How to find zombie process? System information as of Fri Mar  9 19:40:01 KST 2012

  System load:    0.59               Processes:           167
  Usage of /home: 23.0% of 11.00GB   Users logged in:     1
  Swap usage:     0%                 IP address for eth1: 192.168.0.1

  => There is 1 zombie process.

  Graph this data and manage this system at https://landscape.canonical.com/

10 packages can be updated.
4 updates are security updates.

Last login: Fri Mar  9 10:23:48 2012
a@SERVER:~$ ps auxwww | grep 'Z'
USER       PID %CPU %MEM    VSZ   RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
usera     13572  0.0  0.0   7628   992 pts/2    S+   19:40   0:00 grep --color=auto Z
a@SERVER:~$

How to find that zombie process?

To kill a zombie (process) you have to kill its parent process (just like real zombies!), but the question was how to find it.

Find the zombie (The question answered this part):

a@SERVER:~$ ps aux | grep 'Z'

What you get is Zombies and anything else with a Z in it, so you will also get the grep:

USER       PID     %CPU %MEM  VSZ    RSS TTY      STAT START   TIME COMMAND
usera      13572   0.0  0.0   7628   992 pts/2    S+   19:40   0:00 grep --color=auto Z
usera      93572   0.0  0.0   0      0   ??       Z    19:40   0:00 something

Find the zombie's parent:

a@SERVER:~$ pstree -p -s 93572

Will give you:

init(1)---cnid_metad(1311)---cnid_dbd(5145)

In this case you do not want to kill that parent process and you should be quite happy with one zombie, but killing the immediate parent process 5145 should get rid of it.

Additional resources on askubuntu:

What are zombie processes?
Is there any way to kill a zombie process without reboot?

To list process zombies, try this command:

ps j | awk '$7 ~ "Z"'

You may need to change $7 depending on your operating system.

This also will return the list of their parent process ids (PPID).

To try to kill the zombies (after testing the above command), try:

kill -9 $(ps j | awk 'NR>1 && $7 ~ "Z" {print $2}')

To identify their parents, try with pstree, like:

$ ps j | awk 'NR>1 && $7 ~ "T" {print $2}' | xargs -L1 pstree -sg
systemd(1)───sshd(1036)───sshd(2325)───sshd(2325)───bash(2383)───zombie(2430)
systemd(1)───sshd(1036)───sshd(2325)───sshd(2325)───bash(2383)───zombie(2431)
systemd(1)───sshd(1036)───sshd(2325)───sshd(2325)───bash(2383)───zombie(2432)


slow and unreliable wifi connection on HP 15 Touchsmart laptop I am running Lubuntu 14.10 Utopic on HP 15 Touchsmart laptop. It is installed alongside Windows 8 on the same machine.

While on Windows my wi-fi connection works just fine,on Lubuntu it is very slow (noticeably slower than on Windows) and it disconnects often.

I am looking for expert help with resolving this issue. I have no idea what to look for.

08:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
       RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 07)
09:00.0 Network controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
       RTL8188EE Wireless Network Adapter (rev 01)

Try changing the wireless channel which would helps you to get some good wireless speed

List the wireless extension with the command

iwconfig

Set your wireless channel in the router to 1 or 11 and save the router configuration and reboot it.

sudo iwconfig wlan0 channel #

#- Wireless channel number

Hope this helps!


How can I have inertia scrolling for my touchpad? I'd like to have inertia scrolling for my touchpad, how can I do this, thanks!

I believe the closest we have in Ubuntu is the 'Natural Scrolling' by Chalarampos. Natural Scrolling allows the direction of scrolling to be toggled.

Natural Scrolling has the following dependencies: (Click on the link to install)

couch-db python-desktopcouch-application gawk

Then download the .deb file and install it.

dl.dropbox.com/u/1111373/NaturalScrolling/naturalscrolling_0.2.4_all.deb

Well. First you have to know that inertial scrolling is patented by Apple. So it is almost impossible to have the same software installed. Then, as far as I know. The touchpad of an Apple laptop uses another technology than other brand laptops. The Apple touchpad's laptops can identify multitouch.


Command line tool to crop PDF files I am looking for an open source command line tool to crop PDF file just like we can do in Adobe Acrobat Pro. I have tried PdfTk, ImageMagick,  PyPDF, and GhostScript—all with no success so far.

I would suggest you take a look at PDFcrop.

If you wish to crop a pdf with left, top, right and bottom margins of 5, 10, 20, and 30 pt (points), then run

pdfcrop --margins '5 10 20 30' input.pdf output.pdf

in terminal. To actually crop something away, use negative values in the argument for crop. For example,

pdfcrop --margins '-50 -50 -50 -50' input.pdf output.pdf

crops 50 pts from the left, top, right, bottom (in this order).

If you run only the command pdfcrop input, it will output a file titled input-crop.pdf with zero margins. I find this very handy when including pdf illustrations in documents.

Cropping multiple files

Unfortunately, pdfcrop cannot crop multiple files at the time. It is however easy to write a script that will crop all pdfs in the folder the script is located in.

Create a new empty file, and call it something.sh. Open it with a text editor and insert the following:

#!/bin/bash
for FILE in ./*.pdf; do
  pdfcrop "${FILE}"
done

Save it, and close. Then right click the file, go to Properties > Permissions and check the field Allow executing file as program. Now close the dialog. Run the script by double clicking it and choosing Run in Terminal. And new, zero-margin cropped version of all pdfs with suffix -crop will now be printed in the folder. If you want margins or other things, you can of course just open the script and add arguments after pdfcrop.

You could use a pypdf script from this page. But in the answer to this stackexchange question, there seem to be many options as well.


Multiple versions of the same app on Ubuntu Software Centre? I already published my proprietary app on Ubuntu Software Centre (https://myapps.developer.ubuntu.com), and now I want to update it with the new version.

This time I wanted to upload multiple builds for a single app (one for Ubuntu 12.04 i386, one for Ubuntu 12.04. amd64, one for Ubuntu 11.10 i386, ...)
The problem is that it doesn't seem possible. New upload overwrites the old one.

Is it correct that the Software Centre only supports a single binary package per application ?
I could try creating the new app per build, but that seems like a wrong solution.

Any tips to solve the problem ?

MyApps isn't setup to handle the situation of separate binaries per arch/series.

I'd suggest just ensuring that all your binaries get to the reviewer and they'll handle uploading the correct binaries to the PPA for you (until myapps is updated to handle this situation).

Option 1: If your binaries are small, gzip them together to a single file and use the package upload field
Option 2: If they're large, it'll be easier to upload them somewhere else (Ubuntu1 or dropbox) and share them via a url, noting that in your myapps submission.
Option 3: (I need to check if this'd be OK, policy-wise) If your binaries will build fine on Launchpad's build service, create a PPA, find me on IRC (noodles775 on freenode) and we can privatise your PPA, then you can dput your source and have them built by LP for the distroseries/arches automatically.

Use Launchpad's PPA system - makes an easy Ubuntu repository. Go to launchpad.net. If you sign up, you should be able to add different builds for the same package.


Child windows on System Settings have become transparent For some reason the sub-windows from the System Settings have corrupted.  By this I mean the backgrounds, which were white, have now become transparent.  While jumping in and out of these child windows I noticed that the online accounts window had none of the accounts I had linked showing.  When I went to add an account, the window showed all the account icons as unavailable (you know, the ghostbusters crossed out ring), and then says 'gnome would like to share...' rather than Ubuntu.

I haven't tried adding gnome to this install.

I am using an Aspire V3-571 with an Intel Core i3 and Intel HD Graphics 3000. Just upgraded to Ubuntu 14.10.  Last thing I installed prior to noticing these effects was pulseaudio, but that may be a red herring.

Any help appreciated.

I tried adding a screen grab but this is my first time on here so my rep is to low.

sudo apt-get --reinstall install ubuntu-desktop

if this is not working use

sudo apt-get remove gnome-settings-daemon

and
after that

sudo apt-get --reinstall install gnome-settings-daemon
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

This solved my problem with the Ubuntu settings windows

You can execute this command in Terminal (use CTRL + ALT + T to launch Terminal):

sudo apt-get remove gnome-settings-daemon


Installing skype will not work - skype-bin not installable, and 'held broken packages' So, I am trying to install skype through apt-get, but after running into this problem multiple times, and trying to find a solution, it still doesn't work...

I tried all the answers here: Installing Skype on 12.04 64 bit causes errors, but I still get the error.  (my problem is exactly the same as that one, too)  I even went and edited the package status thing manually, and removed all references to 'skype' or 'skype-bin'.  I still get the problem...  I'm running ubuntu 12.10, as a dual-boot with windows 7.  It's a 64-bit computer.

I found the solution to this problem from a different post.

First a downgrade is required and done with the following:

create the 'preferences' file:

sudo vi /etc/apt/preferences

and insert the following lines:

Package: *
Pin: release a=quantal*
Pin-Priority: 2012

enter :wq to write the file. Pin-Priority must be greater than 1000.

Then you may downgrade the offending applications with:

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

That's it.

Now use sudo apt-get install skype

And it works!

Here is s SOLUTION that you can follow to get it resolved.
I came across this while installing skype, I solved it changing repository.
See it here

Then run update using update manager. After that you can install skype...

    sudo apt-get install skype


Tips to extend battery life for laptops and notebooks This question is present as a matter of historical interest.  While you are encouraged to help maintain its answers, please understand that "big list" questions are not generally allowed on Ask Ubuntu and will be closed per the FAQ.

It is possible to greatly extend the usage time of a laptop or netbook running on battery by disabling various services and installing various packages.

What tricks or tips do people have for getting an extra hour or two out of their batteries?

Use powertop to see which programs are doing unneeded background processing such as beagle/tracker, weather notifications, gnome-do, and (if you don't need the internet) network-manager, mail-notifications.

Run sudo powertop --auto-tune to set all tunable options to their GOOD settings.

if you want save battery life. click on the battery icon on the task bar then press power saver. really works. if ur gonna go somewhere your not going to use your internet switch if wifi and your internet connection. lower the screen brightness. mute the volume if your not gonna use volume . lower it or just mute it. don't put your laptop on something that's like a blanket bed dirty desk, etc. because these things can heat your laptop and make the fan work more so that will reduce battery energy too. hope this works!!! :)


How can I enable unity 3d on a Dell XPS 15 L502x? I am trying to get Unity 3d running on Ubuntu 11.10

I ran the test shared on this post
How to enable Unity 3D on an Nvidia Quadro 1000M

and I got this result:

me@Dell-Ubuntu:~$ /usr/lib/nux/unity_support_test -p
Xlib:  extension "GLX" missing on display ":0".
Xlib:  extension "GLX" missing on display ":0".
Xlib:  extension "GLX" missing on display ":0".
Error: unable to create the OpenGL context

I have a Dell XPS 15 L502x with Geforce 555M 1GB graphics card.

How can I enable Unity 3D with this setup? Thanks

Bumblebee and your graphics card were already largely discussed here. Have a look.

Basic recommendation is stay away from optimus, nvidia does not give driver support for linux on those yet!

The only methods known to do anything in your graphics is to disable the nvidia card with acpi calls, saves battery but that wont do any good on turning your unity3d on, you will be running with your default Intel card, which is also a very bad thing.

Graphics cards seem to have become a large issue with the 11.10 release. nVidia has been especially plagued with its fair share. The best you can do at this point is to upgrade the driver, restart, and attempt to test again.

Since nVidia is not an open source driver it's completely reliant on the company itself to fix this issue, which could take some time to do.


WiFi Intel AX210NGW cannot work under Ubuntu 16.04 I have installed a new wifi adapter (Intel AX210NGW) on a Dell Latitude E5470 laptop, running Ubuntu 16.04.3 LTS, Kernel: 4.10.0-28-generic, but the system does not recognize it ("WiFi adapter not found").
Although the driver provided by Intel’s official website indicated that the network card requires Kernel 5.10+, I also noticed someone mentioning that AX210 can be installed in Ubuntu 16.04 and used normally. Through lspci, the hardware of the network card can be shown correctly. Is there any way to use AX210 network card under 16.04.3 with kernel 4.10?

You find the Linux driver for intel ax210 on follow page:
https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000005511/wireless.html
The kernel version on this table only mean the driver was tetsted by intel by this kernel version. Dont mean its need this kernel version or this kernel version at minimum. Thats what intel say by self about this on abut equal AX200 driver webpage. A they are arguments too to use newer kernel for devices which offer WPA3 and so on.
A my Recommendation is to use a more actual Ubuntu or Linux Mint like version like pe. 19.x or Linux Mint 20.x. If you do this, you dont have the driver problem. And on newer Linux versions, you have additional menue items for WPA3 and BT. Thats also missing part, dont change by update the driver.


Why is Skype a `top` process after the application was closed? If the Skype application has been exited via closing the window, why is it visible in top with usage sometimes at 2%?

Note also that it is absent from the Status Bar at the top of the screen. The Skype icon on the Launcher is showing no white dot as would be the case for open applications.

Closing the window doesn't shutdown the program. It merely sends it to the background. The process is still there and your session is still open/alive.

Use the Menu Skype > Exit (or Quit) to actually close Skype.

Or you can find a process and manually kill it, like
kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep skype)
or:
pkill skype


How to clean up dev/sda1 as it's full I've been doing jmeter tests and have had a few OutOfMemoryExceptions, so I've bumped up the heap memory in JMeter. But now it seems I can't run anymore tests as it says I'm using 94.9% of 14Gb.

When I use df -h it says dev/sda1 is full

I was wondering if anyone can help me? I think it has to do with the JVM from the jmeter

Start by tracking down where the excess usage is being stored.  If you have no idea, start from the mountpoint for /dev/sda1:

mount | grep sda1

Use the du command.  If /dev/sda1 is mounted on /  ("root"):

du --max-depth=1 --human-readable / | sort --human-numeric-sort

This will list the first level of directories contained in the specified path, in order from smallest to largest. You can increase the depth past 1 to get details of the subdirectories, or change the path to specify a single directory.  You can also use the short flags.

For instance, if your username is ubuntu and you want to inspect your home directory:

du -d1 -h /home/ubuntu | sort -h

In my case, running the command

sudo apt autoremove

solved the problem.


How can I change the name "Rubbish Bin" to "Trash" (or "Recycle") A recent update (Ubuntu 10.04) has caused my Trash bin to be renamed to "Rubbish Bin".. I don't like this new name. How can I change it?

I've tried: gconf-editor -> apps/nautilus/desktop -> trash_icon_name
but that didn't work.

Also, $HOME/.config/user-dirs.dirs has no entry for the Trash directory...

There is an option to select the interface language at the login screen. I've just tried loggin out and selecting Australian English, and now have the 'Rubbish Bin' in Nautilus. Select English USA and you should get 'Trash'.

have you tried going to system settings > language support and putting english at the top of list? (u need to log out and log back in for these settings to take effect)


fedora missing in grub inside ubuntu I have ubuntu and fedora beside each other and I use both of them but now fedora missing and ubuntu run.
what should I do?It's very important for me

Fedora's default install uses LVM. Some with multiple booting suggest not to use the LVM as the advantages of LVM are best when entire drive is LVM.

But Ubuntu does not include LVM driver by default. And mount Fedora partition and then run the update grub.

sudo apt-get install lvm2
sudo vgchange -a y
sudo update-grub

there is a software called easy bcd easy bcd software for windowswhich helps in recovering the grub .u can edit the entries in grub too.
this software belongs to windows but u can use it through wine


I can't update the clamav antivirus I was updating the clamav antivirus defenitons with the sudo freshclam command and the output was:

ERROR: /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log is locked by another process
ERROR: Problem with internal logger (UpdateLogFile = /var/log/clamav/freshclam.log).

This is likely to be because the update is currently being run automatically, or you are running it somewhere else (you would know about this). You can change how often it is run automatically, and also stop it being run automatically by running the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure clamav-freshclam

After completing the setup you will be able to run sudo freshclam without error (unless you set it to cron and you happen to execute the command at the time it automatically checks).

Another thing to do is to edit the /var/log/clamav/freshclam. conf file and change the 1 to 0. This is the only datavthat you will see in the file,  if not LEAVE IT ALONE!!!!!!  and wait.

Do this ONLY IF THE OTHER  SOLUTIONS  DO NOT WORK!
While this is a drastic step, what it does is to tell Freshclam that it hasn't run yet.

REMEMBER THIS IS ONLY THE FINAL SOLUTION if the other  suggestions  do not work.


Ubuntu 13.04: Set Terminator as default terminal emulator with nautilus "open terminal" I have upgraded to Ubuntu 13.04 a few days ago.
With Ubuntu 12.10 I had set the default terminal with:

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec /usr/bin/terminator
gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.default-applications.terminal exec-arg "-x"

I had set it with sudo update-alternatives --config x-terminal-emulator too.

But none of these options work on Ubuntu 13.04.

How can I set Terminator as default terminal emulator with nautilus "open terminal"?

This isn't a duplicate. As I've said: the solutions in How can I set default terminal used in Unity? doesn't work on Ubuntu 13.04 with nautilus "open terminal".
My question is: "Set Terminator as default terminal emulator WITH NAUTILUS "OPEN TERMINAL" on Ubuntu 13.04"

Here's how to add an 'Open in Terminator' option:

Install 'Nautilus-Actions Configuration Tool'

sudo apt-get install nautilus-actions

In 'Nautilus-Actions Configuration Tool', add a new rule with the following (as a guidance):

In the Actions tab, tick both boxes and select an appropriate name (e.g. Open in Terminator):

In the Command tab, set:

Path: terminator
Parameters: --working-directory=%f

In the Mimetypes tab, set:

Mimetype filter: inode/directory

Go to File > Save to save the rule and you're all set.

I recommend that you also change the preferences in Nautious-Actions Configuration Tool to get rid of the two level context menu by unticking the following in Edit > Preferences:

(untick) Create a root 'Nautilus-Actions' menu
(untick) Add an 'About Nautious-Actions'  item in the Nautilus context menus

Log out and Log in again.

Now you're all set and should see a 'Open in Terminator' option if you right-click in Nautilus.

sudo apt-get install terminator && sudo apt-get remove gnome-terminal && sudo ln /usr/bin/terminator /usr/bin/gnome-terminal


Black screen after grub menu since 3.16.0-36 kernel update After updating Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS (64 bit) from kernel version 3.16.0-34 to 3.16.0-36, when I boot the system I can see the grub menu correctly, but if I choose the 3.16.0-36 kernel a black screen appears not the login screen.

Booting from the 3.16.0-36-recovery mode works and if I select to resume booting it goes on normally till login and Unity desktop loading, though graphics performance is much slower than usual.
Booting from the 3.16.0-34 works without any problems.

I have waited for the 3.16.0-37 update to see if something changes but I got the same behavior as with 3.16.0-36.

Here there are details of my system:

OS: Ubuntu 14.04.2 LTS 64 bit

(installed it directly from the 14.04.2 iso, so this is not an upgrade from 14.04.1) + Win7 Pro 64 bit in dual boot
Laptop model: HP Zbook 14 G2, Intel i7 5500u processor, 16 GB of RAM
Graphics: Intel HD 5500u Integrated +   AMD FirePro m4150 1GB GDDR5 discrete.

(note that I have no proprietary driver installed and the system is currently working on the Intel graphics with open source drivers; I have also the radeon 7.4.0 open source drivers formally installed, but they do not seem to recognize the AMD card which is therefore actually disabled).

Install the 3.16.0-37.51 kernel (notice the 51) that released yesterday with apt-get update and upgrade. It worked for my broadwell cpu.

Every Broadwell is affected.

I have the same problem (blank screen when booting my broadwell-based thinkpad) under trusty. My current work-around is to use the previous kernel 3.16.0-34, or, to boot with -36 in recovery mode and then choose 'resume normal boot' (which then goes through fine).

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1449401


Lubuntu hotspot starts up and then disconnects I'm need to use my laptop (with lubuntu 12.04) as a WiFi hotspot.

I created the wifi hotspot via "Create new wireless network" from the network connections menu.

The hotspot comes up and then disconnects. I can see this on my Android phone and tablet. I installed WiFi analyser and shows the new network coming up.
Then suddenly after 2-3 minutes the new WiFi network dissapears from the air.

Any ideas, suggestions?

I don't have an android, so you'll have to test this on your own, but I ran across this page. They say that Android doesn't show ad hoc networks. It finds them in the search, then filters them out.

There's a patch on the site which prevents the filtering.

Again, I haven't tested it, but it might put you on the right track. Let us know if it works for you!

Your device must be connected to a wired network (i.e., via Ethernet cable).


Winetricks fails to find program files directory I installed a fresh copy of Ubuntu 12 desktop then:

Installed WINE from the Ubuntu Software Center.
Installed WineTricks from the Ubuntu Software Center.

When I type the following commands in the terminal:

sudo winetricks dotnet40

I get this error message:

wine cmd.exe /c echo '%ProgramFiles%' returned empty string

If i try the command without sudo

winetricks dotnet40

The output is as follows

Executing w_do_call dotnet40
Executing load_dotnet40
------------------------------------------------------
dotnet40 does not yet fully work or install on wine.  Caveat emptor.
------------------------------------------------------
Executing mkdir -p /home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks/dotnet40
mkdir: cannot create directory `/home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks/dotnet40': Permission denied
------------------------------------------------------
Note: command 'mkdir -p /home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks/dotnet40' returned status 1.  Aborting.
------------------------------------------------------

My current user is vectoruser which i use to logon to Ubuntu

The output of

ls -ld /home/vectoruser /home/vectoruser/.cache /home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks

Gives:

drwxr-xr-x 32 vectoruser vectoruser 4096 Aug  2 19:26 /home/vectoruser
drwx------ 19 vectoruser vectoruser 4096 Aug  2 19:25 /home/vectoruser/.cache
drwxr-xr-x  2 root       root       4096 Aug  2 18:09 /home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks

This is a permissions problem as a result of having previously run Winetricks as root (with sudo). Winetricks was never intended to be run as root.

You can see from ls -ld that the Winetricks cache folder is owned by root:

drwxr-xr-x  2 root       root       4096 Aug  2 18:09 /home/vectoruser/.cache/winetricks

To fix this, you can run this command in a terminal to restore ownership to yourself:

sudo chown -R $USER:$USER "$HOME/.cache"

Open a terminal using Ctrl+Alt+t and then type:

sudo -i

and then type your password and then:

initiate winetricks


In Ubuntu 17.10, how can I add entries to the right click context menu, like "open in terminal"? After updating to Ubuntu 17.10 my mouse right-click pop up menu is minimal.  This is after logging in using Ubuntu Xorg (see image)  How do I go about adding more entries, in particular, Open Terminal?  I'm now using Ctrl-Alt-T which is fine, but curious how to update the pop up menu.

I had a similar problem: after upgrade to 17.10 application windows did not show the context menu when right clicking in the title bar. I solved this with Gnome Tweak Tool:

Under Windows > Action on title bar > Secondary-click set it to Menu.

This is only for laptop user(using your touch pad)sorry I don't know how to do it in desktop. Base on my experienced on ubuntu17.10, yes there is no right click context menu pop-up. But I've discovered the solution for that all you have to do is to select the icon or item you prefer then tap your double finger to touch pad pointing to the selected item, then yea it will pop-up the menu..hope it helps..:)


how can i use a domain to point to my server? Lets say I have a new domain I just purchased:

Www.server.domain.com

And I want that to access my server from anywhere.

At home, my ip is static, 192.168.2.47, but I dont really know where to go from there.

Im using Ubuntu 13.10 as my server machine.

This is a general DOMAIN NAME  question not specific for Ubuntu.

You need to login to your registrar account and create an A record for server.domain.com pointing to your home static public IP address provided by your ISP/Telco. The 192.168.2.47 is a private ip address therefore you can't point your domain name A record into it.

First. Go to Google and search whats my ip. It will show u what the ip to your router is.

Second. Go to where ever u bought your domain from and Pont it to the ip you got for your router.

Third. Go into your router and into port forwarding(depends on router on what it is called). And forward to the ip of your servers local ip. And for the port use 80 on start and end port.

Then when u type in your domain name( www.metrikcorp.com is mine that runs on my servers in my house.)it should take you to your server.

P.S. depending on your internet provider and what kinda package you have with them. most internet providers block port 80 unless you have  business grade internet.
You will also need a http server(I use apache2) on that machine.
Hope this helps


SSH returns: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-dss I am accustomed to using Putty on a Windows box or an OSX command line terminal to SSH into a NAS, without any configuration of the client.

Ubuntu 16.04 attempts to SSH into the NAS (via LAN):

ssh root@192.168.8.109

Unable to negotiate with 192.168.8.109 port 22: no matching host key type found. Their offer: ssh-dss

Is this result / response intentional?
Is there a simple correction that enables SSH access to the NAS?

The version of OpenSSH included in 16.04 disables ssh-dss. There's a neat page with legacy information that includes this issue: http://www.openssh.com/legacy.html

In a nutshell, you should add the option -oHostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-dss to the SSH command:

ssh -oHostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-dss root@192.168.8.109

You can also add a host pattern in your ~/.ssh/config so you don't have to specify the key algorithm every time:

Host nas
  HostName 192.168.8.109
  HostKeyAlgorithms=+ssh-dss

This has the added benefit that you don't need to type out the IP address. Instead, ssh will recognize the host nas and know where to connect to. Of course you can use any other name in its stead.

For me this added into .ssh\config worked:

Host *
HostkeyAlgorithms +ssh-dss
PubkeyAcceptedKeyTypes +ssh-dss


How can I update the firmware on a DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB adapter? I am using DWM-156 HSUPA 3.75G USB ADAPTER.Its hardware version is A6 and Firmware version is 6.0.0WW.I have purchased the modem one month back.Using this i am not able to receive call or make call.

One my friend purchased the same product recently.He is able to receive call and make call.His Firmware Version is 6.0.0IN.Is any body know how can i update it or is any other option?

You can download the software from this site. It's available in the Support+Downloads tab.


How to read systemd journal file on system that has no systemd? I am trying to troubleshoot a system (Arch Linux) that had systemd installed.

The volume has been mounted on an Ubuntu system (14.04) that has no systemd installed.

How can I troubleshoot said systemd journal without switching the host box to systemd?

apt-get install journalctl does not work.

chroot into the Arch Linux system:

cd /location/of/arch/root
chroot /location/of/arch/root /bin/bash

journalctl looks for the journal files in /var/log/journal/machine-id/. If you boot up with a rescue OS that has a different machine ID or a different root it hence won't find any data there.

Hence,

a) use journalctl --directory=/var/log/journal/<machine-id>

b) or journalctl -m

The "-m" swicth merges the journals of all directories in /var/log/journal/*, hence makes it unnecessary to figure out the machine id of the host.

Source

the command line partition recovery program called TestDisk should allow some manipulation to the systemd (Arch Linux) volume

this not not a full or "good" solution. but TestDisk can

Rebuild a partition table, recover deleted partition
Locate the ext2/ext3/ext4 Backup SuperBlock
Copy files from deleted a ext2/ext3/ext4 partition.
handle a non-partitioned volume
Rewrite the Master boot record (MBR)

give it a try.

$ sudo apt-get install testdisk

start it

$ sudo testdisk

press  Enter  to create a new log & select the disk with the volume you want to manipulation
select the partition table type.  yours is Intel
from here you can

view  files
Copy files

hope it helps


Arduino IDE code upload problem I have ubuntu 18.04 with the Arduino IDE .
The problem I always have is that when I want to upload a code and connect the USB cable from arduino to laptop ,I always get the same error:

The error:

An error occurred while uploading the sketch
avrdude: ser_open(): can't open device "/dev/ttyACM0": Device or resource busy

I always check the port in IDE.
I have the 1.8.12 version ,I tested it with other versions ,but I had the same error.
With windows ,I didn't have this problem.
Why is this happening and how can I solve it?
It's very bad problem and I have to push the upload button(in IDE -> Ctrl+U) many times or to remove and then put again the cable in pc a lot of times .
So it takes me a minute to do all this thing
What should I do?
I'm desperate and angry with this problem.

Note: The same problem appeared with Ubuntu 19.04.

By the way,arduino IDE compile FASTER a big code than windows.
Ιncredible different time!!!
Thanks!!!

The ModemManager can conflict with /dev/ttyACM0. You have two options:
Disable ModemManager temporarily
systemctl stop ModemManager.service

This will stop ModemManager until the next reboot. You will need to run this command every time you reboot your computer.
Remove ModemManager completely
You can remove ModemManager completely, but this means you will not be able to use any modem with Ubuntu anymore. So if you use a USB modem for internet, do not remove the ModemManager.
This is what ModemManager does:

ModemManager is a DBus-activated daemon which controls mobile broadband (2G/3G/4G) devices and connections. Whether built-in devices, USB dongles, bluetooth-paired telephones, or professional RS232/USB devices with external power supplies, ModemManager is able to prepare and configure the modems and setup connections with them.

If you are sure you will never use a Modem, run the following command to remove the modem completely:
sudo apt-get --purge remove modemmanager

After you write your code and compile it, open the terminal.
If your port is, say, ttyACM0, run this:

ls /dev/ttyACM0
sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyACM0

Enter your password at the prompt and hit Enter. And now, you're good to go and upload the code


The right place to install GRUB bootloader and the best configuration to install Ubuntu (and something else) I know the question could be a bit repeated, but I've seen so many tutorials and opinions so I prefer to post about my facts (or problem, depending the point of view):

I've successfully booted up Ubuntu 16.04.1 from my USB in my UEFI laptop, even with SecureBoot enabled, only disabling FastBoot from Windows 10. But I still have a few questions about installation:

My computer has four partitions (EFI/Bootloader partition, Recovery Partition, OS Partition (where Windows 10 is), DATA Partition (only generic data, nothing else). Do I need to install Ubuntu from the "Something Else" option?
And my biggest doubt: Do I need to install GRUB bootloader at the same Windows Boot Partition (EFI Partition), or do I need to create a second "Boot" partition for the GRUB bootloader?
Some tutorials give the first option, others give the second, that's why I have the doubt.

Also some issues I had at my Ubuntu Live Session were:

Touchpad from my laptop doesn't work: Probably some issue from Asus drivers (Wi-Fi worked out of the box, and at first impression graphics and sound were working fine). The touchpad was detected at Terminal, but it wasn't working.
CPU status LEDs (Battery, Disk Activity, Airplane Mode) working incorrectly: I don't know if this one can be an issue for not disabling SecureBoot, but LED status indicators were not working correctly. The "Airplane Mode" LED was turned on, while no "Airplane Mode" was enabled". The "Disk Activity" LED was not even turned on.
Screen Brightness at maximum capacity:  I remember at older Ubuntu installations (on my old computer) similar problems, but I'm not pretty sure why it was caused.

My computer: Asus X556U, 1 TB HDD, 8 GB RAM, Intel Core i7 6200U, two graphic cards (Intel integrated and Nvidia GeForce 940M)

I have been using Ubuntu for a while at VM, but I just don't want to jump to a physical install because my last time I had some issues with my old computer (I messed up Ubuntu and Windows), so I want your guide and opinions. All help will be welcomed.

Installation

If you have Windows installed on your system, and you're trying to install Ubuntu, firstly, make sure you have enough unallocated space on your HDD.
If you don't, try shredding the available partitions using Windows settings.Then, plug your bootable ubuntu CD/flash drive.
 Most probably Ubuntu will detect the free space and the installation of Windows on your machine. It will display an option of "Install Ubuntu alongside Windows 10" in the installation menu. Then, you wouldn't have to select the Something Else option. You can go ahead and install Ubuntu without a thought.
 Through Something Else option, one can manually select the free space part of HDD where you want to install Ubuntu. This option may/may not recognise pre-existing Windows installation.
 The GRUB/bootloader will take care of itself after a successful Ubuntu installation. Most probably, you will be greeted with a GRUB menu on reboot, where you can select Ubuntu/Windows to boot into.

Touchpad

There is probably some problem with the driver of your touchpad.
 To resolve this issue, after the installtion of Ubuntu, use shortcuts/external mouse to reach the Setting->Software&Updates->Additional Driver and look for an alternate driver for your touchpad.


12.04 boots to command line after running Ubuntu Tweek Janitor I've looked through various answers to this, but none has solved my problem.  Here are the specifics:

I ran Ubuntu Tweak Janitor to clean up some old kernels (I still left some) as well as caches and old configuration files (all under the System portion of the Janitor section).  I also clean-out some program cache stuff (also under Janitor).  Upon reboot, I got a surprise:

I only boot to the command line and can login via command line
At the login prompt I get iptables-restore: line 59 failed Problem running '/lib/ufw/user.rules'

I also get messages every few seconds with a number sequence one states: "Asking for cache data failed" and the other states "Assuming drive cache: write through"

Once hitting Enter, I can log-in but remain at the command prompt.

At the prompt, I've tried:

Ctrl-Alt-F7 (seems to do something then just stops - usually at "checking battery state")
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop xorg build-essential: I get a message that nothing installed as the most current version is already installed.
startx (results in X: cannot stat /etc/X11/X (No such file or directory), aborting.
tried starting with other kernels (same result)
Tried part of suggestion here: "/etc/X11/X not executable" error when startx - When running the sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade I got the following:

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permissioin denied)

E: Unable to lock the adminsitration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

I then tried the sudo apt-get installs --reinstall xserver-xorg - made no difference.  I didn't try the last command as I'm not sure it applies to my system and didn't want to make things worse (let me know if is something I should do).

Please help me fix whatever messed up so I can get my GUI back.  I'm betting it's a simple fix but I can't figure it out!

*sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop, xorg, and build-essential (I get a message that nothing installed as the most current version is already installed)

for this try to add the --reinstall option:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop xorg build-essential

For the error:

  Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permissioin denied)

you can simply remove the lock like:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

(if you are not running any other program that install or updates the system)


Owner of /usr/lib is not root Virtualbox program error:

  Failed to open a session for the virtual machine .... Failed to load
  VMMR0.r0 (VERR_SUPLIB_OWNER_NOT_ROOT).

Terminal output:

balazs@inspiron:/usr$ ls -l
total 164
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root   69632 Oct 12 12:27 bin
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root    4096 Apr 24 19:04 games
drwxr-xr-x  81 root   root   12288 Sep 29 11:57 include
drwxr-xr-x 200 balazs balazs 36864 Oct 12 12:27 lib
drwxr-xr-x   4 root   root    4096 May 23 10:43 lib32
drwxr-xr-x  12 root   root    4096 Oct  3 14:02 local
drwxr-xr-x   2 root   root   12288 Oct 10 19:17 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 337 root   root   12288 Oct 12 12:27 share
drwxr-xr-x  11 root   root    4096 Oct 12 12:27 src

I didn't changed anything. Maybe some other installed software screwed things up. But I think /usr/lib should be owned by root.
Inside the folder everything is owned by root.

balazs@inspiron:/usr/lib$ ls -l | less
total 196232
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:03 accountsservice
drwxr-xr-x  7 root   root         4096 Jul 16 12:49 ADM_plugins
drwxr-xr-x  3 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:04 aisleriot
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:04 apg
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root         4096 May 28 01:50 apr-util-1
drwxr-xr-x  4 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:02 apt
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root        12288 Apr 24 19:03 aspell
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:03 at-spi2-core
-rw-r--r--  1 root   root        34512 Jul 11 07:51 attica_kde.so
drwxr-xr-x  2 root   root         4096 Apr 24 19:04 avahi

How should I fix this ?

I fear I'll break my OS. I did sudo chown on that folder once and I had to reinstall everyting because sudo wasn't owned by root etc. ( a year ago ) I decided not to use Virtualbox, but now I need it.
Any help?

Use chown to change the owner:

sudo chown root:root /usr/lib

This will change the owner of /usr/lib directory to root.

You can try this command:

sudo chmod 4711 /usr/lib/virtualbox/Virtualbox

Here is the link that solved my problem witch is similar to yours.

Hope this will solve your problem.


Compress and split files in the file explorer If you right click a file in Nautilus and select Compress, then you get a dialog where you can choose a compression format and a filename. If you click on Advanced, then there are settings to split and compress the file, but it's deactivated/insensitive. How come and how do I activate those features?

Edit: In an answer below, it has been suggested that it has something to do with rar. But I have that installed, and I don't get the options to split.

Only some archiving tools support splitting. One of them is RAR -- package rar (but it's shareware and you need to buy it after 40 days -- Shareware in Ubuntu repositories? (RAR)) and another is for example 7zip -- package p7zip-full. You need to install one of them (I suggest 7zip because it's completely free).

You can also create a sigle archive and then split it into parts using split command (or HJSplit for GUI).

Using p7zip-full, as Vojtech Trefny suggested, works, but didn't enable me to choose rar as compression method. Neither did unrar. However, installing the package "rar" does present that option, and if you open Advanced, all options are sensitive.


No PPD file while trying to install Canon imageClass MF8380 cdw I am trying to install driver for Canon imageClass mf8380 cdw using these instructions:

Installing Canon Color imageCLASS MF8380Cdw Drivers in Ubuntu 12.10

Everything goes fine until I have to provide a PPD file. The directory /etc/cups/ppd is empty and I am unable to find the PPD file anywhere.

Is there an alternate way of installing this driver or does anyone know where I can find the PPD file?

I found the solution. With Ubuntu, unlike Debian (which I used previously) the driver provided by Canon actually works. When I installed it, it did not configure fully because it had a dependency on a missing package. I installed the package using sudo apt-get install and everything worked.

Editor's Note:

A dependency problem of missing package generally can be fixed with this command.

sudo apt-get -f install

These problems mostly occur when a package is installed via dpkg -i command


starting the laptop after sleep while using windows -- grub opens up instead I am currently dual booting Windows and Ubuntu. I am not sure if this is an installation error but when I am using Windows and put my laptop to sleep (ie. by closing the lid for a long time), when I open up my computer, the grub page opens instead of the windows sign-in page. But when I click on "windows" in the grub page, it takes me back to the windows log-on and everything that I've been working on before putting my computer to sleep (not hibernate!) is still there.

But when I use ubuntu and out my computer to sleep, this issue does not pop up. Can anyone tell me how to fix this?

Just went through the linked article and after a few hits and trials thought I would clear up some of the confusion with the exact procedure I followed to get it working.

Install GParted using

sudo apt-get install gparted

Find the partition among the listed ones (has msftdata flag set)
Image from my system

Right click > Manage Flags

Set the legacy_boot flag.
Set the highlighted flag

Close, and you are done!

Next time you boot into Windows and wake it from sleep, you will directly be taken to the login screen.


How to understand the Ubuntu file system layout? In Windows there’re perhaps only a couple of important folders (by important I mean important in my logical picture of the Windows file system) in the installation drive (in my case C:\). Namely Program Files and Windows. I simply stay away from Windows folder and the “add remove program files” is good enough to handle the program files folder of Windows. Of course there’s a folder named Users where the users (who are not admins) can access only their folders.

Thus there’s a clear picture at some level in my mind of the Windows file system. In Ubuntu, when I reach the location /, there’s a huge list of folders, most of which I have no clue as to what they contain. The /bin folder seems to be the equivalent of the Windows folder in windows. The /usr folder seems like it’s the equivalent of the Users folder in Windows. But even the /home folder looks like it can fit the bill.

Please understand that I do understand, that Ubuntu (Linux) has a different character than that of Windows, i.e., there need not be exact equivalent of Windows functions, in Ubuntu. All I am looking for is a bit more clearer picture of the Ubuntu file system.

 This question is a part of a bigger question which I am splitting up to make it more answerable. The original question can be found here:
http://sgsawant.wordpress.com/2012/05/17/whats-the-equivalent-of-add-or-remove-programs-in-ubuntu/

You can read up on this on for instance wikipedia. An excerpt:

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) defines the main directories and their contents in Linux operating systems. For the most part, it is a formalization and extension of the traditional BSD filesystem hierarchy.
The FHS is maintained by the Linux Foundation, a non-profit organization consisting of major software and hardware vendors, such as HP, Red Hat, IBM and Dell.
The current version is 3.0, released on June 3, 2015.

A visual representation with a short description:

Basically Linux has divided the directory structure based on the function of what is needed to make the system as secure as possible with the minimum amount of permissions needed. Otherwise someone is bound to have to do alot of avoidable work.
Remember that Unix and Linux where made as multi-user systems and Windows was created for a single user. Everything else can be explained from that idea. You can explain every directory when thinking about it being multi-user and security.
3 examples:

You will see that files and directories that are admin only are gathered in the same directory: the s in /sbin and /usr/sbin and /usr/local/sbin stands for system. A normal user can not even start programs that are in there. Files a normal user can start are in /bin, /usr/bin, /usr/local/bin based on where it most logically should reside. But if they are admin only they should go to the s version of that directory.
There is a famous utility called fuser. You can kill processes with it. If a normal user could use this (s)he would be able to kill your session.

The same goes for /home: /home/user1 is property of user1. /home/user2 is property of user2. user2 has no business doing stuff in user1's home (and the other way around is also true: user1 has no business doing stuff in user2's home). If all the files would be in /home with no username underneath it you would have to give permissions to every file and asses if someone is allowed to write/remove those files. A nightmare if you have tens of users.

Addition regarding libraries.
/lib/, /usr/lib/, and /usr/local/lib/ are the original locations, from before multilib
systems existed and the exist to prevent breaking things. /usr/lib32, /usr/lib/64, /usr/local/lib32/, /usr/local/lib64/ are 32-/64-bit multilib inventions.

It is not a static concept by any means. Other Linux flavours made tweaks to this lay-out. For instance; currently you will see debian and Ubuntu changing a lot in the lay-out of the FHS since SSD is better off with read only files. There is a movement towards a new lay-out where files are split in to a 'read only' and a 'writable' directory/group so we can have a root partition that can be mounted read only (partition for a ssd) and writable (sata hdd).
The new directory that is used for this (not in the image) is /run/.

Ubuntu (like all UNIX-like systems) organizes files in a hierarchical tree, where relationships are thought of in teams of children and parent. Directories can contain other directories as well as regular files, which are the "leaves" of the tree. Any element of the tree can be references by a path name; an absolute path name starts with the character / (identifying the root directory, which contains all other directories and files), then every child directory that must be traversed to reach the element is listed, each separated by a / sign.

A relative path name is one that doesn't start with /; in that case, the directory tree is traversed starting from a given point, which changes depending on context, called the current directory. In every directory, there are two special directories called . and .., which refer respectively to the directory itself, and to its parent directory.

The fact that all files and directories have a common root means that, even if several different storage devices are present on the system, they are all seen as directories somewhere in the tree, once they are mounted to the desired place

Find examples and more information here:


How to connect to internet using wired PPPOE connection? I tried following the Internet how-to guide to connect to my ISP, but I got stuck after the instruction to run sudo pppoeconf. It asks for my ISP account password, when I try to enter it, no text appears on the screen, and when I press enter, it says that the password is incorrect. But, I am sure that the password is the same one I am using in Windows 7.

Please let me know how to proceed further?

Just follow these steps:

Check that the ethernet cable is properly connected
Open Terminal
Run sudo pppoeconf
Enter root password
Answer all the question that will be asked with an answer "Yes"
Finally type pon dsl-provider

To stop connection run poff dsl-provider

You have to ask your ISP about the configuration parameters of the router. Most of the time, the routers are configured by opening a browser (i.e. Firefox) and entering 192.168.1.1 (or any address asigned to the router). Once in, you have to type the admin username and password, then you'll be able to configure the router properly using its interface (GUI). But, remember, first of all, call/contact your ISP and ask for the configuration parameters.
Admin username and password is the same no matter if you're on Windows or Ubuntu, because you are configuring the router not your system.


Accidentally uninstalled current linux image, can't get system to boot I was having trouble clearing out old linux images because my boot partition was full (couldn't do apt autoremove), so I was removing them manually with dpkg.  When doing that I accidentally removed my current linux image.  Now I can't boot the system.  I've tried lots of GRUB purge / reinstall ideas and none of them seem to work.

I did boot-repair which also failed, and gave me this paste link to share.  Anyone have some clues as to what I can do?

http://paste.ubuntu.com/26195007/

what i think is there is no issue regarding kernel image but the problem is with grub as this line from the pastebin says

grub-probe: error: cannot find a GRUB drive for /dev/sdc1.  Check your device.map.

and when use check /dev/sdc1

sdc1: __________________________________________________________________________

File system:       iso9660
Boot sector type:  Unknown
Boot sector info:
Mounting failed:   mount: /dev/sda1 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sda1 busy

mount: /dev/sdb1 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sdb1 busy
mount: /dev/sdc1 is already mounted or /mnt/BootInfo/sdc1 busy

you are using a live cd to repair the grub error which cannot be resolved sda1 is already mounted

the safest and easiest possible solution which i know is reinstall ubuntu


How to start a terminal with certain text already input on the command-line? Rather than rephrasing my question, let me describe to you the desired user-case:

I create a short shell-script to run command "gnome-terminal --someoptionflagname 'my text to be posted'", and execute this script.

Gnome-terminal pops up, with command-line prompt followed by my text.

ie: fields@mycomputer:/$ my text to be posted

Can this be done?

You can do this with expect (install). Create and make executable ~/bin/myprompt:

#!/usr/bin/expect -f

# Get a Bash shell
spawn -noecho bash

# Wait for a prompt
expect "$ "

# Type something
send "my text to be posted"

# Hand over control to the user
interact

exit

and run Gnome Terminal with:

gnome-terminal -e ~/bin/myprompt

You can use the -e or -x arguments to run a command inside a newly popped up terminal, but that's not exactly what you want.


How to allow an IP (ipv6) address using ufw? I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, and I want to block all connections except some IP addresses. I ran these commands

ufw default allow outgoing
ufw default deny incoming
ufw allow ssh
ufw enable
ufw allow from 1.2.3.4

and it's working fine for me, But now i want to allow a ipv6 address and i'm using this command.

ufw allow from 2405:204:108e:650c:10cb:11ea:bb8f:3937

but it's not working

man ufw is the answer (at line 139), the manual mention this:

...
         ufw deny proto tcp from 2001:db8::/32 to any port 25

       This  will  deny all traffic from the IPv6 2001:db8::/32 to tcp port 25
       on this host. Note that IPv6 must be enabled  in  /etc/default/ufw  for
       IPv6 firewalling to work.
...

Since the OP not mentioning more detail about his difficulties, I hope this answer may help you to create IPV6 ufw rules

To allow an IP(ipv6) address using ufw

First enable the IPv6 in /etc/default/ufw. Probably first 4-5 lines describe what you need to do to have ufw support IPv6.

  # Set to yes to apply rules to support IPv6 (no means only IPv6 on loopback
  # accepted). You will need to 'disable' and then 'enable' the firewall for
  # the changes to take affect.
  IPV6=yes

If you see IPV6=no, then edit the file to change it to IPV6=yes and save it.

  $ sudo nano /etc/default/ufw

Now, Do either a ufw Disable-then-Enable OR ufw Reload

ufw Disable-then-Enable

  $ sudo ufw disable  $ sudo ufw enable

ufw Reload

  $ sudo ufw reload

NOTE : A server/system Restart may be required for changes to take effect.

Now, Re-add all your existing firewall rules so that the IPv6 rules get added.

  $ sudo ufw allow proto ipv6 from x.x.x.x


dual boot ubuntu 14.04 and windows 8 not working so i installed ubuntu 14.04 on a windows 8 pre-installed hp laptop.

the problem is when i boot the computer it takes me straight to windows and NO grub is shown.

i tried following this: https://askubuntu.com/a/358524/59618 and used boot-repair which threw this error http://paste.ubuntu.com/7295325/

i am completely lost with this eufi stuff, can someone help me with an easy solution to have grub working on this laptop where i can choose Ubuntu or windows 8?

PS: i cant seem to get this working on my hp. i disabled fast startup and secure boot and ran bcdedit /set {bootmgr} path \EFI\ubuntu\grubx64.efi and still no Grub :(

the solution that this question was marked as duplicate is not working for me

Had same problem after installing Ubuntu 14.04 to dual boot with Windows XP.  Solved by going into Bios and making boot drive the Ubuntu drive.  A restart brought up the grub 2 screen with options for Ubuntu  and  XP.  I've been using this method and so far no problems with either choice.


How do I update the IcedTea Plugin on 12.10? Whenever I open up the page http://www.runescape.com/game.ws? in google chrome I get the notice, "IcedTea was blocked because it is out of date" and gives me the two options of updating it or running this time.

I've gone to the link attached to the option of updating it and its a wikipedia page http://icedtea.classpath.org/wiki/Main_Page that wasn't helpful for me because I didn't know what to download and install.

Whenever I click, 'Run this time' it works momentarily but it is prone to have the runescape interface in the browser disappear and be replaced with a black screen.

First, Ubuntu 12.10 is not supported anymore. Update to 13.10 or "downgrade" to 12.04 LTS.
Secondly, the Icedtea plugin can be installed by running the following command in terminal: "sudo apt-get install icedtea-7-plugin"

After that just enter your password and press "Y" for yes to install.

updated icedtea-plugin is available at:
(http://www.ubuntuupdates.org/package/core/quantal/main/base/icedtea-plugin)

It is also available at Ubuntu Software Center as stand alone and OpenJDK Java 7 Runtime add-ons.


How to install realtime kernel? Axel wrote: "try using the a realtime kernel, it's more responsive and the apps "seems to hang less"".

How to do this?

It seems like rt (and preemp and lowlatency) still haven't landed in the repositories. Maverick is still beta... are you sure you want to try such special kernels in this stage?

I've found a message which covers the issue of which low latency kernels you want to try and, perhaps, a PPA to get it: https://lists.ubuntu.com/archives/kernel-team/2010-March/009323.html

Be cautious, though... There be dragons!

Repository for Maverick here:

https://launchpad.net/~stephane-brunner/+archive/maverick


How to download an offline package? I just moved and I was forced by the wife to place my computer in a certain spot :(.
Anyways, I do not have a long enough ethernet cable to my desktop.  However, I did go on amazon and buy what I thought was a decent dual band USB WiFi adapter:
Realtek 8811CU
Guess what ... needs a driver installed.  According to some google searches, I want to do this:
sudo apt install build-essential -y
mkdir -p ~/build
cd ~/build
sudo apt install git
git clone https://github.com/brektrou/rtl8821CU.git
cd rtl8821CU
make
sudo make install

I need some help.  How can I accomplish this by downloading the files on windows and transferring them to Ubuntu?  Maybe it is a better idea to hook up a cell phone as a tethered hot spot and then get that driver?
Thanks
Mike

For the apt portions:

On the offline system, get the list of packages that you will need to download.
The easy way to do this is apt install build-essential git --simulate The output will include the complete list of packages (and the correct versions) that you need to download.

Some of your instructions include apt's -y flag. I recommend against using that flag outside of scripts. It disables an important safeguard.

On an online system (any OS), go to https://packages.ubuntu.com
Download each package

It's super important to get the correct version. DON'T try a different version, or a package from a different release of Ubuntu. You can really mess up your system by doing that.

Get EVERY packages on your list, or you will get errors in the next step.

On the offline system, place all the packages in /var/cache/apt/archives. That's where apt will look for them.
Now you're ready to run sudo apt install build-essential git

DON'T list every package you copied. Apt resolves dependencies. Let it do the job.

Your situation is a perfect candidate for Windows Subsystems for Linux (WSL2). This technology will allow you to run Linux on your Windows 10 computer if Windows is what you have. Here is the link to the WSL2 documentation:  https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/install-win10
I hope this helps!


I connect my iPhone 5 IOS 10.3.1 but my Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't seem to detect it I'm new to Ubuntu.

I'm trying to transfer pictures and videos from my iphone 5 IOS 10.3.1 to my Ubuntu 16.04 system but when I plug the phone in, it doesn't even show that I connect the phone to the computer.

How can I fix it? Is there something I could do that doesn't require installing a windows virtual machine?

I have a new iPhone and have to use updated drivers from a ppa. Created mount point, pair phone, and mount with ifuse. I also then can drill down to /mnt/iPhone in Naulitus and see files.
sudo apt-get update
#ppa not required with 20.04 or newer
#sudo add-apt-repository ppa:martin-salbaba/ppa+libimobiledevice
sudo apt-get install ideviceinstaller libimobiledevice-utils ifuse libimobiledevice6  libplist3
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo mkdir /mnt/iPhone
sudo chown -R $USER:$USER /mnt/iPhone
sudo chmod -R a+rwX,o-w /mnt/iPhone

idevicepair pair
Info
ideviceinfo -d
ifuse /mnt/iPhone/
ls  /mnt/iPhone

to unmount:
fusermount -u /mnt/iPhone
idevicepair unpair
SUCCESS: Unpaired with device 78c......

See also & post #19:
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/libimobiledevice/+bug/1623666

There is an excellent tutorial.
https://gist.github.com/samrocketman/70dff6ebb18004fc37dc5e33c259a0fc
You need to edit your ~/.bashrc file first and append this to the end:
[ ! -d "$HOME/usr/src" ] && mkdir -p "$HOME/usr/src"
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH="${HOME}/usr/lib/pkgconfig:${PKG_CONFIG_PATH}"
export CPATH="${HOME}/usr/include:${CPATH}"

export MANPATH="${HOME}/usr/share/man:${MANPATH}"

export PATH="${HOME}/usr/bin:${PATH}"
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH="${HOME}/usr/lib:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}"

After that, just log in again and follow the steps from the tutorial.


upgrade 14.04 with errors and shows red sign on top I upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 but it shows a red symbol on the top and gives error message in function update

E:unknown error:<type exceptions.type error> upgrade manager or any other file is not present

This can damage stuff. Do not run these commands unless you know what you're doing!

Hi Please try these options

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/* -vf

then

sudo apt-get update

or

sudo apt-get -f install


How do I stop the 'Free the Fish' Easter Egg? I did 'apt-get install free the fish' to see what the Ubuntu 'Wanda the Fish' Easter Egg looks like. I have now had enough of the fish and want it to stop, which I could do by logging in and out.

Unfortunately I have a few other things open right now and I don't want to do that. I tried ps -ef | more to see if I could identify the process, but I could not. Also the Google came up with no answers. Anyone have any ideas?

Press Alt + F2 then paste pkill gnome-panel and your panel will disappear and reappear but the fish will be gone.

You can also click on the fish. this will cause it to swim away to the nearest screen edge and disappear.


how to enable wifi in ubuntu 16.04 on dell latitude with broadcom limited bcm4313 adapter? how to enable wifi in ubuntu 16.04 on dell latitude with broadcom limited bcm4313 adapter ?

sudo lshw c -network
 *-network DISABLED
       description: Wireless interface
       product: BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter
       vendor: Broadcom Limited
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       logical name: wlp2s0
       version: 01
       serial: bc:85:56:a9:14:db
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.248 (r487574) latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
       resources: irq:17 memory:f7d00000-f7d03fff

lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.10
Release:    16.10
Codename:   yakkety

lspci -knn | grep Net -A3
00:19.0 Ethernet controller [0200]: Intel Corporation 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection [8086:1502] (rev 04)
    DeviceName:  Onboard LAN
    Subsystem: Dell 82579LM Gigabit Network Connection [1028:0534]
    Kernel driver in use: e1000e
    Kernel modules: e1000e
00:1a.0 USB controller [0c03]: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 [8086:1e2d] (rev 04)
--
02:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Limited BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [14e4:4727] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Dell BCM4313 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter [1028:0015]
    Kernel driver in use: wl
    Kernel modules: bcma, wl
0b:00.0 SD Host controller [0805]: O2 Micro, Inc. OZ600FJ0/OZ900FJ0/OZ600FJS SD/MMC Card Reader Controller [1217:8221] (rev 05)

rfkill list
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
2: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: yes
4: dell-wifi: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: yes
5: dell-bluetooth: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: yes

Your wireless adapter is hardware blocked according to your rfkill list output.

As far as I know Dell computers have a hardware switch that is off. You need to turn it on. Depending on the model it could be a Fn+some Fx key combination.

You can also check the BIOS to see if wireless is enabled there.

If you really can't find the hardware switch you can stop the dell_wmi by

sudo modprobe -r dell_wmi

Connect device with wire to modem.
In GNOME open terminal
sudo  apt update
Search on Show Applications Additional Drivers
IT Fins the proprietry Broadcom driver
Enable IT.


Does Ubuntu damage USB drives? Whenever I unmount a USB drive with Nautilus and plug it to a Windows machine, I receive a warning that the drive needs to be repaired.

(the same message like in this screenshot)

For 10+ years working with windows I never had a corrupted or damaged USB drive but during the last two years three of my USB drives became inoperative, so I cannot prove it, but it's obvious that this is related to Ubuntu's (un)mount behavior.

A friend told me I can prevent such damage using udisks and sync, but I hope this is not the way to do it, mounting drives with shell commands in 2016.

No worries Ubuntu did not damage your USB drive. But we do not use poorly documented bit flags of a FAT32, FAT16, or NTFS filesystem. On Windows these flags indicate a possibly corrupted filesystem when we had not properly unmounted the drive or an I/O error had occured.

Those bits are located in a reserved entry of a FAT partition table. According to an internal Microsoft paper of 2004 the purpose of these bits are:

  ClnShutBitMask:
  If bit is 1, the volume is “clean”. The volume can be mounted for
  access. If bit is 0, the volume is “dirty” indicating that a FAT file
  system driver was unable to dismount the volume properly (during a
  prior mount operation). The volume contents should be scanned for
  any damage to file system metadata.
  HrdErrBitMask:
  If this bit is 1, no disk read/write errors were encountered.
  If this bit is 0, the file system driver implementation encountered a
  disk I/O error on the volume the last time it was mounted, which is an
  indicator that some sectors may have gone bad. The volume
  contents should be scanned with a disk repair utility that does
  surface analysis on it looking for new bad sectors.

There was some discussion with the kernel file system developers some years ago on how to overcome this but I was unable to follow up the results. Apparently it did not make it into recent kernels.

As only a bit flag is involved but generally our data should be in perfect shape we can ignore the warning Windows issues on those drives we had previously used in Ubuntu.

There is almost no way for any OS could damage USB drive, after a normal format (not the quick), there should be no trace left that drive was ever used with Ubuntu.

Check the drives with "H2testw" or "USB Flash Drive Tester" - bad sectors might be source of many weird errors.


Do I need a desktop to run a GUI? I am setting up a light weight VM, following the guide in the Ubuntu Documentation

What I want to be able to do is launch a GUI application. I don't need / want anything on the desktop.

First I installed xorg. But I can't launch a gui. The next step is to install a "Window Manager". So I installed xfce4, and then startx launches a desktop.

What do I need to launch a gui but not launch a desktop?

If you want to control exactly what runs when you run startx you should create a .xinitrc file in your home directory.  If you make .xinitrc something very simple like:

xfwm4 &
xterm

Then startx will run with only a window manager and a terminal.

why you don't install gnome it is easier !!!

Or if you still want xfce :
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/01/install-xfce-4-8-in-ubuntu-10-10-ppa/


How can I permanently save a password-protected SSH key? I am using Awesome Window Manager

How can I permanently add private keys with password?

Inspired by the answer here I have added the private keys in ~/.ssh/config

Contents of ~/.ssh/config:

IdentityFile 'private key full path'

Permissions of ~/.ssh/config: 0700

But it doesn't work for me.

If I manually add the key in every session, it works but I'm looking for a more elegant way (not in .bashrc)

EDIT:

Using Gnome classic (no effects) version.

After adding the SSH key with ssh-copy-if to the remote host, I get the following prompt in terminal (GNOME Terminal 3.0.1) when I'm logging in:

ssh -i .ssh/Password-Protected-Key user@host
Enter passphrase for key '.ssh/Password-Protected-Key':

Using Awesome window manager v3.4.10.
I had already gnome-keyring-dameon so I killed the other pid and run gnome-keyring-daemon --start | grep SOCK (I also added it in .profile) the (grep) output:

SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/keyring-2LXXXX/ssh

I followed the exact same steps and likewise I haven't got any GUI ssh-add dialog.

EDIT 2:

I created a new password protected key from Ubuntu 11.10 virtual machine on unity and I still can't get any password prompt.

EDIT 3:
It seems that this cannot work in Awesome window manager :( and possibly other..

Making a password-protected SSH key persist across sessions and reboots

This is probably what you want: entering the key passphrase once makes it available for ever whenever you're logged in. It will work for most users who are using the Unity or Gnome desktops.

When you connect after adding the public key to the remote server, you'll get the GUI ssh-add dialog:

Expand the "Details" by clicking on the triangle, and you'll get the below. The default is "lock keyring when I log out", which requires you to enter the password once per session:

Change it to Automatically unlock...whenever I'm logged in, which means it will work whenever you have logged in to your session -- it's "controlled" by your user password. It will persist across reboots.

Enter the key passphrase once and that's it - the key is authenticated via the initial successful login to your desktop environment.

If you are using AwesomeWM

Tested with a fresh install of AwesomeWM in a fresh userid

By default, AwesomeWM uses ssh-agent:

$ export | grep SSH
declare -x SSH_AGENT_PID="5479"
declare -x SSH_AUTH_SOCK="/tmp/ssh-fWCKNnPq5440/agent.5440"

To get the above steps to work, you must use gnome-keyring-daemon as the SSH authentication daemon, not ssh-agent. When you login using lightdm, PAM starts gnome-keyring-daemon that will try to unlock a login key with your unlock password, but you must add to you configuration to keep it running and use it.
Add the following to the end of your ~/.xprofile:

  #!/bin/bash
  eval $(gnome-keyring-daemon --start)
  export SSH_AUTH_SOCK
  export GNOME_KEYRING_PID
  export GNOME_KEYRING_CONTROL

The commands in the ~/.xprofile file will be executed by xsession before starting the awesome window manager and will tie it to the gnome-keyring-daemon --login process started by PAM through the above environment variables.

Logout back to lightdm and log back in, and now when you do ssh user@host, you should get the above popups -- use those to decode your private keys in ~/.ssh/ and save your private keys to the gnome-keyring login keyring.

The general solution for any window manager/desktop environment

is to use gnome-keyring-daemon instead of ssh-agent. For this, you need to be running gnome-keyring-daemon and have it initialized and either do this after ssh-agent is started or not start ssh-agent at all.
ssh (actually ssh-add) decides which authentication agent to call based on the value of the SSH_AUTH_SOCK environment variable, which can be checked by typing export | grep SOCK
this is of the form SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/ssh-MMFyVlI22130/agent.22130 for ssh-agent (NOT what you want to be able to save your key)
but of the form SSH_AUTH_SOCK="/tmp/keyring-mEQB5g/ssh" for gnome-keyring-daemon (which you want)
so check the value, and check with ps aux | grep keyring that gnome-keyring-daemon is running, and if so, initialize it with the results of gnome-keyring-daemon --start
you can then check the associated saved identities in the console by typing ssh-add -l -- if it shows "no agent" then you made a mistake configuring gnome-keyring-daemon.

If you want to work with private keys do:

ssh-keygen -t rsa -N ''

Then:

copy .ssh/id_rsa.pub to machine destination in .ssh/authorized_keys via scp

scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub user@remote_machine:~/.ssh/authorized_keys

All done.

Connect to remote machine without password:

ssh user@remote_machine

And we don't have password prompt.


How do I install Skype? I want to install Skype, but I can't locate it in Software Center or by using Synaptic Package Manager. Can anyone help me?

All Ubuntu releases as of July 2017

To install the Skype for Linux application (version 8+):

  Download the Deb package for Skype for Linux with your favourite web browser or HTTP client.

  For a terminal-based solution use:

wget https://repo.skype.com/latest/skypeforlinux-64.deb

  Install the Deb package with your favourite package manager, e. g. Software Center or GDebi.

  For a terminal-based solution or to debug the package installation use:

sudo apt install ./skypeforlinux-64.deb

  You’re done! When you installed the package it automatically added a repository […] to keep your installation of Skype up to date via Ubuntu's package update process.

(source)

The new Skype application works only on 64-bit (amd64) installations of Ubuntu.

First I was using snap to install skype, then apt-get install skypeforlinux, both installations when skype was running then, have shown irritating notification messages in the kind of "new update is available. Install latest version via your package manager, then restart skype". the apt update and upgrade did no help either.

So i removed it completely and installed skype via the browser: fetched the apt by browser and got it installed from  https://www.skype.com/de/get-skype/

the "new update is available..." notification have gone! Installed version is 8.56.0.103


How do I write an application install shell script? Does anyone know how to write a shell script to install a list of applications?  It's a pain to have to install each application by hand every time I set up a new system.

Edit:
It still asks me Do you want to continue [Y/n]?.  Is there a way to have the script input y or for it not to prompt for input?

I would assume the script would look something like this:

#!/bin/sh
apt-get update  # To get the latest package lists
apt-get install <package name> -y
#etc.

Just save that as something like install_my_apps.sh, change the file's properties to make it executable, and run it from the command line as root.

(Edit: The -y tells apt-get not to prompt you and just get on with installing)

I made a script for this.
Check http://github.com/dinukasal/install

you can add packages too


How to read and write HFS+ journaled external HDD in Ubuntu without access to OS X? I have a HFS+ journaled external hard-drive and need to be able to write to it on Ubuntu. I don't have access to my Mac, it's thousands of miles away and I won't have access to it for three months.

Can anything be done without losing the data on the HDD?

See How to mount a HFS partition in Ubuntu as Read/Write? - Super User

To quote from the second/third answer down:

  First, make sure that you have hfsprogs installed. Example
  installation command:

  sudo apt-get install hfsprogs

  Next, mount or remount the HFS+ drive; commands need to be as follows:

  sudo mount -t hfsplus -o force,rw /dev/sdXY /media/mntpoint

  or

  sudo mount -t hfsplus -o remount,force,rw /mount/point

...

  Finally, if the drive was improperly unmounted or has otherwise become
  partially corrupted run fsck.hfsplus ... as
  such:

  sudo fsck.hfsplus -f /dev/sdXY

There is a goldmine of other information there regarding the mounting of HFS+ filesystems.

Borrowing from the previous answer, the following steps worked for me. Hopefully this is useful to others:

Plug in the external HDD.
Notice that Ubuntu mounts it automatically but it is read-only.
Unmount the drive (I do this simply by clicking on the eject button in the file explorer).
sudo apt-get install hfsprogs
$ sudo fsck.hfsplus /dev/sdXY

** /dev/sdXY
** Checking HFS Plus volume.
** Detected a case-sensitive catalog.
** Checking Extents Overflow file.
** Checking Catalog file.
** Checking multi-linked files.
** Checking Catalog hierarchy.
** Checking Extended Attributes file.
** Checking volume bitmap.
** Checking volume information.
** The volume ########### appears to be OK.

(sudo fsck.hfsplus -f /dev/sdXY if filesystem is journaled.)
Remount the drive (I do this simply by clicking on the drive in the file explorer).
The drive is now read-write.


Steam-Linux behind a proxy server I just downloaded Steam Beta from here.

I installed the package, and when I start steam, I get the following

It then says, unable to connect.

When I start it from the terminal, I get this error.
SteamUpdater: Error: Download failed: http error 407

Since I get a 407 error, it is related to Proxy Authentication.

I have set up my http_proxy, ftp_proxy, https_proxy environment variables. I am behind an authenticated proxy server.

How do I get Steam working from behind a proxy server?

You can use proxychains.

vim /etc/proxychains.conf

place your proxy information like this:

#socks4         127.0.0.1 9050
socks5          127.0.0.1 1080

Then run steam like this:

proxychains steam

I hope this work for you.

You can get it working via tsocks, If you are running 64 bit be sure to compile a 32 bit version.I've got it running successfully via putty over an ssh tunnel.store won't work but downloads do.Good luck!


How can I change my IP address? I want to change my IP address and port to some other values. My idea is to attain anonymity when I browse in the web. Currently I am on a network having static IPs for each system. I know there are web based proxies. But i want to do this configuration specifically in my system. It will be helpful if anyone can teach me if it can be done on terminal as well as GUI.

i guess you are complete unaware of nat ip and main ip. the nat or network ip is the assignation of the local computer done by the router.if you visit the web and then there's nothing to do with your local ip.to know your main ip just google myip and it will come out with many sites showing your main ip which is given by your isp.
to be anonmous i suggest to go to

https://www.torproject.org/

and download tor for your system and  run the software and now google myip and now you will get the differnce in ip.

You can add anonymoux addons for your browser to change the IP for specific sites. It can be added directly by addons option.


Cannot see input in "Screen" application I have succesfully paired and connected an Arduino to my Ubuntu 18.04 laptop via an HC05 bluetooth module. I can send data to the Arduino using the terminal opened with sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600 I know the Arduino is receiving the data because I have programmed a LED to switch on and of when a '1' or a '0' is received.

The problem I have is that I cannot see the input in the terminal opened with sudo screen /dev/rfcomm0 9600. The commands reach the Arduino but the terminal remains black with a blinking underscore character in the top left position. The blinking underscore character remains in the top left posion no matter what I input. How can I get to see the input in this screen?

Edit: I have tried /usr/bin/screen with 18.04 under both Wayland and X. And tried it with other serial ports,Edit:  for instance sudo /usr/bin/screen /dev/ttyS0. The result is always a black screen that passes on data but doesn't show what it is sending.

Before you upload your sketch, make sure your have the right port, if your not sure check it with ll /dev/tty* it will appears like /dev/ttyUSBx or /dev/ttyACMx and change it as read-write with follow sudo chmod a+rw /dev/ttyUSB0. and then upload your sketch.

To use a screen package, don't used as sudo cause the package not your owned, try without sudo.

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 9600

For kill the screen type with keyboard key CTRL+A+K.

For more information see man screen.

Hope this helps.

Screen is another command

Try using the full path to the command, like /usr/bin/screen

To see the conflicts, type in whereis screen


How do I install the latest TeX Live 2012? Ubuntu 12.04 still includes the outdated and obsolete 2009 version of TeX Live. Other than installing manually from the TeX Live website, is there any alternative to install the latest 2012 version on Ubuntu Precise 12.04?

TeX Live 2012 is available for 12.04 in an official "backports" PPA

TeX Live 2012 is scheduled for inclusion in the next Ubuntu release (Quantal 12.10). Meanwhile, Ubuntu's TeX Live maintainer, Jeremy Bicha, has created an official "backports" PPA to allow 12.04 users to easily install/upgrade to the new version.

To install/upgrade to TeX Live 2012:

Open a terminal with Ctrl+Alt+T
Add the texlive-backports PPA by typing the below (enter your password when prompted):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:texlive-backports/ppa

Then type:

sudo apt-get update

Installation:

If you are installing TeX Live for the first time, type:

sudo apt-get install texlive

If you already have TeX Live installed and are upgrading, type:

sudo apt-get upgrade

Warning: this will also upgrade all other packages on your Ubuntu system for which upgrades are available. If you do not wish to do this, please use the previous sudo apt-get install texlive instead.

I don't think I have the reputation points to comment, so I am answering in response to Alexander Schleifer above:  On Ubuntu 12.04 in order for the upgrade to work, I had to use:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:texlive-backports/ppa

Not "apt-add" as the answer suggested.  It didn't give me an error with "apt-add" but didn't work until I tried "add-apt."


Internal error message pops up after each time system is rebooted I had installed Ubuntu 12.04 using Wubi. But each time I boot the system, an internal error message pops up. As shown below:

Executable path
 /usr/share/apport/apport-gpu-error-intel.py

Package
 xserver-xorg-video-intel 2:2.17.0-1ubuntu4

Problem Type
 crash

Apportversion
 2.0.1-0ubuntu7

and so on.

I had earlier upgraded to Ubuntu 12.04 from Ubuntu 11.10. And encountered the same issue. Hence I uninstalled the OS and reinstalled using Wubi.

I had posted the same query in ubuntu.com/support (Question Number: 195525) But couldn't find a solution.

I am using Dell Inspiron with Intel Pentium. Need your help in resolving this issue.

Install xdiagnose version 2.5.1, which I uploaded to precise-proposed the other day.

The problem is that the Intel graphics driver has these weird "false gpu hangs".  The GPU locks up but then recovers so that you don't actually notice anything, but it still is enough to trigger the error handler.  Disabling apport doesn't disable this handler; 2.5.1 disables the handler directly.

You may want to disable Apport:

sudo gksu gedit /etc/default/apport

change "enabled" from "1" to "0", then save the file.

You can always re-enable it later on if you want, by changing "enabled" from "0" back to "1", or you can enable Apport temporarily, using the following command:

sudo service apport start force_start=1


Ubuntu 17.10 and Samsung SCX-4624F Scanner not working After I installed Ubuntu 17.10, Samsung SCX-4624F Scanner stopped working. What is strange after many tries I scanned one page but couldn't repeat this. After system reboot scanimage -L listed the scanner once and then scanner disappeared.

It turned out that in SANE 1.0.27 released in May 2017 had some USB fix disabled (printer/scanner with USB 2.0 has problems with USB 3.0 port).

It is possible to enable the fix with the new environment variable SANE_USB_WORKAROUND=1. After I added it to the .bashrc, Simple Scan started to work correctly.

Have you tried using the Ubuntu application "Simple Scan" ?. It is in Ubuntu software center. It works for my old HP all in one Printer.


Shall I download updates from kernel 3.2. when I already installed 3.4.3? I am using Ubuntu 12.04 and due to the weak support of hybrid graphics in the originally distributed kernel (I think it was 3.2) I updated the kernel to 3.4.3 today.

But the system is still suggesting me to download some updates of kernel 3.2 when the software update application is popping up.

Will it harm my system if I still download those updates?

If you update a kernel, then all you are going to do is placing a couple of files in

/boot/{config, initrd, System.map, vmlinuz}-{version}
/usr/src/linux-headers-{version}

The kernel itself is only an executable. That gets started by the bootloader (configuration is in /boot/grub/grub.cfg ).
This in turn allows a user to have multiple kernel versions installed simultaneously. Not knowing how you installed the 3.4 kernel version, I don't think that installing these updates will do any harm to your computer (especially if you downloaded the .deb from kernel.org and installed it manually).

If you can find the files for a 3.2 kernel in /boot/ and the corresponding /usr/src/linux-headers you should be safe. Since you should be able to boot a 3.2 kernel in case your 3.4 kernel somehow doesn't work anymore.

I would however recommend using a PPA for unstable kernels, since it will take care of all the dependencies.

The suggestions for updating 3.2 kernel files might come from the fact that you weren't able to install the 3.4 kernel correctly and you're still running a 3.2 kernel. In this case I recommend using the PPA to install the 3.4 kernel.

This comment provides a good explanation on how to upgrade to unstable kernels

3.4.3 is the latest version than 3.2. You can install kernel 3.2 and select kernel you want to use when booting at Grub windows.

I suggest you remove old kernel to avoid any update for older kernel.

Open terminal and check your current kernel:

uname -r

DO NOT REMOVE THIS KERNEL!

Next, type the command below to view / list all installed kernels on your system.

dpkg --list | grep linux-image

Find all the kernels that lower than your current kernel. When you know which kernel to remove, continue below to remove it. Run the commands below to remove the kernel you selected.

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x.x-generic

Finally, run the commands below to update grub2

sudo update-grub2

Reboot your system.


How do you prevent CPUs from being throttled when battery is taken out of Laptop (aka only on AC power)? My laptop CPUs are throttled down to .8GHz instead of 2.5GHz whenever I am connected to AC only and not the battery. I tried using cpufreq-set and it allows me to set the speed when the battery is connected but it stays at a maximum of .8GHz when the battery is disconnected. Is there a way to prevent this?

Update: I've also tried changing the governor, but it seems locked at .8GHz whenever it's on only AC power. Are there any overrides for this?

CPU scaling is controlled by your BIOS and not by the software running on the computer.

Reboot and go into the BIOS configuration.

Look for an item called "CPU scaling" and toggle it.

If it's not there, you can't prevent that from happening.

That is only the operating system (and drivers themsevelves) honor it. I've specificaly disabled "SpeedStep" in my bios and still have to tell the kernel post-boot in userland to not honor these controls. Hope it saves someone a day.


GUI browser on a headless server Is it possible to use a browsers as GUI on a headless Ubuntu Server?

what would it cost in terms of dependencies, resources...whatever?

is it even possible to show only a fullscreen window, the max size of a sceen, without close buttons etc... that starts on a specific page (http://localhost) where I already wrote my own  control system....

I mean with all those technologies like php, javascript, nodejs, canvas, opengl there is no need for a desktop. Media (mp4, mp3), mail, filemanager, documents (pdf, doc, xls), terminal, images) can all be used with a browser styled with nice modern css3.

Keep in mind it's a server, not a workstation.

There would be no need for GUI applications you never use like games etc.

Also a proper browser would allow automatically to use the gpu on some animations of the gui using css3 3d transforms or opengl.

The basic stuff is already manually edited in the various config files...

A simple php/nodejs script could allow me to handle various difficult commands...

Needing only the browser dependencies.

For example:

I just put a headless Wheezy on my Raspberry Pi which has node on it... and I control everything over http.

The headless Wheezy renders low resource intensive html pages with nodejs, websockets, php, keeping the load very low (30-40mb ram total). Those pages allow me to control the server itself (stats, users), other servers (stats, users, on/off with wol) and render the content inside the browser (documents, images, music, videos). Works great on a remote machine... but if I attach a screen to the 1920x1080 capable device I see a black screen. SO:

Putting a real desktop on it would bring me to the limit easily. using all the resources to run the environment.

Starting a session of ONLY the browser with one of those low resource intensive html pages , the overall system usage would be slightly lower then with a real desktop. Theoretically.

Imagine a PictureFrame with touchscreen, that is able to control other devices, while rendering a nice canvas, opengl, css3 3d user interface with realtime stats. With maybe 30-40%? more horsepower.

And not only would the Raspberry Pi take advantage of this but also all other headless servers that are attached to a color monitor.

I get what you are asking. You want a browser based GUI without all the added stuff that a typical Desktop Environment provides; however, since it's still a GUI that you are looking for (you will be attaching a monitor and drawing graphics on it, aka a head) you can't call it headless. Maybe call it a "tiny-head" server ;-)

A desktop environment (such as GNOME, KDE) or any other GUI is composed of multiple pieces, here is a quick overview.

I think what you would need is a display server (such as xorg), and possibly a windows manager. Maybe also a display driver and display manager. However you won't need all the other stuff provided by a DE such as taskbar, file manager, etc. since you will be using your browser applications for that.

Anyway, I just realized this question is over a year old so you might have figured this out already.

If the point isn't to manage the server, but to have a computing environment, you may want to look at various "personal cloud" softwares. Here are some options. They vary dramatically in terms of features and capabilities. They typically have mobile features built in to share files and act as a dropbox like service, but some also have custom applications you can run so you can have a mail client, browser, etc.

https://cozy.io/en/
https://owncloud.org/
http://www.tonido.com/


Cannot use Flash in Chromium I need to use YouTube. I have Flash enabled in Chromium's settings, but it always says "could not load shockwave". I am running Lubuntu 13.04

Thanks to Erich E. Hoover and his team you can use Pipelight to run Flash, Shockwave, Silverlight and Unity Player in your native Ubuntu browsers.

The steps, reproduced here:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:pipelight/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --install-recommends pipelight-multi
sudo pipelight-plugin --update
sudo pipelight-plugin --enable flash

Chromium doesn't have Flash with the browser. Chrome does.


No admin password set I booted Ubuntu 12.10 32bit from pendive.

I would like to re-partition my hard drive using gparted, but it requires root privilege* that I could not provide, because there is no password set.

  (*) Root privileges are required for running gparted.

What can I do?

How are you running gparted? You can run it by opening a terminal and typing

sudo gparted

this will run it as root/superuser without having to set a root password.

you should create a root password if it is a fresh install or have not been created yet. in a terminal -> sudo passwd root -> follow the instructions, define your new password then you can use that. Hope it helps.


Root partition full - New to Linux I am dual booting Ubuntu 19.10 and windows 10 and I keep getting notifications that my / directory has low space.
The size of / is 8GB. I have run sudo apt clean but it did not free up much space.

I have been trying to understand if I need to extend that partition and some guides I have found have not helped me. Is there no easy way to just add to it from the free disk space I have? Or do I have to create a new root partition and move everything there?

Any help appreciated.

gparted disks

Your root partition is 7.63 GB, which is too low for current Ubuntu versions. You can tell that indeed 7.18 GB already is used. You need at least 15 GB for your root partition.

You managed to set up a separate /home partition of 13 GB, which also is quite little. In your scenario of dual boot, you would have done better letting the installer work automatically to fill the free space. The installer would default to occupy all free space for a single root partition, that also contains the /home partition. It would also have set up a swap file on that partition.

A single 20 GB (24 GB if you also include the currently unallocated space) partition would be adequate for a Linux system in a dual boot scenario. You could indeed have most of your user data on another partition that you share with Windows.

What to do?

Technically the easiest approach would be to erase the linux partitions. Then have an automatic installation where you choose the option to "use the free space".
Technically more complicated would be to merge your current / and /home partitions. That would involve making a backup of /home, expanding / (and preferentially also move it to occupy the unallocated space) and then place the /home backup back.

i can see Unallocated space in your machine. So you can use it. Just format the unallocated with ext4 and then you can add that new space to your root directory.