What Ubuntu version should I install to old netbook I´ve here a few years old netbook Acer Aspire One, 1GB RAM, 16GB HDD, Intel Atom 1,6GHz.

Original OS was Windows XP, but with XPs the system is so slowly. Now, before I trash that, I´d like to try it with Ubuntu. But what Ubuntu I should try into?

When I compare older Ubuntu with the newer ones (or the newest one), how with performance? Should I try to install there any older? Let´s say Ubuntu 8 or 10?

I´ve found a few benchmarks comparing WinXP and Ubuntu 8.04, but it was test with unstandard operations and Ubuntu was there faster. But how with normal using for non-IT, not for me? Just conect to internet, read&write mails and work with MS Word (or Writer in LibreOffice)?

Thanks for advices.

PS. I´m using Ubuntu 12.04 for last two years, so I have no option how to compare previous versions with older ones. But I suppose in currect (or newer) version whould be effects which could be too much for that old netbook.

Have a look at Lubuntu. It uses the LXDE Desktop Environment. You can download it here: http://www.lubuntu.net

Let us know if Lubuntu works with the netbook.

If you don't wish to upgrade every 9 months, I would recommend you to opt for an LTS version of Ubuntu.

You should first try the latest LTS version (14.04) of Ubuntu. Since you have only 1 GB of RAM, I would suggest the 32-bit edition. Use an external DVD drive or a USB key to try Ubuntu without installing it first (it will be very very slow from a DVD, but that's completely normal). Check that everything (Wi-Fi, integrated soundcard, integrated wired network card, ...) is working properly. If that's the case, you can install Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. You shouldn't have performance problems.

Ubuntu is generally faster in comparison to Windows on the same hardware. Moreover, according to the technical specification of your computer (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer_Aspire_One), you have a SSD of 16 GB, so you really should opt for Ubuntu 14.04 which includes improvements for SSD handling (TRIM is enabled by default).

However, if the UI effects are really slow after install, you may wish to install a lighter user interface like LXDE from Ubuntu Software Centre. You can also try gnome (fallback), xfce or MATE.

Once it is installed you can switch to that UI at logon, before entering your password. You just have to click on the Ubuntu logo next to your user name and choose LXDE instead of Ubuntu.

I've run LXDE without any problem on Pentium III computers and even older with less than 512 MB of RAM.

Notes :

Don't forget to make a backup of your data before replacing Windows by Ubuntu on your Netbook ;
Don't try to install older versions of Ubuntu which have reached their end of life. Use one fully supported version of Ubuntu instead. If you really wish to try an older version of Ubuntu, use Ubuntu 12.04 LTS which is supported until April 2017.


Should dconf-service start at boot? I've recently had some problems when I tried to install the latest gnome-shell and then revert back to the stable version.  After I purged all the PPAs that I was using and reinstalled gnome-shell and everything, I found that things still weren't working quite right.

I found somewhere online (obviously a reputable source) that deleting my dconf config files from  ~/.config/dconf/ and ~/.cache/dconf/ and then rebooting would help. While that did reset all my gnome-shell settings back to initial (like I wanted), I discovered another problem in that I could not change any settings on my system, via gnome-tweak-tool, System Settings, or dconf-editor. I would receive an error message of :

WARNING **: GDBus.Error:org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.ServiceUnknown: The name ca.desrt.dconf was not provided by any .service files

After much googling and fiddling, I was able to figure out that I could change settings if I ran /usr/lib/d-conf/dconf-service & and then changed all my settings while it was running.

I have two questions:

Would anyone know why something like this would happen (and is there anything I can do to fix it?

and

Is it terrible to add /usr/lib/d-conf/dconf-service/ to my startup applications so I'm able to change settings while using my computer day-to-day? This is really just a workaround, but I want to know if it's safe.

Thanks!

It seems that ca.desrt.dconf.service is missing from /usr/share/dbus-1/services/ . Try reinstalling dconf-gsettings-backend. It worked for me.

Doing a ps:

ps -ef|grep dconf
tthtlc    2912  2893  0 Aug07 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/ibus/ibus-dconf
tthtlc    4386  2695  0 Aug07 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/dconf/dconf-service

and who is his parent:

root      2440     0:00 lightdm
root      2469    18:07  \_ /usr/bin/X -core :0 -seat seat0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch
root      2686     0:00  \_ lightdm --session-child 12 15
tthtlc    2695     0:00      \_ init --user

and so it is "init" which is called from lightdm (owned by root).

so clearly dconf-server is not root-owned, and therefore should not be started at boot time, but instead should be started AFTER user has authenticated through login shell, which then started the "init" and there after other programs.

(Notice that mine is Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit LTS).

For starting up dconf-service, read this - so essentially you don't have to start it youtself:

https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/85403/how-gconfd-2-and-dconf-service-are-started-in-gnome3-or-other-gnome-based-deskto

Users or administrators should never need to start the service, as it will
be automatically started by dbus-daemon(1) whenever an application tries to
write settings.
Reading values from the dconf database does not involve the service;
it is only needed for writes.


Could not download the upgrades Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04,how to resolve I am getting this problem  while updating Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04,how to resolve.

Could not download the upgrades

The upgrade has aborted. Please check your Internet connection or installation media and try again. All files downloaded so far have been kept.

Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libproxy/libproxy1-plugin-gsettings_0.4.11-5ubuntu1_amd64.deb Size mismatch
Failed to fetch http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/libp/libproxy/libproxy1-plugin-networkmanager_0.4.11-5ubuntu1_amd64.deb Size mismatch

I don't think you can upgrade Ubuntu 14.04 to 16.04 through terminal. To do that you need to go to the Ubuntu's official website and go to **Downloads > Ubuntu 16.04.x or 16.04 ** and you should start downloading the file.

Good luck


Swap does not work in Kubuntu 15.04 I've installed Kubuntu 15.04. It seems that swap doesn't work:
free -m:

         total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
Mem:       3706       3109        596        197         62       1413
-/+ buffers/cache:       1633       2072
Swap:       5721          0       5721

Thought the /proc/sys/vm/swappiness is 60. How to fix it?

Upd: yes, it seems that the real used memory is  used minus cached, that's why there is no need in swap at the moment.

There may not be any need to use the swap space, since you've got some free memory. Start some memory intensive applications and see how it goes.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SwapFaq#Why_is_my_swap_not_being_used.3F


How to configure Apache on Ubuntu 14.04 if Nginx is already installed I followed the Tutorial on Digital Ocean and installed LEMP server successfully.

Then I read about reverse-proxy using Nginx and APache for hosting multiple websites on the same droplet .

Since I have Big fat droplet , I would like to host two Laravel Based APP on the same droplet .

So using this tutorial I Installed apache2
LINK

But unluckily apache is not running

$ sudo service apache2 reload
 * Reloading web server apache2                                               *
 * Apache2 is not running

So I did

 sudo netstat -tlpn

and got this table

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         Stat     e       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LIST     EN      5377/nginx
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22              0.0.0.0:*               LIST     EN      1233/sshd
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:3306          0.0.0.0:*               LIST     EN      3529/mysqld
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LIST     EN      5377/nginx
tcp6       0      0 :::22                   :::*                    LIST     EN      1233/sshd

I am a windows user and I have no Idea about how to fix this .

Can any one help me out .

Thanks,

Nginx runs on port 80 and that's ok. The default port for the Apache httpd is port 80, too and that's a problem.

Reconfigure Apache httpd

Use port 8080 for your Apache httpd. Open ports.conf

sudo nano vi /etc/apache2/ports.conf

and replace

Listen 80

with

Listen 8080

Do the same for virtual hosts, if necessary.
Restart Apache httpd

sudo systemctl restart apache2

or on Trusty with

sudo service apache2 restart

Check the output of netstat

$ sudo netstat -tulpn | grep apache2
tcp6   0  0 :::8080   :::*  LISTEN  22769/apache2

And yes, also with the output above, httpd is listening on tcp port 80.
Reconfigure nginx to work as proxy and use your Apache httpd as backend, e.g. for port 80 by editing of /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/default

and add the proxy settings below
in the location section

proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto http;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Port 80;
proxy_set_header Host $host;

Restart nginx

sudo systemctl restart nginx

or on Trusty with

sudo service nginx restart

Check the output of netstat

$ sudo netstat -tulpn | grep -P 'nginx|apache2'
tcp  0  0 0.0.0.0:80  0.0.0.0:*  LISTEN  22973/nginx -g daem
tcp6 0  0 :::80       :::*       LISTEN  22973/nginx -g daem
tcp6 0  0 :::8080     :::*       LISTEN  22769/apache2

And it's a good idea to configure httpd to listen only on 127.0.0.1.

Long story short - you have to run apache listening on different port (Listen), since port 80 is already in use by nginx.


Apache not allowing PHP to create file I am trying to save data using HTML and PHP in localhost in Ubuntu. My HTML & PHP files are working great but when I am using commands to open a file in the localhost using

$myfile = fopen("testfile.txt", "w")

it does not allow it to create it, but the PHP file is working and when set with commands to output variables from PHP it works well.

How to permit PHP to create files in Apache in localhost Ubuntu.

You must allow the Apache user (usually www-data) to create files in that directory. This can be accomplished by making Apache the owner of the directory, for example, if the directory were called my-dir, you would open a terminal and run this:

sudo chown www-data my-dir

If you are creating the File on the fly and you do not want to save it on the server but instead download it on client computer after an action is triggered from client side e.g. like a button click from a User Web Browser, you can write the PHP code as follows;

<?php

$dataToWriteToFile = "This Text has been saved in this Text File and Downloaded for you to View !";
$fileName = "TxtFilename.txt";

$file = fopen($fileName,"wb");
fwrite($file, $dataToWriteToFile);
fclose($file);

header('Content-Type: charset=utf-8');
header("Content-disposition: attachment; filename=$fileName");

print $dataToWriteToFile;

?>

DISCLAIMER: It will not work for those intending to write a file to server for archiving but for anyone else creating a file on the fly for purpose of making their client users download it to their web browsers it may suffice for that purpose.

I was about to talk to my client to request them to allow the Apache user to add more rights to the Apache user (as is suggested by previous answers here and other related Questions on internet) to allow writing files to the folder where their server web pages are served from. I am almost certain this would have been an uphill task for them to agree to but luckily the above code worked for me.


If I build a package from source how can I uninstall or remove completely? I used source code to build one package such as below:

./configure --prefix=/usr --sysconfdir=/etc --localstatedir=/var --libexecdir=/usr/lib --with-package-name="Myplugin" --with-package-origin="http://www.ubuntu.org/" --enable-gtk-doc --disable-static
make
make install

But unfortunately, i discovered that its the latest version, and has lot of bugs, so i need to remove it/uninstall it. But how can i do so? I tried make clean; make uninstall but still i see it exist:

# pkg-config --list-all | grep Myplugin
myplugin-....
$ ls /usr/lib/myplugin/libXYZ.so
exist....

How do you remove this now?

Usually you can just use:

make uninstall

or

sudo make uninstall

if the app was installed as root.

But this will work only if the developer of the package has taken care of making a good uninstall rule.

You can also try to get a look at the steps used to install the software by running:

make -n install

And then try to reverse those steps manually.

In the future to avoid that kind of problems try to use checkinstall instead of make install whenever possible (AFAIK always unless you want to keep both the compiled and a packaged version at the same time). It will create and install a deb file that you can then uninstall using your favorite package manager.

make clean usually cleans the building directories, it doesn't uninstall the package. It's used when you want to be sure that the whole thing is compiled, not just the changed files.

I had compiled php-5.6.30 from source without configuring it with openssl, so I had to go back and install it from scratch.Using make uninstall did not work as the Makefile for php doesn't support it.

However, this step worked for me, - I listed all the files related to php and removed them manually, it took me about 5 minutes without breaking a sweat. You can similarly use these steps to uninstall your compiled software.

Replace php with the software you need to uninstall

whereis php

The above command lists directories where the binaries are installed ex: /usr/local/bin/php, /usr/bin/php .. remove each file/directory listed in your output.

sudo rm -f  /usr/local/bin/php

Do this with all the files listed in the above output and you are all set to install the newer version from scratch.


How can I force SSH to give an RSA key instead of ECDSA? Upon the first time accessing a server, how can I force SSH to give me the RSA key and automatically store it if the user approves?

Presently it is offering me the ECDSA key.  Because I already know the RSA key, I would prefer to see the RSA key presented at this point.

I have tried:

ssh -o RSAAuthentication=yes user@server

Unfortunately this gives me an ECDSA key and the Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? message.

By removing the ECDSA algorithms from the HostKeyAlgorithms configuration variable.

ssh -o HostKeyAlgorithms=ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss user@server

I've simply removed all the ECDSA algorithms from the default list.

You can, of course, put that in your .ssh/config for that machine:

Host: server
    HostKeyAlgorithms ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss

Or, if you insist on having the RSA key approach, you can type ssh-keygen -t rsa on the server that you intend to SSH to.

That should generate RSA public and private keys under '~/.ssh/id_rsa'. Now all you need to do is to copy the public key under $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys of all those machines from which you intend to ssh to the machine on which you generated your RSA keys.

And then sit back and relax!


Ubuntu EXTREMELY slow on MacMini So I have an older MacMini. It's not the world's greatest machine, but it doesn't suck that badly:

Intel® Core™2 CPU T5600 @ 1.83GHz × 2, 1gig ram

I have installed Ubuntu on MUCH weaker machines with acceptable performance. I have installed Windows 7 on this machine with acceptable performance. But Ubuntu 12.04? SLOW. Horribly slow. Loading the system dialog is a 45 second affair. Starting chrome is a 2 minute affair. Launching Ubuntu Software Center? 5+ minutes. Something obviously isn't doing what it's supposed to be.

Any ideas where to start looking?

Had the same problem and found a quick, simple and very effective performance.

Have a look at cat /proc/cpuinfo and see if your CPU is not being underclocked. I downloaded the simple scale.sh script and ran it with the performance switch and got an amazing improvement. An alternative would be to use something like indicator-cpufreq app.


How to find architecture of my PC and Ubuntu? When running uname -a, I get as output

41-Ubuntu SMP Mon Aug 13 17:59:54 UTC 2012 i686 athlon i386 GNU/Linux

Can someone please explain to  me why both i386 & i686 ?

What exactly is my PC architecture and what version of Ubuntu am I using (32bit or 64bit)?

The command is uname -m.

Open a terminal try using uname -m command. This should show you the OS architecture.

If it gives any output like ix86, where x is 3,4,5 or 6, Your OS is 32bit.

You can also see the Ubuntu architecture by Opening "System monitor" and going in the System tab.

Difference between hardware platform and Processor type:

There is a difference between the hardware platform (which is given by -i switch) to the CPU type (given by -p switch).

The hardware platform tells us which architecture the kernel is built for (may be optimized though for later versions). It can be a i386.

However the Processor type refers to the actual processor type of your machine such as i686 (P4 and later builds).

Thanks to Schotty of this this page. Here is an answer from Unix stackexchange site on the same topic, though I didn't find the language enough clear (completely my fault).

use syscap from Formake project https://sourceforge.net/projects/formake
syscap allows to probe many system properties and test dependencies. It is a portable shell script.


Remove Unmet Dependencies error I did a:

sudo dpkg -i --force-depends package.deb

The program was confused about a package that wasn't installed (it was).  The program works fine, however now whenever I do an update, i get this message:

You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 fern-wifi-cracker : Depends: aircrack-ng (>= 1.0) but it is not installable
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

The software center, update manager, everything is giving me hell.  The question is, how do I tell the computer that everything is ok, and there are no unmet dependences?

if i do:

sudo apt-get install -f

it wants to remove the program I have installed (not a good option if you ask me).

Any ideas on how to get my computer to chill out?

EDIT: Added what actually happens with last command:

user@computer:~$ sudo apt-get install -f
[sudo] password for user:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  fern-wifi-cracker
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 to remove and 32 not upgraded.
    After this operation, 1,532 kB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

The only way to fix this is to remove the package, by typing sudo apt-get remove package (replace "package" with the neame of the package with unmet dependencies). I dealt with this problem for a long time with codeblocks (a C++ IDE). Tried everything and believe me, this is the simplest and best solution. Hope it helps.

apt-get autoremove linux-image-generic-pae linux-generic-pae

This command worked for me! Got rid of that unmet dep's error as well as cleaning up my /boot partition.


Is there alternative to IEtester? i used to use ietester in windows for testing site. but i found that it has no downloads for linux. is there any alternative for ietester in ubuntu.

Install PlayOnLinux, and then use it to install IE7 and/or IE6.

First: In software centre install playonlinux
Open PlayOnLinux
Click install and choose internet
Choose the IE version you want and click apply

You can try LambdaTest https://www.lambdatest.com/ the pricing starts at $19, even we use the same.


How to remove wine completely How can I remove the wine folder and all the applications in that folder?

I've tried via synaptic but it keeps showing up in the application menu.

In my case Wine did not get effectively uninstalled using the command:

sudo apt-get --purge remove wine

So I did the following (make sure to copy the exact commands):

cd $HOME
rm -r .wine
rm .config/menus/applications-merged/wine*
rm -r .local/share/applications/wine
rm .local/share/desktop-directories/wine*
rm .local/share/icons/????_*.xpm

These commands delete files stored in hard disk that may lock uninstallation of wine. Quite possibly you will get some warnings about rm: remove write-protected regular file here. These can be enforced collectively by using the f option, i.e. rm -f and rm -rf instead of the above... but be the heck careful that you've actually typed the right paths!

After deleting the files run command:

sudo apt-get remove --purge wine

Do the following to correct any installation error.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get autoclean
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove

I've had a similar problem but after doing

apt-get autoremove wine

it worked


Bluetooth doesn't start up properly when I start up Basically, Bluetooth via my USB dongle doesn't work until after I manually /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart a few times. Is there a way to have it start automagically so I don't have to do this each and every boot?

Go to Startup Applications and make sure that Bluetooth Manager is enabled.

you can but this command in the startup application choose add new and put this in the command filed.


How can I see what application is using the internet? I managed to download / upload 22GB of data on Friday, and 14.76GB of that was "off peak" - between Midnight and 8 am.

I do not use the computer during those times, so I'm wondering what is using that amount.

How can I monitor which application is using so much internet?

nethogs can monitor the network usage per process.

Start it with sudo nethogs to monitor, and then press m to change to monitoring the total instead of current data transfer. It should look like this:

NetHogs version 0.8.0

  PID USER     PROGRAM                      DEV        SENT      RECEIVED
18232 tim      spotify                      eth0       8.620      37.414 KB
6047  tim      /opt/google/chrome/chrome    eth0      10.129      13.322 KB
5279  tim      ..lib/virtualbox/VirtualBox  eth0       0.750       1.231 KB
32042 tim      /usr/bin/pulseaudio          eth0       0.703       0.844 KB
32446 tim      ..im/Programs/BTSync/btsync  eth0       1.016       0.832 KB
3018  debian-to/usr/bin/tor                 eth0       0.072       0.000 KB
?     root     unknown TCP                             0.000       0.000 KB

  TOTAL                                               21.290      53.644 KB

The best option is using nmap and wireshark. Check out this tutorial...

How to tap your network...


Not enough space on /tmp I'm not able to run update manager as I get an error saying that there is not enough free space in the /tmp directory. I've practically cleaned out the tmp directory but the error persists.

here's df-h

/dev/loop0       13G   11G  952M  92% /
udev            2.0G  4.0K  2.0G   1% /dev
tmpfs           785M  920K  784M   1% /run
none            5.0M     0  5.0M   0% /run/lock
none            2.0G  584K  2.0G   1% /run/shm
/dev/sda6        20G   14G  6.4G  68% /host

overflow        1.0M   16K 1008K   2% /tmp

What seems to have happened:

Your / was full, then Ubuntu created a new partition, in RAM memory, to use temporarily.

Now, this 1MB partition is not big enough for the job, either.

What we can do:

1) increase the size of this partition just to do the upgrade

2) actually delete enough files in the HD that this partition is no longer needed.

To do 1:

open a terminal and run

sudo umount /tmp
sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=1048576,mode=1777 overflow /tmp

This should give you an 1MB partition (just like the one you had =P).

Now, to increase the size, you increase the size in that line, so that, with size=10485760, you'd get 10 MB.

Your goal is to find a number that is enough for the job, but leaves enough ram too

Comments on 1

You may want to try sudo umount -l /tmp, if you get some variation of "the file system is busy and cannot be unmounted"

Another possible solution to "the file system s busy(...)" is to do fuser -m /tmp to find pids (process numbers) that are using /tmp, then ps -elf <pids>, stop or kill processes

You may want to try sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=1MB,mode=1777 overflow /tmp or even sudo mount -t tmpfs -o size=1G,mode=1777 overflow /tmp (for 1 megabyte or 1 gigabyte, respectively) - that is, units are available so that you dont have to type a huge number

To do 2:

Open a terminal and run sudo umount /tmp or, if that fails, sudo umount -l /tmp.

Then clean up!

Delete files in /tmp (now /tmp is the thing actually in your HD, rather than a virtual ram disk), uninstall unused packages, delete files in your home folder and so on.

Open up /etc/mtab in your favorite text editor with root privledges (ie “sudo vim /etc/mtab”). And increase the memory allocated to your /tmp folder. After restart Ubuntu will increase the space to /tmp, and fix this problem.


Ubuntu not recognising Windows 7 install and drives I am trying to dual boot windows 7 and Ubuntu 16.04. I have done a clean install of Windows 7 and the drives are formatted and I have left an unallocated drive for the Ubuntu install.
When I install Ubuntu I don't get the first installation type screen; it goes straight to this one

I have tried running fix parts as suggested in previous posts but to no avail.
This is my disk management in Windows 7.

What should I do?

The partition layout stirs of something inside of me - I would not recommend the layout with a C-drive on your secondary drive. I cannot provide proof in form of documentation on this - but it's a bit unusual to have this layout.

Also (perhaps more relevant): The free space - does it reside on a logical partition? I think that could be the reason why the installer doesnt show any free space.

You can use Gparted on a USB drive to view the layout in details and maybe move the partition around so that you have free space in the beginning of the disk, which would then show up as available space for a primary partition in the installer :)


Ubuntu 14.04 frequent mouse freeze I recently installed Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 7 on my Asus (i5 core and 8GB Ram).

I experience frequent freezes of my screen. I cannot move the mouse, but I can use the keyboard. When it happens I could always open a command line with Ctrl+Alt+F2 and do sudo service lightdm restart to restart graphics.

But that of course does not fix the problem and is rather annoying since it happens rather often.

How I can find and fix the underlying issue here?

Greets and thanks in advance

I get it occasionally in 12.04 LTS.  control+ALT+t will usually open a terminal window. modprobe -r psmouse followed by modprobe psmouse will usually fix it.

Check RAM by booting into GRUB.  Boot holding shift down, then test memory.

Go to nvidia settings, profiles, and switch to Intel Power Saving. Logout and back in.


Why I can't use update-alternatives to select Python 2 or 3? Is there a particular reason on why update-alternatives is not working with Python since ubuntu comes bundled with different versions?

The reason is, python versions aren't fully compatibile. If you set 3.3 version as your default, the applications made for 2.7 could not work.

Or maybe you can.

Important Note: The solution presented bellow (with update-alternatives) may break your system.
 If things break, try to fix them and keep python 3, report the fix you made to the correct bug-reports sites and help the community to grow; or move back to python 2. At the end of the answer I'll add a simple command to move back in case you need.

If you just want to change python for your own user, not the system, you can use an alias.

Solution 1: alias

Add this line into your ~/.bashrc or ~/.bash_aliases file:

alias python=python3

And that is it. You don't need to read bellow.

Solution 2: update-alternatives

If alias is not what you are looking for, and you really want to change the default of the whole system, then keep reading.

First check your python version:

# python -V
Python 2.7.13

Use this commands to install alternatives (run as root or use sudo)

# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python2.7 1
# update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3.5 2

Then configure the version with (again, run also root or use sudo):

$ sudo update-alternatives --config python
There are 2 choices for the alternative python (providing /usr/bin/python).

  Selection    Path                Priority   Status
------------------------------------------------------------
* 0            /usr/bin/python3.5   2         auto mode
  1            /usr/bin/python2.7   1         manual mode
  2            /usr/bin/python3.5   2         manual mode

Press <enter> to keep the current choice[*], or type selection number: 2

Now check the version:

# python -V
Python 3.5.3

When you run the above command, you can choose selection number: 0 or 2 to pick python 3. If things break, run again and pick number 1 to go back to python 2.

Good readings:

python3 statement

Hack-a-Day

The Register News


How can I fix the touchpad on my Chromebook 14 using Ubuntu 14.04? I did a fresh install. Still, neither dmesg | grep mouse nor cat /proc/bus/input/devices seem to show any input from a touchpad.

I am still looking for a way to fix the touchpad. Any help has been and will be greatly appreciated.

================================================================================
When I initially installed Ubuntu, the touchpad worked just fine. After doing some updates, the touchpad quit working.

I followed these instructions
but that failed to fix the problem.

lsmod | grep psmouse produces psmouse 109109 0

psmouse.conf does not seem to exist in /etc/modprobe.d

Neither dmesg | grep mouse nor cat /proc/bus/input/devices seem to show that the touchpad is a valid input.

The following suggeested solution failed :

    sudo modprobe -r psmouse
    sudo modprobe psmouse proto=imps

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics gpointing-device-settings and trying the above solution did not work either.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Good news!  The latest version of the Linux Kernel now supports chromebook natively and officially. No patching required.

If you are running a version before 3.17 then you need to update. Check your version.

uname -r

To update manually, run the following (64-bit, 14.10 only):

cd /tmp
sudo mkdir kernel
cd kernel
sudo wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.17-rc1-utopic/linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc1-generic_3.17.0-031700rc1.201409021903_amd64.deb
sudo wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.17-rc1-utopic/linux-headers-3.17.0-031700rc1_3.17.0-031700rc1.201409021903_all.deb
sudo wget http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/mainline/v3.17-rc1-utopic/linux-image-3.17.0-031700rc1-generic_3.17.0-031700rc1.201409021903_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
sudo reboot

Give the boot process at least 5 minutes to finish the first time, ignore the string error you will get

Source: http://www.reddit.com/r/chrubuntu/comments/1rsxkd/list_of_fixes_for_xubuntu_1310_on_the_acer_c720/

you need to install the synaptics package from here -

xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

works on my Toshiba Chromebook 2.

So open terminal - Ctrl+Alt+T, type

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-input-synaptics

and then reboot.


How to remove additional docky panels? I installed dockey and cannot remove the additional panels added via the Delete button. Is there a way to remove additional panels?

Since the owner changed the status to [SOLVED] but the solution is nowhere to be seen, I'll show what I did to fix this.

upgrade to the latest version of docky.
Follow this instructions:
Press Alt + F2
Type command gconf-editor and hit enter/return
Navigate to “apps/docky-2/docky/DockController/ActiveDocks” in the gconf-editor
Remove the second dock.
Restart Docky

Here is the site I got the instructions from: Remove the Anchor icon in Docky

PD: I STILL can't create a second dock without it being empty (and thus unusable) and I STILL can't uncheck 'manage windows without launcher'

copied from ubuntuforums


How do I share files with a Mac? I would like to allow a Mac user on the same network to edit (in-place) a stylesheet file on my localhost.

Hence I would like to share /var/www/site1 with users on the network.

How can I do this?

you could install gshare.

with it you can select what folders you want to share just by right clicking them.

sudo apt-get install gshare

Here is my home folder that I share in my local network.

Use dropbox and create a symbolic link to the folder.

ln -s ~/Dropbox/site1 /var/www/site1


How to mostly automate authoring video dvds? How to take a few hundred video files of various formats and put them on dvds, with a dvd menu item for each video file?

Automated to the extend that doing any action for each and every file is too time consuming to be feasible.

edit: I'm going to look at automating with handbrake per https://askubuntu.com/a/39156/174758

You might also want to check out dvdauthor, which takes a xml file as input for a menu. I don't know if you know any scripting, but since it's a command line tool, this could be programmed as a simple loop.

An example script of making automating this process is here. It makes use of both dvdauthor and ffmpeg to convert the file to dvd.


"Loading operating system... boot error" when booting from live CD I'm having a problem installing Ubuntu 12.10 on a new drive.  I was running Windows7 on my SSD but when the drive crashed, I decided to use that as an excuse to make the switch to Ubuntu.  I've been experimenting with it on my old laptop until I got my SSD replaced under warranty.

Now I have my SSD back and want to install Ubuntu on my desktop machine.  I used UNetbootin to make a bootable flash drive.  I then I went into my BIOS and made sure USB loaded before the hard drive.  However, when I try to load it I get an error that says:

Loading operating system ...
boot error

I know the flash drive works because if I reboot my laptop or my other Windows PC with the flash drive and it loads into Ubuntu...just when I try to do it in the PC with no OS currently on the drive.

Try using the bootable flash drive made from the Startup Disk Creater. then try booting the PC with the flash drive.

UNetbootin didn't work for me either. It's better to use Startup Disk Creator. So find some friend with Ubuntu OS laptop, make a startup disk and boot. That's what i did.


Page borders gone in evince after 14.04 upgrade After upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04, the thin black borders that appear around pages in evince have disappeared. Now, when I'm reading a pdf file in evince, the pages appear white against a background that's very slightly pink, but without the page border you have to squint to see the boundary between the page and the background. The result when viewing documents in continuous mode is that there appear to be big chunks of needless white space in the middle of the document (where in fact there is merely a page boundary), and it looks rather odd.

I don't want to turn off continuous mode, and apart from this I think evince is brilliant, so I'd be very reluctant to change pdf viewer.

Is this change in appearance caused by the new default theme in 14.04 (with its lack of borders)? What can I do to get back my bordered documents?

Change the theme from "Ambiance" to "Adwaita" solved the problem for me.  But you have to like this new theme.


"The software on this computer is up to date" while upgrading 12.10 to 13.04 Before you guys close this question as duplicate, I did go through How do I upgrade from 12.10 to 13.04? and nothing solves my problem there.

When I try to upgrade my ubuntu 12.10 installation it says

  The software on this computer is up to date.

  There are no upgrades available for your system. The upgrade will now
  be canceled.

Here's a snapshot:

Question: how to fix this issue and upgrade 12.10 to 13.04?

Update

I tried @montazeri's command and cated release file. Here's the output:

Question here, have you tried looking at the System Settings > Software & Updates information? Specifically on the updates tab, look at the drop-down where it states:

Notify me of a new Ubuntu version:

If it does not say 'For any new version' but instead says anything else, then this would occur.


Notebook overheating in ubuntu 16.04 LTS I installed Ubuntu 16.04 and the notebook overheats after a few minutes of light use. Previously I had Ubuntu 14.04.2 and I somehow solved the problem. I tried all the thing I could think of (remember from the 14.04 install) for this updated version of Ubuntu but still no improvement.

Here's what I tried:

lspci | grep VGA
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 540M] (rev a1)

I installed the nvidia 367.44 driver and set the profile to intel (power saving mode).

sudo apt-get install tlp tlp-rdw
sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq
sudo apt-get install thermald

EDIT:

lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller (rev 09)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] 2nd Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics Controller
    Kernel driver in use: i915
--
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GF108M [GeForce GT 540M] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] GF108M [GeForce GT 540M]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau

The problem seems to be with the graphics drivers. I tried to install different versions and ended up with a black screen on startup. Solved it by doing the steps from Black screen after installing nvidia driver.

Now if I open All Settings -> Displays I have the "Built-in Display" and "Unknown display" , so there's still some problem with the drivers

You need to install Nvidia drivers.

Make sure that Secure Boot is disabled in BIOS.

Run in terminal

sudo apt install nvidia-361 nvidia-prime

and reboot.

For better powersaving state you can switch to the Intel adapter by

sudo prime-select intel

log off and log on to apply.

Pilot6 instructions are good.

You should also install Bumblebee to reduce overheating.

  sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends bumblebee

There is more information here

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Bumblebee#Installation

You should also consider checking if your machine supports Intel P-State

http://www.webupd8.org/2014/04/prevent-your-laptop-from-overheating.html


Where to look for drivers for Ubuntu I want to know from where i can get all the drivers for Ubuntu 14.10 for my lenovo G580 laptop.
Is there any link for getting drivers for ubuntu ?

Lenovo laptops are the best supported computers for most any flavor of linux, including Ubuntu.  As a result, you should not even need to seek drivers for them as such drivers tend to be automatically installed at installation time.  A couple of years ago I saw one Lenovo laptop which had failed to have its drivers properly installed because the internet wasn't connected during installation.  If your computer has a wired ethernet port, I recommend using that during installation.  If you don't wish to reinstall, you could open system settings and click on the "additional drivers" icon.

PS: Ubuntu is really the easiest operating system to install, the only caveat being that there are quite a few laptops which resist installation, most of them being made between 1998 and 2004.  The only way to tell is to boot such computers to the live cd/usb stick.  If it doesn't work with those, it probably won't work on the hard disk installation.

Here's another tip.  when in doubt, try disconnecting the internal hard drive and installing instead on a high performance external usb stick or hard drive as a "dry run test".  I am particularly fond of the Patriot Rage Pro XT sticks.  32g is overkill so these drives, for all their performance, don't actually cost that much. Best of all, after you have made your customized external stick, you can apply it to many valid purposes, not the least of which is introducing your friends computers to ubuntu by running their windows pcs to Ubuntu.  These sticks will also facilitate data recovery on your friends computer even when their windows is so corrupted that the machine wont boot.  You can save your friends hundreds of dollars by assisting them in data recovery, or of course you can probably persuade them to give you a few bucks for the service.  I suppose that may depend on how fond you are of them.  ;-)

Almost forgot, if you install CLAMtk VIRUS SCANNER on the stick you can help your friends to see how much malware and viruses their windows computers are suffering from.  Pay close attention as most of these are password stealers and scamware, so your friends will thank you when they see how much danger they are in.  My guess is they'd pay you to install Ubuntu for them.  It can be great fun. (or profitable) but at present I don't even charge for this simple service.


Adding lenses and scopes to Unity in Ubuntu 14.04 Ok, so I've recently gone through this post, and want to add some of the scopes mentioned there. I wanted to add the scope for Wikipedia, so I used the following code :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:scopes-packagers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install unity-lens-wikipedia

I can add the ppa and run the update just fine.
But when I install the lens, the terminal pops out this :

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package unity-lens-wikipedia

What is it exactly that I'm missing out here? Any ideas?

visit Ubuntu Updates

Package unity-lens-wikipedia is not released for trusty (14.04) yet.

Also visit this and Head packages for update.


3D graphics don't work with Sis Mirage graphics chip I wanted to test Ubuntu 11.04 on my fujitsu siemens esprimo mobile v5535 laptop but on first boot i get the message: "Sorry, you don't have 3d support, install it for your graphic hardware to get Unity or please reboot and select 'Classic session' at startup."

I had Windows 7 on this laptop and all the visual effects worked just fine. Does anyone knows where can i get drivers that support 3D?

You can't. This laptop uses a Sis MIrage 3 driver. There are no 3D linux drivers for it rigth now.

According to some quick research this laptop has a SiS Mirage 3+ Graphics chip.

Read here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=9937432&postcount=5

You will need to download and install the driver manually; the graphics chip you have is not well supported in Linux.


dv6000 wireless card wont turn on in 11.04 Possible Duplicate:
  How can I get Broadcom BCM4311 Wireless working?

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Just installed 11.04 beta 2 on my HP dv6000 laptop with broadcom wireless. Drivers are installed and system says they are "currently in use" but I can't get wireless to turn on or connect, in 10.10 it did it automatically. Is there a way to turn it on that I'm just missing because of new system?
i just copied and pasted some one who has the same problem as

Am using the same model because my girlfriend has the same one. Am using Ubuntu 11.04 100% RELEASE EDITION not BETA. It is working perfect so i highly recommend to install Ubuntu 11.04 which was released already. Do not update from Beta to Final Release just to avoid any problem, Just install it from scratch.


Do I need to add a boot parameter to work around this kernel power bug on a Sony Vaio VPC-EH1S0E? If i with

dmesg | grep -i aspm

have this:

[    0.503709] ACPI FADT declares the system doesn't support PCIe ASPM, so disable it
[    0.673564] ACPI _OSC control for PCIe not granted, disabling ASPM

I've read that is a bug in the Linux kernel and I've also read that there is a workaround but I don't know if I have to apply this workaround or not.

So do I have to add pcie_aspm=force to grub2?

Ok, i've add "pcie_aspm=force" and i've gained 20 minutes :)
So if someone have a Sony Vaio VPC-EH1S0E can easily add the parameter to the grub line in this way:

sudo nano -w /etc/default/grub

and where there is this line:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"

change it into:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash pcie_aspm=force"

You can also check the power consumption with powertop:

sudo apt-get install powertop

and then:
    sudo powertop
My battery consumption was decreased from 20.1W to 15.3W :)

Andrew Wyatt's blog post About the Kernel 3.0 "Power Regression" Myth explains well about kernel regression and aspm issue. May be it would be of some help.


Just updated Ubuntu to 11.04 and my wired internet is down! Help? Okay, I just updated Ubuntu to 11.04 and my wired internet connection is down.  The old setup used a static IP, but I'm not even interested in maintaining that.  I just want wired internet access.  Here's the extent of my troubles as cataloged thus far:

No Wired Internet (wireless works fine)
No Networking icon w/out running nm-applet from terminal (it goes away again when I close the terminal
When I DO run nm-applet and click on the networking icon at the top of the screen "wired network" is greyed out, and right below that it says "device not managed".

Problem solved.  I edited /etc/network/interfaces which looked like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

 auto eth0
 iface eth0 inet dhcp

to look like this:

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

 auto eth0
 iface eth0 inet static
     address 192.168.1.115
     network 192.168.1.2
     netmask 255.255.255.0

I'm not sure how it should have been correctly setup for dhcp, but what I have now seems to work fine, so I'll stick w/ that.

make sure your account is an Administrator.  By default the account you create when installing the OS is given "custom" permissions, which does not grant you the ability to change the system's settings.  You do not have to log in as root to elevate your permissions.


Is possible to upgrade openssh-server OpenSSH_7.6p1, to OpenSSH_8.0p1? Tried to install OpenSSH_8.0p1 but installed OpenSSh Client only.

sudo apt install openssl-server Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package openssl-server

To upgrade openssh from 7.6 to 8.0 on Ubuntu 18.04 (bionic), I followed the instructions given here: How to Install OpenSSH 8.0 Server from Source in Linux.
The version I started with:
$ ssh -V
OpenSSH_7.6p1 Ubuntu-4ubuntu0.3, OpenSSL 1.0.2n  7 Dec 2017

Here are the commands to upgrade:
sudo apt update
sudo apt install build-essential zlib1g-dev libssl-dev
sudo mkdir /var/lib/sshd
sudo chmod -R 700 /var/lib/sshd/
sudo chown -R root:sys /var/lib/sshd/
wget -c https://cdn.openbsd.org/pub/OpenBSD/OpenSSH/portable/openssh-8.4p1.tar.gz
tar -xzf openssh-8.4p1.tar.gz
cd openssh-8.4p1/
sudo apt install libpam0g-dev libselinux1-dev
./configure --with-kerberos5 --with-md5-passwords --with-pam --with-selinux --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd/ --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh
make
sudo make install

Then opened a new terminal and ran:
$ ssh -V
OpenSSH_8.4p1, OpenSSL 1.1.1  11 Sep 2018

Refer to the above answer, although the "ssh -V" shows correctly but 'telnet' keep to shows the old one. After a short searching, found that the sshd (service) keep as the version, so I did below :
sudo cd /usr/sbin
sudo mv sshd sshd.bak   #make a copy before overwrite
sudo cp /usr/local/sbin/sshd .
Using "telnet" now should already response the updated version but for safety, reboot server is recommanded. (I am using ubuntu 16.X version.)
Thanks a lot.


How to set up the Alcatel OneTouch x602d modem? I have a 3G modem: Alcatel OneTouch x602d and I have installed the latest usb-modeswitch so it doesn't work like a CD or USB any more, but I don't know how to set up the modem itself.

There is no driver available from the manufacturer.

Here is the hardware info:

bilal@bilal-Compaq-Mini-311-1000:~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0408:0ff1 Quanta Computer, Inc.
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
Bus 001 Device 009: ID 1bbb:022c T & A Mobile Phones
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub
bilal@bilal-Compaq-Mini-311-1000:~$

Original link: http://paste.ubuntu.com/9967504/

The device we're talking about is the Bus 001 Device 009: ID 1bbb:022c T & A Mobile Phones

How should I proceed?

How to properly use your modem?

Please, never install drivers included in USB 3G Modems. Just install Modem Manager GUI. This will handle your modem, allowing internet connection, receive SMS and more.

Why not to install included drivers?

The included drivers, could cause several and serious stability problems in your system, like breaking the Network Manager, or internet connection service permanently. Also, will introduce hard to debug behavior when something goes wrong, like a faulty or intermittent internet connection.

Simply follow the following steps:

Step 1:

Plug the usb into your computer.

Step 2:

Wait 1 minute for the drivers to install.

Step 3:

Select the two arrow (one pointing up one down) on the taskbar at the top of the screen.

Step 4:

Select your internet connection.

Step 5:

Enter password.

Step 6:

Your now connected to the internet.


Guest Ubuntu cannot connect to the internet on VirtualBox, bridged I have few VMs with Ubuntu 12.04 nad 12.10 and I'm using them in different networks (at home and at work). At work I'm using wireless connection and at home I have cable.

I'm using bridged mode and ubutnu can't handle it very well, because sometimes VM gets IP address, but I can't ping anything in the internet or even in my local network network. Both cards support bridged mode. Host is Windows 7 64bts. VMs are also 64 bits. Sometimes when I'll reboot VM, everything seems ok.

Any tips?

Edit:

I'm starting Ubutnu VM at work and internet connection is working.
Everything is fine. Bridged adapter is wireless card.
I'm going home and launch this same machine, but before that I
change bridge adapter to my cable network card.
VM gets IP address, everything seems ok, besides network is not working. I can't even ping my router and I got IP from it (DHCP).

The question is simple,

Ubuntu 12.10
Sun Virtual Box can not get network connection if set up to use bridged adaptor.
I have the same issue.  NAT connection work fine.
I need Bridged or go back to ubuntu 10.10 where this all worked...

Thanks


Which version of Ubuntu will work on my PowerPC? I'm using iMac PowerPC G5 1.8 GHz, 1GB RAM, 160GB HDD, and 10.5.4 Leopard OS.

I want to run Ubuntu on my iMac. Please can anyone tell me which version will run in my system?

See: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/13.04/release/ and all the options that have powerpc in the name.

Desktop:

ubuntu-13.04-desktop-powerpc.iso Desktop image for Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) computers (standard download)
ubuntu-13.04-desktop-powerpc.iso.torrent Desktop image for Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) computers (BitTorrent download)

Server:

ubuntu-13.04-server-powerpc.iso. Server install image for Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) computers (standard download)
ubuntu-13.04-server-powerpc.iso.torrent. Server install image for Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) computers (BitTorrent download)
ubuntu-13.04-server-powerpc.jigdo. Server install image for Mac (PowerPC) and IBM-PPC (POWER5) computers (jigdo download)

Optional:

Ubuntu 12.10 can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/releases/12.10/release/
Ubuntu 12.04 LTS can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/12.04/release/
lUbuntu 13.04 can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/13.04/release/ and 12.10 here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/lubuntu/releases/12.10/release/
xUbuntu 13.04 can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/13.04/release/ and 12.10 can be found here http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/xubuntu/releases/12.10/release/

And if you want to be even more adventurous:

All releases can be found here: http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/

Just make sure you pick a download that has "powerpc" in it. All of those will work on your system so it is basically your choice in what you desktop you want (or even no desktop).

Notice that Many of the above URL are no longer available as of Feb 2020. Here is my recent experience: my hdw: powerpc G4 5,3 I located (feb 2020) a 12.04 Ubuntu version (net version, i.e. 'mini' iso) for ppc, loaded it, burned a DVD, booted with 'C' key hold and it eventually worked.

I selected the 'expert' install, next selected Lubuntu as desktop. Initially the wifi didn't work. I simply used this excellent reference to identify my wifi card and load the right driver: Wifi configuration

Of course many web tools are outdated (don't expect to use Youtube by example) but, as a 'rescueomputer' it's nice.  I previously tried mint 16.04 but I didn't succeed to make it working. Of course many web tools are outdated (don't expect to use Youtube by example) but, as a 'rescueomputer' it's nice.


Bash Recursive Script Failure I build the script that is mandatory for use in GUI interface (for a reason).
The script is designed to relaunch itself in gnome terminal in all conditions.
The basic stub of the script is looking like that:
if [[ $1 = "-tl" ]]
then
    read VARIABLE

    #PERFORM SOME AWESOME STUFF :)

else
    gnome-terminal -x bash -c "${PWD}/the-script -tl"
fi

The script by default might be launched by "Execute in Terminal" command of Nautilus etc. or by the command line (see shell).
Once the script is launched, it designed to relaunch itself back in Gnome Terminal in any conditions.
The problem goes while the script is mooved outside the user directory, it runs and stops immidiately, popping up the terminal window for a second (while correctly relaunched, it must at least stop by the read variable command).
Using string like that achieves same result:
gnome-terminal -x bash -c "./the-script -tl"

Making the bash directly treat the argument as bash script name instead of command, gives correct result outside user directory, but has broken functionality back in user dir:
gnome-terminal -x bash "${PWD}/the-script" -tl

It turns out that both solutions are not universal!

The first line should be
if [[ $1 == "-tl" ]]

...otherwise you are setting the value of $1.
And the term line should be
gnome-terminal -x "$0" -tl

...$0 is the path to the running script


I am getting Input/output error while opening a folder in 12.04 I am getting Input/output error while opening a folder in 12.04. Also, I am not able to see file in another folder.

I am getting below error. Please help me recovering the folder.

Error: Error when getting information for file '/media/Data/softwares/windows': Input/output error
Please select another viewer and try again.

It is likely that your Data disk may be dying or at least have it's filesystem corrupted (which, again, is often a symptom of the disk dying).

Firstly make sure you have backups of all important data on that disk.

Then you can check S.M.A.R.T. status of the drive and run self-checks. If the checks say the drive is OK then run a filesystem check utility, depending on the type of filesystem you have on that drive.

Read the wikipedia article
Install smartmontools package
Read Ubuntu wiki
Run "long" or "extended" test on the drive with sudo smartctl -t long /dev/sdX, wait for it to finish, see if the test completes successfully, possibly paste the output of sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdX here

It could mean that the directory is FRAGMENTED or that the Hard-Disk isn't reading right from the surface and it wont load the folder. This happens to me sometimes try re-installing ubuntu


Problems with booting without USB support from BIOS I have installed Xubuntu 12.04 in an 60 GB USB 2.0 external HDD. I have been using that rather than my desktop.

Recently I found myself in a fairly remote part of a third world country, with a very unreliable internet connections, a few laptops -- none of which boots off a USB. I did not expect that; it made things very difficult for me because I rely a lot on what I have in the xubuntu in my HD.

Upon my return I have been looking for a solution to the problem of booting my HD when there is no BIOS support for USBs. I ran into plop. I copied the plop boot manager to a CD but it did not recognize my external HD.

I also tried plopkexec. plopkexec recognizes my flashdrive containing Knoppix and can boot that up. But it does not recognize the ext HD containing the Xubuntu.

I am not much of a tech head. Can someone please explain why plopkexec cannot detect my ext HD, but can detect and boot the Knoppix rescue system in the USB flash drive?

Does anyone know of an alternative to plopkexec that I can use to boot the external HD?

I am under the impression that Linux boot disks and/or rescue disks should be able to boot my external USB HD regardless of BIOS support. Can someone recommend any that can actually do it. Despite much googling, I haven't found any that actually highlights the feature.

I also tried plop and plopkexec to boot Ubuntu 12.04 installed on ext4 filesystem on USB3 disk
Ubuntu boots from disk on USB2 port but the disk is not listed when connected to USB3 port.
The disk has also ntfs partitions.
This is why I tried plop
Not sure why plop doesn't boot from USB3 disk
When using plpopkexec "View Log" indicates USB3 disk is found and partitions are listed
but plopkexec log indicates the mount fails on all partitions.
I guess it is because FS supported by plopkexec (version 0.3) are only ext2, ext3 and vfat (according to source). There is no such partiton on my disk

Hope this can help


Error installing OCI8 on Ubuntu 14.04 I've just upgraded my VM to Ubuntu 14.04, and my OCI8 PHP driver has stopped working.

I've tried to install/upgrade it, but it doesn't work. That's the error messages I get:

marc@sf2:/build/buildd/php5-5.5.9+dfsg/pear-build-download$ sudo pecl install oci8
downloading oci8-2.0.8.tgz ...
Starting to download oci8-2.0.8.tgz (190,854 bytes)
.........................................done: 190,854 bytes
could not extract the package.xml file from "/build/buildd/php5-5.5.9+dfsg/pear-build-download/oci8-2.0.8.tgz"
Download of "pecl/oci8" succeeded, but it is not a valid package archive
Error: cannot download "pecl/oci8"
Download failed
install failed

I've "untared" the file oci8-2.0.8.tgz without problems and the package.xml is there... What can I do to fix this? Must I revert to Ubuntu 13.10? Because I need oci8 for my job to be done...

Thanks for your help!

EDIT:
I've found the problem: PECL isn't working on Ubuntu 14.04 and OCI8 must be installed from source or using a phar package. I'm still looking for information about how to install it.

EDIT 2:
I've found it!

Download and extract the oci8 library from PECL repository (http://pecl.php.net/package/oci8)
Run the phpize command to create the build scripts
With the InstantClient installed, run ./configure -with-oci8=shared,instantclient,$ORACLE_HOME
Finally, run a make install and /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

All this information is taken from the PHP OCI8 Installation Guide (http://php.net/manual/en/oci8.installation.php)

mHouses, you are my hero.
I spent 4 hours yesterday trying to install pecl_http-1.7.6 on my 32 bit ubuntu 14.04 with no avail.
Your instructions worked perfect for me, too.

all I had to do was changing your

"./configure -with-oci8=shared,instantclient,$ORACLE_HOME"

to a simple

"./configure"

Thanks a lot for sharing your knowledge

Latest PHP version has them built-in but installation of these extensions from pecl is mostly failed.

Best way is compile & install the extensions from PHP source

See my blog on this problem for more detail: http://itblog.study.land/how-to-install-php5-pdo_oci-oci8-and-other-extensions-for-ubuntu/


How to delete History in terminal I'm new here in Linux. I'd Installed an Ubuntu and I don't know how to delete a history in Terminal. Can you help me?

Delete the file .bash_history in your home directory.

Enter this command

cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history && history -c && exit

You must use history -c because the history will come back after re-login. The history entries have a copy in the memory and it will flush back to the file when you log out.

/dev/null is a special system file that its content is null. So if you throw it into ~/.bash_history, it will completely remove the history of bash contained in ~/.bash_history. By default, standard users of Ubuntu are set to use bash shell.


Something made all text really small - font and size settings, dpi seem ok After booting my pc up I noticed that the fonts on the login screen on my Lubuntu 13.04 are tiny. After logging in I noticed window titles being tiny and default font sizes in apps too such as Skype or LXterminal - unreadable even.
Fontsize was Ubuntu 11 as usual - changed everything to size 14 but it only changed titles and they are still smaller than they used to be.

Looking for others having similar problems, I found this command:

xdpyinfo | grep resolution
resolution:    59x60 dots per inch

which seems totally ok.

By the way Chromium is unaffected besides the title bar and menu.

What can I do?

And the culprit was...  nvidia-310.
Switching over to Nouveau fixed it and made everything superbig at 14 (as it should be). Changed fonts back to 11 and all is good.

You'll never believe this but get its true...

I have spent MONTHS AND MONTHS AND MONTHS trying to fix this issue, happened with ubuntu lubuntu lubuntu xubuntu every ubuntu derivate out there, but didnt with manjaro. I liked manjaro but there was essential software which I needed which I couldn't find, so I neede to use a *buntu, but after installing nvidia drivers I had your issue. I tried all of them the newest the oldest the legacy ones, all did this weird text thing. I need nvidia proprietary drivers for usig opengl applications btw. A few hours ago I didn't have enough USB ports for something to plug in to my PC. I unplugged my webcam to make space. I rebooted my system for the other thing, and my ubuntu came up with the logo (normally has this weird code about frequencies and not being able to set them) so I thought okay. Logged in as normal and I saw that the fonts were back to normal!!! The applications also weren't in a kind of fallback mode which there were in as well! So unplug your webcam (if you have one) and see what happens! I've also heard unplugging any microphones you might have as well as they also cause this issue! Good luck :) you can also reinstall the nvidia drivers and have no issues....


Reuse the `apt up` part of the `apt update` and `apt upgrade` commands to execute both in sequence in just one line How to reuse the apt up part of the apt update and apt upgrade commands to execute both commands in sequence in just one line without an alias.

Something like: apt up{date,grade}.

The simple way ( and more efficient) is via for loop (on one line but here it's shown in multiple lines for clarity):

for i in {date,grade}; do
     apt up${i}
done

The smart way is to make an alias in ~/.bashrc for these two commands and forget about retyping it ever again:

alias upgrade=' sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade'

The elaborate way is to do this:

$ echo sudo" "apt" "up{"date","grade"}" && " :
sudo apt update &&  sudo apt upgrade &&  :

See what's happening ? We're building a valid string of text to be run by shell. Now all you need to do is to use eval instead of echo. But eval is generally not recommended in shell scripting and this command is much more convoluted and non portable than the for loop. Variation on the theme without eval (and shortest so far, but not efficient due to pipe and multiple commands echo,two apt,sudo and sh so lots of forking):

$ echo "apt "{update,upgrade}";"|sudo sh

We can also use set to turn the desired sequence into positional parameters and just execute apt with $1 and $2 args:

$ set {update,upgrade}; echo apt $1 && echo apt $2
apt update
apt upgrade

Or alternatively use for loop again, since it defaults to processing positional parameters if you don't specify a sequence in the for variable (sequence)

$ set {update,upgrade} ; for i; do echo apt $i ;done
apt update
apt upgrade

Using set is a very common technique I see among professionals who work with shells a lot, and for a good reason - this is very portable and will work in /bin/sh where you have no arrays or {a,b,c} expansion. So POSIX-ly portable way would be set update upgrade ; for i; do echo apt $i ;done. Additionally, this should be efficient.

Or we can go the while loop route:

$ echo {date,$'\n',grade}|while read i;do echo apt up${i}; done
apt update
apt upgrade

Of course remember to run it without echo for actual command execution to take place

I resuse the apt-get up part of the command using the following key sequence:

Up ArrowBackspaceBackspaceBackspaceBackspace


Is there a Tomboy fork which allows embedding images (or files)? Is there an application that works exactly like Tomboy which allows you to embed images (or files)into the notes? Not links to the images, but actually in the note itself.

I don't believe there is a fork of Tomboy that will enable you to insert images.

However, if you are looking for a similar note-keeping software then can I recommend KeepNote.  This will work on Ubuntu as well as Windows.

Here is a screen-shot - note the ability to embed images directly into the note.

tomboy does not allow to insert images, but there is and add-in for inserting latex equations. With keepnote you can insert images, but you can not write equations.


pip3 missing dependency I've installed the latest Ubuntu Gnome today, and was setting-up my machine for data science-related work. When I tried installing tensorflow-gpu, I ran into a crash from pip3:

me@pc:~/Desktop$ pip3
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 33, in vendored
    __import__(vendored_name, globals(), locals(), level=0)
ImportError: No module named 'pip._vendor.pkg_resources'

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 9, in <module>
    from pip import main
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/__init__.py", line 13, in <module>
    from pip.exceptions import InstallationError, CommandError, PipError
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/exceptions.py", line 6, in <module>
    from pip._vendor.six import iteritems
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 75, in <module>
    vendored("pkg_resources")
  File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip/_vendor/__init__.py", line 36, in vendored
    __import__(modulename, globals(), locals(), level=0)
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 969, in _find_and_load
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 958, in _find_and_load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 664, in _load_unlocked
  File "<frozen importlib._bootstrap>", line 634, in _load_backward_compatible
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2927, in <module>
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2913, in _call_aside
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in _initialize_master_working_set
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 956, in subscribe
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2952, in <lambda>
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2515, in activate
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2097, in declare_namespace
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2047, in _handle_ns
  File "/usr/share/python-wheels/pkg_resources-0.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl/pkg_resources/__init__.py", line 2066, in _rebuild_mod_path
AttributeError: '_NamespacePath' object has no attribute 'sort'

I tried purging python3-pip and reinstalling, still does not work. I get the above just by running pip3 in the terminal and hitting ENTER.

Any ideas?

EDIT: Also the two paths are different for pip and pip3:

me@pc:~$ which pip
/home/me/.local/bin/pip
me@pc:~$ which pip3
/usr/bin/pip3

I fixed this by creating a new virtual environment

A new virtual environment can be created by:

python3 -m venv /tmp/newvenv

Then I checked if pip works ok in the new virtual environment:

cd /tmp/newvenv/bin
./pip3

This gave me the normal message as in the following:

Usage:
  pip  [options]

Commands:

install                     Install packages.

download                    Download packages.

...

However, pip3 still has failed.

    pip3

This still gave me the error message.

Then I decided to copy working versions of pip to the home directory. For the below two steps (#3 and #4) you may want to keep backup copies.

I have overwritten pip and pip-9.0.1.dist-info from the virtual environment to home directory:

cp -r /tmp/newvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/
cp -r /tmp/newvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pip-9.0.1.dist-info ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/

I also copied the following two files:

cp /tmp/newvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/__init__.py ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/
cp /tmp/newvenv/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/py31compat.py ~/.local/lib/python3.5/site-packages/pkg_resources/

After these steps pip3 is working ok in my case.

Your python setuptools package is broken.

Run sudo apt install python3-setuptools first.

then,

pip3 install --upgrade setuptools
pip3 install --upgrade pip


Dell G3 3590 microphone not working I'm having problems with the internal microphone of my dell G3 for since I installed Linux (first with in Manjaro, and now the same problem in Ubuntu).

Right now: basically the sound is working fine, everything seems ok (despite the fact that there is no detection of input device)

In alsamixer also seem ok with one exception, there is no internal microphone detected

but there is this two input source in the right at alsamixer, I can switch both between "Headset Mic" and "Headphone Mic" which dos not affect anything at first when I switch between then.

I tried to use audacity to test the mic and see if I could get any sound at all, I can control this options of mic

If I select any of the HDA Intel PCH: ALC3254 Analog I get no sound, and if I select any of the Alt Analog I get a static noise, what is curious about it is that in the DELL's website in windows drivers you can find this "Realtek ALC3254 High Definition Audio Codec Driver".

At this point I noticed another thing, if I connect a headset things start to change, in the settings->sound I got two options

If I select in the input device "Headset Microphone - built-in Audio" everything works normally, but if I select "Microphone - Built-in Audio" then everything just mute, I can't hear anything from the computer and audacity changes too, now only the "Alt Analog" inputs got available, and all of them just output static.

A thing that I notice is that in dell's website there is a mention that this laptop has two microphone input,

My guess is: Somehow the way that they assemble these two microphones kinda bug everything.

Do you have any ideas how can I solve it?

edit1: I tried update the bios, but no success. A curious thing that i notice in the Pulse Audio Volume Control->Input Devices there is a "Monitor of Build-in Audio Analog Stereo" which is playing the same thing that the Volume Control->Output Devices "Speakers".

quick update 06/01/20
i try call the dell technical services and they basically said that once you buy a product with a operational system, they cannot provide you ANY support to other operational system even though they have all that is needed to.
i have a friend who bought a G3 with Ubuntu standard, and i'll try to "pirate" a copy of dell recovery tools for Ubuntu, from him service tag and i'll update you guys here.

If you were able to achieve static noise while recording, you were close to victory. You just had to change the sampling rate using console commands.

I had the same problem. The only solution I found was to reinstall the system with dell's ISO.

I know it's not the best solution. But I really didn't find another one.

  Dell Linux Recovery Image Create Linux installation media for your
  Dell device. Need to install or reinstall Linux on you Dell
  system? Download a Dell ISO recovery image file and use the Dell
  OS Recovery Tool to create a bootable USB drive.

  What you will need

  The Service Tag or product ID of the device you need a recovery image for.
  A hard drive or removable media with access rights and at least 8GB of available data storage space for the download.
  A blank USB drive with at least 8GB of space to create the installation media.
  Preview the instructions before you begin.

Reference


How can I check the available version of a package in the repositories? How can I check the version of the available package in the Ubuntu repositories without installing it?

Use the command:

apt-cache policy <packageName>

This gives you information of all available package versions.

Example:

alaa@aa-lu:~$ apt-cache policy vlc
vlc:
  Installed: 2.0.8-0ubuntu0.13.04.1
  Candidate: 2.0.8-0ubuntu0.13.04.1
  Version table:
 *** 2.0.8-0ubuntu0.13.04.1 0
        500 http://ae.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-updates/universe i386 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring-security/universe i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2.0.6-1 0
        500 http://ae.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ raring/universe i386 Packages

From the output, you can see that there are two versions available: 2.0.8-0ubuntu0.13.04.1 and 2.0.6-1. It also tells you which repositories they are coming from.
Installed: tells you the version you have installed. If you don't have the package installed, you'll see (none).
Candidate: is the version that will be installed if you use apt-get install vlc. If you want to install the other version, you would do apt-get install vlc=2.0.6-1.

Here's another way:

sudo apt-get -s install --only-upgrade <package-name>

The above method only works if run with sudo.


how to detremine why unrar is failing // file name restrictions I installed ? (at least I hope so !!) unrar with

sudo apt-get install unrar-free

I tried from Archive Manager
Archive Manager displays the existence of files inside the Archive.rar
After the "Extract" command, it show as a dialog "extraction completed successfully"
but nothing seem to happen, the extracted file can not be found

I did a try with command line in Terminal
providing full path of the Archive
the result given is "Failed"

are there file name restrictions in place ?? or maybe I make some other mistake ?
is there another application able to unrar files  / able to handle Archive.rar  using a graphical interface  ?

Emma

I believe unrar is command line only but you may want to install Xarchiver

You can find it in the software center.

Or install from the command line with:

sudo apt-get install xarchiver


ubuntu 14.04 Windows transparency I've searched alot but didn't find anywhere, I loved my windows transparency in ubuntu 13.10 (that you could enable by opening dconf editor going to org > compiz > gwd )
And it doesn't seem to work now in ubuntu 14.04 is there another way to make my windows borders transparent? (like that gedit border http://www.techsupportalert.com/files/images/Aero-Glass-Effect-200-151.png)

Transparency requires desktop compositing to work properly.

Install compizconfig-settings-manager and make sure that 'Composite' under the 'general' category is enabled.

This is a wrong info. unity is nothing to do with compoziting anymore basicly the answer to this topic should be: as long as you choose using unity desktop there is no way to enable transparent windows borders because with this ubuntu lts version dconf editor is simply useless and even not necessary.


Can't find ssl_crtd (Squid3?) Needed to prepare cert cache for SSL bumping.  What package is this in?  I'm using the 3.3.4-1~precise1~ppa1 version from ppa:dirk-computer42/c42-backport because of bug #1175049. but it doesn't appear to be in the main versin (squid3_3.1.19-1ubuntu3.12.04.2_amd64.deb) either (nor squid3-common).

I am on Arch Linux, but I eventually found it in /usr/lib/squid/ssl_crtd after installing squid.


How to reset python path to /usr/bin/python? I was following certain instructions to install a package and ended up installing another version of python and creating symbolic links (the names I can't recall). Now when I hit python from terminal,  it is pointing to /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7. I need to reset the default python to /usr/bin/python. How to do that?

$ which python
/usr/bin/python
$ whereis python
python: /usr/bin/python2.7-config /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python /etc/python2.7 /etc/python /usr/lib/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python2.7-config /usr/bin/X11/python2.7 /usr/bin/X11/python /usr/local/bin/python2.7 /usr/local/lib/python2.7 /usr/include/python2.7 /usr/share/python /usr/share/man/man1/python.1.gz
$
$ python
bash: /usr/local/python2.7/bin/python2.7: No such file or directory
$
$ /usr/bin/python
Python 2.7.3 (default, Dec 18 2014, 19:10:20)
[GCC 4.6.3] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

$ sudo rm /usr/bin/python
$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/python2.7 /usr/bin/python

try to update the $PATH again in .bashrc (even if its defined in $PATH)
That way the order of the PATH will be changed indirectly and first /usr/bin/ is chosen only then it will go to /usr/local/bin

PATH=/usr/bin:$PATH


Ubuntu 14.04 VM kernel panics once every ~5-9 days on Hyper-V I have an x64 Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS virtual machine running the hardware monitoring and status software Nagios. The VM seems to be kernel panicking once every 5-9 days. I am unable to pin down the cause.

I am currently the only person that uses Nagios on this machine. When it kernel panics, it's not being used by anybody (and to my knowledge, not doing much else besides receiving monitoring updates from other computers). Additionally, the VM is only available on the local network, and I've regularly kept everything up-to-date using apt-get update and apt-get upgrade.

The link below shows two images showing the screen when the VM kernel panics. Every kernel panic seems to be a slight variation of one of these two images:

http://i.imgur.com/cFIBmWS.png

The VM runs on Hyper-V on a computer with Windows Server 2012 Standard installed. However, the server runs 6 other VMs without incident (including Ubuntu 12.04 and CentOS 6 VMs).

Is it possible that Hyper-V integration services or drivers are at fault? I keep seeing hv_storvsc and references to Hyper-V in the kernel panics and am wondering if the Hyper-V drivers in 14.04 are subpar or have known issues.

The VM has been in operation for about 1.5 years, but these problems have only started surfacing a few months ago, if I recall correctly.

Additional information about the virtual machine:

1 virtual processor assigned
1024MB RAM
Hard drive on IDE Controller 0
Virtual hard disk resides on the server's C:\ drive
All integration services are enabled for the VM, including: operating system shutdown, time synchronization, data exchange, heartbeat, backup (volume snapshot)
Replication is enabled to a server in the same rack with identical hardware

Additional information about the host server that runs Hyper-V:

Powershell script runs every night that runs Windows Backup on all VMs to a local external hard drive
Motherboard: http://www.newegg.com/Product/Product.aspx?Item=N82E16813128577
CPU: AMD A8-5600K quad-core 3.6GHz CPU
RAM: 32GB (4x 8GB) CORSAIR Vengeance DDR3 1866
All RAM has been tested thoroughly with memtest86+
System has been stress tested with Prime95
System has been in operation for about 2.5 years
2x 1TB HDs set up in RAID1 using the motherboard's onboard RAID controller
Raid software has not given any indication of problems with the array

Any help would be appreciated. I've been Googling around for days and haven't come up with any reasonable theories. Thanks!

I made this experience with some specific kernel version. Upgrading to newer kernel version or going back to older kernel version fixed it for me.


"You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run: libc.so.6" The common fixes don't work, So I know this is a problem that has been asked around a lot, but I've tried a bunch of solutions with no success. I'm running Ubuntu 12.04 (64 bit), and I just installed it yesterday. This is my first time working with linux.

The error is: You are missing the following 32-bit libraries, and Steam may not run:
libc.so.6

Things I've tried. First, I had downloaded from the steam website. I uninstalled it, and tried again from the ubuntu software centre.

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
sudo apt-get upgrade

This installed a bunch of the 32 bit libraries, but did not fix the issue. This seems like the major fix for most people. The direct approach of

sudo apt-get install libc.so.6

returns this:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package libc.so.6
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'libc.so.6'

I guess libc.so.6 isn't a package, just a single file or something? I also tried

gksudo gedit /etc/ld.so.conf.d/steam.conf

Added these two lines, those the second one was all ready in the file, but copied over:

/usr/lib32
/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa

Then executed:

sudo ldconfig

But nothing seemed to happen, steam still doesn't work.

So, I feel like it is more likely that I have the library and steam isn't looking in the right place. One thing I've seen is people usually reference /usr/local/lib/ for your library locations. However, I can't find where to cd into /usr/, it isn't in my home folder. If /usr/ is the home folder, there is only a /.local folder which only has /share, no lib anywhere. Sorry for my linux ignorance.

I appreciate any help, I honestly have no idea how to confirm I have the library and point steam to it, or if that is even the right thing to do.

Edit: Tried this, not entirely sure what it means

~$ ls -l /lib32/libc*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 1721832 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libc-2.15.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  185928 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcidn-2.15.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      15 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcidn.so.1 -> libcidn-2.15.so
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   34316 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcrypt-2.15.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      16 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libcrypt.so.1 -> libcrypt-2.15.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root      12 Sep 30 11:06 /lib32/libc.so.6 -> libc-2.15.so

Can you try this command:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386

then retry these commands:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ia32-libs
sudo apt-get upgrade

Also, you can try

sudo apt-get install libc-bin:i386

sudo apt-get install curl
sudo apt-get install jockey-common


System does not boot anymore after dpkg repair packages I succeeded to dual-boot Ubuntu over my Windows on my Alienware 14 (GTX 765M, i7, 8Go RAM).
However,I did something wrong when trying to fix the packages using the dpkg repair (When booting in the recovery menu, by launching "dpkg Repair broken packages").
Now, when I boot selecting Ubuntu from the boot menu, I simply obtain a purple screen, without loading, and it is never ending (it seems to be actually).
Do you have any idea to fix this problem ? Is it necessary to use my mounted USB in order to fix this ?
EDIT:
I successfully launched Ubuntu from the recovery menu by selecting a previous kernel version. However,  my Ubuntu just failed while trying to access settings and I was unable to even download a package as my dpkg is not configured anymore.
I found something very weird, that I show you on the below screen (I could not take a screenshot I am sorry for that)

Hi you could try "Ctr + Alt + F1". This could/should give you a command line.
From there you could do "sudo apt-get update" and "sudo apt-get upgrade"  or
whatever is necessary.


Is there any medium to easily backup my files in Ubuntu? I would like to know about how to easily backup my files.

Deja Dup is a simple backup tool and it is installed by default on Ubuntu.

You can find it by searching for Deja Dup in the dash.


Why can't I install "ia32-libs" (no candidate)? I want to install eagle cadsoft 6.2.0 on Ubuntu 11.10, eagle is 32bit compatible so I need to install ia32-libs but its giving the following error:

Package ia32-libs is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'ia32-libs' has no installation candidate

after using the command sudo apt-cache search ia32 I got this:

grub-efi - GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (dummy package)
grub-efi-ia32 - GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (EFI-IA32 version)
grub-efi-ia32-bin - GRand Unified Bootloader, version 2 (EFI-IA32 binaries)
lsb-core - Linux Standard Base 4.0 core support package
lsb-cxx - Linux Standard Base 4.0 C++ support package
lsb-desktop - Linux Standard Base 4.0 Desktop support package
lsb-graphics - Linux Standard Base 4.0 graphics support package
lsb-printing - Linux Standard Base 4.0 Printing package
elilo - Bootloader for systems using EFI-based firmware
libasm0 - Disassembling engine provided to the ERESI framework
libasm0-dev - Disassembling engine provided to the ERESI framework
lsb-languages - Linux Standard Base 4.0 Runtime Languages package
lsb-multimedia - Linux Standard Base 4.0 Multimedia package
lsb-qt4 - Linux Standard Base 4.0 Qt4 support package
refit - graphical boot menu for ia32 and x64 EFI systems
ia32-libs-multiarch - Multi-arch versions of former ia32-libraries
microcode.ctl - Intel IA32/IA64 CPU Microcode Utility

please help.

You are already on a 32-bit system!

ia32-libs, or 32-bit compatibility libraries for 64-bit systems, is only available in the amd64 repositories, i.e. if you are using a 64-bit version of Ubuntu.
You only get the "no installation candidate" error if you are already on a 32-bit system.
As this page shows, it is available for Ubuntu 11.10 64-bit.

You can run "32-bit compatible" packages such as Eagle Cadsoft on a 32-bit Ubuntu system without needing to install ia32-libs. (Just try it :-)

Try with:

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs-multiarch


BQ Aquaris M10 will not detect MS Designer keyboard or mouse Brand new M10, done OTA upgrade. Trying to get it work with bluetooth keyboard and mouse.. Nothing detected in bluetooth manager when they in pairing mode. Keyboard and mouse both detcted by my Nexus 5 and 7. M10 detects the 5 and 7, just not keyboard or mouse.
Any suggestions?

As far as I know the Bluetooth facility of the phablet is restricted to connecting just one single device. As a result, you can connect either a BT keyboard or else a BT mouse. Another viable BT solution would be to connect one of those fancy BT keyboards with an integrated touchpad which figures as a single device.


How do I check the version of Ubuntu I am running? How can I check my current Ubuntu version through the command-line and GUI?

As said in the official page, use:
lsb_release -a

Your version appears on the "Description" line. If you just want that line, type lsb_release -d.
If you want to check it through your desktop environment, you can check System Settings → Details, which shows the data like this:

Alternatives are:

hostnamectl
cat /etc/*ease

See a sample output of lsb_release, hostnamectl, and cat /etc/*ease calls:
$ lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS          # <-- here
Release:    16.04
Codename:   xenial

$ lsb_release -d
Description:    Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS

$ hostnamectl
   Static hostname: XXX
         Icon name: computer-desktop
           Chassis: desktop
        Machine ID: 3d6dcfdd7b9f41dbb62b0e8cd75014ae
           Boot ID: 4ff04a6baed54e719592f3255005a235
  Operating System: Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS                # <-- here
            Kernel: Linux 4.10.0-38-generic
      Architecture: x86-64

$ cat /etc/*ease
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=16.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=xenial
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS"  # <--- here
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="16.04.2 LTS (Xenial Xerus)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="16.04"
HOME_URL="http://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="http://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="http://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
VERSION_CODENAME=xenial
UBUNTU_CODENAME=xenial

Executing this in Terminal will give you all of the information you could possibly need:

lsb_release -a

And you can access it in the GUI by going System Settings > Details:


How to change the order of execution of services at startup? I have some services in my init.d folder for e.g. hdfs, zookeeper, elasticsearch, hbase and so on.

Now, I have added all those services to startup by doing the update-rc.d 'service' defaults command. As we know, hbase can't run if hdfs and zookeeper are not started. So I want to start hdfs first, then zookeeper and then finally hbase.

how do I do this?

update-rc.d(8) enables or disables services, while the ordering of services is handled by insserv(8), and can be customized by editing the LSB header of the service and setting/adding:

Required-Start: $all

In oldest versions, i can do something like this to determine the order:

update-rc.d myservice start 95 2 3 4 5 . stop 70 0 1 6 .

But after Ubuntu 14, i tried this Ubuntu 16.04 (4.4.0-31-generic):

update-rc.d myservice defaults 95 70

And doesn't work, always creates the order defined in the header:

 sudo find /etc/ -name ???myservice | sort
/etc/rc0.d/K01myservice
/etc/rc1.d/K01myservice
/etc/rc2.d/S03myservice
/etc/rc3.d/S03myservice
/etc/rc4.d/S03myservice
/etc/rc5.d/S03myservice
/etc/rc6.d/K01myservice

Also al try:

update-rc.d myservice defaults any_text_wath_you_want lalala

Ands seems like ignores all the text after "defaults". I don´t know wath it do when my installation order, I do not think that orders previously installed services.

You can do it by update-rc.d 'service' defaults number where the number is an integer and the lesser the sequence number, the higher the service in the queue i.e it will be executed before other services with a greater sequence number.

The above command will give the same priority for starting as well as killing the service. You can fine tune it further.

So if you have a service which has a lot of dependencies, you can give it a large sequence number to ensure that all of its dependiencies have booted up before it starts itself.


How to get the mime type of a file from the command line? I'm trying to get the mime type of a file from the command line as a printed string (eg. application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet).

I looked up how to do this and found the xdg-mime command.

From reading the man page (man xdg-mime), it seems I should run xdg-mime query filetype FILE. However, when I run this with any file it prints nothing and exits.

Is there a way to fix this? An alternative command?

Use file --mime-type -b filename

Look at file --help for more tips.

xdg-mime and file query different databases (xdg-mime is more comprehensive). See Why the difference between the results with "file --mime-type" and "xdg-mime query filetype"? for more discussion.

xdg-mime does not work correctly from a non-desktop session (e.g. if you're SSH'd into a machine).


How can I create a bootable iso from an extracted Ubuntu 13.04 iso? I have an extracted copy of Ubuntu 13.04 iso (live CD), but if I burn it directly it will not boot. Is there any way to create a bootable iso so that I can burn it to a DVD or USB flash drive?

I tried ISO Master, but it first wanted an iso and allows me to add some more files. Can I use it to create iso only from extracted folders?

To make an ISO from files on your hard drive, you can use the mkisofs command.  To use it, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command(s) below:

mkisofs -o /home/user/Desktop/test/Ubuntu.iso /home/user/Desktop/test

(Using the command above, I have a folder called test in the Desktop folder, which will create the ISO in the same test folder, using only the files in the test folder).

Once created, then you can burn it to a DVD.

Note: This will not create a bootable DVD.  To create a bootable DVD you need to get ISOLINUX, and you still can use mkisofs.

I think the best way is to use Linux Live USB Creator to boot your USB from ubuntu .iso file.
you can download the .exe file from here and if you want to use it in ubuntu, I thimk you can run it with wine


How to remove a menu entry that has no executable How can I remove a menu entry that has been orphaned? The executable command tied to it has been deleted from the system.

I am looking at it with menulibre, but the entry doesn't show up. I am running Xubuntu 16.04 with the whisker menu.

The solution to this was to recreate the exact path structure and names that the missing menu entry was complaining about and from there it is possible to manually delete it with menulibre.