How do I get add-apt-repository to work through a proxy? I'm trying to follow the "Installing Cross Toolchain on Ubuntu 10.04 (Lucid) and 10.10 (Maverick) Hosts" instructions on wiki.linaro.org (on my Ubuntu 10.04 VM).  The first step is:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linaro-maintainers/toolchain

But when I run that I get:

Error reading https://launchpad.net/api/1.0/~linaro-maintainers/+archive/toolchain: <urlopen error [Errno 110] Connection timed out>

I'm guessing the problem is with my configuration for my employer's proxy server, particularly for HTTPS.

When I opened https://launchpad.net/api/1.0/~linaro-maintainers/+archive/toolchain in Firefox, I got "The connection has timed out".  I then went into Firefox Preferences -> Advanced -> Network -> Settings... and set HTTP Proxy to "gateway" and Port to 8080, and checked "Use this proxy server for all protocols".  Then the page loaded.  This supports my theory.

I've tried setting the http_proxy and https_proxy environment variables (both lower and upper case):

$ set | grep -i proxy
HTTPS_PROXY=https://gateway:8080
HTTP_PROXY=http://gateway:8080
http_proxy=http://gateway:8080
https_proxy=https://gateway:8080

I also tried changing them to:

$ set | grep -i proxy
HTTPS_PROXY=gateway:8080
HTTP_PROXY=gateway:8080
http_proxy=gateway:8080
https_proxy=gateway:8080

And I tried adding this second line to /etc/apt/apt.conf:

Acquire::http::proxy "http://gateway:8080/";
Acquire::https::proxy "https://gateway:8080/";

But I continue to get the same error.

How do I troubleshoot this?

Update: I followed the instructions in the accepted answer to "Problem adding repositories and connecting from terminal behind a proxy" and got further:

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linaro-maintainers/toolchain
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 1DD749B890A6F66D050D985CF1FCBACA7BE1F97B
gpg: requesting key 7BE1F97B from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: HTTP fetch error 7: couldn't connect to host
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0

I wonder if the "HTTP fetch error" means I also need to add "Defaults env_keep = http_proxy" to /etc/sudoers...

Update #2: I added:

Defaults env_keep="http_proxy"
Defaults env_keep="https_proxy"

...as in Comment 18 for bug 516032, but I still get the same "gpgkeys: HTTP fetch error 7: couldn't connect to host" error.

And this is curious:

$ sudo env | grep proxy
https_proxy=https://gateway:8080

...because http_proxy isn't there.

Any advice is appreciated.

Update #3: Since the host of my VM is a laptop, I took it home and tried there (with no proxies):

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:linaro-maintainers/toolchain
Executing: gpg --ignore-time-conflict --no-options --no-default-keyring --secret-keyring /etc/apt/secring.gpg --trustdb-name /etc/apt/trustdb.gpg --keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --primary-keyring /etc/apt/trusted.gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 1DD749B890A6F66D050D985CF1FCBACA7BE1F97B
gpg: requesting key 7BE1F97B from hkp server keyserver.ubuntu.com
gpg: key 7BE1F97B: public key "Launchpad Linaro Overlay PPA" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1  (RSA: 1)

It worked.  So problem is related to proxy configuration.  But I suppose I have a workaround.

In addition to configuring proxies, tell sudo to preserve the environment with the -E option:

export http_proxy=http://<proxy>:<port>
export https_proxy=http://<proxy>:<port>
sudo -E add-apt-repository ppa:linaro-maintainers/toolchain

with username and password:

export https_proxy=https://<username>:<password>@<proxy>:<port>

System wide environment variables should really be added to /etc/environment (use sudo or gksu), but the error reported to you seems to state no gpg data was found.  Ideas:

check the proxy settings (if you have access)
check if the proxy is somehow munging the output of encrypted traffic.
run a continuous netstat to see if the connection to the proxy is in fact being made
last resort would be to tcpdump & inspect in wireshark
try a http tunnel ;)


DVD with both 32-bit and 64-bit Ubuntu Is there any such images in existence that will allow me to install 64-bit Ubuntu if supported, or fallback to 32-bit otherwise?

I'm participating in an installfest by a new and unofficial LoCo, and such an installer would be quite handy without wasting extra DVDs for different architectures.

You can create a DVD that contains both versions of the live CD:

Download ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso and ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso.
Create a folder structure for the DVD:

$ mkdir -p ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64/boot/{grub,iso}
$ mv ubuntu-13.04-desktop-{i386,amd64}.iso ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64/boot/iso/

Save the following as ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64/boot/grub/grub.cfg:

# Derived from /boot/grub/loopback.cfg from ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso and ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso.

menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing (32-bit)" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Try Ubuntu without installing (64-bit)" {
    set gfxpayload=keep
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz.efi  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Install Ubuntu (32-bit)" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Install Ubuntu (64-bit)" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz.efi  file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed boot=casper only-ubiquity iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects (32-bit)" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz  boot=casper integrity-check iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Check disc for defects (64-bit)" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso
    linux   (iso)/casper/vmlinuz.efi  boot=casper integrity-check iso-scan/filename=/boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-amd64.iso quiet splash --
    initrd  (iso)/casper/initrd.lz
}
menuentry "Test memory" {
    loopback iso /boot/iso/ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386.iso
    linux16 (iso)/install/mt86plus
}

Generate an ISO image (You may need to install xorriso.):

$ grub-mkrescue --output ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64.iso ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64

You can now burn ubuntu-13.04-desktop-i386-amd64.iso (1.6 GB) to a DVD and choose either 32-bit or 64-bit options at boot.

Note: This worked for me in a virtual machine. I strongly recommend testing it using one DVD before burning multiple copies.

If you have an Windows computer then the multiboot version of the Pin Drive Linux app can make one for you. Their are verisons for Mac and many more but the Windows one is the fail seft version.


How can I remove duplicate second Unity Launcher on a Dual Screen setup? On my dual screen display I have a Unity Launcher on the left hand screen and also on the right hand screen. Both work perfectly fine.

However, I don't want this second launcher present on my right hand screen. How could I remove this? If it matters, I'm using NVIDIA drivers with a TwinView setup.

You can now.

Open up Display preferences, and then you can choose between having the launcher on one display or all of them.

This dialog also allows switching on or off the sticky edges (i.e. the mouse slowdown) between the displays.

Just changing /apps/compiz-1/plugins/unityshell/screen0/options/stop_velocity to 1 fixed the issue for me... I didn't necessarily want to remove the second taskbar, just didn't like the pause when going from one screen to the other.


APT goes straight to "Abort" when prompting for confirmation I'm trying to remove some packages which are not being used, but every time I run sudo apt-get autoremove, it asks for a yes/no confirmation and then terminates.

Yesterday I switched the shells from oh my Zsh to Bash and I've been facing these issues since then. I also observed awkward behaviour in Vim; it automatically executes something and prints a message

Press ENTER or type command to continue

I am using Ubuntu 17.10. Here is the output from autoremove

$ sudo apt autoremove
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
libjemalloc1 libluajit-5.1-2 libluajit-5.1-common libmsgpackc2 libtermkey1 libunibilium0 libvterm0 neovim-runtime xsel
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 9 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
After this operation, 18.1 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] Abort.
$

I get the same result when sudo apt upgrade prompt for confirmation. Passing the -y flag works around the problem.

What could be broken here and how can it be fixed?

I recently had the same issue when doing an apt upgrade which was aborting just after asking for Y/N confirmation.

  sudo apt upgrade

I tried my usual workaround and tried to upgrade on a new terminal. Surprisingly, it worked. I realized, it was a problem with that particular terminal.
After researching on why this happened, I found this:

Why does apt-get abort by itself, as though I'd pressed 'N'?

This says that the apt command aborts if it is unable to take input from stdin for an interactive command.

So one can use sudo apt -y upgrade to skip asking for user confirmation as a workaround.

Somehow your shell is not recognized as an interactive shell, which has probably something to do with your shell change.

As the hotfix, you can force apt to remove the packages with the --yes switch

apt-get --purge --yes autoremove

--purge is optinal.


Error: operating system not found after installing 13.10 So here's the story:

I have a Vaio Fit 15E (full spec: SVF15218gb) which has restricted boot enabled by default!

I mounted the iso file of Ubuntu 13.10 on a flash drive and tried restarting the system but nothing happened and windows 8 started as usual!

Then I went through BIOS settings and turned off the UEFI and switched it to Legacy!

Finally I could manage to install 13.10 "Alongside Windows 8" and restarted the system and removed the flash drive, but nothing came up! neither Ubuntu nor Windows 8! Instead an error showed up:"Operating system not found!"

What I did was turning off the system and enabled the UEFI back. System started normally and booted windows 8 as usual, as nothing else is on the machine!

I remember installing Ubuntu alongside Windows 8 on a pc before which it showed me a screen with the options of Windows 8 or Ubuntu (grub? gurb? or something?)! But now on my Vaio, it's a little complicated I think!

Any ideas how I can dual boot Windows 8 and Ubuntu?

Go to topic on Operating system not found: windows wont start


Ubuntu stuck at black screen with pink diagonal lines after selecting "Try Ubuntu." (Update - Still need help) I'm trying to follow the instructions from this site (http://www.howtogeek.com/howto/windows-vista/use-ubuntu-live-cd-to-backup-files-from-your-dead-windows-computer/), but after selecting "Try Ubuntu", I'm stalled at a black screen with pink diagonal lines and it's been this way for almost a half-hour now. The CD stopped moving pretty early on too. My mother's Windows Vista is dead and we're trying to recover all of her work related files off it. Does anyone have any solutions? Her office IT says that the more you boot up a computer with a damaged hard drive, the more files you lose and she's already booted it up four times now (not including this time).

If anyone can help out, I'd really appreciate it, thank you.

Update: Ubuntu wouldn't work on her computer (I'm thinking graphics card issues) so I installed Lubuntu instead. I got Lubuntu to work on her computer, and it even let me mount and access the hard drive, however, when I click a folder, it tells me something like "Corrupt" and I selected the file manager to open it, but now it's saying "input/output error" when I try to access the users folder. Any idea why it's doing this?
Another Update: I made the mistake of giving in to my mother "looking at it" and she ejected the hard drive because she thought it was a "down arrow". I restarted and now it's not even recognizing it. I'm gonna guess that's probably not a good thing, and I'm really upset and frustrated at this point.

Try reburning the disk, and if that doesn't fix it it may be a problem with the graphics card or something. You could try using lubuntu or a puppy linux livecd to copy the files off the disk as well as it doesn't require nearly as much graphics work.


How to select camera in Camorama? I have two webcams connected: dev/video0 is the laptop built in webcam and dev/video1 is an HD quality webcam that I would like to use, but Camorama defaults to dev/video0. How can I select dev/video1?

You can use the following command from the shell:

camorama -d=/dev/video1

This is not possible in Camorama.

Use "Cheese" instead of "Camorama" and simply select the camera you need in preferences.


Chromecast 2, no cast devices found on 16.04 with latest Chromium I just tried the #media-router method available online. No luck. Chromium is not able to find the cast device, at all. The TV and Chromecast 2 are ON and online. What to do ?

Also, is there any method other than using Chromium browser to work with 16.04 ? I have Chromecast 2nd Generation for media.

Just to add, my browser gets hanged and crashes at times when I try to connect to Chromecast.

Chromium version : 56.0.2924.76

Google removed casting feature from chromium. This used to be an extension for both Chrome and Chromium. But since they build cast function into Chrome, they stopped supporting the cast extension.

They wont build cast function into chromium as it is open source. Google is a terrible company.
Stop using their products. Use Firefox


sudo apt-get upgrade (E : unmet dependencies error) I'm completely new to linux. If someone could make out from the image whats wrong it would be really helpful. Also I'm getting that red icon on the top panel.

I tried running these code :-

sudo apt-get clean
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.old
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

The above code made that red icon go away after I rebooted but when I used the sudo apt-get upgrade after using sudo apt-get update command it popped up back again.

sudo apt-get -f install gives me this output error

Also I have referred to this thread (How do I resolve unmet dependencies after adding a PPA?) but to no avail.

After running the sudo dpkg -- configure -a it gives me following error.

instincts@Instincts:~$ sudo dpkg --configure -a
[sudo] password for instincts:
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of ppa-purge:
ppa-purge depends on aptitude.

dpkg: error processing package ppa-purge (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of aptitude:i386:
aptitude:i386 depends on libapt-pkg4.12 (>= 0.8.16~exp12ubuntu6).
aptitude:i386 depends on libboost-iostreams1.46.1 (>= 1.46.1-1).
aptitude:i386 depends on libc6 (>= 2.4).
aptitude:i386 depends on libcwidget3.
aptitude:i386 depends on libept1.4.12.
aptitude:i386 depends on libgcc1 (>= 1:4.1.1).
aptitude:i386 depends on libncursesw5 (>= 5.6+20070908).
aptitude:i386 depends on libsigc++-2.0-0c2a (>= 2.0.2).
aptitude:i386 depends on libsqlite3-0 (>= 3.6.5).
aptitude:i386 depends on libstdc++6 (>= 4.6).
aptitude:i386 depends on libtinfo5.
aptitude:i386 depends on libxapian22.

dpkg: error processing package aptitude:i386 (--configure):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
ppa-purge
aptitude:i386

Any help would be appreciated. Thank you.

You can try fixing the broken dependencies using the following command:

sudo apt-get -f install

sudo dpkg --configure -a

Then run this again:

sudo apt-get -f install

You can find in details how to fix the dependency error in this thread.

I reinstalled ubuntu and obviously it solved the error.


How to burn or mount an ISO file? I have downloaded an ISO file recently.

How do I burn it to a CD or DVD or mount it?

how-to using ubuntu
Brasero (Included by default)

Brasero is a application to burn CD/DVD for the Gnome Desktop. It is designed to be as simple as possible and has some unique features to enable users to create their discs easily and quickly.

K3B (Available in the software center)

K3b (from KDE Burn Baby Burn) is a CD and DVD authoring application for the KDE desktop environment for Unix-like computer operating systems. It provides a graphical user interface to perform most CD/DVD burning tasks like creating an Audio CD from a set of audio files or copying a CD/DVD, as well as more advanced tasks such as burning eMoviX CD/DVDs. It can also perform direct disc-to-disc copies. The program has many default settings which can be customized by more experienced users. The actual disc recording in K3b is done by the command line utilities cdrecord or cdrkit, cdrdao, and growisofs. As of version 1.0, K3b features a built-in DVD ripper.

If you use GNOME see this to make it look native

IF it has .isoand you see that in properties it says is a Disc Image then it's a Disc image, WinRAR takes over file extensions when you install it, actually it asks you choose what extensions is WinRAR associated with, ISO is one of them.

So do as the other people say just burn to CD or use Unetbootin.


Instalar o Ubuntu / Install Ubuntu Possible Duplicate:
  How do I set up a dual boot Windows  and Ubuntu?

I installed Ubuntu 10.10 alongside Windows 7.  I was able to upgrade to version 11.04.
Now I'm trying to update to version 11.10 but I get an error message saying it is not possible to upgrade.

I decided to install a partition, but when I start the PC I don't get a grub screen that lets me choose which OS to boot. I formatted the partition where I installed Ubuntu, I've been looking for tutorials where you learn how to install Ubuntu on a partition part to try to understand the problem.

I wonder if anyone can explain how to install Ubuntu on a partition an existing partition, so that when I boot the PC I see the grub menu that lets me choose which system I want to start.

Use Wubi, or, on the installer, select to install alongside Windows 7.


How to install azure-cli package from an older Ubuntu release? I upgraded my Ubuntu to 19.10 Eoan Ermine and I want to install the azure-cli package, but it is currently only available on 19.04.

As in the docs, I'm executing the following command to add the repository:

AZ_REPO=$(lsb_release -cs)
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli/ $AZ_REPO main" |
    sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/azure-cli.list

but then I try to apt-get install azure-cli I receive this:

The repository 'https://packages.microsoft.com/repos/azure-cli eoan Release' does not have a Release file.

Is it possible to use the disco repository to install this package via apt?

Apparently, azure-cli is available as a snapd package (https://snapcraft.io/install/azure-cli/ubuntu).

So, maybe you can try: sudo snap install azure-cli --candidate

(Sorry, I can't test it on my machine)


Can I connect my Ubuntu Desktop to Google Cardboard? This might be a strange question, but I am wondering if I could use Google Cardboard to replace my monitor.

For this I'd like to connect an Ubuntu-Desktop with an Android Smartphone through Bluetooth (or alternatively USB).

Does anybody know how I could accomplish that?

I've made a VNC app for Google Cardboard that you could try. It comes in a free version with ads and a paid version, but if you're up for it you could build it yourself since it's open source.

app: Cardboard VNC Free
source code: CardboardRemoteDesktop

To get the most out of it I recommend using a lower resolution (or large fonts) on your VNC server. I prefer using a wireless keyboard/mouse connected to the server, but you can also control the pointer with the headset/trigger and use a bluetooth keyboard.

Trinus Gyre seems to work if you have wine and .NET 40 installed. A bit of lag though, hard to play games with.
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.loxai.trinus.test&hl=en


'dpkg-deb' error while installing anything Ubuntu 14.04 Do you want to install the software package? [y/N]:y
dpkg: warning: 'dpkg-deb' not found in PATH or not executable
dpkg: error: 1 expected program not found in PATH or not executable
Note: root's PATH should usually contain /usr/local/sbin, /usr/sbin and /sbin

echo $PATH
/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/db/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-oracle/jre/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/oracle_jdk8/bin:/usr/lib/jvm/oracle_jdk8/

Since you can still run dpkg, at least part of the dpkg package is still present. To restore dpkg-deb, you should try re-installing dpkg:

download the appropriate package file (Mint 18.3 is based on Ubuntu 16.04, so look for Xenial on this page to get the appropriate links; the download link I’m giving here assumes you’re using amd64)

wget https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archive/primary/+files/dpkg_1.18.4ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb
install it

sudo dpkg -i dpkg_1.18.4ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb

If that fails, you’ll need to resort to a more manual approach as suggested in arved’s answer:

ar x dpkg_1.18.4ubuntu1.6_amd64.deb data.tar.gz
tar xf data.tar.gz ./usr/bin/dpkg-deb
sudo install usr/bin/dpkg-deb /usr/bin

Then install the package using dpkg to make sure everything’s set up properly.


What is the equivalent of 'Control-Alt-Delete'? On Windows anytime the system hangs Ctrl-Alt-Del brings up the Start Up Manager, from which you can end the program or process causing the hang.

Is there any command like this on Ubuntu?

System Monitor shows you an overview of running applications (under the Processes tab) and allows you to end them by right-clicking on the name and selecting the respective context menu item. You can set up keyboard shortcuts in the Keyboard settings (Shortcuts tab), so you can bind Ctrl+Alt+Del to gnome-system-monitor, the command to start System Monitor.

Another command you might be interested in is xkill. This is traditionally bound to Ctrl+Alt+Esc (not sure if by default) and allows you to click on a misbehaving window to close it.

Both of these might not work if your entire system hangs. If that happens, there are two things you can do. The first has to be enabled in advance when your system doesn't hang yet (you could do it right now): open Keyboard Layout settings (I believe this is merged into Keyboard in Ubuntu 12.04), then click Options. One of the options is Key sequence to kill the X server, you can click that run gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.input-sources xkb-options for recent versions of Ubuntu (according to this answer). If you have done that and your system later hangs, you can press Ctrl+Alt+Backspace, which will effectively bring you back to the login screen.

If even that doesn't work, the last thing you can do is ensuring a sane shutdown (i.e. not pressing and holding the power button). This one is a bit hard to remember, but it involves pressing and holding Alt+SysRq (system request, often same key as PrtScr print screen) and then press in order R, E, I, S, U, B (a mnemonic is Reboot Even If System Utterly Broken). Wait a second between each presses, because each letter is a different kernel action leading to a "graceful" reset.

It may not be relevant to your question but I found chrome in ubuntu has its own task manager. Press the Shift + ESC keys to open it.


How to retain Enigmail/OpenPGP passphrase with Kubuntu? I am using Enigmail with Thunderbird to crypt my emails and I would like it to retain my passphrase for some time. In Enigmail settings it is possible to set a duration to memorize the passphrase. However I get the following message:

  Your system uses a specialized tool for passphrase handling such as gnome-keyring or seahorse-agent. Unfortunately OpenPGP cannot control the passphrase timeout for the tool you are using. therefore the respective timeout settings in OpenPGP are disregarded.

How to get rid of it and stop typing the passphrase hundreds of times? I am running Kubuntu and didn't find any option for this in the Kwallet.

The only thing I can say as a beginner is that you will need to get this in line. Keys are about security and you should have control of the tools for such objective.

As of MAN :

In ~/.gnupg/gpg.conf try to comment out the line use-agent and kill the running agent / restart.


Ubuntu installation on iMac I have an iMac configured as follows -

Screen 27"
CPU 3.4 GHz i7
Graphics AMD Radeon HD 6970 1024 MB

I downloaded Ubuntu version 11.10 64 bit ISO and burnt that to both DVD and USB stick as per the instructions on Ubuntu's download page.

Neither will boot. Symptoms are as follows -

DVD: When the iMac is restarted and booted from DVD (labelled Windows which isn't mentioned in Ubuntu's website instructions)  one line is displayed against a black screen displaying a message about the developer and date. After 5 minutes the message hangs and the DVD ceases to spin.

USB Stick: Strangely I have to select the EFI boot CD icon which appears after holding down the Alt key. A text menu appears offering me to try Ubuntu without installing. I select this and the screen goes blank and stays blank.

Any ideas?

Lastly, after writing Ubuntu to DVD and USB stick, neither could be read by OSX making the instructions to eject them as per Ubuntu website's instructions useless. This might help?

Thanks,
Shane.

Shane,

Look into a program called "rEFIt"
it changes the boot loader. It's not the best IMO, but it should help you get the job done

Regards

Shane,

Wish I had a solid answer for you, but I have dealt with this problem a few times installing linux on machines from an optical or usb, so I will share what I have to offer...

My suggestion would be to explore and understand how your function keys will affect the boot up process (within BIOS). I have had to deal with many different configurations when installing Linux, and I tend to use a trial and error method when I cant get the proper info through google as far as function keys, and how they affect the bootup.

Just last night I was installing linux on an old averatec netbook, and it took 6 or 7 tries to get it to boot properly.

Throughout the first 6 times i tried, I was presented with the same text you were...

"one line is displayed against a black screen displaying a message about the developer and date. "

if the boot disc loads properly, you should have an option to 'install to disk' as opposed to 'try ubuntu'

another thing you might want to look into is downloading a different version, from the same source or a different source, just to troubleshoot whether or not the version you are trying to run is going to cooperate with you machine.

last bit of advice, try it several times, as there are a few examples where I go through the same process (as a human) - but on the 5th or 6th reboot, things will start to run.

Hope this helps. Good luck, Matt


Language indicator doesn't show current language I have chosen to write in 3 languages. I change them with the command Shift + Alt and it changes, but I cannot see in what language I write in the language indicator in my panel.

Can you help?

I'm guessing you are using ibus from the details you give.

To get your languages shown at the bottom, you need to change some settings.

Click on the language indicator and follow this video:
Enabling Ibus Language Panel

(If you cannot see the video clearly: Click the ibus indicator, click preferences, and enable "Show Language Panel > When Active")

NB you might have to restart ibus after this. To do that click the icon and click restart in the menu

Following works for me. Click: System Settings, Text Entry, and finally select Show current input source in the menu bar


Apache2 configuration and security I have installed apache2 under ubuntu 12.04.

First

I read the differences about mpm worker and prefork.  in my case it is in worker.  In my apache2.conf I have :

<IfModule mpm_worker_module>
    StartServers          2
    MinSpareThreads      25
    MaxSpareThreads      75
    ThreadLimit          64
    ThreadsPerChild      25
    MaxClients          150
    MaxRequestsPerChild   0
</IfModule>

And a grep -ef | grep apache2 gives :

root      1189     1  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  1192  1189  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  1194  1189  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start
www-data  1195  1189  0 13:14 ?        00:00:00 /usr/sbin/apache2 -k start

And I don't understand why there are 4 processes and why 1 is owned by root and the others by www-data.

Second

I also read it was not a good idea to set the /var/www with www-data as owner and group.
But I don't understand why ?

The good way would be to leave root as owner with full rights and the group to www-data with rx rights.  It's right ?

Root is the most secure

Using root will keep any malware (People say linux cant get virus's but it might and it's good to be secure) from taking over your apache server, because root is a seperate account with extreme privileges. Long story short just keep it in root.


Is `sudo pip install` still a broken practice? I'm new to Ubuntu, so please bear with me. I installed pip using this command: sudo apt-get -y install python-pip. Then I installed NLTK using the command on their website, which was: sudo pip install -U nltk. But then I stumbled on this question that says that everything I did was a "broken practice". The line that struck me the most was that using sudo pip is inherently wrong and that giving pip too much force could damage operating system files. Can anyone validate this claim?

Note - I only used sudo because when I tried the command apt-get -y install python-pip it gave me 2 errors:

E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

Both sudo pip install and its other common variant sudo -H pip install should not be encouraged because it is a security risk to use root privileges to use pip to install Python packages from PyPI (Python Package Index).

From https://stackoverflow.com/a/21056000/486919 (emphasis mine):

  When you run pip with sudo, you run setup.py with sudo. In
  other words, you run arbitrary Python  code from the Internet as root.
  If someone puts up a malicious project on PyPI and you install it, you
  give an attacker root access to your machine. Prior to some recent
  fixes to pip and PyPI, an attacker could also run a man in the
  middle attack to inject their code when you download a trustworthy
  project.

As mentioned at https://security.stackexchange.com/a/79327/8761, it is important to note that anyone can upload Python packages, including malicious ones, to PyPI.

In short, in accordance with the principle of least privilege, don't use sudo with pip to install Python packages from PyPI unless you absolutely need to. Instead, consider using pip install --user (note that pip install with no sudo nor additional flags/options defaults to pip install --user on Ubuntu currently) or virtual environments (such as virtualenv). If you see people recommending sudo pip or sudo -H pip, please tell them not to.

No, this is correct. I cannot validate this claim. I always use sudo -H with pip. pip can only damage operating system files as much as apt. Only do not use sudo with pip when you want to install only for that user.


Make Ubuntu use AMDGPU instead of LLVMPIPE or AMDGPU-PRO I borked an installation of AMDGPU-Pro, and was able to recover and uninstall it. It would boot to a blinking cursor that never changed, and attempts to switch to other TTYs would result a flickering screen as Linux seemed to jump between the original and the new TTY over and over. Eventually, I was forced to use recovery to uninstall AMDGPU-Pro.

When I did, my system went to LLVMpipe instead of returning to the open-source AMDGPU driver. I can't seem to get it to go back to AMDGPU - purging and reinstalling xserver-xorg-video-amdgpu had no effect.

I had AMDGPU working before on my card (RX 460), so I'm quite sure it's supported. I just can't seem to find how to blacklist radeon or LLVMpipe and force the use of AMDGPU.

I am new to Linux but this fixed it and had the same problem with my rx560 boots up to flickering mouse cursor and fixed it by instaling amdgpu install instead amdgpu-pro install in amdgpu-pro driver folder.
Hope it helps if that is what u need.


Google earth installation problem I have tried to install google earth as indicated here http://ubuntuguide.org/wiki/Ubuntu_Saucy_Maps_and_GPS but now I have this problem:

sudo dpkg -i googleearth_6.0.3.2197+1.0-1_amd64.deb
Selecting previously unselected package googleearth.
(Reading database ... 275020 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking googleearth (from googleearth_6.0.3.2197+1.0-1_amd64.deb) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of googleearth:
 googleearth depends on ia32-libs-multiarch; however:
  Package ia32-libs-multiarch is not installed.

dpkg: error processing googleearth (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for mime-support ...
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info ...
Unknown media type in type 'all/all'
Unknown media type in type 'all/allfiles'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/mms'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmst'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/mmsu'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/pnm'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspt'
Unknown media type in type 'uri/rtspu'
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 googleearth

what shoul I do next?

I installed on 13.04 using these instructions with no problems: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/GoogleEarth


Installing Cloud9 on Ubuntu 14.04 - Cannot find module I am trying to install Cloud9 IDE on my own Ubuntu server, following these instructions.

So what I have done essentially so far is cloning the project in my system, installing nodejs-legacy (C9 here requires the nodejs executable has the name node) and running the install script of C9. After some trial and error, installation went fine with no errors. But when time came to run the server.js file, I get this error: { [Error: Cannot find module 'connect/lib/utils'] code: 'MODULE_NOT_FOUND' }

So that's the lot of my problem... any ideas?

Ran into the same issue. Here's how I fixed it:

For whatever reason, the default install script seemed to fail to add a number of the modules.  I iteratively added the modules as errors referred to their absence by running npm install nameofmodule (in your case 'connect') then attempting to start c9 again.

Eventually this resulted in the c9 IDE starting but more references to missing modules being generated. I repeated the above, Ctrl + C killing the ide, installing the module and relaunching until I got to what appears to be a fully functional state.

Web browsing to the IDE and taking action results in output to the console you launched the IDE from so keep an eye on that for any more missing modules once you are up and running.


SSH hangs whilst on VPN I connect to a University shared computer facility by connecting to the University VPN and using SSH to log in. This is fine on my Windows installation using Cygwin. However, on my Ubuntu installation the SSH hangs.

Originally the VPN was not getting any internet access whatsoever, but I fixed this by removing dns=dnsmasq from /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf, but this did not fix the SSH error.

Also prior warning that I'm new to Ubuntu.

This sounds like a problem with DNS, and more specifically DNS when using dnsmasq with a VPN.  There is a known issue when using dnsmasq and NetworkManager with a VPN which will break DNS resolution within dnsmasq.  Upstream has acknowledged but also done nothing towards fixing it.  This has been an issue since 16.04, and doesn't seem to be on their radar to fix any time soon.  My guess is that they have no idea where it's actually breaking. (LP Bug #1588018, among many other bugs on the same problem)

The solution is to not use dnsmasq at all, and instead use a different DNS system or set of DNS servers by default, usually by forcibly overriding the resolvconf service settings.

However, this is a major, nontrivial change, and can cause other problems.
 Therefore, there's no real workaround currently to this issue.

  WARNING: This is my workaround to this problem, and is a non-standard, nontrivial solution to the DNS issue.  Use only at your own risk.

My workaround was a painful, non-trivial one.  I installed and configured bind9 to be a forwarding DNS resolver, so that it forwards all DNS queries off to Google DNS (8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4), and then once that was working I went and edited my /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head file to query the local DNS.  Note that I had to add a local DNS binding for 127.0.2.1 and in order for that to work I have to roll custom IP ranges in my lo adapter by adding these lines to my /etc/network/interfaces file (I included the default lo auto/loopback declarations for context):

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
    up ip -4 addr add 127.0.2.1/8 dev lo
    down ip -4 addr del 127.0.2.1/8 dev lo

... and by setting bind9 in the /etc/bind/named.conf.options folder so that this is now in the options configuration block:

listen-on { 127.0.2.1; };

Once I rebooted the system after making those changes, the system began defaulting to using my local bind9 resolver.

However, this prevents VPNs which have Intranets and internal DNS resolutions and internal domains from properly resolving; this introduced other issues, but nothing I couldn't work around (as a power user and system administrator).

To provide a meaningful answer, we'll need some more information. I'm assuming the VPN is a Cisco Openconnect VPN. Is that right? Without any more information, I'm guessing that your problem is in the setup of the VPN.

If so, there is a proprietary client from Cisco that works very well, but it's not necessary. Your university should provide a link to download and directions to install that client.

If you prefer open source solutions, there is a program called openconnect. Directions for its use are here.

Try 1 of these options. If you don't care about open source, honestly the Cisco client will work most easily. If you do care, then try openconnect.

Best of luck!


Green flashes when playing video with VLC and Compiz enabled [Ubuntu 15.10 and Ubuntu MATE 15.10] When I play video in VLC and Compiz enabled the screen will flash green ( for few seconds ) when I move the mouse, or turn up the volume with the media keys .
The problem started with Ubuntu 15.10 and also occurs on Ubuntu 15.10 with Compiz enabled MATE.
I use the nvidia driver. I tried it with the driver 304 and the driver 352 but the problem persists.

I has the same issue. Had found something similar out there.

open compizconfig
go general -> composite
uncheck "unredirect fullscreen windows" flag
or better fix line "unredirect match" changing "=Vlc" to "=vlc".


How to fix wrong update? Today I updated my Ubuntu 15.04 using the auto update tool. Here are the updated packages:

firefox-locales (40.0+build4-0ubuntu0.15.01.1, 40.0+build4-ubuntu0.15.04.4)
firefox (40.0+build4-0ubuntu0.15.04.1, 40.0+build4-0ubuntu0.15.04.4)
openssh-server (6.7p1-5ubuntu1.2, 6.7p1-5ubuntu1.3)
openssh-sftp-server(6.7p1-5ubuntu1.2, 6.7p1-5ubuntu1.3)
ssh-askpass-gnome (6.7p1-5ubuntu1.2, 6.7p1-5ubuntu1.3)
ssh (6.7p1-5ubuntu1.2, 6.7p1-5ubuntu1.3)
openssh-client (6.7p1-5ubuntu1.2, 6.7p1-5ubuntu1.3)

Unfortunatly, after this update I cannot connect to my FTP server over TLS anymore :/

Is there a way to cancel this update?
Thanks

OK I found how to update my FTP client (FileZilla) to the almost last version :

sudo apt-get autoremove filezilla
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:n-muench/programs-ppa2
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install filezilla

You can try

sudo apt-get install <package-name>=<package-version-number>

OR

sudo apt-get -t=<target release> install <package-name>

already asked in the forum for example in

How to Downgrade a Package via apt-get?


Do all webcam programs depend on 3D acceleration in Virtual Box? I'm trying to use my webcam from an Ubuntu virtual guest.
When I start cheese from a terminal, it tells me that it depends on 3D acceleration.
Are there alternative ways to test a webcam that don't depend on 3D acceleration?

You should try other webcam software, like guvcview. Maybe cheese won't work because it has effects which need 3D acceleration.

If you only want to verify that the webcam is recognized and(or working you can use this webpage http://www.testwebcam.com/


Cannot Update packages i am fairly new to Ubuntu. so i don't really have much knowledge about the command lines and Os.
I have been trying to use the command :
sudo apt-get update

But its showing these errors.

I don't understand a single thing.Any help would be appreciated.

Seems like ubuntu's public keys were deleted by your system. I think you can open the program "software & updates" and goto "Ubuntu software", uncheck and check all of the checkboxes and try again. if it dosent work comment on this que and I'll be happy to help :)
Edit: it seems like it wants some packages to be re-installed. can you open a terminal and type these cmds:
sudo apt upgrade | grep error
I know they'll be a error. please post back the error :)
Edit: final fix: https://linuxconfig.org/ubuntu-20-04-gpg-error-the-following-signatures-couldn-t-be-verified


How to connect to Internet via wired USB ADSL modem in Ubuntu LiveUSB edition? I have Alcatel Thomson SpeedTouch 330  USB model modem.I can Ubuntu Desktop 64 liveUSB flawlessly but I don't know how to set up my Internet connection? I tried Network manager and entered my ISP, username and password but it didn't work. Can somebody help me?

In my experience no way to use NetworkManager, you can follow the adverts in this guide. For me Method 1 worked, impossible to follow Method 2 because some packets are not available for the 12.04 version.I don't know if you can use it on a live environment, perhaps if you use a usb live with persistent mode


How to Detect/List multiply display in ubuntu using python? I want to list if multiply displays are available in Ubuntu/Debian using python3 (if a display is connected to ubuntu with VGA or HDMI), or when an external display connected detect.

I don't have any idea to do that if everyone has any way please help me.

You should be able to parse /var/log/Xorg.0.log

The displays sections start with EDID for output

[    11.189] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output eDP-1
[    11.191] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output DP-1
[    11.206] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output HDMI-1
[    11.206] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output DP-2
[    11.218] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output HDMI-2
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output DP-1-1
[    11.244] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output DP-1-2
[    11.244] (II) modeset(0): EDID for output DP-1-3

In this example eDP-1 and DP-1-1 is the laptop display, DP-1 and DP-1-2 is one monitor over display port and DP-2 and DP-1-3 is the other.  The output between each EDID entry is the detailed monitor information:

[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): Manufacturer: DEL  Model: a07b  Serial#: XXXXXXXX
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): Year: 2013  Week: 27
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): EDID Version: 1.4
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): Digital Display Input
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): 8 bits per channel
[    11.231] (II) modeset(0): Digital interface is DisplayPort

Another example:

[     6.893] (II) RADEON(0): EDID for output DisplayPort-0
[     6.952] (II) RADEON(0): EDID for output HDMI-0
[     6.983] (II) RADEON(0): EDID for output DVI-0
[     6.998] (II) RADEON(0): EDID for output DVI-1

As you can see, the naming conventions are not consistent as my laptop has an EDID for each port and one for each screen, where my desktop does not.

You can seek for the /proc/fb system file. This is a frame-buffer proc system file that summarizes your actual video adapters.

Within python3, simply, open this system file and read the results:

fd = open("/proc/fb", "r")
printf(fd.readline())

assuming you have only one adapter connected:

$ cat /proc/fb

With following result:

0 svgadrmfb

This the results you will get!


ATI graphics, Minecraft, and Compiz? When I installed Ubuntu on my desktop, everything seemed to "just work" -- I used the proprietary ATI graphics card for my ATI Radeon HD 5870 and everything from Compiz to video to Amagetron Advanced worked perfectly fine.

Then I tried Minecraft. It crashes when rendering the levels, and Googling the error message shows it to be a common issue with (well, bug in) the proprietary ATI drivers. So, I tried disabling them -- and my entire desktop started flickering, Compiz exploded, and basically it was just Not Good.

I spent about $100 on this graphics card (last year), so I'd prefer to not pay for a new one if possible. On IRC, I've been told that "ATI sucks with Linux, your fault for buying a shitty card" and similar. I was hoping that Linux (especially Ubuntu) had gotten over the driver-hell as it had for the rest of my system -- is there a working, open-source ATI driver being developed?

Generally speaking the open source driver doesn't work well when Compiz is enabled and a graphically intensive game is run.  Minecraft might not look to pretty, but a lot is happening under the hood.  The best advice I've seen is to turn off Compiz when running games.

As to developing a better open source driver, video cards are in an awkward position because the proprirtary drivers work well enough for most people, hence there isn't a significant push to improve the open source versions.  That said, the ATI open source driver folks are still releasing new drivers regularly.

If you are willing to live on the cutting (or bleeding, as case may be) edge, you can try the xorg-edgers PPA, it is supposed to work better in some cases.

I had the same problem and i think to use Wine. It works but not at first time. I set the minectaft launcher to win XP configuration. It did not work. So I got angry and Choose Minecraft.exe and hold enter about 20s ens it starts many prosess and one of them START!


Unusable space when creating Ubuntu partitions I 'm installing Ubuntu with a USB stick in a Windows machine. When creating partitions I can only create / partition and /swap partition. I'm unable create the /home partition from rest free space as it displays as unusable. I know that similar questions have been asked. However as I can see there's only one primary partition and others are logical. Can you please help me to proceed with Ubuntu installation as I fairly new to those things.

/dev/sda
  free space 105MB
  /dev/sda1 ntfs 41838 Windows
  /dev/sda5 ntfs 41943
  /dev/sda6 ntfs 52427
  /dev/sda7 ntfs 61311

  /dev/sda3 ext4 /  14999MB
  /dev/sda4 swap    4000MB
  Unusable          33429

It is possible, that Ubuntu installer wants to create one primary partition and then rest of partitions as logical on the extended one. It would be overkill to install both operating system again, I don't recommend it. Instead, prepare partitions for Ubuntu in the Windows partitioning tool (the same you take screenshot from). Don't assign drive letter nor format them, just leave them as RAW partitions. They will be visible in the Ubuntu installer's partitioning tool and you can format them and set their mount points there.

Partitioning tools in the installer often messes up primary/extended partition recognition.

You should prepare the partitions in a separate tool before installing both operating systems. It always works.


Errors were encountered while processing: linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic I install Ubuntu 14.04 on Macbook pro. But every time when I do like apt-get XXXX in terminal ,it will always show the following error:

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic:
 linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic depends on linux-image-4.4.0-101-generic (= 4.4.0-101.124~14.04.1); however:
  Package linux-image-4.4.0-101-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial:
 linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic; however:
  Package linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic is not configured yet.
 linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-image-extra-4.4.0-101-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-extra-4.4.0-101-generic is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-signed-generic-lts-xenial:
 linux-signed-generic-lts-xenial depends on linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial (= 4.4.0.101.84); however:
  Package linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package linux-signed-generic-lts-xenial (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up apport (2.14.1-0ubuntu3.27) ...
apport start/running
Processing triggers for ureadahead (0.100.0-16) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic
 grub-efi-amd64
 grub-efi-amd64-signed
 linux-image-extra-3.13.0-24-generic
 linux-image-generic
 linux-generic
 linux-image-4.4.0-101-generic
 linux-image-extra-4.4.0-101-generic
 linux-image-generic-lts-xenial
 linux-generic-lts-xenial
 linux-signed-image-4.4.0-101-generic
 linux-signed-image-generic-lts-xenial
 linux-signed-generic-lts-xenial
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Try

  sudo apt-get -f upgrade

That option tries to fix the dependencies problems.

If it does not succeed, I would recommend to install the more recent 16.04 LTS version, with 5 year support, un less you have vey good reasons to stick to 14.04.


Keyboard shortcuts don't work I upgraded Ubuntu 14.10 to 15.04 and ALL my Keyboard shortcuts are broken.

I mean shortcuts like ctrl+alt+t, fn+any arrows.

I checked keyboard settings and all is turned on.

Any idea how to fix it ?

Am using notebook y50-70.

Your gnome-settings-daemon isn't starting on boot, for some reason. The workaround to that is to add gnome-settings-daemon to Startup Applications or add it as a .desktop entry, into /home/yourusername/.config/autostart/ directory. The .desktop entry could be named gnome-settings-daemon.desktop and look something like this:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Exec=gnome-settings-daemon
Hidden=false
Name=gnome-setting-daemon

This is my guess on why that daemon isn't starting: Ubuntu 15.04 , from what I've heard, has switched for different system for starting processes at boot - there used to be upstart and 14.04 (which is what I use) has that. Meanwhile 15.04 uses systemd . My guess is that this transition has broke some things, but hopefully by the time we get to next LTS release, everything will be fixed

Go to your home directory.

$cd ~
$ls -a

You can see .gconf directory.
If you remove this directory you will come back to your default desktop settings.

rm -rf .gconf/

Restart

It is an easier way of resetting back to your default desktop configuration.
I hope this works for you.


How do you output the filename in find command while using -exec? I use the following line to find all sub-directories of the PWD and run svnadmin verify on each directory (I already know that they're Subversion repositories)

find ./* -maxdepth 0 -exec svnadmin verify {} \;

This works well, other than the fact that the output looks like this:

* Verifying repository metadata ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 1 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 2 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 4 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 5 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 6 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 9 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 10 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 12 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 14 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 15 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 18 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 20 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 22 ...
* Verified revision 0.
* Verified revision 1.
* Verified revision 2.
* Verified revision 3.
* Verified revision 4.
* Verified revision 5.
* Verified revision 6.
* Verified revision 7.
* Verified revision 8.
* Verified revision 9.
* Verified revision 10.
* Verified revision 11.
* Verified revision 12.
* Verified revision 13.
* Verified revision 14.
* Verified revision 15.
* Verified revision 16.
* Verified revision 17.
* Verified revision 18.
* Verified revision 19.
* Verified revision 20.
* Verified revision 21.
* Verified revision 22.
* Verified revision 23.
* Verified revision 0.
* Verifying repository metadata ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 4 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 5 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 6 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 7 ...
* Verifying metadata at revision 9 ...
* Verified revision 0.
* Verified revision 1.
* Verified revision 2.
* Verified revision 3.
* Verified revision 4.
* Verified revision 5.
* Verified revision 6.
* Verified revision 7.
* Verified revision 8.
* Verified revision 9.

I'd really like find to print the filename before executing the svnadmin verify command, to make logging easier.

I've tried to squeeze a little ls in there but bodged it up, how should I do this (preferably simply)?

simply add a -printf option before

find -printf '%p' -exec command \;

This will print the name and contents of files-only recursively..

find . -type f -printf '\n\n%p:\n' -exec cat {} \;


Altering partitions of hard drive I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit.  I need more disk space and my current configuration is as follows:

Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on

/dev/loop0       17G   17G  6.1M 100% /

udev            1.9G  4.0K  1.9G   1% /dev

tmpfs           773M  860K  772M   1% /run

none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock

none            1.9G  364K  1.9G   1% /run/shm

/dev/sda3       284G  108G  176G  38% /host

overflow        1.0M   40K  984K   4% /tmp

The size of the Windows partition /dev/sda3 is way more than I need.  I'd like to free up about 100-125 GB and move it to the Ubuntu partition /dev/loop0.  I expect to be working with databases around 25 GB in size and want to have room to grow.

Are the instructions here: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/ResizeandDuplicateWubiDisk the most appropriate ones to use?

Is there a compelling reason for me to consider using a different form of Ubuntu installation?

You can use Gparted to accomplish your task.

  This article shows how you can modify the partitioning of your Linux
  system with GParted (Gnome Partition Editor) without losing data. This
  includes resizing partitions (enlarging and shrinking), moving
  partitions on the hard drive, creating and deleting partitions, and
  even modifying filesystem types. GParted is a free partition editor
  available as a desktop program and also as a Live-CD. It supports the
  following filesystems: ext2, ext3, fat16, fat32, hfs, hfs+, jfs,
  linux-swap, reiserfs, reiser4, ufs, xfs, and even ntfs (Windows).
  Have alook at this

Source: howtoforge

If you don't have Gparted instaaled, you can install it Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo apt-get install gparted

Or


How to increase the partition size of Ubuntu installed under Windows? Possible Duplicate:
  How do I give Ubuntu 10.10 more space (when installed inside Windows 7 (via wubi))?

I installed Ubuntu 11.04 under Windows (using Wubi) and the default size for the "partition" was chosen as 10GB. Now it shows frequent issues due to low disk space. How can I increase the size of partition without reinstalling?

As Marky suggested in the comments, you can resize the disk image of a Wubi installation using any of these methods (written by bcbc).

Alternatively, you can free up space in your Wubi image by moving some of your documents or other files like music, ebooks, or videos (just not programs or system files) to the host Windows system's partition (accessed as /host in your Wubi system).

I don't think you can if it is a Wubi install.

However a remarkably easy and very effective fix (other than starting from scratch, making a new partition and installing Ubuntu there) is to follow the instructions and use the script in HOWTO: migrate wubi install to partition in Ubuntu forums.

I am a relative non-expert but I had this done in less than an hour (more like 30 mins) and it was perfect. It has the additional advantage that the Wubi (Windows) install remains intact just in case you have a problem with the migration and, of course, you will be able to change the new partition size if you need to later.


Using Intel integrated graphics for display and NVIDIA GPU for CUDA 11.1 on Ubuntu 20.04 (I am aware that questions about doing this specific task have already been answered numerous time here. However there doesn't seem to have much information for this specific version of Ubuntu, and having myself tried multiple methods unsuccessfully, I think creating an entry here is necessary.)
Description
I would like to use my desktop computer's NVIDIA GPU to debug and run some CUDA programs. Since software preemption is a little deceiving, I decided I'd switch display to my unused Intel iGPU and use the NVIDIA card exclusively for the CUDA computations.
I'd like to know what would be the most efficient way to do so with my current Ubuntu and CUDA version.
I'd also like if possible to switch the display the easiest way back to NVIDIA when I'm done.
Attempted methods

Switching profiles using NVIDIA PRIME from NVIDIA X server settings isn't possible as the entry isn't available
Using prime-select intel crashed Ubuntu on next boot, had to chroot into it and launch prime-select nvidia to fix*

* Attempted with a slightly older NVIDIA driver version.
Additional information
lspci | egrep 'VGA|3D'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 06)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GM107 [GeForce GTX 750 Ti] (rev a2)

cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf
# nvidia-xconfig: X configuration file generated by nvidia-xconfig
# nvidia-xconfig:  version 455.45.01

Section "ServerLayout"
    Identifier     "Layout0"
    Screen      0  "Screen0"
    InputDevice    "Keyboard0" "CoreKeyboard"
    InputDevice    "Mouse0" "CorePointer"
EndSection

Section "Files"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Mouse0"
    Driver         "mouse"
    Option         "Protocol" "auto"
    Option         "Device" "/dev/psaux"
    Option         "Emulate3Buttons" "no"
    Option         "ZAxisMapping" "4 5"
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
    # generated from default
    Identifier     "Keyboard0"
    Driver         "kbd"
EndSection

Section "Monitor"
    Identifier     "Monitor0"
    VendorName     "Unknown"
    ModelName      "Unknown"
    Option         "DPMS"
EndSection

Section "Device"
    Identifier     "Device0"
    Driver         "nvidia"
    VendorName     "NVIDIA Corporation"
EndSection

Section "Screen"
    Identifier     "Screen0"
    Device         "Device0"
    Monitor        "Monitor0"
    DefaultDepth    24
    SubSection     "Display"
        Depth       24
    EndSubSection
EndSection

Ubuntu version: 20.04
Kernel Version: 5.4.0-57-generic
NVIDIA Driver version: 455.45.01
CUDA version: 11.1
NVIDIA GPU: GTX 750Ti
Intel iGPU: Intel 4600HD

nvidia-smi may be what you're looking for.
sudo apt install nvidia-smi

Power management mode settings
nvidia-smi -i <device id> -pl N
sudo nvidia-persistenced
nvidia-smi -q -d SUPPORTED_CLOCKS$ sudo nvidia-smi -ac <Mem clock, Graphics clock>

nvidia-smi commands: https://subscription.packtpub.com/book/programming/9781788996242/app01/app01sec01/useful-nvidia-smi-commands
nvidia-smi repositories: https://github.com/topics/nvidia-smi
https://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/precise/man1/alt-nvidia-current-smi.1.html
http://http.download.nvidia.com/developer/GPU_Programming_Guide/GPU_Programming_Guide.pdf


Is it possible to use binary nvidia driver with GeForce 7300 SE? I have an Nvidia GeForce 7300 SE.  It worked fine with the nvidia driver when I was using 10.10.  When I upgraded to 12.04, the (nvidia-current) binary driver failed---I couldn't even get a login screen.  The "nouveau" driver works okay, but the display is quite sluggish.

I've read about the fact that my GeForce is blacklisted (here and here).  But, when I tried the suggested workaround of using nvidia-173, I discovered that it wouldn't install because of a failed dependency: xorg-video-abi-10 (Package not available).  The "precise" nvidia-173 package page notes this (dependency bug?)

So, my real question: is there a GeForce 7300 SE workaround for 12.04?

In my case, Im using Linux Mint, but i guess that all repositories in this os is still the same as in Ubuntu, Using Linux Mint Maya (Ubuntu 12.04 equivalent in precise) I followed this forum

http://forums.linuxmint.com/viewtopic.php?f=42&t=102602

Since Nvidia-96 is not available on any higher versions (precise and upper i guess), in this forum, they tried to get the Nvidia package to a lower ubuntu version (oneiric) and use it to their current OS and downgrade their xorg to oneiric.

Now these steps are still working in my system, and I'm using oneiric nvidia-96.
Nvidia-173 is also available to oneiric repository. But please read all the recommendations in the link above to avoid problems.


ip addr show is showing me two IP address on one interface I am seeing two IP address on a single interface in a weird way.
This is my output of ifconfig -a

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr b8:27:eb:26:b1:c8
          inet addr:10.0.0.22  Bcast:10.255.255.255  Mask:255.0.0.0
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:456 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:519 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:63643 (62.1 KiB)  TX bytes:111910 (109.2 KiB)

This is my /etc/network/interfaces file output

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
allow-hotplug eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.0.0.22
        subnet  255.255.255.0
        gateway 10.0.0.1

auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet static
#       address 0
#       subnet  255.255.255.0
#       gateway 192.168.0.2

And this is my output for sudo ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK> mtu 65536 qdisc noop state DOWN
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether b8:27:eb:26:b1:c8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.0.22/8 brd 10.255.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet 10.0.0.100/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master ovs-system state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:00:00:00:6c:f8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 169.254.78.64/16 brd 169.254.255.255 scope global eth1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

As we can see here eth0 has two ip address and is only shown by ip command and not by ifconfig or /etc/network/interfaces file. I am unable to understand from where this is coming or how to disable the 2nd IP permanently. I would like to get rid of the 2nd IP address permanently.

I have also noticed that this IP comes after a second or so when the system is booted. When I do dmesg I see these are the last few lines-

[   15.270464] device eth1 entered promiscuous mode
[   15.576206] asix 1-1.4:1.0 eth1: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0xCDE1

I had the same issue.

Finally found that in my distro (debian jessie) the static ip is set in the file /etc/dhcpcd.conf and looked like:

 ...
 39 # A hook script is provided to lookup the hostname if not set by the DHCP
 40 # server, but it should not be run by default.
 41 nohook lookup-hostname
 42 ## interface eth0
 43   static ip_address=192.168.1.2/24
 44   static routers=192.168.1.254
 45   static domain_name_servers=192.168.1.254
 46 ## interface eth0
 47   static ip_address=192.168.0.3/24
 48   static routers=192.168.0.1
 49   static domain_name_servers=192.168.0.1

So I've removed that additional record from that file and it fixed that issue permanently.

Hope it will help someone...

A whois query on that IP address shows:

WHOIS results for 169.254.78.64
NetRange:       169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255
CIDR:           169.254.0.0/16
NetName:        LINKLOCAL-RFC3927-IANA-RESERVED
NetHandle:      NET-169-254-0-0-1
Parent:         NET169 (NET-169-0-0-0-0)
NetType:        IANA Special Use
OriginAS:
Organization:   Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
RegDate:        1998-01-27
Updated:        2014-01-09
Comment:        Computers use addresses starting with "169.254." when they do not have a manually configured address or when they are not told which address to use by a service on the network.  They are commonly called the "link local" addresses.
Comment:
Comment:        Routers are not allowed to forward packets sent from an IPv4 "link local" address, so they are always used by a directly connected device.
Comment:
Comment:        These addresses were assigned by the IETF, the organization that develops Internet protocols, in the Standards Track document, RFC3927, which can be found at:
Comment:        http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/rfc3927
Ref:            http://whois.arin.net/rest/net/NET-169-254-0-0-1

so it's not a big problem. The interface is promiscuous, which means it will receive ALL packets.

To see which processes have it open, man lsof, sudo lsof /dev/eth1 will help.


How does one obtain and install KSokoban? How does one obtain and install KSokoban on Ubuntu 12.10? It used to be there in KDE 3, but is gone now.

Apparently, KSokoban hasn't been ported to KDE4. Searching in kde.org I could find a few things:

The KDE (Legacy) Games Center says:

  KSokoban

  ...

  Version:  v0.4.2 - KDE 3.x

That's the only mention to the game in games.kde.org.

Its source code doesn't seem to have been changed in years.

There's a bug in bugs.kde.org asking to port it, but its status is "unconfirmed": Bug 167910 - Port KSokoban to KDE4. In that bug is mentioned that KSokoban was being worked on, with the name Magazynier, but I guess it was never released. I couldn't find anything with that name in the repos, and its source code hasn't been touched in more than 2 years. A search for magazynier in projects.kde.org shows no results. In this thread the author says:

  Well, magazynier, which is a sokoban game for KDE4, has a chance to be included in KDE SC 4.5, though it still
  needs some work.

But that seems to be the last.

Other bugs for ksokoban are closed with unmaintained status.

Other than that, there are some mailing list and forum threads that mention it, saying that there is no KSokoban in KDE4.

The project ksokoban in SourceForge, mentioned by @vasa1 in a comment, says it "requires KDE4 and Qt4", but its only file release as of now is a Windows program.

While ksokoban might not be available, SokoMind is a very similar replacement:

wget http://archive.org/download/SokoMind20_1020/sokomd34.zip
unzip sokomd34.zip SokoMind.exe
wine SokoMind.exe


Locally Integrated Menu (LIM) on GNOME Is there any GNOME extension (or any way) that enable LIM (as we have in Unity)?

For instance: In UNITY we have the title bar as follows:

I would like to have this in GNOME.

I am using Ubuntu 16.10.

I understand that in Gnome this is not possible. Now Wayland is in development and it's possible that the Wayland project doesn't include this feature.

It's really sad that Ubuntu is leaving Unity because one of the more interesting features (personal opinion) of Unity is the integrated app menu.

Last week OMG Ubuntu announced that Lester Carballo wouldn't work anymore on Global Menu Extension: GNOME Global Menu Extension ‘Discontinued For the Moment’.


What is difference between the options "autoclean", "autoremove" and "clean"? apt-get has a few options which looks the same to me: autoclean, autoremove and clean. What do each of them do?

From the apt-get man page:

clean:   clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files.
It removes everything but the lock file from
/var/cache/apt/archives/ and /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/. When
APT is used as a dselect(1) method, clean is run automatically.
Those who do not use dselect will likely want to run apt-get clean
from time to time to free up disk space.

autoclean: Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved
package files. The difference is that it only removes package files
that can no longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This
allows a cache to be maintained over a long period without it
growing out of control. The configuration option
APT::Clean-Installed will prevent installed packages from being
erased if it is set to off.

autoremove: is used to remove packages that were automatically
installed to satisfy dependencies for some package and that are no
longer needed.

Every command has a manual page, if you want to know what their parameters are or what each of them do, just type in the shell `man `  Ex. `man apt-get`

manpage for the apt-get command

autoclean: removes all stored archives in your cache for packages that can not be downloaded anymore (thus packages that are no longer in the repo or that have a newer version in the repo).

clean: removes all stored archives in your cache.

autoremove: a whole different thing, this option makes apt look for packages that are installed as dependency of an already uninstalled package and removes them. This is used to clean up unused dependencies that remain on your system.

Answer found: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=394952


Get music on iPod Touch iOS 6.1.3 I just got my sister to use Ubuntu, but now I have a really big problem, I promised her that syncing music would work with only drag and drop with Rhythmbox, because that is how I do with my iPod Nano which is old and stuff, but her iPod Touch uses the newest release of iOS and as I have been reading Apple does what ever they can so syncing your iPod only works with iTunes. Now syncing her iPod doesn't work.

Has anyone got an iPod touch to work with Ubuntu? any other software than Rhythmbox would also be fine or even some ugly and long way through the terminal would also be fine.
I am willing to do anything to stop her to use Windows again.

Banshee player would be a better option because the user interface for handling music players is similar to Itunes. It probable will be the most user friendliest music app I've seen.


Wifi not working on Acer Aspire One D270 (Broadcom BCM4313 wifi adapter) brand new baby linux user here, never used Ubuntu or any other linux OS before, so be gentle and use short words!

I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my new Acer Aspire One D270-F61C/KF netbook (it's a Japanese computer which had Japanese windows preinstalled, and I decided to take the plunge and try Ubuntu because English Windows costs the earth and stars). Wifi isn't working; I enter my wireless password, it tries to connect for a while, then asks for my password again. And KEEPS ASKING, every few minutes. Wired connection works fine.

Wireless card is a Broadcom BCM4313; I have the "additional drivers" checked and installed (I tried unchecking and then reinstalling them in case that would help, no joy, and now my home wifi connection isn't showing up in the list of available connections, argh). I've done a lot of googling and I gather there's a lot of issues with Broadcom cards, but some of the answers are for earlier ubuntu builds and many of them are a bit confusing for a new user. I gather I need to try installing some new drivers other than the proprietary ones provided, but I'm having trouble figuring out how that's done.

Anyone got some simple, step by step instructions for me? Please bear in mind, TOTAL N00B.

(EDIT): OKAY, got it fixed finally; after suggestions on the Ubuntu forums and messing around with drivers, what finally worked was installing Wicd. Not... using Wicd, for some reason, just installing it fixed it.

...I CHOOSE NOT TO QUESTION IT.

I have acer laptop and using broadcom too, many story with it along ubuntu 12.04, imo there are something issue between the kernel and the proprietary drivers (I've tried with ubuntu 12.04.2 untill 12.04.5 with different experiences)
The easiest method is try to install the newest ubuntu 14.04.

This will solve the problem:

sudo rfkill unblock wifi


Why have both /mnt and /media? It seems to me that having both /mnt and /media is a little redundant. Is there any tangible difference between the two that I'm not aware of?

Is there a standard that most people follow for where to mount things, e.g. use one for certain types of devices, or is this completely subjective?

The new standard is that /media is where the system mounts removable media, and /mnt is for you to mount things manually.

See the filesystem hierarchy standard (FHS) for details.

This thing goes deeper:
I like to keep internal drives mounted on /mnt, and external removables on /media.

This post illustrates a difference in functioning, where /media blocked access to certain system and user processes, (because of the default limiting umask attached to any drive that is mounted) where as /mnt acted like the host filesystem.


Rollback to Windows 8.1 From Ubuntu 13.04 while trying to install Ubuntu I accidentally wiped out the HDD and now my Windows 8 is gone and I'm trying to install it back whether alongside with Ubuntu or alone.

I downloaded the windows 8.1 ISO and the win-7 USB Dvd tool but of course they're .exe files so I downloaded "wine" but it didn't work and now I'm stuck with ubuntu and the files mentioned above

NOTE: I have an ultrabook so I don't have CD/DVD drive installed which means I'm only capable of using USB-stick
and there's noway that this post is duplicated

There is a program that will burn Win 8 to a flash drive that may be better than Unetbootin for you. It is called Win2flash. It is free and it should run under wine easily.
Because you have an iso you will need to mount the iso with a program such as AcetoneISO, Furius ISO Mount, Gmountiso or gISOMount. Acetone may be the easiest for you. you can find them in Ubuntu Software Manager.  You will mount the iso and it will appear as a CD and you can point Win2flash right to it and then it will create an installable windows 8 on your flash drive.

hmm, well 1º thing 1º , you cant install windows 8 direct from wine , 2º there is no support to get from linux env to win env, so what you are trying cant be done like that.

get the iso you download to a pen drive, use unetbootin from http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ and make your DVD/PEN-DRIVE install dvd and install you pc using that pen.

Before you do that is beter to make the same to a hirens boot cd ( if you have a spare pen ) for any problems you find, it have a win PE to help you on many things.

Its a good idea to save all data to a ext drive before doing that.

Best regards
Custume


Command to convert an upper-case string to lower-case? What is the Bash command I can use to convert an upper-case string to lower-case and vice-versa?

Thank you.

If the string is already stored in a variable you can use bash's parameter expansion, specifially ${parameter,,pattern} (available since bash 4.0), where parameter is the name of your variable and pattern is ommitted:

$ string="Hello, World!"
$ echo $string
Hello, World!
$ echo ${string,,}
hello, world!

Note that this does not change the value of the variable, only the output. To change the variable you have to assign the new value:

$ echo $string
Hello, World!
$ string=${string,,}
$ echo $string
hello, world!

The upper-case conversion works with ${parameter^^pattern}:

$ echo ${string^^}
HELLO, WORLD!

This works also with Unicode strings (at least with current bash versions, probably needs at least bash 4.3):

$ string='ἈΛΦΆβητος'
$ echo ${string,,}
ἀλφάβητος
$ echo ${string^^}
ἈΛΦΆΒΗΤΟΣ

If you are using zsh, you can use Parameter Expansion Flags (${(FLAGS)NAME}; available since zsh 2.5) to achieve the same results. The bash syntax does not work in zsh 1). The flag for lower case is L; for upper case it is U:

$ string="Hello, World!"
$ echo ${(L)string}
hello, world!
$ echo ${(U)string}
HELLO, WORLD!
$ echo $string
Hello, World!"

This also works with Unicode strings (at least since zsh 5.0; I did not try with earlier versions):

$ string='ἈΛΦΆβητος'
$ echo ${(L)string}
ἀλφάβητος
$ echo ${(U)string}
ἈΛΦΆΒΗΤΟΣ

1) Although, seeing that zsh had this for far longer, it should probably be: "the zsh syntax does not work in bash.

Use this simple command
For upper to lower case
Where 'f' is file name where you want to do conversion.

tr "A-Z" "a-z" < f

For lower to upper case

tr "a-z" "A-Z" < f


Nomodeset Installation I were following the address from Coldfish on How to set nomodeset, but I don't know how to "save" the changes made to the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset"

I hit CTRL+O to save and get File Name to write: /etc/default/grub AND typed sudo update-grub AND hit ENTER.

After that, I open another Terminal an type: sudo update-grub (ask me for password) and them I got this:

joseluis@ubuntu:~$ sudo update-grub
[sudo] password for joseluis:
Generating grub.cfg ...
cat: /boot/grub/video.lst: No such file or directory
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-12-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-12-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.38-8-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-2.6.38-8-generic
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
Found Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (10.04) on /dev/sda6
done
joseluis@ubuntu:~$

SO: Were I'm?
Were is my direction now?

Thanks for the help.

How to set NOMODESET and other kernel boot options in grub2

On some hardware configurations, you need to set some kernel parameters for ubuntu to boot or work properly. A common one is nomodeset, which is needed for some graphic cards that otherwise boot in to a black screen or corrupted splash, acpi_osi= to fix lcd backlight and other problems, and noapic and nolapic to work around various ACPI BIOS issues. In this how to I will explain briefly what this is and how to do it.

This how to applies to ubuntu 10.04 and 10.10. It may not apply to wubi, I dont know how to do it in wubi.
(update, see post #8 for the differences with wubi)

What are these options?

nomodeset

The newest kernels have moved the video mode setting into the kernel. So all the programming of the hardware specific clock rates and registers on the video card happen in the kernel rather than in the X driver when the X server starts.. This makes it possible to have high resolution nice looking splash (boot) screens and flicker free transitions from boot splash to login screen. Unfortunately, on some cards this doesnt work properly and you end up with a black screen. Adding the nomodeset parameter instructs the kernel to not load video drivers and use BIOS modes instead until X is loaded.

Note that this option is sometimes needed for nVidia cards when using the default "nouveau" drivers. Installing proprietary nvidia drivers usually makes this option no longer necessary, so it may not be needed to make this option permanent, just for one boot until you installed the nvidia drivers.

continue reading

Please navigate to the file via gksudo nautilus( in the terminal) Now you can change the file, and save it. Good luck!


List of GUI Based Torrent clients What GUI Based Torrent managers exist in Ubuntu and features they offer in terms of:

Speed to start downloading (Search Speed, Seed, Leech)
Speed while downloading
Compatibility
Stability
Data check
Other attributes

Transmission is a good Torrent client, it is installed by default .

BitThief - A Free Riding BitTorrent Client

It comes from the Distributed Computing Group at ETH Zurich.
It is in my opinion one of the slimmest clients available, has no extra features at all and has the fastest download speed.
It is run in a Java Environment.

The client is also interesting, because it's possible to deactivate uploading without any limitation on download speed. More information here.


How do I create Unicode databases in PostgreSQL 8.4? I installed the postgresql-8.4 package with default options. Everything worked fine, however I can't seem to manage to create unicode databases:

-- This doesn't work
createdb test1 --encoding UNICODE

-- This works
createdb test2

The error message,

createdb: database creation failed: ERROR:  new encoding (UTF8) is incompatible with the encoding of the template database (SQL_ASCII)

is a bit puzzling because (afaik) I don't use a template for creating the new db, or is it implicitely referring to the default "postgres" database for some reason ?

Or maybe I'm missing a setting in a .conf file ?

The template it is referring to is template1, which is implicitly used if you don't specify another template.

The quickest workaround is that you create your database from template0 instead, using the createdb --template=template0.

You may wish to drop and reinitialize your entire cluster with a more sensible locale.  You have probably had your operating system set to use the C locale by default.  You can reinitialize the database system with these steps:

sudo pg_dropcluster --stop 8.4 main
sudo pg_createcluster --locale=en_US.utf8 --start 8.4 main

Use whatever locale you like, of course.

I think you mean:

createdb test42 --encoding utf-8

That should do what you want.


How can I execute a .jar file from the terminal I know that to execute a file, I use the . command, then the file name with a space between them. But I'm trying to execute a .jar file using the . and it does not work. I went into the properties and marked it as executable and made it run with Java.

Is there a way to execute a file with Java in the Bash Terminal?

I am trying to execute the Minecraft.jar file.

The . syntax can only be used to run (by "sourcing") shell scripts.

You'll need to use the java command to run a .jar file:

java -jar Minecraft.jar

If you don't have java installed, you can fix that by installing the default-jre¹ package. You can see if you already have java installed by running in a terminal:

java -version

[1]: This will install the default openjdk Java runtime. You can use openjdk-8-jre, or openjdk-7-jre, or openjdk-6-jre instead, if you prefer - whichever is available on your version of Ubuntu.

if u want to install your jar with specific java version
Specify the java directory also

/scratch/app/product/Software/jdk1.8.0_112/bin/java -jar /path-to-jar/Minecraft.jar


Ctrl + shift + U combo does not work When i press Ctrl+Shift+U, nothing happens. The underlined U does not appear, so I cannot write unicode. I am running Xubuntu 14.04.

Thanks.

I had this problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and Gnome classic...

Fixed it by going to Applications -> System Tools -> Language and support.
On the Language tab, i switched "Keyboard input method" from "none" to "iBus".
Logout/login or restart computer, and it worked like a charm :)

The key combination didn’t work because some other program used it. To fix this I used gconf-editor.

Open gconf-editor.
Choose desktop -> ibus -> general -> hotkey.
Open trigger parameter.

Remove CTRL+SHIFT+U key combination from the list and press OK.


How can I get persistent output from apt-listchanges without intervention? I have installed and configured the apt-listchanges package to display changelogs from updates.

Output of cat /etc/apt/listchanges.conf (configured according to Ubuntu manpage for apt-listchanges):

[apt]
frontend=xterm-pager
email_address=
confirm=false
which=both

It's a bit difficult to test different configurations, because it relies on updates coming through. So far, however, no configuration results in an output that remains on the screen after the update is complete.

For example:

if I choose the browser option and Firefox is already running, it fails
if I choose the xterm or GTK window option, the new window appears, but disappears when the update is complete
if I choose the option to display text in the same terminal, even without the option to confirm before applying, I must quit the display before the update continues
if I use Update Manager rather than the command line, it never works and throws an error (although the update is applied)

How can I configure apt-listchanges and apt upgrade (or Update Manager) to:

download and apply updates without interruption or intervention required (that is, no confirmation prompt from apt-listchanges)
display the news/changelogs on the screen (same terminal, different terminal, GTK window, browser window, Update Manager, I don't mind, but not email)
have the display persist beyond the completion of the update

(As a last ditch attempt, output to a text file wouldn't be a terrible option.)

Read how to configure apt-listchanges

before upgrade:

apt-get changelog <package name>

after upgrade:

To list all packages installed on the system, from a terminal prompt type (large output):

dpkg -l

To pipe the output through grep to see if a specific package is installed:

dpkg -l | grep <package name>

To list the files installed by a package:

dpkg -L <package name>

To identify which package was installed a file:

dpkg -S /somedir/some.file

Read more about dpkg or man dpkg.


How do I mount an SD card? My computer has an SD card slot. When I put a working SD card into the slot, nothing happens. When I put a CD or DVD in, or plug in a USB drive, the medium is mounted and available. Is there something special I need to do for SD cards?

Hardware specifics

I am running 11.10 on a Dell XPS L502X. The card slot is marked "SDXC/MMC - MS/Pro" (which Wikipedia tells me are various SD card types).

I have the same laptop, the slot does work on Ubuntu 12.04, but the OS doesn't seem to find the card when it is inserted. It appears you have 2 options in the short term:

Reboot with the SDcard in the slot.
Do a PCI re-scan

echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/bus/pci/rescan

The bug with the workaround is listed here.

If the SD card has no volume label, try adding one using a Windows or Mac machine. For example (using Windows) where H: is the SD card.

chkdsk H: /f
label H: NEW_LABEL


Will Ubuntu 15.04 create a swap partition with the default installation? I am going to install a fresh Ubuntu 15.04 on a Lenovo X1 Carbon. I plan to select the default Erase disk and install Ubuntu option and tick both Encrypt the new Ubuntu installation for security and Use LVM... options.

Last time I installed a 14.04 like this, there was no swap partition created automatically. It's a pain to add it later. Will 15.04 do that out of the box?

Yes, it does. Ubuntu always creates a swap partition if you choose automatic install.

And it is not pain to add a swap partition. It is quite easy to do.

NO.
ubuntu 15.04 doesn't create a swap partition automatically.
But you'll get  option to create swap space during installation.
You can use this link to estimate how much swap you need depending on how much RAM you have.


Uninstall Ubuntu and bring back Windows 7 I accidently installed Ubuntu 12.10 using the option "LVM" although i've not selected erase disk and fresh install. Now my systems boots direclt into Ubuntu and I'm unable to see my Windows files on hard drive so I'm unable to access my old data (documents, movies, music, pictures) stored on Windows? Can someone help me to bring back my old Windows?

In fact, I've now completely erased my hard drive yesterday and its only ubuntu 12.10 running on my laptop and i surely want to install my paid windows 7 home premium back as a dual booting system.
But I also like to first try uninstall or revert my ubuntu installations and get back my windows so that i'll able to at least retrieve my previous data and than perform this new task.

Easiest way would be to try the Recovery disk for windows 7. It has repair option to repair the boot management. It should automatically detect your windows and fix its Boot issue. ( you will loose Ubuntu boot option with it)

Second option is to Prepare a USB stick with Ubuntu in it. Re-install the whole thing from Scratch and leave windows 7 partition as it is.

It will give you both Ubuntu and Windows 7. :)


Linux counterpart to Microsoft WSUS [xUbuntu 16.04 Server] I was wondering if there is a way to configure on of your Ubuntu servers so it will download all the necessary security updates for your OS and your packages on it's own (via cron-job) in some kind of local repository, where other Ubuntu servers in your network without internet access can load their updates from?

I can do the part with the cron-job on my own, that's not the problem.
What I don't find, is a tutorial to configure your server as an equivalent to WSUS for Linux.
Is there a way like adding a repository to /etc/apt/sources.list ?

Thank you for your help!

-Metadata

It would be difficult to provide support for the myriad of problems that comes with Ubuntu each update. You can use Cubic to preload your own ISO. It allows you to use a terminal the same way you would on a regular install as well as strip it down to make it smaller. I recommend running it within a VM because chroot can affect the host system.


Area drawing - Huion Tablet I've tried everything here on ask ubuntu and found good solutions for tablets drawing of HUION brand. However I have a problem that I believe has not been resolved:

I have the H420 HUION tablet and put it in ubuntu 12:04 LTS it works normal but the area is drawing on the screen is equivalent to a portion of it, say. (starting from the left top edge), and the same occurs with useful drawing area on the tablet itself.

In my case, my monitor is 1368x768 and it seems that the drawing area is only 346 pixels wide by 192 pixels high (values only for you to understand better what happens)

I installed the drivers WizardPen, calibrated and managed to resolve the drawing area on the monitor, but the tablet functional area remains small (the area of the drawing tablet is too small, the pen works up to a point and discards the rest of the area)

I would like to help.

There is a Huion Driver (kind of a beta version, but I gather it is slated to be included in the kernel, if it has not already), in the Digimend project, at

https://github.com/DIGImend/huion-driver

Works like a charm, with my H610.

As long as your Linux to updated to Linux kernel 3.12.2(or above), no more action is needed to get our tablet work  You may feel free to start your creation! Here's the official download link; https://www.kernel.org/


Show all running windows when moving mouse pointer to top-left corner hotspot? Currently in 11.10 (and also 12.04), slamming your mouse pointer in the top left corner of the screen does nothing.  Worse, even clicking there is a dead zone; I would expect to have at least the dash open when clicking there.  Not sure if this is a bug or not.

Ideally I would like to have the Gnome 3 behavior, which shows all open applications when you move the mouse pointer to the top-left corner.

I know I can do something with Compiz Settings; I can configure a script to run, however I don't know how I can make a script go ' Super + W '?   Is that possible?

I hope there will be a full and unified settings panel again when 12.04 goes live; it's a bit strange to not only use a whole separate settings panel for some things, but even one that's not installed by default!  And 'corner hot spots' should definitely be a function in there, to assign common actions and keystrokes to that.

Although xdotool is a more generic solution, compiz has a solution for this:

Install CompizConfig Settings Manager, go to the Scale plugin, Bindings tab and choose 'Initiate Windows Picker'. Choose any corner/edge to show all the windows.

I really hope this helps someone!

I've been using Windows for 20 years!!!

I used a Mac for the first time on a temporary assignment recently and loved it (want one now - they're like silk!)

So I started thinking about Linux OS (because Mac is based on unix isn't it?), and in particular I loved this behaviour.

So I came across Fedora (20) and just "chose" it (without looking for this hotspot behaviour actually) and was really pleased to find it had a top-left hotspot active by default.

So I started learning Linux/bash/cli and most solutions on Stack O F and whilst googling for answers were for Ubuntu and never worked on Fedora!
Eventually, looking for an extra hour for "Fedora only" solutions time after time wore me out (4 days!!!) so I ditched Fedora (nice, slick, solid - just not as popular therefore not as well supported in the "googling for answers" sense) in place of Ubuntu!

Man, was I disappointed about this hotspot thing!

Ubuntu 14.04 didn't have this feature straight out of the box, nor was it configurable!

I figured that I could "skin" my desktop so I googled "ubuntu touch corner screen like fedora" and found this web-page

Here it said that Gnome Shell 3 had this behaviour and it was available in the "Ubuntu Software Centre" (which is on the Ubuntu dock by default)

  If you want to install the GNOME Shell on Ubuntu, just head into the Ubuntu Software Center and search for GNOME Shell. Install it, then log out of your system—you should see a small gear icon on the login screen, which you can then use to boot into the GNOME Shell instead of Unity.

I tried out 3 of the 4 gnome shells from this package and found them to be a backwards step, as in "going back in time" backwards!
There's nothing wrong with Gnome shell for those who love it - that's just my 10 minute appraisal after using Ubuntu Unity for 24 hours and switching to Gnome for a quick appraisal! The webpage above also showed it to be lacking in features and a touch irritating

About the Gnome Dock (and why it's outdated):

  Not only is it annoyingly hidden away, but adding more icons shrinks it down, à la Mac OS X, as opposed to making it scrollable like Unity's. This doesn't seem like a problem at first, but it gets a lot harder to use if it shrinks down far, and it starts shrinking down long before it fills the entire side of the screen...

Compare this to the Unity dock:

  Unity's dock is sadly not movable from its left-hand position, which is very annoying (Isn't Linux is supposed to be super customizable?). However, despite this annoyance, it does have some nice Ubuntu integration that you don't get in the GNOME Shell—for example, you can right-click on Thunderbird's dock icon to compose a new message or browse your address book

and more Unity goodness...

  The Dash: You can access Unity's application launcher—called the Dash—by hitting the Windows key on your keyboard or by hitting the Dash icon at the top of Unity's dock. The Dash is a panel that replaces the drop-down menus of classic GNOME. From it, you can search through all your installed apps, settings, files, or even music from one location. You don't need to click on the search box either—just open up the Dash and start typing. It'll even show you apps that you don't have installed, but that you can download from the Ubuntu Software Center, which is convenient. By default, the Dash searches through your apps, though you can hit the icons across the bottom of the Dash to search through files or music through their own "lenses". This is a pretty nice feature, and it makes the Dash pretty versatile

Most people would probaly say I'm a Unity fan but I'm not - I'm a fan of clever design and good UI/UX - and to be honest I've only been using it for around 24 hours and reading this comparison really helped me decide and I started to get cold feet (change my mind) about this whole Gnome shell thing!

So then I thought "this thing's called Ubuntu Unity right - why not try "Ubuntu Unity hotspot" in google"  and that led me to this thread real quick!

So I started reading the solutions and saw the nerdy code idea and thought ... nah!
I like coding but I'm rubbish at it and this linux bash/cli thing is pretty confusing:

"root, sudo, chmod, chown, 777, 644, owxr, /, ~/, $HOME, ls, vi, pwd, as root, never login as root, owner of apache2, PERMISSIONS (great but confusing), yum, rpm, apt-get" etc, etc.

I'm sure you get my point!

Anyway, that made me try the CompizConfig solution and I got some sort of error whilst installing and that made me think it wouldn't work so I went on to  install Unity Tweak Tools.

I followed the instructions and blam...it worked!

  Go to 'Window Manager' -> 'Window Spread' and choose 'Hot Corners' tab.

You can install it from the Ubuntu Software Centre and you can access it from the "Dash" by clicking the top icon on the dock (default) or by hitting your Windows/Start button.