do i need to reinstall all my softwares after upgrading ubuntu 12.10 to 13.04? i was stopped by my sister from upgrading Ubuntu, for the reason she explained was that i would have to reinstall all the softwares that I've installed in last 6 months.
but i think if that's the case, the upgrade itself includes all softwares that i have installed.
so please tell me what's the truth?

  please note that i just can't afford mentally to reinstall all apps due to slow INTERNET speed.because it may take 3 to 4 days of constant downloading.
  if you are an Indian living in an suburban city,you can understand my situation.

i think the question itself explains everything.still I'll explain everything in detail.i want to upgrade my current Ubuntu 12.10 OS to 13.10(now please don't ask what is 13.10). this option is available from "about this computer" and many other places.the upgrade is of about 700mb to 800 MB.

BTW, i don't know why i think it's a rule here to put some question on questions asked here,however detailed or/and simple it may be.at least that's what i feel after looking at many questions.

Bottom line is that you will upgrade, some things will break, some things will need additional drivers. The video driver alone for me was 124 Meg alone, I'm sure on a slow connection that can take a few hours.

Don't upgrade, its not worth it UNLESS you have problems and hope it will fix them with an upgrade. But if your computer is working. Stay away, its just not worth it.

If you want to upgrade, then use

do-release-upgrade from terminal
or
update from update manager
or
from an iso image (offline n safer option...in case u drop internet connection in between)

u will not have to reinstall any software

if you fresh install overwriting the previous version,
then you have to reinstall all the software


Can't Select Target Device on Winusb So I just installed Winusb using the instructions from How can I create a Windows bootable USB stick using Ubuntu?
but when I use the application I cannot select a target device. I have a usb that I want to select, but whenever I click the box under "Target device:" nothing happens. The .iso / source selection is fine; the only problem is the target device selection.

For anyone having trouble with this, I found a simple solution which works if you are sure that the USB stick is properly formatted to NTFS and is mounted.

Start by finding the name of the mounted disk by running sudo fdisk -l. Once you find it (it'll be something like /dev/sdc1), run the command based winusb command:

sudo winusb --install <iso path> <partition>

And with that, it should work.

I switched back to "From a disk image (iso)" and then "From a CD / DVD drive" again, and the 'Install' button activated...

The app also formats the disk for you...


How do I make Ubuntu select my headset mic as default input automatically? This seems so obvious I'm kind of shocked it needs to be asked.
I plug a headset into the 3.5mm jack on my Ubuntu laptop and expect it to just work.
The output does indeed "just work". However, I have to select the headset mic as default input, manually, every single time.
How do I tell Ubuntu to behave like every other desktop/laptop OS, when a headset is plugged in?

Edit: upgrade to latest version of gnome gives a dialog asking what's been plugged in, each time I plug in the headset. However, selecting "headset" still results in the input device unchanged.

Edit #2: To be clear and to echo my comment below, the dialog is totally fine, if it works, which it doesn't.

Why it doesn't work

My system, Kubuntu 19.10 on a Dell XPS 13 9350, detects headphones and sets the correct output automatically.

As fas as I know it doesn't know if the headset has a microphone or not. This is why it only changes the output and not the input.

How to make it work

This is how to automatically switch the microphone on plug/unplug:

acpi_listen is the tool to detect when you plug/unplug the headset. This is what it detects:

jack/headphone HEADPHONE unplug
jack/headphone HEADPHONE plug

pulseaudio is where we can switch source ports

In my system to select headset microphone:

pacmd set-source-port alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo analog-input-headset-mic

To select internal microphone:

pacmd set-source-port alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo analog-input-internal-mic

You can use pacmd list-cards to get a list of sources names and ports names.
You can also use the terminal auto-complete feature to help craft the commands.

Now, let's bring everything together:

Switch to root with sudo su and create the script /etc/acpi/headset-microphone.sh

#!/bin/sh
export PULSE_RUNTIME_PATH="/run/user/1000/pulse/"
if [ "$1" = plug ]; then
  sudo -u you -E pacmd set-source-port alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo analog-input-headset-mic
else
  sudo -u you -E pacmd set-source-port alsa_input.pci-0000_00_1f.3.analog-stereo analog-input-internal-mic
fi

be sure to:

change you to your username
replace the pulseaudio source and ports with your values
make the script executable, chmod a+x /etc/acpi/headset-microphone.sh

then create the event listener, creating a file ´/etc/acpi/events/headset-microphone-plug´:

event=jack/headphone HEADPHONE plug
action=/etc/acpi/headset-microphone.sh plug

and the unplug event listener,  creating a file ´/etc/acpi/events/headset-microphone-unplug´:

event=jack/headphone HEADPHONE unplug
action=/etc/acpi/headset-microphone.sh unplug

and, as last thing, restart the acpi listening events service

systemctl restart acpid.service

After years, finally an gnome extension to save our lives
https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/1482/remove-audio-device-selection-dialog/


How to start a GUI software on a remote Linux PC via SSH Sometimes I need to start XMBC media player or other GUI software a one of my PC (small Xubuntu PC used as a media center).

Usually I do this starting a X11vnc server on the remote PC via SSH and than connecting with an Xvnc client to the Xfce desktop.

Is there a way to start a GUI software on a remote Linux PC via SSH?

Thanks!

Yes. You just need to run export DISPLAY=:0 (or whatever the remote display is numbered as) in your ssh session and programs run will run on the remote display. A quick example:

oli@bert:~$ ssh tim
oli@tim:~$ export DISPLAY=:0
oli@tim:~$ firefox

Firefox is now running on tim's display.

However when you close your ssh session, most of the time the remote application will close. If you want to disconnect from ssh but leave the application running you need to launch it in a special way using something like screen (keeps the ssh session running in the background) or nohup, or another method. For more information on this there was recently another question on it.

You can shorten this all down into one command that will connect, export the display in-line and start the application in a way that won't close it after the ssh session dies:

ssh tim "DISPLAY=:0 nohup firefox"

Make this settings on remotehost:

ssh remotehost 'grep -i x11 /etc/ssh/sshd_config'
   X11Forwarding yes
   X11DisplayOffset 10

After that, you can run GUI application:

ssh -Y -t remotehost 'sudo gparted'

or

ssh -Y remotehost
sudo gparted


Ubuntu 64bit or 32bit We have a Advent PC that has 2GB of RAM and a 2.20GHz (I can list full specs if needed) 64bit CPU, on Ubuntu's website it says if you have 2GB of RAM or less install the 32bit version; but couldn't we benefit if we installed Ubuntu 64bit? That way the OS could take advantage of the CPUs 64it instruction set. Any answer would be appreciated.

If you have a 64 bit CPU you can install a 64 bit version.

The 32 bit version of Ubuntu needs only 512MB RAM, the 64 bit version will need a minimum of 1024MB RAM. Since you have 2024MB RAM (2GB) you can install the 64 bit version on the 64 bit processor.

If you Installed Latest ubuntu 13.10 64 bit and get into any trouble just get the previous version (e.g 12.04 or earlier) those version deal with less RAM and your computer will be fine


How do I toggle sound with amixer? Including Natty I was always able to toggle (mute/unmute) the 'Master' sound volume with the

amixer sset Master toggle

command that I linked to an edge binding in CompizConfig-Manager.

Now after installing Oneiric the command only mutes the sound but doesn't unmute it. I even tried it in the Terminal but it also doesn't work. It changes 'Mono: Playback 68 [78%] [-14.25dB] [off]' to '...[on]' but the sound stays muted so that I have to unmute it via the 'sound-indicator' in the panel.

How can I get this working again? What did change since Natty? Does anyone know the command the 'sound-indicator' uses to toggle the sound volume?

This works for me on 13.04, both mute and unmute:

amixer -D pulse set Master 1+ toggle

It specifies pulse audio to ensure unmute, unmutes everything.

Brute force unmute:

for i in $(amixer |grep -o \'.*\'); do amixer set $i unmute; done


Mic not working after installing Ubuntu 18.04.5 LTS on my new Lenovo ThinkPad-X1-Carbon-Gen-8 I bought a new Lenovo ThinkPad-X1-Carbon-Gen-8.
My mic is not working at all.
I have Multichannel sof-hda-dsp under my input tab in "Sounds". Mic is on, but seems like doesn't work.
Any idea what can be done? The few solutions in the forums did not help.
Thanks

This specific model has a multichannel input that is relatively new and although supported by Ubuntu 18.04, the device must be manually identified using PulseAudio's module-alsa-source like so:
pacmd load-module module-alsa-source device=hw:0,6

Please, note that you need to run alsamixer afterwords and unmute the newly added input device.

The above solution is discussed in detail in this post: 18.04 issues with X1 Carbon: alsamixer config + Microphone issues: What does “pacmd” do here?

It was first ( I think ) mentioned in this post: Microphone not working on ubuntu 18.04 with device Multichannel input-sof-hda-dsp

There are many possible causes of this problem.
In your System Settings or by directly clicking on the Sound icon from the bottom taskbar, go to the Input tab and check that the default microphone is set to your desired input device. Next, see that the input level is high enough to accept incoming voices. If this is clearly satisfied, then please proceed to next point.
Go to the software that is being used to input/record your voice. Configure in-software settings to fix the sound. From Software Settings > Sound > Microphone > Enabled/Disabled fix the sound issue.
If the issue is still not working out, then you have to change your software to record or input your voice.
Hope it will help you out :}


For some reason I want to set the system date to earlier month but I am unable to set it For some reason I want to set the system date to earlier month in my ubuntu 12.04 machine? But I am unable to set it. When I tried to change the system time to earlier month or year getting back to the original current date. I deselected Automatically from the internet and selected Manually.

How can I do it Please guide me through. Any help will be appreciated. Thanks in advance

uninstall "ntpdate" package will disable automatic time sync. To do it, run this command in the terminal

 sudo apt-get remove ntpdate

ref: For some reason I want to set the system date to earlier month but I am unable to set it

The issue:

Notes:

today is Sun. Mar 3, 2013
all date changes were made "Manually" using "Time & Date Settings..." as seen in the partial window displaying 03/01/2013
it was possible to change the time/date indicator ap. pull down menu, circled in yellow, to a different date (eventually!!! see below) ... it was changed to Sunday, 10 March 2013
the top right green circled date is usually not visible and is enabled using "Time & Date Settings..." from the "Clock" tab (for clarity the calendar display was also turned off)
note in particular that both green and yellow circled dates in the top right corner are manifestations of the indicator-datetime menubar panel.

The simple solution is to ignore the pull down menu date and turn on the menu bar indicator panel option to display date changes instead.

The utility ntpdate is NOT the problem.  The implementation of the service panel display for the time/date indicator service IS.

Note that a change of time is relatively immediate, within a minute or so, but a date change takes on another order of magnitude of time complexity to register with the time/date panel pull down menu service ie. it will happen but not for many ten's of minutes.

That the date change is effective immediately can be seen with the date terminal command, which DOES correctly show that the effective system time AND date ARE changed. This can be observed irregardless of network connectivity or any NTP daemon.

This is easily tested by simply severing ALL network connections (ie. simply dis-Enable Networking) so that any NTP service is ineffective without disturbing the install state of ntpdate.

(PS. sudo date -s 2013-04-01 is highly effective in any ambient ntpdate state.)

If the source of the problem were the ntpd or ntpdate then difficulties would manifest with both the date AND time, not just with one chronometer component.

Observe closely the discrepancy between the panel pull down menu date annotation with the panel date if displayed.

:[From Time & Date Settings and the tab Clock select both Show a clock in the menu bar and Date and month and then change the date AND compare to the pull down menu :! ;]


Sound stopped working on an HP ProBook 6550b The sound on my HP ProBook 6550b stopped working a couple of days ago. I get sound via headphones just fine. I did run alsamixer and all bars are at 100. I did check other posts but couldn't find something that helped.

Executing this worked for me:

killall pulseaudio; rm -r ~/.pulse*; sudo usermod -aG `cat /etc/group | grep -e '^pulse:' -e '^audio:' -e '^pulse-access:' -e '^pulse-rt:' -e '^video:' | awk -F: '{print $1}' | tr '\n' ',' | sed 's:,$::g'` `whoami`

This was extracted from a bigger sequence of commands posted in this blog.

Make sure that there is nothing wrong with the speakers inside the computer. If not download the driver by typing in google : sound driver for Hp probook 6550b and download the relevant file. To make sure the file opens, download 'wine' from the ubuntu software centre. It is a program that opens files compatible with Microsoft Windows. Hope this helps!


How to merge several PDF files? There are a lot of software in Windows to merge PDF files but how can we do the same in Ubuntu?

pdftk

To merge two pdf files, file1.pdf and file2.pdf:

pdftk file1.pdf file2.pdf cat output mergedfile.pdf

More info available hereWay Back Machine.

To install, run:

sudo snap install pdftk

Here is my approach:

I wanted it to be easily accessible so I created a right-click shortcut in Nautilus (see https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NautilusScriptsHowto)
I wanted it to be very quick so I used pdfunite
pdfunite only accepts the filepaths in the middle of the command so I had to scratch my head to manage the spaces in the filepaths. So I took the assumption that all filepaths will start with "/home/" and end with ".pdf"

Here is the result:

#!/bin/sh
CLEANED_FILE_PATHS=$(echo $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS | sed 's,.pdf /home/,.pdf\\n/home/,g')
echo $CLEANED_FILE_PATHS | bash -c 'IFS=$'"'"'\n'"'"' read -d "" -ra x;pdfunite "${x[@]}" merged.pdf'

Juste paste this script in

  /home/your_username/.local/share/nautilus/scripts

and name it "merge_pdfs.sh" (for example). Then make it executable (right-click on merge_pdfs.sh -> Permissions tab -> tick "Allow executing file as a program"

So now to merge pdf files, you just have to select them -> right click -> scripts -> merge_pdfs.sh and it will create a "merged.pdf" file in the same directory

Hope it helps!


Is there a graphical way of installing fonts in 11.10/Gnome 3 Possible Duplicate:
  How do I install fonts?

When testing 11.10, I wanted to install some fonts. However, it seems that I cannot simply double click a font file to install it. I've tried searching google, but I haven't found anything that says the gnome3 can't do this.  Is this going to be addressed? Is there a way I can install new fonts easily? (I know of the manual copying of the fonts to /usr/share/fonts/, but I'm just curious if there is something easier I've been missing.)

Thanks

Double click on the font, and on the right hand side of the font viewer click on "Install Font".

Alternatively, the manual way is to crate a folder called .fonts in your home directory and save fonts in there.

Also there is this wiki page: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Fonts

To install fonts on Ubuntu 11.10, try this:

Download the font.
Execute: sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/custom
Execute: sudo mv <caminho.onde.esta.o.arquivo>/Monaco_Linux.ttf /usr/share/fonts/truetype/custom
Execute: sudo fc-cache -f -v


How to backup settings and list of installed packages If I want to make a backup of everything I have done since the fresh install of Ubuntu, what are the possible options? What all should I backup? I want to get all the settings that I changed, all the packages I installed, etc.

Programs

A quick way of backing up a list of programs is to run this:

dpkg --get-selections > ~/Package.list
sudo cp -R /etc/apt/sources.list* ~/
sudo apt-key exportall > ~/Repo.keys

It will back them up in a format that dpkg can read* for after your reinstall, like this:

sudo apt-key add ~/Repo.keys
sudo cp -R ~/sources.list* /etc/apt/
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dselect
sudo dselect update
sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/Package.list
sudo apt-get dselect-upgrade -y

* You may have to update dpkg's list of available packages or it will just ignore your selections (see this debian bug for more info). You should do this before sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/Package.list, like this:

apt-cache dumpavail > ~/temp_avail
sudo dpkg --merge-avail ~/temp_avail
rm ~/temp_avail

Settings and Personal Data

Before you reinstall, you should probably back up the settings from some of your programs, this can easily be done by grabbing folders from /etc and all the content from your user directory (not just the stuff you can see in nautilus!):

rsync --progress /home/`whoami` /path/to/user/profile/backup/here

After you reinstall, you can restore it with:

rsync --progress /path/to/user/profile/backup/here /home/`whoami`

So all together as a pseudo-bash script.

This assumes there is only one user on the machine (remove /'whoami' otherwise) and that you used the same username on both installs (modify dest. of rsync otherwise).

dpkg --get-selections > ~/Package.list
sudo cp -R /etc/apt/sources.list* ~/
sudo apt-key exportall > ~/Repo.keys
rsync --progress /home/`whoami` /path/to/user/profile/backup/here

##  Reinstall now

rsync --progress /path/to/user/profile/backup/here /home/`whoami`
sudo apt-key add ~/Repo.keys
sudo cp -R ~/sources.list* /etc/apt/
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install dselect
sudo dpkg --set-selections < ~/Package.list
sudo dselect

To backup all your installed packages, with a GUI, you can use the Ubuntu Software Center. Go in Menu (then log-in) and Sync all your packages. When you will need to reinstall, select all packages from a machine and click 'install' from the same menu.

From the command line (CLI) you can also use OneConf (oneconf).

I didn't check for a year; maybe this now has more options like some settings instead of only packages listing backup.


Connecting to wrong IP sudo apt-get update

When I try this command on terminal it says:

0% [Connecting to 107.108.85.10 (107.108.85.10)] [Connecting to 107.108.85.10 (1

Which I'm not sure is which IP... It's definitely not my IP address. How to resolve this?

Check your internet connectivity. Try ping www.google.com to see if it's working correctly.
Try to check / change your DNS. To do this, follow the answers from this question: What is the proper way to change the DNS IP?

This is what I did:

Go to System Settings
Network
Network proxy (Method choose None and then Apply system wide)


Simon Listens 4.0 build error When trying to install Simon Listens 4.0, I get this error message:

sudo ./build_ubuntu.sh CMake
Error at /usr/share/cmake-2.8/Modules/FindKDE4.cmake:98
(MESSAGE): ERROR: cmake/modules/FindKDE4Internal.cmake not found in /home/me/.kde/share/apps;/usr/share/kde4/apps
Call Stack (most recent call first): CMakeLists.txt:17 (find_package)

-- Configuring incomplete, errors occurred!

Could someone please tell me how to fix this. I am using Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit.

The FindKDE4Internal.cmake file is in the kdelibs5-dev package. Just install that and you should be go.

You need to install libasound2 with  sudo apt-get install libasound2 package.


Missing parameter in configuration file. Keyword: path Im trying to boot ubuntu 14.10-server-i386 in a pendrive.

But im getting this error when boot from pendrive.

  Missing parameter in configuration file. Keyword: path

What does it mean? How to overcome that?

After the error message, try hitting Tab, type in live and hit Enter. This should get you to the Ubuntu desktop from where you can use the Install icon to go forward with the installation.

This is a bug. It happens when you create a bootable USB stick with an older version of Ubuntu than the version being installed on the USB stick.

Although the answer selected by the person who asked the question works to get around the issue it does not fix it as you have to do it every time you boot the USB stick.

To fix the USB installation so you do not have to type live and hit Enter every time you want to use it to live boot:

In the boot: prompt after you hit the error above, type live and press Enter, to start the Live USB session.

Open a terminal (e.g. with Ctrl+Alt+t) and type each command line below one by one:

sudo -i
apt-get update
apt-get install syslinux
mount | grep cdrom

The last command above tells you to which device your bootable USB is on.

Important! replace <device> in the command below in the terminal with the device in the output of the last command above. Which will be something like /dev/sdb1

syslinux <device>

For a more detailed version of this answer see this answer.


How to resize the top panel in Unity? I want to resize (increase size) the Ubuntu 11.10 top taskbar, no the unity launcher, i've searched it on google, but i'm not encountered any solution.

I need it only for customize my Ubuntu 11.10 installation, for make it more aestetic.

For 12.04:

Yes, now you can.

Unfortunately you can't do it by options or theming (even if adding a more CCSM option would be trivial), but you can easily change the plugins/unityshell/PanelStyle.cpp (in 12.04) or panel/PanelStyle.cpp (in later versions) panel_height property, setting it to a value you want. See:

The only thing that doesn't "match" that value, is the icon size. However you can increase their size easily by editing the value defined in PanelIndicatorEntryView::MakePixbuf (currently hardcoded to 22px) and then rebuild Unity:

How do I build Unity from source?

Hey Guys I think I found a way to reduce the icon size in the top panel.I am using ubuntu 13.10 but am pretty sure it should work for the previous versions too.

First install kde system settings by adding

sudo apt-get install systemsettings

Open the kde system setting and navigate to th Icons tab

At this point you have the option to tweak the icons size on the panels so you select advance and then choose panel.

Now you can tweak the icon size of the indicators and system apps on the panels.


Setting up aliases in zsh I know that in bash you can set up aliases in a .bash_aliases file so that the command you type doesnt need to be a command stored in the binaries in the system.  Is there any way I can get aliases into zsh?

I go back and forth between bash and zsh, and use the same .aliases file for both. They share the same basic alias syntax, so you can create a .aliases file and link it to .bashrc and .zshrc:
.bashrc
if [ -f ~/.aliases ]; then
    . ~/.aliases
fi

.zshrc
source $HOME/.aliases

FWIW this can also be done with environment variable declarations, in a separate .env file.

.zshrc
add this line at the bottom of the file

Assuming that your aliases located in ~/.profile

source ~/.profile


How to fix an upgrade interruption from 10.04 to 10.10? I was in the process of upgrading from 10.04 to 10.10 via the update manager. In the midst of the installation process, the system lost power. Now when I boot, the login window shows nothing. How do I fix this?

Boot into a recovery mode and run the following command,

sudo dpkg --configure -a
  sudo apt-get --fix-missing
  sudo apt-get -f install

Probably the best way is to try and upgrade (Via CD) with 11.04. The CD "upgrade" option does not exist for 10.10


Is there a free cloud service where I can practice installing Linux? I want to learn how to install and configure different Linux distros, and practice this hands-on. I was wondering if there was any free cloud (or other online) storage services you can recommend for doing this? I'm based in the UK if that makes any difference.

You can do it on your own current operating system.

Use Virtual machines (Virtual Box is good) and install any number of machines(which are called guests). Try them, test them out without harming the stability of your main system(which is the host).

Most virtualization software is available for Linux as well as Windows hosts.

Hope that's a better solution than a cloud service. Most people use virtualization to accomplish testing and trying.

While not quite free, most good vps providers use per-minute pricing, and can be under $10/month, meaning you'll literally just pay a few cents for the kind of practice you probably want to do. A year or two back I had one I just experimented with and cancelled, and when the bill was well under the minimum their payment system allowed to be loaded by credit card, their support team just cancelled the bill entirely (making it effectively free).


not such file or directory is found I have downloaded a bin installation file named "LianjaAppBuilder-1.2.2-linux-x86_64-installer1.bin". I want to run it in terminal but when i type "./LianjaAppBuilder-1.2.2-linux-x86_64-installer1.bin" it says not such file or directory is found. How can I run this file?

Check you are in same directory where it downloaded. If not, go to the directory where it downloaded using the cd command.
Give execute permission to the file using the command: chmod u+x file
Now try to execute ./example-file
If asked for root permission, prefix the command with sudo


I am trying to boot an old windows xp computer without any working hard drives from my Ubuntu USB I have a computer on which it's original hard drive failed. I created a Ubuntu USB running 14.04.4. When I boot to the USB, I get the installation page. I let the timer start the boot process. After a couple minutes, I get a error saying no live file system was found.

NOTE: During the Ubuntu "loading" screen there are a bunch of errors saying "line 7 /dev/sdc no medium found

It is very possible that it being an old XP system that you dont have proper USB boot support from the motherboard. I have an old system like that. It has options like boot from USB FDD/CD/HDD but those dont detect modern "flash drives" for one reason or another.

What I use for this is the Plop Boot Manager burnt on to a CD which will load in just about anything. Since it is a CD.

https://www.plop.at/en/bootmanagers.html

Try hiting pause for 2-5 minutes during startup, before it boots.
I've heard some new drives have some problems on checking in for boot.

Considering you have done everything right for creating the USB stick with ubuntu.

In case you don't know it is not just DD the iso to the usb stick.
there is a nice usb creator that comes with ubuntu. (usb-creator-gtk). You'll also need the .iso file.

Perhaps your pc doesn't meet requirements for running, you could consider Lubuntu or other light version, or even Puppy.


Can I install Ubuntu by formatting disk partition c, without loosing my files from other disk partitions I am fed up with windows so i want to delete whole windows in partition c and install Ubuntu on it without loosing my data from other partitions can i do it? If yes then how.
Help would be appreciated.
Thanks in advance

By convention, partition 'c' in UNIX is the whole disk, so reformatting this will destroy all the data on that drive.
Best practices are to back up your files on a USB or other media first and then reinstall the files after installing UNIX.  This way, you don't need to be extra careful about protecting existing data during the install.  If you no longer need windows, it's best to do this even if the data is on a different partition as you can reload the data into a faster and more functional native file system, rather than keeping it in a win/dos filesystem.


How can i execute a jar file? to execute a jar file, at the first i installed  openjdk pakeges and then  next command:

java -jar ccnChat.jar

I got this error:
Failed to load Main-Class manifest attribute from ccnChat.jar

then i tried another way:
i right clicked on the jar file, and i marked allow executing file as program from  permissions tab and i chose openjdk as  its default program. then i double clicked on jar file but it didn't open. And there is not any message or error. Could u please help me that how can i execute this jar file?

"Failed to load Main-Class manifest" => This is not a problem with you JDK but only with your MANIFEST.MF file. Have you specified a main-class? Your manifest file should be like this :

Manifest-Version: 1.0
Created-By: 1.7.0_06 (Oracle Corporation)
Main-Class: MyPackage.MyClass

Then you could try to execute again :

java -jar ccnChat.jar

Use the following command:
java -jar file.jar

The answer needs to haveat least thirty words,
so here is some more text, just ignore it


I can use my Java SDK Ubuntu installation when Wine need it? If I have Java RE in Ubuntu, and I have a program that runs in Wine (Windows) but need java, do I need to install twice Java? It's doesnt exist a way to connect both.

My question is not how to install Java RE in Wine, my cuestion is 100% theory. Why wine can't use my JRE installation instead of installing in windows JRE.

Why can't Wine use my JRE installation instead of installing Windows JRE?

Linux executables are generally not compatible with Windows (they do not run in Windows). In particular the Linux versions of JRE are not compatible with Windows programs. Only Windows versions of JRE are compatible with Windows programs, so you need to install the Windows JRE in order for it to be compatible with Windows programs running in Wine.
Installation
The link to download the Java file you want is: Java Downloads for Windows. Download an Offline Java version. The installation instructions are available at the official What is the offline method for downloading and installing Java for a Windows computer? webpage.

You could do wine start /unix to launch a native application. In this case you could do something like
"which java" to find the path to java-> let us say that is usr/[somPath]/java

Then do this to launch the native unix Java
"wine start /unix usr/[somPath]/java" to run the native java from wine.


How to report a bug to the installer? I'm trying to install Ubuntu server on an old Mac workstation with EFI firmware, and I'm trying to use software raid for the root partition. The installation aborts during package installation(maybe configuration), complaining about busybox-initrd. This happens both on server 14.04.1 and on server 14.10. How can I report this bug?

I found this link should help :

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ReportingBugs


I Installed Ubuntu and now my Windows 7 is gone I just downloaded ubuntu yesterday then i installed it (Ubuntu 12.10

I did not do any partitions just automatic installing it

Is it completely gone?

Uhm i have my games inside the C:\

I wanted to play it on Ubuntu

Where can i find my games :)

Please answer thank you :)

It seems you have erased your Windows. Check how to install Ubuntu to learn more about dual-boot installing, and the answers given to this question to try to recover your data.

In order to run Windows programs, you would have to install Wine and then install the applications there.

If you locate the disk application in Ubuntu (either search in the menu or download if necessary in the app store or Synaptic package manager), it will display the format of your current partition, from there you can select to allow the largest disk within your partition to boot windows NFTS (it is imperative you choose this boot format) and once you change it to allow that boot mode you can restart your computer and load windows onto your device with the OS CD. Then once you have the system loaded onto your device you can proceed to re-install Linux.

Hope this works for you!


How to troubleshoot random freezes, when alt+sysrq doesn't work? How do I troubleshoot random freezes, where the system does not accept any input?

I have a computer that used to run Ubuntu a few years back without any problems (I don't know wether any hardware has changed). Recently, no matter which Linux distribution I install, it will randomly freeze to a point where the cursor is frozen and it doesn't respond to any keyboard input, including alt+sysrq (when the system isn't frozen I can alt+sysrq REISUB and it will reboot). There are no answers in What should I do when Ubuntu freezes? that appear to 'work' in this situation.

I've triggered the freeze with the following systems: Ubuntu 12.04, Ubuntu 14.04, Ubuntu 14.10, Ubuntu 15.04, Ubuntu 15.10, as well as Fedora 22 and 23 (all 64 bit versions).
It happens with XFCE, Unity and even Gnome, it happens with nouveau and different versions of the proprietary nvidia driver.
It can freeze even as early as during the installation, or during a live session. Sometimes the system will run for 5 minutes before freezing and sometimes two hours.
The same hardware can run a Windows operating system for days without issues.

I have tried setting up Kernel Crash Dump, but it doesn't seem to trigger when the system freezes. There are no entries in syslog or kern.log that appear to have been written just before the freeze. On some freezes, the last entry in syslog or kern.log was 30 minutes earlier.

Update:
I have disconnected a wireless network card as well as a USB webcam, will let the machine run over night to see if one of those is causing it. Will update with results.

Update 2:
It froze again. I'm literally out of ideas. Any suggestions are welcome.

Update3:
Some hardware specs that might be relevant:

Motherboard: Sabertooth 990FX R2.0

CPU: AMD FX-8350 Black Edition

GPU: GeForce GTX 660

Update3:

I have recently upgraded the bios of the Sabertooth 990FX R2.0 to Version 2501 (the latest version currently available), without any luck.

Update 4:

I've ran a memtest for 9 hours, several passes and not a single error. There are two DIMMS seated in slot 2 and 4 on the motherboard. I have now tried removing the one from slot 4, and will see if I can reproduce the freeze. Will swap them around afterwards.

Update 5:

It has run for many hours without freezing so far, I'm finding it hard to believe myself. It might be solved, but I don't understand why. I guess I'll try and give it a few days to be sure.

Update 6:

There have been no freezes, and I must conclude that they were caused by faulty memory. Since the memtest didn't show any errors, chances are I would've never figured out what was wrong had I not started disconnecting 'random' parts. Is this the best approach really? If someone can write up a more systematic way to go at something like this, perhaps with troubleshooting from within Ubuntu, I will award them the bounty.

Here is what works for me .

Whenever Ubuntu freezes and no keyboard or mouse input works for me I launch a fullscreen login terminal ( I don't know the proper name) by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1.

After the terminal  is launched I again press Ctrl+Alt+F7. And it brings me back to my original GUI Ubuntu working environment.

And Ubuntu unfreezes.

 Additional Info

After launching that terminal you can logout or restart or do whatever you want to do in a traditional terminal.

You can use any of the buttons F1 to F6 using the combination above to launch the terminals. And can launch the GUI environment using F7 as described above.


Can I create another user in my window 7 computer to install the ubuntu? My computer is window 7 but I would like to try the Ubuntu so can I create another user to install the Ubuntu or just do like the tutorial in Wubi ?

No, You can directly use the Live Session to Try the Ubuntu Os.

Wubi is not suggested (exept some people who here to tell you different).
Download the ISO file of your prefered version, 12.04 LTS or 12.10 (or earlier).

You can make a disc or a DOK (Disk On Key) by the guides here, and we can also help (:
Boot from the disk/DOK and you will get to a menu with Options to try Ubuntu, install Ubuntu and more.

^^


Zone AFXR fails on permission error - dumping master file: /etc/bind/zones/tmp-yVIchKNnUC: open: permission denied I am getting my butt kicked by a simple permissions error. Research indicates that is all this is and I'm not sure what proper permissions should be set. Oddly enough BIND indicates success AND resolves queries for the hosts in the zone file. Here is what it looks like:

Primary
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone 127.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone 255.in-addr.arpa/IN: loaded serial 1
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone example.com/IN: loaded serial 2017061503
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone localhost/IN: loaded serial 2
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: all zones loaded
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: running
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone 40.0.10.in-addr.arpa/IN: sending notifies (serial 2017061502)
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: zone example.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2017061503)
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: client 10.0.40.89#60405 (example.com): transfer of 'example.com/IN': AXFR-style IXFR started (serial 2017061
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns1 named[1151]: client 10.0.40.89#60405 (example.com): transfer of 'example.com/IN': AXFR-style IXFR ended

Secondary
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: client 10.0.40.88#59749: received notify for zone 'example.com'
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: zone example.com/IN: notify from 10.0.40.88#59749: serial 2017061503
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: zone example.com/IN: Transfer started.
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: transfer of 'example.com/IN' from 10.0.40.88#53: connected using 10.0.40.89#60405
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: zone example.com/IN: transferred serial 2017061503
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: zone example.com/IN: transfer: could not set file modification time of '/etc/bind/zones/db.example.com': permission denied
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: transfer of 'example.com/IN' from 10.0.40.88#53: Transfer status: success
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: transfer of 'example.com/IN' from 10.0.40.88#53: Transfer completed: 1 messages, 7 records, 199 bytes, 0.001 secs (199000 by
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: zone example.com/IN: sending notifies (serial 2017061503)
Jun 15 23:48:28 dns2 named[1138]: dumping master file: /etc/bind/zones/tmp-dvJaLDDA7o: open: permission denied

root is the owner, so I am a little perplexed.

chris@dns2:~$ ls -la /etc/bind/zones
total 12
drwxr-sr-x 2 root bind 4096 Jun 16 08:54 .
drwxr-sr-x 3 root bind 4096 Jun 15 23:12 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 root bind  270 Jun 15 23:05 db.target.lab
chris@dns2:~$

I solve this problem by changing apparmor rules in /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.named.

I've edit the file and changed the line:

  /etc/bind/** r,

to

  /etc/bind/** rw,

and then:

service apparmor restart
service bind9 restart

This change also prevent permission denied errors when saving files to /etc/bind/slave.

You must change the owner to user bind because who is writting over files is the service.

cd /etc
chown -R bind bind


How do I get the Wifi IP address on Ubuntu touch Is it possible to get the IP-address of the wireless connection on a mobile device with Ubuntu touch even when it's not connected via USB?

you can connect your device to pc throught with USB.

you can read [this website][https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Touch/ReleaseNotes#SshAccess], a paragraph about Accessing the devcie over ssh


I can not install or remove apps After trying to install bumblebee and nvidia prime Here are the details which terminal output when trying to remove or upgrade

I tried autoremove - install configure dpkg and nothings work for me

Removing nvidia-331 (331.89-0ubuntu1~xedgers14.04.2) ...
stop: Unknown instance:
userdel: existing lock file /etc/subgid.lock without a PID
userdel: cannot lock /etc/subgid; try again later.
dpkg: error processing package nvidia-331 (--remove):
 subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 18
Errors were encountered while processing:
 nvidia-331
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

The solution in post #4 of How do I uninstall this program (jetty) fixed this problem for me.


My laptop gets super hot when charging since an update under Ubuntu 18.04 I installed Ubuntu 18.04 LTS on my laptop（Machrevo,with i5-8265U,nvidia MX250). My laptop's OEM system is Windows 10, and previously it would get super hot (maybe 220F，I guess) when charging. The manufacturer admitted it was caused by defects in BIOS and then I get my BIOS ec updated（on Windows). After that it got cooler under Windows (CPU temperature 160-180F when charging).
But Windows 10 didn't meet my needs so I installed Ubuntu 18.04. Until a week ago, on temperature side, it looked great. Very few times my CPU got hotter than 70F, even charging. But this week after a sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade the cooling system seems to have stopped working (the fan does not turn on automatically, and before it had three gears but now it seems only to work at the minimum even when the temperature gets higher than 240F (burns my hand) and everything crashes because CPU cannot work in this situation.
I tried installing tlp after that. (I just sudo start tlp. Will it work?) The temperature went down a bit but is still much higher than before (and expected). I went to /var/crash and /var/log** but find nothing. So there are no logs I can show you guys.
Here is the output of  lspci -k | grep -EA3 'VGA|3D|Display'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 3ea0 (rev 02)
    Subsystem: Device 1b50:1018
    Kernel driver in use: i915
    Kernel modules: i915
--
01:00.0 3D controller: NVIDIA Corporation Device 1d13 (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Device 1b50:5515
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8111/8168/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet Controller (rev 15)

Maybe someone can help me figure it out? Or tell me how to configure TLP to reduce the heat?

Under volting helps a lot when there is over heating (and by lot I mean A LOT). To be on a safer side, manufacturers supply higher voltage than required to the CPU (which causes heating), as at very lower voltages CPU doesn't work properly under stress. Under volting is completely safe. It will not void your warranty what so ever. Under volting is basically removing the excess voltage supplied and giving the minimum voltage required to run the CPU smoothly.
Try intel-undervolt from here.
Here is a guide to help you along.
Some terms in the guide might be depricated. Refer the first link for the deprecated terms.
As of selecting the offset, I use undervolt 0 'CPU' -130 in the /etc/intel-undervolt.conf file. As a beginner I would suggest you to stick to undervolting the CPU only.
To find the correct offset (unique to each CPU piece. Same CPU but on different computer could have different ideal offset) slowly  lower the offset by small values (I used 10), and at the point where your PC crashes, is the threshold. And set the final value to threshold - 10. In my case it crashed at 140 so I set is to 130.
The only down side is that you will have to apply the settings on every boot. I have created an alias with alias us='sudo intel-undervolt apply && sudo tlp start'. So I just have to type us in the terminal on a boot, and then I am good to go.
Note: the crashing of PC to calculate the offset is completely safe. It will not damage you hardware whatsoever.
Note: Any Intel CPU can go to -125 at least, above that comes the difficult part. If you want to take it to the limit, then only try increasing it step by step. Other wise -125 will work just fine for any Intel CPU.


Marlin file manager doesn't launch due to libunity.so.6 missing I just installed Marlin file browser, from the marlin-dev ppa.

Problem is, wehn i try to launch it, i get this error:

stewart@StudioLaptop2:~$ marlin
marlin: error while loading shared libraries: libunity.so.6: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

What should I do?

P.S. - I've tried it in Gnome-shell and Unity, but get same error :(

Not a very proper solution ...

  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/libunity.so.9 /usr/lib/libunity.so.6

... but it works as expected.

Install apt-find and search the required packages:

apt-find libunity.so.6

It should give You the name of the package containing the required lib. Then write:

sudo apt-get install package_name

It will help only if the problem occurs because of unresolved dependencies. If it doesn't help, try reinstalling the software.


How Do I Get Out Of This Mess Caused By Power failure While Upgrading To 11.10? I will start by saying I am an idiot.

I went to bed while upgrading from 11.04 to 11.10. When I woke up I realzed the power had gone. (where I live they 'take light')

Initially, booting up showed me several versions of Ubuntu and their 'safe mode' versions. (I have no idea where they came from).

Selecting one of them brought me to a screen saying

  "Waiting for Network fonfiguration"

Then after a while

  "Booting system without full network configuration"

After waiting for forever, I restarted my system. I now get to a blank black page.

How do I get out of this mess?

Ok, I am not sure if I should be answering my question or updating it. Let me know which is the proper thing and I will make the ammendment.

Here is how I fluked it:

When my battery died and I started it again, it showd me a scan disc check screen. After which, it returned the black screen of before.

I pressed all the function keys one after the other then ran my hand all over the keyboard.

I am not sure what particular key triggered a 'DOS looking' log in screen. I inputed my old username and password and it brought me to a 'terminal like' interface.

I did sudo apt-get upgrade

and it returned

dpkg was interrupted you must manually run 'dpkg -- configure - a'

I then ran that and responded accordingly. It began processing stuff for about 30 mins until I got to the login screen of 11.10

That was how I fixed it.

There is supposed to be a way to roll back with 11.10, but I haven't tried it yet, and I don't know if it's supposed to work in your scenario. But I suspect it will.


Fn+F8 does not switch displays on a Dell E6410 I recently upgraded to Oneric and found that Fn+F8 does not switch displays on Oneric, Dell E6410, Nvidia. I frequently run presentations and need to switch between projector and laptop with minimum fuss, so this key is important to me!

In Maverick, I managed to make it work using acpi_osi=\\\"!Windows 2009\\\" in grub (as described here: http://www.len.ro/2011/01/e6410-summary/). It's a bit shameful to go into a room of people, plug the laptop and wait 5 minutes to make the change using nvidia-settings. How can I make the Fn+F8 work again?

After a bit of debuging with xev it seems that the acpi_osi has some effect but the videoswitch does not take place somewhere else even if /var/log/XOrg.0.log shows:

  [ 24182.812] (II) PM Event received: Capability Changed

Maybe there is some other place where the event is not handled correctly.

Finally I gave up and decided to adopt the simpler solution of using disper.

apt-add-repository ppa:disper-dev/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install disper

and then

disper -c to switch to external monitor and disper -s to return to main screen. I also configured a shortcut in xfce which I now use to map p to disper -c

Did it work in Windows? It may be that you are using the wrong key. Also, try using other keys (eg Fn+F5, Fn+F9, etc)


How to edit quicklist for a Mounted Device in the launcher? I know how to add quicklists for a standard launcher with a .desktop file in either ~/.local/share/applications or /usr/share/applications.

But I am  trying to create a quicklist for the icon that appears when a blank disc (CDR/DVD) is inserted.

A similar discussion took place in the Ayatana Mailing List. It is not possible to create a quicklist for mounted devices or CDs by just editing the .desktop files. You need to hard code this in Unity itself.

You can edit any of those .desktop files, whichever one you plan on having on your Unity bar to feature your command as a right-click shortcut. You can edit an existing shortcut and change the icon.

To create a launcher that has the blank disc icon, you can do that graphically either in the menu editor (alacarte) or even using a Nautilus script, then find your blank disc icon (icon sets normally have them in the .../devices/ folder), or get a template for a .desktop file and put the path to that icon in the Icon= field. Since the launcher will have the blank disc icon, now you can use the existing quicklist examples as a template and add all the right-click shortcuts you like.


Unity doesn't start for only one account I have several accounts in my Ubuntu 14.04. Only for one of of them, after login, unity doesn't start. I can only see the desktop background and the mouse icon. I tried all the solutions in: Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login), but they don't work.

After trying some stuff on Unity doesn't load, no Launcher, no Dash appears, I ended up following Problems after upgrading to 14.04 (only background and pointer after login) (warning: it removed the installed programs and settings, but the files were still there):

To fix "username"'s account, if you can get into the login screen or somewhere like that press ctrl + alt + F3 to get to a terminal (tty). Log in with "username" and password.

Now rename the directory /home/[user_name]/.config/dconf to /home/[user_name]/.config/dconf.broken.

To do this, run

cd .config
sudo mv dconf dconf.broken

You might need to re-enter your password now. Finally reboot:

reboot


How to resize disk partitions? This is a link to my disk partition image.

I want to increase the size of my ext4 disk by around 20-30 GB. I want to use the free space in my /dev/sda2 or /dev/sda3 or /dev/sda5 to increase my ext4 size. Please tell me how to do this in detail.

You can use gparted to move & resize your partitions. If you're going to be working on your root partition ie. "mounted at /" you'll need to make a livecd or bootable usb drive to boot into gparted.

More info can be found in this guide.

Edit: Now that your image link is working, I can be a little more clear. If you were to shrink and move to the right your sda5 partition that will add to the amount of unallocated space between sda7 and sda5.

Being that you're going to be working on your root parition, you'll need to do it from a gparted live usb.

Once you've shrunk sda5 to the right, you can drag the boundary of sda7 to the right, using that unallocated space to make it bigger.


Prioritize traffic from LAN computers I'm running torrent client on my headless Ubuntu server. Also number of computers are connected to this server, which is used as internet gateway/router. The question is whether it's possible to configure iptables to prioritize traffic from eth1(lan if) over local traffic generated by server? Something like QOS..

There are several alternatives to achieve what you are looking for. But first of all, yes it is possible. Though, many of the possibilities are rather complex.

One of the easiest options might be to run the torrent daemon under a own user\group. Then use iptables to mark all traffic from that user\group with a flag. Then later let the tc filter on that flag and put it in the low priority queue. Look at the bottom of this wiki for an idea.

For what you are asking do you only need two queues(fig 1.), one low priority and one high. Though it might be better to stick with something closer to this example.
You can adopt the example to your needs, just drop the part with nat and make the default mark lower value than the mark you will use for the traffic generated by the daemon.

So for my suggestion you can use something like iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -m owner --uid-owner ZZZZ -j MARK --set-mark 6 ZZZZ is the user identificator.

An alternative for setting a flag might be to use iptables -A OUTPUT -t mangle -m owner --uid-owner ZZZZ -j CLASSIFY --set-class X:Y where X and Y is the class identifier, and ZZZZ is the user identificator.

Fig 1:

+---------+
| root 1: |
+---------+
     |
+------------+
| class 1:1  |
+------------+
  |      |
+----+ +----+
|1:10| |1:11|
+----+ +----+

The best might be to have a leaf for every fw mark. But my best advice now is, read and try to understand the example referred above to adopt it to your needs. If you have any questions add them.

In the example referred above, is it important that you understand this part (fig 2.) when you want to write iptables rules for marking or classifying traffic. For a short explanation of it with a slightly different looking diagram have a look at this.

Fig 2:

First you have to understand how packet traverse the filters with iptables:

        +------------+                +---------+               +-------------+
Packet -| PREROUTING |--- routing-----| FORWARD |-------+-------| POSTROUTING |- Packets
input   +------------+    decision    +---------+       |       +-------------+    out
                             |                          |
                        +-------+                    +--------+
                        | INPUT |---- Local process -| OUTPUT |
                        +-------+                    +--------+

This will point you in the right direction:

Rules, Guidelines and Approaches

Linux Advanced Routing & Traffic Control HOWTO: Rate limiting a single host or netmask

A Traffic Control Journey: Real World Scenarios

Iptables Tutorial 1.2.2

You don't do this with iptables.  You need to change the routing metrics.

Set routing metrics for a network interface — Ubuntu Apps Directory

To give all other interfaces a higher priority than wlan0 simply run:

ifmetric wlan0 1

To reset the metrics of the routes attached to wlan0 simply run:

 ifmetric wlan0 0

more info here: http://0pointer.de/lennart/projects/ifmetric/


Backlight not working on Ubuntu 17.10, Lenovo P51, Xorg, NVIDIA Quadro M1200 After struggling to install NVIDIA drivers using the discrete graphics card, I finally recognized that my display backlight is always at full intensity and can not be changed via keyboard controls.

About my system

% sudo apt list --installed | grep nvidia
nvidia-387/artful,now 387.22-0ubuntu0~gpu17.10.2 amd64 [installed]
nvidia-opencl-icd-387/artful,now 387.22-0ubuntu0~gpu17.10.2 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-prime/artful,now 0.8.5 amd64 [installed,automatic]
nvidia-settings/artful,now 387.22-0ubuntu0~gpu17.10.1 amd64 [installed,automatic]

% ls /sys/class/backlight  # empty!

% ls /proc/acpi/ibm/
beep  bluetooth  cmos  driver  fan  hotkey  kbdlight  led  light  volume
% cat /proc/acpi/ibm/light
status:     off
commands:   on, off

% journalctl -b | grep backlight
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 systemd[1]: Created slice system-systemd\x2dbacklight.slice.
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 systemd[1]: Starting Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of leds:tpacpi::kbd_backlight...
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 systemd[1]: Started Load/Save Screen Backlight Brightness of leds:tpacpi::kbd_backlight.
Nov 17 10:46:22 P51 gsd-media-keys[1489]: Failed to set new screen percentage: GDBus.Error:org.gtk.GDBus.UnmappedGError.Quark._gsd_5fpower_5fmanager_5ferror.Code0: Screen backlight not available

% journalctl | grep ACPI
[...]
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 kernel: ACPI Error: [\_SB_.PCI0.XHC_.RHUB.HS11] Namespace lookup failure, AE_NOT_FOUND (20170531/dswload-210)
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 kernel: ACPI Exception: AE_NOT_FOUND, During name lookup/catalog (20170531/psobject-252)
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 kernel: ACPI Exception: AE_NOT_FOUND, (SSDT:ProjSsdt) while loading table (20170531/tbxfload-228)
Nov 17 10:46:10 P51 kernel: ACPI Error: 1 table load failures, 11 successful (20170531/tbxfload-246)
[...]

What I tried

I tried to modify GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT in /etc/default/grub (followed by update-grub2 and reboot) using always one of the following settings:

acpi_backlight=video
acpi_backlight=vendor # thinkpad_acpi.brightness...
acpi_backlight=native

I created /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia-brightness.conf:

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
    BoardName      "Quadro M1200"
    Option         "RegistryDwords" "EnableBrightnessControl=1"
EndSection

None of the above methods did yield any results worth mentioning.

I found a workaround that work with my HP Zbook 15 with a nvidia quadro K610M. But none of the UI or hotkeys work. I always have to use a terminal...

My solution was to set the acpi_backlight to none in the grub config (/etc/default/grub): GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash acpi_backlight=none"

Then I use the xbacklight command (just add it with apt-get install xbacklight)
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/xenial/man1/xbacklight.1.html

For instance for 50% of brightness I can type xbacklight =50.

Source: https://askubuntu.com/a/937133/783249


Can I run bash commands from an Ubuntu HTML5 App? I want to convert some bash scripts into GUI apps using the Ubuntu SDK to create an HTML5 app.

Is this possible?

Are there any tutorials besides the 'Meanings' one that demonstrate this?

What is the web server serving the apps? You can always put shell scripts in the /cgi-bin/ folder and invoke the URL.

sorry i'm so late but that's it
this is how to make an os command on php

<?php
shell_exec("os command"); ?>

<?php
// lets try to download file

shell_exec("wget filename.zip"); ?>

//Usage : let's make a youtube downloader for

name this index.htm

<title>youtube Downloader</title>

<form name="form1" action="downloader.php" method="POST">

<input type="text" name="youtube-id" size="25" value="Enter youtube video id ">

<input type="submit" value="download this video as mp4">

</form>

<?php
/** 'Askubuntu'
name this downloader.php
be sure that shell_exec is enabled & you have installed the youtube-dl
installation
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install youtube-dl
youtube-dl -o $videoid $videoid = youtube-dl download -o filename , the video link or video-id*/
$videoid = $_POST['expmonth'];
shell_exec("youtube-dl -o $videoid $videoid");
 print 'Download';
 ?>

you can make it check if the file exist print with if i just wanted to make a fast answer


CUPS service not working, can't find any logs I am running Ubuntu 14.10 and when I open up the Printers dialog, I get an error message "Printing service not available. Start the service on this computer or connect to another server".

The start service button is greyed out.

I have tried

$ sudo service cups start
start: Job is already running: cups

Followed by

ps -ef|grep cups | grep -v grep
root      1210     1  0 08:15 ?        00:00:03 /usr/sbin/cups-browsed

I've tried to find some information in the logs about this, but the logs haven't been touched for days (and they are zero bytes)

ls -t -l
total 96
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin    0 Jan  3 08:45 access_log
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin    0 Jan  3 08:45 page_log
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin 7920 Jan  2 13:22 access_log.1
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin 3389 Jan  2 13:17 page_log.1
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin  125 Dec 31 09:20 access_log.2.gz
-rw-r----- 1 root lpadmin    0 Dec 31 08:29 error_log
...

Only other clue I've found is the following repeated many times in dmesg

[17169.471390] audit: type=1400 audit(1421413284.183:1700): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/lib/cups/backend/cups-pdf" pid=26540 comm="apparmor_parser"
[17169.471398] audit: type=1400 audit(1421413284.183:1701): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="/usr/sbin/cupsd" pid=26540 comm="apparmor_parser"
[17169.492953] audit: type=1400 audit(1421413284.207:1702): apparmor="STATUS" operation="profile_replace" profile="unconfined" name="third_party" pid=26540 comm="apparmor_parser"
[17169.496523] init: cups main process (26541) terminated with status 1
[17169.496532] init: cups main process ended, respawning

I've tried

sudo apt-get purge cups
sudo apt-get install cups --install-suggests

but still no change.

I've filed a bug about this at https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/cups/+bug/1407958 but is there anything obvious I've missed/should have checked?

After a bit of searching and playing around, thanks to @Benjamin's comment above, I finally found that there is a default configuration file which should be installed in /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default.

I ran

sudo cp /usr/share/cups/cupsd.conf.default /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
sudo service cups restart

and since then it worked!

I still have no idea how the file got lost in the first place though.

I had an issue with a canon pixma 6800 in Linux Mint Tricia 19.3. It would not add in going through the add printers in your start menu. You have to add it directly into CUPS going to localhost:631 in your web browser and add it in there. I did it that way and it now works perfectly. So happy because I no longer need to go to the windows machine to use the canon.


How to exclude multiple directories with rsync? I am trying to backup my home directory using rsync, and I want to exclude some of the directories that contain junk.  I want to specifically exclude /home/ben/.ccache and /home/ben/build.  Unfortunately the documentation for rsync was information overload and didn't answer my question.  This is what I tried:

rsync -arv --exclude "/home/ben/.ccache:/home/ben/build" /home/ben /media/ben/thumbdrive/

What is the right way to do this?

OK I feel really dumb.  Before I even posted this question my friend showed me how to do it and it is really simple.  To exclude multiple directories you just use multiple --exclude=path switches.  So my command above properly written is as follows:
rsync -arv --exclude=.ccache --exclude=build /home/ben /media/ben/thumbdrive/

Note: Use relative paths with exclude. The paths are relative to the source directory, here /home/ben.

You can also exclude multiple paths within curly braces:

rsync -arv --exclude={.ccache,build} /home/ben /media/ben/thumbdrive/


How do I remove the KDE 4 Plasma Tool Box/cashew icon from the desktop? I'm looking to remove the "Tool Box" icon in the upper right hand corner of my KDE 4 desktop, but can't find any configuration setting anywhere to do so. I'm new to KDE 4, so it's quite possible I just haven't found that setting yet.

Is there any way to remove that icon from your desktop, or is it just a permanent, unmovable part of KDE?

You can delete the toolbox cashew widget this way:

Open a terminal and type: sudo -H dolphin or kdesudo dolphin enter your password
In dolphin, navigate to /usr/share/kde4/services
Search in this folder for plasma-toolbox, there should be 3 files named plasma-toolbox-(*something*).desktop
Make backups of these in another folder and delete the originals
log out and back in

Done, no more cashew :)

1) With the current Plasma design it is intended that the Toolbox is not easily removable because Plasma has a high configurability and the user always should have the possibility to get things back.

2) Still, the non-removable toolbox is a splinter in many user's eyes. So there is an ongoing discussion of how to let the user easily remove the toolbox while making sure there is always a way to "repair" a ill-configured desktop: https://forum.kde.org/viewtopic.php?f=285&t=125076


Is 'apt-get' deprecated? Lately, I've seen many people use

sudo apt

instead of

sudo apt-get

Also, Ubuntu keeps telling me to install things by sudo apt

The program 'foo' is currently not installed. You can install it by typing:
sudo apt install foo

(remember, foo is placeholder, not an app)

So, after this popularity in the community about using apt instead of apt-get, I'm starting to think that apt-get is deprecated and can no longer be used in my bash programs.

In my bash programs,

do I have to replace all apt-get commands with apt?
is apt-get dangerous?
will my programs still work?

No, apt-get is not deprecated. The man page of apt has this to say about apt vs. apt-get (and apt-cache):

  SCRIPT USAGE AND DIFFERENCES FROM OTHER APT TOOLS

  The apt(8) commandline is designed as an end-user tool and it may change behavior between versions. While it tries not to break
         backward compatibility this is not guaranteed either if a change seems beneficial for interactive use.

  All features of apt(8) are available in dedicated APT tools like apt-get(8) and apt-cache(8) as well.  apt(8) just changes the
  default
         value of some options (see apt.conf(5) and specifically the Binary scope). So you should prefer using these commands (potentially
  with
         some additional options enabled) in your scripts as they keep backward compatibility as much as possible.

apt also gives a warning that says

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

if it detects there is a pipe. For example:

$ apt show python | grep Package

WARNING: apt does not have a stable CLI interface. Use with caution in scripts.

Package: python
APT-Sources: http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 Packages

As for your questions,

  do i have to replace all apt-get commands with apt?

No, you don't have to replace apt-get with apt. Rather if you were using it in scripts, you should stick to apt-get because it has a stable CLI API and guaranteed backward compatibility.

  is apt-get dangerous?

apt is as dangerous as apt-get: you should only install software from sources you trust.

  can i use apt in Ubuntu 15.10?

Yup, you can. The problem here is you are still using Ubuntu 15.10, which is now unsupported! Please upgrade to 16.04, which is a LTS version.

  will my programs still work?

By programs, I assume you mean scripts. Yes, they will still work since apt-get is not deprecated. In fact, you should prefer to use apt-get in scripts for backward compatibility as suggested by apt's man page.

As you can see from the other answers, you can use either apt or apt-get. What I would like to add is that when I tried apt a few years ago, I noticed that it resolved conflicts in a different way than apt-get did. When the situation was tricky (something had to be removed, some package was pinned to a specific version, I downgraded a package or I used a mixture of packages from different releases), apt usually wanted to remove tons of packages or couldn't resolve the conflict.

Since apt-get was much better at these situations and it didn't have any downsides, I gave up on apt and kept using apt-get instead. This was several years ago, so this may have changed, but if you run into a similar situation, you may want to try both and see which one can resolve the conflict better.


How to Compress (More than one at a time) PDF files from terminal I work with lots of rather large imaged documents ranging from a few bites to multiple gigs of data per file. I need these documents to take up less storage space and especially to be more electronically portable and transmittable.

For single documents, I've been using:

ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook inputfile.pdf outputfile.pdf

Which code I found here on AskUbuntu, and it works great with individual files yielding around a 1 to 0.42 compression ratio resulting in an output file of less than half of the original size while maintaining an acceptable level of reading quality.

I want to now use this code for my pdf library of documents to convert ALL my previous pdf files using a single command from the terminal. My strategic objective is to avoid having to compress each individual pdf file individually; I want to type a line of code, hit enter, and then go do something else productive and come back and find this done, and I'm hoping to mogrify the files in place (as opposed to converting them, which would produce doubles of each file) in order to avoid having to delete the old files.

All these files are together in a single folder.

Any suggestions?

Thank you in advance!

You can use the same command or mogrify as you've said, just by adding a bit of bash.

find $HOME/PDF_Lib -iname '*.pdf' | while read pdf; do ps2pdf -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook "$pdf" "${pdf:0:(-4)}_new.pdf"; done

OR

find $HOME/PDF_Lib -iname '*.pdf' | while read pdf; do mogrify -resample 150 -compress JPEG -quality 80 "$pdf"; done

I used the following code with success on iOS terminal to compress multiple PDFs recursively. I posted it because I couldn't find something that worked for me with a simple copy and paste.

find . -name '*.pdf' | while read pdf; do gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dCompatibilityLevel=1.4 -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -dNOPAUSE -dQUIET -dBATCH -sOutputFile="${pdf}_new.pdf" "$pdf"; done

Note you may want a different output quality, sou you can change the -dPDFSETTINGS parameter as follows:

-dPDFSETTINGS=/screen: lower quality, smaller size.
-dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook: for better quality, but slightly larger pdfs.
-dPDFSETTINGS=/prepress: output similar to Acrobat Distiller "Prepress Optimized" setting.
-dPDFSETTINGS=/printer: selects output similar to the Acrobat Distiller "Print Optimized" setting.
-dPDFSETTINGS=/default: selects output intended to be useful across a wide variety of uses, possibly at the expense of a larger output file.


Is there a PPA to get the latest Mono and Monodevelop versions? I need to program dot net apps via Ubuntu, so where can I get them because I always failed to compile the source??

http://www.mono-project.com/docs/getting-started/install/linux/#debian-ubuntu-and-derivatives

Debian, Ubuntu, and derivatives
Add the Mono Project GPG signing key (if you don’t use sudo, be sure to switch to root):

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF

Next, add the package repository (if you don’t use sudo, be sure to switch to root):

echo "deb http://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian wheezy main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-xamarin.list

Update your package cache if necessary (i.e. run apt-get update), and run a package upgrade to upgrade existing packages to the latest available. Then install Mono as described in the Usage section.

Note: While the APT package is built against Debian Wheezy, it is compatible with a number of Debian derivatives (including Ubuntu) which means you can use the same repository across all these distributions.

In addition to the other answers is https://launchpad.net/~directhex/+archive/monoxide which is "maintained by official Debian/Ubuntu Mono team".


Headphones not working after installing Ubuntu 16.04 I'm a Ubuntu-newbie (1 month) and unable to understand why my headphones worked yesterday before bedtime - and now suddenly are not working after installing new update this morning.

Also I am too new and unexperienced to formulate the question correctly I'm sure :-)

Please help!

I am also a newbie to Ubuntu installed it just last week on my PC :) This helped me and I hope this helps you too ;)

Here is a snap of what my Unity GUI tells me about the Sound settings.

Go to the sound Settings -> Press the super key / winkey (Ex-Windows user) and type sound.
On the Output tab select the Headphones that is connected to the system.
Un-mute and change the output volume value.

I use VLC player so I changed some settings over there and made it stick into the changelog.

Open VLC Player
Select Tools | Preferences from the menu.
Open the Audio Tab and select All option at the bottom.This should result in a screen 'Advanced Preferences'.
Change the Audio -> Output module to ALSA audio output.
Save the setting - using the Save Button in the lower left of the Screen.
Close the VLC Player (the setting will be applied the next time you open VLC)
Open VLC Player and select Tools | Preferences | Audio | Output modules | ALSA
If the USB Headphones you use are not in the list, then select the Refresh button.
Select the USB Headphones you use from the list, then select the Save button.

I did tinker around with a few other commands that I found here (link1, link2, link3)

Truth be told I am a newbie to this place and this is my first answer. I hope I helped at least a bit ＿φ(°-°=)


Ubuntu 12.04 on Dell Inspiron n5010 Laptop. I can't install the ATI drivers! After a clean install of Ubuntu 12.04 on my Dell Inspiron n5010 Laptop, I can't install the ATI drivers! How I can fix this? Because my laptop gets very hot & is too slow! the battery runs immediately! :( Gretts!

From: Dell Upgrade to 13.04 & 13.10 No wifi, graphic card driver and bluetooth Problem?
Wifi/Graphics Driver Fix

I used the commands:
sudo apt-get remove bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install bcmwl-kernel-source

This worked to re-install the wifi drivers and now my wifi is working.
I was thinking maybe this will work for the graphics driver for ATI/AMD cards.
So I tried to re-install the graphics drivers and it worked.
Command for graphics fix was:
sudo apt-get remove fglrx
sudo apt-get install fglrx

As you can see, now all seems to be working.

Dell Inspirion N-5050

Ddownload two .deb packages: dkms and bcmwl-kernel-source.

Install it! It is works!

Edit: the easiest way to install these packages is using apt. Open a terminal (Alt + Ctrl + T) and type:

sudo apt-get install dkms bcmwl-kernel-source


How do I add a PPA in a shell script without user input? Basically, I want to run add-apt-repository ppa:(whatever) without the "press Enter to continue" prompt. How would I do this?

Essentially, I want to deploy adding a repository in a shell script without user input.

The script goes like this

#! /bin/sh
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:(Your ppa here) -y

BTW you will still have to enter password.

Of course if you really want to impress R2D2, you can avoid the password prompt as well.  Prepare your user account to look like this:

you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$ cat /home/you/.bash_login;
# ASK_PASS service for you «begins»
export SUDO_ASKPASS="/home/you/.ssh/.supwd.sh";
# ASK_PASS service for you «ends»
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$ cat /home/you/.ssh/.supwd.sh;
#!/bin/sh
echo '(Your sudoer password here)';
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$ ls -l .ssh/.supwd.sh
-rwx------ 1 you you 35 Mar 31 10:28 .ssh/.supwd.sh
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$
you@yourhost:~$ cat ./tmp.sh
#!/bin/sh
. /home/you/.bash_login;  # 'source' bash_login to declare the ask_pass script
sudo -A add-apt-repository ppa:(Your ppa here) -y;
# The flag '-A' lets you add the repo without sudo demanding your password.
#
you@yourhost:~$


Converting one partition from MBR to GPT to install windows without losing linux I used to have dual boot with Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 8.1. I decided to delete Windows partition because things weren't working right on Windows, but now I want to install them again. I now have 230 gigabytes of unallocated space reserved for windows, next to my Linux partitions. When I tried to custom install Windows 8.1. on my 230 gb of unallocated space the message showed: Windows cannot be installed on this disk. The selected disk has an MBR partition table. On EFI systems, Windows can only installed on GPT disks.

My question is if there is a way to convert my unallocated space (from MBR to GPT) I want to install Win 8.1 on, without losing Linux, and normally boot both OS as I used to.

I was also wondering if converting during installation of Win 8.1 using Diskpart will delete my Linux OS ?

I don't know why I have this problem now, when I first did dual boot with Linux and Win i had no problems at all.

The whole disk uses either the GUID Partition Table (GPT) or the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning system; you can't convert just one partition from GPT to MBR or vice-versa. That said, there is something called a hybrid MBR, in which an MBR is laid atop a GPT; but this is an ugly and dangerous hack that would be useless for your specific situation anyhow, so don't even think about it. (I only mention it so you won't try to use it if you read about it elsewhere.)

It's not clear from your post what you understand of BIOS-mode vs. EFI-mode booting. BIOS-mode is the old style of booting that's been used since the 1980s. EFI-mode booting is relatively new; it's only become common since about 2011, or a bit earlier on Macs. To boot in EFI mode, your firmware must be an EFI (or its newer variant, UEFI). Most EFIs also support BIOS-mode booting via a Compatibility Support Module (CSM), aka legacy-mode booting.

Windows ties its boot mode to the partition table type; you can only install or boot Windows in BIOS mode on an MBR disk; and in EFI mode on a GPT disk. Linux is much more flexible about this, although most distributions enforce an EFI/GPT marriage in their installers. The mode of any given boot depends on a complex interaction of factors, including firmware settings, disk layout, and user choices. On most UEFI-based PCs, EFI-mode booting is the default; BIOS-mode booting is possible only if it's enabled in the firmware setup utility. Enabling this feature greatly complicates the boot process. Given your symptoms, it's virtually certain that this feature is active on your computer.

In any event, the error message you're seeing indicates that you've booted the Windows installer in EFI mode, but your disk uses MBR. With an EFI/MBR setup, the Windows installer will refuse to proceed. If you've got a PC (not a Mac), you have two main choices:

Getting the Windows installer to boot in BIOS mode makes sense. You may be able to do this by using your computer's boot manager to force a BIOS-mode boot. The boot manager is usually accessed by hitting Esc, Enter, or a function key as you power on the system. When you enter the boot manager, with any luck you'll see two entries for booting the Windows installer, one of which includes the string "UEFI" and the other of which doesn't. Select the entry without the "UEFI" string. This procedure isn't 100% reliable, but it usually works.
You can convert the disk to GPT using gdisk, as oldfred suggested in his comment; however, you'll need to re-install your Ubuntu boot loader. If you install Windows in EFI mode (which would be the point of this conversion), you'll do well to install an EFI boot loader for Linux, too. (Booting Windows in EFI mode and Ubuntu in BIOS mode is possible but is highly inadvisable.) Several are available, as described on my Web page on this subject. Probably installing the EFI version of GRUB via Boot Repair or my rEFInd will be easiest to manage.

It's hard to say which approach is better. If Windows was pre-installed, it probably booted in EFI mode and used GPT to begin with, which means you've changed things considerably since you got the computer. The extent and reason for these changes is unclear, which makes it hard to give concrete advice. If you installed Windows yourself, there's no telling how it was initially set up. Without your complete partition table information, it's impossible to say if you might run into partitioning issues with either approach.

One further possible complication is that Windows sees a hybrid MBR as an MBR, but Linux sees such a disk as using GPT. Macs often use hybrid MBR setups to enable OS X and Windows to coexist. If this is what you've got, then neither of my preceding suggestions is 100% in order; removing the hybrid MBR in favor of a regular GPT is likely to be best. Post the output of sudo gdisk -l /dev/sda if you've got a Mac and you want to know if this might be what's going on.

Oh, and using DiskPart in Windows to convert from GPT to MBR will trash your Ubuntu installation. In fact, I trust the Windows partitioning tools about as far as I can throw my house, so I wouldn't use them except as a last resort, and perhaps to shrink existing Windows partitions.

I have a thought, which I have never tried. in windows disk management, you can create a virtual hard disk, then convert it to GPT disk. This GPT disk will shows in disk management as another hard drive. My idea is to install windows to the VHD, but I am not sure it will work.


What is the gbas.so file on my home directory? I delete the gbas.so file from my home directory but it keeps coming back. Where does it come from?

As mentioned by nelaar, ".so" files are usually shared binary libraries. Try doing "readelf -a gbas.so", it might give you some information about what the file contains (if it really is a library file).

Open up Synaptic package manager and search for this file to see which package does this belongs to.


Replacing Windows with Linux Ubuntu 12.04 LTS I am working on the best way to eliminate Windows XP from my older desktop and replace it with Linux Ubuntu 12.04 LTS as my sole operating system. I've done a dual boot alongside Windows to get used to Ubuntu like many people have done. Now, I would like to totally have Ubuntu as the OS.

Any suggestions? I've read that if you've had problems with a CD, disc, install that some have gone to a network boot option and had to upgrade their BIOS if their older desktop doesn't match. Am I thinking correctly?

Before you begin, you want to make sure that all of the data from your Windows installation is safely backed up, or moved to your Ubuntu partition. Also read these instructions briefly to ensure that they make sense.

Boot from the Ubuntu live CD.
Open the GParted program. Your hard disk is split up into 'partitions'. You will have three (3) partitions: One for Windows, one for Ubuntu, and one (the smallest) swap partition.
Once GParted opens, identify the Windows partition. The partition type is NTFS and will be outlined in greenish blue. The Swap area will be red and the Ubuntu partition will be navy blue, but you want to keep these.
Right click the greenish blue Windows partition and click "Delete partition".
Now, right click the navy blue ext4 Ubuntu partition and click "Resize/Move Partition". A dialog box will open - drag the right or left edges of the navy blue box so it fills up the maximum amount of space possible.
Click OK to close that dialog box.
Click "Apply" in the main GParted window to apply these operations. Confirm that you want to, if you are 100% sure that you do not need Windows any more. The operation will begin, and it might take a long time - but be patient while it finishes.
One finished, reboot into your Ubuntu installation.
Open the Terminal with ctrl+alt+T and type sudo update-grub, then Enter. Type in your password, which will not appear, and press Enter again. This will remove Windows from the Grub menu.

Then, you are finished.

But seriously, make sure you don't need anything (internet history, etc.) from your Windows installation! I find Firefox Sync, Microsoft Skydrive, and Google Drive very handy for ensuring a smooth migration to a new OS.

Good thing you are going to Ubuntu. Microsoft End of Life for Windows XP is going to be on April 8, 2014. I already started Migrating all of my XP machines to Ubuntu. If I were you I would create a COMPLETE hard drive image of your computer with Clonezilla before installing Ubuntu. My reasoning for this is that in the event that you need to recover your Windows XP installation exactly to where it is at this very point in time, you can easily recover it without having to finagle with re-installing Windows XP or wait around for all of the Windows XP updates and Service Packs. However, if you are going to totally wipe your Windows XP installation just backup your files and erase Windows.


12.04 Speaker Static Since upgrading to 12.04, I've been having issues with my speakers:

They seem to be making an odd hissing noise (sort of like static) and they sound really tinny.

Is anyone else having these problems or is it just me and is there any way to fix it?

This is a new problem that I've never had until I upgraded yesterday.

Turning down the mic boost using alsamixer fixed it for me.

To do that, open a terminal (Alt-Control-T will do this) and enter the alsamixer command. Pressing the Tab button brings up "Capture" screen. Use the left and right arrow keys to select the mic boost slider and reduce it with the down arrow key. Press the Esc key to quit alsamixer.

I had the same issue.  After playing around with the cables and such, I came to realize that if I remove the power cord from my laptop the static noise completely diminishes.  Now, clearly this sucks because it would mean I have to run on battery the whole time, but I'm currently assuming its the actual AC adapter thats causing the problem, since the AC adapter itself tends to make a static noise when the battery is fully charged.


How to setup multiple WANs with load balancing? What is the best way to setup multiple WAN's into a Ubuntu distro and load balance?
I have two internet connections, one static and one dynamic and I need to combine and load balance them. I have been looking into the following method http://www.netlife.co.za/archived-articles/12-started.html but was wondering if anyone had suggestions that were more Ubuntu specific or possibly other distro's that would work better for this.

As far as I know, Zentyal, previously known as eBox, offers that functionality, and it's easily installable on Ubuntu.

Version 1.4 is available from the repositories as eBox, and version 2.0 can be installed from an additional repository.

See here: http://www.zentyal.org/
And here is a nice detailed HOWTO: http://www.howtoforge.com/using-ebox-as-a-gateway-firewall-traffic-shaping-http-proxy-and-more

Try out Zeroshell, bundled with an Linux.

Runs very smooth on low end h/w with no glitches.

Configuration options lets to play as you want.


Software updater doesn't display Ubuntu 14.04 I have the weirdest problem.  Software Updater will occasionally not display in Unity on 14.04.  If I manually start Software Updater everything works fine, but if there are updates and the window (should) pops up, I can't access the window.  I can see the little triangle next to the icon in the launcher saying there's a window, but the window is nowhere to be seen.  If I right click to close it and then launch it then everything is fine.

How do I find this hidden window or figure out what the problem might be?

Having the same problem, I found I can click on the icon in the tray once and not see anything happen, but click on it one more time and the window appears as it normally would, just like clicking the icon once to minimize the window and clicking again to re-display that window; annoying but slightly faster than restarting Update Manager from the menu.

This has been reported as a bug on Launchpad:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/update-manager/+bug/1325814?comments=all

I had the same problem -- there's a little triangle next to the Software Updater in the launcher in Ubuntu 14.04, but I don't see its window even after I clicked on that icon.

This is apparently a bug.

One work-around:
I fixed it by opening up a terminal window and typing

sudo apt-get update

and hitting enter.

After apt-get finishes, then hitting the Software Updater icon (or clicking the Dash Home icon, then in the search box typing "Software Updater" then enter to run it)
now opens a small "Software Updater" window in the middle of the screen.

(related:
Software Updater is not starting in Ubuntu 14.04
)


Getting LAMP set up so I can run Wordpress Locally I am following this tutorial: http://www.wpexplorer.com/locally-install-wordpress-on-ubuntu/ and am running into an error when I try to get my php file showing on Localhost. When I restart my Apache server I get this error:

  AH00558: apache2: Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name, using 127.0.1.1. Set the 'ServerName' directive globally to suppress this message

I found this answer: Apache error "Could not reliably determine the server's fully qualified domain name" and followed the instructions for 13.10 or Newer (I'm running 14.04), but it's not working (still getting the error above).

I have read other questions on the topic but they pretty much all point back to that answer.

Any suggestions on how I can get this fixed so I can get WP up and running locally?  I am very new to Ubuntu and so far have only done Ruby development with it.

Thanks!

If you just need an easy web server to do local development on your system I would recommend

XAMPP

XAMPP is just a Lamp wrapper with a few extra features including PHP and Apache2. It also makes it really easy to use.

Just follow the instructions for downloading and setting it up on your system then go to /opt/lampp directory.

In that directory you will find an executable called manager-linux-x64.run (or x32 depending on your system)

run this executable

sudo ./manager-linux-x64.run

That will bring up a dialog box and start all the services which you can customize.
By default Apache2 web server defaults to http://localhost:80/

Once you see that all the services have started go to the browser and test out that address.

Finally in the /opt/lampp directly is a folder called /htdocs. This is your locally hosted folder so remove everything that is in this folder (XAMPP demo page likely) and put all your wordpress files here (all PHP, HTML and JavaScript) which will then be hosted and appear at the localhost address above.

You can also make a symlink to the /htdocs directory

sudo ln -s (your source directory here) htdocs

If you do this be sure to remove your htdocs folder first.


What is the command to run System Settings from a terminal? System Settings can be run from the launcher (pinned by default), the Dash, or the power cog. But what command would I enter in a terminal window if I want to run it from there?

gnome-control-center

Note: for versions between 14.04 and 17.04, the command is unity-control-center

One thing no one mentions in this is if you run it from the command line you are likely to encounter errors because some environmental variables aren't being used.

First thing, you shouldn't need sudo to run the control center, but if you do make sure you run it as your user.

sudo -i gnome-control-center

Also if you run gnome-control-center without sudo it gives permission denied notes.

gnome-control-center
/sys/firmware/dmi/tables/smbios_entry_point: Permission denied
/dev/mem: Permission denied

So it is useful to know how to run it without running into issues if you are debugging something.


Grub or Windows Bootloader for Dual Boot? I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition.  I have it set up like that now.  My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.

As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows.  My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.

So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge.  Thanks in advance.

EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other?  I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install?  Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle?

Depends, both work well, use the one you feel most comfortable with.

If you want support from the Linux / Ubuntu community , use grub.

If you use the windows boot loader, your support will be either Microsoft or the Windows community.

The windows boot manager will show only the windows versions of os only but not the other
Where as the GRUB will show all the operating systems present the hard disk my my advice is to use only GRUB.


Ubuntu 20.04 on Dell XPS 15 desktop lags I'm running Ubuntu 20.04 on Dell XPS 15:
i7-9750H
16GB
15.6" 4K UHD (3840 x 2160) OLED
NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1650

But I have lags on scrolling, feel like lost FPS, also video lags (tested on YouTube)
Not sure how to explain, system just not feel smooth.
Nvidia driver installed
~$ echo $XDG_SESSION_TYPE
  x11
~$ prime-select query
  nvidia

Output for lshw
~$ sudo lshw -c video
  *-display
       description: 3D controller
       product: TU117M [GeForce GTX 1650 Mobile / Max-Q]
       vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: a1
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0
       resources: irq:180 memory:ec000000-ecffffff memory:c0000000-cfffffff memory:d0000000-d1ffffff ioport:3000(size=128) memory:ed000000-ed07ffff
  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 00
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:178 memory:eb000000-ebffffff memory:80000000-8fffffff ioport:4000(size=64) memory:c0000-dffff

~$ lspci -k | grep -A 2 -i "VGA"
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
    DeviceName:  Onboard IGD
    Subsystem: Dell UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile)
~$ lspci -nn | grep '\[03'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation UHD Graphics 630 (Mobile) [8086:3e9b]
01:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation TU117M [GeForce GTX 1650 Mobile / Max-Q] [10de:1f91] (rev a1)

Also nvidia-smi output:
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| NVIDIA-SMI 440.100      Driver Version: 440.100      CUDA Version: 10.2     |
|-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+
| GPU  Name        Persistence-M| Bus-Id        Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
| Fan  Temp  Perf  Pwr:Usage/Cap|         Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
|===============================+======================+======================|
|   0  GeForce GTX 1650    Off  | 00000000:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
| N/A   58C    P5     5W /  N/A |   1253MiB /  3914MiB |      2%      Default |
+-------------------------------+----------------------+----------------------+

+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Processes:                                                       GPU Memory |
|  GPU       PID   Type   Process name                             Usage      |
|=============================================================================|
|    0      1174      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           133MiB |
|    0      1764      G   /usr/lib/xorg/Xorg                           280MiB |
|    0      2019      G   /usr/bin/gnome-shell                         278MiB |
|    0      2789      G   ...AAAAAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAA= --shared-files   547MiB |
+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Problem fixed! I have extension indicator-multiload, to show CPU, RAM and disk usage in toolbar. After disable this extension freezes gone. So if any one have same issue chech system load indicators extensions, base on my fast google this problemcan can also be with system-monitor extension, but not sure.

I had the exact same issue, and I really couldn't find a way to fix it. I also encountered the exact same problem on basically any other ubuntu based system. The fix you mentioned sadly didn't work for me, those extensions weren't installed.
What I did was to move from Ubuntu to Manjaro, there the comparability with nvidia seems to be a lot better. Doesn't really fix or solve the issue but it's better than nothing.


Is synapse application launcher available? I really like that synapse application launcher, but there seems to be no way of installing it in ubuntu 14.04. Any ideas why? Or does anyone know how I could get it?

A bug has been filed on launchpad about that.

It seems, though, that the program's testing PPA now supports 14.04:
Synapse Bleeding edge

EDIT:

To install from the PPA above, do the following in a terminal - [Ctrl+Alt+t]

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:synapse-core/testing

(press Enter-key when prompted to continue)

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install synapse

Synapse should now be installed.

NOTE: It is not recommended that you use a bleeding edge version of a software application as they may (and often do) contain game breaking bugs. My advice is that you keep checking Ubuntu's software repository and revert to a stable version as soon as one is made available.

Synapse is no longer officially maintained; so in my eyes there is not much sense in trying to somehow get it up and running on your system. You might be better of using alternatives, like "launchy" or "kupfer".