app, choose "file system" on the left side, and then navigate to /usr/bin as described above.

For a solution that worked for me:

https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/965921

"Click on the help menu and select "Restart with Add-ons Disabled" and then select the reset option in the dialog box."

Follow the on-screen prompts. Then restart Firefox.

When you click on a magnet link the usual "Choose a program" type of dialog box appears. Browse for /usr/bin/transmission-gtk

Works in Ubuntu 13.04


How can I disable i915 Intel integrated graphics permanently? I have a nVidia GTX660 running the latest drivers via the Ubuntu additional hardware tab. As such, I noticed I have been having weird issues when playing graphic intensive games and I found that people with my setup have an issue with the integrated graphics and they said they noticed better performance after 'blacklisting' them.

My question: How can I blacklist the i915 Intel integrated graphics driver? And would this cause any problems?

Thank you.

Logout your session, open a tty.

Stop the graphic session service. On Ubuntu is lightdm, Gnome is gdm, Mint is mdn. No need to type what’s after the # it's just a comment.

sudo service stop lightdm  #Change service accordingly
sudo apt-get purge nvidia* bumblebee primus #Delete all nvidia installed libs
sudo apt-get autoremove    #Delete unneeded packages
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-346 nvidia-settings ppa-purge #Install new nvidia driver

Reboot your machine, if everything is ok login open 'NVIDIA Settings' a choose which GPU you prefer. Unfortunately bumblebee isn't working with this driver version or I'm still to find a way to make it work. In your case it's what you've asked only one GPU will be activated.

If no graphic session is started you'll have to remove the driver.

sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get remove nvidia-346

Reboot again, nouveau will take over, reinstall previous drivers.


I have installed ubuntu latest version i.e. 16.04 LTS, but wifi is not working I have already tried installing rtlwifi-new-dkms and dkms-2.2.0.3 2ubuntu11.all.deb and also tried to disable security in boot option.
My laptop is HP and I don't have ethernet cable and no internet.

Issue Resolved.

Disable Secure Boot from BIOS/UEFI.
Then while installing Ubuntu make sure that you check install essential drivers checkbox, while doing so Wifi must be enabled and connected.
Install Ubuntu, once completed restart the system.
Wifi will work as usual.

I faced the same issue a few days ago. Here is what to do:

Connect to the Internet via an Ethernet Cable(no workaround around this, I'm afraid). Use a friends Connection if needed.
Disable Secure Boot from BIOS/UEFI.
Install the bcmwl-kernel-source package via sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source


Server kernel upgrade What are the implications of a database server that hasn't been restarted for a while. The last restart was in July, and am I being over cautious that something will break when I restart it? We do not have a failover db.

I see that under /usr/src, the latest kernel downloaded was 3.2.0-99-generic

When I do a uname -a, the kernel displayed is 3.2.0-51-generic. Will it automatically update when I restart it?

A server that does not start on reboot has serious problems =)

Kernel updates require a reboot, and from what you described, it sounds as if a new kernel has been installed and by default Ubuntu will boot the most recent kernel when you reboot.

You can check this by looking at the kernels listed in /boot and/or at the grub menu (/boot/grub/grub.cfg)

There is no reason to suspect rebooting into a new kernel will cause problems, but if it does post back.

Why would it update automatically? Did you install something or have startup scripts that force an update? Otherwise, no it won't. Also, just create a backup. There are live CD/USB's that can help you out without the need to even start the server. Clonezilla for example.

http://clonezilla.org/

Good luck!


Installing winasio on Ubuntu 16.04 I have installed Wine on Kubuntu 16.04 (64-bit), but I am not able to install winasio, neither via playonlinux nor by compiling it. make returns the following message:

make: *** No rule to make target "asio.h" necessary for "all". Stop.

I have installed wine-development (apt install wine-development), but it did not help. What am I missing?

first you need to install apt install g++-multilib to create 32bit programs.
Also you need the wine development packe:

apt install wine-dev
apt install libjack-dev

Download the ASIO SDK from http://www.steinberg.net/de/company/developer.html
and you need to download and install libjack-jackd2-0_1.9.8~dfsg.1-1ubuntu1_i386.deb
Make sure that sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjack.so.0.1.0 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libjack.so is done.
from http://packages.ubuntu.com/de/precise/i386/libjack-jackd2-0/download
Edit the Makefile and add pth to ASIOSDK whereever asio.h resists:

INCLUDE_PATH --> -I ../ASIOSDK2.3/common/

And remove "asio.h" from Makefile in line "all:"

without compiling you need to follow the steps here:
https://lkubuntu.wordpress.com/2014/01/09/how-to-set-up-wineasio/

to use apt:

apt search wineasio
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
wineasio/stable 0.9.0+git20110613-2kxstudio1 amd64
  Wine ASIO driver for JACK

wineasio-amd64/stable,now 0.9.0+git20110613-2kxstudio3 amd64 [installed]
  Wine ASIO driver for JACK (64bit)

wineasio-i386/stable,now 0.9.0+git20110613-2kxstudio3 i386 [installed]
  Wine ASIO driver for JACK (32bit)

And then you can use "apt" to install the required winasio package.

Here is my 64-bit solution

Install pre-requirements

sudo apt install apt-transport-https software-properties-common wget libglibmm-2.4-1v5

Install kxstudio (library pack for jackd, wineasio and other useful stuff)

wget https://launchpad.net/~kxstudio-debian/+archive/kxstudio/+files/kxstudio-repos_9.4.6~kxstudio1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i kxstudio-repos_9.4.6~kxstudio1_all.deb
wget https://launchpad.net/~kxstudio-debian/+archive/kxstudio/+files/kxstudio-repos-gcc5_9.4.6~kxstudio1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i kxstudio-repos-gcc5_9.4.6~kxstudio1_all.deb
sudo apt update
sudo apt install wineasio cadence

Add user to "audio group".

sudo addgroup `whoami` audio
sudo reboot

Register wineasio

wine64 regsvr32 wineasio.dll

A bit of configuration

cadence

Go to System -> Configure -> Driver -> ALSA -> Device/Interface (pick your audio device)
Run jack i.e. System -> Start

Now you can run you wine application and WineASIO drivers should be available as audio device (works in REAPER for e.g.)


How to allow a "standard user" (no sudo) make IP config changes without requiring admin password Anyone know if it is possible to have a "Standard User" account make IP changes (via GUI or terminal) without requiring the admin (sudo) password?

I want the user to be able to change interface from and to DHCP + set a static config (IP,mask, DG, DNS).

Thanks!

You would have to be careful with this (especially if you specify the "NOPASSWD:" option.

access the sudoers file:

sudo visudo

Add the following line to the sudoer file:

user ALL = (root) {path/to/command}

I believe you could use this to specify a user (or users) that could run a specific command.

Source - http://www.unix.com/unix-dummies-questions-answers/127273-allow-user-use-specific-root-command.html

Full Disclosure - I have used this before (for other purposes). But I haven't tried to specify multiple users, or commands dealing with making changes to network interfaces.

Hope this helps

In Windows OS, we can give the privilege to a standard user for making TCP/IP configuration changes, such as, changing IP configuration from DHCP to Manual, also changing IP, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway, DNS severs, etc. The user has to be added in "Network Configuration Operators" groups.

The user can also disable/enable/repair Network Connections.

Start>Run>CMD>COMPMGMT.MSC
System Tools>Local Users and Groups>Groups
Double click "Network Configuration Operators" and click on "Add".
Specify the user who needs IP configuration change rights.


Help with USB wireless network I've problem with my USB Network Reciever Belkin. I can't get it to work. I've cd with drivers, are they only for Windows? If I start Ubuntu and try to click install.exe doesn't work. I'm getting message like:

Archive: /media/F7D4101v1/setup.exe  Zip file size: 4911104 bytes, number of entries: 29824
     [/media/F7D4101v1/setup.exe]:
      Zipfile is disk 34294 of a multi-disk archive, and this is not the disk on
      which the central zipfile directory begins (disk 3569).

I'm new to linux, looks nice and all, but I can't to connect to my wireless network which make it usless. Btw, everything works fine on Windows.

You can probably use the ndiswrapper to install the drivers. I recently had the same problem with a netgear wireless usb.

Also, .exe files are for windows so thats not gonna work out with linux, that's what the ndiswrapper is for.

I'm actually in the middle of repairing my Ubuntu partition at the moment so I don't have access to exact steps to take, but to get ya started, google ndiswrapper and download the tar. Then download the drivers for your card (if you can).

I'll add some more steps needed to get set up as soon as I can.

Unless you use a VM or software like Wine, .exe files are for Windows only.

The Drivers CD is for Windows.  If you want to get your network receiver to work, you will have to install the Drivers for Linux Specifically.

The first way is to install the drivers through Additional Drivers.

Plug In your Network Receiver.
Search for "jocky" in the dash and choose "Additional Drivers".
Find your Network Receiver from there and click "Activate".

If your Network Receiver is not listed, go to the ndswrapper wiki to find your model and Install the Drivers.

EDIT: Read this to install ndswrapper.  Posted essential contents here.

  First, download the ndiswrapper1.5.tar.gz file from here to your $HOME directory.
  Get yourself in a root shell by running  sudo -s followed by your user's password.
  Now before we attempt to build the source, let's make sure we have the required tools to make it work. The following command should get
  us everything we need.

  apt-get install debhelper build-essential fakeroot linux-headers-$(uname -r)
  Untar the ndiswrapper1.5.tar.gz file to your /usr/src directory. NOTE: the location where you untar the source doesn't
  really matter, but the rest of these instructions will assume
  /usr/src.

  cd /usr/src

  tar xvzf ~/ndiswrapper1.5.tar.gz
  By default, the rules file that is responsible for specifying Debian packaging parameters specifies an install directory different
  from where Ubuntu keeps the same module. I adjusted my rules file to
  install in the proper place like so

  cd /usr/src/ndiswrapper1.5

  sed -e "s/misc/kernel\/drivers\/net\/ndiswrapper/g" debian/rules > debian/temp

  mv debian/temp debian/rules
  Enter the source directory and issue the make deb command.

  cd /usr/src/ndiswrapper1.5

  make deb
  In your /usr/src directory, if all went well, you should find two brand new .deb package files starting with "ndiswrapper". Let's
  install them.

Source: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SetupNdiswrapperHowto


Ubuntu 14.04 disconnects from the network via wifi Created a network on my desktop computer in windows 7 in mode "Ad-hoc" and tried to connect to it with laptop in ubuntu 14.04. Every time I tried to connect, identification status continues for some time and than ubuntu breaks off the connection. I had the message after disconnection from avahi-daemon about .local domain but when I managed with it nothing changed (but the message doesn't appear any more).
PS. The network in "Infrastructure" mode works just fine.

Happened to me once, fixed it by switching the "Ad-Hoc" mode into "Infrastructure" mode. Try that. :)

Edit: "Ad-Hoc" mode only works for the personal user account that created the network in first place. Upon switching to ubuntu, it becomes read as a different user, even if it's actually the same computer. So word of advice, keep it on infrastructure.


Install the latest version of node.js I'm trying to install Quasar framework in using sudo npm install -g quasar-cli. I realised that I need the latest version of node.js. I want to install the latest recommend version of node.js, but I'm not familiar with that kind of installation. Could anyone be able to tell me what do I have to do to install that software?

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_7.x | sudo -E bash -
sudo apt-get install -y nodejs

You may also want to install the build tools:

sudo apt-get install -y build-essential

According to the nodejs website


Installed easy-rsa package, but I cannot find the directory I'm trying to set up OpenVPN, but I cannot generate certs due to not finding the easy-rsa directory.

The directory should be located here:

/usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/

However, when I list the directories from .../openvpn/examples, I get this:

I can't proceed without this directory. Please help.

You should install OpenVPN along with easy-rsa

sudo apt-get install openvpn easy-rsa

and copy over the Easy-RSA generation scripts

sudo cp -r /usr/share/easy-rsa /etc/openvpn

After sudo apt install openvpn easy-rsa, do make-cadir /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/.

This will create the directory /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/.


Had to upgrade Postgres on Ubuntu; now, how to access old, missing databases? My local connection on my Ubuntu server (14.04) wasn't working to my Postgres (9.3) database, so I tried upgrading it to 9.4 to solve the connection issues. Luckily I can now connect to the database, but... My old databases (and tables, views, etc.) are now missing...

Is it possible to recover these? How would I go about doing that?

Unless you've removed the old 9.3 cluster there should be 2 clusters running:

$ service postgresql status
9.3/main (port 5432): online
9.4/main (port 5433): online

(or use pg_lsclusters to display existing PostgreSQL clusters).

PostgresSQL commands accepts -p argument to distinguish which DB cluster you're using (it accepts also Unix socket path). You can export old data using (assuming that the old DB runs on port 5432):

su - postgres
pg_dump -p 5432 my_db -f my_db.dump
# import data into new DB cluster
pg_restore -p 5433 -d my_db my_db.dump

Unless you have a backup dump lying around, the safest way to do this is to:

uninstall Postgres 9.4,
install 9.3,
backup the database using pg_dumpall > backup.sql,
uninstall Postgres 9.3,
install Postgres 9.4,
restore the databases using psql -d postgres -f backup.sql.

The 9.3 databases are in a different format than what 9.4 expects and there is no easy way to convert them using 9.4 tools only.