How do you install a USB CD Rom drive? I recently purchased a USB CD ROM drive, but I don't know how to get it to work with my computer which runs Ubuntu 10.04.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00303H908/ref=oss_product

When I issue the lsusb command, it shows up as:

Bus 002 Device 016: ID 05e3:0701 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB 2.0 IDE Adapter

The computer doesn't recognize it automatically. How can I get this drive to show up as an actual drive on my computer? If this particular drive can't handle Linux, can you recommended one which can and provide a link to it so I can purchase it? Thanks!

Update: I was asked by Scaine to run a command and report back with the output:

joe@joe-laptop:~$ tail -f /var/log/kern.log
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.551437] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] Add. Sense: Illegal mode for this track
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.551446] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.551463] end_request: I/O error, dev sr1, sector 0
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877542] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877551] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877559] Info fld=0x0, ILI
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877562] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] Add. Sense: Illegal mode for this track
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877572] sr 7:0:0:0: [sr1] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
Dec 29 12:51:35 joe-laptop kernel: [103190.877588] end_request: I/O error, dev sr1, sector 0
Dec 29 13:08:46 joe-laptop kernel: [104221.558911] usb 2-2.2: USB disconnect, address 16

Then when I plugged the drive back into the computer, I got:

Dec 29 13:10:29 joe-laptop kernel: [104324.668320] usb 2-2.2: new high speed USB device using ehci_hcd and address 17
Dec 29 13:10:29 joe-laptop kernel: [104324.761702] usb 2-2.2: configuration #1 chosen from 1 choice
Dec 29 13:10:29 joe-laptop kernel: [104324.762700] scsi8 : SCSI emulation for USB Mass Storage devices
Dec 29 13:10:29 joe-laptop kernel: [104324.762935] usb-storage: device found at 17
Dec 29 13:10:29 joe-laptop kernel: [104324.762938] usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104329.760521] usb-storage: device scan complete
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104329.761344] scsi 8:0:0:0: CD-ROM            TEAC     CD-224E          1.7A PQ: 0 ANSI: 0 CCS
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104329.767425] sr1: scsi3-mmc drive: 24x/24x cd/rw xa/form2 cdda tray
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104329.767612] sr 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi CD-ROM sr1
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104329.767720] sr 8:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg2 type 5
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141060] sr 8:0:0:0: [sr1] Result: hostbyte=DID_OK driverbyte=DRIVER_SENSE
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141069] sr 8:0:0:0: [sr1] Sense Key : Illegal Request [current]
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141077] Info fld=0x0, ILI
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141081] sr 8:0:0:0: [sr1] Add. Sense: Illegal mode for this track
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141090] sr 8:0:0:0: [sr1] CDB: Read(10): 28 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 02 00
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141106] end_request: I/O error, dev sr1, sector 0
Dec 29 13:10:34 joe-laptop kernel: [104330.141113] __ratelimit: 18 callbacks suppressed

There was more output than this (the number of lines started growing after the drive was plugged back in, and kept growing), but this is the first few lines.

looks like you're suffering from this bug:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/udev/+bug/646293

This problem is reportedly fixed in Natty, but there have been no suggestions about how to fix it properly for Maverick. I'll update this answer when I know more.

If it doesn't work as you plug it in, it's likely that its not supported.
http://www.amazon.com/External-Slim-CD-ROM-Drive-Black/dp/B000YQSKPM?tag=dudugo-20 This one apparently works on Ubuntu.


Problem using GSM modem on Ubuntu 16.04 I justed upgraded to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. Everything looks fine except the modem.

First, the modem connects but the icon doesn't change. It still shows 'disconnected icon'. Old computer shows right icon after connecting.

2nd, the connection shows 'EDGE' in bracket. On old computer connection shows 'HSPA'. This means browsing on the upgraded ubuntu in nearly impossible.

Lastly, on old computer when I unplug the modem I get the message "Network - disconnected you are now offline". On new version of ubuntu no message appears.

Not sure whether this is a problem with new hardware or with ubuntu. But it's definitely not a problem with the modem since same modem works perfectly on old computer.

Any idea?

Thanks.

I never got to resolve this but took some time to test the modem on different distributions.

The modem doesn't work on following:

Ubuntu 16.04
Fedora 23
openSUSE 13.2
Ubuntu 14.04

Modem works on:

Kubuntu 16.04
Ubuntu 15.04
Ubuntu 11.04

I decided to switch from  Ubuntu 16.04 to Kubuntu 16.04. Now the modem works perfectly,

First, the modem connects but the icon doesn't change. It still shows 'disconnected icon'. Old computer shows right icon after connecting.

Its the new way - the two up/down arrows don't change immediately, but they should change once you start data transfer. In any case, its an experimental feature they are experimenting with, perhaps to emulate the network icons in the smart-phone world. This and your third issue might be fixed by 16.04.01, but it doesn't hamper your work in any way.

  2nd, the connection shows 'EDGE' in bracket. On old computer connection shows 'HSPA'. This means browsing on the upgraded ubuntu in nearly impossible.

Your more pressing issue is this - internet speed. This has happened because earlier, Ubuntu used to give you an option in the network-manager's edit connection applet to select a network type such as any, 3G Only, GPRS/EDGE, etc. but it no longer gives since 16.04. By default its the any mode, so you might be getting a slow speed. But you can force it to 3G Only by using a simple configuration change:

Just edit /etc/NetworkManager/system-connections/your_3g_connection file and change network-type to 0 in the [gsm] section, so you can force it to 3G only.

Source:
https://askubuntu.com/a/370465/49938


Can I have back right/middle-click maximise for horizontal/vertical maximise? This was a lovely feature of previous window managers. Sure now I can drag a window to the left or right and it will occupy the full vertical height and half the horizontal width, but what about sideways maximisation, or vertical max. without it having to be half the screen?

Is there any way to restore this functionality?

I'm using Gnome Shell.

Nope, but you can:

double-click title bar to maximise horizontally
middle-click title bar to maximise vertically

Can't be totally sure this isn't something fiddly/hacky I've done in the past, but it works for me!

EDIT: Yes, it was something fiddly: install "Advanced Settings" and then in the Windows bit you can select from a few options of what happens when you click in various ways on the title bars.

Yes you can.

Just go to Settings, Keyboard, Shortcuts, Windows and change "Maximize window vertically".

I use Ctrl+↑


unable to boot, gets to initramfs and can't go further I run a Virtual Machine Ubuntu 16.04 on VMWARE and I believe that the File System is corrupt since when I boot the machine it gets to a initramfs (see 2).

The entire disk is encrypted, so when the OS boots, I get the usual passphrase prompt, and this part works fine (see 1). I also have the home folder encrypted.

So since I can unlock the partition I tried to boot on a Live USB, unlocked the partition  (see 3), accessed the home folder to copy the files I need, but got stuck at the user folder. It told me this (see 4):

  You do not have the permissions necessary to view the contents of "Linux".

So I'm looking for solutions to either access my home folder or fix the file system to be able to access the OS again. I have added screenshots:

Type the exit command and find out which drive is your / root drive. Then run following commands:

fsck -y /dev/sda1            # (in your case sda1 will be something else)
reboot


How to remove symbolic link I was trying to create this symbolic link:

sudo ln -s /usr/share/phpmyadmin /var/www/phpmyadmin

but I accidentally typed:

sudo ln -s /usr/share/php,yad,in /var/www/phpmyadmin

So now I want to correct it but it says symbolic link already exist.

You can use rm to delete the symlink.

Example:

-rw-rw-r-- 1 2014-01-02 09:21 tmo
lrwxrwxrwx 1 2014-01-02 09:21 tmo2 -> tmo

Then ...

 rm tmo2

will remove the symlink.

I stumbled here because I had to remove a dpkg-divert and the new package won't install until it was removed.
So if you have done something like this:
sudo dpkg-divert --add --rename --divert /usr/bin/gcc.real /usr/bin/gcc

You need to remove it with something like this:
sudo dpkg-divert --remove /usr/bin/gcc.real


Not using network-manager and modem-manager What is the best way to prevent network-manager (and modem-manager for that matter) from starting?

Just found out that removing /etc/init/network-manager.conf does the trick.


How to find all files with the same extension within a directory I want to search for all .conf files in /etc/.
I tried grep -r *.conf /etc, but the result isn't right.
What am I doing wrong?

Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below:

find . -type f -name "*.txt"

This will list all files with the extension .txt.

The . at the start denotes the current directory. find searches recursively in all the directories below the given path. If you want the search to start somewhere other than the current working directory, specify the path, for example:

find /etc -type f -name "*.conf"

This searches the /etc directory and all its subdirectories for regular files with the .conf extension.

Will return all files and folders ending in .conf:
ls -lR /etc | grep ".conf$"
To find only files:
find /etc -type f -name '*.conf'


Ubuntu 14.04 installer for dual-booting with win10 doesn't recognize any partition Im facing the following issue on a new desktop machine:

I installed Win 10 Insider Preview
made a fat32 Partition on a USB stick, extracted x64 ubuntu iso to it and set boot flag
one ssd where win10 and ubuntu should be installed on (of course separate partitions)

Starting this USB stick in uefi works fine, but on Installation there is no option to install Ubuntu next to Windows. Even when I choose "something else" on Installation the whole ssd is displayed as "unallocated" although there is a windows partition which takes roughly half of the size of the ssd. The rest of the ssd is of course unallocated - so I started Disk Management on Win10 and made a NTFS Partition to make it visible for the installer.

But still Ubuntu does not even recognise one of the partitions. This is what it looks like on Ubuntu Live Session with Gparted (250GB SSD):
and this is how it looks on Win10 disk Management (sorry can't post images directly here because of missing reputation)

C is my Windows system Partition and D is the new NTFs Partition I created of unallocated space with disk Management tool.

How can I access a Partition to install Ubuntu on without formatting the whole SSD? Any help is appreciated thanks in advance!

I used Ubuntu 15.10 on DVD. In the install there is an option to "erase ubuntu and reinstall". I used that. Also in Win10, you must go into the bios(I use ESC) and select "BIOS setup"(F10). Then select "System Configuration" and go down to "boot options". Enable "Legacy Support". There are two boot orders, move the device reader you are using to the top of both lists. Exit and Save.
Now install Ubuntu. Even then to boot to Ubuntu I must press ESC after the power button, then press F9 and select "Notebook Hard drive.." for Ubuntu to boot. If you do a restart in Ubuntu it will boot up in win10. If you find how to fix this let me know. Hope this helps.


How do I find out if a configuration setting is running? I use a High-DPI monitor on my Lenovo Yoga2 Laptop (like a retina display) so I have to change the overall font-scaling.

There are many ways to set the text-scale-factor, for example dconf-editor, I used unity-tweak-util, but in the end they seem to set the values in the global configuration:

$ gsettings list-recursively|grep text-scal

org.gnome.desktop.interface text-scaling-factor 2.0
com.canonical.Unity.Interface text-scale-factor 2.0

This solves it (for most programs) and everything is in a readeable size.

Now the Problem:

When I boot my PC this setting seems to take effect later than the desktop is booted, cause when I instantly open nautilus when the desktop is up, I still have it all in a tiny font. If I wait some 10 seconds more and start nautilus then, I have it scaled the right way.

I checked right after boot-time, I opened a console and watched the output of gsettings list-recursively|grep text-scal - the setting is already on 2.0, but everything is still tiny.

How can I achieve one of these solutions?

change this behaviour and get the font scaled right from the start?
make the desktop wait for the setting to be active?
generate a warning that the scaling is not set yet?

It is not a solution to 3. but a workaround, and faster than opening nautilus again and again:

I now open a console and look at its font-scaling. In the beginning it is still with a tiny font, I now wait until the console switches to the bigger scaled font.

In fact, I added the dropdown console tilda to my autostart programs so I automatically have a console at start and just wait some seconds until the font-size is loaded


How to install geckodriver in Ubuntu? I use Selenium in Python, I tried to run the webdriver function:

default_browser = webdriver.Firefox()

This Exception:

WebDriverException: Message: 'geckodriver' executable needs to be in PATH.

geckodriver in this site: https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver

But how to install in Ubuntu 16.04 and can I fix this?

Here are the steps:

Go to the geckodriver releases page. Find the latest version of the driver for your platform and download it. For example:

wget https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.24.0/geckodriver-v0.24.0-linux64.tar.gz

Extract the file with:

tar -xvzf geckodriver*

Make it executable:

chmod +x geckodriver

Add the driver to your PATH so other tools can find it:

export PATH=$PATH:/path-to-extracted-file/.

There are many ways to do this that will work. The above works for me on Ubuntu 16.10 64-bit.

Webdriver installation (silent mode) that can be used in sysadmin scripts (bash/ansible).

## Geckodriver
wget https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases/download/v0.23.0/geckodriver-v0.23.0-linux64.tar.gz
sudo sh -c 'tar -x geckodriver -zf geckodriver-v0.23.0-linux64.tar.gz -O > /usr/bin/geckodriver'
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/geckodriver
rm geckodriver-v0.23.0-linux64.tar.gz

## Chromedriver
wget https://chromedriver.storage.googleapis.com/2.29/chromedriver_linux64.zip
unzip chromedriver_linux64.zip
sudo chmod +x chromedriver
sudo mv chromedriver /usr/bin/
rm chromedriver_linux64.zip


Wine problem: No such file or directory When I try to launch wine it returns following message:

/usr/cyrex/.wine:
 No such file or directory

My account name is not even cyrex, and I tried to change WINEPREFIX, but it only works temporarary, till I close terminal. Then everything restarts

It will be better if you install the latest version of wine using these commands

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y wine1.7

I don't think there should be any error if you try to open wine now.Check it out though.


apt document containing list of installable packages Is there online a textual (simple text, HTML, pdf...), updated document where it is listed all the software I can install using apt-get install?

The Ubuntu Package Index lists available packages in the official repositories, their versions, the repositories they belong to, and other such details. There are links for browsing through available packages. The list of all packages is also available for each currently supported release (for example, the list for 14.04: http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/allpackages - beware, it's very long).

The command we need to use is dpkg --get-selections, which will give us a list of all the currently installed packages.

$ dpkg --get-selections
adduser                                         install
alsa-base                                       install
alsa-utils                                      install
apache2                                         install
apache2-mpm-prefork                             install
apache2-utils                                   install
apache2.2-common                                install
apt                                             install
apt-utils                                       install


How to setup SSH VPN in Network Manager? I am using 12.10 and I want to setup SSH VPN via GUI in Network Manager,
But it has only pptp and no other types to select. How can I fix it? any packages I need to install?

Full SSH VPN support for NetworkManager:

https://github.com/danfruehauf/NetworkManager-ssh

Should compile and package itself quite easily. If anyone wants to maintain it for ubuntu it'd be really sweet.

You are probably looking for a CISCO compatible solution. When you

apt-cache search cisco vpn

you should see openconnect and the network-manager-openconnect which worked for me as clients. The command line tool is vpnc which also works but that's a question of taste I guess. Try

sudo apt-get install openconnect network-manager-openconnect

and go back to the drop down menu.


How to remove GPT from HDD? I have a Asus K55VM-Sx027V laptop and I formated it with Ubuntu because whenever I tried to install Windows 7 64bit, it wouldn't let me because my HDD had GPT protection.

Now that I have Ubuntu 12.10, how do I remove GPT protection from my laptop?

Use gdisk instead of fdisk. It isn't installed by default, so get it with:

sudo apt-get install gdisk

Then umount the drive and call gdisk for the device:

sudo gdisk /dev/sdX

It will prompt you to select the partition:

Found valid MBR and GPT. Which do you want to use?
 1 - MBR
 2 - GPT
 3 - Create blank GPT

Select the GPT one. In my case, 2. Use the ? command to print the command list. Enter x for expert options, then z to zap the GPT table and all the data on the disc:

Command (? for help): x

Expert command (? for help): z
About to wipe out GPT on /dev/sdx. Proceed? (Y/N): y
GPT data structures destroyed! You may now partition the disk using fdisk or
other utilities.
Blank out MBR? (Y/N): y

Boot with a Ubuntu OS
@partition wizard window
delete all partitions and click on total free space
and click create new partition table.


Dual monitors not working after upgrade I upgraded to ubuntu 17.10 yesterday, and now my dual monitor setup is not working. The screen is detected, and I can move my cursor over to the second screen, but it is completely black save for the cursor.

The computer is a Dell Optiplex 9020

EDIT: I tried to deactivate and then reactivate the secondary monitor. I'm not stuck in "Single Display" mode. Attempting to change to "Join Displays" causes me to get logged out, and when I attempt to log back in, I'm back in "Single Display"

Open the Activities overview and start typing Displays.

Click on Displays to open the panel.

Click on the monitor that you would like to activate or deactivate, then in the list of monitor configuration select Turn Off to deactivate the monitor, or one of Primary, Secondary, or Mirror to activate it.
To rotate the orientation of the monitor, use the buttons with the arrows until the preview is correct.

When you are happy with your settings, click Apply and then click Keep Changes.


Wired Connection problem on Ubuntu 14.10 I have installed Ubuntu 14.10, because, as usually, I wanted to see the next Ubuntu version anxiously and without any respect to the LTS version I had prior to the upgrade. Nevertheless, everything was OK until few days ago, when the wired connection suddenly decided to stop working. I was now worried and waited for the daily updates, which were supposed to fix this problem. Alas, after a number of updates, I still can't establish wired connection. The arrows are shown in the network indicator, Ubuntu says it has wired connection, but no internet, no network. ON the other hand, WIFI is working just fine. Could somebody, please, help me?
Remarks: The IT guy entered the fixed IP address and everything, tried with the automatic option, nothing happened. And it worked just fin few days ago, before one of the updates. I don't understand.

It looks like this bug on Launchpad: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/network-manager/+bug/1354924

I've had the same problem within virtual! Ubuntu client too. Sometime ubuntu fix the connection suddenly or it works fine if i change the network connection from virtual network connettion options. I dont know It could be a bug for the latest version of Ubuntu.

Ubuntu says it has wired connection, but no internet, no network!
Can you ping to www.google.com from terminal?

You can check the network interfaces from terminal /etc/network/interfaces. If there is a DHCP on the network that you dont need the change anything there.


How can I get flash working on Kubuntu 11.04 64bit? Flash is not working on Kubuntu 11.04, 64bit on any browser.  Even after a purge and reinstall, any flash application gives either says the plugin is missing or not up to date (depends on browser).

This problem is just with Kubuntu, not with Ubuntu.  How can I get flash working again?

After installing the package flashplugin-installer, the command
find / -name "libflashplayer.so" doesn't find anything.

Update

December 29, 2011
Manual install is no longer necessary.  The package adobe-flashplugin works as intended.  If you used the script I originally provided, you'll have to do some clean up to get things working correctly again.  See the now edited post for a script to do the clean up.  Note that I had to completely remove and reinstall chrome to convince flash to work in chrome again.

Update

June 22,2011
I fixed it by manually installing flash.
I posted my script and made it a community wiki so it can be improved upon.

Updated December 29, 2011

It is no longer necessary to manually install flash.  The package adobe-flashplugin will install the latest version of flash (currently 11).  The original script is kept below for historical purposes.

If you used the original script to manually install flash, you'll need to do a bit of cleanup before things will work right. I've provided an additional script immediately below which will both perform the clean up and install flash.

# Clean Up #
sudo killall -9 firefox
sudo kiallall -9 chrome
# Note that it might be desirable to remove nspluginwrapper, but I have not included
# it because acroread requires it.
sudo apt-get remove -y --purge gnash gnash-common mozilla-plugin-gnash swfdec-mozilla libflashsupport adobe-flashplugin flashplugin-installer flashplugin-nonfree
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f ~/.mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -rfd /usr/lib/nspluginwrapper
sudo rm -rf /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual
sudo rm -f /opt/google/chrome/plugins/libflashplayer.so
# Install #
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y adobe-flashplugin

Note that I still had to purge chrome (sudo apt-get remove -y --purge google-chrome-stable) and redownload and install to get flash working properly in chrome.  Firefox worked no problem.

Original

Adapting the script given by @anne and combining it with these instructions, I have the set of steps I followed below.

# Preparation #
sudo killall -9 firefox
sudo apt-get remove -y --purge flashplugin-nonfree gnash gnash-common mozilla-plugin-gnash swfdec-mozilla libflashsupport nspluginwrapper
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f ~/.mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -rfd /usr/lib/nspluginwrapper

# Download and Extract Flash #
cd ~
wget http://download.macromedia.com/pub/labs/flashplayer10/flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz
tar xzvf flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz

# Install #
sudo mkdir /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual
sudo mv libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual/
# Firefox
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
# Note that I didn't need to do the next two commands, but I left them in anyway.
# Firefox is not my main browser, so I'm not sure what the purpose of those two commands are
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual/libflashplayer.so  /usr/lib/xulrunner-addons/plugins/
# Chrome
sudo mkdir -p /opt/google/chrome/plugins
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/flashplugin-manual/libflashplayer.so /opt/google/chrome/plugins/libflashplayer.so

# Cleanup #
rm flashplayer10_2_p3_64bit_linux_111710.tar.gz

I usually do it like this.

http://labs.adobe.com/downloads/flashplayer10_square.html

download and extract

#cleanup
sudo killall -9 firefox
sudo apt-get remove -y --purge flashplugin-nonfree gnash gnash-common mozilla-plugin-gnash swfdec-mozilla libflashsupport nspluginwrapper
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f ~/.mozilla/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -f /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/*flash*
sudo rm -rfd /usr/lib/nspluginwrapper

#install

sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/firefox-addons/plugins/
sudo ln -sf /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so  /usr/lib/xulrunner-addons/plugins/


How can I install numpy on Python 3.1? I have Ubuntu 10.10 server on EC2. I installed Python 3.1, and now I want to install NumPy on it. How do I do it? I tried easy_install-3.1 numpy but got this error:

RefactoringTool: Refactored /tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/core/defchararray.py
RefactoringTool: Files that were modified:
RefactoringTool: /tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/compat/py3k.py
RefactoringTool: /tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/core/defchararray.py
Running from numpy source directory.Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/local/bin/easy_install-3.1", line 9, in <module>
    load_entry_point('distribute==0.6.14', 'console_scripts', 'easy_install-3.1')()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1855, in main
    with_ei_usage(lambda:
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1836, in with_ei_usage
    return f()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1859, in <lambda>
    distclass=DistributionWithoutHelpCommands, **kw
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/distutils/core.py", line 149, in setup
    dist.run_commands()
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/distutils/dist.py", line 919, in run_commands
    self.run_command(cmd)
  File "/usr/lib/python3.1/distutils/dist.py", line 938, in run_command
    cmd_obj.run()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 342, in run
    self.easy_install(spec, not self.no_deps)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 582, in easy_install
    return self.install_item(spec, dist.location, tmpdir, deps)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 612, in install_item
    dists = self.install_eggs(spec, download, tmpdir)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 802, in install_eggs
    return self.build_and_install(setup_script, setup_base)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1079, in build_and_install
    self.run_setup(setup_script, setup_base, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/command/easy_install.py", line 1068, in run_setup
    run_setup(setup_script, args)
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 30, in run_setup
    lambda: exec(compile(open(
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 71, in run
    return func()
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.1/dist-packages/distribute-0.6.14-py3.1.egg/setuptools/sandbox.py", line 33, in <lambda>
    {'__file__':setup_script, '__name__':'__main__'})
  File "setup.py", line 211, in <module>
  File "setup.py", line 204, in setup_package
  File "/tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 152, in setup
  File "setup.py", line 151, in configuration
  File "/tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 972, in add_subpackage
  File "/tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 941, in get_subpackage
  File "/tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 878, in _get_configuration_from_setup_py
  File "numpy/setup.py", line 5, in configuration
  File "/tmp/easy_install-MiUli2/numpy-1.5.1/build/py3k/numpy/distutils/misc_util.py", line 713, in __init__
ValueError: 'build/py3k/numpy' is not a directory

The code from this branch of numpy appears to include a fix.
Here's a snippet and the relevant comments :

643         # XXX Hack to get numpy installable with easy_install.
644         # The problem is easy_install runs it's own setup(), which
645         # sets up distutils.core._setup_distribution. However,
646         # when our setup() runs, that gets overwritten and lost.
647         # We can't use isinstance, as the DistributionWithoutHelpCommands
648         # class is local to a function in setuptools.command.easy_install
649         if dist is not None and \
650                 repr(dist).find('DistributionWithoutHelpCommands') != -1:
651             return None
652         return dist

However, if you don't want to do that, try python3.1 setup.py install inside the directory where you extracted numpy.  That avoids the easy_install issue described in the code comments.

Because NumPy is not availible for Python 3.x, like many other libraries

http://sourceforge.net/projects/numpy/files/NumPy/1.5.1/


Ubuntu VM does not detect external disk attached to host. I have install Ubuntu on VM using this guide - http://www.wikihow.com/Install-Ubuntu-on-VirtualBox

Install went O.K - and it's working
but when I connect an external hard disk - it's won't show me it.
I have try to connect it before I run the VM, and also after the system is up -
nothing
What can I do?
Am I missing anything? Didn't install correctly?

First make sure that you have Guest Additions are installed.  Then, make sure that USB is enabled, and that the USB device is connected to the VM.  See images below.

I think I have install  Guest Additions  , how can I be sure?
do I need to run something ? I have press "VBOXLinuxAdditions.run" . it open a window , and that it.
I don't an option to choose USB in the VM

I can't upload images so I can't show you screenshot


No sound as user, with sudo it runs - 20.04 LTS Today I switched my Ubuntu from 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS. After this change there were no sound any more.Then I started my investigation. I found several comments in Internet but no one solved this problem. I don't know what I have to do.
I opened a terminal and then there was a not understandable situation for me.
If I write
aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav

there is no sound.
And if I write
sudo aplay /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav
there is sound present.
Is somebody of you experienced in this matter to give me a good and helpful hint?
Is there something to be changed in group permissions?

Thank you for your advice. I had already added the audio group, everything was done with pulseaudio and timidity is also outside. In the meantime I've found a work around that has completely resolved my problem with the sound. And it goes like this:

Log in to the terminal as the super user:
sudo su

Then edit the configuration file analog-output-lineout.conf by running:
gedit /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-lineout.conf

In the editor, change all occurrences of switch=off to switch=on. I also changed switch=mute to switch-on.

Then do a restart. Lo and behold, the sound is there.

Now I'm just letting Imany improve my mood!
Translated and slightly expanded from the original German version.

Recently I had the same problem. It started to work after I did this:
killall pulseaudio; pulseaudio -k  ; rm -r ~/.config/pulse/* ; rm -r ~/.pulse*

Then, after waiting 10 seconds, run:
pulseaudio --start

This is the site where I found my answer to this problem:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoundTroubleshootingProcedure

Good luck.


USB Disk stuck in read only after dd an ISO This has probably been asked before but I have not been able to find it so I'll ask again.
Here's what I did:

sudo dd if=./windows.iso of=/dev/sdb

#sdb is a 64gb USB disk

Afterwards I was unable to add to the disk so I formatted it to NTFS and tried to manually copy the files over at which point I got this error:

I don't think it is a problem with Ubuntu so much as it is a problem with dd, or my ability to use dd, because I have previously had the same problem with dd on both mint and cyanogenmod.

A quick fix (and sort of a hack) to get it out of read only mode, (this will delete the contents of the usb device!!!) is to open "startup disk creator" in ubuntu and choose to erase the device and it will be out of read only mode.

  "that worked. but why? how can I do that in terminal?"

I don't know exactly why but it seems to be python related. I'm doing some digging and will report back with any findings.

How to in terminal:

According to this post you can change the read only attribute using hdparm like so (assuming the device is /dev/sdb):

sudo hdparm -r0 /dev/sdb

Then, remount the device. That may involve simply unplugging and plugging the device back in or you could run the following command to remount the device in read/write mode:

sudo mount -o remount,rw /dev/sdb /media/$USER/8E22-6590

I always use a utility known as unetbootin anytime I copy a bootable cd/dvd to a flash drive.  It makes the flash drive work exactly like the optical drive in every way, and that means its read only status remains.

If you want to create an Ubuntu installation onto a flash drive, you have to do it the old fashioned way, a literally INSTALL Ubuntu to the flash media, as though it were a hard drive.  It is no more or less difficult than installing it to a hard drive, but it is the only way (that I know of) you can attain an actual installation that behaves like an actual installation.

If you go to my bio, you'll see I've been doing exactly this for several years by maintaining one perfect (IMHO) master installation, and cloning the master to blank high speed usb flash drives.


file_get_contents, get_headers, and curl have stopped working with error: Connection refused At some point yesterday the functions: file_get_contents, get_headers, and curl have stopped working with error: Connection refused. Ex:

Curl: (7) Failed to connect to www.alebalweb.com port 443: Connection refused.

I do not understand why, I was just uploading files and no one touched anything on the server. Until a moment before everything worked and it worked for years.
With Curl, I do the cronjob of my site once a day, and never had any problems.
I thought the SSL certificates had expired, but it seems not. The site is online and it works, if I try to access the site via curl from my local PC, curl works smoothly. I thought I was banned at UFW or fail2ban for some reason, but I changed my local IP and nothing changed. And anyway I see a lot of errors in the Apache logs, from many different IPs.
The problem occurs on all sites on my server.

I really can't understand what could have happened, everything worked perfectly until yesterday afternoon.

The Server is Ubuntu 18.04 on vultr.

I also found some strange errors in syslog, probably related.

Apr  8 06:25:03 Vultr_LA_18 rsyslogd:  [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="8.32.0" x-pid="689" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] rsyslogd was HUPed
Apr  8 06:25:07 Vultr_LA_18 popularity-contest: unable to submit report to https://popcon.ubuntu.com/popcon-submit.cgi.
Apr  8 06:25:07 Vultr_LA_18 popularity-contest: unable to submit report.

Apr  8 06:32:04 Vultr_LA_18 rsyslogd: unexpected GnuTLS error -53 - this could be caused by a broken connection. GnuTLS reports: Error in the push function.   [v8.32.0$
Apr  8 06:32:04 Vultr_LA_18 rsyslogd: omfwd: TCPSendBuf error -2078, destruct TCP Connection to log.nixstats.com:10514 [v8.32.0 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2078 ]
Apr  8 06:32:04 Vultr_LA_18 rsyslogd: action 'action 1' suspended (module 'builtin:omfwd'), retry 0. There should be messages before this one giving the reason for sus$
Apr  8 06:32:04 Vultr_LA_18 rsyslogd: action 'action 1' resumed (module 'builtin:omfwd') [v8.32.0 try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2359 ]

Apr  8 06:36:06 Vultr_LA_18 systemd-resolved[631]: Server returned error NXDOMAIN, mitigating potential DNS violation DVE-2018-0001, retrying transaction with reduced $

I reset Fail2ban, and something seems to have come back to work...

But I have absolutely no idea how the server managed to block itself via Fail2ban...

Any ideas? Above all, any ideas to prevent this from happening again in the future?


Bluetooth won't turn on since upgrading to 16.04 Since I updated to 16.04, I'm having problems starting Bluetooth.
In recent weeks sometimes restarting my laptop fixed it, but now it won't turn on under any circumstances.
Can you help me with this?

I added it to startup

gksudo gedit /etc/rc.local

rfkill unblock bluetooth

And now it's working. Hope it keeps that way

On 20.04 I was able to resolve this by reloading the btusb module as described in this blog post:
Open a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T) and enter below commands one after another.
sudo rmmod btusb
sudo modprobe btusb


Problem launching parole after upgrading to vivd (clutter-critical error) After upgrading to the most recent version of xubuntu, I can no longer launch parole.  Launching it from the gui results in nothing visible.  Launching it from the command line yields the following:

parole:5092): Clutter-CRITICAL **: _clutter_id_pool_add: assertion 'id_pool != NULL' failed

(parole:5092): Clutter-CRITICAL **: Unable to check features. Have you initialized Clutter?
Segmentation fault (core dumped)

I don't know if this is related, but I have also had problems playing certain media files.  Also, I suspect that this has something to do with my graphics card/ driver: amd radeon hd 6900 / flgrx-updates.

Weirdly enough I can get parole to start by launching it from the command line as root.  But trying to play anything results in parole crashing after reporting a gstreamer error.

What worked for me was to delete the ~/.local directory (e.g. rm -fr .local) and restart the app.  Then it works, I was getting the same exact error and this fixed it.  Something gets messed up in the directory probably as a results of using root auth (sudo) for some commands, etc...

(parole:5092): Clutter-CRITICAL **: Unable to check features. Have you initialized Clutter? Segmentation fault (core dumped)

Solution for my:

delete folder ~/.cache and restart the app.


"Installation Type" options I am trying to install ubuntu onto my external drive via liveUSB.I created three parts called root,swap and home by using GParted.Now it time to install Ubuntu .I came to "Installation Type" window.I can see the partitions I have created.I chose my external disk as a "device for boot loader installation" but what makes me confused is that

Do I have to creat another partition here ?
When I clicked sdc1/ext4 and clicked "change" icon I see that it says " dont use the partition"  is it ok? should I change it?
And which part should be highlighted when I clicked "install"?  dev/sdc  or  dev/sdc1 or  dev/sdc2 or  dev/sdc3

thanks

I would run the USB installer again , setup your partitions on the external HDD and from the dropdown that says "select device for bootloader installation" select the external HDD . To answer your first question - no , you don't need to create another partition

here are few links i came across which may help you.
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LiveUsbPendrivePersistent
http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-941290-start-0.html


What is the status of getting flash and chromium for Ubuntu ARM? I have Ubuntu dual booting on a Samsung ARM Chromebook but have to go back to Chrome OS if I want to watch a flash video or do a Google Hangout. Is there a way to have these capabilities in Ubuntu for ARM now? If not, when will we have these capabilities in Ubuntu for ARM? Thanks

Folks have done it. Try sudo apt-get install browser-plugin-gnash minitube after adding the repository for it (details here http://www.webupd8.org/2013/02/minitube-20-and-musique-121-released.html )

Adobe has a forum with specific details at http://forums.adobe.com/thread/1066869

Also, there are further details at

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-newbie-8/having-trouble-installing-flash-player-onto-chrubuntu-on-the-arm-based-chromebook-4175444859/

http://www.omappedia.org/wiki/PandaBoard_Ubuntu_PPA


How to replace the remote old root partition? please help.
On the remote server the system got hacked. I want to replace the whole root partition with a new one. I want to create a root image locally and copy and mount it to the remote system under mnt. I need to tell the system, where to find the new root partition and umount the old root drive. How can I carry out that?

Thanks,
István

Your /etc/fstab is going to have an entry like this:

  UUID=5533a862-a975-4a4e-ad8e-31327966c028 /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1

or like this:

  /dev/sda3 /   ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1

You need to make the /etc/fstab entry point to either the new device file our the disk's UUID

Before changing the fstab, mount it as a disk owned by root and verify you can see the files:
add to fstab where the /dev file points to new disk and just after the root mount shown above:

/dev/sda3   /newroot    ext4    errors=remount-ro   0   1
sudo mkdir /newroot
sudo mount -a

If it mounts, then verify root can read/write files okay in /newroot

If that works, edit /etc/fstab to put a # in front of existing root and change new line you added to be / instead of /newroot then reboot. Note, you'll have to use a LiveCD to set it back or edit the fstab if it fails to boot properly


Why has VirtualBox's menu disappeared? How do I display the menu bar of VirtualBox?

Functions like cdrom, usb, etc need access to the menu bars to work.

Because you're in scale mode which causes it to be hidden.

Host + C is the toggle for scale mode (where Host is Right Control by default)

CTRL+C or CTRL+F won't work if the machine is paused.

You have to press CTRL+P to unpause, if the menu is hidden.


How to fix my local ip address I want my private IP address 192.168.xxx.xxx to be fixed and do not change, Is it possible? I am using Ubuntu 14.04.
I need it to work even when I change the network? Thank's

Yes it is possible to static your IP

The following steps describes how to configure static IP address on Ubuntu 14.04.

You need to edit the file /etc/network/interfaces.

I have used gedit as an editor. If you don't have it installed you can replace it with vim or whichever you have.

sudo  gedit /etc/network/interfaces

Then change to include the following:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
#iface lo inet interface
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.122
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4
~

eth0 is the regular ethernet interface
address is the static IP address you choose
gateway is usually the router's IP address
dns-nameservers is the dns server IP address, this is needed for domain name resolution

After the change you can either reboot or run

sudo ifdown eth0

sudo  ifup  eth0

Check now. Run terminal and type:

ifconfig

You can set it from your box.

Just connect to it as an administrator and look for advanced options.

There should be a way to ask your box to give your computer always the same IP address.


Cannot install build-essential/gcc/g++ after upgrade to 17.04 Since upgrading from Ubuntu 16.04 to 17.04, I can no longer install gcc-7 or g++-7 from the http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu repository. In fact I cannot even install build-essential.

Under Software & Updates > Other Software, the repository is listed like this:

http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-toolchain-r/test/ubuntu zesty main

Trying to install build-essential:

$ sudo apt install build-essential
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

However:

$ gcc --version
gcc (Ubuntu 5.4.1-8ubuntu1) 5.4.1 20170304
...
$ g++ --version
g++ (Ubuntu 5.4.1-8ubuntu1) 5.4.1 20170304
...

So how can I install build-essential again?

So I was able to install build-essential again by following these steps:

$ sudo apt install build-essential
...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed

A gcc version greater 5.2 is required, so lets try to install gcc.

$ sudo apt install gcc
...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
gcc : Depends: cpp (>= 4:6.3.0-2ubuntu1) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: gcc-6 (>= 6.3.0-9~) but it is not going to be installed

Okay. Something else is missing. Let’s try installing that.

$ sudo apt install cpp
...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cpp : Depends: cpp-6 (>= 6.3.0-9~) but it is not going to be installed

Still nothing. Trying again.

$ sudo apt install cpp-6
...
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 cpp-6 : Depends: gcc-6-base (= 6.3.0-12ubuntu2) but 6.3.0-18ubuntu2~16.04 is to be installed

Once again.

$ sudo apt install gcc-6-base
...
gcc-6-base is already the newest version (6.3.0-18ubuntu2~16.04).

So here I don’t know what exactly went wrong. It should be noted that there is a 16.04 string at the end of that version number. That seemed odd. I removed that package.

$ sudo apt remove gcc-6-base

Now I was able to install build-essential again. This will also reinstall gcc-6-base.

$ sudo apt install build-essential

Remaining problem:

$ sudo apt upgrade
...
The following packages have been kept back:
  cpp g++ gcc

Root of the problem is similar as above, gcc-7-base is faulty but I can’t simply remove it, since I get this:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libgcc1 : Depends: gcc-7-base (= 7.1.0-5ubuntu2~16.04) but it is not going to be installed
 va-driver-all : Depends: mesa-va-drivers but it is not going to be installed or
                          vdpau-va-driver but it is not going to be installed
E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

Danger Zone:

I managed to resolve this issue with the following steps:

$ sudo apt install aptitude
$ sudo dpkg --force-all -P gcc-7-base
$ sudo dpkg --force-all -P gcc-7-base:i386
$ sudo aptitude install gcc-7-base

This is super dangerous and might break your installation. Executing dpkg --force-all -P will remove a package forcefully, ignoring any dependencies on this package. Following this by a regular apt upgrade might remove almost all relevant software from your installation.

I was only able to recover from there by usind aptitude which resolved every dependency issue I had.

I have the same problem but the solution is actually pretty simple
so it saying: The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 build-essential : Depends: gcc (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed
                   Depends: g++ (>= 4:5.2) but it is not going to be installed

the just install the the package on the 'depends'
do :
apt-get install gcc

and then it will says :
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 gcc : Depends: cpp (= 4:9.2.1-3.1) but 4:8.3.0-1 is to be installed
       Depends: gcc-9 (>= 9.2.1-1~) but it is not going to be installed

then do :
apt-get install cpp

ass you can see the depends: change from depends:gcc to depends:cpp
then do it over and over again until that same error didn't pop up and then :
sudo apt install build-essential


Comparison of Octave, Spyder, Freemat and Scilab as alternatives to MATLAB I am trying to find an alternative for MATLAB and have so far found:

GNU Octave
Spyder
FreeMat
Scilab

I'm trying to find which is the best alternative to MATLAB. I'm particularly concerned with performance and the integrity of the results.

Well you're in for a treat I have used all the programming languages/software you mentioned. FreeMat and Spyder I do not have too much experience with, but I have some. The others I am experienced in.
GNU Octave by far beets the competition. Its syntax has an extreme compatibility with that of MATLAB. The only differences, I'm aware of at least, aside from the odd toolbox, which you can attempt to replace by the packages here is that GNU Octave can define functions from the command line.
I don't know if you're aware of QtOctave. QtOctave is a frontend (GUI) for the GNU Octave programming language. QtOctave comes with an editor too.
Scilab is an adequate replacement for MATLAB too. It has some differences in terms of syntax but nothing you can't get your head around if you search the documentation that comes with it.
FreeMat is the worst, in my opinion at least, of software that's syntax is heavily based on MATLAB. My evidence for this is three part: firstly, in the software centre it receive the lowest star rating of the four software in question. Second, it isn't frequently updated, the latest version in the software centre, was last updated in 2008. Third as a result of my second piece of evidence its functions are somewhat lagging. The plus side, however, is that its syntax is highly compatible with MATLAB's.
I have used Spyder, but only briefly I'm afraid. It seems top-quality. The problem with it is that it has only limited compatibility with MATLAB, syntax wise. It requires you to learn some of the Python programming language, that is, if you plan to do well at it.
I would also recommend SageMath as it includes GNU Octave, (if its already installed on your system) Scilab, (if you already have it installed) NumPy, [NumPy and the rest mentioned unless otherwise specified come with Sage and therefore no installation is necessary] Scipy, Matplotlib, maxima, Fortran among many others. SageMath may be downloaded by going to the website http://www.sagemath.org/download-linux.html and selecting a suitable mirror, based on where you are and then installing the relevant .tar.lzma file. After this copy and paste the following commands into terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):
cd ~/Downloads
sudo mv sage-linux-xbit-ubuntu_y-z-Linux.tar.lzma /home/username
cd ~
tar --lzma -xvf sage-linux-xbit-ubuntu_y-z-Linux.tar.lzma
cd ~/sage-linux-xbit-ubuntu_y-z-Linux
make
sudo ln -s /home/username/sage-linux-xbit-ubuntu_y-z-Linux/sage /usr/local/bin/sage

Where 'x' refers to the bits of your OS; 'y' refers to the version of Ubuntu the sage is designed for (e.g. 10.04_lts; 12.04_lts (the _lts is required in 'y'), etc.); 'z' refers to the architecture of your OS. (i386, amd64, etc.)

My college uses MATLAB on their Windows PCs. But for using MATLAB on Ubuntu I had been left with two choices

Install MATLAB over wine or any virtualization software
Find a Linux Equivallent

As virtualization is very heavy on my laptop, I searched for an alternative. After many software trials, I finally settled for OCTAVE. It can run most of the standard MATLAB codes. Instead of GNU Octave, it is better to go for qt Octave. While the former is terminal based, the later is GUI based.
My choice is to go for qt Octave

sudo apt-get install qtoctave


How can I stop Ubuntu from automatically unmounting Samba shares? I have some music files I'd like to listen to sitting on a Samba share. I added this share via the Ubuntu GUI (Places -> Connect to server...), and everything worked just fine.

However, despite the fact that my music file is playing from this location, after I've not touched the location using the Nautilus GUI, Ubuntu/GNOME decides that I'm not using the share anymore and terminates the connection. Thus, my music stops playing and Rhythmbox is unhappy with me. Simply clicking on the new shortcut the "Connect to server..." bit created for me immediately makes the files come back again and allows me to restart the music playing.

How can I have Ubuntu not automatically dismount samba shares?

This is the method I have used successfully from 9.10 through 10.10 by mounting the shares with fstab following these steps.

Make sure you have smbfs installed first.
Create new directory(s) to mount the share to in terminal eg sudo mkdir /media/my_share
Open fstab in gedit gksudo gedit /etc/fstab also in terminal
Add one line per share example music, films, tv etc

//192.168.1.102/share_name /media/my_share cifs credentials=/root/.smbcredentials,iocharset=utf8,file_mode=0777,dir_mode=0777 0 0

obviously changing the IP address, share_name and my_share to the relevant folders
Lastly create a hidden .smbcredentials file in root and open it in gedit

gksudo gedit /root/.smbcredentials

and add these lines to the new file

username=theuser
password=thepass

if you have no password for the shares then leave them blank and if you have many different share passwords then create multiple credentials files.

you will then need to change the owner of the credentials file

sudo chmod 700 /root/.smbcredentials

once all of this is in place you can test your setup by typing sudo mount -a in the terminal and your shares will be mounted.

from now on they will automatically mount when you log in.

Im pretty sure samba times itself out after a time and unmounts. Its a security feature I think (even if you are connecting to a share without a password).


Why is my Chrome so slow? Chrome became slow. Why is that? Firefox is much faster in Ubuntu, but I prefer Chrome, because it gives more "space". Thank you.

It's not clear if this is a fresh install with a new profile. But it can happen that any browser's performance can degrade over time for various reasons: for example, conflicting extensions or some file being corrupted in one's profile.

First you could try creating a new "profile": with Chrome not running, simply rename the folder that has your details: home/yourname/.config/google-chrome/Default to something else. When you restart Chrome, it will create a new Default. Mostly, this solves most problems. For more details, consult the Linux section in Create a new browser user profile.

(If you have valuable bookmarks, you could export them as html before creating the new profile and import them later via Chrome's Bookmark Manager.)

If the browser performs well with the new profile, it could point to an issue with extensions you had installed. Some ad block extensions are known to affect performance, at least on some pages. If it's a problem with a single extension, all can be disabled and enabled one by one to see when performance degrades. You can get at your extensions by clicking on Customize and Control Google Chrome, Tools, Extensions or by entering chrome://extensions in the address bar and hitting enter.

You can also clear cache, cookies, and browsing history by pressing Ctrl + Shift + Delete together and making appropriate choices.

If you provide more details, someone may have specific guidance.

use click and clean extension. It clears all cache during exit.


App Indicators not working on Ubuntu 18.04 This is with a fresh installation of Ubuntu 18.04 using the default GNOME Desktop.

The "tray icons" simply don't appear in the top panel. "Ubuntu appindicators" shell extension is active, but doesn't show any icons.

I've tried both the "kstatusnotifieritem" and "topicons" shell extensions without any success.

If anyone could help I would appreciate it.

What I did was:

sudo apt purge indicator-common

Then you can enable either the TopIcons Plus or Ubuntu AppIndicators extension
Reboot the system or instead you could just reload the Gnome Shell with Alt+F2, then R.

Then you would be able to see the icons on the GNOME's bar.

my App Indicator wasn't working -- icons were there but unresponsive, I switched from wayland to xorg and it fixed the problem (so far)


Could not find default node or by name with 'com name' on node 'com name'? Manifest Directory Structure of sys_info module is like,

Puppet

manifests (site.pp)
modules - sys_info - manifests (init.pp)

init.pp is like,

class sys_info {
package { 'gkrelmm' :
     ensure => '2.3.5-5',
}
exec { 'gkrellm' :
     command => '/usr/bin/gkrellm &',
     require => Package['gkrellm'],
     }
}

and site.pp is like,

node 'losttemple.linuxmaster.com' {
      include sys_info
}

I've create these files and and typed on terminal

sudo puppet apply /etc/puppet/manifests/site.pp --modulepath=/etc/puppet/modules/

and it showed an error

Error: Could not find default node or by name with '(my com name)' on node (my com name)

Is there anything wrong with the code I typed?

I imagine you're using puppet master / slave. This is a message from the puppet master when a node can't find it's definition in side.pp.

I'm new to puppet and I've got this issue too. From what I've learnt, I believe if you add a Node decoration with your puppet-master in [site.pp] the error will disappear.

After digging a bit, I understood that I was using puppet master/slave, and it means that the puppet master also applies what it finds in site.pp and this error occurs when it doesn't find its name there.


At install time I allocated 80 GB for Ubuntu. What happened to my 80GB? How was that space used? First off, I'm a newb. When I installed Ubuntu it asked me how much drive space to allocate for the OS and I said 80 GB.

Now I find that I am running out of hard drive space. Disk utility shows that I have 3 partitions that have been added, but none of them are 80 GB.

The partitions are:

 - 56  GB ext4
 - 60  GB Extended
 -  4.1GB swap

The 60GB partition is a container for logical partitions. What is that?

I am new to any kind of issues concerning hard drives and containers for logical partitions. So my questions are

Why do i not have 80 gig available?
can i merge the 56GB partition with the 60GB partition so i can have more usable space for storing programs in Linux?

Requested output from: cat /proc/partitions

major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  488386584 sda
   8        1      40131 sda1
   8        2   15360000 sda2
   8        3  414029711 sda3
   8        4          1 sda4
   8        5    3984384 sda5
   8        6   54970368 sda6
  11        0    1048575 sr0
   8       16  488358912 sdb
   8       17  488357888 sdb1

There are two kind ofpartition in our legacy partition table.
 - Primary
 - Extended

  A primary partition is generally used for installation of operating
  system. A partition table contain at least one and at most 4 primary
  partition.

  An extended partition is a special type of primary partition that can
  hold many logical partition.Extended drive is very popular as in time of re installation you need not worry about drives in extended partition and therefore  data is safe. (except you choose to reformat entire hard disk.)

However ubuntu can be installed in extended partition too.

  SWAP space is used by a Linux operating system for faster access.It's
  used for swapping chunk of data with RAM when RAM is full with
  temporary data and CPU need some other data that is not present in
  RAM.

SWAP is automatically created (if not edited manually) at rate of 1.5xRAM_SIZE.
So your Linux partition is of = (4.6 + 56)GB ~ 60GB

If you have disk layout like this

 |→ SWAP
 |→ EXT4
 |→ EXTENDED

It is possible to merge, but not wise. As any formatting in ext4 will cause all data loss. Also you need to convert extended to primary before merging but I am unsure whether deletion of extended partition is possible or not.Probably need some third party tool.

What I recommend:

Create one logical disk in the extended partition. Format it with ntfs (if later want to access via windows) or ext4. Use it for storing data.

If you have disk layout like this

  → EXTENDED
      |→ SWAP
      |→ EXT4

Then merging is not possible and everything is fine. BTW What is your total hard disk space?? :P

The thing is that the old computers cannot cope with more than 4 (or 3?) partitions. That has to do with the BIOS. Therefore a container is made up so that the BIOS only sees one partition. Linux (and Windows) are intelligent enough to realize that there are actually more partitions. So it is just a legacy issue, nothing to worry about.

Then the conversion between GB and GiB is around 7%. So when the manufacturer says 80 GB, you actually get 74.5 GiB, which the computer will display.

You can type df -h into the terminal, that will show you all file systems. Maybe you did enter 60 GiB instead of 80 GiB during the installation?

You cannot merge the 56 GiB with the 60 GiB, since the 60 contains the 56. It is just the wrapper that I mentioned in the first paragraph, it does not consume any space.

With gparted, you can move and resize your partitions. But backup your data!


apt-get install nfs-common does not create an idmapd I am trying to get NFSv4 client to work with idmapd and I try

sudo apt-get install nfs-common

Unfortunately, this installs the expected files /etc/default/nfs-common, /etc/idmapd.conf etc., but exits with the following messages:

Setting up rpcbind (0.2.1-2ubuntu2.1) ...
initctl: Unknown job: rpcbind
Setting up nfs-common (1:1.2.8-6ubuntu1.1) ...
initctl: Unknown job: statd
initctl: Unknown job: gssd
initctl: Unknown job: idmapd

Any help is appreciated.

Thanks,
Sonny.

I had the same problem and this work for me :

$ unset UPSTART_SESSION

here explain the problem.


proXPN via OpenVPN on 13.04 Is anyone currently managing to use proXPN via OpenVPN?

I tried using the config files from both the Mac and Windows downloads per these instructions: http://downgoat.net/2013/04/20/proxpn-openvpn-on-linux-configuration/

But I keep getting a timeout when I try to connect.

Oct  5 14:17:18 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN: loaded org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.pptp
Oct  5 14:17:18 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN: loaded org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.openvpn
Oct  5 14:17:18 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]:    keyfile: parsing VPN connection 1 ...
Oct  5 14:17:18 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]:    keyfile:     read connection 'proXPN OpenVPN'
Oct  5 14:34:34 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> Starting VPN service 'openvpn'...
Oct  5 14:34:34 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' started (org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.openvpn), PID 5105
Oct  5 14:34:34 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN service 'openvpn' appeared; activating connections
Oct  5 14:34:37 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN plugin state changed: starting (3)
Oct  5 14:34:37 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <info> VPN connection 'proXPN OpenVPN' (Connect) reply received.
Oct  5 14:34:37 jonno-mythbuntu nm-openvpn[5118]: OpenVPN 2.2.1 x86_64-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [MH] [PF_INET6] [IPv6 payload 20110424-2 (2.2RC2)] built on Feb 13 2013
Oct  5 14:35:18 jonno-mythbuntu NetworkManager[1065]: <warn> VPN connection 'proXPN OpenVPN' (IP Config Get) timeout exceeded.

When you install proxpn there is a directory called config.. Generally you can just copy that over the config directory in openvpn clients and then hit connect.

Here are the openvpn server addresses:
Dallas: 107.6.100.3
NY: 173.231.141.114
NL: 213.179.208.131
UK: 78.157.207.131
LA: 64.27.29.67
Seattle: 216.18.231.179
Singapore: 223.27.170.51

When you are making your own custom config file, it should always have one of those addresses, like remote 107.6.100.3 443

We always use port 443 as the default, but we have 80 and 8080 ports mirrored in case there is some problem with 443

Here are the paid users ports blacklist:
20:21
25
8080
110
135:139
143
445
465
585
993
995
3389
5900:5999

You should choose a custom port if you want to run vnc or rdp. or connect via the real home ip address/port forwarding for those protocols.

Here are the list of available proXPN PPTP Server Locations:

Dallas: pptp.proxpn.com
New York: pptp-ny1a.proxpn.com
Los Angeles: pptp-la1.proxpn.com
Seattle: pptp-se1.proxpn.com
Netherlands: pptp-nl1.proxpn.com
UK: pptp-uk1.proxpn.com
Singapore: pptp-sg1a.proxpn.com

Title: poptop-nl
IP: 213.179.213.7

Title: pptp-la
IP: 64.27.29.68

Title: pptp-nl
IP: 213.179.213.7

Title: pptp-d1
IP: 107.6.100.5

Title: pptp-ukb
IP: 78.157.207.134

Title: pptp-se
IP: 216.18.231.181

Title: pptp-sg
IP: 223.27.170.53

Title: ppty-ny
IP: 173.231.141.116

Remote subnet and mask are supposed to be passed from the server -> user, so those are not static values so the user should leave those remote subnet and mask at 0.0.0.0 (default) mppe checked no domain name, just username.


Java will not run in Chromium, Google Chrome and Firefox I am having major issues with Ubuntu and Kubuntu with regards to Java on websites using Chromium, Google Chrome or Firefox.

I have tried everything to install Java, but it's not happening. Ubuntu 10.10 is fine, but the new Unity will not run Java. Can anyone provide a step-by-step way to install Java?

Installing icedtea-plugin doesn't work

cd /usr/lib/chromium-browser/plugins
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/java-6-sun-1.6.0.26/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so libnpjp2.so

Restart chromium-browser.

Or if you have the latest 64-bit version (installed in /usr/lib/jvm/jre1.7.0/) use this as the second command:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/jre1.7.0/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so libnpjp2.so

Install Oracle (Sun) Java JRE by hand:
http://sites.google.com/site/easylinuxtipsproject/java

Easy to do, just requires precision in applying the how-to. :-)


No Unity when running Ubuntu 11.04 (64 bit) under VirtualBox+Windows 7 (64 bit) Before the first login screen came up after a clean install of Ubuntu 11.04 (64 bit) into a new virtual machine in VirtualBox running under Windows 7 (64 bit), a dialog box popped up saying that the hardware was not sufficient to run Unity (paraphrased). All logins have taken me to the Classic DE and I can't find a way to even try Unity.

In the desktop settings, I have selected "Ubuntu" and not "Ubuntu (classic)". The system is configured so I must log in, and a "session" option is available at the bottom of the screen, but regardless of the session I choose, no Unity.

After installing the VirtualBox Guest Additions, the Classic DE would resize as the host window resized, but still Unity would not display.

I don't know if this is a video problem, memory, or something else. The VM has 1024MB ram, 2 processors, 3D acceleration, and 12MB of video memory.

It would be very nice to see what all the Unity fuss is about!

Eric

Prerequisites for running Unity in Virtual Box are:

Virtual Box version >= 4.06
proper installation of Guest Additions
128 MB of RAM for the virtual graphics card (set in Virtual Box Manager)
enable 3D acceleration in Virtual Box Manager
Host graphic card driver that supports Open GL sufficiently
selecting Ubuntu session at login

Some host graphics cards will not sufficiently support hardware 3D acceleration. In these cases Unity-2D could be installed.

I have only tried VirtualBox OSE running on an Ubuntu host, but I hope it's the same with a Windows host:

Install virtualbox-ose-guest-dkms and ..-x11 and ..-utils in the guest, like fred wrote in
How do I install Guest Additions in a VirtualBox VM?


how to resolve dependencies building caffe on ubuntu 16.04 I am trying to build caffe from a git checkout on ubuntu 16.04.

If found the gcc5 workaround and have sorted the hf5 issues but am now stuck.

I've resolved most of the dependencies but am stuck with these ones.

/usr/bin/ld: warning: libcudart.so.6.5, needed by
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libcublas.so.6.5, needed by
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libcurand.so.6.5, needed by
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libboost_system.so.1.55.0, needed b
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, may conflict with libboost_system.so.1.58.0
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libboost_thread.so.1.55.0, needed by
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)
/usr/bin/ld: warning: libboost_python-py27.so.1.55.0, needed by
/usr/lib/libcaffe.so, not found (try using -rpath or -rpath-link)

ubuntu 16.04 ships with boost 1.58 and doesn't have 1.55 package still available in the repo, anyone know where i can find them and how to install them without breaking other boost packages ?

I'm also unsure where to get the libcu* files from either

Has anyone worked out how to get round this or is anyone planning to make a snap package of caffe which would ease this pain ?

Edit:
 the machine i'm doing this on is a dell precison m3800 with a NVIDIA Corporation GK107GLM [Quadro K1100M] (rev a1) in optimus with a intel 4600

Edit:
the error message suggests -rpath any suggestions on how to make use of that ?

Edit: I just did a git pull on my caffe sources this morning (may 18th 2016) and it appears that caffe has now moved up to the the 1.58 versions of the boost libs and the 7.5 cuda libs so is using those installed on my system, however this is not stable yet and the compile fails with pages of warning s and errors. Hopefully this is the beginning of the fix...

Update:

Using advice from user.dz to use the bundled cuda tools i did

apt-get install nvidia-cuda-toolkit

this worked and has moved me past the difficult bit ! thanks @user.dz :)

building caffe still had a ton of compile errors, these where fixable by googling for them and finding posts with workarounds, too many to list.

This got me to the point where i could compile caffe (with many many warnings from boost) successfully so i think that means this question is answered, thanks everyone , especially user.dz !

as an aside:

I am now stuck trying to get pycaffe to build , it's complaining about libboost_python3 not being found , i have the package installed but it seems there is not an .so version only a .a , this fails the build due to an unsupported relocation error. any ideas ? i will start a new question about that and post a link to it

pycaffe now builds , fixed it with a cheeky symlink :)

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python-py35.so /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libboost_python3.so

It seems an absolute package that why it is not listed in the search through packages.ubuntu.com and can get it from:

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/multiverse/n/nvidia-cuda-toolkit/

In other cases not one, you may look for old releases repository too:

http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/universe/n/nvidia-cuda-toolkit/
Extract them and copy needed shared object (libraries) to /usr/local/lib/

You can do the same for boost libraries. These libraries are versioned so you can put many in same system. The only limit for easy install is the packaging, they have put them under same name.

If you think it is required to have multiple version in the same system and it is widely applicable, file a bug report for it.

I think the library version for libcudart in Xenial is 7.5. Can you try targeting those instead (Same for libcublas and libcurand)?

Boost has been upped to version .58. You also might need to install libboost-system-dev in addition to libbost-system (Not a boot developer, take this salt). Same with libboost-thread and libboost-python.

It's very possible that they haven't changed the packages to match 16.04 and instead are targeting trusty which appears to have those package versions.


Can not update youtube-dl Trying to download an audio from youtube.

youtube-dl --extract-audio --audio-format mp3 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILSr9BbhoJQ
[youtube] ILSr9BbhoJQ: Downloading webpage
[youtube] ILSr9BbhoJQ: Downloading video info webpage
ERROR: ILSr9BbhoJQ: "token" parameter not in video info for unknown reason; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Make sure you are using the latest version; see  https://yt-dl.org/update  on how to update. Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output.

Then I did this.

sudo apt-get remove youtube-dl
sudo mkdir -pv /usr/local/bin
sudo wget https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -O /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+rx /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl

andy@7_~/Downloads$ youtube-dl -U
bash: /usr/bin/youtube-dl: No such file or directory

youtube-dl is in /usr/bin directory.

This came from a Mozilla support group.

Clip Grab

Download it from here.

https://clipgrab.org/faqs/howto-download-youtube-video

Just double click it to run the program.


disable services on startup in ubuntu I installed these applications on my Ubuntu:

nginx
php5-fpm
mysql server
redis
...

These applications run every time the computer turns on.

How can I prevent these applications from running on start up?
So, these applications only run if I do "service nginx start".

Use:

systemctl disable <service>

If you are not using systemd (Ubuntu 14.10 and earlier) use:

update-rc.d -f <service> remove

The following command will give you a list of all services on your machine:

service --status-all

You should be able to find the names of the services you want to disable in there.

For more details, see enabling-and-disabling-services and for the very long answer see this post (as already mentioned by @muru).

For more details, see this post on Digital Ocean and the man page for systemctl.

Another method is by installing rcconf apt-get install rcconf. From rcconf you can enable/disable any service that is installed on your ubuntu/debian server.


disco audio power save problem I did a fresh install of 19.04, and when the audio driver has nothing to send to the speakers, it drives me nuts by a loud 50 Hz (?) buzz from the speakers that are connected to the earphone outlet. When there is something to be played, everything is fine, but as soon as the audio stream stops, it starts to buzz and it is better to unplug the speakers.
The problem showed up already in 18.10, but only during shutdown or suspend, which is bearable. In 19.04 it is far, far worse.
I work on an ACER Aspire V15 Nitro, connected to 230V / 50Hz, as do external my speakers. The laptop is on a master power outlet, the peripherals (monitor, speakers) on slave outlets.

How do I stop the loud buzzing or prevent the driver to enter power save mode? Otherwise I have to abandon this release and revert to 18.04.

Tia, Theo

I edited 2 or 3 files as described in stoneage posts, and the first one of them seems to work.
 - from https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1897012 anno 2011 the
   line "options snd-hda-intel power-save=0" added to
   /etc/modprobe.d/alsabase.conf

FORGET THE REST
 - from the same https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1897012 in /usr/lib/pm-utils/intel-audio-powerave the line INTEL_AUDIO_POWRERSAVE=false The latter seems to be a typo in the filename, so it won't do the job.
 - in /etc/default/tlp the lines SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_AC=0 and SOUND_POWER_SAVE_ON_BAT=0


Terminal can't install something named libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04 My configuration is amd64, Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS

Since days I'm trying to install openFrameworks on my fresh Ubuntu (http://openframeworks.cc/download/).

Installing libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04
E: Impossible de trouver le paquet libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04'
E: Impossible de trouver de paquet correspondant à l'expression rationnelle « libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04 »
error installing libgl1-mesa-dev-hwe-16.04
Lecture des listes de paquets…
Construction de l'arbre des dépendances…
Lecture des informations d'état…
this seems an error with your distribution repositories

So I've investigated via openFrameworks forums and found the file can be downloaded here:https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/xenial/+package/libgl1-mesa-dev
But after this installation I still get the same message in the Terminal.
Is there something I'm missing?
Any help would be appeciated.

If you take a look into the "install_dependencies.sh" , you will see "-hwe-16.04" extension is defined by the "XTAG" variable and it used only for mesa lib (which is "free implementation of the OpenGL API"). Above the 16.04 (16.04.1, 16.04.2) you don't need this special version anymore. So when you run "install_dependencies.sh" (without the "-y" switch) simply answer "no" to the question :   "installing OF dependencies with -hwe-16.04 packages, confirm Y/N ?"

They might have removed the 16.04 specific driver.

Try sudo apt install libgl1-mesa-dev, as that is a package which I assume is the same thing.

Also, you may need some other package, so run apt-cache search libgl1-mesa and see if that matches any other packages that might be relevant.


Backup keeps asking for Encryption Password while restoring I'm attempting to restore from a previous backup but the restore keeps asking me for an Encrypted Password. I enter what I want it to be but it shows up some thirty seconds later to ask again. Why is this?

Sounds like a bug?  File one at https://launchpad.net/deja-dup/+filebug, provide the logs it asks for, and I might be able to help.

One thing though is that you mention entering what you want the password to be?  When restoring, you should be entering the same password you used when originally backing up.

I'm in a big - holy $#^^@# i just lost a ton of files mess. I'm currently restoring some from ubuntu one and got this Encryption Password prompt. It really had me worried and I tried some of my old passwords and they didn't work. I just reset my ubuntu one password, i know that password was not in use when I created these backups. My brand new, just reset, password worked here - so it may not be some old password you set your backups with, try your current ubuntu one password.

(i'm sure you're over this issue, but google led me to this thread, so i hope it helps the next person)


Splitting a PDF page in two I have a PDF file that was the result of the scan of a book.

In this file 2 pages of the book correspond to 1 in the PDF. So when I see a page in the PDF file I'm actually seeing 2 pages of the book.

(original)

I would like to know if there's any way to convert this file to another PDF where 1 page of the book corresponds to 1 page of the PDF i.e. the normal situation.

You can use mutool, a MuPDF command-line tool (sudo apt-get install mupdf-tools):

mutool poster -x 2 input.pdf output.pdf

You can also use -y if you want to perform a vertical split.

There is a wonderful program scankromsator. It is free and works quite well through wine. More information here.


How do I run specific sudo commands without a password? On one particular machine I often need to run sudo commands every now and then.
I am fine with entering password on sudo in most of the cases.

However there are three sudo commands I want to run without entering password:

sudo reboot
sudo shutdown -r now
sudo shutdown -P now

How can I exclude these commands from password protection to sudo?

Use the NOPASSWD directive

You can use the NOPASSWD directive in your /etc/sudoers file.

If your user is called user and your host is called host you could add these lines to /etc/sudoers:

user host = (root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown
user host = (root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot

This will allow the user user to run the desired commands on host without entering a password. All other sudoed commands will still require a password.

The commands specified in the sudoers file must be fully qualified (i.e. using the absolute path to the command to run) as described in the sudoers man page. Providing a relative path is considered a syntax error.

If the command ends with a trailing / character and points to a directory, the user will be able to run any command in that directory (but not in any sub-directories therein). In the following example, the user user can run any command in the directory /home/someuser/bin/:

user host = (root) NOPASSWD: /home/someuser/bin/

Note: Always use the command visudo to edit the sudoers file to make sure you do not lock yourself out of the system – just in case you accidentally write something incorrect to the sudoers file. visudo will save your modified file to a temporary location and will only overwrite the real sudoers file if the modified file can be parsed without errors.

Using /etc/sudoers.d instead of modifying /etc/sudoers

As an alternative to editing the /etc/sudoers file, you could add the two lines to a new file in /etc/sudoers.d e.g. /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown. This is an elegant way of separating different changes to the sudo rights and also leaves the original sudoers file untouched for easier upgrades.

Note: Again, you should use the command visudo to edit the file to make sure you do not lock yourself out of the system:

sudo visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown

This also automatically ensures that the owner and permissions of the new file is set correctly.

If sudoers is messed up

If you did not use visudo to edit your files and then accidentally messed up /etc/sudoers or messed up a file in /etc/sudoers.d then you will be locked out of sudo.

The solution could be to fix the files using pkexec which is an alternative to sudo.

To fix /etc/sudoers:

pkexec visudo

To fix /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown:

pkexec visudo -f /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown

If the ownership and/or permissions are incorrect for any sudoers file, the file will be ignored by sudo so you might also find yourself locked out in this situation. Again, you can use pkexec to fix this.

The correct permissions should be like this:

$ ls -l /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown
-r--r----- 1 root root 86 Jul 16 15:37 /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown

Use pkexec like this to fix ownership and permissions:

pkexec chown root:root /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown
pkexec chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/shutdown

Sorry but there's so much confusion over this and some really complicated answers, that i feel i must weigh in here before someone misunderstands and does something crazy.
Using visudo!!
Add the following lines to the config:
ALL ALL=NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot,/sbin/shutdown

This allows the commands, reboot and shutdown with any parameters to be executed from any user. The first "ALL" refers to the users, so it means ALL users. The second ALL refers to ALL hosts.
For a more verbose explanation see man sudoers as this provides further examples and these examples are several pages down but they are actually there if you dig deep enough.
Please stackexchange, just give simple, succinct answers.


How do I keep Geany's versions updated after installing it in my system? When will Geany 0.21 be in the repos, instead of Geany 0.20? Whose responsibility is it, Ubuntu or Geany?

I wasn't sure of where I could get packages information, so I just used Ask Ubuntu.

After the release of an Ubuntu version packages are only updated for security and big fixes. No further release is done for individual packages.

If you want to keep Geany up to date you need to add a PPA. Luckily Geany keeps a developers PPA that has the version you are looking for.

Install it by using these commands on a terminal

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:geany-dev/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install geany geany-plugins

No Need of PPA , you can directly install it by using below command from the terminal

sudo apt-get install geany geany-common

The current stable release is more than the mentioned version. If you are asking about the latest update then : https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/geany here you can check the latest version.

kmcet@ubuntu:~$ apt-cache policy geany
geany:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1.23.1+dfsg-1
  Version table:
     1.23.1+dfsg-1 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy/universe amd64 Packages
kmcet@ubuntu:~$


What's a command line way to find large files/directories to remove and free up space? Looking for a series of commands that will show me the largest files on a drive.

If you just need to find large files, you can use find with the -size option. The next command will list all files larger than 10MiB (not to be confused with 10MB):

find / -size +10M -ls

If you want to find files between a certain size, you can combine it with a "size lower than" search. The next command find files between 10MiB and 12MiB:

find / -size +10M -size -12M -ls

apt-cache search 'disk usage' lists some programs available for disk usage analysis. One application that looks very promising is gt5.

From the package description:

  Years have passed and disks have become larger and larger, but even on this incredibly huge harddisk era, the space seems to disappear over time. This small and effective programs provides more convenient listing than the default du(1). It displays what has happened since last run and displays dir size and the total percentage. It is possible to navigate and ascend to directories by using cursor-keys with text based browser (links, elinks, lynx etc.)

On the "related packages" section of gt5, I found ncdu. From its package description:

  Ncdu is a ncurses-based du viewer. It provides a fast and easy-to-use interface through famous du utility. It allows to browse through the directories and show percentages of disk usage with ncurses library.

You could also sort files by size:

find . -type f -exec du -h {} \; | sort -k1 -h

It finds only files and executes du -h for every file, which shows the size of the file. Lastly, we sort the output of find/du according to the first column (in human readable format).

The last printed file is the largest one.


Can I make Tab auto-completion case-insensitive in Bash? Ubuntu's Terminal uses case-sensitive auto-completion, as I suppose would be expected for Linux.

But I think it would often be more convenient to use a case-insensitive one instead, to save you having to be accurate while starting a name, and would probably be worth the extra false positives.  Is it possible to change this behaviour?

In order to make bash case-insensitive for to current user:

Run the following shell script in a terminal:

# If ~/.inputrc doesn't exist yet: First include the original /etc/inputrc
# so it won't get overriden
if [ ! -a ~/.inputrc ]; then echo '$include /etc/inputrc' > ~/.inputrc; fi

# Add shell-option to ~/.inputrc to enable case-insensitive tab completion
echo 'set completion-ignore-case On' >> ~/.inputrc

Start a new shell (reopen the terminal).

To Make the changes systemwide:

# add option to /etc/inputrc to enable case-insensitive tab completion for all users
echo 'set completion-ignore-case On' >> /etc/inputrc
# you may have to use this instead if you are not a superuser:
echo 'set completion-ignore-case On' | sudo tee -a /etc/inputrc

For details, see man bash . Yes it is a long page, but bash is a somewhat complex program, and if you want just search that page for "case-insensitive" to go to the relevant section. People usually learn bash one option at a time or one bash script at a time and it takes a long time to master all the nuances. Your interest may vary.

You can do this by setting a configuration variable for GNU readline, which is what handles the input in an interactive shell.
The variable needed is completion-ignore-case, and can be set directly in your bash session with:
bind "set completion-ignore-case on"

It can be enabled for all future bash sessions by putting set completion-ignore-case on into the users's ~/.inputrc file, or the system /etc/inputrc, to enable it for all users.  This is the initialisation file for readline.
(Note that ~/.inputrc probably doesn't exist, and you will have to create it, this will override the system copy at /etc/inputrc.  This has lots of useful key mappings configured, such as Ctrl-Left/Right.
The way to fix this problem is to put the line $include /etc/inputrc at the top of ~/.inputrc, e.g.:
$include /etc/inputrc

set completion-ignore-case on

Then either restart bash or reload inputrc, e.g. with Ctrlx,Ctrlr.)
More information about readline and inputrc can be found in man bash and man 3 readline.


Brightness issues on a Samsung N220 I updated my Ubuntu to 11.10 a few hours ago and the screen brightness keeps going up to the maximum and down to the minimum all the time on it's own. Sometimes it stops for a few minutes. And when I try to set it myself manually or when a few minutes has passed, it starts up again.
(I'm new in trying to fix my own problems, so I might not get the obvious things right away.)

I now restarted a couple of times and now I'm using a newer version of kernel and the brightness is now constantly down and can't be set manually.

My laptop is a Samsung N220. I bought it a little over a year ago. I still have Windows 7 Starter on it (it was originally on it), but I had Ubuntu put on it from the start.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:voria/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install samsung-backlight

please note that in 13.04 that last command has changed to

sudo apt-get install samsung-tools

Try putting this into the file /etc/rc.local:

setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=00

To set the brightness to maximum all the time. I don't know if it works for you but that did the charm for me.


"ImportError: No module named XKit.xutils" while removing nvidia-current My PC shuts down while upgrading from 12.04 to 12.10.
Everything seems to work but I can't install the missing updates. It always tells me to run apt-get install -f, but when I do so it just says:

Paketlisten werden gelesen... Fertig
Abhängigkeitsbaum wird aufgebaut
Statusinformationen werden eingelesen... Fertig
Abhängigkeiten werden korrigiert... Fertig
Die folgenden Pakete wurden automatisch installiert und werden nicht mehr benötigt:
  espeak gcc-4.6-base:i386 gir1.2-notify-0.7 libcamel-1.2-29 libebook-1.2-12
  libedataserver-1.2-15 libgconf2-4 libgnome-bluetooth8 libgnome-menu2
  libgnomekbd7 libgomp1:i386 libgweather-3-0 libimobiledevice2 libindicate5
  libkpathsea5 libpoppler19 libusbmuxd1 python-gmenu
Verwenden Sie »apt-get autoremove«, um sie zu entfernen.
Die folgenden zusätzlichen Pakete werden installiert:
  nvidia-current-updates xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
  xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-mga
  xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl
  xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb
  xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
Vorgeschlagene Pakete:
  xfonts-100dpi xfonts-75dpi gpointing-device-settings touchfreeze
  firmware-linux
Die folgenden Pakete werden ENTFERNT:
  nvidia-current
Die folgenden Pakete werden aktualisiert (Upgrade):
  nvidia-current-updates xserver-xorg-core xserver-xorg-input-evdev
  xserver-xorg-input-mouse xserver-xorg-input-synaptics
  xserver-xorg-input-vmmouse xserver-xorg-input-wacom
  xserver-xorg-video-cirrus xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xserver-xorg-video-mga
  xserver-xorg-video-neomagic xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
  xserver-xorg-video-openchrome xserver-xorg-video-qxl
  xserver-xorg-video-savage xserver-xorg-video-sis xserver-xorg-video-sisusb
  xserver-xorg-video-tdfx xserver-xorg-video-vesa xserver-xorg-video-vmware
20 aktualisiert, 0 neu installiert, 1 zu entfernen und 133 nicht aktualisiert.
8 nicht vollständig installiert oder entfernt.
Es müssen noch 0 B von 70,6 MB an Archiven heruntergeladen werden.
Nach dieser Operation werden 184 MB Plattenplatz freigegeben.
Möchten Sie fortfahren [J/n]? j
(Lese Datenbank ... 242727 Dateien und Verzeichnisse sind derzeit installiert.)
Entfernen von nvidia-current ...
Removing all DKMS Modules
Error! There are no instances of module: nvidia-current
295.40 located in the DKMS tree.
Done.
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/quirks-handler", line 26, in <module>
    import Quirks.quirkapplier
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Quirks/quirkapplier.py", line 26, in <module>
    import XKit.xutils
ImportError: No module named XKit.xutils
dpkg: Fehler beim Bearbeiten von nvidia-current (--remove):
 Unterprozess installiertes pre-removal-Skript gab den Fehlerwert 1 zurück
Trigger für bamfdaemon werden verarbeitet ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf.index...
Trigger für libc-bin werden verarbeitet ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place
Fehler traten auf beim Bearbeiten von:
 nvidia-current
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

When I try to remove nvidia-current it tells me to run apt-get install -f.

Do you guys have any idea? I don't want to reinstall my whole system, takes a lot of time to encrypt everything again and so on.

I had the same problem. Looks like /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/Quirks/quirkapplier.py reference xkit.xutils with this syntax : XKit.xutils (upper case at the begining)

I give a try to change it for a lower case syntax as I found some other references in other libraries with this syntax.

Try running:

sudo apt-get update -f
sudo apt-get -f install

If its not working install aptitude:

sudo apt-get install aptitude

and run

sudo apt-get safe-upgrade.

There is a solution of fixing broken packages here: trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/opencv_haartraining', which is also in package libopencv2.3-bin 2.3.1+svn6514+branch23-12~oneiric

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get install -f

If the problem of a broken package still exist the solution is to edit the dpkg status file manually.

sudo -H gedit /var/lib/dpkg/status  #you can use vi or nano instead of gedit

Locate the corrupt package, and remove the whole block of information about it and save the file.
I would personally recommend to everyone do fresh install instead of upgrading and make dedicated home folder so you will not lose any information when reinstalling ubuntu. I had a bad experience upgrading to new release... My notebook shut down during the process and there were errors simular to yours.


Software Center is stuck for Dropbox "applying changes" Possible Duplicate:
  Dropbox install stuck at 99%, how do I fix it? (and any dpkg errors)

I wanted to download and install Dropbox, but it has been stuck "applying changes" for almost an hour. I'm new to Ubuntu so I'm not sure how to cancel or restart it…
Thanks!

Try updating using the command line. Use the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nautilus-dropbox

If you encounter any error, please update your question accordingly.

Just wait a little, especially if you installed a heavy program / a lot of packages in addition to Dropbox.
If you already waited for a few minutes, try relaunching the Software Center.