How to configure Apache 2.4.7 on Ubuntu 14.04 64 bit desktop for php development I have installed the Apache 2.4.7, php, mysql and phpmyadmin on ubuntu 14.04. But how do I configure my Apache Root Directory (/var/www/html/) using symbolic link so that it serves up my dynamic pages?

Simply use htaccess file to generate symbolic links. By default it doesn't work with default settings so you need to edit httpd.conf. As far as I remember it was some settings about FollowSymLinks that needs to be altered.

It's a good question.  And I think I know the answer - which is to download the XAMPP package from AppacheFriends.org (here: https://www.apachefriends.org/download.html).  In addition to PHP, MySQL and phpMyAdmin, the package includes OpenSSL, Configuration (or quides for completing FTP access, database backup-restor, subdomains, ... well, here's what they say:

From https://www.apachefriends.org/blog/new_xampp_20141119.html

  The following guides are available for Windows and Linux in the current versions:

  Backup and Restore MySQL Databases
  Configure FTP Access
  Configure Virtual Hosts
  Configure Wildcard-Based Subdomains>
  Deploy an Application Using Git
  Get Started Quickly with WordPress
  Reset the MySQL Root Password
  Send Mail with PHP
  Troubleshoot Apache Startup Problems

  You can download new versions at [i can't post the link, but it's reptetive].

  v5.6.3

  Use PHP version for XAMPP version
  Updated PHP to 5.6.3
  Updated MySQL to 5.6.21
  Updated phpMyAdmin to 4.2.11
  Update OpenSSL to 1.0.1j
  New XAMPP welcome page (beta)

  v5.5.19

  Use PHP version for XAMPP version
  Updated PHP to 5.5.19
  Updated MySQL to 5.6.21
  Updated phpMyAdmin to 4.2.11
  Update OpenSSL to 1.0.1j
  New XAMPP welcome page (beta)

And here is a list of all things included (taken from the 5.5.19 package - I assume they are the same):

  Includes: Apache 2.4.10, MySQL 5.6.21, PHP 5.5.19, phpMyAdmin 4.2.11, OpenSSL 1.0.1, XAMPP Control Panel 3.2.1, Webalizer 2.23-04, Mercury Mail Transport System 4.63, FileZilla FTP Server 0.9.41, Tomcat 7.0.56 (with mod_proxy_ajp as connector), Strawberry Perl 7.0.56 Portable

That's a lot of stuff - all preconfigured to work together in a development environment.

Now, I have not yet installed this on Linux (I'm using Mint 17.1 - and a new convert from WinXP ... so I have plenty to learn and play with before I get into desktop development.  And I can play with a live web site anyway ... keeps me busy enough also.)  But nonetheless ... I know I will want this on the desktop, to play with soon enough.  And I have looked and looked - the XAMPP package is not available as a Ubuntu (and, thus, not as a Mint) package.  Why not!?  (A question I have posed on a Mint forum ... unanswered ... but probably the wrong place to ask it.)

XAMPP comes with all the need elements for desktop development, all preconfigured to work together.  I used it a lot under WinXP ... several versions (and after that, I put up stuff on my web site, live).  XAMPP always worked flawlessly (despite my best efforts to break things).

They also offer a significant number of add-ons - ready to download and develop (Wordpress, Drupal, Joomla, MediaWiki... see: [cant post this linke either, but you can find it.]  This is new!  In my prior efforts, I installed XAMPP and then got packages like those from the source.

So ... I know that this is a tacit violation of Ubuntu protocol (to install outside the package system).  But I don't see my self trying to configure all the packages to work together.  When the time comes, I'm going outside the box and downloading XAMPP.  So, if I was you, I would

Good luck. (i'd be interested to know if you go this route, and how it works.  but I'm confident it would work perfectly.)

dgbutterworth
~ If it ain't broke - try harder!


Why can't I boot the Ubuntu installer CD? I would first like to note that I am using an HP DV6 laptop. I'm currently trying to create a dual operating system on here but the CD won't install anything. Here's the breakdown of what I did and what's happening:

Downloaded a 64-bit and 32-bit version of ubuntu 12.04.
Burned the two versions on two disc.
Put the 64-bit cd in the cd drive.
Turned my computer off and on.
Computer completely ignored my cd and started to load windows 7 automatically.
Replaced disk with 32-bit version.
Turn off and turn on computer.
Same as step 5.

I'm having trouble on trying to figure out what the problem is. Any ideas?

During boot your HP Notebook should display a message stating

Press Esc Key for StartUp Menu

Pressing Esc should show a menu with your boot options.

Select the internal cd/dvd rom drive and it should boot from your cd.

If you want you can also access the BIOS setup through the F10 Key during boot and set your default boot order.

I recommend following this manual from HP, look into Chapter 5.

You have to select uefi mode first in the bios setup then only it will boot from your cd and also make sure that boot from cd mode is enabled. Try these settings boot mode - legacy first, secure boot - disabled.
It will boot very easily.:)


Is there a app like Flux for the Ubuntu Touch? I was wondering if there is a app like i have on my Ubuntu laptop. To add a blue light filter. The program i use on my laptop is called Flux.
Is it possible to install the same app as i installed on my laptop, on my Ubuntu-phone?

Or is there another app that have the same options?

I think this will work.

https://github.com/xflux-gui/xflux-gui

git clone https://github.com/xflux-gui/xflux-gui.git

cd xflux-gui

sudo python setup.py install

Then run from command-line

fluxgui


How do I take root permissions? I've just installed Ubuntu for the first time, and trying to set parameters for web server.
As I've understand I have to place my website inside /var/www/html folder, but I can't even create a file in there. What's the catch? How do I get root permissions?

The accepted answer is not a proper way to do this.

You should read: Whats the simplest way to edit and add files to "/var/www"? and follow the suggestions there.


Migrate from Gnote to Org-mode I have lots of notes in Gnote and I consider to use Org-mode instead. How can I migrate my Gnote notes to Org-mode?

I used https://github.com/StAlphonsos/scriptologie/blob/develop/scripts/tomboy2org.pl which is mentioned in http://orgmode.org/worg/org-tools/.

Here is how to proceed. (Note, however, that you may want to clean out your notes before so that you do not migrate unwanted notes.)

Install the dependencies for running the script:

sudo apt-get install libxml-twig-perl libtext-format-perl

Download the script from https://github.com/StAlphonsos/scriptologie/blob/develop/scripts/tomboy2org.pl.
Close Gnote so that any changes is written to its database.
Run the script. I chose to run the script with the option -notebooks to make one .org file out of each Gnote notebook:

perl tomboy2org.pl -notebooks -verbose

there's a script available @ orgmode
Org Mode tools


download and update impossible. I use the update center and the Ubuntu software center, they worked fine until I installed an update and then I hit "Check" in the update manager and it goes through in 2 seconds and says all downloads failed. the software center I click on the "more Info" button and it says (where it should say install)"add Source" I have Internet access but it doesnt even give me an error notice, I can download ANYTHING from the software center, and there hasnt been an update for over 15 days, with checking. I have tried updating through Terminal, but there is something wrong with the entire download and update process. seems I cant download anything at all now.

This sounds like your software sources list got messed up in some way causing the updater to abandon the search.  After trying it, do a

tail -n 200 /var/log/syslog | less

to see if any specific error was reported.  Then, ...

When you have Update Manager running, click on the Settings button in the lower left of the window to look at your sources and be sure to check all the tabs. OR ...
When you have the Software Center running, go to the Edit Menu and click on Software Sources to see the same thing.
If you don't see anything obvious, it is time to get out the big guns.  Do a less /etc/apt/sources.list and carefully examine it all.  Next, less each file in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ and look for anomalies.

Hope this helps.

sudo apt-get remove software-center
sudo apt-get install software-center

Run these two commands in Terminal mode


pulseaudio-equalizer won't start Hey I have a huge problem, pulseaudio-equalizer_2.7.0.2-2 won't start after clicking it, actually it doesn't do anything at all. It worked well on ubuntu 12.10 but now, after reinstalling fresh copy of ubuntu 13.04 it installs fluently but does not do anything else, no errors no pop-ups, nothing, what should I do to make it work? Maybe I need to install some kind of packages?

As I mentioned before I'm using ubuntu 13.04 (32 bit)

Just create new folder ".pulse"  in your home

i have the same problem in Ubuntu Raring 13.04 and i can solve with this solution, because the autor not yet design a version of this program for ubuntu Saucy Salamander, (13.10) that i am using now.

The equalizer for pulseaudio not installed well in ubuntu 13.04 because it was designed to run until such time ubuntu 12.04 .

The solution I found is:

go to the terminal , in the dash , open it and press enter:

With the open terminal write :

Code :

sudo add -apt -repository ppa : psyke83/ppa

( This command searches the repository , called PPA where this pulseaudio equalizer , but it will not find the file )

Write apt- get update and press enter to update . Dara a message that the repository pulseaudio -equalizer for Raring not yet .

Code :

sudo apt- get update

Then reboot .

The solution is to search the site ppa : psyke83/ppa in google and get pulseaudio -equalizer first :

http://ppa.launchpad.net/psyke83/ppa...er_2.7_all.deb

Once downloaded this file, you need to install two units :

ladspa -sdk
swh -plugins

From where to get :

Ubuntu Packages looking Raring :

http://ubuntu.mirror.cambrium.nl/ubu...untu1_i386.deb

http://mirror.anl.gov/pub/ubuntu//po...5+1-7_i386.deb

When trying to install with Gdebi , you may ask the other files and do not install them. In that case you need to open pulseaudio - equalize and allow the system to download and install the files by pressing install the machine connected to the network. When installing the program everything seems normal
but the run does not work. These are the causes and how the fix :

File pulseaudio -equalizer installed and pulseaudio pulseaudio -equalizer -equalizer -gtk in usr / bin , with presets files in share / pulseaudio -equalizer , containing the configuration of the sound system. The system when trying to run , look at the user account to search the hidden folder . / Pulse , to find the same configuration does not exist.
To create it you should go to Nautilus , preferences, and choose to show hidden files , close and reopen it to see the hidden files . Then you can create a new folder called . / Press. and left open nautilus

The system also seeks the. / Presets , which should be in / home / user account / . / Press / presets , which will be empty. To copy the files you requested , open pulseaudio - equalizer_2.7_all.deb with archive manager :

Then go open each folder to this location / usr / share / pulseaudio -equalizer . Here you will find the presets folder , which is precisely where the program asks . It can be extracted to the folder / home / user account, and from there copy it to the folder. / Pulse , and stay well :

/ home / user account. / press / presets

The system installs a file called pulseaudio - equalizer.py in the / usr / share / pulseaudio -equalizer , and this tells how to run the equalizer.
The script looks for a file called gnome -volume- control.svg in this folder, but the file is not found.
Inside the terminal , it should execute the command : sudo nautilus, then type your password and search for this file in the folder usr / share / pulseaudio -equalizer and abirlo with gedit for editing.
Once you open the file with gedit by double clicking within the pulseaudio - equalizer.py file to look for this line:

icon = self.window.set_icon_from_file ("/ usr/share/icons/hicolor/16x16/apps/gnome-volume-control.svg " )

Changing to this location :

icon = self.window.set_icon_from_file ("/ usr/share/icons/Humanity/apps/16/gnome-volume-control.svg " )

Close the file and all open windows and open the program from the unity dash looking pulseaudio -equalizer . These steps solve the problem as the author of the program designed a version for Ubuntu 13.


Ubuntu Installation hangs on 1.5yr old PC? I downloaded Ubuntu yesterday, burned it to a cd and tried to install it on my pc using a clean drive(new), but Ubuntus label and progress bar just stays on the screen, nothing loads up I've let it run for 2 hours, but no progress.

The drive is only a 120GB one, pre-formated with ext3 set as primary.

Any Ideas?

I would suggest that there's something awry somewhere, check the download and burn.

You shouldn't have any trouble installing it to a 'newish' machine

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/HowToMD5SUM

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuHashes

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/CDIntegrityCheck


how do i share my mobile internet connection via wifi in ubuntu 12.04 Newbie here. I am trying to use share my 3g mobile internet connection but don't know how to do this. Any working ideas on how to do this?

In short the steps are:

  Verify: WIFI card can support "master mode" or act as an Access    Point.
  Install: You will need hostapd, isc-dhcp-server, firestarter.
  Config: Do some configuration edits on those packages.
  Script: Run a script that starts everything.
  Firewall: Start firestarter to connect the Wifi Access Point to the    3G data card.
  Trouble Shooting: Extra info if you are stuck
  Starting/Stopping: How to start and stop once it works

More details and how to configure can be found here


Errors when installing wine in ubuntu 14.04 LTS I have followed the below procedures to install wine in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS:

add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
apt-get update
apt-get install -y wine

However, I see the below error messages:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:

 unity-control-center : Depends: libcheese-gtk23 (>= 3.4.0) but it is not going to be installed
                        Depends: libcheese7 (>= 3.0.1) but it is not going to be installed

 wine : Depends: wine1.6 but it is not going to be installed or
                 wine1.8 but it is not going to be installed

E: Error, pkgProblemResolver::Resolve generated breaks, this may be caused by held packages.

After I did a check on the system, unity-control-center has already been installed. And I encounter the same error message when trying to install wine1.6.

Any help will be appreciated!

Thanks!

============

updated

According to A.B.'s suggestions, these are the outputs:

lsb_release -a

LSB Version:    core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core- 3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:core-4.1-amd64:core-4.1-noarch:security-4.0-amd64:security-4.0-noarch:security-4.1-amd64:security-4.1-noarch
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.3 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

uname -a

Linux yiliang-PORTEGE-Z930 3.19.0-43-generic #49~14.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Thu Dec 31 15:44:49 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

apt-get install libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
libcheese-gtk23 is already the newest version.
libcheese7 is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 2 not upgraded.

apt-get install wine1.8

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 wine1.8 : Depends: wine1.8-i386 (= 1:1.8.0-0ubuntu1)
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

The output of

apt-cache policy wine wine1.6 wine 1.8 unity-control-center libcheese-gtk23 libcheese7

is very long and can be accessed from here.

wine:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:1.8.0-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
     1:1.8.0-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
     1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages

wine1.6:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4
  Version table:
     1:1.6.2-0ubuntu4 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/universe amd64 Packages

wine1.8:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: 1:1.8.0-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
     1:1.8.0-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

unity-control-center:
  Installed: 14.04.3+14.04.20150916-0ubuntu1
  Candidate: 14.04.3+14.04.20150916-0ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 14.04.3+14.04.20150916-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     14.04.3+14.04.20140410-0ubuntu1 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages

libcheese-gtk23:
  Installed: 3.10.2-0ubuntu2
  Candidate: 3.10.2-0ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 3.10.2-0ubuntu2 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

libcheese7:
  Installed: 3.10.2-0ubuntu2
  Candidate: 3.10.2-0ubuntu2
  Version table:
 *** 3.10.2-0ubuntu2 0
        500 http://sg.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty/main amd64 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status

wine1.8-i386:
  Installed: (none)
  Candidate: (none)
  Version table:

You need to enable 32-bit support within apt on Ubuntu 14.04 64-bit in order to successfully install wine:

sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install wine

open the Terminal and execute the command one by one:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install wine

hope this command is useful


Black Screen Problem - Installing 18.04 from USB I have Windows 10 installed on my system, and need to install Ubuntu 18.04 as the second OS. (dual boot)

I created a bootable usb, and trying to install Ubuntu from it. However when I select the install or try Ubuntu options, I get a black screen only.

I tried nomodeset setting but nothing changes. (both with and without quiet splash option)

What do you suggest me to try?

I am using a MSI GE63 8RF notebook with NVIDIA GTX1070, Intel I7-8750H.

edit: I added checksum results for the ISO file.

I had the same problem on a similar laptop (MSI GE73 8RF).

Quick Solution:
In this particular case, system should be able to boot with kernel parameter acpi=off.

Proper Solution:
If the quick solution works, update the BIOS:
Bios update for MSI GE63 8RF The zip file contains a guide (pdf) on how to update the BIOS.

For me, after BIOS update, mouse and keyboard did not work on live booted Ubuntu
Solution is to use kernel parameter iommu=soft.

Once Ubuntu is installed, the kernel parameter is not required.

My best guess based on the information you have provided us is that you either downloaded the wrong version of Ubuntu (like an ARM version instead of AM64), or there was something wrong with your flashing process. What program did you use to flash the USB stick?


Nvidia Driver + Ubuntu 12.04 This seems very common topic these days but i have some additional problems. The additional drivers option is greyed out, and it says there are no drivers being used. The graphics driver shows "unknown" in the system settings and i cant configure multiple monitors as it wont detect displays at all. I have the latest driver from Nvidia 295.40 installed.
I also tried to manually start X server by sudo service lightdm start and contrary to the config settings it says its already running

I have an dell XPS with Nvidia GeForce GT 420M. Thanks in advance

Please follow links for images

I used Ironhide driver using the approach here:- http://community.linuxmint.com/tutorial/view/610

It worked fine in Ubuntu 11.10 although I have a few problems in 12.04. The graphics works fine but I get error messages. I have an Acer Aspire with the same graphics card as you. This runs compiz, gives Unity 3D etc but is not perfect. The Nvidia drivers do not work in Ubuntu although that may change.

Good luck


After disabling Touchpad from system settings it disappeared 18.04 I disabled my touchpad from system settings and now there is no touchpad section there anymore.

Am i missing something?

output of xinput:

⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Logitech USB Optical Mouse                id=8    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=11   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Webcam: HP Webcam                      id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=10   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP Wireless hotkeys                       id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ HP WMI hotkeys                            id=13   [slave  keyboard (3)]

i used this to solve the issue: gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.touchpad send-events 'enabled'
but still even after it comes back, if you disable from the settings pane, you have to use gsettings again to make it work!


VLC player mutes when seeking In my Ubuntu 14.10, I have VLC 2.2.0 installed. I encounter this annoying problem that VLC mutes when I seek forward or backward through a video. I have to do few seeks backward and forward again to get the sound back. This happens almost all the time when I seek using keyboard or mouse. Is this a bug of VLC? or is this something else that I can fix?

Thank you.

I experienced this on two different distributions. The solution was, as suggested above but found experimentally, to switch to "ALSA audio output" module with "Default ALSA Output (currently PulseAudio Sound Server)" device. This worked for both. It changes no functionality since ALSA gets routed through Pulse anyway.

Note you may need to restart VLC after switching the output module and device and make sure there's no lingering instance (reboot to guarantee). Otherwise it's easy to think it didn't work.

Probably it's just that vlc needs some more time after the seek operation to resync and play audio / video properly.

This can happen with some poorly encoded video files that might be huge or just have incorrect/obsolete structure.  Try changing the video file and see if you still face the same behavior.


Reload bash's .profile without logging out and back in again Is it possible to coerce bash to reload the .profile file without logging out and back in again?

This should work for the current terminal:

. ~/.profile

. is a bash builtin and a synonym for source, see man bash:

  .  filename [arguments]
  source filename [arguments]
       Read  and  execute  commands  from filename in the current shell environment (…).

If you don't want to start a new shell but execute the script in the current shell, you source it:

source script_name.sh

source = .

The Bash source built-in is a synonym for the Bourne shell . (dot) command.

courtesy - tldp.org


Intel HD Graphics 530 in Ubuntu 18.04 I have Ubuntu 18.04 64-bit installed on my Lenovo Ideapad 700-15 isk. Which has integrated video card Intel HD Graphics and NVIDIA Geforce 950M. So, I can say that now it doesn't feel so good as I thought it will be. It's like a little bit laggy and feels slow.

Should I switch to an NVIDIA driver, and if so, then how?

To install Nvidia Drivers:
You can use Software & Updates application where you have to just navigate to Additional Drivers section where you will see something like this

Just select the appropriate version of nvidia driver and click on apply changes after installing the drivers you might need to restart your pc.
Alternatively, you can install using third party ppa using following commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-390

If you'd like to check available versions of nvidia drivers just press the Tab button after typing the following command:
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-

Note: To check if the nvidia drivers are installed or not you can run the following command and you'll see something like this
nvidia-smi

Happy Ubuntu!

Open the app drawer and search for "drivers", open the app and install the Nvidia Graphics Driver. Just be aware that it will use more battery power.


Change Dovecot to allow IMAP folder names with '.' like "test.com" I have problem in migrating email folders, because many use a '.' in the folder names.

I found out that the current dovecot default for the hierarchy separator in Ubuntu is '.'. That makes it a forbidden char in a folder name, as far as I understood. I would like to change to '/' as described in the commented out config section.

This is the output from dovecot -n on the test installation:

mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
namespace inbox {
inbox = yes
location =
 mailbox Drafts {
special_use = \Drafts
}
 mailbox Junk {
 special_use = \Junk
 }
mailbox Sent {
 special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox "Sent Messages" {
special_use = \Sent
}
mailbox Trash {
special_use = \Trash
}
prefix =
separator = /
}
passdb {
 driver = pam
 }
 protocols = imap
 ssl_cert = </etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
 ssl_key = </etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
 userdb {
 driver = passwd

With that setting, I can observe:
Change the IMAP folder "test_com" -> "test/com" gives an Thunderbird alert box that the character is reserved. That matches expectation, since i defined it as hierarchical separator.
Change the IMAP folder "test_com" -> "test.com" gives a server popup message "[CANNOT] Char not allowed in mailbox name"

What do I have to change to get those '.' in my folder names?

As this seems quite a difficult thing ( I keep looking around I did not yet find anything useful), it would be helpful to know if someone with a standard Ubunutu setup actually can confirm my observation. Maybe I need to take the hard step to just re-install the mail system.

Thanks for the help.

try this

sed -i '
/  \# The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format./ {
N
    s_  \# The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format.\n  \#separator =_  \# The default however depends on the underlying mail storage format.\n  \#separator =\n  separator = /_
}' /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf


Unable to install Oracle SQL Developer 4.0.2 (4.0.2.15.21) from rpm file I recently upgraded to Ubuntu 14.04 (using Update Manager), and it works fine with no issues.

In which I am using SQL Developer 3.2.20.09 and it works fine. Now a newer version was released on May 5th 2014, and I would like to use it, as it works fine with JDK 1.7.
I followed the installation instructions provided by Oracle, but it fails to install.

Downloaded sqldeveloper-4.0.2.15.21-1.noarch.rpm from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/downloads/index.html
Followed installation instructions from http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/developer-tools/sql-developer/downloads/sqldev-install-linux-1969676.html using the command:

rpm -Uhv sqldeveloper-4.0.2.15.21-1.noarch.rpm

which resulted in:

rpm: RPM should not be used directly install RPM packages, use Alien instead!
rpm: However assuming you know what you are doing...
error: Failed dependencies:
    /bin/sh is needed by sqldeveloper-4.0.1.14.48-1.noarch

Used Alien to install the RPM package:

sudo alien sqldeveloper-4.0.1.14.48-1.noarch.rpm

which resulted in this error:

error: db5 error(-30969) from dbenv->open: BDB0091 DB_VERSION_MISMATCH: Database environment version mismatch
error: cannot open Packages index using db5 -  (-30969)
error: cannot open Packages database in /home/arthanarisamy/.rpmdb

Should any package be updated manually, or have I missed updating while upgrading to Ubuntu 14.04?

You should first convert .rpm file to .deb which is the installation file format in ubuntu.

sudo alien -d sqldeveloper-4.0.2.15.21-1.noarch.rpm

Then install that .deb file by :

sudo dpkg -i sqldeveloper-4.0.2.15.21-1.noarch.deb

The error: db5 error(-30969) from dbenv->open: BDB0091 DB_VERSION_MISMATCH: Database environment version mismatch error happens the first time you run rpm (or alien) on Ubuntu.

Create the RPM DB with:

sudo rpm --rebuilddb

to get rid of it.


How do I list all package names in a specific category using Terminal? How do I list all package names in one section? If, for example, I want to list all applications in section "web", which command do I need to input?

In terminal  type:

apt-cache search 'web'

It will list all packages in this category and its usage.

Change "web" with the category you want.


Grub doesn't recognize Windows after Ubuntu 12.10 installation I've got a problem: After installing Ubuntu 12.10 grub doesn't recognize Windows 7 and I only can boot Ubuntu. I wrote the windows entry into the grub config, but it didn't start also.

I don't know if it is a problem by the partitions or by grub itself.

Does anyone have had the same issue or has heard about it?

Thanks very much in advance.

I am sorry you have the issue, this can be frustrating, try the following utility and let me know if it helps you.

Boot-Repair is a simple tool to repair frequent boot issues you may encounter in Ubuntu like when you can't boot Ubuntu after installing Windows or another Linux distribution, or when you can't boot Windows after installing Ubuntu, or when GRUB is not displayed anymore, some upgrade breaks GRUB, etc.

This can also be performed from a live-CD or live-USB.

Either add ‘ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair’ to your Software Sources via the Software Centre or, for speeds-sake, add it using a new Terminal session:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:yannubuntu/boot-repair

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -y boot-repair && boot-repair

Boot-Repair can be installed & used from any Ubuntu session (normal session, or live-CD, or live-USB). PPA packages are available for Ubuntu 10.04, 10.10, 11.04, 11.10, 12.04 and 12.10.

yes your quary is right..
this problem is coming due to installation of windows after ubuntu.because the boot loader of windows NTLDR is not the chain loader.so it can't boot ubuntu only can windows..
the solution of this problem is that you should take windows before ubuntu.


Installing and testing CUDA in Ubuntu 14.04 I am uncertain about how to install CUDA in my system.
looking around there are many tutorials about cuda on 12.04 LTS and a few on 13.04 and 13.10, but they all talk about acquiring a deb package from the NVidia CUDA developer zone.

Well NVidia does not offer a Debian package for 14.04 as of yet.

However, there is a promising package in apt repository: nvidia-cuda-toolkit.

The problem is that I didn't find any example with it. At least not the examples that are referred to in cuda6 online documentation section 4.11.

I should mention that the toolkit installed is v5.5, not v6 but I haven't found documentation for cuda v5.5 on the NVidia website.

So I can verify that nvcc is there, but nothing further than that. How can I get some examples to run to verify the CUDA is installed properly?

I got Cuda6 working on Lubuntu 14.04. This already had build-essentials installed, so if you're using a fresh install, you should probably install it:

apt-get install build-essential

Download the cuda6 run package (6.0.37 at the current time of writing) to ~/Downloads:

Open up a terminal and extract the separate installers via:

mkdir ~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;
cd ~/Downloads
./cuda_6.0.37_linux_64.run -extract=~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;

(I tried running the .run file directly, but it kept screwing up my Xorg install and would never let X run. I believe it is a config issue between driver versions: those installed by apt-get nvidia-331-updates and the cuda*.run driver.)

Completely uninstall anything in the Ubuntu repositories with nvidia-*. I used synaptic and did a purge, AKA completely uninstall programs and configuration.

sudo apt-get --purge remove "nvidia-*"

Have these instructions handy as we need to kill X install the driver.
Press  CTL  + ALT + F1 to drop to the physical terminal and log in.

cd ~/Downloads/nvidia_installers;
sudo service lightdm stop
sudo killall Xorg
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.62.run

Accept the EULA and install the driver. I would recommend letting it update Xorg config files.

After that installer finishes, turn on the nvidia module and install CUDA.

sudo modprobe nvidia
sudo ./cuda-linux64-rel-6.0.37-18176142.run
sudo ./cuda-samples-linux-6.0.37-18176142.run

test if the drivers are working by going to your sample directory

cd /usr/local/cuda/samples
sudo chown -R <username>:<usergroup> .
cd 1_Utilities/deviceQuery
make .
./deviceQuery

Worked for me at this point.
Now restart X

sudo service lightdm start

You should be able to do

lsmod | grep nv

and see a line with nvidia listed.
Don't forget to log back out of your physical terminal if it all worked.

APPENDIX

In my case it was necessary to add the folder that contains the executable to your $PATH.

One way of doing it is to edit the ~/.bashrc file in your Home folder.
Add a line to your .bashrc (modify the location if you changed the default CUDA installation folder)

  export PATH=/usr/local/cuda-6.0/bin:$PATH

Save the file and then source your .bashrc by typing

source .bashrc

when in your home folder.

I installed and tested it using this.

https://gist.github.com/mGalarnyk/f3b78fb90ca58855bba01738dd88ef2c#file-install_cuda_7-5_ubuntu_14_04

# http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1404/x86_64/
wget http://developer.download.nvidia.com/compute/cuda/repos/ubuntu1404/x86_64/cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_7.5-18_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_7.5-18_amd64.deb
rm cuda-repo-ubuntu1404_7.5-18_amd64.deb
echo 'export CUDA_HOME=/usr/local/cuda
export CUDA_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda
export PATH=$PATH:$CUDA_ROOT/bin:$HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$CUDA_ROOT/lib64
' >> ~/.bashrc

# Let terminal know of the changes to the .bashrc file
source .bashrc

sudo apt-get update

# y flag just says yes to all prompts
sudo apt-get install -y cuda

# Check if installation is successful by running the next line
# nvcc -V


How to create launcher icon I recently installed Matlab R2013a and it is working fine, however the only way I can start it is by running /usr/local/MATLAB/R2013a/bin/matlab in the terminal. If I type in matlab it says command not found, and I can't seem to get an icon in the side-bar launcher. How can I make it so I can run from the command matlab or from a launcher?

Edit: I have created a link so I can launch it by typing matlab in the terminal. I still can't get the unity icon launcher working though. I managed to create an icon via a matlab.desktop file in /usr/share/applications. When I click it, it launches Matlab, but after the initial loading screen Matlab shuts down instead of launching the application. It works through the terminal though. My matlab.desktop file is:

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Matlab
Comment=Matlab R2013a
Icon=/usr/share/icons/Matlab.png
Exec=/usr/local/MATLAB/R2013a/bin/matlab
Categories=Office
Terminal=false`

The lock to launcher is indeed not working for matlab. There is however a .desktop file that is part of the Matlab installation.

sudo ln /usr/share/app-install/desktop/matlab-support:matlab.desktop /usr/share/applications/matlab.desktop

You have to update a few things in this file (matlab.desktop):

[Desktop Entry]
X-AppInstall-Package=matlab-support
X-AppInstall-Popcon=3
X-AppInstall-Section=multiverse

Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=matlab -desktop
Name=MATLAB
Icon=_usr_share_icons_hicolor_48x48_apps_matlab
Categories=Development;Math;Science
Comment=Scientific computing environment
StartupNotify=true
StartupWMClass=com-mathworks-util-PostVMInit

X-Ubuntu-Gettext-Domain=app-install-data

Give the icon an absolute file path by changing the icon path above to

Icon=/usr/share/app-install/icons/_usr_share_icons_hicolor_48x48_apps_matlab.png

And change:

Terminal=true

Now you should be able to lock the icon to the launcher as well as start matlab from there.

I had the same problem, and fund that much of the difficulty came from Matlab installing the .desktop file into ~/.local/share/applications/, rather than /usr/share/applications/. With that in mind, my solution:

Ensure that you can launch matlab by typing matlab in terminal. If not, then you can install a sym link to do so, or replace my matlab commands below with the full path to the matlab executable.
Download a matlab icon and save it to ~/.local/share/icons/matlab.png
Create a new file: ~/.local/share/applications/matlab_version.desktop with the contents:
    [Desktop Entry]
    Encoding=UTF-8
    Version=1.0
    Type=Application
    Name=MATLAB
    Icon=matlab.png
    Exec=matlab -desktop
    StartupNotify=fals[
    Terminal=false
Check that the file you just created (matlab_version.desktop) has permissions set to be executable.
Navigate to ~/.local/share/applications/ using nautilus file explorer, and then double click on matlab_version (it hides the file extension here)
That should launch matlab. If it works, then right-click on the matlab icon in the unit launcher and then select 'lock to launcher'. If it doesn't work, then check that the file has execute permissions, and that your sym link is working.


systemd on 15.04 won't log stdout of unit I'm currently trying to make a systemd unit as a web server. Currently, my foo.service file looks as follows:

[Unit]
Description=The Foo Web Server

[Service]
Type=simple
ExecStart=/opt/foo/.cabal-sandbox/bin/foo

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

The foo executable automatically logs all HTTP requests to stdout - this is well tested. However, when I view the logs with journalctl -u foo, I only get output like this:

...
May 06 17:46:57 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping The Foo Web Server...
May 06 17:46:57 localhost systemd[1]: Started Foo Web Server.
May 06 17:46:57 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Foo Web Server...
May 06 17:47:08 localhost systemd[1]: Stopping The Foo Web Server...
May 06 17:47:08 localhost systemd[1]: Started The Foo Web Server.
May 06 17:47:08 localhost systemd[1]: Starting The Foo Web Server...

Could someone explain why it's not logging all stdout output? I looked briefly at this previous question, but it doesn't help - however it alluded to something along the lines of "...may not work for systems that don't use full systemd" - would this be the case for Ubuntu 15.04? Thank you in advance, any help with this would be much appreciated!

In fact, buffering in UNIX depends on the context: when stdout is redirected to something interactive like a console - it is usually line-buffered, otherwise it is fully buffered.

Buffering may be changed inside the application using setvbuf library call.

But it can also be done with stdbuf command on launch:

ExecStart=/usr/bin/stdbuf -oL /opt/foo/.cabal-sandbox/bin/foo

(for line-buffered case)

By default on Ubuntu 15.04, systemd journals are only volatile and kept in /run/systemd/journal and are lost at each reboot. To use persistent systemd journal, you need to create the /var/log/journal directory (and restart systemd-journald.service).

So, may be, stdout output is just redirected to syslog and not kept in systemd journal. For that, you may need to use a persistent systemd journal as explained above.

Have you checked /var/log/syslog for your foo log ?


How do I reverse a Google Chrome `sudo apt upgrade`? Tonight I ran sudo apt upgrade and seven packages were upgrade. One of them was Google Chrome 53 x.y?

Anyway flash player now gets pause pizza followed by 1/4 second black flash after the rotating pizza has finished it's 2 to 3 second spinning. I also did a failed Nvidia 367.44 driver install and am not sure which event is causing it but I'd like to reverse the Google Chrome 53.x.y upgrade Ubuntu/Debian just installed.

How do I find out what Chrome version was running before the upgrade?
(ie does Ubuntu keep track of versions that were just upgraded somewhere?)
How do I reinstall that Chrome version the sanctioned/safe way?
How do I freeze that Chrome version so it doesn't get updated again
automatically? (Some day I will after finding out what is going on)

I know enough to be dangerous and can probably stumble my way through this but I've been reading about broken packages lately and would like to know the safe path back from where I've come.

The other six packages upgraded tonight I would like to keep as I try to stay current. Note that sudo apt update was run before sudo apt upgrade.

As you want to reverse only one package there might be some possibilities. But be aware they are all more or less related to luck and not so much a standard procedure.

The package database has no entries about packages that used to live on your computer. It can only tell you what your current version is and if there is a newer available. You might be able to derrive some intel from the apt log files in /var/log/apt, but don't expect them to give it to you on a silver platter. You will need to figure out what you did when and deduct what the situation might have been before you upgraded.

Whenever you deal with a package repository, it has not histiory of the files that used to be in this repo - it only knows about one, and that is the most recent one. The moment you can upgrade from package-0.1.deb to package-0.2.deb, version 0.1 of that package is already deleted in the repository you are pointing to.

That said: mirror scripts written and configured by humans and they might fail. So perhaps you find a mirror that still has old files. Or you find it somewhere else on the internet - you will need to find the deb package with your version somewhere.

You might be super lucky - or lazy like me and use apt-get clean seldom :) - and find your package in /var/cache/apt/archives/. That happens you can just remove your current version and reinstall from the package using dpkg.

Again, there is no sanctioned way as you usually dont the the package anyway.

To freeze a specific version, you can use pinning. That in short enables you to tell the package manager to use a specific version and only that specific version of a package and never touch.


Embedded WLAN not working on ubuntu 16.04 I am using an AsRock x370 Taichi motherboard, and Ubuntu doesn't seem to be able to detect the embedded 802.11 module. It looks like it is able, however, to use the bluetooth module. The WLAN module's manufacturer is Intel.

Another lead is that the wifi adapter may default to the off state as shipped.  The ASRock X299 "off" and can be set to on in the bios under

Advanced >> Chipset >> WLAN (Change "Default" to "Enabled")

Hope that helps.

For those that stumble upon this question with the same issue. I was able to solve this with the command given in cheche's answer to How do I get an Intel Wireless 3168 802.11ac wireless card to work?

Specifically:

apt install linux-generic-hwe-16.04


Compress PDF files without Ghostscript I would like to compress PDF files in my Node.JS application which will be generated by electron. I tried to compress these files with Ghostscript which worked fine btw but I cannot use this commercially without paying for it.

Is there any good command line based solution alternative free for commercially use?

PS: I already tried compressing with LibreOffice Draw, but this cant handle included fonts :/

What I got from this link is that you can use ghostscript in you application if you're going to use it as a library (i.e. you won't copy the source code of ghostscript into your own source code).

Even if you're going to modify ghostscript and use that modified version as a library, you will only have to make the source code of the modified ghostscript available.

$gs -sDEVICE=pdfwrite -dPDFSETTINGS=/ebook -q -o output.pdf file.pdf

How do to reduce the size of a pdf file that contains images?


Problem in Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Recently I upgraded Ubuntu from 13.04 to 13.10 and then to 14.04.
Now I'm getting some weird problems:

When I boot my machine from the grub menu using the normal "Ubuntu" option, my Caps Lock key starts blinking and I get "CALL TRACE" messages on the screen and then it freezes.
So I boot using Advanced Options.

Under Advanced Options I have two Linux Kernels: one of them is linux-image-3.8.0-19-generic. which boots fine but when I try booting through the other kernel I have the same as problem 1 above.

My Apache2 is not starting. While booting itself it says apache2 "ERROR".

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) when installing anything.

When I tried solutions mentioned here http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-985232.html I get the same as problem 3 above.

Sometimes I get this error: processing was halted because there were too many errors.

How should I proceed?
Edit: Output of uname -a
Linux abhishek-Inspiron-7520 3.8.0-19-generic #29-Ubuntu SMP Wed Apr 17 18:16:28 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

Edit: Output of lsb_release -a
No LSB modules are available.
Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description:    Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS
Release:    14.04
Codename:   trusty

Edit: Output of sudo apt-get install linux-generic
libpango-1.0-0:amd64 depends on fontconfig (>= 2.1.91); however:
Package fontconfig is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libpango-1.0-0:amd64 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libpango-1.0-0:i386:
 libpango-1.0-0:i386 depends on fontconfig (>= 2.1.91); however:
  Package fontconfig is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libpango-1.0-0:i386 (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386:
 libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386 depends on libpango-1.0-0 (>= 1.36.0); however:
  Package libpango-1.0-0:i386 is not configured yet.

dpkg: error processing package libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386 (--configure):
 dependency proNo apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.

No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.

etc etc, ...

dpkg: too many errors, stopping
Errors were encountered while processing:
 fontconfig
 libpango-1.0-0:amd64
 libpango-1.0-0:i386
 libpangoft2-1.0-0:i386
 libpangoft2-1.0-0:amd64
 libpangocairo-1.0-0:amd64
 libpangocairo-1.0-0:i386
 libgtk-3-0:amd64
 libgnome-control-center1
 libnautilus-extension1a
 libpeas-1.0-0
 libunity-control-center1
 libgtk-3-bin
 librsvg2-2:i386
 librsvg2-2:amd64
 librsvg2-common:amd64
 librsvg2-common:i386
 gnome-icon-theme
 gnome-icon-theme-symbolic
 deja-dup
 libgcr-ui-3-1:amd64
 gcr
 gnome-keyring
 libdbusmenu-gtk4:amd64
 libgtk2.0-0:amd64
 libgtk2.0-0:i386
 libindicator7
 libappindicator1
 libdbusmenu-gtk3-4:amd64
 libindicator3-7
 libappindicator3-1
 libatk-wrapper-java-jni:amd64
 openjdk-7-jre:amd64
 libatk-wrapper-java
 libcanberra-gtk3-0:amd64
 libcanberra-gtk0:amd64
 gnome-session-canberra
 libcogl-pango15:amd64
 libclutter-1.0-0:amd64
 libclutter-gst-2.0-0:amd64
 gstreamer1.0-clutter
 gstreamer1.0-x:amd64
 libcheese7:amd64
 libclutter-gtk-1.0-0:amd64
 libcheese-E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

As a sudo apt-get install linux-generic gives an enormous amount of errors, I would do the following:

Take a full data back-up (/home, /usr, /var)
Take a full system backup (Clone) OR Insert an additional hard drive
Insert the Server CD, reboot from CD and reinstall (on the new hard drive)
Re-install all applications
Mount the old partitions
Copy/restore the data from the old partitions to the new install

Maybe not resolve all the problems, but for Number 7, try to shutdown your Windows first. If you use Windows 8 or 8.1 try run shutdown -s -t 0 to fully shut down the Windows


after upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04 cannot boot with linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae After upgrade from 10.04 to 12.04, I cannot boot with linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae: process gets frozen in a xubuntu initialization screen (I had qimo installed).

If I try the recovery mode (with the same Linux version), booting freezes after this message:

Begin: Mounting root file system.

If in grub menu I choose Previous Linux versions, I can boot using Linux 2.6.32-41-generic-pae. But once logged in, some things don't seem to work (apt-get update fails, update manager fails, HID menu does not provide suggestions...) (to be honest, I have no idea whether this is part of the bigger issue)

Reading in Ask Ubuntu through apparently similar problems, I decided to follow some advices: got boot-repair and run it. The problem remains & I got this report.

I also run as root in terminal

$ sudo update-initramfs -u

and this is what I got:

update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-24-generic-pae

cryptsetup: WARNING: failed to detect canonical device of /dev/sda1

cryptsetup: WARNING: could not determine root device from /etc/fstab

/tmp/mkinitramfs_EIDlHy/scripts/classmate-bottom/45xconfig: 9: .: Can't open /scripts/casper-functions

What else? My pc is Intel® Core™ i7 CPU 870 @ 2.93GHz × 8, graphs is GeForce 8400 GS/PCIe/SSE2, memory is 7,8 GiB.

I have two questions: Is this a bug in the newest kernel I should report? Is there anything I can do appart from a fresh install?

Based on this upstream Debian bug report I'd say the two cryptsetup warning messages are not related to the cause of the boot failure.

http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=641662

There are suggestions that removing the canonical-census package fixes the issue about not being able to open /scripts/casper-functions

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=9741353

After some time on it, I think I can now partially answer the minor issues:

  HUD menu does not provide suggestions...

I have been able to replicate in an ASUS EeePC T101MT the HUD problem. I started from fresh install 10.04.2 from USB, updated using Synaptic, then upgraded to 12.04. HUD would not work properly. This looks to me like a bug. I will report it as bug if it has not been reported (any help/info appreciated)

  I cannot boot with linux 3.2.0-24-generic-pae

I could not replicate the boot problem with the ASUS, so really no clues there. It could be machine specific, it could be software I had installed...

  a xubuntu initialization screen (I had qimo installed)

qimo and Xfce do not play any role here: HUD problem takes place if I install qimo before upgrading and also if I do not install it. And no boot problem in the ASUS regardless of qimo.

  Is there anything I can do appart from a fresh install?

Surely a 12.04 fresh intall and everything works in the ASUS. So, if you really want to go 12.04, as @beeju said, please first read

wiki.ubuntu.com/PrecisePangolin/ReleaseNotes/UbuntuDesktop


Difference between Unity and GNOME I often come across the terms Unity and GNOME while reading about Ubuntu. I understand that Unity is the default desktop environment for Ubuntu. What is GNOME and how is it related to/different from Unity?

What is GNOME?

GNOME is a lot of things. Usually, GNOME refers to GNOME Desktop Environment. Quoting the Arch Wiki:

  A desktop environment bundles together a variety of X clients to provide common graphical user interface elements such as icons, toolbars, wallpapers, and desktop widgets. Additionally, most desktop environments include a set of integrated applications and utilities.

It is created and maintained by the GNOME foundation. They are the driving force behind a large number of popular applications, as well as the providers of a set of libraries such as GTK, GObject and even a language called Vala, which are used to build the applications in the GNOME DE, and are part of the GNOME project as a whole.

There are two relatively well known versions of GNOME: GNOME2, long since obsolete and dead, and GNOME3, the current version. Ubuntu have tracked GNOME (whichever version was current) for as long as I can remember. You can see GNOME2 in action in Ubuntu 10.04, for example. Once GNOME2 went away, a classic mode variously called GNOME Classic, GNOME Flashback (and possibly other names), with nowhere near the flexibility or customizability of GNOME2 was introduced. It just sort-of looked like GNOME2.

GNOME2 was forked to become MATE. MATE is the closest experience to GNOME2 you can get now, but with feature updates. Ubuntu MATE is now an official flavour.

GNOME3 is what you see when you look at the GNOME website, or when you install Ubuntu GNOME, and is underneath many applications in Ubuntu, and Cinnamon. MATE is adding support for GTK3, the library underneath GNOME3. Typically when end-users speak of GNOME3, they mean GNOME Shell (since that is what you see).

How does it relate to Unity?

You can think of GNOME as the parent of the Ubuntu default Desktop Environment (DE) (or an uncle, at least). It is the upstream project of many Ubuntu applications.

Ubuntu's default desktop environment uses most of the GNOME applications with a few changes:

Unity instead of GNOME Shell (up to Ubuntu 17.04)
Firefox instead of Web (once called Epiphany)
Thunderbird instead of Evolution
LibreOffice Write instead of Abiword
some patches to GNOME Terminal and Nautilus, I think.
Ambiance GTK theme instead of Adwaita
and perhaps a few more

Unity and GNOME Shell have a few similarities:

A top panel
A dock
A searchable replacement for the menu system for listing applications.

However, I think the similarities end there.

The Ubuntu GNOME distribution uses GNOME except the few cases where applications have been patched (like GNOME Terminal).

Relevant reading:

What is the relationship between Unity, Gnome, Gnome 3, Compiz, Metacity, and LightDM?
What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available?
When installing packages (particularly those with graphical UIs) how do you determine which is fitting for your distribution?
What is the default desktop environment for Ubuntu 13.10?
What is a desktop environment, session and shell?

There exist a lot of different desktop environments and window managers for Linux. Gnome used to be the default one for Ubuntu, but in recent versions this has changed to being Unity.


Use Backblaze online backup with Ubuntu I've read good things about Backblaze but unfortunately they don't seem to support Linux/Ubuntu.

Is not supporting Linux by Backblaze maybe not providing a nice GUI and it is still possible to use it for backup?

Actually, it seems to be a commercial decision.

See: https://help.backblaze.com/entries/20203476-Is-Backblaze-going-to-offer-Linux-support-

Backblaze have Python command line tool available throug pip to connect with their B2 Cloud Storage, that will work on linux.

Can I use Backblaze B2 Cloud Storage with Linux?

Get the Command-Line Tool


Ubuntu 16.04 Wifi stopped working after 2 years on Dell XPS I've had a Linux installed on my Dell XPS laptop for 2 years and it has suddenly stopped recognising any Wifi Networks.

In Settings > Networks the options are:

Wired
VPN
Network Proxy

More Info:

$ sudo lshw -C network
  *-network UNCLAIMED
       description: Network controller
       product: BCM4352 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter
       vendor: Broadcom Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:02:00.0
       version: 03
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:f7200000-f7207fff memory:f7000000-f71ffff

and

Network controller: Broadcom Corporation BCM4352 802.11ac Wireless Network Adapter (rev 03)

$ iwconfig
lo        no wireless extensions.

enp0s20u1c4i2  no wireless extensions.

$ grep -R brcm /etc/modprobe.d
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf:blacklist brcm80211
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf:blacklist brcmfmac
/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-bcm43.conf:blacklist brcmsmac

Chilli555 - Thanks!
Edit
uname -r
4.15.0-23-generic

David Foeerster-
dpkg-query -Wf '${Status;1} ${Package}\n' linux-* | sed -ne 's/^i //'

Nothing happens

Edit: Elder Geek suggestion:

sudo modprobe wl
modprobe: FATAL: Module wl not found in directory /lib/modules/4.15.0-23-generic

Try:

sudo systemctl restart network-manager

Sometimes WiFi breaks and restarting helps.


What does dsfg as a part of package names mean? I know the general format for package names in Debian and Ubuntu. Some packages have additions to the standard numbering scheme with obvious meaning like svn20090426 etc. But also quite a few packages have dsfg in their name (e.g. 2:1.0~rc4~try1.dsfg1-1ubuntu1) – what does that mean?

Is it just a typo of the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG)?

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debian_Free_Software_Guidelines

A package with 'dfsg'/'dsfg' suffix is one that has been stripped of any files
that doesn't follow the Debian Free Software Guidelines.

(From Debian mailing list: http://lists.debian.org/debian-mentors/2010/08/msg00169.html)

I don't think dsfg is a "typo" I think it's more of a ACRONYM for Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG). Just my two cents.


Is there any VM for Ubuntu 14.04 with best results on notebooks with UHD displays? I have seen several debates on different forums but could not reach to a solution.
My notebook has a UHD display running windows 8 as host OS. I have tried Vmware and virtualbox as VMs to have the experience of Ubuntu 14.04 as guest OS. The problem is with the screen resolution I get in the VM, either on a full screen or in any other view size. It's nano and awful.

My question specifically is: Is there any VM which supports Ubuntu 14.04 in such a way that we can control the resolution with the best results for user on any notebook with a UHD display?

OR

If any plausible solution exists, even for the mentioned VMs, which I am missing?

VirtualBox or VMware does not care what resolution the guest or the host is running. Both use what they find. To view correctly in the guest system, the installed guest operating system is solely responsible and in your case 14.04.

But as I already wrote here:

  The 4K technology is relatively new. On the other hand your system is
  relatively old. If you want to improve the situation, then you must
  use newer software versions. A first step is to update your system to
  Vivid or to Wily in some days. And then the application developers are
  required. The individual applications have to be adjusted.

Therefore install Vivid or Wily and have patience and in any case, install the guest addons, e.g. VMware Tools and/or Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack.

If you run a VM on Windows, then run a host within the VM, the display drivers presented to the host, are those of virtual hardware created by the VM.  Your host, will have no idea you're running a UHD display, unless you could pass the whole device to the host (which could only be done, if the actual running OS, windows, was using a different display device).

I believe if you use VMWare, and have VMware tools installed in the host, you can resize the VM screen, like a regular desktop window.  Without tools, you have to specify the display resolution in the vm config file.  Looking at an Ubuntu VM I have running under Workstation 10, I can emulate up 10 monitors, each with up to a 2560x1600 resolution.  I'm not sure how to have those multiple monitors display on my physical host, but it must be possible.

But remember when you run under a VM, you're not running on your actual machine, the host is running on a virtual host, which you can design as you wish, with whatever hardware you want.  If you want to emulate a UHD display, in the host, you'll need a VM that can emulate one (I was unable to find one given a cursory search in google).

If you're just trying to run Ubuntu in full resolution, did you try running rebooting the system to use Ubuntu on a Live CD.  It will then use whatever drivers it has installed to use your UHD display, as much as it's able.  With the Kubuntu live CD, I've installed Nvidia drivers and tested out a full x display, to be sure the hardware could support running my desktop, before re-installing.  Live CD stores modifications to the virtual hard disk in memory, so you have the perception of a normal running machine, without actually touching the existing HD.


Ubuntu boot with Windows 8.1, can't get Windows back I installed Ubuntu earlier today, and can not find a way to go back to Windows. I have put the USB drive with Ubuntu on it, no option from GRUB, and I can't find it in Ubuntu either. I don't have an install disk, and I have my 8.1 side for my HDD available to look at and edit, but no way to go back to Windows. I need help.

Did you define a partition. If not it will take some work. I tried installing Ubuntu with out making a partition and it took me a week to fix it.


Configuring The Package Manage Failed - Installation on 11.10 I have a 32-bit server, running at 3.03 Ghz, 2gb RAM & 512 L2 Cache.
Whenever I try to install Ubuntu 11.10 or 12.04, after installing the Base System, we get to Setting up Users and Passwords, then Configuring the package manager, which fails everytime. I've tried everything I can think of, but nothing seems to work.
Any suggestions of what is wrong and how to fix it?
Thanks.

Had the same problem with 12.04 LTS. My workaround was to wait for the disk partitioning phase, and then to open a console with Alt+F2.

Edit /usr/lib/apt-setup/generators/50mirror.ubuntu and comment out the two lines with db_metaget and db_subst statements after the comment "Text is variable for Debian".
No idea why this breaks the installation, but it does.

TO others that have this issue, run the installer through text version. If it gets stuck on a file for too long (or time keeps going up and down) just press enter and then Ignore and it will skip it.


How can I update my NVIDIA driver? I recently installed the opensource game 0AD. Everything went fine, but when I run it I get the error

"You are using 260.19.* series NVIDIA drivers, which may crash the game. Please upgrade to 260.19.21 or later."

How do I go about updating this driver? I downloaded the 260.19.21 driver here.
Its a .bin file.

Newer NVIDIA drivers are available in the X Updates PPA:

https://launchpad.net/~ubuntu-x-swat/+archive/x-updates

You want to add ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates to your software sources to upgrade them, you can follow these instructions here:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?

This tells you how to install a bin file:

How can I install a .bin file?


Help set up Atheros ar242x/ar542x wireless adapter I googled the problem and found this link:

  http://sage.bt/tips/get-atheros-ar242x-ar542x-wireless-card-to-work-on-ubuntu.html

Unfortunately when I input the command into the terminal I get this message:

  bash: /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf: Permission denied

I don't know of any alternative solutions, but advice is appreciated.

If you are in Unity or Gnome from a terminal write: sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf. Then go to the bottom and add: blacklist acer_wmi.
I hope the solution works for you because adding it did nothing for me but it is still worth a try.
Roman

Refer to How do I install a driver for an Atheros AR9285? for more info. I had a Compaq with the same problem and followed the directions at the bottom and the problem was solved. You have to add the blacklist acer_wmi to the bottom of the file /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.confthe reboot.
As I had the CQ60, I don't know if it will work perfectly, but I think it should.

Quoted from the above site - "I have just solved the wireless problem on Lenovo B560. However, I'm a beginner into Linux, and didn't immediately figure that blacklist acer_wmi can only be added by running the command:

gksu gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

Hope this helps.


Cannot get NVIDIA graphics card to work on Ubuntu 18.04 Laptop: Acer Predator with Ubuntu 18.04 LTS and Windows 10 (dual boot)
Specifications: Intel® Core i7-7700HQ NVIDIA GTX 1060 OS-Type: 64-bit
Everything is working fine so far, except that I can't switch to the NVIDIA graphics card in Ubuntu.
Please help me, this is the first time that I have installed a Linux distribution on my PC.
I was following the installation tutorial from this website, I can't get it to work.
I have tried to install the NVIDIA drivers from the Ubuntu repositories and from the GPU Drivers PPA.
I have read many threads and tried to follow the suggestions. But same results, nothing is working.
Below is a detailed step by step of the last commands I ran in the order they were executed.

Purge everything NVIDIA:
sudo apt purge nvidia-*

Purge the PPA:
sudo ppa-purge ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

Autoremove:
sudo apt autoremove

Clean up:
sudo apt auto-clean

Blacklist Nouveau:
Edited the file /etc/modprobe.d/disable-nouveau.conf and added these lines:
blacklist nouveau
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist rivatv
blacklist amd76_edac
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off
options nouveau modeset=0

Re-add the PPA:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa

Check for recommended drivers:
ubuntu-drivers devices

Install the recommended driver from the PPA:
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-396

Reboot the system:
sudo reboot

Check which drivers are in use:
$ lspci -k | grep -EA2 'VGA|3D'
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 591b (rev 04)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device 118a
    Kernel driver in use: i915
--
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau

$ lspci -nnk | grep -i vga -A3
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: Intel Corporation Device [8086:591b] (rev 04)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] Device [1025:118a]
    Kernel driver in use: i915
    Kernel modules: i915
--
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile] [10de:1c20] (rev a1)
    Subsystem: Acer Incorporated [ALI] GP106M [GeForce GTX 1060 Mobile] [1025:118b]
    Kernel driver in use: nouveau
    Kernel modules: nvidiafb, nouveau, nvidia_drm, nvidia

$ nvidia-smi
NVIDIA-SMI has failed because it couldn't communicate with the NVIDIA driver.
Make sure that the latest NVIDIA driver is installed and running.

$ nvidia-settings
 ERROR: NVIDIA driver is not loaded
 ERROR: Unable to load info from any available system

You have to disable Secure Boot on your machine, boot into BIOS and disable it in the UEFI settings.
There won't be any security problem at all and the alongside installed Windows will boot  nevertheless.

I just installed Ubuntu 18.04 and I have the same issue with NVIDIA GF 550Ti driver.
Running lshw -c video shows UNCLAIMED driver.
Here are the steps I followed to solve this:

Disable Secure Boot.

In the terminal, run the following commands:
sudo ubuntu-drivers list
sudo prime-select nvidia
sudo apt install nvidia-driver-418-server
cd Downloads
chmod +x FILENAME.run
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64–410.57.run -- no-x-check
reboot


How do you keep Unity Panel while using Cairo-Dock on 12.10? On Ubuntu 12.04 I was able to keep unity panel (the thing at the top of the screen with the time, log out options, wireless connectivity, battery power details, etc) while not keeping the unity shell (side panel thing with the launchers) and having Cairo-Dock as my launcher of programs. In Ubuntu 12.10 I don't seem to be able to do this. I'm able to use Cairo-Dock without unity shell and panel no problem but I can't seem to get the unity panel from staying while the unity shell (side-panel with launchers and dash) is absent.
basically I want you to tell me how I can re-accomplish that which is in the picture below on Ubuntu 12.10. (this pic from was 12.04)

Install cairo-dock, by pasting the commands:

sudo apt-get install cairo-dock

into terminal. (ctrl+alt+T) Then go to system settings. (By clicking the icon in the far right corner in the unity panel and going down and clicking, 'system settings')

After this go to 'Appearance' under 'Personal' then select, 'Behaviour.' Then click, 'on' to the option of auto-hiding the launcher. After this set the reveal location as, 'Top Left Corner' and set the reveal sensitivity to as small as possible by manually moving it the lever.

please take a look at the wiki, it's all explained:
http://glx-dock.org/ww_page.php?p=Cairo-Dock%20and%20Unity&lang=en


Touchpad does not work - HP isa0060/serio1/input0 The touchpad does not work directly with the CPU going on Ubuntu, but the boot the installer Win 10, abortion and restart in Ubuntu works perfectly. Even if the hibernate or sleep, still works perfectamnte. But if I turn off and turn on stops working. I pass the data.

dany@plata:~$ lsusb
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 007: ID 090c:f37d Silicon Motion, Inc. - Taiwan (formerly Feiya Technology Corp.)
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 05e3:0745 Genesys Logic, Inc.
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 05e3:0608 Genesys Logic, Inc. USB-2.0 4-Port HUB
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 03eb:8433 Atmel Corp.
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 13d3:3362 IMC Networks
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

the touchpad is ID 03eb:8433 Atmel Corp. which also controls the touch screen.

command does not operate

dany@plata:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)]
⎜ ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ Atmel Atmel maXTouch Digitizer id=10 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ KYE Wireless Mouse id=11 [slave pointer (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)]
↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ SMI id=12 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=13 [slave keyboard (3)]

the same command when running

dany@plata:~$ xinput list
⎡ Virtual core pointer id=2 [master pointer (3)]
⎜ ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer id=4 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ Atmel Atmel maXTouch Digitizer id=10 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad id=13 [slave pointer (2)]
⎜ ↳ KYE Wireless Mouse id=14 [slave pointer (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard id=3 [master keyboard (2)]
↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard id=5 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=6 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Video Bus id=7 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Power Button id=8 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ Sleep Button id=9 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ SMI id=11 [slave keyboard (3)]
↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard id=12 [slave keyboard (3)]

Another command when it works, does not operate it returns nothing.

any@plata:~$ synclient -l
Parameter settings:
LeftEdge = 110
RightEdge = 2662
TopEdge = 78
BottomEdge = 1374
FingerLow = 1
FingerHigh = 1

Any solution to work forever. I can do more testing when it works and does not operate.
Now I use Ubuntu 15.10 with kernel 4.1 on the CPU.

I did more tests and correct data hardware problem.
The HardInfo program gave me the correct data of the TouchPad.
The rest is connected to the USB, but the touchpad is connected to the "isa"

Name    ETPS/2 Elantech Touchpad

Type    Mouse

Bus 0x11

Vendor  Hewlett-Packard(www.hp.com)

Product 0xe

Version 0x0

Conected to isa0060/serio1/input0

Moreover I find the next file system

hp_touchpad.mpi

[Device]
Product=Touchpad
Vendor=HP
AccessProtocol=storage
DeviceMatch=usb:0830:8074;usb:0830:8072
Icon=phone-palm-pre

[Media]
OutputFormats=audio/mpeg;audio/3gpp;audio/mp4;audio/aac;audio/x-wav

[storage]
AudioFolders=Music/

I'm not sure but try to install

linux-firmware-nonfree

package. May be it'll help.

Pass the link with solution:
http://www.taringa.net/post/linux/19003707/Touchpad-no-funciona---linux---Solucion.html

Finsh


Tomcat and Eclipse Integration Error: "Unknown version of Tomcat was specified." I am using Ubuntu 13.10 and gnome 3.10.

I have followed this tutorial to set up tomcat and eclipse.:

Set up Eclipse and Tomcat 7 on Ubuntu 12.10 to create Java RESTful Web Services with Jersey

But when I reach step 9, I get the following error on eclipse:

I tried many solutions I saw here on Ask Ubuntu but none worked for me.

I have checked the usr/local folder but tomcat7 is not there.

I checked the /usr/share folder and tomcat7 is there.

I used the following command to install eclipse and tomcat:

sudo apt-get install eclipse tomcat7 -y

I suggest installing standalone Tomcat into /usr/local instead of using the one in /usr/share directory.

cd ~/Downloads
wget http://apache-mirror.rbc.ru/pub/apache/tomcat/tomcat-7/v7.0.52/bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz
tar -xzf apache-tomcat-7.0.52.tar.gz
sudo mv apache-tomcat7.0.52 /usr/local/apache-tomcat7.0.52

Then use /usr/local/apache-tomcat7.0.52.

You can use your server in any directory, just that the Apache Tomcat directory has read access by its user.

Example: sudo chmod -R 755 /usr/local/apache-tomcat7.0.52


Changing disk space allocation I have disk space allocated as per below.

Model: INTEL RS2BL040 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1998GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: msdos

Number  Start   End     Size    Type     File system     Flags
 1      1049kB  512MB   511MB   primary  ext3            boot
 2      512MB   922GB   922GB   primary  ext4
 3      922GB   1998GB  1076GB  primary  linux-swap(v1)

NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0   1,8T  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0   487M  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0 858,3G  0 part /
└─sda3   8:3    0  1002G  0 part [SWAP]

I would like to change my swap partition to 32GB and add that left over space to the sda2 drive how can I do this from a command line.

Thanks

You can't resize while Ubuntu is running.
Here is the easiest solution:

Download GParted.
Make a boot to CD or USB then boot it.
Resize the 1TB swap partition.

Note: swap = RAM + 2.


How to make phone calls from one PC to another I have 2 Ubuntu PCs (Not in the same physical place) and I want to call from my PC to the other. What apps does Ubuntu have for making phone calls from PC-to-PC.

UPDATED - Forgot to mention that it should not be Skype or Google Talk. In the case of Skype because we are actually looking for an alternative to it to call one another. For the Google Talk plugin because the need to have a web browser opened to use it is not what we need.

Twinkle: sudo apt-get install twinkle

Soft-phone for making telephone calls using SIP over an IP network.

Twinkle supports direct IP phone to IP phone communication or a network
using a SIP proxy to route your calls.

In addition to making basic voice calls Twinkle provides you the
following features regardless of the services that your VoIP service
provider might offer.

2 call appearances (lines)
 Multiple active call identities
 Custom ring tones
 Call Waiting
 Call Hold
 3-way conference calling
 Mute
 Call redirection on demand
 Call redirection unconditional
 Call redirection when busy
 Call redirection no answer
 Reject call redirection request
 Blind call transfer
 Call transfer with consultation (attended call transfer) (new)
 Reject call transfer request
 Call reject
 Repeat last call
 Do not disturb
 Auto answer
 Message Waiting Indication
 Voice mail speed dial
 User definable scripts triggered on call events
  E.g. to implement selective call reject or distinctive ringing
 RFC 2833 DTMF events
 In-band DTMF
 Out-of-band DTMF (SIP INFO)
 STUN support for NAT traversal
 Send NAT keep alive packets when using STUN
 NAT traversal through static provisioning
 Missed call indication
 History of call detail records for incoming, outgoing, successful and missed
 DNS SRV support
 Automatic fail-over to an alternate server if a server is unavailable
 Other programs can originate a call via Twinkle, e.g. call from address book
 System tray icon
 System tray menu to originate and answer calls while Twinkle stays hidden
 User definable number conversion rules
 Simple address book
 Support for UDP and TCP (new) as transport for SIP
 Presence
 Instant messaging
 Simple file transfer with instant message
 Instant message composition indication
 Command line interface (CLI)

VoIP security
 Secure voice communication by ZRTP/SRTP
 MD5 digest authentication support for all SIP requests
 AKAv1-MD5 digest authentication support for all SIP requests (new)
 Identity hiding

Audio codecs
 G.711 A-law (64 kbps payload, 8 kHz sampling rate)
 G.711 u-law (64 kbps payload, 8 kHz sampling rate)
 GSM (13 kbps payload, 8 kHz sampling rate)
 Speex narrow band (15.2 kbps payload, 8 kHz sampling rate)
 Speex wide band (28 kbps payload, 16 kHz sampling rate)
 Speex ultra wide band (36 kbps payload, 32 kHz sampling rate)
 G.726 (16, 24, 32 or 40 kbps payload, 8 kHz sampling rate)

For all codecs the following preprocessing options are available to improve
quality at the far end of a call.
 Automatic gain control (AGC) (new)
 Noise reduction (new)
 Voice activity detection (VAD) (new)
 Acoustic echo control (AEC) [experimental] (new)

Perhaps this link, https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SoftPhone, will give you a list of SIP & VoIP compatible software. It should give you a start.

There is also Skype and Google Talk that may be helpful. Google Talk requires only a very small plugin and Skype can be installed easily enough. Google talk is not in the repositories from Ubuntu, but Skype is.


Why do people install outdated versions of Ubuntu? I'm really surprised to see so many people are currently (after release of 14.04) installing Ubuntu versions 13.04 and older. Apart from 12.04, these are not supported any more. I can see that someone really conservative will install Ubuntu 12.04, but anything else is just surprising to me. Can someone enlighten me?

I would assume in 99% of cases it's lack of awareness: they don't realise their version is out of date.

Other reasons may include:

Don't have enough internet speed/quota to download an up-to-date CD image so they install from a bought/borrowed physical CD that's out of date.
They need an older version of some software (and don't realise the security ramifications of downgrading the entire OS for just one piece of software).
They installed Ubuntu some time ago and have never bothered upgrading (possibly partly because they don't have the internet speed or quota).

We have a few answers to this...

It's what we know works.  Fiddling is not free. People here know how to install 12.04 and 12.10.  Also we often have a ready made virtual machine for Ubuntu 12.10 and all the software has been installed correctly.

We know that Ubuntu 13.10 has issues.

The biggest one is that unity is there. Besides confusion, it broke vncserver.
vncserver is extremely important to me. Serving a gnome desktop doesn't work.
Virtual box guest top additions are problematic.  Screen re-sizing doesn't work.

We know Ubuntu 14.04 has issues.

vncserver - haven't tried it yet.

here is some of the confusion:
14.04 VNC xstartup file

I haven't yet seen a working 14.04 automated install from kickstart or preseed.

the instructions are very poor for releases 12 and up.

system-config-kickstart needed a hack from debian to run
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/system-config-kickstart/+bug/1260107
xrdp doesn't work with Unity or Gnome and it doesn't work all that well with XFCE.
https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/xrdp/+bug/1326273


How can I switch my current session between Unity, Unity 2D, and Gnome? If I am currently logged in to Unity, is there a way for me to switch my current session to Unity 2D or Gnome without logging out and in again? I know I can restart Unity by running unity --replace. Is there an equivalent command for Unity 2D or Gnome that I could run to switch to it? If I am currently running Unity 2D or Gnome, will unity --replace switch me back to Unity?

Honestly, I would just log out and log back in. Even if you got a script to switch you mid-session, there could potentially be some Unity code still in RAM that might conflict with whatever session you are in. Also, whenever I switch from logging out / in, the Adwaita theme becomes default for Unity.

It would honestly be screwy. May I ask why you would want to switch environments mid-session?

I haven't tried it, but you could try metacity --replace to go to Gnome.


Flash does not work on Firefox in Lubuntu 14.04 I have installed Lubuntu 14.04 but Flash isn't working correctly with Firefox 28.0. Viewing videos in YouTube, using the Spotify web client and yes.fm all do no work.

I can see that the addon is working fine: shockwave flash version 11.2.202.350

My system:

Processor        : Pentium III (Coppermine)
Memory       : 507MB (241MB used)
Operating System     : (Lubuntu 14.04 Trusty Tahr)

the up-to-date adobe flash player needs SSE2 CPU support to work correctly. According to wikipedia you processor does not have.

Source. Getting flashplayer to work on firefox  Athlon XP  lubuntu machine I have this problem. The solution is to get older versions of the libflashplayer.so file. Steps to fix:

make sure flashplugin-installer package is installed.

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-installer

download http://archive.canonical.com/pool/partner/a/adobe-flashplugin/adobe-flashplugin_10.0.45.2.orig.tar.gz
extract libflashplayer.so from this file to home directory.

tar -xvzf adobe-flashplugin_10.0.45.2.orig.tar.gz -C ~/

mv adobe-flashplugin-10.0.45.2.orig/libflashplayer.so ~/

copy downloaded libflashplayer.so in home directory to this folder:

sudo cp libflashplayer.so /usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/libflashplayer.so

close firefox and reopen, so that new flashplayer will be used. flash should now work (for firefox).

Problems with this is using outdated flashplayer will have security vulnerabilities so only use for sites you can trust. Also running updates on your system will mean having to repeat last copy command.

I just did an update today ( 12th of September ) and I can watch youtube without troubles, I was having the same issue as you before.

Hope this helps !


Upgraded Ubuntu from 12.04 to 12.10 Ati radeon HD 3450 Catastrophe! When I had upgraded everything was ready on the screen om my computer and with my 12.04 ubuntu.

When I restarted my system, the graphics card was not detected. I was forced to start the computer in low graphics mode, and eventually I had a pink deskop with only my maps, and no other programs at all.

What do I do now? I need to recover the pictures on my system so that I can upload them online.

I'd done a graphics card test on the terminal initially, and it showed that the card was compatible with unity 3D. I have an ATI radeon HD 3450 and I was running a 32 bit build of Ubuntu 12.04 initially

Right now I have a broken install of Linux, with no working graphics card or desktop to start from, so I'm unsure of how to fix this.

Ati has removed support for Radeon 2xxx, 3xxx and 4xxx series of graphic cards for their newest drivers, which Ubuntu 12.10 now uses. You need to install AMD's legacy drivers to use these older cards. Here is a blog post which gives several ways to do this. The post's recommended solution,  and what worked for me, was to use a 3rd party repository provided by Tomasz Makarewicz. It just required 4 terminal commands.

First though, you need to be able to get access to your applications. Unity glitches under this problem, removing access to the dash, so you should switch to using the GNOME classic desktop environment. You can do this from the login screen, after booting your computer. Click on the small icon to the right of your name, and you should see a dropdown list of desktop options. Select GNOME Classic (No effects). Then logon as  usual. You should now have an "applications" menu in the upper left corner of your desktop. Most applications should be in obvious places. To get to the terminal, follow the menu path Applications > Accessories > Terminal.

To install the legacy drivers using Makarewicz's repository, open a terminal and enter the following commands. The first command will require your sudo password, and will also give you a text dump explaining what's going on.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:makson96/fglrx
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install fglrx-legacy

Then restart your computer. Your graphics problems should be fixed.

See this thread for your solution:  http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2073279


Can my Lenovo IdeaPad run Xubuntu? I have Windows 10 on my computer and want to install Xubuntu on it because Windows 10 is working too slowly. I am a beginner and haven't done anything with the operating system yet. Please tell can my computer run Xubuntu and also how to install it. I also want to store Windows 10 on a flash drive so that I can use it.
Specs:

Lenovo Ideapad MIIX 300-10IBY
Intel(R) Atom(TM) CPU Z3735F@ 1.33GHz 64-bit
RAM: 2GB
28GB disk storage including Windows 10

If any additional information is needed please comment.

Yes, if you have a 4+ GB flash drive, you can install xubuntu on this type of hardware.
Hopefully this tutorial will help you. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPgI3Kgc8RE
If you have another flash drive then you could store windows 10 but that needs more storage. If you want a clean version of windows 10 installed in the flash drive then here https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0YmSdr6K2s
16+ GB flash drive is recommended for this task.


Cannot run executable file - SPAZ installer After reinstalling my Ubuntu (right now I have 12.04.1) I'm trying to install SPAZ, but when I run the installer:

gacek@gacek-Vostro-3460:~$ ./spaz-linux-humblebundle-09182012-bin
bash: ./spaz-linux-humblebundle-09182012-bin: No such file or directory

it says there's no such file. But it exist. I've tried to change the ownership of the file, change the access flags for it. The executable flag is also enabled.

Where could be the problem?

Regarding the question, the file exists and it is NOT a directory:

gacek@gacek-Vostro-3460:~$ ls -g
razem 168776
drwxrwxrwx  2  1000      4096 Dec 22 23:25 Desktop
(...)
-rwxr-xr-x  1 gacek 157466422 Sep 19 01:15 spaz-linux-humblebundle-09182012-bin

I think that it's just a permission matter, just run this command:

chmod +x spaz-linux-humblebundle-09182012-bin

and then again:

./spaz-linux-humblebundle-09182012-bin


mount.ntfs takes 90% of CPU I installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my Samsung NC10 laptop with 2 GB RAM using WUBI.
When I try to install something or to do something with files, the mount.ntfs takes 90% of CPU. Also I have an issue that Ubuntu uses all 2GB of RAM (1GB immediately after start and usage increases).

What can I do with this issue?

I have the same problem, just did the same. Apparently even though on the ubuntu website Wubi is quite promoted as "click and play" - it's quite problematic. Some of the problems are due to the ntfs-3g driver which is, well, buggy. They have a commercial version of the driver (you know, $$) which works better.
To sum up, you'd need to install Ubuntu on a separate drive, with no ntfs partitions on it.


Window borders missing - gtk-window-decorator segmentation fault I have been using Ubuntu for about 1 year now and I got a problem just two days ago. Suddenly I started experiencing a problem with the window borders (title bar with close, maximize, and minimize buttons).

The problem :

The window borders disappear
I run "gtk-window-decorator --replace"
For like 20 seconds everything is back to normal
But it again returns to the problem.

I searched over the Internet and found that my problem is similar to what is specified in this bug report: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/compiz/+bug/814091

This bug report says that the "fix released". I updated everything using the Update Manager, but still the problem remains.

Can anyone let me know whether the problem is fixed? If yes, can you please let me know how to do it?

I have already tried normal replace/reset commands like

unity --reset
unity --replace
compiz --replace

The "window borders" plugin is on in CCSM (CompizConfig Settings Manager) and it points to "gtk-window-decorator".

I use Ubuntu 11.10 on an Intel Core2Duo T6500 with AMD Mobility Radeon HD 4300 graphics card.

If you need more information, please let me know.

Solution: I tried many methods to bring it to normal and finally the following worked.
I removed the folders

~/.gconf2
~/.gnome2
~/.compiz-1

And restarted X (Ctrl+Alt+Bksp) .

Now window title bars are working as usual .

But if I try to customize my themes, it goes back to being problematic

I am happy with the default - Adwaita theme with Ubuntu-Mono-Dark icons.

Hope this would help someone in the future.

Thanks for all who gave me valuable suggestions..

fixed missing borders by instaling compiz fusion icon and changing Window Manager to Xfwm4 under the fusion icon menus

borders are back now.


Wifi disconnected after resume 16.04 - Other solutions don't work I am a new Ubuntu user and have so far really enjoyed it. However, I spent around 3 hours yesterday trying to get my wifi to resume after my laptop wakes from sleep mode (it works if i reboot). I have scoured message boards and all the links on google are purple 3 or 4 pages in for every search result on this matter. Therefore, I don't think this question will be a repeat.

I have

A Dell Inspiron 15
AMD A6-6310
Ubuntu A6-6310
My wireless card is labeled as (device) wlp3s0 (driver) ath9k

and I have tried the following:

I have put these into a config folder in /config.d

SUSPEND_MODULES="$SUSPEND_MODULES ath9k"

SUSPEND_MODULES="ath9k"

I have created executable files in /sleep.d such as:

 #!/bin/sh
#Tell Network Manager that resume was successful
case "$1" in
        thaw)
       /usr/bin/nmcli nm sleep false
      ;;
 esac

#!/bin/sh

case "${1}" in
 resume|thaw)
 nmcli r wifi off && nmcli r wifi on ;;
esac

and many other variants thereof.

Also, this restarts the NetworkManager but does not connect wifi again:

sudo service network-manager restart

There are a couple other things I have tried that I can't exactly remember with commands like nmcli d wifi on, or something. They didnt work.

Now, I may be wrong, but I think the problem might lie in this:

sudo nmcli nm sleep false

Now, my terminal does NOT recognize "nm" and says:

sudo nmcli nm sleep false

and when I pull up the menu for nmcli, nm is nowhere in the object list. I feel like this might be the key to the problem. So, is there anything that I haven't done that I should do and is there any way to "fix" the "nm" problem? Thanks in advance!

EDIT: Driver misbehavior on returning from suspend is a problem I've run across several times with several network interfaces across several operating systems. The only thing I've found to be effective across all of these is to turn power management off for the WiFi card. After reviewing the adjustments I made to a system to resolve a similar problem I offer the following resolution.

First we will make a backup of existing default power management settings with:

sudo cp /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf.bak

Next we will edit the content to turn power management for WiFi off entirely. with gksu gedit /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf which contains the default value wifi.powersave = 3 which enables power saving on the WiFi device. Changing the content of this file to:

[connection]
wifi.powersave = 0

Completing the above and also renaming my interface to wlan0
resolved my issues under 16.04

Once that is done you'll need to reboot or issue the command sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager to restart Network Manager

Note: My card does not have an Atheros chip and is identified as follows:

*-network
       description: Wireless interface
       product: RT2561/RT61 802.11g PCI
       vendor: Ralink corp.
       physical id: 1
       bus info: pci@0000:04:01.0
       logical name: wlan0
       version: 00
       serial: 00:1a:ef:03:00:aa
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless

Alternatives that may work for others with a similar problem are:

Put the bash script below in your /etc/pm/sleep.d folder
with a name like 99_wifiup.

NOTE: The 99_ is needed where the 99 is the highest number in the folder to ensure it runs last.

You'll need to insure that the script has execute permissions and you'll need superuser (sudo) permissions to write the file there.
Once in place every time you come out of suspend it will run.

#!/bin/bash

case "$1" in
suspend | hibernate)
# executed on suspend
;;
resume | thaw)
# executed on resume
/usr/sbin/rfkill block all
/usr/sbin/rfkill unblock all
/sbin/iwlist wlan0 scan
;;
*)
;;
esac

If that doesn't work it should be worth exploring modifying the script to issue the commands nmcli networking off on suspend and nmcli networking on on thaw.

If none of these solutions work for you and you notice other anomalies you may have a faulty WiFi adapter or perhaps this bug has been resurrected.

Sources:

Modified /etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf and /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules on one of my systems.

Mickeypop post #9 https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2321399

man nmcli

https://gist.github.com/jcberthon/ea8cfe278998968ba7c5a95344bc8b55

few commands to try (in addition to the above), if you find one of them to work (when running manually) - add it to one of the scripts you mentioned in the question to be run during wakeup.

restart network & wifi related services:

sudo service wpa_supplicant restart

sudo service network-manager restart

restart the network card:

sudo ifconfig wlan0 down && sudo ifconfig wlan0 up

force wifi card mode:

sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid any

(on older ubuntu versions the state is called auto, not any)

reload the network card kernel drivers (the list might need to be updated for your drivers, the list was taken from a script I use on another model):

sudo rmmod ath9k ath9k_common ath9k_hw ath mac80211 rndis_wlan cfg80211 rndis_host cdc_ether usbnet && sleep 1 && sudo modprobe -a usbnet cdc_ether rndis_host cfg80211 rndis_wlan mac80211 ath ath9k_hw ath9k_common ath9k