What is "dist-upgrade" and why does it upgrade more than "upgrade"? I was wondering why upgrade sometimes doesn't want to upgrade certain parts of the system, while dist-upgrade does. Here's an example after running apt-get upgrade:

apt-get upgrade:

rimmer@rimmer-Lenovo-IdeaPad-S10-2:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages have been kept back:
  linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 3 not upgraded.

versus apt-get dist-upgrade:

rimmer@rimmer-Lenovo-IdeaPad-S10-2:~$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Calculating upgrade... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-headers-3.0.0-13 linux-headers-3.0.0-13-generic
  linux-image-3.0.0-13-generic
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux-generic linux-headers-generic linux-image-generic
3 upgraded, 3 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 48.5 MB of archives.
After this operation, 215 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

In other words, why can't this be performed by upgrade?

From apt-get manual:

upgrade
   upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages
   currently installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
   /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new
   versions available are retrieved and upgraded; under no
   circumstances are currently installed packages removed, or packages
   not already installed retrieved and installed. New versions of
   currently installed packages that cannot be upgraded without
   changing the install status of another package will be left at
   their current version. An update must be performed first so that
   apt-get knows that new versions of packages are available.

dist-upgrade
   dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade,
   also intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions
   of packages; apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and
   it will attempt to upgrade the most important packages at the
   expense of less important ones if necessary. So, dist-upgrade
   command may remove some packages. The /etc/apt/sources.list file
   contains a list of locations from which to retrieve desired package
   files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism for overriding
   the general settings for individual packages.

And with the newer apt tool available from 14.04 onwards:

full-upgrade
   full-upgrade performs the function of upgrade but may also remove
   installed packages if that is required in order to resolve a
   package conflict.

In your particular case, I see, for example, that linux-headers is a virtual package that is provided by both linux-headers-3.0.0-12 and linux-headers-3.0.0-13 and that sounds like the kind of package installation and removal handled by dist-upgrade, but not by upgrade.

Your best option is:

apt full-upgrade

-which auto-handles the dependencies when upgrading packages; whereas:

apt upgrade

-does NOT auto-handle dependencies when upgrading packages.

-duBtrotterS


If I create my own distro, how would I change text displayed when booting (eg "ubuntu 13.04")? I'm trying to make my own distro. I have made quite some progress, but I'm now stuck at changing the text displayed while the system is booting.

When my customized Ubuntu mini remix is booting and it is on the reddish screen with a progress bar, Ubuntu 13.04 is displayed above the progress bar (those few dots changing colors).

How can I change this?

I have tried in many ways. ubuntu-builder didn't change it and even editing some configuration files didn't give me any results.

/etc/lsb-release is what you are looking for.


How do I extract a password protected .7z file? Can someone tell me how can I extract a password protected .7z file in Ubuntu server?

(I know the password, I just need a program to do so and an example of how to use said program...)

Install p7zip-full on the server first and then run this to extract a z7 archive called test.7z, encrypted with the password password:

7z x test.7z -ppassword

As JanC adds below, you can omit the whole -ppassword flag and it will just ask you for the password on extraction:

oli@bert:~/Desktop$ 7z x test.7z

7-Zip 9.04 beta  Copyright (c) 1999-2009 Igor Pavlov  2009-05-30
p7zip Version 9.04 (locale=en_GB.UTF-8,Utf16=on,HugeFiles=on,8 CPUs)

Processing archive: test.7z

Enter password (will not be echoed) : <<I typed the password here>>

Extracting  botch2

Everything is Ok

Folders: 1
Files: 0
Size:       0
Compressed: 118

there is a rarcrack to do this task. It can handle .rar, .zip and .7z files. Check out this article:

http://mediakey.dk/~cc/howto-crack-rar-7z-and-zip-files-in-linux/

Hope this will help


12.10 unable to install or even run from Live CD with nVidia GTX 580 I've used Ubuntu in the past (set up as web server, etc over in Iraq), so I'm not a 100% Linux Noob, however, I'm running into a brick wall here.

I've got a machine I built when I got back to the US earlier this year, running Windows 7 Ultimate on it, and I've now got some free time and would like to transition over to Ubuntu full time.

I've searched around in the forums, and there seems to be an issue with the nVidia graphics cards, so I've tried going to the EVGA site to see if I could find a new BIOS update for it and had no luck, so I'm back searching the forums here again and decided to just go ahead and post my question.  My apologies if this is covered in another post and I was just unable to find it.  I've found a few 'similar' posts, but nothing as bad as my issue.

With the history aside, here is the actual detailed issue:

I purchased a new SSD (Intel 520 SSD), arrived today, and I disconnect my old Windows 7 SSD.  I had pre downloaded the ubuntu-12.10-desktop-amd64 earlier today and burned it to DVD.

Upon inserting the Live CD into the computer and booting up, everything was fine up to the 'Run From Live CD' or 'Install Ubuntu Now' buttons.  As I was sure I wanted to go ahead and make the switch, I selected the 'Install Now' from the right hand side.

CD Spins up, black window pops up, and then the errors started:

date/time   GPU Lockup
date/time   Failed to idle channel 1
date/time   PFIFO - playlist update failed
date/time   Failed to idle channel 2
date/time   PFIFO - playlist update failed

Thinking it might correct itself, I let it run and it would swap over to a GUI Screen that was locked up with major blurring/etc, then back to the command line with the errors.  Eventually it said something along the lines of 'unknown status' and switched back to the GUI and froze.

So, that's when I tried to see if I could find a BIOS upgrade for the nVidia GTX580 cards, and had no luck.   So I thought, why not try to just run it from the Live CD and see if I can at least get a look at it, maybe if I could get it running try to do some sort of install from there and fix the driver issue.

I rebooted, brought up the Live CD, and this time chose the left option / run from the CD.  It brought me all the way in to the desktop, I saw my drives, the other icons, could move the mouse, etc for about 30 seconds and then it locked up completely.  I've tried this a couple of times and get the same results every time.

Hardware:

Intel i7-3930K CPU @ 3.2GHz (12 CPUs) /
  MSI MS-7760 Motherboard /
  32GB RAM /
  2 x EVGA (nVidia) GeForce GTX 580 (4GB Ram each)

So the question is:

Is there any way to install 12.10 if you can't even get the Live CD to run (for more than 30 seconds)?

My current hardware configuration is both of the GTX 580 cards have an SLI jumper on them, and I have 2 monitors on each card.  (Ubuntu info obviously only shows on the main monitor from the failed installation and the attempt at running the Live CD).

Perhaps opening the machine back up and removing the SLI Jumper and removing the other 3 monitors (so it only would have 1 video card with one monitor on it) would actually allow me to get 12.10 installed, then I could work on an nVidia Video Driver fix for the GTX 580, and then possibly hook up the other video card and monitors?  Or is this something that they are currently aware of and may update with a future release in the next few days/weeks?

Any thoughts or suggestions would be greatly appreciated, as I can't even try to fix the issue (assuming it is the nVidia drivers) if I can't even get it to install at all.

I managed to get my desktop running with a Nvidia Geforce GTX 580. I installed Ubuntu 12.04 via the alternative installer, which can be found here.

Before finishing the installation, i installed the nvidia graphics drivers. To do this, open a shell with ALT+F2, then run the command "chroot /target" and then run "apt-get install nvidia-current". Press CTRL+D and then ALT+F1 to exit the shell. Then finish the installation.

After installing, it was necessary to add the option 'nomodeset' in grub.

Credit for the alternative installer trick goes to joelalmeidaptg.

EDIT: Ubuntu 13.04 does not suffer as hard. Nomodeset is needed for installing, but afterwards it is able to boot, albeit with poor resolution. It is then possible to install the nvidia-current package and it works great afterwards. I have submitted a bug report to this issue.

Got this working with just about the same configuration. I had to install ubuntu on another machine and install the nvidia drivers while it was in the other machine. Switched the ssd over to this machine and it worked "mostly." It doesn't do full screen resolution yet, but i might still have the wrong driver.

best of luck
     -Anthony


/dev/kvm is not found on Ubuntu 14.04 After I installed Android studio 2.2.3 on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS this problem bugs me for hours:

I've checked the bios and it shows that vt-x is supported but I receive

me@pc:~$ kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm does not exist
HINT:   sudo modprobe kvm_intel
INFO: For more detailed results, you should run this as root
HINT:   sudo /usr/sbin/kvm-ok

in my terminal. I have also installed kvm follwing this tutorial and I can see:

me@pc:~$ egrep -c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
8

me@pc:~$ virsh -c qemu:///system list
 Id    Name                           State
----------------------------------------------------

But emulator still refused to load.

me@pc:~$ uname -a
Linux pc 3.13.0-98-generic #145-Ubuntu SMP Sat Oct 8 20:13:07 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

I get this error on the studio's console:

  Error while waiting for device: Could not start AVD

I'm really ran out of ideas. I appreciate your help.

UPDATE:

root@pc:/home/me# sudo /usr/sbin/kvm-ok
INFO: /dev/kvm does not exist
HINT:   sudo modprobe kvm_intel
INFO: Your CPU supports KVM extensions
INFO: KVM (vmx) is disabled by your BIOS
HINT: Enter your BIOS setup and enable Virtualization Technology (VT),
      and then hard poweroff/poweron your system
KVM acceleration can NOT be used

I had the same problem: couldn't run AVD (Nougat x86_64 image).
How I solved: just enabled Intel Virtualization Technology in BIOS (at BIOS Features section for my Gigabyte motherboard).

See also this post.

sudo apt-get install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin ubuntu-vm-builder bridge-utils
sudo adduser id -un libvirtd
sudo adduser id -un kvm

Then log out and back in again, and check that it is working by running:

virsh -c qemu:///system list


mysql installation stuck on Ubuntu 16.04 (no root user privilege) In my ubuntu 16.04 server I am trying to install mysql by the following command

sudo apt-get install mysql-server

Each time it got stuck with the message :

update-alternatives: using /etc/mysql/mysql.cnf to provide /etc/mysql/my.cnf (my.cnf) in auto mode
Renaming removed key_buffer and myisam-recover options (if present)
Checking if update is needed.
This installation of MySQL is already upgraded to 5.7.16, use --force if you still need to run mysql_upgrade

I have to press Ctrl+z to stop it. I have checked the log file in /var/log/mysql/error.log and last 10 line of it shows this result:

2017-01-18T09:07:30.329930Z 0 [Note] InnoDB: Buffer pool(s) load completed at 170118  9:07:30
2017-01-18T09:07:30.335086Z 0 [Warning] Failed to set up SSL because of the following SSL library error: SSL context is not usable without certificate and private key
2017-01-18T09:07:30.335137Z 0 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '127.0.0.1'; port: 3306
2017-01-18T09:07:30.335157Z 0 [Note]   - '127.0.0.1' resolves to '127.0.0.1';
2017-01-18T09:07:30.335216Z 0 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '127.0.0.1'.
2017-01-18T09:07:30.349491Z 0 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 1 event
2017-01-18T09:07:30.349749Z 0 [Note] Execution of init_file '/var/lib/mysql-files/tmp.sJ5rMac6mK' started.
2017-01-18T09:07:30.350543Z 1 [ERROR] 1396  Operation ALTER USER failed for 'root'@'localhost'
2017-01-18T09:07:30.350737Z 0 [Note] Execution of init_file '/var/lib/mysql-files/tmp.sJ5rMac6mK' ended.
2017-01-18T09:07:30.350864Z 0 [Note] mysqld: ready for connections.

After a reboot I logged in to mysql by mysql -u root. within mysql I cannot do any operation, creating new user or modifying privileges nothing. I am just able to browse through default databases

information_schema
test

when I typed show grants it shows me the following result

+--------------------------------------+
| Grants for @localhost                |
+--------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ''@'localhost' |
+--------------------------------------+

Which is quite strange. To make sure of this I checked the user_privileges table in information_schema which gives me this:

+----------------+---------------+----------------+--------------+
| GRANTEE        | TABLE_CATALOG | PRIVILEGE_TYPE | IS_GRANTABLE |
+----------------+---------------+----------------+--------------+
| ''@'localhost' | def           | USAGE          | NO           |
+----------------+---------------+----------------+--------------+

How can I enable root access to create, update?

An easy solution is to sudo killall mysqld while the apt-get operation is running.

The apt operation just kept on running without any errors after that(!)

Source: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/mysql-5.7/+bug/1596815

It is because of no root user is created in MySQL. But I don't know why.
Try to insert 'root' user to mysql.user table.

Firstly, stop the mysql server.

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop

To start MySQL with --skip-grant-tables option, let try to config my.cnf.

sudo vi /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Add following line under [mysqld].

 skip-grant-tables

Start MySQL server again.

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start

Login to MySQL

mysql -u root

Insert 'root' user with your desire password.

mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user VALUES ('localhost','root',password('newpassword'),'Y','Y ','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y', 'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','' ,'','','',0,0,0,0);
mysql> INSERT INTO mysql.user VALUES ('127.0.0.1','root',password('newpassword'),'Y','Y ','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y', 'Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','Y','' ,'','','',0,0,0,0);

newpassword should be change to your desired password.
    mysql> exit

Remove skip-grant-tables in my.cnf config to use authentication.

After that retart MySQL server in normal way.

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

Try to login with root and your password.


How can the gnome3 activities hotspot be definitely disabled I'm looking for a definitive solution to the problem of disabling the Gnome3 activities hotspot, if one exists. I find this feature disruptive and irritating and I really want it gone. So far I have installed the Activities Configurator and set Disable Hot Spot to ON and, for good measure, selected the smiley replacement for "Activities" text and cranked up the Hot Spot sensitivity to the max (250). The fact that the smiley face appeared is reassuring, at least the AC works in part. But what it doesn't do is completely disable the hotspot. This is still operating. It seems that a more radical solution is needed. Is there any other way to remove the hotspot functionality? Any help would be much appreciated.

Use the tweak tool on gnome to add the extension "No Topleft Hot Corner"

The No Topleft Hot Corner extension can interfere with other extensions that try to detect/change this feature e.g. Gno-menu


Why does Firefox always take much longer to start on its first start? I have been seeing this for a long time now in Firefox, when I start up my machine and launch it it can take up to 45 seconds to launch, but if I close it and then open it again it will take a matter of only about 5 seconds. And this is always the case.

So why does Firefox take much longer to start on its first start of the day (I assume this is reset on every new startup of the machine and not day), but if it is closed and then started later takes far less time?
I assume that it must be reading/writing a lot of data on its first startup or something that it only has to do the first time?

I am running Ubuntu GNOME 16.04 with GNOME 3.20 and Firefox 47.

"Yes, Firefox these days is quite a big program, especially if you have all the goodies turned on.  It can take a noticeable amount of time to start up on any and every platform.  (I run it on Linux, Windows, and Macintosh and it's sluggish-on-startup with all of them.)


Disk mounted shows wrong size in df, and appears empty I'm on Ubuntu 12.04 LTS

This is my fstab

UUID=dcd55b7f-3157-4e75-9372-bcab5b0ac7cf   /    ext4   defaults,discard    0 0
/dev/sdc1   /mnt/DATA   auto    defaults    0   0

The problem is on /dev/sdc1 (ext4). At boot it is mounted correctly but with df -h it shows the wrong size and the disk appears to be empty.

If I do umount /dev/sdc1 and then mount -a it works, the disk has the right size and the data appears.

If I reboot the problem appears again.

Thanks.

This happends because you want to mount the second filesystem on a catalog in the first filesystem. But as you have the last number on both filesystems set to 0, whichever is mounted first is a bit random.

Change the second one to 1 like this:

/dev/sdc1   /mnt/DATA   auto    defaults    0   1

Then it will be mounted after the first one is up and running.

More information:

  man fstab

and check under "The sixth field (fs_passno)"


How to launch default web browser from the terminal? I was wondering what's the terminal command to open the default web browser.

sensible-browser is the command you're looking for.

I played around this a little.
There is a problem with gnome-open — it won't invoke the default web browser unless you specify a url.
That's a problem if you want to set up an icon or a shortcut that will always launch the browser that is set as default.
Other times you might need to set it as a parameter for some programs that require a link to a web browser and don't work well with gnome-open (e.g.: acroread).
You might solve this by using either x-www-browser or gnome-www-browser system links that you can set up through update-alternatives, but those are system wide settings, not user specific (and they are not synchronized with the values set through gnome-default-applications-properties.
All this can be solved by opening the sensible-browserexecutable (which is actually a script):

sudo gedit $(which sensible-browser)

and adding this at the beginning:

#!/bin/bash
BROWSER=$(gconftool -g /desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/command)
export BROWSER="${BROWSER//"\"%s\""/}"

That will make sensible-browser always launch the user-specified default web browser.
(I found out that gnome-default-applications-properties changes some gconf keys according to the browser that is currently set. The default browser value can be obtained from any of these keys so I went for /desktop/gnome/url-handlers/http/command and used it to fill the $BROWSER variable (the value is stripped of the "%s" part). )


How can I update youtube-dl? I use youtube-dl to download videos for watching later offline. Usually, it works fine. However, due to frequent changes on the video sites, it sometimes requires a quick update. It wasn't a problem before on 13.04 but after upgrading to 13.10, I get

# youtube-dl -U
It looks like you installed youtube-dl with a package manager, pip, setup.py or a tarball. Please use that to update.

I tried updating it via apt-get but there is no new package. So the app's update mechanism has been disabled and the maintainers aren't keeping up, what is the solution? How do I update it?

And why was it changed at all? It was updating a package manager version just fine in raring.

I'm already running into compatibility problems.

$ youtube-dl "http://vimeo.com/55784152"
[vimeo] 55784152: Downloading webpage
[vimeo] 55784152: Extracting information
ERROR: Unable to extract info section; please report this issue on https://yt-dl.org/bug . Be sure to call youtube-dl with the --verbose flag and include its complete output. Make sure you are using the latest version; type  youtube-dl -U  to update.

QUICK UPDATE:

As requested,

# type youtube-dl
youtube-dl is hashed (/usr/bin/youtube-dl)

# apt-cache policy youtube-dl
youtube-dl:
  Installed: 2013.08.29-1
  Candidate: 2013.08.29-1
  Version table:
 *** 2013.08.29-1 0
        500 http://pl.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy/universe amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

For Ubuntu 20.04+ (Python 3 being the default Python) try:
pip3 install --upgrade youtube-dl

If you are using an older version of Ubuntu, or specifically want to use Python2, try:
pip install --upgrade youtube-dl

Note: this assumes you have pip or pip3 installed. Avoid using sudo pip3 (use virtualenv instead).
Using pip is a way to install youtube-dl, as reported on the official youtube-dl website, and the --upgrade option makes sure you end up with the latest available version installed.
To find out where youtube-dl has been installed, you can use the pip3 show youtube-dl command (see here and here).

To get the latest youtube-dl one can install GetDeb repository.  For details about installing in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS, see here.

To get the difference between getdeb and official Ubuntu versions of youtube-dl, consider this output (as of 23.09.2016):

$ apt-cache policy youtube-dl
youtube-dl:
  Installed: 1:2016.09.19-1~getdeb1
  Candidate: 1:2016.09.19-1~getdeb1
  Version table:
 *** 1:2016.09.19-1~getdeb1 500
       500 http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb/apps amd64 Packages
       500 http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu xenial-getdeb/apps i386 Packages
       100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2016.02.22-1 500
       500 http://ubuntu.mirror.lrz.de/ubuntu xenial/universe amd64 Packages
       500 http://ubuntu.mirror.lrz.de/ubuntu xenial/universe i386 Packages

In above output, 2016.09.19-1 shows getdeb version and 2016.02.22-1 shows official Ubuntu version.


How to override system keyboard shortcuts? The standard ubuntu keyboard shortcuts make me crazy when I am developing in IDE. When I click application specific shortcut I didn't get what I want because ubuntu has the same shortcut and action binding to the system shortcut came in action.
So, is there a way to increase priority of application specific shortcuts? I'd want to freeze system shortcuts when working in IDE.

Check this out:

  Click the Dash Home icon (or tap Super), type keyboard and press
  Enter.

  Under the "Shortcuts" tab, select "Launchers" on the left panel

  Click "Launch Terminal", and it shows "New accelerator..."

  Tap Super+R, and it shows Super+R

  Click the Close button and try the new shortcut. (Note: In this
  article, I use Ctrl-Alt-T as a default shortcut to Terminal.)

http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/tips-and-tricks-ubuntu-after-installation-ubuntu-1204.htm#Add-Change-Keyboard-Shortcuts


Installing Tomcat 7 using apt-get fails I get the following error when installing Tomcat7:

Setting up tomcat7 (7.0.26-1ubuntu1.1) ...
chmod: cannot access `/etc/tomcat7/tomcat-users.xml': No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing tomcat7 (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already

 >Errors were encountered while processing:
 tomcat7
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

And I get this error when I try to apt-get remove Tomcat7:

Removing tomcat7 ...
 * tomcat7 is not installed
invoke-rc.d: initscript tomcat7, action "stop" failed.

How do I fix this to install Tomcat 7 correctly?

I had the exact the same problem.

I had to run this command (see below) to see what all tomcat related libraries are there and remove ALL the tomcat related libraries:

To see what all tomcat related libraries are there:

dpkg -l | grep -i tomcat

To remove a tomcat library:

dpkg -P <library-name>

Then, I reinstalled tomcat7 using the command:

sudo apt-get install tomcat7

[ During installation, it spit out messages saying it is going to install some of the other libraries related to tomcat7 - I chose - yes ].

It installed tomcat7 and started it.

Then, I stopped and restarted tomcat7 using these commands:

/etc/init.d/tomcat7 stop
/etc/init.d/tomcat7 start

Run the following commands:

sudo apt-get purge libtomcat7-java tomcat6 tomcat6-admin tomcat6-docs tomcat6-examples tomcat7 tomcat7-admin tomcat7-common tomcat7-docs tomcat7-examples tomcat7-user

sudo apt-get install tomcat7


No option to choose between Ubuntu or Windows at startup; tried many suggestions already Yesterday I used a live cd to install Ubuntu 14.04 on a computer already loaded with Windows 8.  The Ubuntu install did NOT recognize any operating system on the computer, so I chose Something else and ended up with several partitions.  (If it matters, I have four Windows partitions (recovery, boot, the main one with all my files, and some other one that's tiny so I didn't worry about it), plus a main Ubuntu one / and swap.)

After installing Ubuntu and restarting, there has been no option to choose between Ubuntu and Windows at startup; it simply starts up as Windows.  Ubuntu is now installed but I have no way to use it!

What I've tried:

I tried using the Advanced System Settings on Windows to enable the boot selection, but Windows 8 didn't recognize any other operating systems either.
I held down shift during startup to try and get the grub screen, but no luck.  (After a full Windows 8 shutdown, not the fastboot crap.)  Also, f8, no luck.
Other guides said to get boot-repair.  I downloaded the image file, burned it to a cd, and tried to boot from it, but nothing happened; Windows booted normally.  I booted from the live cd, opened the terminal, and (as instructed by this guide on Ubuntu Forums)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair && sudo apt-get update

Everything goes fine until the very end, when the last two lines back read:

W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/yannubuntu/boot-repair/ubuntu/dists/trusty/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404 Not Found
E: Some index files failed to download.  They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

That 404 HTTP error was talked about here: Can't find boot-repair package for the newest version of Ubuntu, so using that advice I did:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo sh -c "sed -i 's/trusty/saucy/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/yannubuntu-boot-repair-trusty.list"
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Boot repair worked (woohoo!) and it ran for a few seconds before a pop-up that says

  EFI detected.  Please check the options.

I selected to fix most frequent problems.  It told me to disable SecureBoot in BIOS.

It did some thinking, then told me to put this into a new terminal:

sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sdb5" dpkg --configure -a
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sdb5" apt-get install -fy
sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sdb5" apt-get purge-y --force-yes grub* shim-signed linux-signed*

I was prompted to go forward, and it said to copy-paste the following into the terminal:

sudo chroot "/mnt/boot-sav/sdb5" apt-get install -y --force-yes grub-efi-amd64-signed shim-signed linux-signed-generic

After going forward, it said an error occurred during the repair, and to write down this URL, and to email boot.repair@gmail.com if I still have boot problems.  It also reminded me to disable SecureBoot in BIOS.

I disabled SecureBoot, but nothing had changed.  Windows still booted, just like before.
I booted from the live cd again and opened my grub file.

sudo gedit /etc/default/grub

The grub file came up, I added a # in front of GRUB_HIDDEN-TIMEOUT=0, saved, and in the terminal wrote:

sudo update-grub

This comes backs:

/usr/sbin/grub-probe: error: failed to get canonical path of '/cow'.

And that's as far as I've gotten.  No luck whatsoever.  Can someone help me figure out what I'm doing wrong here?

Try to reinstall now that EFI is disabled.  You could also use SuperGrubDisk

http://www.supergrubdisk.org/wizard-restore-grub/

I'm no expert but I suspect that EFI blocked Grub from being put on the MBR.

0 Login as usual into your account and then type this in terminal
(for terminal press Ctrl + Alt + T ):
sudo update-grub
After this you'll find in the last line the name of the other OS (In your case Windows 8)
After this, restart as usual and you'll find the dual boot menu.


How can I remove all PPA? I noticed that

sudo apt-get update

takes longer and longer, because i used  several

sudo apt-add-repository xxx

it seems like non ubuntu repositories are not as fast or dont have as much bandwith as the default ones.

How can i reset the repositories to the default ones, removing all the ones added by me? (not to worry, if ever need any of them i can add them later)

To delete and purge all PPAs:

The ppa-purge removes the PPA and tries to replace the installed packages with the version of the Officially Ubuntu Repositories

Install ppa-purge

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

List the commands to be used with the command below. This command does nothing than print the commands to be used in the next step

find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /ppa\.launchpad\.net/ {print "sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5}' "$file"; done

Check the previous output and if all is ok, fire the purge-commands by the command below

find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | \
    while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /ppa\.launchpad\.net/ {system("sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5)}' "$file"; done

Sample output

% find /etc/apt/sources.list.d -type f -name "*.list" -print0 | while read -d $'\0' file; do awk -F/ '/deb / && /launchpad/ {print "sudo ppa-purge ppa:"$4"/"$5}' "$file"; done
sudo ppa-purge ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair
sudo ppa-purge ppa:bugs-launchpad-net-falkensweb/cool-retro-term
sudo ppa-purge ppa:andreas-boettger/gmusicbrowser-art
sudo ppa-purge ppa:yorba/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-prereleases
sudo ppa-purge ppa:ricotz/testing
sudo ppa-purge ppa:nilarimogard/webupd8
sudo ppa-purge ppa:andreas-boettger/private
sudo ppa-purge ppa:snappy-dev/beta
sudo ppa-purge ppa:diesch/testing
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/tor-browser
sudo ppa-purge ppa:musicbrainz-developers/stable
sudo ppa-purge ppa:latexila/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gencfsm/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo ppa-purge ppa:minecraft-installer-peeps/minecraft-installer
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging
sudo ppa-purge ppa:git-core/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:stackapplet-dev/stackapplet
sudo ppa-purge ppa:linuxgndu/sqlitebrowser
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/atom
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/unstable
sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3
sudo ppa-purge ppa:webupd8team/y-ppa-manager
sudo ppa-purge ppa:team-xbmc/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:peterlevi/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:stebbins/handbrake-snapshots
sudo ppa-purge ppa:noobslab/apps
sudo ppa-purge ppa:numix/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:dreibh/ppa
sudo ppa-purge ppa:saiarcot895/flightgear
sudo ppa-purge ppa:andreas-boettger/gmusicbrowser-daily
sudo ppa-purge ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa

You can do it by running in terminal

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*

This will remove all ppa. But this will NOT remove packages installed from ppa.


Print Screen key doesn't work if a drop-down menu is active On 11.10, I don't get a screengrab when pressing the Print Screen button on my keyboard if I have activated a drop down menu.  For example, in nautilus, I can click the File menu and press the print screen button, nothing happens.  Deactivating the drop down menu and all other things being equal, it works.  Is that normal?  Often when using this thing I'm actually needing to show some of those menu options.

Currently I use the workaround to grab after a delay of a few seconds, but I'm used to the print screen button working no matter what's in focus and would prefer it that way.

and what about shutter it will work without a problem, but you need to rebind the print key to shutter

Rebinding the print key:
- open compiz
- go to gnome compatibility

- switch to commands tap and in the Screenshot command line Write shutter -f -d 3
this will take a screen-shot after 3 seconds and you can take a screen-shot for you menus or simple ignore the 3 seconds delay and it will also work by this command shutter -f

 Now you can take a screen-shot to any menu you want, for more options see this.


How to install Canon Pixma E400 on Ubuntu 14.10? Fair warning: I am a complete noob to Linux and Ubuntu.

I have been trying to install the Canon Pixma E400 printer but have not succeeded so far.

I tried:

locating the driver through the built-in Printer Settings option, but there wasn't any driver available for my printer (found one for PIXMAE500, installed that but it did not work).
The generic driver for pdfs also did not work; my printer didn't take any jobs through that driver.
installing the driver from the .exe file that came with the setup disk of the printer, but wine did not recognise that file.
Downloaded the binary .deb file but it didn't work either.
I downloaded the relevant driver packages (tar.gz) from the web, extracted them, read through the README file in there, but could not figure out its instructions. I then tried to execute the three-step compilation process, having changed to the extracted directory (via CD), suggested here to get an error saying bash: ./configure: No such file or directory.

I could not find any duplicate questions and have tried the usual solutions I found here. I am probably missing some basic detail due to my ignorance about Ubuntu.

Could someone here advise me how to handle this?

Download the driver here. http://support-asia.canon-asia.com/contents/ASIA/EN/0100588102.html
I have e400 too, tested and working on Ubuntu Server 14.04. I didn't check scanner options yet.

I just downloaded the E400 driver from the support-asia site and loaded three of the four drivers that came from the unzip.  The printer now works on Linux Mint Rosa 17.3.

As I am new to linux I don´t know how it did it.  I downloaded the file then used GDebi package installer.  Used it to unzip and then added the printer.  Everything just happened properly.

I really miss DOS.  At least with that I knew what was happening.


Not able to use Radeon HD6950 for computations on GPU (OpenCl) Am not able to use Radeon HD6950 for computations on GPU (OpenCl) in Ubuntu (works fine in Windows with a Dell driver with dual boot).

Output of

lspci | grep VGA

is

01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI] Cayman PRO [Radeon HD 6950]

When clinfo is run it shows (among other things)

Device Type: CL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU

which seems odd.  These are 3 options for drivers at System Settings > Software & Updates > Additional Drivers, they are

1) Using X.Org X server...

2) Using Video driver for the AMD  ...

3) Using Video driver for the AMD ... updates ...

none of them let me use the gpu for computations.
When the newest driver from AMD fglrx_14.501-OUbuntu1_amd64_UB_14.01.deb is launched, the Ubuntu Software Center gives the error

Dependency is not satisfiable: fglrx-core

Using Ubuntu 14.04, but am new to OS so might be my mistake.

Have been testing with examples in bin folder of clBLAS at https://github.com/clMathLibraries/clBLAS/releases, which give error clGetDeviceIDs() failed with -1
meaning it didn't find the GPU.

Thanks

DO NOT use Software Centre for installing drivers EVER! I tried it and it messed up my computer a number of times until I ultimately quit using it accept for small programs. First make sure in the drivers tab as you said, you are using the X.org driver. Download the latest driver from amd.com and launch the installer. Launch it through terminal if you plan to install it directly on the distribution rather than on X.org. It will take about 4 minutes to install, and you know it finished when the terminal command is done. Then reboot your computer. After reboot, go on this link to download OpenCL from the AMD website, and install it using the terminal. Then you should be good.
http://developer.amd.com/tools-and-sdks/opencl-zone/amd-accelerated-parallel-processing-app-sdk/


How can I create a GTK theme from a list of parameters? It's a little difficult to find a good title for this... =/

Using dconf, I was able to edit the "gtk-color-scheme" in org -> gnome -> desktop -> interface. Using this, I was able to edit the parameters for the theme in a way that suited me. Here they are, for reference:

bg_color:#3E3D39;selected_bg_color:#3546e9;base_color:#2F2828;text_color:#ffffff;fg_color:#ffffff;selected_fg_color:#ffffff;link_color:#0082FF;

I copied over my Radiance theme from /usr/share/themes and copied it to my ~/.themes directory, and edited the "gtkrc" file. However, the colors did not change properly. How exactly can I edit my "gtkrc" file properly?

Locate the proper lines in the gtkrc file, such as bg_color,etc.

Then just change the hex values (use gedit's search so you find it) to the ones you used, save and reload the Theme.

Same goes for GTK 3, edit the hex values in the file gtk.css

Where to get GTK themes
You can get GTK themes from, for example, xfce-look.org gnome-look.org deviantart.com
How do I install these themes?
You only need to untar those themes under ~/.themes, so first:
mkdir ~/.themes
and then:
cd ~/.themes
tar -zxvf theme-name-here.tar.gz      or
tar -jxvf theme-name-here.tar.bz2
Make sure you check the readme for what engines the theme needs. You can most likely install them through your package manager, like:
apt-get install gtk2-engines-pixbuf    or
apt-get install gtk2-engines-*         or
emerge gtk2-engines-pixbuf
You should get the idea.
And to use them?
GTK2

Get gtk-theme-switch (note that there is also a version for GTK2) or gtk-chtheme. Then just fire 'em up and you should see a nice list of all styles. Just select the one you want to use and click Apply. You can also use LXAppearance to change the gtk-themes.

This shows you how to edit GTK settings without any extra application installed.
Install the GTK theme as shown above (extract theme to ~/.themes and icon set to ~/.icons).
Create or edit the ~/.gtkrc-2.0 file. In that file input parameters such as the following:
#sets the font
 gtk-font-name = "sans 8"

#sets the theme
 gtk-theme-name = "Clearlooks Crystal 1.1"

#sets the icon theme
 gtk-icon-theme-name = "CrystalClear-GNOME-1.0.0"

#shows only icons in the toolbar
 gtk-toolbar-style = GTK_TOOLBAR_ICONS

#shows small icons in the toolbar
 gtk-toolbar-icon-size = GTK_ICON_SIZE_SMALL_TOOLBAR

#sets the background color in Rox back to white because some GTK themes set it to light gray
 style "rox" = "default"
 {
   bg[NORMAL] = "#ffffff"
   bg[ACTIVE] = "#ffffff"
 }
 widget_class "*Collection*" style "rox"
Resources: http://www.gtk.org/api/2.6/gtk/GtkSettings.html

You can also use a different GTK theme, icon theme and fonts for specific GTK applications. If you just want to change the GTK theme, run your application with the following command:
GTK2_RC_FILES=/path/to/your/theme/gtkrc your_application
If you like to set a custom icon theme and font, create an empty file wherever you find convenient and call it whatever you want (for example, ~/.themes/custom.gtkrc). Then fill it with your different settings:
gtk-font-name = "sans 7"

gtk-theme-name = "niroki"

gtk-icon-theme-name = "SimplyGrey"
Now run the application with the following command:
GTK2_RC_FILES=/path/to/your/custom.gtkrc your_application
Add the command in your menu or launcher and enjoy.
GTK3

To use GTK3 themes, edit (or create) the ~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini file. Specify the theme you want with the gtk-theme-name parameter. For example, if you want to use the Adwaita theme, your settings.ini file should looks like :
[settings]
gtk-theme-name = mindaryan
That's it.

i hope it may helps you
i m sorry my friend i try to help ........


Ubuntu wants to install on USB rather than hard drive I am trying to dual boot on my laptop. I've set up a partition and created a bootable USB in which I've followed guides to create, but when I try to install Ubuntu by running the installer, but the window says this drive isn't large enough (7.8 GB), referencing my USB stick that is plugged into the laptop.

How do I install directly to the hard drive?

Any help is appreciated! Thanks :)

Ubuntu wasn't recognizing my hard drive. To fix this, I entered the BIOS and switched the SATA mode from RAID into AHCI. After that, my installation worked perfectly.

During the install process, choose the option: Something Else when asked which options to use for installing Ubuntu and choose the drive you wish to install it on.


mkvtoolnix 5.8.0 on trusty mkvtoolnix 5.8.0 is needed to convert movies in order to play on older Samsung TV's through plex. This explained I want to come straight to business :)

I'm unable to install 5.8.0, because requesting dependencies

root@ubuntu:/tmp# dpkg --force-all -i mkvtool.deb
(Reading database ... 84999 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack mkvtool.deb ...
Unpacking mkvtoolnix (5.8.0-1ubuntu1) over (5.8.0-1ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: mkvtoolnix: dependency problems, but configuring anyway as you requested:
 mkvtoolnix depends on libboost-filesystem1.49.0 (>= 1.49.0-1); however:
  Package libboost-filesystem1.49.0 is not installed.
 mkvtoolnix depends on libboost-regex1.49.0 (>= 1.49.0-1); however:
  Package libboost-regex1.49.0 is not installed.
 mkvtoolnix depends on libboost-system1.49.0 (>= 1.49.0-1); however:
  Package libboost-system1.49.0 is not installed.
 mkvtoolnix depends on libebml3; however:
  Package libebml3 is not installed.
 mkvtoolnix depends on liblzo2-2; however:
  Package liblzo2-2 is not installed.

Setting up mkvtoolnix (5.8.0-1ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1ubuntu1) ...

Can somebody help me in this, thx

Had similar problem. Turned out that I've added wrong OS version to sources.list. See here:
https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/downloads.html#ubuntu

When I changed from Vivid to Trusty the problem resolved.


Wireless card problems I'm new to linux so forgive me if this is redundant or unclear. I just finished installing ubuntu (14.04); however, when I try to connect to a wireless network via settings or the top menum I am not seeing a wireless connection option at all. Before installing ubuntu originally, I used the "Try ubuntu without installing" option. I quickly noticed the same problem. Through a little research I was able to find that I could use the "additional drivers" option to install the standard Broadcom driver which would give me back the wireless functionality that I was lacking. After partitioning my hard drive and installing ubuntu, I ran into the same problem as far as no wireless option showing up. I attempted to solve the problem with the previously mentioned method but when I click "Apply Changes" in the "Additional Drivers" tool, it appears as if the driver begins to install and then just stops without completing its install. I've tried this numerous times after restarting and reinstalling but ultimately I always come to the same ends. I tried looking both here and elsewhere on the internet for a possible workaround or solution to my problem and all I am able to find is half-written terminal commands that are nearly illegible to a new-user such as myself.

If anyone has a possible work-around or solution simple enough for a beginner to accomplish, it would be greatly appreciated.

After a little more research, I was able to find a set of terminal commands that allowed me to reinstall the driver without incident.


How do I fix a "Problem with MergeList" or "status file could not be parsed" error when trying to do an update? The computer gave me this output in a window:

E: Encountered a section with no Package: header
E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/archive.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_natty_main_binary-i386_Packages
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

How can I fix this?

These terminal commands should solve your problem:

First remove the Merge List by opening a terminal (Press Ctrl+Alt+T to launch) and run this command*:

sudo rm -vf /var/lib/apt/lists/*

Next, generate a new one by running a simple update:

sudo apt-get update

Here is the bug report (and another) for this problem, which is now fixed so it shouldn't create new malformed files, however if you already have the malformed files you need to remove them as explained in this post.

*The options used for rm are -v verbose

  -v, --verbose
                explain what is being done

and -f force

  -f, --force
                ignore nonexistent files and arguments, never prompt

If you are ever unsure about a command line or the options being used always refer to the manual page for the command. These can be accessed on the internet by searching for man and the command for example man rm
or you can access the same information by typing exactly the same command in the terminal for example man rm instructions for quitting the page will be at the bottom of the terminal like this

The one shot solution of this problem is to run the following two commands, one by one, in the terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T):
sudo rm -r /var/lib/apt/lists/*

You can generate a fresh one with this command:
sudo apt-get clean && sudo apt-get update

Voila! That should solve the “problem with merge list” error.
Reference: How To Fix Ubuntu Update Error: Problem With MergeList


Flickering screen Ubuntu 20.04 I got a HP Spectre with a 4K screen (specs) and I am currently running Ubuntu 20.04. During boot the GRUB menu is sometimes flickering. This can be so bad that it becomes impossible to read the different boot options. In most cases the flickering disappears again once Ubuntu has booted. However, sometimes the screen starts flickering again. This mostly happens when the laptop has been on for a couple of hours. Under Software and updates -> Additional drivers I have nvidia-driver-440 selected. Sporadically I boot into Windows and I have not seen the screen flickering there.

I hope someone is able to help me solve this issue. The flickering screen during boot is annoying but I can work with it. But the flickering screen while Ubuntu is running can be very annoying. If more information is needed please let me know.

I installed Xubuntu 20.04 LTS on two seemingly identical Compaq CQ60 laptops, and it worked flawlessly on one of them.  The second laptop had a flickering screen problem right away.  I tried reinstalling, changing the resolution and refresh rate, using the Nvidia third party driver (even worse), installing gnome desktop, changing to Wayland vs Xorg, and nothing worked.  Once my screen started flickering, I usually had to reboot.
The last thing I tried appears to have fixed the problem… Assuming these AMD Sempron laptops with 3GB of memory are very low on resources, I turned off the compositor by navigating to Settings Manager, Windows Manager Tweaks and unchecking Enable Display Compositing.  So far, a week later, I have had no further problems.

This sounds similar to my issue. If your ubuntu screen is flashing colours then it is similar to my issue. At first I thought it was just 20.04 but then when I install 18.04 back, the same thing occured. So I thought my PC had a faulty graphics card. but nope card is good.
After further research it seems there is more likely a driver compatibility issue. Since I never had any issue with 18.04 (for 2 years) I think maybe the libraries that is part of the update has a faulty Intel driver.
This is how I fix my issue.
Get into ubuntu via the "recovery mode". I'm not sure which key I press during boot to open this option. On dual boot there is an advance option to allow you to boot to recovery mode.
On the terminal type
"sudo gedit /etc/default/grub"
Find this line "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash". And change it to "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset".
"nomodeset" somehow disables the graphic card and it makes the resolution of my screen small.
Find this line "#GRUB_GFXMODE=". remove the # and change the resolution
Once complete type "sudo update-grub"
Doing this has stop the flickering. Only problem is that no sound will come out of the HDMI cable. But the speaker port of my PC still works


I cannot find .minecraft folder to install mods I'm kinda new on this, and need some help.
I had MC on my windows with mods, when changing to Ubuntu I got the same version. I tried to install the mods I had on my windows but I cannot make it work, because there's no .minecraft file nor %appdata%. I followed instructions like copying modloader into the .jar file, which didn't work and other stuff
Can you help me, please?

Ubuntu shows folders a bit differently, and organizes them in a different fashion.

Open your home folder. Press Ctrl+H. You should now see it as "dot-folders" are usually hidden. This assumes you have run minecraft as your user previously. If you haven't, run it, doing a few things in it(just to get it to create its config files).

it actually is not called %APPDATA% It is actually called mods if you installed forge to access it you go to resource packs and open the file to put them in but then you go back a file (you will see it in the corner of the window) it is called .minecraft look in there AFTER you installed forge it will be there!;)


Ubuntu Not Waking From Suspend I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 (not wubi, usb install) alongside Windows 7 on my Toshiba Satellite Laptop Series L655D-S5050

I have a couple of issues, Ubuntu will not wake from suspend when closing the lid. It will show the Ubuntu screen then go to black and spit out some quick text before the screen will just flicker, as if trying to wake up. I've been googling around looking for a fix but nothing seems to help. Maybe it has something to do with the drivers? I checked additional drivers in the system settings, but it says there are no drivers present. Any ideas?

Also, this issue isn't present all the time. But sometimes when I go to shutdown or restart Ubuntu, it will just loops to the login screen.

Thank you, for any input or help! Also I can get some logs of these issues, but not really sure how to go about all of that. I'm not to familiar with ubuntu, as i've only been using the desktop version for a couple months now.

For the perpetual shutdown problem, unplug any usb devices when the computer is booting or shutting down. I've been pretty lazy lately so I only know the workarounds and not the voodoo behind them, but it keeps my laptop from hanging up.

For your issue resuming from sleep, see if you can drop to a console with ctrl + alt + F2  when it hangs up, and then switch right back to tty7 with ctrl + alt + F7

Saw this thread on the side of the page and its got some more ideas to try.
Good Luck!


no internet with a Realtec RTL 8111/8168B chip set I am new to Ubuntu 11.10 in fact have only used Windows.

I am having difficulty getting internet working under Ubuntu.

Hardware - ASUS 24" all in one computer with a Realtec RTL 8111/8168B PCI Express rev 6 chip set.

I have tried to force the IP address through the network manager. The light on the router to green but still could not ping any addresses, and the manager was saying i was connected and had the IP adresses that i forced with ifconfig.

I recommend that you find and install the r8168 driver from Realtek. The latest version is 8.028.

i had the same problem and i just reinstalled it and everything worked perfectly afterwards, in still new to this operating system but hopefully it works for you, if not switch to the zion os which is free, and closer to windows in look and feel and way easier to use,


LAN connection does not work after upgrade to 18.04 I just updated my laptop from 17.10 to 18.04 LTS. However, only my wifi connection still works, while the lan connection is not able to work anymore.
I saw that others ran into similar issues after updating their system, however, nothing worked for me. Maybe someone has an idea.
ifconfig gives me this output:

~$ ifconfig
   enp0s31f6: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
    ether 54:e1:ad:bb:4d:5f  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
    RX packets 32507  bytes 5736300 (5.7 MB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 327  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 1687  bytes 1327985 (1.3 MB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0
    device interrupt 16  memory 0xf1300000-f1320000

   lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
    inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
    inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
    loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Lokale Schleife)
    RX packets 2599  bytes 221934 (221.9 KB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 2599  bytes 221934 (221.9 KB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

   wlp3s0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
    inet 134.93.216.46  netmask 255.255.240.0  broadcast 134.93.223.255
    inet6 fe80::3e0f:9ef1:2208:6a3e  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
    inet6 2001:4c80:40:539:4dc9:e32f:747b:7f6a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
    inet6 2001:4c80:40:539:f6b2:e234:8e22:6e62  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>
    ether 00:28:f8:55:06:b8  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
    RX packets 682246  bytes 1011624146 (1.0 GB)
    RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
    TX packets 111926  bytes 13380382 (13.3 MB)
    TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

My /etc/network/interfaces looks like this:

 # interfaces(5) file used by ifup(8) and ifdown(8)
 auto lo
 iface lo inet loopback

Any help is appreciated.
Thanks, Daniel

I start from the principle that your computer is connect to your home LAN network with an ISP Box. You don't have any IP address on your Ethernet interface but the interface link seems to be up.

Please run the command sudo dhclient -v enp0s31f6 in a terminal (this command will try to get an IP address from a DHCP server: your box).
Then check if you receive an IP address (command ip address or ifconfig). If you doesn't get an address, please copy & paste the output of the command dhclient.
If you correctly get an IP, then test your internet connectivity:

ping 8.8.8.8 -I enp0s31f6

8.8.8.8 is the address of Google’s DNS.
If your not able to ping this address, then check the routes with the command ip route. Ensure that the IP of your box is the default gateway of your computer.

Please check the configuration of the network manager. Go to Parameters → Network → Default → click on the gearwheel → IPv4, select Automatic (DHCP) and apply the change.

GIGABYTE AB350M-Gaming 3 rev. 1 F22
UBUNTU 18.04 LAN ISSUE

IP link show (know your LAN hardware names).
sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces and edit proper LAN name e. g. enp3so/enp5s0.
Ctrl+O (save), then Ctrl+X (exit).
Restart server.


using watch run 2 commands I have to do watch two commands in the same terminal windows. I mean something like

watch du -h filename.txt && df -h

But its showing only one output.

So what I am thinking is may be its not possible to use watch to run multiple commands on the same window.

If there is any way , Please let me know.

Thank you.

You can quote the commands:

watch "du -h filename.txt && df -h"

And they'll be executed together.

For multiple commands to run simultaneously, use single & operator between the commands. Like:

dothis & dothat

To clear any confusion, here's how different operators work:

c1 & c2  # Run both commands parallelly
c1 ; c2  # Run both commands one by one
c1 && c2 # Run c2 only if c1 exits successfully
c1 || c2 # Run c2 only if c1 fails


Bluetooth not working on ubuntu 14.04 with dell inspiron 15-3521 I have a laptop Dell inspiron 15-3521 with Ubuntu 12.04 pre-installed, It was working good (I removed this Ubuntu).
I installed Ubuntu 14.04 (fresh install).

(The driver installed is: bcmwl-kernel-source 6.30.223.141+bdcom-0ubuntu2)

The WiFi network working good but Bluetooth is not working (My phone, other pc and laptop can't see it and my laptop can't see anything.)

Bluetooth device is enabled and turned on and visible.

lspci result:

00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 3rd Gen Core processor Graphics Controller (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB xHCI Host Controller (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family MEI Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1a.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #2 (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family High Definition Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev c4)
00:1c.1 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family PCI Express Root Port 2 (rev c4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family USB Enhanced Host Controller #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation HM76 Express Chipset LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation 7 Series Chipset Family 6-port SATA Controller [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation 7 Series/C210 Series Chipset Family SMBus Controller (rev 04)
01:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)
02:00.0 Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n (rev 01)

lsusb result:

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 064e:8132 Suyin Corp.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0a5c:21d7 Broadcom Corp. BCM43142 Bluetooth 4.0
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 002: ID 19d2:0031 ZTE WCDMA Technologies MSM MF110/MF627/MF636
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

Similar steps as from Diabolik2. New information is where and how to get the hex file.

Sources:

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/1065400/comments/11
https://askubuntu.com/a/534632/336592.

To have a complete solution I write all my steps from the beginning:

Find ID of your device:

$ lsusb | grep Bluetooth

My output for example:

Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0a5c:21d7 Broadcom Corp. BCM43142 Bluetooth 4.0

from which 0a5c:21d7 should be remembered.
Get a hex file for your device:

After searching for bluetooth drivers in Google I have chosen this download: http://drivers.softpedia.com/get/BLUETOOTH/Broadcom/Broadcom-43142-Bluetooth-40-Adapter-Driver-12007030-for-Windows-8.shtml#download
I have extracted the last .hex file by chance. Fortunately it worked. STEPS: In nautilus right-click on the downloaded .cab file > chose Open with Archive Manager > select last .hex file in the archive list > right click > Extract...
download and compile hex2hcd

$ git clone git://github.com/jessesung/hex2hcd.git
$ cd hex2hcd
$ make
convert the .hex to .hcd

 $ ./hex2hcd /path/to/extracted.hex /where/you/want/your_new.hcd

Copy the hcd file to /lib/firmware as lib/firmware/fw-0a5c_21d7.hcd.

In the filename use the ID which you have previously found out.

Solution works (Ubuntu 14.04 kernel-4.2) In my case, HCD file needed to be named BCM.hcd.
The exact file name you should name your hcd file will be stated in description of loading error, which can be viewed using command:

dmesg | grep firmware

as Wilf stated above!


How do I uninstall MariaDB on Ubuntu 14.04 (Trusty Tahr)? I have installed MariaDB from source and now I need to uninstall it. I used these commands to install it:

wget http://mirrors.hustunique.com/mariadb/mariadb-10.0.14/source/mariadb-10.0.14.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mariadb-10.0.14.tar.gz
cd mariadb-10.0.14/
apt-get install cmake
apt-get install g++ openssl libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libboost-dev bison
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
  -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 -DWITH_SSL=system
make && make install

How do I uninstall it?

There are a few other options which might be of use:

  sudo apt-get remove mariadb-server

This will remove just the mariadb-server package itself.

  sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove mariadb-server

This will remove the mariadb-server package and any other dependant packages which are no longer needed.

If you also want to delete your local/config files for mariadb-server then this will work.

  sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove mariadb-server

but be careful with that last one. See the disclaimer at the installion site

The easy way for this is installing the synaptic package manager by typing the following command in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install synaptic

And then open synaptic by:

sudo synaptic

Then search for the package you have installed, mariadb, and mark it for complete removal and press apply.


Arrow Keys not working in GRUB I have Ubuntu and Windows 7 installed in my computer, but since I update to Ubuntu 14.04 the arrow keys does not work in GRUB, so I can not boot Windows 7. However it is very weird that after it boots Ubuntu the arrows keys work perfectly.

Help!!!

Does your BIOS/UEFI setup have a setting for "legacy USB support" or "USB keyboard support"?  If so, enabling this might allow your keyboard to work during boot.

These USB support options allow USB based keyboards to function as if they are traditional DIN or PS/2 keyboards like in the days before USB.  This will only affect the time up until your operating system loads its own keyboard drivers, so it can allow USB keyboards to work during boot even for boot loaders without USB support.

I'm not sure if Grub should support USB keyboards without the legacy option.  But in this case it's worth a try.

Boot into Ubuntu, find the GRUB settings, and change the order from 0 to 2.
Now next time you power on your system, it'll directly boot into Windows.
In this way you can save yourself from this situation.


Need to change default boot order. Instead of Ubuntu 21.04 to Windows 7 I have now three hard disks in my desktop. A Samsung SSD that boots Win7, a Toshiba HDD which is not bootable, and I yesterday added a Crucial SSD which boots Ubuntu 21.04.
If I now simply start my computer, Linux on the Crucial will boot..
If at startup I press F11 this allows to choose between these three and surprisingly, a non-existing fourth named "Ubuntu"(?). If I click on the Samsung then Windows will boot, if I click on the Crucial (or Ubuntu) Ubuntu will boot. As you can see on the left of the two pictures:
https://ibb.co/ctB75g0
The right picture shows what I get when press F2, the boot order setting at the ASRock Motherboard, while booting, I only get to "choose" between the identical Crucial and Ubuntu...
I want the Samsung to boot Win7 as default. From what I have heard, I have to do this in Ubuntu, and I know absolutely nothing about it. How do I make this change?
It was suggested to use grub-customizer for this, but as the picture shows, it does not even see the Samsung disk with the Windows..
https://ibb.co/fq1bKZC
My Win7 is not an UEFI, it is a legacy installation. Can that be the reason?
Thank you

You can convert an existing installation of Ubuntu from legacy to UEFI and vice versa.
You need to reinstall GRUB to the device hosting grub, in my case this is /dev/nvme0n1
Legacy to UEFI
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=ubuntu  --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot/efi  /dev/nvme0n1

UEFI to Legacy
sudo grub-install --boot-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=ubuntu /dev/nvme0n1

Then update grub sudo update-grub
Now you can list grub entries by using this command:
grep -E "^(menuentry|submenu)" /boot/grub/grub.cfg | cut -d"'" -f2 | nl -v0

In my case it will show the following
     0  Ubuntu
     1  Advanced Options for Ubuntu
     2  Windows Boot Manager (sur /dev/nvme1n1p2)
     3  UEFI Firmware Settings

After you have to edit /etc/default/grub and set the corresponding number  to GRUB_DEFAULT=0.
In my case Windows is entry n°2 so it will be GRUB_DEFAULT=2
Then you have to use sudo update-grub to update your grub, and now your computer will always boot windows by default.
Cheers


HP printer and scanner installation First I downloaded printer driver software from HP.

In the terminal window I always get error code 100 when installing an HP printer and scanner, so the installation does not work. How do I solve this?

Open the terminal and type:

sudo apt install hplip libqt5printsupport5
hp-setup --gui

If you have problems run the second command in interactive mode instead of GUI mode.

hp-setup --interactive

Download from this link: https://sourceforge.net/projects/hplip/files/hplip/3.18.9/hplip-3.18.9.run/download?use_mirror=nchc

Next add execute parameter

chmod +x hplip-3.18.9.run

then execute as normal user. This installer can download and install dependencie.

./hplip-3.18.9.run

After installation launch hp-setup


How do I install .run files? My PC has both Ubuntu and Windows 7 installed. I have installed all my drivers in Windows like Nvidia graphics, motherboard etc. Shall I install them in Ubuntu too?

I looked on the web for my Nvidia drivers and I have found a .run file. How could I install it on my Ubuntu?

Occasionally, some applications and games (eg. some from the Humble Indie Bundle) have .run installers. Before installing using these, check to see if:

it is available from the Software Centre
it is available as a .deb file, which will open in the Software Center

You can install .run files from the graphical interface, but using a terminal is more likely to give you useful feedback. To install a .run file you need to:

make it executable.
execute it

This is because .run files are just executable programs that do some unknown magic to install the program. This is similar to what .exe installers do on Windows and is different to the normal methods (at best, using the Software Centre, at worst using .deb files) in which applications are installed in a standard way and can be easily removed.
Graphical Method

Right click on the file in the file manager and click 'Properties'. Click the 'Permissions' tab and tick the box that says 'Allow executing file as program'.
Double click the file to execute it.

If this method doesn't work, try using the terminal method.
Terminal Method
Assume the file is called some-app.run and is in the folder /home/user/Downloads. You will need to modify these instructions to fit your situation.

Open a terminal (Applications->Accessories->Terminal).

enter cd /home/user/Downloads

enter chmod +x some-app.run

enter ./some-app.run

if step 4 fails with a message including 'permission denied', try entering sudo ./some-app.run (you will need to enter your password for this).

Notes

Sometimes you will come across .bin files. These are similar to .run files from the user's point of view.
The method to install .run files can be used to execute any file (as long as it has some sort of executable code in it.
Be careful using sudo and only use it when absolutely required. Translated into English, it means 'Run this command but allow it to do anything it wants to my computer'. This is why you are prompted for your password.

In a Linux based OS there are no .exe files, and Linux is fully permission based. Whatever you want to do, you first need to give permission.

You are asking how to install .run file?

By default, files you copy on the system don't get the executable permission because by default in Linux the umask is set to 022.

To make your .run file executable or working:

sudo chmod +x filename.run

Then it will ask for the password.

sudo is a way to authenticate and run commands as the superuser.
chmod +x gives executable permission to that file to all type of users.


I have installed Ubuntu 17.04, I am not able to connect to internet I cannot do anything with internet and have tried editing file network manager.conf and changing value to True and restarted the machine still not working.

And the mouse does not work automatically, I have to probe it every time I login, any permanent solutions to that?

Try running the command contained in this answer https://askubuntu.com/a/905045, I had the same problem and I solved only with that post. After the "touch" command you have to restart the network-manager demon.


How do I change the hostname without a restart? I want to change the OS hostname but I do not want to restart.

I have edited /etc/hostname but it requires a restart to get implemented. How to avoid this?

It's easy. Just click the Gear icon (located at upper right corner of the screen), open "About this computer" screen (located at Gear icon ) and edit "Device name".

Or, in a terminal, use the following command:

sudo hostname your-new-name

This will set the hostname to your-new-name until you restart. See man hostname and How do I change the computer name? for further information. Do not use _ in your name.

Note

After a restart your changes in /etc/hostname will be used, so (as you said in the question), you should still use

sudo -H gedit /etc/hostname

(or some other editor) so that file contains the hostname.

To test that the file is set up correctly, run:

sudo service hostname start

You should also edit /etc/hosts and change the line which reads:

127.0.1.1     your-old-hostname

so that it now contains your new hostname. (This is required otherwise many commands will cease functioning.)

sudo hostname your-new-name
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart

That should do the job I think


change apache document root to / I know this is one of the stupidest ideas you have heard of but my client, as part of his thesis project, he wants to be able to stream any media, including media on external hard disk.

proxying is an option but we finished the script and he just wants to change the document root to / after all this is just a university project.

In windows, we were able to change the document root to C: and it worked, ubuntu, no luck setting it to / so how to let apache run on all the machine/

I know this is one of the stupidest ideas you have heard of but my client.

It is.

And you can't with a normal install. Apache would be needed to be run as "root" and Apache has a built-in security check on it. Error notice you will see...

  Apache has not been designed to serve pages while running as root. There are known race conditions that will allow any local user to read any file on the system. If you still desire to serve pages as root then add -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable and then rebuild the server. It is strongly suggested that you instead modify the User directive in your httpd.conf file to list a non-root user.

So to do what you want to do you need to ...

add -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to the CFLAGS env variable.
rebuild apache server.
setup http.conf with root as the user.

I will leave it up to you on how to do this and would suggest you to forget about this, use a normal (restricted) user as intended and store files in a sub-directory owned by that user.

First of all here is my solution which can work with apache2-2.4.10 (as a result, you will have to replace it by the version which is in your software sources).

apt-get -y install dpkg-dev debhelper libaprutil1-dev libapr1-dev libpcre3-dev liblua5.1-0-dev autotools-dev
apt-get source apache2.2-common
cd apache2-2.4.10
export DEB_CFLAGS_SET="-g -O2 -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Werror=format-security -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE"
dpkg-buildpackage -b
cd ..
dpkg -i "name of the package apache2-bin* you generated with dpkg-buildpackage -b"
dpkg -i "name of the package apache2-common* you generated with dpkg-buildpackage -b"

Then modify httpd.conf or /etc/apache2/envvars file to set root instead of www-data (you can search www-data string and replace it by root) and restart apache.

Secondly here is the explanation:

Installed dependencies to use dpkg-buildpackage and dpkg
Got the source from the repository
Modified environment variables CFLAGS used by dpkg-buildpackage and added -DBIG_SECURITY_HOLE to it
Navigated to the apache generated directory and ran dbkg-buildpackage to recompile the package with the modified CFLAGS
Returned in the parent directory to use the generated packages
I install the packages apache2-bin and apache2-common

sudo apt-get install apache2-bin apache2-common


External Yeti Michrophone not detected on Ubuntu 18.04 I have external Usb Microphone by Yeti. With every Ubuntu upgrade it takes me hours to set it up. However, after upgrade to 18.04 the microphone is not detected at all.

The result of dmesg is:

[ 1723.642721] usb 3-1: new full-speed USB device number 26 using xhci_hcd
[ 1723.770713] usb 3-1: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 1724.006692] usb 3-1: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 1724.242693] usb 3-1: new full-speed USB device number 27 using xhci_hcd
[ 1724.370702] usb 3-1: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 1724.606727] usb 3-1: device descriptor read/64, error -71
[ 1724.714717] usb usb3-port1: attempt power cycle
[ 1725.366737] usb 3-1: new full-speed USB device number 28 using xhci_hcd
[ 1725.366894] usb 3-1: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1725.574909] usb 3-1: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1725.782715] usb 3-1: device not accepting address 28, error -71
[ 1725.910731] usb 3-1: new full-speed USB device number 29 using xhci_hcd
[ 1725.910884] usb 3-1: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1726.118876] usb 3-1: Device not responding to setup address.
[ 1726.326694] usb 3-1: device not accepting address 29, error -71
[ 1726.326786] usb usb3-port1: unable to enumerate USB device

Any ideas how it can be solved are welcome!

lo,

Had some troubles too with my external microphone (not USB but with micro in-plug), this one:

Philips SBC MM300

Looked around on the Net and wrote a small bash script with my modest knowledge (see further on).

The number '1' loads microphone module and the number '0' resets sound.

As mentioned in the script, 'Pavucontrol', should be installed but that should be alright on Ubuntu 18.04 (I use Linux Mint 19 Xfce myself).

Give the script Rights Everyone in all cases (maybe easiest by rightclicking the script).

To reload it, the name of the script file has to be the exact name as the file name at the bottom of the script. In the example: 'Microphonesound_On-Off.sh'.

Put the script somewhere and possibly shortcut it to your pc desktop (easy with PCman FM file explorer). Start by clicking or rightclicking and 'Open in terminal'.

If you still experience trouble after activating the micro sound module, go to your volume settings and check under 'Configuration' tab if 'Analog Stereo Duplex' is selected under 'Built-in Audio'.
Test your Volume settings in general after having activated the microphone sound with the script.

Different systems, different configurations. But it gives an idea.

Finally the script (copy all the text until 'Microphonesound_On-Off.sh' and save as 'Microphonesound_On-Off.sh'):

#!/bin/bash

clear

echo "MICROPHONE SOUND ON OR OFF"

# Requires Pavucontrol

echo

echo "Sound On = 1, Sound Off = 0 (zero):"

echo

read INPUT

if [ $INPUT == '1' ] # space before/after brackets!

then

echo

sleep 2 # required to load module

pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=10 # microphone sound On

echo "Micro sound On!"

elif [ $INPUT == '0' ]

then

echo

pulseaudio -k # reset all sound to default

echo "Micro sound Off!"

else

echo

echo "Wrong Input."
echo "Type 1 or 0."

fi

echo

echo "Enter = Reload"

echo

read

./Microphonesound_On-Off.sh


RemoteApp on Ubuntu 16.04 So I have been trying to use RemoteApp on Ubuntu 16.04 from my Windows PC, but I don't know how to open the .rdp file on Ubuntu. I have read to use FreeRDP, but haven't found instructions that explain how to do it. Could someone here shed a little bit of light on how I might do this?

The thing is you want to access your PC remotely? Well you can try Team Viewer though. I use this app frequently to remote Ubuntu and Mac from another PC.

It has various support to remote Linux, Windows, Mac. It even enable you to remote from Android.

Sorry, maybe I don't answer your question. It just I give you another option if you want to remote your PC :)


How can I convert a ppt to a pdf from the command line? I have a folder containing a bunch of ppts, each of which I'd like to convert to an individual pdf.

You can also use the command line of libreoffice for your purpose. This example converts all ppt-files in the current directory to pdf's:

libreoffice --headless --invisible --convert-to pdf *.ppt

  --headless
  Starts in "headless mode", which allows using the application without a user interface.
         This special mode can be used when the application is controlled by external clients via the API...
  It  implies  --invisible  and  strictly ignores any GUI environment.

and

  --invisible
              Starts in invisible mode.
                Neither the start-up logo nor the initial program window will be visible.  LO can be controlled and documents and dialogs can be opened via the API.
     When  started with this parameter, it can only be quit using the taskmanager (Windows) or the kill command
                (UNIX based systems).

Get more information on command line options with:

man libreoffice

(Note: You have to close all running instances of LibreOffice before the command line works.)

There is an easy cheat.

Use unoconv with midnight commander to convert odt to pdf:

launch mc
navigate where the odt files are
tag odt files using Ctrl-T then F2,@,
paste in unoconv -f pdf

It will spew a bunch of dire error messages, but it works!


Laptop doesn't boot after subsequnt Ubuntu update I have an Asus X75VC laptop with Ubuntu 16.04 currently using UEFI to boot. After running a dist-upgrade, my laptop will no longer boot or even enter BIOS reliably.

I was able to get it into BIOS mode a couple times, but changing the boot order and re-installing GRUB did not fix the underlying issue. Finally, I even can't enter BIOS.

I guess it all has something to do with the UEFI boot entry updates.

What can I do to get my system working again?

My hunch is that your firmware settings have been damaged. AFAIK, the only way to repair this is from within the firmware setup utility, so you'll have to keep trying until you can enter that tool. (If you can get Ubuntu to boot, you may be able to enter the firmware setup tool by typing sudo systemctl reboot --firmware-setup.)

Once you're in the firmware setup utility, select the option to restore everything to the defaults. This should do as I've suggested, and with any luck that will clear up the problem. Unfortunately, it's also likely to render Ubuntu unbootable. There are several ways to recover, but the least intrusive (and therefore the least likely to cause a recurrence of the problem) is:

Download the USB flash drive or CD-R version of my rEFInd boot manager.
Prepare a boot medium from the rEFInd file you download.
Boot with the rEFInd boot medium.
In rEFInd, boot Ubuntu.
In Ubuntu, open a Terminal and type df /boot/efi. Note the disk device and partition; for instance, it might be /dev/sda2.
In the Terminal, type sudo efibootmgr -c -d /dev/sda -p 2 -l \\EFI\\ubuntu\\shimx64.efi -L ubuntu, changing the -d and -p options to match the disk device you identified in the previous step. Note that -l is a lowercase L, not a digit 1.
Reboot and hope it works.

Alternatively, instead of steps #5-6, you could install rEFInd to your hard disk using the PPA or Debian package.

Right before you boot, you should see the GRUB bootloader. In GRUB, select advanced options, then select an older kernel.


How can I make a script that opens terminal windows and executes commands in them? I have three scripts I need to run when I start up my Ubuntu machine, they start services I use in my development environment.

To do that, I manually open three terminals and type in the commands.

Is there any way to create a script that will open three terminals and execute one command in each of these? (Each command should be in a separate terminal window so I can see their output).

gnome-terminal -- command
or
xterm -e command
or
konsole -e command
Pretty much
terminal -e command
To make the terminal stay when the command exits:
In konsole there is a --noclose flag.
In xterm, there is a -hold flag.
In gnome-terminal, go to Edit -> Profile Preferences -> Title. Click the Command tab. Select Hold the terminal from the drop-down menu labelled When command exits. You should create a new profile for that and execute with
gnome-terminal --window-with-profile=NAMEOFTHEPROFILE -e command

Use the screen command and
-d detach from an existing screen session, and reattach here
-m force a new screen session
-S create a named session instead of using the default name


how to get phpmyabmin to work on ubuntu 15.04 i have installed a LAMP server on ubuntu 15.04 but cant seem to get phpmyadmin to work. any ideas, i have got everything installed and i also recessive  "configdump configtest fullstatus graceful gracefulstop modules reload virtualhosts" this error message when i try to sudo service apache2 restart.

PHPMyAdmin doesn't work out-of-the-box once installed: you need to configure Apache first. Add the following line to /etc/apache2/apache2.conf:

Include /etc/phpmyadmin/apache.conf

Then restart Apache:

sudo service apache2 restart

sudo apt-get purge lamp-server^ phpmyadmin && sudo apt-get install lamp-server^ && sudo apt-get install phpmyadmin

that fixed it for me.


I have a problem with my desktop There's something wrong with my desktop.
Yesterday, I was using my laptop (Toshiba Satellite L655) as usual. I have Ubuntu 14.04 LTS installed, and everything was ok. I never had any problem before. But today, when I woke up and turned on my laptop and logged in to my account, it displayed nothing except for the background. No menu, files, nothing. It just shows the background.

Please help me.
Thanks.

If you able to get the terminal to work maybe you can try and run sudo apt-get update

Check out this thread you might find your answers there.


No linux-tools for stable kernel release I can't install and use perf tool on my linux server:

Linux vzu01-ubuntu 3.16.0-30-generic #40~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Jan 15 17:43:14 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@vzu01-ubuntu:~# apt-get install linux-tools
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package linux-tools is a virtual package provided by:
  linux-tools-virtual-lts-vivid 3.19.0.22.9
  linux-tools-virtual-lts-utopic 3.16.0.43.34
  linux-tools-virtual 3.13.0.57.64
  linux-tools-lowlatency-lts-vivid 3.19.0.22.9
  linux-tools-lowlatency-lts-utopic 3.16.0.43.34
  linux-tools-lowlatency 3.13.0.57.64
  linux-tools-generic-lts-vivid 3.19.0.22.9
  linux-tools-generic-lts-utopic 3.16.0.43.34
  linux-tools-generic-lts-trusty 3.13.0.57.64
  linux-tools-generic-lts-saucy 3.13.0.57.64
  linux-tools-generic 3.13.0.57.64
You should explicitly select one to install.

E: Package 'linux-tools' has no installation candidate

I tried installing different packages but it wouldn't let me use perf anyway...
Could it be anything wrong with repository list?

You can install linux-tools this way.

sudo apt-get install linux-tools-generic-lts-utopic

But it looks that you never updated your system. Kernel is outdated. Run

sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

That will get your kernel and other software up to date. Versions of linux-image and linux-tools will match after reboot.


Why is Ubuntu permissive with outgoing connections by default? I am pretty newbie to Linux, as most of computers for resources in my school use Linux, I just installed Ubuntu to learn.

By default iptables and ufw sets policy as under:

IPTABLES -P INPUT DROP
IPTABLES -P FORWARD DROP
IPTABLES -P OUTPUT ACCEPT

ufw default deny (default incoming).

In both cases, Linux all distros trust all applications including fames ftp, smtp, SSH, mail and all others allowing for outgoing traffic without notice or without concent. Which in turn leaves all 0-to-65535 ports open for outgoing traffic for all installed applications.

Furthermore, there is no particular application control that which particular application like firefox, opera or other are granted access to internet in any firewalls so far I tried. All installed application can freely enjoys all freedom to access internet.

In all major distros netstat is tempered to provide minimum information.

My concern is security....
How much security is offered by the OS (Linux), which allows all outgoing traffic and just blocks the access to incoming?

This sort of discussion comes up from time to time and IMO the best answer is that Linux is not Windows and at this time the current firewall policy is considered sufficient by the Ubuntu developers / security team as, by default, there are no open ports.

See : https://wiki.ubuntu.com/SecurityTeam/Policies

The utility of a firewall in the sort of concerns you have (malware or a cracker using the system for unauthorized activity has been debated but the consensus opinion is that it is not need by default (as you can see). That does not mean everyone agrees with the decision mind you ;)

You are free to disagree with the decision and either change your policies or send a mail to the security team if you wish.

As far as an application level firewall as exists in some Windows applications, suffice it to say it is not so easy to implement and although I have seen a few attempts to code such an application level firewall over the years, but, IMO, the technology is not there yet.

You might want to look at leopardflower I do not use it and can not vouch for how well it works.

Another, older attempt was tuxguardian, but as you can see it is no longer maintained and I would not advise you use it.

The closest thing in Ubuntu would be Apparmor.

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/AppArmor

No it is not precisely what you are asking for, it is just as close as it gets.

Otherwise, IMO, this discussion is age old, if you search the Ubuntu Forums you will find a number of discussion, and also

http://brainstorm.ubuntu.com/idea/4137

Good luck, I hope this post at least provides you with some information, although it is probably not the answer you were looking for.

Why are all outgoing ports open? If you don't trust the applications you are running, then you have bigger problems: There is already an app running, which could do bad things. If you started this application it could remove all files in your $HOME.....

You should trust the applications that are running, if not you have bigger problems than open ports.

If you want to browse the internet, outgoing ports to 80 (http) need to be open. If you have an application that you don't trust, this application could use port 80 as destination an pass your firewall....

If you still want to control outgoing connections, you can do this:

Disallow outgoing packages.
run a http-proxy with password access in your LAN.
Run a Mailserver in your LAN.
But many applications won't work anymore (Voice over IP, Skype, Chat ....)

But an evil application could read your firefox proxy settings, use the password and send information to an more evil server....

It is hard to control outgoing traffic. I would not do it.


12.04 started in low graphics mode, couldn't fix Possible Duplicate:
  How to fix “The system is running in low-graphics mode” error?

I just restarted my computer and went into low graphics mode. After some attempted fixes (using all the solutions I could find for 12.04 via Google), I haven't fixed it. I tried solutions including installing then removing gdm, and purging lightdm.

History:
- I installed the most recent Ubuntu updates today (15th Sept), which required a restart
- I tried to uninstall Wine (I don't know if it did, the remove button didn't work)
- I installed and tried to uninstall Bombono DVD
That's it. I hadn't touched anything to do with graphics drivers, which makes me suspect that the problem lies with a recent update package.

Now I'm unable to get to the login screen. How do I fix this?

I am not sure if this will help,

type, cvt 1440 900 (This can be your actual resolution your card and monitor call for like 1908 1024)

in the modeline you need this part for what we are about to do - 173.00  1920 2048 2248 2576  1080 1083 1088 1120

next we need to add your graphics mode type this  - xrandr --newmode clever_name 173.00  1920 2048 2248 2576  1080 1083 1088 1120 - (clever_name being like your vid card or something meaning ful to you

Now we need to add your mode - xrandr --addmode VGA1 clever_name

Set your Monitor to use it: xrandr --output VGA1 --mode clever_name

I hope this helps .... Let me know.


How to install Intel Media Accelerator Driver in Ubuntu 12? I have always been windows user, this is the first time i have switched to anything other than windows. The problem is that the display is very very dark and i know it has nothing to do with my monitor's settings. I get the same problem whenever i re install windows on my desktop but it gets solved when i install  Intel Media Accelerator and increase brightness from there. But i do not know where to go, what to download and how to install? Please just help me out with getting rid of this dark screen.

Name:Intel(R) G33/G31 Express Chipset Family
Chip Type: Intel(R) GMA 3100

The Intel Graphics Media Accelerator Driver for Linux, can be downloaded Here.

Once downloaded, you need to extract the file, and install it.  For instructions on how to install .tar.gz, see How to install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file

You need to use the Ubuntu Mobile & Embedded (UME) file to install.  Also you can look at the Readme_gfx.txt for installation instructions.


Sudoers.d Permissions denied I am running ubuntu 14.04 in DardDrive. I was taking the Steps for Setting up and Running sudo located here http://snag.gy/JAGgt.jpg. But every I type sudo "whatever"  as user ($), I get the following message:

 sudo: unable to stat /etc/sudoers.d/README: Permission denied
 sudo: unable to stat /etc/sudoers.d/ken: Permission denied.

so I leveled up as root and did ls -l | grep sud. See the following:

root@ken-:/etc# ls -l | grep sud
-rw-r-----  1 root root       745 mar 19 12:11 sudoers
drwxr-----  2 root root      4096 mar 19 14:53 sudoers.d

Based on the instructions on how to configure sudo, I should make a directory named same as my username in sudoers.d directory and in that file I have to just type ALL(ALL)LL on the user name. but, I also did a chmod 440 on that file, which makes it look like this:

root@ken-Inspiron-5558:/etc/sudoers.d# ls -l
total 8
-r--r----- 1 root root  22 mar 19 14:53 ken
-r--r----- 1 root root 958 mar 19 12:16 README

At this point when I level down using sudo su ken, and want to get into sudoers.d I keep getting the permission denied  statement.

I am not even able to access sudoers.d as user, see this:

ken@ken-Inspiron-5558:/etc$ cd /etc/sudoers.d/
 bash: cd: /etc/sudoers.d/: Permission denied-

You should have not added anything to /etc/sudoers.d/!
This is simply unnecessary and dangerous (as you see). All admin users (including the default user account that gets created during the installation) are already allowed to use sudo to run commands with root privileges.

Remove the file /etc/sudoers.d/ken again and revert all changes you might have done to /etc/sudoers.d.
You can use pkexec as temporary replacement for sudo to fix the issues while that does not work:

pkexec rm /etc/sudoers.d/ken

Admin users on Ubuntu are defined by their group membership in the sudo (formerly admin) group.

When you add new admin users through the Unity Control Center GUI, it will take care of those group memberships automatically.

When you add a new user from the terminal using sudo adduser USERNAME, it will not be a member of any additional group. In this case, you have to add those two groups manually to make the account an administrator that is allowed to use sudo:

sudo adduser USERNAME sudo

And in the rare case where you really would have to edit /etc/sudoers or a file in /etc/sudoers.d/, never do that manually but **always use sudo visudo to edit it! This command will verify the files and check for errors before applying the changes and prevent leaving you with a ruined sudo command.

Ubuntu has sudo already installed. Normal users will not be able to change directory to /etc/sudoers.d

In screenshot you have provided, author want to use sudo command as student user.

For this you have to first create a user called student

# useradd student

Add student to sudoers
# vi /etc/sudoers.d/student

insert following in it
student ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL

save the file

restart ssh

Now hopefully you can run all sudo commands and be a sudo like below ;)

$ sudo su


How to clear my USB memory if it is partitioned on 2 parts? I am new to ubuntu. I made a bootable usb drive (in ubuntu to reinstall ubuntu). After that,I tried to format usb and it didn't allow me, I tried gparted but it doesn't see usb. So I gave it to my brother and he tried on windows 8, but it showed that it has only 2MB of memory(Empty on windows with free 2Mb,usb had 8GB). When I put it in Ubuntu it show me 2 usb [partitions?], 1 with free2MB, 2nd with Ubuntu on it. What should I do?

You can use gparted, but remember to umount the disk before formatting. To completely "clear" the usb, you could:

Insert the USB media in your Ubuntu PC.
If it was automatically mounted, unmount it (You can also unmount it from gParted by doing right click on the device, and then unmount).
If gParted don't list your device, unmount it externaly, by right click on the desktop USB drive icon, and select unmount volume, or similar.
Open gParted.
At the top right corner you can see the available devices list box. Select the correct one, generally is /dev/sdb.
Select the device, and delete the partitions. Then apply.
Go to the Device menu, and click "create new partition table".
Select msdos.
Create a new partition as FAT32 (Or what you consider better).
Apply changes.
When all done, close gParted, unplug your USB device, and plug in again to test it.
Test it in a Windows computer if you want.

Best regards.

In order to format this USB device, you need to use a partition manager to find and delete all the partitions.

Something like Gparted under Linux or Partition Master under Windows are likely your best choices for an operation like this.


How to solve 'Connection refused' errors in SSH connection? I have an Ubuntu Server 10.10 32-bit in my home. I'm making SSH connections to it from my PC via Putty.

The problem is, sometimes I'm able to login seamlessly. However, sometimes it gives me an error like this: Network error: Connection refused.

Then, I dont't change anything, try to login a few times more, wait a while and try again. Sometimes I can log in, sometimes I cannot. It seems pretty random to me.

What can I do to solve this?

Edit:

And Sometimes, Putty gives Network error: Software caused connection abort error after displaying login as: text.

Here is the ping -t output:

Pinging 192.168.2.254 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=6ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=65ms TTL=6
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=88ms TTL=6
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=3ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64
Reply from 192.168.2.254: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=64

I turned off firewall of router, and everything seems to work now. Except for that, I still can't enter my web server by typing external IP from my PC.

You must install openssh-server on Linux before this will work.  Get the internal IP address of Ubuntu and use that IP to setup port forwarding on port 22 (SSH) section of your router.  Although if you don't intend to SSH from outside your network, this is not required.

Here's how to install openssh-server:

sudo apt-get install openssh-server openssh-client
[ENTER PASSWORD]

On Manjaro, while sshd is installed by default, the server daemon was not actice.

sudo systemctl start sshd.service opened it immediately, and works out of the box.


How to change the date/time format to English from the command line? Following the steps in the thread How to change Date/Time format to English? I got my Language Support app crashed, so I wonder if it is possible to change the language of the calendar from the command line.

You are probably on Ubuntu 16.04, and have run into this bug. I recommend that you either wait a few days until it has been fixed through the package updates, or install accountsservice from xenial-proposed in accordance with comment #5 in the bug report.

by changing locale

update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 LC_MESSAGES=POSIX