GIMP installed via FlatPak asks me to install DarkTable, but I've already installed it. (not via Flatpak). How can I get GIMP to find it? I'm running Ubuntu 18.04 MATE and recently downloaded GIMP 2.10 as a Flatpak. I also have Darktable loaded (not a Flatpak) as I work with RAW format photos. I want to be able to post process RAW images using GIMP as well as Darktable, but when I try to load a RAW image into GIMP I receive a dialogue that asks me to install Darktable. I'm assuming I need to have Darktable in my path, if that is what is needed I just don't know how to do that. Any comments and guidance will be appreciated.

This is my current $PATH:-

/home/-/bin:/home/-/.local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin

Installing Gimp plug-ins isn't a matter of PATH contents. To add plugins to Gimp you put the executable (a file-* in it can load/save files) in specific directories:

/usr/share/gimp/2.0/plugins (for "regular" installs, not flatpak ones)
the plugins directory in your Gimp user profile

The equivalents for flatpak installs would be:

/var/lib/flatpak/app/org.gimp.GIMP/current/[...]/files/lib/gimp/2.0/plug-ins/
.var/app/org.gimp.GIMP/config/GIMP/2.10/plug-ins

But the problem with flatpack-ed Gimp is that it has its own runtime, so using executables not compiled for the flatpak environment isn't guaranteed to run smoothly.

IMHO, flatpak is just a stopgap measure for people stuck on 16.04, since you are on 18.04 you should add the Gimp PPA to your software sources and do regular installs from that.

Any supported version of GIMP can open raw images with gimp-dcraw from the default Ubuntu repositories. The gimp-dcraw plug-in integrates with GIMP apt packages only, it does not integrate with either GIMP snap packages or GIMP flatpak packages. Therefore if you're a stickler for GIMP version 2.10, you'll have to wait for two weeks until Ubuntu 18.10 which has this version of GIMP in the repos is released.

To install gimp-dcraw open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install gimp-dcraw

The proof that this plug-in works is shown in this screenshot.

off color raw image in GIMP + gimp-dcraw in Ubuntu 18.04

The problem with this method is that the colors of the raw image look off color and not like colors in the original image. The water in the image is supposed to be blue, not off color. You can see the original image at this answer. The solution is to stay with Darktable. I tried opening raw images in GIMP, Krita, and Darktable and only Darktable has an acceptable level of color accuracy for raw images by default.


Run an ubuntu 16.04 server instance on an Android device (no GUI necessary) I'm not a fan of the recurring fee subscriptions necessary to launch cloud instances. I'd like to make a cheap purchase of an Android phone and use it as an Ubuntu Server. I would basically use only the command line interface; There's a lot of tutorials for putting the Ubuntu GUI on your phone, I just want a server instance though that I can shell into.

Surprisingly, I can't seem to find any tutorials of doing this, even on rooted devices. Does anyone have any experience with running an Ubuntu server from an Android device? I'd hope that all packages would remain valid even from the Android hardware.

It's possible to do something similar with laptops, I know. But laptops require more power and are less discrete & mobile than phones.

I'm also wondering if there will be any problems with hardware compatibility in doing this. Like, obviously, I wouldn't be able to add a USB interface (without additional hardware).

I have been using Termux which is a linux emulator environment for Android. It seems to have a large open-source community around it.

You can enable things like SSH.

You can do it. I am already hosting my website in my phone Ubuntu server.

https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.how2shout.com/how-to/how-to-install-ubuntu-linux-on-android-without-root.html

Step 1: Download UserLAnd App
This app is available on Google Play store, here is the link to download it. There is no complications in its installation just like any other, open Play store on phone either use the here given link or search for UserLAnd and when appears, tap to install it.

Step 2: Run UserLAnd to install Linux OS on Android
The moment, the app opens, you will see multiple Linux distros options along with their logos such as KALI Linux, Ubuntu, Alpine, Arch Linux, Debian along with lightweight Debian based Desktops with Xfce and Lxde desktop environment. It also has some Linux development, games and productivity apps.  Well! here we are only about to focus on the process to run Ubuntu on Android.  Tap on the Ubuntu icon.

Run Ubuntu Linux on Android using Userland

Step 3: Setup Username and Password for user and VNC
When you tap on the Ubuntu or any other Linux distros have given in UserLAnd, the first it will ask you to setup username, password and VNC password.

Type whatever you want and remember this will set as a standard user of your Android’s Ubuntu operating system. Once done, tap on the Continue option.

Create username and password for Ubuntu on Android

Step 4: Download Ubuntu for Android
The next thing which we need to select that how we would like to connect installed Linux OS Ubuntu on Android with SSH or VNC. I would like to use SSh which is simple and from the inbuilt terminal of UserLAnd, I can easily control my Linux operating system. We will also show later in this article how to use RealVNC to connect the existing Ubuntu, KALI or any other OS available on this Android application.

After that, it will say the files of Ubuntu to download on Android are of 80MB and would like to download it without Wifi, tap continue if you want to download them on mobile data. It will take a few minutes to set up all depend upon your internet connection speed.

ubuntu for android download

Step 5: Login to Android running Ubuntu
After the installation, as we have selected the SSH in the beginning, a terminal window will open. Now here just like regular Ubuntu server enter the password you have created above for your Ubuntu image running on Android.

Login to Android Ubuntu

Step 6: Update and Upgrade  Ubuntu running on Android
Apart from the small screen and no init boot it is just like Windows 10 WSL, you will not feel any other differences on this Ubuntu Linux image, emulated on Android phone.

Thus, now we can use the keyboard to enter the command to our Linux. Let’s first update and upgrade all the packages of it. Run the following command

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Update and upgrade ubuntu running on Android

Step 7: Set the root password for Ubuntu
As we know by default there is no password for the root user, so to set that use the following command:

sudo passwd root

Enter Unix Password two times that you want to set and it will be done…

In this way, we can use this app to have Ubuntu for fun and experiment Linux on an Android phone or tablet. You can install further packages and LAMP environment.


How do I find the package that provides a file? Simple enough question: is there some shell command (or GUI method) I can use that, given the path to a file on my system, tells me what package put it there? Assuming the file did in fact come from a package, that is.

Bonus question: what if it's a file that isn't installed on my system? Is there, say, a website that will let me look up a file and see what packages, if any, provide it?

You can use dpkg command to find out which installed package owns a file:
From man dpkg:

-S, --search filename-search-pattern...
                  Search for a filename from installed packages.

Example:
$ dpkg -S /bin/ls
coreutils: /bin/ls

You can either search with a full path or with just the filename.
If you wish to search for files not yet installed on your computer, you can use the Ubuntu Packages Search
or apt-file as described in a different answer.

Why:
Different distro has its own way, too many commands to remember  o(╥﹏╥)o
How:
A universal solution: pacapt -Qo file_path
Outcome:
On ubuntu:
$ pacapt -Qo /usr/bin/iostat
sysstat: /usr/bin/iostat

On centos:
$ pacapt -Qo /usr/bin/iostat
sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64

Even can find path itself:
$ pacapt -Qo iostat
sysstat: /usr/share/man/man1/iostat.1.gz
sysstat: /usr/bin/cifsiostat
sysstat: /usr/bin/iostat
sysstat: /usr/share/man/man1/cifsiostat.1.gz

What is pacapt:

pacapt is a wrapper for many package managers

Install:
Simply download the portable script:
wget -O $HOME/bin/pacapt https://github.com/icy/pacapt/raw/ng/pacapt


Cannot connect to a specific wifi on ubuntu 20.04 I have a strange issue about Wifi connectivity. My home has two wifi modems, F1 and F2 for each floor. My Ubuntu version was 18.04 and I want to upgrade to 20.04, but have to upgrade to 19.10 first. Then when I finally upgraded to 20.04, I cannot connect to F2 wifi, it keeps connecting but never success. Connecting to F1 works well.

All I remember is when I was at Ubuntu 19.10, I use the F2 wifi to run command for upgrading to 20.04. Hence, when I unplug the F2 wifi modem and replug, my laptop can connect to it but when I disconnect it or restart the computer, the issue persists.

If you need any information for investigation, just tell me. Thank you.

Network logs should be sent to /var/log/syslog
You can perhaps try monitoring the log using:
tail -f /var/log/syslog

Then attempting to connect again.
Optionally you can also share the log (tail -n40 /var/log/syslog) and perhaps someone can help further.

On router settings (go to 192.168.0.1 or your router address):

Go through the setup wizard and also changed authentication method to WPA2-PSK.

Dlink administration SCreen .

On Ubuntu 20.04:

Assume that the wireless network interface is wlp5s0.

Edit file:

sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

Add following lines:

auto wlp5s0
iface wlan0 inet static

Save and close the file, then:

ifconfig wlp5s0 down
ifconfig wlp5s0 up


GPG error while trying to install tor from external repository Hello All I am Having a problem in installing tor in ubuntu....when i start adding tor repository to my system and write the command

gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv 886DDD89

then a error comes which is

gpg: Invalid option "--keyserver.ubuntu.com"
hailendra@hailendra-Ideapad-Z570:~$ gpg --keyserver keys.ubuntu.com --recv 886DDD89
gpg: requesting key 886DDD89 from hkp server keys.ubuntu.com
gpgkeys: key 886DDD89 not found on keyserver
gpg: no valid OpenPGP data found.
gpg: Total number processed: 0

can any one help me what to do?

In order to be able to install from a secured repository you will need to add their public key to apt.

You should have received an information on where to get the public key from the makers of the repository. Download this key and save it on your drive.

The we can add this key with

sudo apt-key add </path/name_of_downloaded_key_file>

try gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 886DDD89 this should work

try directly copy and execute command from line above, in your question you have mistake in input string gpg: Invalid option "--keyserver.ubuntu.com"

and you should use keyserver.ubuntu.com instead of keys.ubuntu.com

when key is received export it using this: `gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -

If this doesn't work please post output of this command: gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.net  --search-keys 886DDD89


I cannot start graphical apps as root I used to be able to do so, but something as simple as this fails now:

gksudo gedit

and this also fails:

sudo gedit

I receive the error:

Cannot open display.

I haved checked this:

.Xauthority and .ICEauthority have my user as owner and also read/write permissions
As both files are binary, I cannot understand them and check if they are corrupted

Probably, I have some misconfiguration.
I have read this before and many other guides before asking.

I'm using Ubuntu Precise 12.04 64-bit.

You can try executing export DISPLAY=:0 before the command as a workaround.

Or, alternatively, use DISPLAY=:0 gksudo gedit.

Try this in a terminal:

su -

this will ask root password and give a root terminal session, this worked for me, I could run gedit without problems, for example.


"Unable to load session 'ubuntu'" in 12.04 I removed Unity via the Software Store and rebooted.

Now I got the following error:

  unable to load session 'ubuntu'

I can't log in as guest either.

Repair attempt:

Please open tty (virtual console, text mode only): Ctrl+Alt+F1

Enter:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get -f install
sudo dpkg-reconfigure ubuntu-desktop
sudo reboot

If above does not work, try:

sudo apt-get install gnome-session
sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo apt-get install unity-greeter
sudo dpkg-reconfigure lightdm

The install commands will tell self-explanatory if it’s already installed or not.

Credits: http://riveridea.wordpress.com/2012/03/22/how-to-solve-failed-to-load-session-ubuntu/

Because the problem is unable to load session 'ubuntu', So the solution might

sudo apt-get install ubuntu-session


How can I add a new user as sudoer using the command line? After I add a user using adduser, I can't see it via System > Administration > Users and Groups unless I log out and then log in again. Is that normal?

Also, can I set a newly added user as a sudoer or do I have to change that only after adding it? How can I do that via the shell?

Finally, can I delete the original user that was created upon initial installation of Ubuntu, or is this user somehow 'special'?

Just add the user to the sudo group:

sudo adduser <username> sudo

The change will take effect the next time the user logs in.

This works because /etc/sudoers is pre-configured to grant permissions to all members of this group (You should not have to make any changes to this):

# Allow members of group sudo to execute any command
%sudo   ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

As long as you have access to a user that is in the same groups as your "original" user, you can delete the old one.

Realistically, there are also other groups your new user should be a member of. If you set the Account type of a user to Administrator in Users Settings, it will be placed in at least all of these groups:

adm sudo lpadmin sambashare

Because your system configuration may vary, I suggest taking a look at the output of groups <username> to see what groups are normally in use.

All members of the group admin, are in Ubuntu by default allowed to use sudo, so the easiest way is to add the user account to the admin group.

If you do not want to give the user account full root access, you need to edit the /etc/sudoer file with visudo (it makes sure that you do not have any syntax errors in the file and lose sudo capability altogether) in a way that you specify what commands this user (or a new group) can execute as root.

The sudoer manual will give you more information about this. You can specify which commands are permitted by a particular user/group to be executed as root.


Vino VNC Server unable to start on startup So I am trying to get the Vino VNC Server to startup on boot, meaning I don't have to login to have the VNC Server start. I am on Ubuntu GNOME 15.04, and I have already added

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server

to 'Startup Applications'. However, the VNC Server still won't start as soon as I boot up. I have to login in order for the VNC Server to start. What should I do? Do I need to create a systemd unit file? If so, how do I do it?

Edit: This question is different from this becuase I need Vino Server to work, while that guide suggests x11vncserver.

create a systemd unit or service to run vino server at startup

cd /etc/systemd/system/

sudo vim vinostartup.service

[Unit]
Description = description about the service
After = network.target
[Service]
ExecStart = /usr/lib/vino/vino-server
[Install]
WantedBy = multi-user.target

Enable the service

sudo systemctl enable vinostartup.service

Verify it using below command vinostartup.service will be there

ls multi-user.target.wants/

If you don’t want to wait until next boot (it’s already enabled) we can start the service

sudo systemctl start vinostartup.service

I think you can go to Control Center, then Startup Application and add a new item with the command:

/usr/lib/vino/vino-server &


Is there a ".d" directory to use to load modules at boot time, opposed to /etc/modules? I am automating some configurations on my systems using Puppet (however, that is not really relevant here). For a group of machines I want to load a kernel module at boot time. The most elegant way seems to edit /etc/modules and add one on an individual line. However, I would like to use separate files in a ".d" directory structure for easier maintainability, rather than having Puppet editing a file.

For modprobe and specifying the options for or blacklisting modules, there's /etc/modprobe.d/, but what's the most elegant way for actually loading modules at boot time using a single new file? Basically, I'm looking for the non-existing /etc/modules.d/ directory.

Any suggestions?

The directory you are looking for is

/etc/modules-load.d

For example, to always load the nf_conntrack_pptp kernel module, add nf_conntrack_pptp to /etc/modules-load.d/pptp.conf. The filename doesn't matter, but I'm guessing the convention or requirement is that it ends in .conf.

This is implemented for older Ubuntu versions (without systemd) using a SysVinit script in /etc/init.d/kmod. For newer systemd-versions (15.04+), systemd handles this. Read the documentation man 5 modules-load.d.

When using a file in /etc/modules.d directory
you have to use install directive.

Since "install" is expecting [module_name] [command]

install your_module /bin/true

will do the trick ;)


Hiding the sidebar in Ubuntu I have two questions :

First, I wanted to hide Ubuntu’s side-bar, so I set the settings in appearance to 'autohide'. The side bar did indeed disappear but when I roll over the left side, the side bar don't appear again. So, I am using a virtual box. Can it explain the fact that this bar doesn't show again when it is set to autohide.

Second, assuming I wouldn't be able to come over the problem, I pined to the dock every element of the sidebar, except the dash home. Is it possible either to pin it in the dock or to launch it from the terminal ?

Auto-Hide of side bar (or Ubuntu dock in 17.10 and later) in Ubuntu desktop can be easily done as following:

Go to System Settings.
Then go to Appearance (Dock in Ubuntu 18.04).
Click on Behavior.
Turn on the Auto Hide Launcher (Auto-hide the Dock in Ubuntu 18.04). By default it is off.

Just auto hide the task bar and set the sensitivity all the way down to low and it wont pop up again


Interrupted release upgrade (14.04 to 15.10) and now system only boots to command line I tried to upgrade from Ubuntu 14.04 to 15.10 via update-manager.

It all went well, all the packages were downloaded, step "installing packages" (or something like that) was in progress.

I haven't touched my mouse or keyboard, so in a few minutes the screen had blacked, and when I touched the mouse, there was just the blinking underscore at the screen...
I made a wrong decision then to reboot - first by pressing the on/off button - a nice blue xubuntu screen appeared with a rolling progress line, but it seemed to get stuck, so I pressed the button and held it until it shut down...

Then I started my laptop again - and now there's only a command line available.

Update: I can startxfce4, but it seems to be not the best solution, also networking doesn't work there...

Update: lsb_release shows the version is already 15.10

You could also reinstall your Ubuntu operating system, keeping your personal files intact:

Boot from an Ubuntu 15.10 live USB drive or DVD. When asked, chose the option to reinstall:

This should keep personal files untouched.

However, it is always recommended to have an up-to-date backup of all important files - just to be prepared for any accidents!


I tried to install Ubuntu 13.04, but it failed my last Ubuntu 12.4 crashed, so I tried to install Ubuntu 13.04 on my Asus Ee PC 4b, using an USB of 4GB (Unetbootin and the ISO for ubuntu), and it failed. It appeared this message on the screen:

" BusyBox v1.20.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.20.0 -8ubuntu1) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built - in commands.

(initramfs) mount: mounting / dev/ loop0 on //fylesystem. squashfs failes: Invalid argument
Can not mount /dev/loop0 (/cdrom/casper/filesystem.squashfs) on //filesystem.squashfs "

What should I do?

Thanks!

What it means is that the files on your USB are corrupted so it cannot install properly. You need to clean off the USB flash drive then run Unetbootin again. Make sure that the Ubuntu iso you downloaded is also not corrupted. It may be good to download Ubuntu again and use the fresh copy to eliminate all possible sources of corruption.


Blank/empty hostname I am using Ubuntu 12.10 and i was wondering if there is way to not send my hostname when connecting to a router? For example when I connect to my router I can see my laptop hostname when I log on the router, under "DHCP Leases".

I dont want to change my hostname, I would just like to not send anything so that under "Hostname" in my router my laptop mac address appears with no name. Is that possible? I have noticed sometimes that blank hostnames do appear for some connected devices.

Edit: I am aware of this How can I stop sending my hostname via DHCP? however it does not seem to work under ubuntu 12.10.

You forgot to tell us if you are running Ubuntu, and what version.

On my Ubuntu 13.10, I'd have to edit /etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf and comment the following line:

send host-name = gethostname();

"Commenting" a line is just putting an # before it, so it would look like this:

#send host-name = gethostname();

Edited: by the way, this was already asked:

How can I stop sending my hostname via DHCP?


cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory Problem with this file /tmp-air-nkhvxz-setup-error-while-loading-shared-libraries-libgtk-x11-2-0-so-0

I try to solve this problem and try to install  libgtk-x11-2.0.so.0

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs

but two links above do not work. Is there any other alternative one?

I have the same problem and I was unable to fund solution on the internet, nothing worked for me. Finally I've managed it to work simply by installing libgtk2.0-0:i386 graphic library from the Ubuntu Software Center.

You can also type the following command in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386

You need to install some libraries:

sudo apt-get install libgtk2.0-0:i386 libnss3-1d:i386 libnspr4-0d:i386 lib32nss-mdns libxml2:i386 libxslt1.1:i386


Not enough free disk space when upgrading I'm getting an error in software updater when I try and do my daily updates. it says:

The upgrade needs a total of 25.3 M free space on disk `/boot`.
Please free at least an additional 25.3 M of disk space on `/boot`.
Empty your trash and remove temporary packages of former installations
using `sudo apt-get clean`.

I tried typing in sudo apt-get clean into the Terminal but I still get the message. All of the pages I read seem to be for experienced Ubuntuers. I'm running Ubuntu 12.10. I want to upgrade to 13.04 but understand I have to finish these first.

This is the output from typing in cat /etc/fstab into the Terminal:

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=fa55c082-112d-4b10-bcf3-e7ffec6cebbc /boot           ext2    defaults        0       2
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-swap_1 none            swap    sw              0       0
/dev/fd0        /media/floppy0  auto    rw,user,noauto,exec,utf8 0       0
matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$

Output of df -h:

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/ubuntu-root  915G   27G  842G   4% /
udev                     984M  4.0K  984M   1% /dev
tmpfs                    397M  1.1M  396M   1% /run
none                     5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none                     992M  1.8M  990M   1% /run/shm
none                     100M   52K  100M   1% /run/user
/dev/sda1                228M  222M     0 100% /boot
matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$

And dpkg -l | grep linux-image gives:

ii linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic 3.5.0-17.28 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic 3.5.0-18.29 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic 3.5.0-19.30 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-21-generic 3.5.0-21.32 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-22-generic 3.5.0-22.34 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-23-generic 3.5.0-23.35 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-24-generic 3.5.0-24.37 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-25-generic 3.5.0-25.39 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
ii linux-image-3.5.0-26-generic 3.5.0-26.42 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP
iF linux-image-3.5.0-28-generic 3.5.0-28.48 i386 Linux kernel image for version 3.5.0 on 32 bit x86 SMP

Note: this answer is meant to be more of an 'explanation' than providing the best/easiest way to remove old kernels. For the best/easiest way to remove old kernels, please review the other answers.

Okay, so from the output of /etc/fstab you posted, it seems that your /boot is mounted on a separate partition, and from the output of df -h, that partition is full. This is because there are old kernels installed that are not needed; you can tell that by looking at the output of dpkg -l | grep linux-image that you posted, where you can see more than one "linux-image" with different versions. We need to remove the old versions.

First, I want you to run the command uname -r in a terminal, this will show you the kernel version you are currently using. We never want to remove that kernel version. The command will say something like this 3.5.0-26-generic. Take a note of that number, 26! The following commands will assume that that's the kernel you're running.

The command to remove an old kernel version is:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-x.x.x-xx-generic

...where the x characters are numbers. So, in your case, because you have a lot of old versions (17, 18, 19, etc...), we would have to run this command for each of the versions, like this:

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-17-generic
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-18-generic
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-19-generic

...and so on. But, there's a way to do all of this through one command. The command is this (DO NOT RUN THE COMMAND YET! Read the following. ):

sudo apt-get purge linux-image-3.5.0-{17,18,19,21,22,23,24}-generic

This command will remove the versions mentioned in the brackets. I didn't include versions 25, 26 and 28 because of the following reasons:

Didn't include 26 obviously because that is the kernel version you are currently running! That's the version we got from the command uname -r, remember? We never want to remove that!
Didn't include 28 because that's the one that your upgrade was trying to upgrade to (you can tell that from the iF status next it, meaning that it's "half configured").
Didn't include 25 because it is usually good practice to leave at least one old version. So since you're running 26, we'll keep 25, so we won't include it in the command above.

So if the last number in uname -r is 26 (or 28, or even 25), then it's safe to run the above command. Enter your password when prompted, and type y when asked. This will show a bunch of lines, and will eventually go back to the command prompt (in your case, matty@matty-G41M-ES2L:~$), hopefully without errors. When it's done, do df -h and look at the last line, the one that starts with /dev/sda1. You should find that it now has more space, and that the percentage used is less than 100% like it was before. You can now proceed with your update again.

Do you have any old kernel image packages installed, which aren't being used? Those can take up space on /boot. I'd recommend reviewing the set of installed kernel packages with a command such as the following:

dpkg -l "linux-image*" | grep "^i"

That should provide an overview of the set of kernel image packages installed. For those linux-image packages that are not being used and that would not be expected to be needed for recovery purposes -- for example, e.g. I like to keep at least one kernel version behind the active version installed, for recovery -- otherwise, you could remove any such unused packages, using your favorite packaging tool, such as aptitude.

I'd also recommend taking a look at the related inux-headers, linux-image-extras (if applicable), also linux-source, and linux-tools packages, such that may be installed together with any unused linux-image packages.


Login Loop on Ubuntu 16.04.4 on Parallels i know that there are many replicas of the same question, but I am stuck with this problem, as many others, with the only difference that my ubuntu is running on a virtual machine.

When i try to login, the system just gives me back the login screen, asking for the password.

I have tried to:

mv .Xauthority .Xauthority.bak

and it did not work.

I upgraded and updated the packages but nothing. I also upgraded the Nvidia drivers as many had problems because of it.

Can someone please help me solving the problem?

I also had this problem and fixed it by disabling disabling 3D graphics acceleration in Advanced VM settings (i.e. Under Hardware Tab and inside Graphics).

I tried a bunch of things, but what ended up working for me is updating to version 18.04 through the command line (from login screen with Ctrl+Alt+F1 or Ctrl+Alt+F3).


Cannot change soft block setting to "no" for AR9287 Wireless Network My wireless works, but I have to right click the network manager applet and enable wireless on every boot which is annoying.

This is the output of rfkill normally:

x@Triela:~$ rfkill list
0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
2: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

When I rfkill block 0; rfkill block 1 this is what I get:

x@Triela:~$ rfkill list
0: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no
1: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: yes
2: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

When I rfkill unblock all, it clears all but the soft block on 0. My wireless is switched on/off by fn + f3. The indicator light for it is lit when connected, and blinks when there is activity, but it does not show me the on/off state.

I have tried everything I could find on the internet, but nothing has worked to unblock it or keep wireless enabled.

This is the output of my wifi card from lspci -v:

06:00.0 Network controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR9287 Wireless Network Adapter (PCI-Express) (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Foxconn International, Inc. Device e034
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
    Memory at d0200000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
    Capabilities:
    Kernel driver in use: ath9k
    Kernel modules: ath9k

You may be have a common issue with a clash between the acer-wmi kernel module and your Atheros driver.

Suggestion - copy and paste (line by line) the following into a terminal:

sudo modprobe -r acer-wmi
cd /etc/modprobe.d
sudo nano blacklist.conf

Then add blacklist acer-wmi as a new line at the end of the file.

Save (Ctrl+O) and reboot.

Run these commands in a terminal:

sudo rmmod -f ath5k
sudo rfkill unblock all
sudo modprobe ath5k


wifi problem on ubuntu 16.04..! I have installed Ubuntu 16.04 and and there is no sign of wi-fi, no on/off indicator

I have seen all the solutions on internet:

how to handle wi-fi problems, but none worked for me. I have HP Pavillion laptop.

What can I do?

output:
arjun@arjun-HP-Pavilion-15-Notebook-PC:~$ lspci -vvnn | grep -A 9 Network

0

8:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
    DeviceName: Broadcom BCM43142 802.11bgn 1x1 WiFi Adapter + BT 4.0 combo adapter
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [103c:2230]
    Control: I/O- Mem+ BusMaster- SpecCycle- MemWINV- VGASnoop- ParErr- Stepping- SERR- FastB2B- DisINTx-
    Status: Cap+ 66MHz- UDF- FastB2B- ParErr- DEVSEL=fast >TAbort- <TAbort- <MAbort- >SERR- <PERR- INTx-
    Interrupt: pin A routed to IRQ 0
    Region 0: Memory at b5500000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32K]
    Capabilities: <access denied>
    Kernel modules: bcma, wl

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:hanipouspilot/rtlwifi
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install rtlwifi-new-dkms linux-firmware

this worked on ubuntu 14.06. test it and tell me if it worked for 16.04 too.

I had faced the same issue in HP Pavillion laptop twice. Follow these steps:

Run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
Download bcmwl-kernel-source in .deb format and then install through terminal. It may ask additional dependency, Download and install them separately.


Running Canon 120 LiDE scanner on Ubuntu 14.04 I am running Ubuntu 14.04 and Windows 7 virtually. I know that the Canon 120 LiDE cannot run on Ubuntu, but would I be able to run it through Windows 7 virtually?

Now the canon LiDE 120 runs on Ubuntu 14.04 and tested in 16.04 as well, for this you have to do the following:

To add the SANE PPA so that you have the latest version of SANE (proposed)
or for (backport), check out the following links
https://launchpad.net/~rolfbensch/+archive/ubuntu/sane-release and

https://launchpad.net/~rolfbensch/+archive/ubuntu/sane-git accordingly.

And now open your terminal and type

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rolfbensch/sane-release

then run

$ sudo apt update

then (assuming the user has the sane and all sane libraries installed) do a full-upgrade by

$ sudo apt full-upgrade

If you do not have sane and all its libraries installed then install it by executing the following.

$ sudo apt -y install sane libsane libsane-common sane-utils libsane-extras

Now your scanner should work with any frontends like simple-scan or gscan2pdf.

or you can compile sane-backend from the latest source, for that you can follow https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CompileSaneFromSource.
and it will help your system recognizing your device https://help.ubuntu.com/community/sane, and the current sourcecode is hosted here https://gitlab.com/sane-project/backends

# Your USB scanner was (probably) detected. It may or may not be supported by
  # SANE. Try scanimage -L and read the backend's manpage.

# Not checking for parallel port scanners.

# Most Scanners connected to the parallel port or other proprietary ports
  # can't be detected by this program.
done
zorin@zorin-E2050-2391:~$ -L
-L: Befehl nicht gefunden.
zorin@zorin-E2050-2391:~$ scanimage -L

No scanners were identified. If you were expecting something different,
check that the scanner is plugged in, turned on and detected by the
sane-find-scanner tool (if appropriate). Please read the documentation
which came with this software (README, FAQ, manpages).


Two finger scrolling lags on ubuntu 20.04 Made a fresh install of Ubuntu 20.04 yesterday, I'm dual booting alongside windows 10. It lags when you scroll with two fingers on the touchpad. I don't have such issues on windows as scrolling is very smooth. How can this be fixed? It's a HP probook 640 G2

It is a linux bug, probably from the kernel with synaptic touchpads, just by putting the 2 fingers the cursor is lagged. This occurs on all existing versions of linux, with xorg-input-synaptics and libinput I checked on all. It is a software problem because in windows the touchpad is fluid.


EPSON FX-2175 dot matrix printer setup How can I add an EPSON FX-2175 dot matrix printer to Ubuntu 16.04? It is installed but I can't get proper printer settings and drivers.

Try downloading the PPD file from here:

Epson Dot Matrix


How to start XAMPP from a shortcut I've had Xampp installed on my machine for a while but I have yet to figure out how to start the GUI from a shortcut.

At the moment I am launching

sudo /opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run

From the terminal every time I want to start it, but it's pretty annoying to have to go through the terminal for this every single time.

I have already tried pasting that command in a shortcut and when I try to start it nothing happens. Here's how my shortcut looks:

Any idea how I can get this to work?

Follow this link.

https://junise.wordpress.com/2017/07/23/xampp-in-ubuntu-desktop-shortcut-launcher-entry-home-folder-shortcut-inside-htdocs/

Change this sentence:

Exec=sudo /opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run

And add:

Terminal=true

at the end of .desktop file.

I'm using lampp, but this solution worked for me in ubuntu 18.04. I think it should work for you too, good luck.

edit: You may need to modify some of the content in /usr/share/polkit-1/actions/xampp.policy for example the line that reads

<annotate key="org.freedesktop.policykit.exec.path">/opt/lampp/manager-linux-x64.run</annotate>

you should change that to reflect your path instead like this

/opt/xampp/manager-linux-x64.run

I don't remember if xampp installs into /opt/lampp or not, but check that your path is correct.


Side bar and Menu bar lost after upgrading to 14.10 I am new to Ubuntu and just installed Ubuntu 14.04.1.

After using it for 2-3 days I just installed the plugins and was experiencing the new features.

I've never worked on Ubuntu before. but after the update for Utopic Unicorn that is 14.10, the side bar and the menu bar are gone and before that I rebooted the system because the system hung after the first boot up after the update.

Since then they have disappeared. The only thing that I can see is the song that I made a shortcut on the home screen.

I can move my cursor and open up the settings using the change desktop background option. The music is also playing just fine.

I am unable to open the terminal using ctrl+alt+t, but I can access TTY1.

Please tell me a solution for this. I am stuck. I'd also like to mention one thing, when I log in as guest all the menu bars and side bars appear.

I don't want to reinstall the whole system, please give me a solution.

First of all, this is possible to do.

Reinstall Ubuntu-Desktop , Unity and lightdm using apt-get install reinstall ubuntu-desktop unity lightdm ,and reboot your device , let me know if the problem still there, thanks .

I'm afraid that I'd suggest that you boot up from a DVD, backup any files you want to keep, then wipe and reinstall.

You may well find that a clean install of 14.10 will work, or you could play it safe and reinstall 14.04.


WiFi auto discovery works in Window 10 but does not in Ubuntu 14.04 I have successfully installed ubuntu 14.4 LTS alongside with Window 10 in my new Aspire E15 E5-573G-779S. WiFi auto detection in Window 10 is ok but not in Ubuntu 14.04. Appreciate if anyone can help to advise. Thanks.
Results of lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A2 shows

03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Qualcomm Atheros Device [168c:0042] (rev 30)
    Subsystem: Lite-On Communications Inc Device [11ad:0806]
04:00.0 3D controller [0302]: NVIDIA Corporation Device [10de:1299] (rev a1)

First of all, can you connect to any Wi-Fi manually in your Ubuntu system?

If your machine is a laptop, you need to make sure the Wi-Fi adapter (or "wireless network") is toggled ON when using Ubuntu. On most laptops there is a hardware toggle that controls this. You may want to check your BIOS settings, too, because there might be a software toggle there.

Usually you can enter your BIOS settings by pressing and holding key F2, F10, or Delete during startup when the some logo appears (this is usually referred to as the POST screen), before any operating system loads.

I found a manual for your computer, it is https://content.etilize.com/User-Manual/1027476497.pdf It says you can enter BIOS settings using F2.

In your BIOS settings there might be an option that turns on your Wi-Fi adapter at startup.

Try to put the Wi-Fi on ALWAYS ON in the BIOS. In my experience this will solve the problem.

Good luck!


How to open mutilple instances of the Terminal? In former releases of Ubuntu, one could easily have an independent Terminal Window open in each workspace. For example, One could be used for editing program code, another compiling and linking and a third one for testing, each in it's own workspace.

But In Ubuntu 12.04,  it seems that each workspace can only contain another but different application ?

You can always open a new window of an application by middle-clicking on the application icon in the launcher. The windows can be placed wherever you want.

I recommend you to user Terminator application(it can be installed from Software Center) which is very nice and do exactly what you want. I use it myself too.


Interpreting uname output: 32 or 64 bit? I used uname command and obtained:

Linux rufusruffcutt 3.2.0-35-generic-pae #55-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 5 18:04:39 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

What do this mean and how can I tell if this is a 32- or 64-bit kernel version?

From man uname:

  -a, --all
                print  all  information,  in the following order, except omit -p
                and -i if unknown:

   -s, --kernel-name
          print the kernel name

   -n, --nodename
          print the network node hostname

   -r, --kernel-release
          print the kernel release

   -v, --kernel-version
          print the kernel version

   -m, --machine
          print the machine hardware name

   -p, --processor
          print the processor type or "unknown"

   -i, --hardware-platform
          print the hardware platform or "unknown"

   -o, --operating-system
          print the operating system

So in your case:

Linux       rufusruffcutt 3.2.0-35-generic-pae #55-Ubuntu SMP Wed Dec 5 18:04:39 UTC 2012 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux

So you have a machine hw which is  i686, a processor type i686, and a hw platform which is i386.

In Ubuntu builds, i386 are the 32-bit builds; in a 64-bit system they would be x86_64.

Using uname -i should give you just the hardware platform.

i686 is the name of an Intel processor architecture with 32 bit word length.


Mass conversion of images to GIF I have created over 600 images from a simulation I ran. I want to convert these images into a GIF format. Can you provide me a way to do so and one that allows me to show each image for >1second.

ImageMagick can do it:

convert -delay 100 -loop 0 image*.png animation.gif

Replace image*.png with whatever your images are named.

Install it with:

sudo apt-get install imagemagick

Beware that you'll need a lot of RAM for 600 files.

To show each image for > 1 second, open one of the images and your default image viewer should open. On a fresh install of Ubuntu Eye of Gnome Image Viewer will open.

To start a slideshow:

  Click View ▸ Slideshow or press F5.

Image Viewer will start a slideshow of each image in the folder.

You can customise the slideshow settings, like how many seconds each picture should be displayed for, in the Slideshow tab of Preferences:

  Click Edit ▸ Preferences ▸ Slideshow


Ubuntu 12.04 Keyring broken "signature not found in user keyring perhaps try the So, for some reason i cant suddenly log into my main account, so i did alt+ctrl+f1 and saw the message "signature not found in user keyring perhaps try the interactive 'ecryptfs-mount-private'"

I can log into another account such as root without any issue how would i fix this issue?

This happened to me tonight. It happens when you change your user password, but not your encryption passphrase. They are usually in sync.

To fix this, simply run:

ecryptfs-rewrap-passphrase /home/.ecryptfs/$USER/.ecryptfs/wrapped-passphrase

It will prompt you for your old passphrase, then allow you to enter a new one. Then, you will be able to log in normally.

Fix:signature not found in user keyring perhaps try the interactive 'ecryptfs-mount-private

sudo dpkg -P ecryptfs-utils


Intel Atom Cpu D510 1.66GHz Dual Core 32 bits can run in 16.04 or 17.04? What is the ideal version for this machine (Intel Atom Cpu D510 1.66GHz Dual Core 32 bits) I think the problem is that the minimum requirement is a 2GHz dual processor. What can be another option?

Both options work and I am sure there will be no major performance differences between 17.04 and 16.04, and the documentation says the same. Although if I were you I would install Lubuntu which is a really lightweight version of Ubuntu with less preinstalled packages. Also you did not mention the amount of memory you had so if it is below 1 gig i would recommend Lubuntu.

It is great for low spec systems like the one above, but Ubuntu regular should work as well.

Here is some documentation to read up on for further questions:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/SystemRequirements

All the best

You can find the system requirements at here:
https://www.ubuntu.com/download/desktop
as bellow


How to make everything on stdout be read aloud (using espeak)? I've got the eSpeak TTS system up and running, and I like it quite a bit.

I'm wondering, is there a way to pipe EVERYTHING that gets printed to STDOUT to espeak? I'm trying to set up a system without a monitor that would speak the terminal output to me.

I've found the brltty-espeak package, but I have no idea how to set it up.

You can just pipe it like:

<your command> | espeak


blinking cursor in the left when booting from the harddrive but works fine from flash drive I am installing ubuntu for the first time. I got ubuntu installed on a flash drive and can boot from said drive. I have installed ubuntu on my hard drive as the only OS on the hard drive. It doesn't boot. It loads the hp loading screen and then goes to a blinking cursor in the upper left. Holding shift or hitting escape does not bring up the grub menu.

I am wondering what i did wrong.
I ran boot repair didn't seem to help.
Here is the feedback file they provided.
http://paste.ubuntu.com/7506978/

Thanks in advance,
Greg

Same happened to me, ran repair etc, re-installed twice the second time without internet access and it booted up ok.


How to install windows media player plugin on chromium? There is a website that streams local TV and it requires windows media player plugin. I have LUbuntu freshly installed, but it simply says "Missing Plug-in". It doesn't say anything about what packages I need to install. What's the right package/s to install?

Ok I've got it working now. I have removed the packages from Medibuntu PPA (since I don't require its packages yet) and installed these packages:

totem-mozilla
gstreamer0.10-alsa
gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg
gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3
gstreamer0.10-nice
gstreamer0.10-pitfdll
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad
gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base
gstreamer0.10-plugins-base-apps
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
gstreamer0.10-pulseaudio
gstreamer0.10-tools
gstreamer0.10-x
flashplugin-installer

These are taken from the package list from my previous Ubuntu (thanks to dv3500ea for the clues). I am not sure if there are any packages that are safe to remove. I forgot the forum thread in which I followed the guide. I also have VLC plugin (mozilla-plugin-vlc) installed but it's not necessary to play the video. I still have it enabled and the video is playing.

I would look at the possibility of using wine to install Internet explorer and Windows media player. Take a look at winetricksfor more information.

there is also the possibility that he may need to use MS SilverLight. There is an open source alternative called Moonlight that is available for ubuntu.


check hdd for errors and repair My boot in windows is damaged, i've tried several things and every time (even when i'm trying to format with a clean installation of windows 7, repair disc win7 doesn't work either) i try it gets to a black screen only with the mouse arrow. i installed ubuntu 12.04 via usb stick and everything is working fine, apart some bad sectors 22 that ubuntu states - probably the errors are from there. I would like to know if there is any program like chkdsk.exe in windows to search and repair the hdd (i've already tried disc utility but never gets to the end-i wanted more than 10 hours not even the small check and from command prompt aswell)

There is a very good tool called testdisk.

With testdisk you can see bad sectors, repair them, repair whole hard disk drives and you can restore whole file systems (data restore).

I have tested the tool and can say that it is very good.


Errors were encountered processing libreoffice-common I have tried using "sudo apt-get -f install" and I have also tried "sudo apt-get install -f" to fix the dependencies with no luck. This is also preventing me from installing Synaptic to remove libreoffice and fix the problems. I have both Openoffice and Libreoffice

miguel@Miguel:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
libreoffice-common
Suggested packages:
libreoffice-style-crystal libreoffice-style-hicontrast
libreoffice-style-oxygen libreoffice-style-sifr
The following NEW packages will be installed:
libreoffice-common
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 8 not upgraded.
15 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/20.3 MB of archives.
After this operation, 79.3 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n] y
(Reading database ... 263460 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../libreoffice-common_1%3a4.4.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~trusty1_all.deb   ...
Unpacking libreoffice-common (1:4.4.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~trusty1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libreoffice-   common_1%3a4.4.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~trusty1_all.deb (--unpack):
trying to overwrite '/usr/bin/soffice', which is also in package openoffice-  debian-menus 4.1-9764
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/var/lib/libreoffice/share/prereg/’: No such file or directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/var/lib/libreoffice/share/’: No such file or directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/var/lib/libreoffice/program/’: No such file or directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/var/lib/libreoffice’: No such file or directory
rmdir: failed to remove ‘/var/lib/libreoffice’: No such file or directory
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.2-0ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.54ubuntu1.1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.04.20140409-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-icon-theme (3.10.0-0ubuntu2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
/var/cache/apt/archives/libreoffice-common_1%3a4.4.1~rc2-0ubuntu1~trusty1_all.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)`

I found out that this is A Confirmed Bug

If you are running antivirus... like sophos, you need to disable on demand scanner and then update your system and then re enable your on demand scanner.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/apt/+bug/1454668

gksudo nautilus
Deleted everything with in folder /var/cache/apt/
Turn the ppa of for Libreoffice
run sudo apt-get -f install

This worked for me and was originally posted on problem with update of libreoffice, I just added a few things to clarify a bit.


How do I extend a partition using unallocated space? I have run out of space in my virtual Ubuntu install, so I doubled the disk in Hyper-V and added 150GB of space. How can I use that unalocated space to extend sda5?

Image of GParted displaying the partitions

Here's the only guide I found that actually worked. No command line commands got me anywhere near what I wanted to do. https://www.itworld.com/article/2833066/virtualization/how-to-extend-a-linux-virtual-machine-partition-in-hyper-v.html

Here's an image of GParted after I was done.

Edit: Well the system itself still only sees it as 150GB when viewing the system details, so my imaging server is only seeing 150GB. I'm glad I don't regularly use Linux. ¯\_(ツ)_/¯


Dual Boot Windows 7 and Ubuntu with SSD and HDD So I have an Acer laptop that has both an HDD and SSD. I have been having trouble dual booting Ubuntu with Windows. For some reason Ubuntu does not recognize Windows and I do not want to wipe out windows hard drive... Ive done this 3 times already on accident ha(First time I lost Windows 8 but I hated it anyway). I was wondering if it was okay to keep windows on my hdd and just install ubuntu on my ssd(20 GB)?

Or in anyone has an alternate solution I am all ears.. Thanks!

Not to mess up with Windows while installing Ubuntu, do the partitions with Gparted THEN do a custom installation using the new partitions.
Grub2 should find the OS whatever disk they are on. Just make sure to install the grub to the 1st disk in the boot order.

Since both the operating systems are on different hard drives, I think the BIOS will always check 1 disk before the other. And whichever OS it sees on that disk, it will boot into. One option to pick the OS at boot-up is to switch the boot-order when you boot. There is usually a small time-frame during boot-up in which you can press a key,for example, F11, but may be different, to enter boot options This should be displayed when you boot your machine.

boot...


Permission Denied when launching Matlab I am new to Ubuntu. When trying to open Matlab I get a Permission Denied response. How can I fix this?

1cqxdz1:~> /usr/local/MATLAB/R2013b/bin
/usr/local/MATLAB/R2013b/bin: Permission denied.

Turned out I need to instead type in:

/usr/local/MATLAB/R2013b/bin/matlab &

Thanks @Harris

I think you should do:

sudo matlab

Instead of:

matlab


i can not edit file even after entered root password i want to edit actual_brightness with gedit in (/sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0) to change brightness level.
my way is pressing alt+f2 then gksudo gedit then enter the password
after editing the number and press save
its give me (you don't have the permission necessary to save the file)

note:i cannot change brightness level from settings

where is the mistake?

run ll /sys/class/backlight/acpi_video0 and you'll probably get something like this

% ll /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/
total 0
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 actual_brightness
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 bl_power
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 brightness
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Jul  6 14:01 device -> ../../card0-eDP-1
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 max_brightness
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root    0 Jul  6 14:01 power
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    0 Jul  6 14:01 subsystem -> ../../../../../../../class/backlight
-r--r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 type
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 4096 Jul  6 14:01 uevent

actual_brightness is read-only. I'm guessing you're supposed to write to brightness, and actual_brightness will be automatically updated when/if your write to brightness causes an update.

Before you do this, though, try xbacklight.

2 possibilities I can think of:

Sudo ain't giving you "full" root rights. Sudo is just executing stuff with root's rights while still being you - roughly speaking.
(It also does not require root password, but sudo password, this might even be the password of the user who is "sudo-ing")
It might fix your problem if you try to become root: do "su" in the terminal and enter the roots password. You will see that your prompt will change to root@PCNAME. Then try editing the file with gedit (launch via this terminal session ofcourse) again.
If this does not work, it's simply not a permission problem (afaik) - the file is read-only. Part of the unix-philosophy is "everything is a file". Even devices, even not really "existing" stuff.
It does not always make sense to have something writable. Example: No matter how much permissions you have, you never will be able to really mount an iso read-writeable.
So: Try achieving the same without writing the "file" ;-)


How to update LibreOffice to the latest version? Possible Duplicate:
  How do I install the latest stable version of LibreOffice?

I'm new to Ubuntu. I've Ubuntu 11.10 with LibreOffice 3.4.4 installed. But, I heard that is a newer version of LibreOffice 3.4.5.

How can I update to this version?

By installing Ubuntu you will have realised that you do not only get an OS but also preinstalled software like LibreOffice. Most other Open Source software is also available through the Software Center in case it is not installed already.

This has the following advantages for you

you have free access to Software tested to run.
security updates will instantaneously be provided not only for the OS but also for your software.
when upgrading to a new release of Ubuntu all your software will also be upgraded.

New software versions need testing for compatibility with Ubuntu. Therefore new program versions will not appear until the next release of Ubuntu. This will be every 6 months. So what you usually do is to just wait until the next release to see that all of your software will be upgraded as well without you having to do anything further.

Only very rarely there is a need for an interim software upgrade (e.g. your program gets new features that you can't wait for or has a bug that is not a security issue).

In case you are new to Ubuntu I recommend to not upgrade software from other sources than the official repositories in the Software Center until you are familiar with the way we do it here. Even later it is always wise to wait with upgrades until it is clear they have no bugs and will perform nice. If you follow this advice you will be rewarded with a fairly stable system (that however may not always have all brand new features included yet).

LibreOffice 3.5.x will be included in the next release of Ubuntu 12.04 that comes to you in April 2012.

You are most welcome to install untested or beta software to help finding bugs and thus contribute to make Ubuntu better. This is very easy to do - but it will always be at the cost of stability.

type sudo apt-get update
which will install all the available compatible update till now...
It is advised to use compatible softwares..rather than non-compatible versions..look the linux section of following website http://www.libreoffice.org/get-help/system-requirements/


How can I close Multiple Pdfs at the same time I have lots of pdf opened(40-50). I want to close all pdfs at the same time, not one by one.

You could send a regular kill signal to all instances of the PDF reader application.

First, identify your application name. For GNOME default PDF reader is evince, for KDE this is okular. Now, kill all of those processes you own using pkill, like this:

pkill -u gert evince

To kill all evince processes owned by me (gert).

Easiest solution is to go to Task Manager/Processes/Apps and close Adobe there. That will close all open pdf files.


How to disconnect from OpenVPN? I'm connecting using VPNBook servers and it works fine with this command:

 sudo openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/vpnbook-udp-53.ovpn --auth-user-pass /etc/openvpn/password.txt

but I just can't seem to figure out how to stop it without a reboot.

I've tried service openvpn stop and /etc/init.d/vpnbook stop, but that doesn't seem to affect it.

This command definitely works for me, and it should work for you too.

sudo killall openvpn

sudo update-rc.d openvpn disable

Or edit the config file in /etc/default/openvpn

sudo nano /etc/default/openvpn

And uncomment the line:

#AUTOSTART="none"

So it looks like:

AUTOSTART="none"

Then you'll have to run:

sudo service openvpn start < vpn-name >
to manually start the VPN.

sudo service openvpn stop < vpn-name >
to manually stop the VPN.

< vpn-name > is the config file name without .conf extension

located in /etc/openvpn and without the < >


Eclipse menus are cut off or don't show I'm using Ubuntu 13.10 (with JDK 1.7.0_45).

I've downloaded and uncompressed Eclipse Kepler for Java EE Developers.

The software menus are messed up. I didn't notice similar problems in other software.

When I click any menu in Eclipse, the drop-down seems to be "cut". Sometimes the drop-down shows, but the options are invisible.

I tried Eclipse Indigo, but the same problem occurs.

How To solve Eclipse menu issues in Ubuntu 13.10

(Stable way, until someone fixes the bug)

This method takes for granted that you already have your eclipse.desktop file (or that you can alternatively create a new one from scratch). Otherwise, you can momentarily take a look at the "fast way" below.

Open your eclipse.desktop file:

sudo -H gedit /usr/share/applications/eclipse.desktop

(If you can't find it in this path, try in ~/.local/share/applications/eclipse.desktop. Otherwise, you could have to find yours using locate command).
Replace the Exec= line with this:

Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse

Where "eclipse" is the path to your eclipse executable. In this case it's just "eclipse" since there's a symlink in /usr/bin folder.

NOTE: If you can't find your eclipse.desktop file, you can simply create one from scratch in the above path, and fill it with these lines:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Eclipse
Icon=eclipse
Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse
Terminal=false
Categories=Development;IDE;Java;

Save the file.

Now you can run Eclipse from its icon as usual.

(Fast but repetitive way)

If you haven't got any eclipse.desktop file and you don't want to create it at the moment, you can simply run Eclipse with this command:

UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse

where "eclipse" is the path to your eclipse executable. Note that this is just the fast way to run Eclipse once. If you don't want to remember this command and use it every time you have to run Eclipse, follow the "stable way" above.

Or you can make an alias out of it

alias eclipse = 'UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= eclipse'

and the command eclipse will work fine.

Sources:

Keenformatics - How To show Eclipse menu in Ubuntu 13.10 Saucy Salamander (my blog)
Ubuntu documentation - EnvironmentVariables
Eclipse menus doesn't show up in Saucy

In my case the file didn't exist,

I had to create it in ~/.local/share/applications

just create eclipse.desktop containing

Version=4.3.0
Name=Eclipse
Exec=env UBUNTU_MENUPROXY= path=/home/abali/apps/eclipse/eclipse Icon=/home/abali/apps/eclipse/icon.xpm
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=IDE;

Don't forget to do

source eclipse.desktop

, then open eclipse and it just works.


How can I uninstall python3.5.0 installed from source code? I installed python 3.5.0 from the source code available at python.org. How can I remove that installed package?

From this source

You can do :

make clean removes any intermediate or output files from your source / build tree
If you can, running make uninstall will work.
The last option is you have to manually uninstall it. Running make -n install

Note : You must cd the file location where you make install


No writeable permissions when mounting Windows folders So I have a Windows machine and a number of folders that I want to share my network. I've no problem mounting the folders and they have the correct permissions set in Windows. I'm mounting them using the following

sudo mount.cifs '//WINDOWS_MACHINE/WINDOWS_FOLDER' /mnt/windows_folder/
-o uid-1000,gid=1000,username=$USRN,password=$PASS

You appear to have a typo in one of the -o options you're passing to mount.cifs. Your goal seems to be to mount the share so its files are treated as being owned by the user whose UID is 1000 and the group whose GID is 1000.

gid=1000 is correct, but you have uid-1000. You should have uid=1000 instead (i.e., you have a - where you should have a =).

I don't know if that's the only problem, but assuming the text shown in your question is what you're using, that may explain why it's not working.

If there is not also a separate problem on the server side (which, if the share is accessible from other Windows machines with the same username and password, there probably is not), then it's likely that fix alone will resolve your problem.

That's the only actual error I've noticed, but I'll mention a mistake that's often made: Sometimes people specify their Ubuntu username and password with username= and password=. These should instead be the appropriate username and password for the Windows system that you're connecting to. (Sometimes these might be the same as your Ubuntu username and password, but only if you've deliberately set them the same on both systems.)

By the way, you might consider specifying the password interactively rather than on the command-line (so it doesn't go into your history). If you omit the password= option entirely, you should be prompted for a password to access the share. (This will be separate from the sudo password prompt.)

Use forceuid,forcegid,file_mode=MODE and dir_mode=MODE to explicitly control the permissions of the mounted filesystem if you have problems. Usually you don't need to set all of these unless you are using it with a certain other user (like mounting as root then using it as UID/GID=1000 in your case, you can force it to allow you (UID 1000) to be the owner of the items, hope that helps.

Just a note: Also, Windows shares are denoted with a double backslash \ not forward slash. Mount.cifs does reverse them but its a habit that can give you trouble later. Don't forget to pass 'rw' option for writing the filesystem and, make sure you use a user/passoword that has write permissions on the windows side.


how to install wine on Ubunut 17.10 64 bit Running on Ubuntu Desktop 17.10, I tried to install wine but I always get the following error message :

root@abdrzj-VPCEH26EA:/etc/apt# apt-get install wine
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package wine is a virtual package provided by:

  winehq-devel 2.22.0~xenial
  wine-stable 2.0.2-2ubuntu1
  wine-development 2.18-1
You should explicitly select one to install.
E: Package 'wine' has no installation candidate
root@abdrzj-VPCEH26EA:/etc/apt#

Run command to install the key:

wget https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/Release.key && sudo apt-key add Release.key

Also add the Wine repository via command:

sudo apt-add-repository https://dl.winehq.org/wine-builds/ubuntu/

run sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 to make sure 32 bit architecture is enabled

Lastly, run sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install --install-recommends wine-stable to install wine-stable.


How can I set up PyCharm to launch from the Launcher? I have installed PyCharm on my brand new Ubuntu 13.10 laptop.

To launch PyCharm, I find I must navigate to the directory that pycharm lives in, and execute it from there as such:

cd home/matt/software/pycharm/bin sh pycharm.sh

I hope this isn't asking too much, but I would like to be able to click on an icon in the Launcher to launch this application.

I tried right-clicking on the PyCharm icon in the Launcher when the app is running and selecting "Lock To Launcher" but this doesn't work (after pinning, when I try to run the software this way, the icon throbs in a very awkward manner a few times and does nothing).

A small app called Alacart was rumoured to be useful, but I have no idea how it works, and it appears useless.  I'm not sure why the authors teased us with a "Help" button if there are no help files written for us to view.

Further attempt has included reading page after page of technical documentation on how to write scripts that will somehow help me customize my experience.

How can I set up PyCharm to launch from the Launcher???

PyCharm can create it's own launcher icon (but it's not created by default).

All you have to do is:

Start PyCharm.
From the Tools menu, select "Create Desktop Entry..."
Tick the corresponding box if you want the launcher for all users.
If you selected "Create entry for all users", you will be asked for your password.
A green message bubble should appear informing you that it was successful.
You should then be able to find PyCharm in the Unity Dash or pin it to the launcher.

Note: You may need a system restart before it appears.

Assuming default Gnome WM, with the PyCharm Application open, right click on the dock icon. Choose "Add to Favorites" option.


Why aren't icon shown in xfce4-panel menu items when loaded into Unity? In my Xubuntu session, icons appear correctly in my xfce4-panel menu applet.
If I launch xfce4-panel in my Unity session, the icons are missing.

Probably those icons are related to something in notification area.
In Unity notification area is already handled by another indicator, and the one in xfce4-panel (or whatever else) would conflict. That's why the second loaded notification area will always fizzle.

Xfce4 is gtk2, unity is gtk3/qt/javascript. The enviroments are different


Error: 'There was a problem connecting to the CUPS server.'after upgrade 14.04 to 14.10 After upgrade from 14.04 to 14.10, I can not use my (SAMBA) network printer anymore. Jobs stay in the que forever.
When I go to 'Printers' and ask for the properties of the printer, I get the message: "There was a problem connecting to the CUPS server".

In Firefox I can browse localhost:631 (as mentioned in another post on this forum, not from me) and the printer is visible.
When trying to print a test page from there, I get another error message: Connection failed: NT_STATUS_CONNECTION_REFUSED. For me, this is totally uncomprehensible.

With 14.04 and before, it worked like a charm. I have tried to install the printer again, to no avail. The printserver is not found, the printer not seen.

(And, not related, but my computer is a lot slower since this 'upgrade'. Think I'll go back to 14.04. Wish I had made an image of my harddisk, as a usually do before any upgrade. Until now, every upgrade went smooth, so I figured I could skip this time. And of course...)

List the iptable configuration with the command

sudo iptables -L

Then use the following script to open CUPS connection on the port 631

## open cups (printing service) udp/tcp port 631 for LAN users ##

iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p udp -m udp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 192.168.1.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT

Allow all inbound cups requests.

iptables -A INPUT  -p tcp  --destination-port 631  -m state --state NEW  -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT  -p udp  --destination-port 631  -m state --state NEW  -j ACCEPT

Hope this helps!

In Ubuntu 14.10 the printer has to been on line. That is Ubuntu must be able to make a connection. Otherwise it will fail (on my machine).


12.04 server runs into grub "unknown symbol type" problem and I get stuck in grub rescue, how do I fix it? When I try to boot I get stuck in a grub rescue prompt, with the messgae:

error: unknown symbol type '13'.

grub rescue> _

I hard rebooted the server over PuTTY, with the standard reboot command (I think).

How can I fix this and get my server to boot, since it runs my website?


Higher screen resolution in VirtualBox? I've just installed Ubuntu 10.04 into VirtualBox on Windows 7.

Unfortunately the only options showing for screen resolution are 640x480 and 800x600 and the monitor is showing as 'Unknown'.

How would I go about upping the resolution to 1280x1024 (I'm on a 1600x1200 monitor)?

Update
I tried mounting the VirtualBox 'Guest Additions' ISO (from the VBox 'Devices' menu) and doing sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run
from the mounted drive, which gave 2 new listed resolutions after a reboot (1024x768 and the 16:9 version of that resolution). These worked when I selected them but disappeared when I switched back to another resolution. I tried rebooting and running VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run again but onlu the 2 low res options listed this time.
I think I'm going to reinstall...

Seems to be a VBox problem rather than an Ubuntu problem as after reinstalling 10.4 overwriting the original virtual partition, sudo sh ./VBoxLinuxAdditions-x86.run now has no affect at all.

You need to install the VBox guest utilities to add support for the virtualised graphics hardware.

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-utils virtualbox-guest-x11 virtualbox-guest-dkms

Previously you might have needed the "ose" versions:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-ose-guest-utils virtualbox-ose-guest-x11 virtualbox-ose-guest-dkms

This may have already been resolved but I had this issue and fixed it very simply, I just updated VirtualBox to the latest version then re-installed the guest additions.


Is there any SCP program available for Ubuntu that does not require SFTP on a remote host? I need a program that can manage files on a remote device running Linux using SCP. The remote device runs OpenWrt. On Windows there is a perfect one WinSCP. it is weird that there is no native program that can be used.
The program should be able to:

list files
copy and move files to/from the device and within the device.
delete files on the device
view and edit files
change file permissions

I have found only one alternative, except using CLI and installing WinSCP with wine.
It is Midnight Commander with fish. It works really poor. The problems are:

It mixes up ~ on a remote device and on the computer.
It can't edit files. I can open and edit, but they are saved to a wrong place.

There is a lot of other annoying problems that makes it almost unusable. I gave up using mc and now I am using pure shell on the remote device.
Please do not tell me that Nautilus, etc support these features. They don't!!!
Linux native file managers require SFTP that is not available on the remote device.
Maybe it is possible to get nautilus use SCP, but I did not find a way of doing it without changing sources.
THIS IS NOT A DUPLICATE !!!
I have a specific requirement that is not covered in the duplicate question.
If it is not possible on Ubuntu, then this could be an answer.

Update : The problem here is that openwrt does not support linux clients without installing the sftp server.

See https://wiki.openwrt.org/doc/howto/sftp.server

openwrt has no intention of resolving this, see https://trac.cyberduck.io/ticket/4161

So, from the first link, the solution , server side, is to install openssh-sftp-server

opkg update
opkg install openssh-sftp-server

You can then use any number of graphical clients or sshfs - see What is a program similar to WinSCP? and What is a program similar to WinSCP?

Alternate is to use winscp with wine

sudo apt-get install wine
wine winscp.exe

Mount external server using sshfs

After that, it is mounted to your filesystem, you can use any file browser of your choice.

Example:

sshfs user@server:/directory ~/remote_directory

To automate the process, add an entry in fstab

sshfs#user@server:/directory /home/your_local_user/directory fuse idmap=user 0 0


How to change 3D game resolution on 12.10 64bit with nvidia graphics driver I have problem with nvidia graphics driver opensource and proprietary ! Can't change resolution on 3d games and there's a bug there are no kernel sources installed and thus jockey can't install proprietary drivers.

I can't change resolution while on games fullscreen.
I tried to install proprietary driver and i couldn't plus i couldn't login to ubuntu it showed only the desktop photo no dash no nothing.
-tried to install kernel sources and blacklist+remove Nouveau drivers and then installed the proprietary drivers i hope succesfully.
-The problem is the same i can't change resolution on 3d games while on fullscreen.

I've installed the sources and be able to install the proprietary nvidia drivers but the problem remains,
look what i got in the output of a 3d game exited while i tried to change resolution:

X Error of failed request: BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
  Major opcode of failed request: 150 (XFree86-VidModeExtension)
  Minor opcode of failed request: 10 (XF86VidModeSwitchToMode)
  Value in failed request: 0x25b
  Serial number of failed request: 497
  Current serial number in output stream: 499

I'm giving you more details about my system:
i have an nvidia geforce gts 250 , 3,4 ghz quadcore amd phenom2 , 8gbytes of ram.

The output of:
sudo lshw -C display; lsb_release -a; uname -a

Is the following:

*-display
       description: VGA compatible controller

   product: G92 [GeForce GTS 250]

   vendor: NVIDIA Corporation

   physical id: 0

   bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
   version: a2

   width: 64 bits

   clock: 33MHz

   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom

   configuration: driver=nvidia latency=0

   resources: irq:18 memory:fa000000-faffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff

memory:f8000000-f9ffffff ioport:ef00(size=128) memory:fb000000-fb01ffff

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID: Ubuntu

Description: Ubuntu 12.10

Release: 12.10

Codename: quantal

Linux darkpc 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64

x86_64 GNU/Linux

I like ubuntu's style and user interface but i hate the bad quality of work they do.

To install the latest nvidia drivers (304.60 to the moment) on a fresh install of ubuntu 12.10 64 bits follow these steps.

Install the package linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic *
Download the driver according to your card model and save it at /home/user/
Give it execution permission.
Open a terminal an type: sudo stop lightdm
Press Ctrl + Alt + F1
Login as root
Execute ./NVIDIA...name-of-       your-driver-.run in the directory where you  saved the driver .
Follow the instructons... the installation it's going to fail, this is cause the nouveau driver is running and it won't let the nvidia driver to get installed, (don't worry about this, at this point the nvidia driver installer will put the nouveau driver in a blacklist file to prevent it from loading the next time you boot your system)
Reboot your system an repeat steps 4-7, This time the installation should be fine and the nvidia driver will be correctly installed.
Re-reboot your system or type sudo lightdm start

*This may vary depending if you have installed new kernel updates. In that case I suggest to start from step 2, follow instructions until a error message appear saying that the path to the kernel headers can't be found and that you have to install the missing package (in my case linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic)

Para instalar los últimos drivers de nvidia (304.60 al momento) en un ubuntu 12.10 64 bits recién instalado, sigue estos pasos.

Instala el paquete linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic *
Descarga el driver que corresponda con tu modelo de tarjeta y guárdalo en /home/user/
Dale permisos de ejecución.
Abre un terminal y escribe: sudo stop lightdm
Presiona Ctrl + Alt + F1
Accede como root
Ejecuta ./NVIDIA...name-of-       your-driver-.run en el directorio donde guardaste el driver .
Suige las instruciones... La instalación fallará, esto ocurre porque el driver de nouveau está corriendo y no permitirá al driver de nvidia instalarse, (no te preocupes por eso, en este punto el driver de nvidia pondrá al de nouveau en un archivo blacklist, para prevenir que se cargue en el próximo inicio del sistema)
Reinicia tu sistema y repite los pasos 4-7, esta vez la instalación debería ir bien y el driver se instalará correctamente.
Reinicia tu sistema de nuevo o escribe sudo lightdm start

*Esto puede variar dependiendo si has instalado nuevas actualizaiones del kernel. En ese caso sugiero empezar desde el paso 2, sigue las instruciones hasta que un mensaje de error aparezca diciendo que la ruta a las cabeceras del kernel no pueden ser encontradas y que tienes que instalar el paquete que falta (en mi caso linux-headers-3.5.0-17-generic)

Any doubt just write me back
Cualquier duda... escríbeme.


How to shrink Windows partition with unmovable files in dual boot installation To install Ubuntu alongside Windows 7, I have to shrink Windows 7 partition C:. But due to some unmovable files, I cannot shrink as much as I plan by using Windows own shrinking tool. I guess many of you who have both OSes on the same hard drive must have similar experience. How to solve this problem?

Any reference that can help is also appreciated!

Thanks and regards!

UPDATE:

I have identified what unmovable file currently stop further shrinking:

\ProgramData\Microsoft\Search\Data\Applications\Windows\Projects\SystemIndex\Indexer\CiFiles\00010015.wid::$DATA

If I understand correctly, the file belongs to Windows Search. Can I set up somewhere in Windows system settings to temperately eliminate the file and similar ones (because there are many similar files under the same directory which I guess will also stand in the way of shrinking and unmovable by defrag)?

Just had the same problem, but the instructions in Working around Windows' "Shrink Volume" inadequacies worked well for me. (The title mentions Vista, but it worked well for Windows 7 too.)

It's a bit long to repeat here, but the main points are

Close every program you can (any file currently in use is treated as unmovable, including browser cache files)
Run the Windows Disk Cleanup Wizard
Disable pagefile, kernel memory dump, system restore and hibernation (the primary system level unmovable files)
Run a defragmenter that can move files to the start of the disk

On a 60 GB SSD with about 35 GB free space, "Shrink Volume" in Windows 7 initially freed a paltry 100 MB, but following the steps in the article it was able to free the whole 35 GB.

See also the ubuntuguide.org documentation on multiple OS installation.

Well, I've just spent a day trying to get various defraggers to move the (extremely stubborn) unmovable metadata which Win7 puts in the middle of the drive for safety. None worked (Raxco, Ultradefrag, Win7 defragger). Finally I used MiniTools Partition Wizard (free for home use) which 'knows' about Win7 and does not mess up the Win installation. From what I have read, GParted (which I know and love) seriously risks screwing things royally, and I could not take the risk. Partition Wizard seems a very slick program, BTW. I used the CD version - much safer.


Security warning from Facebook in Chromium I am terrified.

Every ten minutes Chromium pops up with a tab stating:

Success
SECURITY WARNING: Please treat the URL above as you would your password and do not share it with anyone.

Very confused as to how it got here, so I've been running ClamAV. Ran it fully on my home folder, and it found some MS viruses that I removed, and still nothing.

I'm wondering if it's some sort of Ubuntu dash applet that is trying to connect to Facebook? I've changed my password on FB just to be sure, and nothing has changed.

Thanks for the help? :(

This is a bug in Facebook. Simply delete Facebook from your Online Accounts and you should not get this error message in your browser. A work around has already been released for Saucy and Quantal/Raring's ones are being prepared.

I'm hoping this works for more people but, I got a fix for this problem by updating my Windows Live Messenger. Now that Windows Live Messenger and Skype are working together it apparently needs you to update the Windows Live Messenger to incorporate Skype with it. Once I did this it allowed me to log in with Facebook and get all of my Facebook contacts. Hope this helps.


Installing packages upon installation automatically I commonly install/remove a bunch of software after installing Ubuntu, I wonder about the methods to automate it.

Is anything like /etc/apt/packages where I could define which packages I want?

Pressed configuration files work on initial setup, however I'd like it to work regardless of the status of the system.

You can use any file for that. Just create a file packages in your home folder. List there all the needed packages and install them by

cat packages | xargs sudo apt-get install

or

xargs -a packages sudo apt-get install

The same way you can remove or purge a list of packages.

The list may look like

vlc
ubuntu-restricted-extras
mc

You can use a kickstart script and pxe boot with puppet and it will be completely configured auto-magically on first boot. Completely hands off.


Do I really have SATA 6 Gb/s if I get <400 MB/sec disk reads? pawel@paulbook:~$ dmesg | grep -i sata | grep 'link up'
[    2.355461] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[    2.691842] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)
[29631.906614] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)
[29631.914605] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[41633.796009] ata1: SATA link up 6.0 Gbps (SStatus 133 SControl 300)
[41633.803999] ata3: SATA link up 1.5 Gbps (SStatus 113 SControl 300)

pawel@paulbook:~$ dmesg | grep -i --color ahci
[    1.994964] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: version 3.0
[    1.995148] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: irq 48 for MSI/MSI-X
[    1.995180] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: SSS flag set, parallel bus scan disabled
[    2.011185] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x35 impl SATA mode
[    2.011191] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: flags: 64bit ncq sntf stag pm led clo pio slum part ems sxs apst
[    2.035576] scsi0 : ahci
[    2.035697] scsi1 : ahci
[    2.035794] scsi2 : ahci
[    2.035873] scsi3 : ahci
[    2.035939] scsi4 : ahci
[    2.036000] scsi5 : ahci

pawel@paulbook:~$ dmesg | grep -i  ahci | grep -i --color Gbps
[    2.011185] ahci 0000:00:1f.2: AHCI 0001.0300 32 slots 6 ports 6 Gbps 0x35 impl SATA mode

To me it seems that my mainboard has a SATA 6 Gb/s. However, when I benchmark my SSD I get less than 400 MB/s reads even though the vendor claims "550 MB/s sequential reads on both compressible and incompressible data" is available:

pawel@paulbook:~$ sudo hdparm -t /dev/sda

/dev/sda:
 Timing buffered disk reads: 1098 MB in  3.00 seconds = 365.76 MB/sec

Does it mean my mainboard has SATA 3 Gb/s? According to lspci I have Intel Corporation 6 Series/C200 Series Chipset Family but I couldn't find any information in the Internet which SATA is supported.

Well I was going to point you to How to know if hard drive supports Sata3 (6Gb/s) but your question is not what Sata version is supported but if the 400 you are seeing are in fact Sata3.

TIPS WHEN SELECTING A GREAT SSD DRIVE

I actually made a benchmark test with 3 hard drives on the same motherboard found here in Spanish and the things I learned from it were:

Not all SSD companies tell you the truth. I don't mean the "in theory it should achieve speeds of..." truth. I mean "I tested this and all I got was this lousy T-shirt". With this I mean that, one thing is what they tell you the SSD can achieve, another is what it actually achieves.
Not all SSD models from the same company achieve the same speeds. Or worse, maintain the same speeds for months.
Your favorite SSD company might actually be worse than that other new weirdly named company.
The motherboard can actually have a huge impact on the SSD's performance.

BENCHMARK (Samsung vs Intel vs Kingston)

Here is the information I gathered while I tested the following models (Noticed I changed the notation to BYTES, not BITS since we want the real world truth):

Intel 520 Series 120GB SSD which mentions in theory a READ speed of 550 MB/s and a WRITE speed of 500 MB/s.
Kingston SSDNow V300 120GB which mentions in theory a READ speed of 525 MB/s and a WRITE speed of 500 MB/s.
Samsung PRO 256GB which mentions in theory a READ speed of 540MB/s and a WRITE speed of 520 MB/s.

BENCHMARK (Results)

I got the following results from 10 tests with the Disks benchmark tool and 3 more with hdparm:

For the Intel, it showed an average of 465 MB/s (READ) & 329 MB/s (WRITE) with the Disks Benchmark. With hdparm I got an average of 398 MB/s (READ).
For Kingston which was the one I assumed would be the best of all 3 got an average of 404 MB/s (READ) & 298 MB/s (WRITE) with the Disks Benchmark. With hdparm I got 376 MB/s (READ).
For Samsung, the Disk Benchmark had a problem doing the Write test, so I could only do the READ test which gave me a 555MB/s. hdparm gave me 519MB/s (READ). Now, since I don't like to leave things half-baked, I did a normal test (10 times) of copying a file from one place to another on the same SSD. I first tried 1GB but it was too fast to test and find an average. I then tested 2GB, then 5GB and at last got to 10GB (Or 10.2GB to be exact) to test this. The average WRITE speed landed at 753MB/s.

So My first thought of seeing the Kingston as the fastest was wrong. Even my second thought of the Intel being the fastest was wrong. It was Samsung. Now I did the test right now again and got a speed of 716MB/s (WRITE). The drop might be X variable on the system but the speed nevertheless is very high.

BENCHMARK (Changing Motherboards)

Here are the impacts if I change motherboard (The previous test was done on an Asus Z87 PRO updated with the latest firmware). If I jump to an Intel DZ68DB which also advertises Sata3 (6.0Gb/s), all SSD drop between 40% to 60% of their speed with the Asus). This is how important the motherboard is. If you have a low cost motherboard with a high cost SSD, well, you just wasted your money on the SSD because of the limiting factor the motherboard will have on the SSD. To give you an idea, the Samsung was doing a 265MB/s READ speed and a 212MB/s WRITE on the DZ68DB. That's a huge drop.

Now here is an update for the ASRock H61M/U3S3 & the Gigabyte GA-H77M-D3H.

With the ASRock using the Disk utility 10 times, the Intel SSD got 140MB/s (READ) & 110MB/s (WRITE). the Samsung SSD got 180MB/s (READ) & 123MB/s (WRITE). I don't have the Kingston right now but you can guess from the other two how it would go with it.

With the Gigabyte using the Disk utility 10 times, the Intel SSD got 241MB/s (READ) & 209MB/s (WRITE). the Samsung SSD got 312MB/s (READ) & 295MB/s (WRITE). Again I don't have the Kingston right now but you can guess from the other two how it would go with it.

CONCLUSION

On all cases, hdparm, dmidecode, dmesg and any other HDD/SSD reading tool showed that I was "capable" of using Sata3, but the actual READ/WRITE speeds where not met to the speed one assumes to get from using Sata3 because it varies greatly between motherboards, SSD models and any other variable in between.

With all of this said and done, to answer your question: Is 400MB/s a Sata3 speed?

Yes, yes it is. Sata2 would really limit you from around 180Mb/s to 250MB/s in a real world scenario. Sata3 would push the boundaries well above the 300MB/s. But this is also affected by the motherboard, SSD model & SSD manufacturer.

On Hard Drive Benchmark which I always check to see which SSD to buy or recommend I found that your Crucial MX100 has 3 types of sizes, of which, only 2 appear in that list, the 512 & 256 versions. Each one with their scores. So here are the scores of the benchmarked SSDs I tested with the 3 types:

Intel 520 Series 120GB - 3699
Kingston SSDNow V300 120GB - 2514
Samsung PRO 256GB - 3536
Crucial MX100 256GB - 2916
Crucial MX100 256GB - 3729  (Model 2)
Crucial MX100 512GB - 3480

From the scores one would think the best is the Model 2 of Crucial, followed by Intel, but one would be wrong. Factors like motherboard, firmware version (For both, mobo and SSD), operating system and even BIOS/UEFI settings can change everything.

For my current case, enabling TRIM on the Samsung gave me a boost of about 150MB, which lands me in the 500+ Speeds. I actually did not know TRIM could change the speed until I enabled it. Another factor was updating the Asus firmware.

So yes, you are using Sata3, especially with a 365MB/s speed but something (Maybe motherboard, firmware, the actual SSD, the SSD cable, the geographical location, the altitude, Santa claus, some weird freaky alien electrical monster living inside your computer case, etc....) can have an effect on the actual performance. BTW, some motherboards when using old hardware connected to it, can somehow limit the performance of the rest. For example, having an old PATA CD-ROM or DVD-ROM connected can have a negative performance on the drive. Same goes for a 3.5 Floppy drive (I mean come on O.o).

Updating Ubuntu to a more recent version can have most of the time a positive impact on performance, especially if you read the performance improvements on the 3.14, 3.15 and 3.16 kernels.

Yes you do. When it says 6gbps it is just saying that that is what the maximum speed of the interface is. No drive has reached A gigabyte per second yet that I have heard of so everything is operating just fine and there is no need to worry. All that your system is saying is that the maximum interface speed is 6gbps and your volume is operating at 365.76mbps. When the manufacture says that the speed it 550mbps they are showing the results they got on THEIR system. The speed also depends on your mobo, bus speed, and interface.


How to install software or upgrade from an old unsupported release? Recently I have installed an older version of Ubuntu on my old machine. Whenever I try to install any software, I get an error saying it couldn't be found:

$ sudo apt-get install vlc
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Couldn't find package vlc

The repositories for older releases that are not supported (like 11.04, 11.10 and 13.04) get moved to an archive server. There are repositories available at http://old-releases.ubuntu.com.
The reason for this is that it is now out of support and no longer receiving updates and security patches.
I would urge you to consider a supported distribution. If your computer is too old in terms of memory or processor then you should consider a distribution such as Lubuntu or Xubuntu.
If you want to continue using an outdated release then edit /etc/apt/sources.list and change archive.ubuntu.com and security.ubuntu.com to old-releases.ubuntu.com.
You can do this with sed:
sudo sed -i -re 's/([a-z]{2}\.)?archive.ubuntu.com|security.ubuntu.com/old-releases.ubuntu.com/g' /etc/apt/sources.list

then update with:
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Sometimes, it might be faster to create backups of your system and reinstall using supported release instead.
Source: Can I keep using Ubuntu 9.04 if it's outdated?

To upgrade to a new release:
Once you have performed the above steps to switch to the old-releases mirrors, update the Update Manager and then do do-release-upgrade:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-release-upgrader-core
sudo do-release-upgrade

See also EOLUpgrades - Community Help Wiki.

In my case I was stuck in 19.04 for months because I didn't upgrades at time and I wasn't able to do the upgrade to 19.10 after that time. But the other day, Ubuntu automatically gives me the option to do a Partial Upgrade to 19.10 (maybe because I did a lot of stuff weeks ago, but sorry, I can't be sure the reason). So I did it and the result of lsb_release -a was Ubuntu 19.10. So I think I could be able to do another upgrade to 20.04.1, but isn't possible because 19.10 reached EOL.
The solution what I found today, 16 December 2020, to make an upgrade in Ubuntu 19.10 in EOL is to:

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list
Copy the following sources list (https://gist.github.com/ishad0w/788555191c7037e249a439542c53e170) :

deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe
multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal main
restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted
universe multiverse deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner deb-src
http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu focal partner

Paste it to your sources.list and disable with # the Eoan links.
In a terminal: update-manager. This will open the Software Updater window and check for updates and upgrades. Here is where I be able to make another Partial Upgrade, in this case, to 20.04.1LTS. Another lsb_release -a shows that I am in 20.04.1LTS.

I hope this will serve for someone, someday.
Merry Christmas to all.


How do I move Nautilus' navigation buttons to the left? Can the "navigation buttons" (forward and back) in nautilus 3 be moved to the left? I just find them impractical and confusing on the right. This is nautilus looks by default:

I would like to move the forward and back buttons to the left of the "location bar". The search button could be left there. Is it possible?

Edit: I posted this as as a bug to the Gnome developers. If you also feel the toolbar should be customizable, suscribe to the bug report in the following link:

https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=664311

At the moment there is not solution for this issue, its not a theme related setting that can be changed easily.

If you feel this is greatly affecting you, you may report a bug and suggest the change or the lack of that kind of settings directly to the gnome developers.

Has an option you can try to use another file manager that has the navigation buttons on the left side, I recommend you marlin the ElementaryOS file manager.

Bar can be customized

You can install it by adding the marlin official PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:marlin-devs/marlin-daily/daily && sudo apt-get update

Install marlin using this command

sudo apt-get install marlin

After that launch in your dash or by pressing AltF2 and typing marlin.

Be aware that marlin is still under development and should be used with some caution.

Open your Terminal:

sudo apt-get install gconf-editor

Run gconf:

gconf-editor

Go to “apps/metacity/general/”. Find “button_layout” and update the value to:

menu:minimize,maximize,close

Save, logout and login. Voila !