What does the asterisk and period do in find -name "*.mp3"? In find -name "*.mp3", there is an asterisk before the .mp3. Doesn't the * match the character before it any number of times? But there is nothing in front of the asterisk, so what does the * do? Or is it because the find command does not use regular expressions? So, is the . in .mp3 a regular expression character or does find just interprets it as a period to match?

The -name predicate takes a glob, not a regular expression.
In a regular expression, * would match zero or more of the preceding item. But since this is a glob, it matches zero or more of any character. That is, * in a glob means the same thing as .* in a regular expression.
In a regular expression, . would match exactly one of any character. But since this is a glob, it is not treated specially, and simply matches a literal . character. That is, . in a glob means the same thing as \. or [.] in a regular expression.
If you did want to match a single occurrence of any character in a glob, you would use ?. In a glob, ? means the same thing as . in a regular expression. This is quite different from ? in a regular expression, which matches zero or one of the preceding item (i.e., makes the preceding item optional).
The only syntax that's mostly the same in both globs and regular expressions is character classes enclosed in [ ]. For example, [aeiou] matches any character that is either a, e, i, o, or u. If you write a [ ]-delimited character class that works in most regex dialects, it's likely to be a character class with the same meaning when used in a glob, too.

Other than as the operand to find's -name and -iname predicates, another place where globs are widely used is by your shell. Unquoted globbing metacharacters are expanded by your shell automatically into a list of separate arguments corresponding to the filenames they match.
This is why it's important to quote such a pattern when passing it to find. If you don't, your shell will try to expand it. If your shell does expand it, find won't see the pattern itself, but instead the result of its expansion. This is undesirable and often confusing.
Note that your shell (probably bash, but this is true of Unix-style shells in general) will not, as its default behavior, expand ? or * to match a leading dot in a filename. For example, unless you've told it to behave otherwise, your shell expands ? to the filenames in the current directory that are one character long, other than . , even though a . entry is always present. And it expands * to the filenames in the current directory that don't start with .. (In bash, shopt -s dotglob would change this for the shell instance you run it in, and shopt -u dotglob would restore the default behavior.) It is only leading dots that are special, not other dots.
This differs from the behavior of find's -name and -iname predicates, where ? and * are always permitted to match a leading ..

Because you use double quotes, bash tries to expand the "*.mp3" glob.
If there are some *.mp3 files in the current directory, their names will replace the glob.
To demonstrate, put an echo at the beginning of the line, e.g. echo find ....
If you use single quotes ('), glob expansion is not performed.
Use "'*.mp3'" instead of ""*.mp3"".


How to sync onedrive for business? At my school we are starting to implement Office 365 for our students. We are working on basis of a bring-your-own-device strategy and will meet all kinds of devices and OS's. Office 365 comes with a built-in cloud feature, which can be synced to a newer Windows machine. Is there a possibility to sync to Ubuntu or Lubuntu machine, as it is possible with fx Dropbox?
Thanks for helping.
Armin

One Drive business (former Skydrive Business) also used as Sync tool for SharePoint has no native client for Linux. It is based on the Groove tool MS had back in the days.

For now you can only use the web browser to upload/download files.

Your best bet is that for OneDrive a Linux client/tool/daemon (like http://xybu.me/projects/onedrive-d/) will be built and that OneDrive Business support to use the same.

The Microsoft Office on-line has integration with Dropbox, as you can see in this link: Microsoft Office for Dropbox — Frequently Asked Questions. And there's a Dropbox client available at Ubuntu Software Centre, and also in the official website: https://www.dropbox.com/install?os=lnx.
So, should work fine.


ubuntu 14.04 how to set all user with same themes? This maybe a duplicated question, but I have search around and couldn't find my answer, or maybe I don't know the "terms" of this workaround, which is:

If I have more than 1 user in my system, and I want all user having the same themes and desktop environment, how to do that?

You have to use the /etc/skel

Make a user then apply all configuration you want to do. Then easily copy this configuration from your home to the /etc/skel.

So for now every new user will have the same settings of the firs main user.


'Install' option is missing in ubuntu software center I am new with linux. Recently I installed ubuntu 12.04 LTS (x64 bit). When trying to install software from Ubuntu Software Center, the Install button on right is missing.

Also, when I am trying to install CompizConfig Setting Manager, instead of Install button there is Use this source button.

Please help me how can i download.

It was working fine when i installed it on Wubi (Ubuntu 32 bit).

Now all is working fine...
There was something locking administrator, I just removed it out by

sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

and also deleted the lock file in the cache directory

sudo rm /var/cache/apt/archives/lock

After that all is fine...

Consider removing and re-installing Software Center. Press CtrlAltT, the terminal opens.

Here's how you can remove and re-install Software Center: Can I uninstall and reinstall Ubuntu Software Center?

Synaptic Package Manager is another faster and better alternative to Ubuntu Software Center.
To get it, type in terminal:

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install synaptic


Is there a simple way to remove the thick gray frame around the Dash menu? I'm referring to the frame seen here:

Is there an easy way to get rid of it? I don't like it and it doesn't really match the rest of the look that I'm going for with all the theming I'm doing. I've tried simply altering the files in /usr/share/unity/icons, but when I set them all to blank images with alpha 0 (which worked to remove the square behind icons in the launcher) the frame was replaced by a thick black border that was even worse than the original. Any ideas?

You can always fullscreen the dash by clicking the maximize button in the top left, which will remove the grey border.

You could use settings to alter it to be transparent,  and under settings to go to desktop, and there you can make it transparent, and you first have to from the terminal enter:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop

and write in /usr/share/unity/icons this transparency=10, and it might work fine this way.


Why do file transfers over USB slow down my whole computer? Whenever I transfer large files, or large amounts of files, over USB to or from an external drive, the whole computer slows down to a crawl during the transfer. I'm using Ubuntu 14.04, but I've had this problem before in earlier versions. Why does this happen? I want to be able to file a bug report to stop this from happening.

Cheers,
Reid

This sounds like a classic case of system load to me.

When you read/write something to/from a drive, it needs to lookup file information. However, that file may be fragmented, in different locations, or even organized.

When you copy something from your drive to a USB, you have to read a (potentially) fragmented file and then re-write it to another storage medium. With some systems (read EXT), it is often faster than other systems (cough NTFS cough). Also, if you have a bad processor, it wastes cycles for other things trying to copy things over.

There is really nothing you can do to solve this issue. There are workarounds, however:

Defragment your hard drive.
Use an EXT formatted flash drive where possible.
Install more memory as a "cache" space.

Use excess memory as a ramdisc.

Use a better USB protocol.
Upgrade your processor/PC.
Get an SSD.

Here is what you can do (not a solution but a workaround till you resolve the issue):

1) Find out which process is hogging CPU when you copy large files (may be Nautilus / Thunar etc).  You can use top or htop to find it.

2) Install cpulimit by issuing sudo apt-get install cpulimit

3) Limit the process found in Step 1 like this

cpulimit -e thunar -l 30

We are throttling the CPU usage by the process thunar restricting it to use 100 % of your CPU and bring your machine to a standstill.  You should be doing this only when you initiate a large file transfer / copy.

Let know if this works.


How do I mount ejected external USB flash Via terminal After safely remove or eject it, i want to remount it without unplug it, and re-plug it again ..
so Any suggestion pls?

PS

after using eject all usb memories are out of fdisk command scope i don't think it is that easy

`       Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1       109473792  1953525167   922025688   83  Linux
/dev/sda3         2050048    99706297    48828125   83  Linux
/dev/sda4        99708926   109471743     4881409    5  Extended
Partition 4 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda5        99708928   109471743     4881408   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Partition table entries are not in disk order`

None of them is the usb memory

First check what dev is your usb. It should be in FAT (most common) or NTFS

sudo fdisk -l

First you have to create mount point.

sudo mkdir /media/external

If your USB device is /dev/sdb1 and FAT

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/external -o uid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137

NTFS

sudo mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /media/external

For unmount

sudo umount /dev/sdb1

or:

sudo umount /media/external

I basically told you what is written in the wiki.


How can I use Thunderbird without an outgoing mail server? I'd like to use Thunderbird to download a copy of my web-based email. This is a read-only operation; I don't need the ability to send email.

Thunderbird, however, disables the button for adding an incoming email account until an SMTP server is added and tested:

How can I proceed without an outgoing mail server?

You can use a dummy SMTP server.

DevNullSmtp
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1006650/dummy-smtp-server-for-testing-apps-that-send-email

"use thunderbird for making backups" - what?!  If you want to make backups, you use a backup program.  Thunderbird is an email client.  As such, it sends and receives email.  To send, you need an smtp server.

If you want to just be able to read email but not send it, then you can change the auto detect settings so they don't need to be detected, and it will let you create the account without testing.


How to clean executable using make clean? After compiling several *.c and *.h files using make, I cleaned up the object files using make clean. However I don't know how to remove the executable.

my makefile code -->

    CC=gcc
    CFLAGS=-I.
    mp1: main.o downloader.o json.o
            $(CC) -o mp1 main.o downloader.o json.o -I.
    .PHONY : clean
    clean :
           -rm *.o $(objects)

Your executable seems to be the file mp1. Add this file to the rm command in the clean target:

clean :
       -rm *.o $(objects) mp1

This command is useful when make is not available in your system.
$ find coding/ -type f -executable | xargs rm
This command removes all executable files in the coding directory.
The first part of the command, the find part lists all the files which are executable.
The second part of the command takes the input from 1st part and gives it to rm command.
xargs - a command that converts its standard input into arguments of another program, look the man page for more info


Gnome-terminal in Ubuntu Unity shrinks to minimum size When I open a terminal in Ubuntu 15.04, it shrinks to 1 character by 1 character. I can use the corner resizer to make the window bigger, but it immediately shrinks to 1x1. There are a few x,y combinations that allow the window to stay at the desired size, but if you're off by a pixel, the window shrinks to 1x1.

There is another question, Gnome-terminal in Kubuntu shrinks to minimum size, that is basically the same thing, but in KDE. I tried to follow the instructions:

  In KDE, go to System Settings. Return to the overview if you are not
  already there. In the Workspace Appearance and Behavior section, click
  Window Behavior. In the area to the left, click the Window Rules icon.

but, there is no Workspace Appearance and Behavior section.
I couldn't find a similar setting in ccsm, gnome-tweak-tool or unity-tweak-tool.

% dpkg-query --show compiz
compiz  1:0.9.12.1+15.04.20150410.1-0ubuntu1
% dpkg-query --show unity
unity   7.3.2+15.04.20150420-0ubuntu1

The problem appears to be in the Adwaita theme. To avoid this problem, I opened the System Settings/Appearance and set the Theme to Ambiance (default).

Unfortunately this bug has not yet been resolved.  As you can see, this is due to an issue with using Adwaita, BUT:

I found that switching to the Vertex theme was not only an acceptable solution, but I think I prefer it to other options right now:

Instructions are here: Github Installation Section, but I simply used the xUbuntu packages here for Ubuntu 15.04; drop to shell and do:

sudo sh -c "echo 'deb http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/home:/Horst3180/xUbuntu_15.04/ /' >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/vertex-theme.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install vertex-theme

I then wanted to get the matching icons, and so used this for reference:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:moka/stable
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install moka-icon-theme
mkdir ~/.icons
cd ~/.icons
git clone https://github.com/horst3180/Vertex-Icons.git

Hopefully you already have Unity Tweak Tool (sudo apt-get install unity-tweak-tool) installed.  Then simply go in to its Appearance section -> Theme and pick Vertex-dark for your Theme and then pop over to Icons and select Vertex-icons if you like.

FYI, Breeze icons also look nice or perhaps just Moka itself without Vertex.  If you like the icons from the screenshot above, use Ardis.

Open terminal (CTRL+ALT+T)

Hold ALT then + T and use some of the options to reset the size.


From Screenshot to "edit Image" If I take a screenshot, often the next action is to paint on it. Sometimes I paint a circle around something, sometimes I blank parts to anonymize them.

Below is an example of the window after the screenshot was taken:

It would be great if I could directly go to "edit image".

BTW, I use Pinta, not Gimp.

I guess this is impossible.

Off-topic but nevertheless relevant:

I know the terms "Wayland", "Xorg", "Gnome".

But my grand mother is a user, not a geek. She does not know these terms. And it would be great, if she could use ubuntu without learning these terms.

Pomsky is correct use shutter.

It has a screenshot tool, once you take your picture, it has a built in image editor, you can paint or whatever.  Shutter is the easiest tool you want.

Thanks to Organic Marble for commenting, pointing that shutter is now available according to this article

Another option, if you ever decide to switch to gimp, it has a built in screenshot tool

http://openoffice.blogs.com/openoffice/2010/01/taking-a-screen-shot-using-gimp.html

I'd use shutter anyway, simply because it's the best tool for screenshots on any OS. You can even upload the image directly to imgur or several other photo sharing sites from within shutter.

There's also Flameshot, here's an article about it on OMG Ubuntu. I didn't test it, but if OMG talks about it, it has to be good, and indeed from the looks of it on Github, it seems pretty good, maybe even better than shutter.

  The app lets take a screenshot of your whole screen or a specific
  section, annotate it, and then save it locally or upload to Imgur,
  with the URL automatically copied to your clipboard ready to paste
  elsewhere.

  A powerful open source screenshot and annotation tool for Linux,
  Flameshot has a varied set of markup tools available, including:

Freehand drawing
Lines
Arrows
Boxes
Circles
Highlighting
Blur

  You can customise the color, size and/or thickness of many of these
  image annotation tools.

  There are also on-screen buttons to:

Move screen selection
Undo
Copy to clipboard
Save file
Upload to Imgur

  Many of these options can be accessed by pressing keyboard shortcuts

I'm on ubuntu 16.04, unity, if you are too, follow this tutorial

https://mithun.co/software/install-flameshot-on-ubuntu-16-04/

That worked perfectly for me, just make sure to use sudo. The package included in Ubuntu 16.04 software center does not work, at least for me.

There is an Ubuntu Help page for this problem:

https://help.ubuntu.com/stable/ubuntu-help/screen-shot-record.html

They also suggest to copy it to clipboard and paste it in your favorite image editing software.


AMD and NVIDIA GPUs together on Ubuntu 20.04 I recently got AMD Radeon RX 5700 XT card and I already had a GeForce RTX 2070 as my main GPU for sometime now.
I was trying to run them together and managed to do that on manjaro after installing the AMD card as the main one and running applications on the NVIDA card with prime-run when needed, now I'm trying to move back to Ubuntu and I can't get the same configuration running.

prime-run doesn't work at all even after installing nvidia-prime
Running anything with env vars __NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=2 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia doesn't work

root@my-pc:~#__NV_PRIME_RENDER_OFFLOAD=2 __GLX_VENDOR_LIBRARY_NAME=nvidia glxinfo | grep OpenGL
X Error of failed request:  BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)
  Major opcode of failed request:  152 (GLX)
  Minor opcode of failed request:  24 (X_GLXCreateNewContext)
  Value in failed request:  0x0
  Serial number of failed request:  39
  Current serial number in output stream:  40

I installed the proprietary drivers for both cards tried the answer here and nothing seem to work.

It's not really the answer, but if it helps.
I have both AMD and Nvidia on a laptop
I force Nvidia with instruction from https://forums.developer.nvidia.com/t/i-cant-enable-nvidia-gpu-with-nvidia-prime/69899/4
In this file  /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-nvidia.conf
I put:

Option   "PrimaryGPU" "true"

And reboot

It was fixed by removing nvidia drivers and reinstalling them.


Ubuntu is crashing after Java command I have installed Ubuntu Server 18.04.3 LTS on my MacBook Pro (2013). I have it installed nearly 2 years from now and until now there were almost no issues. But i hade to replace HHD to SSD and when i was taking apart my MacBook i found out battery was all swollen so I removed it and replaced disks. And problems had began.

Java crash: Yesterday i noticed that when I run for example minecraft server my Mac will reboot immediately. I'm running it with

java -Xms128M -Xmx4069M -jar server.jar

and it's nothing important, I guess, but I'm pasting this in here just to leave it all covered. I found nothing useful in the logs.
Boot problem: I couldn't boot it crashed and don't know even why because there was no log logging of boot that was unsuccessful. I fixed it somehow with pci=noacpi in the grub launch parameters.
Fans problem:
Fans are blowing on 100% without control. I think it's because I had to start MacBook with some weird procedure. They say also this:

  When the MacBook Pro does boot, the fans will be blasting at full
  speed for the entire time you are using the Mac (resetting SMC or PRAM
  does not stop the fans running, only replacing the battery will).

So I think that I can't fix it.

This is the error from syslog (/var/log/syslog):

  Sep 30 08:19:41 masmute kernel: [   40.153191] applesmc:
  send_byte(0x04, 0x0300) fail: 0x00

  Sep 30 08:19:41 masmute kernel: [   40.153192] applesmc: #KEY: read
  len fail

  Sep 30 08:19:41 masmute kernel: [   40.342196] applesmc: wait_read()
  fail: 0x00

I want to fix mostly the Java issue, but if you can help me with the other problems, I would be grateful.


How to remove lines from the text file containing specific words through terminal? How to remove all the lines from the text file containing the words "cat" and "rat"?

grep approach

To create a copy of the file without lines matching "cat" or "rat", one can use grep in reverse (-v) and with the whole-word option (-w).

grep -vwE "(cat|rat)" sourcefile > destinationfile

The whole-word option makes sure it won't match cats or grateful for example. Output redirection of your shell is used (>) to write it to a new file. We need the -E option to enable the extended regular expressions for the (one|other) syntax.

sed approach

Alternatively, to remove the lines in-place one can use sed -i:

sed -i "/\b\(cat\|rat\)\b/d" filename

The \b sets word boundaries and the d operation deletes the line matching the expression between the forward slashes. cat and rat are both being matched by the (one|other) syntax we apparently need to escape with backslashes.

Tip: use sed without the -i operator to test the output of the command before overwriting the file.

(Based on Sed - Delete a line containing a specific string)

Consider if you have file with file_name and you want to search for mouse but on the same time few rows from mouse having other words like cat and rat and you don't want to see those in your output, so the one way to do it is -

grep -r mouse file_name | grep -vE "(cat|rat)"


Could not find python Interpreter - Opencv cmake error I am using Ubuntu 14.04 and trying to install opencv 3.3.0. While I execute cmake to get the make files, it is not able to locate the Python interpreter, displaying the following message (though the cmake proceeds)

    -- Could NOT find PythonInterp: Found unsuitable version "2.7.6",
       but required is at least "3.4" (found /usr/bin/python)
    -- Could NOT find PythonInterp: Found unsuitable version "2.7.6",
       but required is at least "3.2" (found /usr/bin/python)

When I check /usr/bin/ ,  I could see python libraries/binaries present there (found in the image below)

I could also see the following versions of python

 python             python2.7-config   python3.4          python3.4m-
 config  python3.5m-config  python3m-config
 python2            python2-config     python3.4-config   python3.5
 python3-config     python-config
 python2.7          python3            python3.4m         python3.5m
 python3m           python-mkdebian

How can I solve this? Due to this issue, I am not able to use cv2 in my python script, as it throws the following error

    ImportError: No module named 'cv2'

/usr/bin/python

is a symlink.

Try

ls -l /usr/bin/python

It's probably pointing to python2.7

You need to do (as root)

ln -f -s /usr/bin/python3.4 /usr/bin/python

This will delete the old symlink (because of the -f) and make a new one pointing to python3.4.

Unfortunately there are some incompatibilities between python version 2 and python version 3, so the above instructions may break some other applications. If you see that problem, you might try upgrading your version of cmake. cmake seems to look for a python interpreter using a list in the file

/usr/share/cmake-<version>/Modules/FindPythonInterp.cmake

If you have an older version of this file which contains a line like

set(_PYTHON3_VERSIONS 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0)

you could try editing it to

set(_PYTHON3_VERSIONS 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1 3.0)

I haven't tried this myself as I have a newer version of cmake, but it should be worth a try.


Dell XPS 13 Developer Edition Wifi Problem I have a Dell XPS 13 Developer Edition (L322x) with the Atheros Killer wifi card installed. It's a lovely laptop, but the wifi was hanging for 30 seconds or so, or dropping and reconnecting frequently.

After going down several blind alleys on various forums, I found the simple fix is to update the kernel. Open up a terminal (press CTRL+ALT+T) and type in:

sudo apt-get install linux-generic-lts-quantal

You'll be asked for your password.

Once the install has finished, reboot your laptop and all will be good.

After months of attempting to fix this issue, installing this backport worked for me using the provided instructions.

Link: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1160188

Instructions:

Open Dash and search for Terminal and open it
wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/projects/backports/2013/06/18/backports-20130618.tar.xz
tar xvf backports-20130618.tar.xz
cd backports-20130618
make defconfig-ath9k
make
sudo make install
(insert your password when sudo asks it).
Ready! Reboot the computer.

The new drivers should then be in use, but note you will need to do the steps 4-7 again if a Linux kernel update comes as a security update or otherwise.


How to disable Okular from following links? Okular fetches and opens content when (inadvertently) clicking on links. I tend to bleach my PDF files before I open them, and would like to disable Okular from blindly opening PDFs (or any other content on the other side of a link).
Is this possible?
How to disable Okular from following links when clicking on the linked text?

Okular 1.10.3 on Manjaro does not open any links automatically, not even by clicking on the linking strings. Text selection has to be enabled, the string has to be selected and open via context menu.
Maybe try selecting Browse instead of Text Selection.


Dual-booting Windows 10 and Ubuntu 14.04.3: safely convert BIOS Ubuntu installation to UEFI I've successfully installed Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS 64-bit on my MSI GE62-2QF (full specs here). As with the norm these days, the laptop came with Windows 10 pre-installed.

I followed the instructions as usual, but grub does not show up when the laptop is booted. I suspect this is because the laptop is in UEFI mode, and Ubuntu was installed (accidentally) as legacy.

I'm able to boot into grub if I switch the firmware to use legacy mode, and prioritize the Ubuntu partition when booting. But I want to use grub correctly for both Windows 10 and Ubuntu!

How do I get grub to work as usual? I understand I need to convert my Ubuntu installation to UEFI, and that I can use boot-repair to do the conversion. But here are my concerns:

I want to use grub as my primary bootloader into both Windows 10 and Ubuntu (i.e. I want to be able to boot into either OS using grub).
Can I use boot-repair to sort this all out without having to use a separate LiveUSB session? Can I just run boot-repair on my current local Ubuntu installation to do all of this?

Thanks in advance.

To do what you want, you must install an EFI-mode boot loader for Linux. There are two approaches to doing this that are relatively easy and likely to produce results reasonably reliably, although neither is 100% guaranteed to work:

Boot an Ubuntu installer in EFI mode and select the "try before installing" option. You can then run Boot Repair, which should detect the EFI-mode installation and install an EFI-mode version of GRUB. This approach will use GRUB, which is what you say you want; however, it's something of a leap of faith -- if Boot Repair gets it wrong, the situation might not improve, or might even get worse. Such errors are rare but they do occur from time to time.
Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager, prepare a boot medium, and boot it. (You may need to disable Secure Boot, at least temporarily.) With any luck, rEFInd will enable you to boot both Windows and Ubuntu. If so, boot into Ubuntu and install rEFInd to your hard disk using the rEFInd PPA or Debian package. This approach has the advantage of being more incremental and lower in risk than the Boot Repair approach. It uses rEFInd as its end state rather than GRUB, which is not what you specified -- but I'm not sure if that's because you're a GRUB fan or if you just specified GRUB because that's the Ubuntu default.

There are other ways to achieve the end state of being able to easily boot either OS in EFI mode; in fact, I've written a whole Web page on the options. Those two are the easiest to set up, though. The other options require more effort to set up initially and/or more ongoing maintenance effort.

UEFI is how the BIOS is set up, in most of my installations on newer systems I need to switch the BIOS to legacy to allow me to change the operating systems from USB or disc.
You said you were able to get to Ubuntu by changing the BIOS settings. Once in Ubuntu run this command:

sudo update-grub

This updates grub to recognized the Windows 10 partition and should allow you to change back to normal boot. Optimally you should be able to run the command, restart the system and get put into grub with your two boot options. If it works, restart and change back to UEFI. Things should stay as they were. Goodluck!


Using Broadcom BCM4313 as AP in Ubuntu 12.04 I have a Broadcom BCM4313 wireless card and I'm interested in turning my laptop to an Access Point. I was following the various tutorials available on the internet to achieve this. However I seem to have hit a roadblock. While all other Broadcom wireless cards seem to work , this particular card does not run with b43 driver. Any idea how to get the AP working for this card ?

did you try some steps to do this. the solution of this problem you can find some time in search also.

http://www.google.com/search?client=ubuntu&channel=fs&q=make+laptop+as+access+point&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8

if you have some specific issue then please post back


Tight VNC Server, Ubutu 12.10 and unity desktop I've done the following but all I get in VNC Viewer is a blank orange screen, any help appreciated.

apt-get -y install ubuntu-desktop tightvncserver
adduser vnc && passwd vnc
echo "vnc ALL=(ALL)       ALL" >> /etc/sudoers
sudo -u vnc vncpasswd
nano ~/.vnc/xstartup and enter the following:

#!/bin/sh
# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
unset SESSION_MANAGER
. /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
x-terminal-emulator -geometry 1280x1024+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
#x-window-manager &

save
sudo nano /etc/init.d/vncserver, paste in the following, then save:

#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          vncserver
# Required-Start:    networking
# Default-Start:     3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 6
### END INIT INFO

PATH="$PATH:/usr/bin/"

# The Username:Group that will run VNC
export USER="vnc"
#${RUNAS}

# The display that VNC will use
DISPLAY="1"

# Color depth (between 8 and 32)
DEPTH="16"

# The Desktop geometry to use.
#GEOMETRY="<WIDTH>x<HEIGHT>"
#GEOMETRY="800x600"
GEOMETRY="1024x768"
#GEOMETRY="1280x1024"

# The name that the VNC Desktop will have.
NAME="my-vnc-server"

OPTIONS="-name ${NAME} -depth ${DEPTH} -geometry ${GEOMETRY} :${DISPLAY}"

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

case "$1" in
start)
log_action_begin_msg "Starting vncserver for user '${USER}' on   localhost:${DISPLAY}"
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver ${OPTIONS}"
;;

stop)
log_action_begin_msg "Stopping vncserver for user '${USER}' on localhost:${DISPLAY}"
su ${USER} -c "/usr/bin/vncserver -kill :${DISPLAY}"
;;

restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
esac

exit 0

Then ctrl-x to save, Y for Yes, and enter to accept file name.
chown -R vnc. /home/vnc/.vnc && chmod +x /home/vnc/.vnc/xstartup
sed -i 's/allowed_users.*/allowed_users=anybody/g' /etc/X11/Xwrapper.config
chmod +x /etc/init.d/vncserver && service vncserver start
update-rc.d vncserver defaults
reboot.
finally, go in there with tightvnc viewer client, and voila, blank kool aid tangerine orange screen.

you didn't set gui session for xstartup file, that is why you see blank screen when try try to remotely connect to your desktop/server via vnc on ubuntu, if you want gnome, install these packages

# apt-get install gnome-panel gnome-settings-daemon metacity nautilus gnome-terminal

and use this xstartup file

#!/bin/sh

export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &

gnome-panel &
gnome-settings-daemon &
metacity &
nautilus &
gnome-terminal &

From what i've seen you cant vnc into unity.  Install a different desktop environment and you'll be good.  Heres how woth xfce:

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/articles/how-to-setup-vnc-for-ubuntu-12


Install Ubuntu 15.10 on Dell XPS 15 2015 9550 with Nvidia 960 I am trying to do this installation and tried almost everything but ended up freezing before even language selection. The latest I tried based on an advise from a nice guy in this forum is below, any further thoughts or experience with this specific machine?

Boot from the Ubuntu installation media.
Highlight Try Ubuntu without installing.
Press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot to the Live desktop.

Start the installation of the Ubuntu system.

When finished boot the installed system.
Highlight the Ubuntu GRUB menu entry.
Press the E key.
Add nouveau.modeset=0 to the end of the linux line.
Press the F10 key to boot the Ubuntu system.

When the login screen appears press Ctrl+Alt+F1.
Enter your user name and the password, then execute :

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-352 nvidia-prime
sudo reboot

When you reboot with "sudo reboot" as the last command there, you have to add Nouveau.modeset=0 to grub again.

See this great guide:
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2301071

It mentions how to make set nouveau.modeset permanently, once you've installed ubuntu.


Error running sudo (sudo: unable to resolve host [name]: Connection timed out) Whenever I run a sudo command, I get an error message.

jay@ignumtop:~$ sudo true
sudo: unable to resolve host ignumtop: Connection timed out

I'm not sure how this is really affecting my computer or anything, but if it's an issue that'll lead to my computer bonking itself, I'd like to know what I can do about it. Thanks.

This is most likely a case of a mismatch between records in /etc/hosts and your hostname in /etc/hostname.

Firstly, let's start with /etc/hostname and get your actual hostname with the command cat /etc/hostname which will output the hostname of your system:

foobarbaz

(foobarbaz is an example of the output).

Next, let's check your /etc/hosts file.  You should see something like this from cat /etc/hosts:

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.1.1   foobar

# The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters

In this example, you can see 'foobarbaz', the hostname I have on my system, is not in /etc/hosts.  So let's add it, edit the line for 127.0.1.1 to include your hostname on it sudo nano /etc/hosts will open the nano text editor on the command line so you can edit and save the file - note you'll have to wait for the 'timed out' problem to resolve itself again):

127.0.1.1   foobar foobarbaz

Save the file, then try your sudo commands again.  You should no longer see this error.

Add following line to your /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1  ignumtop

For other users,
127.0.0.1  name of the PC.


Lubuntu enforces screen lock I can't disable screen lock in Lubuntu. In Power management I have it unchecked. There is another option "Enable light locker" in the "Light locker settings". I also have this unchecked but I still see black screen after 10 minutes and when I move the mouse I have to provide a password.

I hate this behaviour in all ubuntus, but usually I can just disable it in system settings. Well not here.

So lubuntu has these settings in two places and is ignoring both.

I found this question:

Stop Xscreensaver from locking screen once screensaver starts

According to this, I tried to remove "xscreensaver" package, but didn't have it installed at all. So this solves

EDIT:

What I learned so far:

this is not magic. it affects other people as well
it is caused by a bug in Xfce power manager:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xfce4-power-manager/+bug/1193716

This solution is a combination of @Jeroen's solution and @A lubuntu user solution.

The root cause, I believe, is that the user-specific light-locker.desktop file doesn't override the system-wide one.  So, even if the user configures light-locker to not start at all, it still runs with the default configuration parameters.

Warning: This will disable system-wide default screen locking.  If you want to enable locking for a specific user, you'll need to edit the Exec= line in the ~/.config/autostart/light-locker.desktop file for each user.  Configuring this through "Preferences >> Light Locker Settings" may do this (once the system-wide file is moved out of the way), but I haven't tried this.

Step 1: Disable system-wide startup of light-locker.  This will allow the per-user .desktop file to be executed instead.

sudo mv /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop.bak

To re-enable this, you would just rename the file so it no longer has the .bak extension.

Step 2: Edit the user-specific light-locker.desktop file

Open ~/.config/autostart/light-locker.desktop in a text editor.

Edit the line that begins Exec= so it is only Exec=. That is, there is no command specified which means light-locker won't be started.

Step 3: Reboot.

This solved the problem for me:

sudo rm /etc/xdg/autostart/light-locker.desktop


How to connect to remote directory I am new to ubuntu and I need to connect to such directory for example  \\abc.cba.com\xxx\yyy\zzz

On windows I just simply opened it via win + r and pasted that there. How can I do something like that on ubuntu ?

In Linux you mount the drive or can ssh the abc.cba.com server and access the machine if both the machines are Linux.

In case if you want to access windows folder in Linux then follow the below steps

sudo apt-get install cifs-utils

mkdir ~/Desktop/Windows-Share

sudo mount.cifs //WindowsPC/Share /home/user/Desktop/Windows-Share -o user=user_name

If you have a NFS Server ready, you can use a NFS Client.

Follow these steps carefully: Setting up NFS how-to


Login screen doesn't remember my choice of desktop environment I have installed GNOME Shell, logged into it, but on boot the computer logs in to an Ubuntu session. I have automatic login enabled.

How can I fix this? How can I make Ubuntu remember my choice of desktop environment?

Edit lightdm.conf with gedit and change the user-session=ubuntu to user-session=gnome

gksudo gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

Edit gnome.desktop with gedit and change Exec=gnome-session --session=ubuntu to Exec=gnome-session --session=gnome

gksudo gedit /usr/share/xsessions/gnome.desktop

After this you will login directly to you gnome desktop ;)

I wish this worked.  I had to remove Unity-desktop to get it to allow me into gnome-shell

sudo apt-get remove unity


How do I disable the screensaver/lock? When I'm watching a film in Mythtv the screen turns to black every 10 - 15 mins and I have to log back into Ubuntu. Very annoying!

How do I disable the black screen / screensaver / logout in Unity?

There no longer seems to be any options to turn the screen saver off as there were in Ubuntu prior to Unity.

Go to System Settings...Brightness and Lock:

The default screensaver idle time is 10 minutes, and the screen is locked once the screensaver activates:

You can adjust the idle time (or disable the screensaver), and also disable the lock:

Simply close Brightness and Lock to apply the new settings.

On Ubuntu 16.04 you have to go to System Settings -> Screensavers and switch to Settings tab:

Over there you can disable several types of locking.


Consuming too much power on a Dell 15R I'm new to Ubuntu, and I've just installed Ubuntu 11.10, and I must say I really like it a lot. I'm getting used to Ubuntu faster than I thought but the only issue I'm having is the power consumption.

I have a " dell 15R with BIOS a07"  and I uninstalled Ubuntu 11.04 because of some glitches I hated. None of those appear on this Ubuntu but now my computer discharges way too quick. when I check the power icon, it states that I have like 3:45 min remaining, which is fairly the same as what win7 and Ubuntu 11.04 used to tell me but 15 min later I check again and it gives me only 1:15 min remaining. Also, my computer seems to get a lot hotter than it used to.

Is there more options to control the power usage on my laptop?

UPDATE: Heres solution How do I solve this super 11.10 heating problem

Old post: That's cause its using processes for showing that unity and effects.

I tried on netbook 11.10 and 10.04.3 but found best results with Ubuntu Netbook Remix witch last version is made in 10.04 LTS and LTS on every Ubuntu version coming out witch means that its sub-version made just a month ago.

Take Ubuntu Netbook Remix 10.04.03 from here.

You can learn about LTS here .

Believe me it will be faster. Also I recommend my "clean installation 1st time one liner" command witch sets better performance and less useless programs and it will later be more longer with more speed up settings.


Enabling shared folders with open-vm-tools I'm running Ubuntu 14.10 in VMware Player on Windows 7. I have installed open-vm-tools instead of VMware Tools because VMware's software was unable to compile the kernel module required for file sharing. I cannot get my shared folder to mount with sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/$(vmware-hgfsclient) /mnt/hgfs or sudo vmware-hgfsmounter .host:/$(vmware-hgfsclient) /mnt/hgfs. Both return Error: cannot canonicalize mount point: No such file or directory. I have no idea what this is referring to or how to fix it.

My way of solving this issue is to resort to vmhgfs-fuse installed with open-vm-tools.

Either mount locally using vmhgfs-fuse .host:/$(vmware-hgfsclient) ~/some_mountpoint or globally using sudo mount -t fuse.vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs -o allow_other. To then make mounting globally persistent add the following line to your /etc/fstab:

.host:/ /mnt/hgfs fuse.vmhgfs-fuse allow_other 0 0

It simply means that your mount point does not exist.

$ ll /mnt
total 12
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Feb 22 20:37 ./
drwxr-xr-x 22 root root 4096 Feb 22 20:16 ../
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Jan  3 04:56 cdrom/

$ sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Share /mnt/hgfs/Share
Error: cannot canonicalize mount point: No such file or directory

$ sudo mkdir -p /mnt/hgfs/Share

$ ll /mnt/hgfs
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Feb 22 20:52 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Feb 22 20:52 ../
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Feb 22 20:52 Share/

$ sudo mount -t vmhgfs .host:/Share /mnt/hgfs/Share


Nautilus does not start from top menu I am experiencing very strange problems with nautilus in my Ubuntu linux. When I go to Places and click Home Folder (or any other nautilus item, a bookmark, for example), nautilus hangs at the bottom for a while and the dissapears - nothing gets opened:

However, if I type nautilus in command line, or open a folder from the Desktop, everything works fine.

I cannot recall when it has started, but it gets quite inconvinient. What could be causing this behavour? If it's hard to tell, then how can I diagnose/debug the problem?

I have used 10.10 and recently upgraded to 11.04 (it did not solve the problem)

Thank you!

looks like a variant of this problem:

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1151325

i cannot EXPLAIN this but i want to suggest a simple workaround:
http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/04/how-to-add-folder-quicklists-to-the-home-launcher-in-ubuntu-unity/
it's all about editing /usr/share/applications/nautilus-home.desktop


Why Windows 10 Splash screen not working with Ubuntu 16.04 I have installed dual OS(Windows 10 along with Ubuntu 16.04) in my system. Problem is when I boot system with Windows 10 OS, it display something like below image, not the splash screen or welcome message.

  NOTE: Same problem continues with Ubuntu 18.04

How can I resolve this issue in my system ?

I had the same problem (I am using SSD) and here is what I did in BIOS:

Under Boot Sequence, I have Legacy option selected
Under Advanced Boot Options, I have checked Enable Legacy Option ROMs
Secure Boot is disabled
Fastboot is set to Minimal
I have my SATA operation set to RAID mode (this was already checked)

If the above points don't work, just try changing to UEFI mode and boot. If that doesn't work, try changing it back which worked for me!

1) Open a terminal window. ...

2) cd /etc/grub.d

3) ls -l

4) Notice that there are approximately eight shell files with names that start with a number. These scripts get executed in numerical order.

5) sudo mv 30_os-prober 06_os-prober

This is going to move any non-Linux OS to the top of the list.

6) sudo update-grub

7) Restart Linux to test your work.


Steam won't launch on Ubuntu 18.04 I know this question has been asked (and answered) multiple times, but I've tried all of the "solutions" suggested elsewhere, and none of them work.  Steam is the only app that I can't get working.

$ steam
ILocalize::AddFile() failed to load file "public/steambootstrapper_english.txt".
[2019-04-17 13:41:28] Startup - updater built Nov 23 2016 01:05:42
libGL error: No matching fbConfigs or visuals found
libGL error: failed to load driver: swrast
SteamUpdateUI: An X Error occurred
X Error of failed request:  BadValue (integer parameter out of range for operation)

I have the NVidia 410 drivers installed.  Does anyone have any other ideas?  I've tried the following:

Removed ~/.steam and ~/.local/share/Steam/
Removing and installing Steam from both Ubuntu and steampowered.com
Installing all sorts of i386 packages
The instructions on this page: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-steam-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux

I have had a similar issue (not identical though). I had to remove both steam and my Nvidia drivers. Rebooted.

I then reinstalled my Nvidia drivers with sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall, rebooted, and then installed Steam.

I have encountered this and the thing that worked for me was to uninstall steam and reinstall it. (It doesn't take very long at all, and does not affect downloaded games).  (Messing with Steam Linux or alt drivers must have caused this(?))

uninstall steam (sudo apt remove steam)
restart
sudo apt install steam

Ubuntu 20.04


How to get a list of all the commands available for Ubuntu? I want to start using the terminal more often, but I don't know what are the different commands available to me. Is there a way to list all the different commands that I can make use of?

First Method

NB: Thanks to @Rmano. This method doesn't work with  zsh shell.

A simple command:

ls ${PATH//:/ }

This will list all commands in your $PATH environment variable.

To store the result in a file you can redirect the output to a file.

ls ${PATH//:/ } > mycommands.txt

Note that this will return an error if any directory names in your $PATH contain spaces. In that case, use this instead:

while read -d ':' dir; do echo "$dir"; done <<<$PATH

Second Method

Also you can use:

compgen -c | sort -u > commands && less commands

Third Method

Another method is a double Tab click.

Fourth Method

Another method using find command:

find {,/usr}/{,s}bin -printf '%f\n\0'

This is a bit old, but can be still relevant

http://fosswire.com/post/2008/04/ubuntu-cheat-sheet/

And information on using the Ubuntu terminal

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UsingTheTerminal

the above page has more links at the end which will help you finding more commands for Ubuntu.


How do I check my version of GNOME-Shell? There's got to be some simple way I'm missing, but for the life of me I can't find it. How do I check my version of GNOME-Shell?

Just type

gnome-shell --version

into a terminal.

The gnome-shell man page doesn't show --version as an option. Assuming you have installed it from the ubuntu repositories then you can look up the version in the repository. To just show the version:

apt-cache show gnome-shell | grep Version

On Ubuntu Maverick (10.10) I get

Version: 2.31.5-2ubuntu2

Note that this works whether or not the package is installed. You can also look up all packaged versions of gnome-shell on all ubuntu versions on http://packages.ubuntu.com/


gufw on ubuntu 16.04 don't run It doesn't run properly when I click and closes automatically.

This post on reddit says that it's because of a broken dependency and the fix for that is:

sudo apt-get install python-gobject

After typing that in a terminal, I'm now able to start GUFW.

Had this problem in Debian Stretch RC3. Basic setup. What fixed it was  net-tools package.

sudo apt-get install net-tools


There is other ways to install Ubuntu? (not wubi, not live CD) I had problems while installing ubuntu 12.04 on a samsung laptop, the problem is the AHCI sysmtem, after a lot of searching, I found that this is almost impossible to "fix" and the only way i found is too much work.

I want to install Ubuntu in the 110GB free partition of my hard drive, along with windows.

I have a 150GB Windows partition, a 200GB documents partition, and I want to use 110 GB for Ubuntu.

The problem is that with the liveCD the installer and gparted shows that my entire hard drive is unallocated (the problem of AHCI).

The only way to fix this is to do a lot of work, with a lot of risk, so the question is whether I can install Ubuntu without using either the LiveCD or Wubi.

Use the Ubuntu Windows installer (with these official installation instructions).

As much as I know you can install on a free space but not with wubi, you have a usb installer or a CD/DVD installer of Ubuntu to install and during the selection of partitions in the install just select the free space option.


'Appearance' icon not showing in 'System Settings' I am facing a very peculiar problem, the 'Appearance' icon in 'System settings' has disappeared and now I cannot change the background or control the unity. Any ideas how to get it back?

Along with screen shot as lucio said, also explain your last activity what you remember that may affect appearance. Before that check in Ubuntu software center weather the "appearance" was ticked(installed) or not. You may have uninstalled appearance accidentally.

This seems to be something Gnome has changed, since I am not using Unity (sticking to Gnome-Shell) and the same happens to me.

You will find another Icon under the System Settings (I am not sure how stuff is called because the default of my system is not in English) called Background. You can also access it clicking on the desktop with the right mouse button and choosing "Change Background".


What happens when there are 2 versions of a terminal command installed? For example, I have OpenJDK 6 and 7 both installed. If I run
    javac foo.java
will is compile my program as a Java 6 program or a Java 7 program?

Debian-based distributions have so-called "alternatives" system, which allows to have more than one program installed which perform the same function (this also includes different versions of the same program, like Java 6 and Java 7). As @user15936 points out, the system works by manipulating symlinks, so "javac" can point to the executable either from OpenJDK 6 or from OpenJDK 7

The command to manipulate the above mentioned symlinks (the process is in fact more complex than that as it includes some configuration, for example manpages change too etc.) - is called update-alternatives. You can learn how to use it by typing man update-alternatives in terminal.

To directly answer your question, another way to determine which javac executable will be invoked is by doing

update-alternatives --display javac

You should type in a terminal javac -version and there you will get your answer...


Only root can mount, why? I am dual booting Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 7. I looked at my /etc/fstab yesterday and realized it did not contain my Windows 7 partition. So I added it myself, but now it tells me it cannot mount the partition. My /etc/fstab now looks like this:

# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid 0       0

# Ubuntu /dev/sda6
UUID=581c89aa-d71c-460c-96c0-04f188fe862a /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0 1

# swap /dev/sda5
UUID=99b951b9-1a57-43ee-938e-fe31b1ba754f none            swap    sw           $

# Windows /dev/sda3
UUID=12AA9E31AA9E1179         /media/12AA9E31AA9E1179     ntfs    errors=remount-r0 0 2

I am trying to mount it by opening a file browser and simply clicking the drive with my mouse. What did I do wrong here when editing my fstab?

You need to add the user argument to allow regular users to mount the drive. i.e.:

UUID=12AA9E31AA9E1179         /media/12AA9E31AA9E1179     ntfs    users,errors=remount-ro 0 2

This will make it automatically mount at boot. You may also want to check the permissions of the folder that you are mounting to (/media/12AA9E31AA9E1179) when the drive is unmounted and make sure that your other users have access to this folder.

Also, here is some more useful information on fstab.

If you want to be able to manually mount and unmount the drive from Nautilus, just remove the line altogether, or comment it out with a #. That will leave it up to Nautilus to mount/unmount it, which works better in that case.

Try mounting your NTFS drives in the "/media" folder and your *nix drives in the "/mnt" folder this should solve your problem :)

FYI, the reason you add entries to the /etc/fstab file is so that the system can "automount" them at at boot time, and for convenience i.e. when you use

$ sudo mount -atO, (mount all the entries in the fstab file!)

you can, however, just mount/unmount any drive at any time using...

mount -t type device dir

umount dir

i.e. $ sudo mount -t ntfs /dev/sda3 /media/Windows7

and $ sudo umount /media/Windows7

Also make sure you create a folder in the "/media" folder first to mount the drive i.e.

$ sudo mkdir /media/Windows7

Hope this helps.


Sometimes Flash freezes in fullscreen mode. How can I just close it? Almost every time I use YouTube in fullscreen it freezes and doesn't let me back to the desktop.

I want to know if it's possible close to it through the terminal or something like that. Something easier then reboot the PC all the time.

If you can open the terminal :

try pkill -9 firefox

or change Firefox , if you are using another browser  .

you see what happens is that adobe flash did not really freeze it's just that your ubuntu locked itselft. What you have to try is to make sure that your ubuntu does not lock when it's inactive OR whenever it locks go to terminal through ctrl+alt+f1 and type in killall[space][browser] e.g killall chrome.


How can I modify my `ls` command? When I type ls, i get the normal list, or when I type ls -la I get a details version with everything...

But I hate the layout of ls, it's just unintuitive for most of my use.

Is there some way I can modify (without changing the sorcecode of ls, bash scripts are okay however) ls so it's display instead of

-rwxr-xr-x 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 filename0
-rwxr-xr-x 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 filename1
-rwxr-xr-x 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 filename2
drwx------ 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 directory0
-rwxr-xr-x 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 filename3
drwx------ 13 user group 123546 2011-01-01 11:11 directory1

I can get a list more like:

DIRS
directory0 1293880260 700 user:group
directory1 1293880260 700 user:group

FILES
filename0 1293880260 751 user:group
filename1 1293880260 755 user:group
filename2 1293880260 777 user:group
filename3 1293880260 705 user:group

Or some other variation.

Meanwhile, preserving ability to use flags and other options.

You could write a bash script called ~/bin/ls that should override /bin/ls. remember to run chmod +x ~/bin/ls.

I've just written this which seems to do most of what you want to accomplish (including passing along extra arguments)

#!/bin/bash

DIRS="`/bin/ls --color=auto -l $@ | grep ^d`"
FILES="`/bin/ls --color=auto -l $@ | grep ^\-`"

if [ "$DIRS" ]
then
    echo "DIRECTORIES"
    echo -e "$DIRS\

"
fi

if [ "$FILES" ]
then
    echo "FILES"
    echo "$FILES\

"
fi

Somebody might want to tidy that up a little or improve the output formatting, but there you go. Yours to do whatever you like with.

And here's some genuine sample output:

ls
DIRECTORIES
drwxr-xr-x 4 oli oli     4096 2010-12-16 15:40 markitup
drwxr-xr-x 7 oli oli     4096 2011-01-16 16:58 media
drwxr-xr-x 3 oli oli     4096 2010-12-16 15:41 post
drwxr-xr-x 9 oli oli     4096 2010-09-16 05:23 templates

FILES
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli  5361664 2010-09-06 16:32 db.db
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli        0 2008-12-11 09:22 __init__.py
-rwxr-xr-x 1 oli oli      542 2008-12-11 09:22 manage.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli       13 2010-03-23 18:14 settingsdev.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli     2642 2010-12-16 15:40 settings.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli     1818 2010-12-16 15:40 urls.py
-rw-r--r-- 1 oli oli      432 2010-06-22 20:54 views.py

And with arguments:

ls -a
DIRECTORIES
drwxr-xr-x  8 oli oli     4096 2011-01-12 00:46 .
drwxr-xr-x 19 oli oli     4096 2011-04-13 17:24 ..
drwxr-xr-x  6 oli oli     4096 2010-02-03 13:50 .bzr
drwxr-xr-x  4 oli oli     4096 2010-12-16 15:40 markitup
drwxr-xr-x  7 oli oli     4096 2011-01-16 16:58 media
drwxr-xr-x  3 oli oli     4096 2010-12-16 15:41 post
drwxr-xr-x  9 oli oli     4096 2010-09-16 05:23 templates

FILES
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli       65 2010-03-27 07:58 .bzrignore
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli  5361664 2010-09-06 16:32 db.db
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli        0 2008-12-11 09:22 __init__.py
-rwxr-xr-x  1 oli oli      542 2008-12-11 09:22 manage.py
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli       13 2010-03-23 18:14 settingsdev.py
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli     2642 2010-12-16 15:40 settings.py
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli     1818 2010-12-16 15:40 urls.py
-rw-r--r--  1 oli oli      432 2010-06-22 20:54 views.py

My latest ls mod in ~/bin is:

#!/bin/bash
ACCOUNT_ID=$UID
#
#SET ACCOUNT_NAME
ACCOUNT_NAME=$( cat /etc/passwd | grep $ACCOUNT_ID | cut -d: -f1 );

ls -l -F --color -h --group-directories-first $1 |\
    sed "s/$ACCOUNT_NAME/\$USER/g" | ack --passthru --color \\\$USER ;

Sorry about post's format. Tried to make usable via copy/paste, but maybe no go. Cheers!
P.S. Had to name it ~/bin/myls or it'll hang in loop that never reaches the system's ls.


When Ubuntu asks for an admin user's password, how does it decide which administrative user to ask for? I am setting up an Ubuntu (10.10) machine that will be used by several people. It is a shared machine in a small office. Its primary roles are hosting virtual machines with VirtualBox and serving files with Samba.

For Samba, several user accounts need to be set up so that various people can connect to the Samba shares from their own workstations. However, there is also an account that is dedicated to just running virtual machines, that multiple people will be using. Sometimes people try to do things with this account that require elevated privileges - this causes Gnome's "please enter an administrative user's password" dialog to pop up. However, this dialog requests my password - when I set up the machine, mine was the first account created, so it seems to be assuming that I am the only user granted sudo powers.

I want to designate another user as the "administrator of first resort," so to speak, and it can't be the shared-account user, because everyone has to know the password of that account, so I want its privileges strictly limited. It can't be my account, since no effing way am I telling other people my password, and I won't be present at the site often enough to enter it myself. There is, though, someone who can do this in person, so I added them to /etc/sudoers. How can I tell Ubuntu that when it needs to elevate privileges for something, it should ask for their account first?

To summarize:

Accounts on the machine: Alice, Bob, Carol, Dave, Eliza.
When Ubuntu was installed, Alice was the first user, added during the install process.
"Dave" is actually an account that many people use, who can't be in /etc/sudoers because its password is public knowledge.
Bob has been set to be an "Administrative" account in Gnome and is appropriately entered in /etc/sudoers - Bob is the boss at this office.
When actions that need elevated privileges are attempted while logged in as Bob, Carol, Eliza, or Dave, the system should request Bob's credentials.
When actions that need elevated privileges are attempted while logged in as Alice, the system should request Alice's credentials (although Alice is sort of a buckaroo sysadmin and has a habit of using su - to do extended admin tasks).

What config changes do I need to make to bring about the desired state here?

First of all let to point out that privileged actions are allowed for a non-root user through two different mechanisms.

sudo
PolicyKit

The first one is used when you explicitly run a command with sudo or a menu item whose command is wrapped with gksu (like Synaptic Package Manager).
In this case the password required is that of the invoking user, usually the user logged in.

The second one is used when a PolicyKit-aware application try to perform a privileged action. In such a case the application asks the PolicyKit Local Authority (through D-Bus) if the action can be executed. The Local Authority then, through an Authentication Agent, asks the active user to prove its identity. The dialog windows is like the following (unfortunately with text in italian :)

You can identify PolicyKit from the little black triangle and the label Details.
As you can see, if more that one user is in the admin group, you can choose from the list which user to use for authentication.

Given all this, both sudo and PolicyKit are much more complicated, with respect to the configurations that can be achieved: you can configure action that can be executed without password, executed only by a particular user or group, etc.

Coming to your question, when the mechanism used by the application is PolicyKit, independently from the current logged in user, the password required would be that of Bob or Alice (the only two admin user, if I understand correctly), and you can change from the list which user you want to use for authentication.

When the mechanism used by the application is sudo (for admin tasks performed through GUI this is becoming less frequent), you have no immediate and simple mean to choose the user for authentication.

There is only one super user in Unix/Linux, its name is root, but sudoers are users who can become root.
You should use groups:

newgrp admins

and then assign the users to that group:

chgrp alice admins

then add the admins group to the sudoers config file like if the group was a user.

Update

Or you could add any user to the admin group:

chgrp alice admin


Ubuntu 12.10 download I want to download Ubuntu 12.10 rather than 12.04 for my desktop PC, but I cannot find any .ISO image of this version on the Ubuntu website. Is there anywhere I can get it?


12.04 compiz closed error message Win 7/12.04 dual boot system. Win 7 works fine, but 12.04 rarely boots normally- I have to use repair. After 12.04 does boot, cyclical system error message/report error message/administrator log on. I was able to get reason "compiz closed /usr/bin/compiz" and contact askubuntu.com. Thanks for any help.

If you are faceing this problem then you should reinstall compiz in your machine. To do that open a terminal by pressing Ctrl+alt+t and type

sudo apt-get purge compiz*

Type

cd $HOME && rm -rf .compiz/ .config/compiz/

Type

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:compiz/ppa && sudo apt-get update

Type

sudo apt-get upgrade && sudo apt-get install compiz

Type

sudo reboot

It will reinstall compiz.

Please check you have latest video driver installed in your system. or install it from

  System Settings> Additional driver


How can I properly install LibreOffice? I am a complete noob who just installed an Ubuntu guest in VirtualBox. I did a minimal installation, because the only program I want is LibreOffice. I did some research on how to install LibreOffice on Ubuntu, but I found different answers. Some recommend installing it from Ubuntu Software Center (USC), others, from the official site, and a third group prefer to install it from the terminal typing “sudo apt install libreoffice”.
Like I said, I am a complete beginner with this so I am confused on how to proceed.
What is the difference between the different options? What is the best way to install this software?

The best way to install LibreOffice in Ubuntu is without any doubt by what you call the USC. The former USC has now been replaced by the "Snap Store", a customized version of Gnome Software. The Snap Store contains two different entries of LibreOffice. One of the entries is an install of the software through a novel approach for software packaging, i.e. "snap". The other entry is the version that comes by default with a full install of Ubuntu, and is distributed using the traditional APT software distribution system.
Just check in the Snap Store whether it is the APT or the snap version you are looking at: click on the entry, and on the page that appears, you will see the source. If that says "snapcraft", you are looking at the snap version.
From the command line, the two different versions are installed with following commands, for the APT and the snap version respectively:
sudo apt install libreoffice

and
sudo snap install libreoffice

Difference between the packages

APT packages are compiled and tested for a specific version of Ubuntu. During the lifetime of the Ubuntu version, the LibreOffice version will essentially remain the same. Only minor security updates are provided.
snap versions, on the other hand, are containerized and thus will run in a range of Linux distributions without change. That is a significant advantage of the latter packaging version. That also makes it much more manageable to regularly update the package. Therefore, you will typically see that the snap is a newer version. A disadvantage is that snaps use more disk space and, currently, still are somewhat slower during initial startup.

Which one of these two is the best? Both of these packages are officially available within Ubuntu and are installed with an established and tested framework: you will not break your system. Go for the APT version that comes with the distribution if you want maximum stability; go for the snap if you want the newest version.

Ubuntu (and all Linux distributions) offers several different ways to accomplish every task. The main decision here may be to choose between a command line and a GUI, if you are a noob (as you describe yourself) it may be easier to go with the GUI, so there you have the Ubuntu Software where you can select the LibreOffice suite. Apparently it will use the snap approach, which I think the last option I would use, but this is for you, not for me, and given you are using this VM for LibreOffice only, it may be easier for you to install it this way.
I have used Ubuntu for many years, and I'd prefer to use the APT approach. It is more robust and if you use it consistently it will maintain your system neat, clean and consistent. It can be used from the command line (with apt) or via a GUI tool like the Synaptic package manager, which may be installed first from the same Ubuntu software.


Can't access BIOS for USB install I am trying to install Ubuntu on my second machine now from a USB startup disk. The disk works fine as I used it yesterday to install on another machine.

The problem is on this second IBM machine: when I go to BOOT menu (by pressing F12) I do not see boot from USB. The only other option that might be similar is REMOVABLE DEVICE. When I select this option and hit Enter nothing happens. The light on the USB stick doesn't even flash, just my old Windows boots up normally.

I have been attempting to access the BIOS, but the only thing I can seem to get access to is the IBM Setup Utility which seems like the BIOS, but isn't that blue screen like on my other machine. Can anyone please help me figure out how to get this going so I can install Ubuntu again?

ploplinux is a bootable iso that will allow a machine to boot from USB or CDROM if it is not supported.

ANSWER: CD was not bootable. WHen burned form windows the disk was not being read as an image. In windows the ISO file is read as a winrar archive which was not readable. I simply burned the CD on my other UBUNTU machine as DISK IMAGE and set the BOOT sequence to boot from CD, and it worked.


18.04 Screen remains blank after wake up from suspend So, when I suspend my laptop, then wake it up later, my laptop does turn on, I'm able to, for example, turn up and down the volume with audio confirmation using the kepboard, but my screen remains black and doesn't show anything until after I restart my laptop.

It is the buggy nouveau driver again. That's what solved the issue for me.
Edit the file /etc/default/grub (using Vi editor -- some users have not been able to save after editing in Vi and have had to use the alternate "Ex" editing mode, which substitutes sudo edit below, then Alt+:w and :x for the save and exit commands).

$ sudoedit /etc/default/grub

Add  nouveau.modeset=0  to the line that says GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX then press CtrlO to save the file and CtrlX to leave Editor.

Run

$ sudo update-grub

Now reboot.

This seems to work for me (as a temporary solution).

Device: HP 245 G5

OS: Xubuntu 18.04

When your screen is blank, this sequence of actions seems to do the trick:

(wait 5 seconds)
CTRL + ALT + F2 (wait a second)
CTRL + ALT + F3 (wait a second)
CTRL + ALT + F7 (wait a second)
ESC (wait a second)
ENTER (3 times XD)
Close your laptop (wait 5 seconds).
Open back your laptop.
And the terrific blank screen is gone.


ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxxxxxxx does not exist. Dropping to a shell I am using Ubuntu 14.04.

I ran in terminal sudo apt-get update. Then I rebooted the system. And now I see:

ALERT! /dev/disk/by-uuid/xxxxxxxxx does not exist. Dropping to a shell
initramfs:_

I can't boot up LIVE Ubuntu from USB flash drive. Yes, I double checked BIOS setup and the USB flash drive is OK and runs on another machine. Right now I am going to buy a  DVD and burn a Live DVD from another laptop.

sudo blkid gives me:

/dev/loop0: TYPE="squashfs"
/dev/sda1: UUID="xxxx" TYPE="ext4"
/dev/sr0: LABEL="Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS i386" TYPE="iso960"

/etc/fstab has the same UUID="xxxx" and there is a line with:

errors=remount-ro 0

I tried using boot-repair but I still can't log in to Ubuntu.

I don't want to reinstall Ubuntu, because I have a lot of data there.

Do you have any advice how this can be solved?

Solution was to perform these commands from liveDVD, it allows me to do things on my sda1 from that liveDVD(as far I understand)

sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt
sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys
sudo chroot /mnt
update-initramfs -u
update-grub
reboot

A friend of mine from ubuntu pl forum helped me solve this problem.

He found out that there might be error in initramfs, which should be updated as part of the kernel update. If anything goes wrong during that update problems like mine could happen.

People may frown on this if they want, but I have found that using "/dev/sdX" works more reliably for me than UUID for my personal systems. In an enterprise environment, I would put more effort into making it work with the UUID instead of the "/dev/" address, but you should be safe using /dev/sdaX in /etc/fstab instead of UUID reference, at least to be able to boot your system while you continue to search for the answer to why exactly the boot is failing in spite of having the correct UUID in /etc/fstab.

If you wish to go this route, use the following procedure:

Boot into recovery shell or boot into a live USB drive or CD
Mount your system partition that is failing to boot
Edit the /etc/fstab file in the system partition mentioned in Step 2 as root and replace UUID=XXXXX with the corresponding /dev/sdX label in all of the relevant /etc/fstab entries.

Note: This procedure is known to me to be reliable for Ubuntu and Ubuntu-derived distributions (as of the writing of this article; this could easily change with any upcoming release). I know for a fact that it won't work reliably for some other distributions such as knoppix or Arch Linux (this is due to differences in the way that UDEV scans in devices and gives them names in the /dev filesystem). If you are using a non-Ubuntu-derived distribution, please do not use this method or else use it at your own risk.


Kill all processes except the one running the script I have a aim of killing all processes (Using killall -u myuser) and then restart some processes.
The problem is when the script reaches killall -u myuser it just terminates.

How can I terminate everything (Same as killall -u myuser) but not the script one.

I think

killall -u myuser --ignore-case <script-name>

should do the trick


I can not connect to internet with Ethernet I am completely new to this entire OS and looks like i need some help. I just installed Lubuntu 13.10 onto my old Dell. The system runs great but i can't connect to the internet at all. Ive searched for hours from previous post but nothing has helped.

When i run terminal i get the following message:

ifconfig -a

eth0
Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:11:11:0d:9e:45
          UP BROADCAST MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 B)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 B)

lo
Link encap:Local Loopback
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1
          RX packets:2488 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2488 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:196184 (196.1 KB)  TX bytes:196184 (196.1 KB)

~$ cat /etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

Also when i go into /etc/networkmanager/networkmanager.conf it had said "managed=false" but i figured out how to change it to "managed=true" still nothing... I thought i had some computer coding background but man was i wrong. Please help me with this! Im not even sure if the OS can recognize the ethernet port ( It was working fine when i had Windows on it prior to Ubuntu install, and is the port that came with the computer) and the internet is currently working with a ethernet wired PC in a different room.

Although I shouldn't be speaking,
Have you tried

disconnecting the ethernet cord
shutdown the comp
plug the ethernet cord in
boot the comp

(not a reboot)--
Simple yet this has worked for me on a couple machines when running the live dvd.
(I don't know why)

Hope this helps, if not, I hope someone can help you.


Ctrl Alt T doesn't work I have a very strange problem on my Ubuntu 11.10 desktop with Gnome-shell 3.3.2. The default shortcut to open the terminal, CTRL+ALT+T does not work. If I try to change the shortcut to another shortcut (just testing) it also doesn't work. Can anyone help me?

It looks like that the default terminal app is not there (not listed)... make a custom shortcut for gnome-terminal and assign CTRL+ALT+T to key combination to it and see if it works. If it does I'm right and leave it just as it is. If not post a comment ;)

Check your system keyboard shortcuts:

Go to : System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcut Tab

Then you can disable any shortcut you want :)


How to convert HDD from GPT partitioned to partitionless keeping BTRFS filesystem intact? I have a 8TB Seagate Archive HDD partitioned with GPT: BTRFS filesystem (1TB approx), all the rest is now free. I would like to convert this HDD to partitionless (let BTRFS manage full drive) while keeping BTRFS filesystem data intact. Is it possible at all?

Ubuntu Server 14.04 (Btrfs v3.12, Linux version 3.19.0-64-generic)

NOTE: it is non-boot disk, storage only

I have no experience with Btrfs (more experience with ZFS) but for attention to partitions, the first utility that comes to mind is gdisk(8).

GPT fdisk text-mode partitioning tool

An outline:

$ sudo gdisk
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 1.0.1

Type device filename, or press <Enter> to exit: /dev/sda
Partition table scan:
  MBR: protective
  BSD: not present
  APM: not present
  GPT: present

Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.

Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 51A560B1-D116-479F-A8A2-2A8F86C89931
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 3437 sectors (1.7 MiB)

Number  Start (sector)    End (sector)  Size       Code  Name
   1            2048         1050623   512.0 MiB   EF00  EFI System Partition
   2         1050624         2050047   488.0 MiB   8300
   3         2050048      1953523711   930.5 GiB   8300

Command (? for help): r

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): ?
b       use backup GPT header (rebuilding main)
c       load backup partition table from disk (rebuilding main)
d       use main GPT header (rebuilding backup)
e       load main partition table from disk (rebuilding backup)
f       load MBR and build fresh GPT from it
g       convert GPT into MBR and exit
h       make hybrid MBR
i       show detailed information on a partition
l       load partition data from a backup file
m       return to main menu
o       print protective MBR data
p       print the partition table
q       quit without saving changes
t       transform BSD disklabel partition
v       verify disk
w       write table to disk and exit
x       extra functionality (experts only)
?       print this menu

Recovery/transformation command (? for help): m

Command (? for help): x

Expert command (? for help): ?
a       set attributes
c       change partition GUID
d       display the sector alignment value
e       relocate backup data structures to the end of the disk
g       change disk GUID
h       recompute CHS values in protective/hybrid MBR
i       show detailed information on a partition
l       set the sector alignment value
m       return to main menu
n       create a new protective MBR
o       print protective MBR data
p       print the partition table
q       quit without saving changes
r       recovery and transformation options (experts only)
s       resize partition table
t       transpose two partition table entries
u       replicate partition table on new device
v       verify disk
w       write table to disk and exit
z       zap (destroy) GPT data structures and exit
?       print this menu

Expert command (? for help): q
$ uname -a
Linux momh167-gjp4-kubuntu-hpelitebook850g2 4.4.0-31-generic #50-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 13 00:07:12 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$

(Could zap (destroy) GPT data structures and exit form part of a solution?)


Unable to completely purge fglrx I've got 14.04 and installed the proprietary AMD Catalyst 14.6 using the Generate Distribution Specific Driver Package Option described in the Installer notes.

I'd now like to change to the mesa-vdpau-drivers but cannot completely purge fglrx from my system.

What I've tried so far is what I found in several HowTos that basically comes down to running these commands:

sudo apt-get remove --purge fglrx fglrx-amdcccle fglrx-dev
sudo apt-get remove --purge xserver-xorg-video-ati xserver-xorg-video-radeon
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati
sudo apt-get install --reinstall libgl1-mesa-glx libgl1-mesa-dri xserver-xorg-core
sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup
sudo rm -rf /etc/ati

However, in my dmesg output I still get these lines showing up:

[   58.779902] fglrx: module license 'Proprietary. (C) 2002 - ATI Technologies, Starnberg, GERMANY' taints kernel.
[   58.779916] Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
[   58.798511] fglrx: module verification failed: signature and/or  required key missing - tainting kernel
[   58.822853] <6>[fglrx] Maximum main memory to use for locked dma buffers: 1506 MBytes.
[   58.823307] <6>[fglrx]   vendor: 1002 device: 9804 count: 1
[   58.824514] <6>[fglrx] ioport: bar 1, base 0xf000, size: 0x100
[   58.825520] <6>[fglrx] Kernel PAT support is enabled
[   58.825577] <6>[fglrx] module loaded - fglrx 14.10.2 [May  5 2014] with 1 minors

The full dmesg output is in this Pastebin.

Would be grateful for any help...

I had the same problem trying to run properly the Radeon Open Source driver after a previous installation of fglrx proprietary driver.

In fact, my need of Radeon Open Source driver was link with this post on xbmc forum: Linux - Radeon OSS with vdpau (howto).

I removed the fglrx driver and install open source one following this Ubuntu wiki page

But I still had problems with video tearing on XBMC. (No hardware acceleration and 180% of CPU usage in XBMC)

I carefuly read the version of the /var/log/Xorg.0.log file in the article I used and the one on my system. I noticed that the difference was:

LoadModule: "ati"
Warning, couldn't open module ati
UnloadModule: "ati"
Unloading ati
Failed to load module "ati" (module does not exist, 0)

So ATI Driver was not used.. and neither was fglrx

LoadModule: "fglrx"
Warning, couldn't open module fglrx
UnloadModule: "fglrx"
Unloading fglrx
Failed to load module "fglrx" (module does not exist, 0)

None of the two drivers "fglrx" (because removed) nor "ATI" was taken into account by Xorg. The reason was probably that "fglrx" was not completely removed and "ATI" Radeon not completely installed.

So I ran the installation again

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

And the magic came!
Now in my /var/log/Xorg.0.log file:

[ 37959.945] (II) LoadModule: "glx"
[ 37959.945] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/extensions/libglx.so
[ 37959.948] (II) Module glx: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 37959.948]    compiled for 1.15.1, module version = 1.0.0
[ 37959.948]    ABI class: X.Org Server Extension, version 8.0
[ 37959.948] (==) AIGLX enabled
[ 37959.948] Loading extension GLX
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 0
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 1
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched fglrx as autoconfigured driver 2
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched ati as autoconfigured driver 3
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched modesetting as autoconfigured driver 4
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched fbdev as autoconfigured driver 5
[ 37959.948] (==) Matched vesa as autoconfigured driver 6
[ 37959.948] (==) Assigned the driver to the xf86ConfigLayout
[ 37959.948] (II) LoadModule: "fglrx"
[ 37959.949] (WW) Warning, couldn't open module fglrx
[ 37959.949] (II) UnloadModule: "fglrx"
[ 37959.949] (II) Unloading fglrx
[ 37959.949] (EE) Failed to load module "fglrx" (module does not exist, 0)
[ 37959.949] (II) LoadModule: "ati"
[ 37959.949] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/ati_drv.so
[ 37959.949] (II) Module ati: vendor="X.Org Foundation"
[ 37959.949]    compiled for 1.15.1, module version = 7.3.0
[ 37959.949]    Module class: X.Org Video Driver
[ 37959.949]    ABI class: X.Org Video Driver, version 15.0
[ 37959.949] (II) LoadModule: "radeon"
[ 37959.950] (II) Loading /usr/lib/xorg/modules/drivers/radeon_drv.so
[ 37959.950] (II) Module radeon: vendor="X.Org Foundation"

and on XBMC: no more video tearing and 5% CPU usage: Hardware acceleration is working!!!


CPU overheating (Acer 4730z + Ubuntu 12.10) After using the pre-installed Windows Vista on my Acer Aspire 4730z for over 4 years, I decided to switch to Ubuntu. I installed a brand new SSD with Ubuntu 12.04, which I later upgraded to 12.10. Everything works fine, except for the fact that the CPU gets very hot. This problem exists under 12.04 and 12.10. It did not exist under Windows Vista.

-Idle temperature is around 55 degrees Celcius (@ about 2-3% CPU usage)
-When watching 1080p video (CPU usage around 50%) it can get up to 90 degrees Celcius

My only guess is that it might have something to do with the integrated graphics (If I check under system > details, it says "Graphics: Unknown").

Other than that, I don't have a clue. Any ideas?

Some quick specs:
Intel® Pentium® dual-core mobile processor T3200 (1 MB L2 cache, 2.0 GHz, 667 MHz FSB, 35 W), supporting Intel® 64 architecture
Mobile Intel® GL40 Express Chipset
Mobile Intel® GL40 Express Chipset with integrated 3D graphics, featuring Intel® Graphics Media Accelerator 4500M (Intel® GMA 4500M) with up to 1759 MB of Intel® Dynamic Video Memory

90° C is high, but is still within range.  According to Intel you processor is rated at 100° C.

Now the fact that you said the you've been running window for 4 years, I'm sure that the unit has accumulated its share from dust.  My suggestion try to clean the CPU fan with some compressed air, I think it will help.

I don't know how you can solve this but I recommend you to take some precautions like:

You need to know or be aware when your pc cpu is getting very hot, if I were you I used a program to handle this, because the temperature can kill your cpu, it affects badly on performance and its life..

I wrote a script about this I called it CPU Temperature Alarm System.

You may wanna see it. I hope it helps..


How to do "SUDO UPDATE and SUDO UPGRADE" without errors (NEWBIE) Just check out the file attached to this link
http://1drv.ms/1yQpeTH to understand the situation

You appear to be using an outdated End Of Life (EOL) version of Ubuntu, Ubuntu 12.10
Quantal Quetzal.

Upgrade to a newer version. Latest Long Term Support release is 14.04.

Also, please consider using pastebin next time rather than One Drive. Not sure about on a PC, but annoying on mobile.

Edit:

If this was a fresh install, rather than update process your better off downloading and installing latest from fresh iso.

sudo apt-get update; sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

(assuming here that you have your sources configured properly)


Integrate Ubuntu desktop to a Windows network I currently have a Windows network (1 Windows 2008 R2 Server as the domain controller and 1 Windows Vista Client).

I have a Ubuntu 32 bit 10.04 client only (No Linux Server - so the client is not on a existing Linux network) and would like to integrate it into the Windows Network (AD) environment.

Please could you inform if this is possible and if yes, what are the steps to take to integrate it.

I use Likewise Open.  Likewise Open website here

Download the free version. I normally extract the download into my home directory.  You can then open terminal, path to the LikewiseOpen directory and follow the below commands.

# chmod  +x LikewiseOpen.sh

# ./LikewiseOpen.sh

Follow the prompts.

You can use software like Likewise or CentrifyDC.


Where can I download MyUnity visual? There is a MyUnity version that can tweak the unity desktop in a visual way like so

My unity visual Youtube video).

In the myunity PPA and the homepage, there is no beta / alpha download option.

My question is where can I download it?

What you see is part of the MyUnity 4.0 development branch, not yet released and not yet usable.

You cannot install it at the moment as far as I know.

The application provides a user-friendly way to adjust, tweak and customize part of the Unity desktop.

MyUnity is available to install in Ubuntu 11.04 and 11.10 using the following PPA  to your Software Sources or by running the following two commands via

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:myunity/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install myunity

MyUnity has also recently been accepted into the Ubuntu 12.04 repositories. This will make installation of the application easy as it is available to install direct from the Ubuntu Software Centre in Ubuntu 12.04 – no PPAs needed

Amongst its features are: -

Change Dash, Launcher and Panel transparency
Adjust Dash blur
Display ‘home’, ‘trash’ and mounted drives on the desktop
Adjust launcher size, backlights and hiding preferences
Tweak font settings, including size, RGBA and hinting
The revamped interface introduces a ‘sliding’ widget for switching
between sections


Can I legally build and sell desktops with Ubuntu pre-installed? I'm starting a business and this is part of what I'm going to be offering. I'm almost complete with my certification in Linux Administration, but I don't know all of the ins and outs of the law Linux is under...

It depends. Ubuntu is free software (beyond some redistributable binary blobs), but if you're using it for commercial purposes there are trademark restrictions.

The Legal Fine Print

  Permission from us is necessary to use any of the Trademarks under any circumstances other than those specifically permitted above. These include:

  Any commercial use. OEM services. [...]
  Use for merchandising purposes, e.g. on t-shirts and the like.
  Use of a name which includes the letters BUNTU in relation to computer hardware or software.

  Source: Ubuntu Trademark Policy

Hardware with a debranded Ubuntu OS

If you remove all branding, trademarks, and references to Ubuntu, you are legally okay to sell systems with it installed. Of course, you must provide the source code of all GPL components to customers that request it.

Hardware shipping with Ubuntu "as is"

To use the Ubuntu trademark, you must secure the Canonical's OEM services team's  permission. You can contact them to see if what you're doing is okay. This should not be too difficult, as several small vendors like System76 and ZaReason have secured an agreement.

You can sell machines with Ubuntu pre-installed ,but you are not able to charge your customers for the operating system.


USB devices not detected None of them seem to show up in lsusb. Neither my mouse nor any USB drives.

Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:8000 Intel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

But dmesg seems to detect them:
http://pastebin.com/zeepayd5

I was recommended to just reinstall Ubuntu, and USB devices worked after that, but they stopped working after I updated. I think I started having this problem after updating around last night, so all I can think of is that it's something to do with the update.

You might have been affected by this bug. Updating to a newer kernel may solve your issue.

Find your Ubuntu installation's architecture.
Run uname -m. If it returns i386 or i686, then it's i386 (32-bit); if it returns x86_64 or amd64, then it's amd64 (64-bit).
Download the latest mainline stable kernel from here.
In this case, you should download the following:

linux-headers-3.19.3-031903-generic_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_ARCH.deb
linux-headers-3.19.3-031903_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_all.deb
linux-image-3.19.3-031903-generic_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_ARCH.deb

Replace ARCH with the architecture found above (i386 or amd64)
Install the packages with sudo dpkg -i linux-headers-3.19.3-031903-generic_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_ARCH.deb linux-headers-3.19.3-031903_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_all.deb linux-image-3.19.3-031903-generic_3.19.3-031903.201503261036_ARCH.deb, again replacing ARCH with your kernel architecture
Reboot.

You better reinstall to fix it easy, or just try installing a device manager from software center and there you will find the usb devices connected. Then click on one, and format it. Then you can simply start using it as usual.I've done it with the usb 3.0 pendrive I had. And now it works perfect.


Intel 845GL and Ubuntu 14 32 bit Dell Inspiron 1100 Laptop with Intel 845GL graphics. I have reset the ?UMA? from the 1M to the 8M as recommended (after installing Ubuntu 14). I used the terminal to edit grub and set the nomodeset, however instead of the window being in one corner with fuzzy lines, it is now in the center of the screen. This is ok, but the size of the window is still small. Does anyone know how to get the Intel 845GL to work with Ubuntu 14 32 bit?

I have had the same problem with dell inspiron 1100 and how i have overcome the half screen problem caused by the 845gl.Boot up the old dell just after the boot screen appears press the power button to switch off then reboot the grub menu comes up click on lubuntu and i always get the full screen.


Directed back to login screen every time after upgrade to 12.04 from 11.10 I have a Lenovo Thinkpad T410 which used to run nice under 11.10. Yesterday I upgraded to 12.04 and from that point on I cannot login. My laptop boots normally and I am presented with the log in screen in which I type my password / or scan my fingerprint and it seems that it is accepted because the screen goes black. After that some output is show for a very brief time and I am again directed back to the log in screen. My password is correct because every time I use a wrong one it does not go to the black screen. I tried removing and reinstalling nvidia current drivers but nothing changes. I am able to enter into guest session but that is not helpful.

I tried the fsck option and the dpkg and failsafe graphics in the recovery mode but nothing helped. I tried all the apt-get clean, -f install, purge, autoremove and every other thing I could imagine. If anyone has an idea I am more than welcome to try.

Thank you

I was able to pass the login screen. All I needed to do was to remove the .Xauthority file in my home directory and after that it logged in fine. Now tha only issue is that I am spammed with ubuntu errors that require me to send a report, but this is good and it will help resolve them.

I had the same problem after upgrading to 12.04.  I found that the upgrade reset my user and group ids.  This made the login process unable to read the contents of my existing home directory.  Logging in from console worked.  From there I ran "sudo bash" and as root, updated /etc/passwd and /etc/groups with my original ids.  I then had to chown my home directory back to myself.  After that, the regular login worked.  Hope that helps!


How to send to print (many) selected files in a directory instead of one by one? I'm using Ubuntu 12.04 and succesfully installed my wi-fi printer, but my question is: How to print many files at a time? I mean, I have many PDF or text files in a folder and I want to send them directly to printer instead of opening one by one in file viewer and then to print and then repeat the whole process so many times /:

I even see no Print option when right clicking on the file or in the File menu.

Thank you!

I have done a script that will send the desired files to the default printer: you may have to modify it to select the folder that your files are in and run it once for .pdf and then for .txt:
find /home/mike/KeyGuides/ -type f -iname '*.txt' -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' f; do lpr "$f"; done. It does work as I have just tested it; just make sure the desired printer is set up as default.

If you have any problems, I'll see if I can modify it as necessary. (You can use other options for lpr if you need -see man lpr) It should work for most printers- it is successful with my Canon IP4700.

This version of the script also moves each printed document to a directory (which you must have created previously), so that when the script is run only new documents are printed:

find /home/mike/Duck/ -type f -iname '*.txt' -print0 | while IFS= read -r -d '' f;
 do lpr "$f" && mv "$f" /home/mike/Duck/printed/ ; done

Or use Ruby :-)

sudo apt-get install ruby
irb
Dir.glob('*.*').each{ |f| `lp '#{ f }'` }