sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set: what does it mean? sudo fdisk -l

sudo: /usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set

How to access permission to sda ( Primary HDD )

Your /usr/bin/sudo executable has either a wrong owner or permission set.

No matter which one applies here, the following two commands should fix it:

pkexec chown root: /usr/bin/sudo
pkexec chmod 4755 /usr/bin/sudo

After that, sudo should be working normally again and you will be able to use it to run fdisk with root privileges with it.

Did you check this link already? It might help you.

/usr/bin/sudo must be owned by uid 0 and have the setuid bit set

If it does not help, let us know if you are able to gain supervisor privileges (substitute user to root):

$ su -

Correct permissions for sudo looks as below:

$ ll /usr/bin/sudo
-rwsr-xr-x 1 root root 136808 May  4 20:25 /usr/bin/sudo*


How to troubleshoot slow shutdown? When I shutdown my computer there is some annoying delay, it takes about 5-10 seconds in 13.10 when in the previous version it was almost instantaneous.

During shutdown I press escape to cancel the splash screen and can see that a big part of the delay is after "Asking all remaining process to terminate...", and then there is "Killing all remaining processes".  I have filmed the process with my video camera to check which processes had to be killed, but they didn't chat anything to the terminal.

I previously had this same issue in 11.10, and I resolved it as answered here, however this did not work for me in 13.10.

How to identify the cause of delays in the shutdown process, and fix them?

Turn on reporting for misbehaving applications:

Open /etc/init.d/sendsigs in your favourite text editor, with root privileges (e.g sudo vi /etc/init.d/sendsigs or gksu /etc/init.d/sendsigs). Search for the line #report_unkillable and uncomment it (i.e. remove the # tag). Save the file.
Make sure that apport is enabled: Edit the file /etc/default/apport so it reads enabled=1. (If it was enabled=0 then reboot, so apport can start.)
Shutdown.
Upon the next boot apport should come up with a message telling you that there was some kind of problem with a program. That is the one causing the delay. And there should be a crash report in /var/crash . (If apport doesn't report the name, then just look in the crash file, in the end of the file there will be something like Title: MISBEHAVING_PROGRAMNAME does not terminate at computer shutdown)

Have you tried this? Open terminal and type

sudo shutdown now

This might help.


Openshot 1.4.3 no longer recognising blender when making animated titles I was using openshot and blender to create some animated titles and it was working fine until openshot just started to cry out for blender for no apparent reason. The previews work fine, and some appear to be working. It seems like simple ones involving just text work but any that require 3D modelling do not work. Here's the error I get:

  Blender, the free open source 3D content creation suite is required for this action (http://www.blender.org).

  Please check the preferences in OpenShot and be sure the Blender executable is correct.  This setting should be the path of the 'blender' executable on your computer.  Also, please be sure that it is pointing to Blender version 2.62 or greater.

  Blender Path:
  blender

  Error Output:
  No frame was found in the output from Blender

But it was working fine from the same directory before. And it should be a compatible version, as I've got 2.66a installed.

The only thing I can think is that this started happening after Ubuntu (13.04 Raring Ringtail) updated some python files. I'm not sure what they were exactly, but I know there was an update involving Python which I know blender needs to function, so it could be a bug in the latest Python or blender being incompatible with it.

I can also open blender and use it just fine, but I haven't tried rendering anything in it yet because I don't know how to use it, so I'd have nothing to render!

Thanks in advance, let me know if you need any more information and/or logs (but I'm a complete Ubuntu noob, so I'll need some help if you do want any logs :P).

EDIT: Just read Openshot's blog and saw that 1.4.4 was released and available through their PPA. I tried installing that, but the problem hasn't gone away. Here's the PPA if you're interested:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:openshot.developers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install openshot openshot-doc

Another edit: Figuring it was a problem with blender I downloaded the latest version (2.68a) which comes in a .tar.bz2 file which is supposed to be run like a portable application. After redirecting openshot's blender directory to the extracted files the problem still remains. Got it from this site:

  http://www.blender.org/download/get-blender/

Found this on another site and it worked for me.  Very simple solution! "I'm using Ubuntu 14.04.1 and needed to change the location of blender from the default of 'blender' to '/usr/bin/blender' since this is the path used to access blender. From a terminal screen type 'which blender' (omitting quotes) will display the path to the blender executable. Enter the entire output line including the / at the beginning into the Blender location line of preferences." Thanks to rdgreenlaw (rgreenlaw) at https://answers.launchpad.net/openshot/+question/249837

Taken from here. Open a terminal and run these commands:

 cd /usr/share/pyshared/openshot/blender/scripts/
 sudo cp -f dissolve.py dissolve-back.py
 sudo gedit /usr/share/pyshared/openshot/blender/scripts/dissolve.py

Now, find this line:

ActiveObjectText.modifiers['Remesh'].remove_disconnected_pieces=False

And change it to:

 ActiveObjectText.modifiers['Remesh'].use_remove_disconnected = False

And this line:

ActiveObjectText.particle_systems['ParticleSystem'].settings.adaptive_subframes= True

Should be changed to:

ActiveObjectText.particle_systems['ParticleSystem'].settings.use_adaptive_subframes= True

Save the file and exit.


Repeat Keys settings don't work after reboot in Gnome I'm not even sure where to start diagnosing this problem, and I'm looking for help.
In Settings > Universal Access, in the "Typing" section I have "Repeat Keys" turned on.
The problem is that if I reboot those settings don't work.
If I got back into the settings, it shows the option as enabled.
Turning it off and back on again fixes the problem, but it's annoying to do that after every reboot.
This is on 20.04.01 LTS.

You have to press 'save settings' or go into the UEFI settings and turn it on there the go > exit > save changes > or exit and save changes. You can go there pressing F12.


Shift + F3 (backward search) doesn' work in google chrome in xubuntu I have a problem:

Shift + F3 (backward search) doesn' work in web browser in xubuntu.

Does anybody know how to solve it?

P.S. I'm not sure 100 percent, but from what I see in hotkeys in system settings, no action is assigned on this keys combination.

You are probably experiencing this issue reported for chromium browser.

Actually this is a bug in GTK+ version, shipped with Ubuntu.
Chromium developers implemented a workaround in dev channel but it should take a while to appear it in stable channel.

Now you can use CTRL-Shift-G as a workaround or wait until GTK+ get fixed or wait for workaround to appear in stable channel.

Rather than this you can use find(Ctrl+F) in your browser......It's also same.......That's it......


When maas server goes down I'm running maas on 7 server.

When my maas server goes down, what happen?

When I and running 7 compute in maas cluster and just goes down one server,  what happen?

I have been playing and testing with MAAS. The above answer is correct if the MAAS goes down you do not actually loose any services. When the service comes back up then it's up and there is no disruption of services. The thing is, i haven't found a good way to run MAAS in an HA setup or proper documentation on which parts of the MAAS need to be backed up so that you can recover the server. Frankly MAAS documentation is lacking quite a bit.

If you want the video below

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HjKHD5rv7A

you can unplug the MAAS and Landscape server and the stack will stay online


Can't get rid of PHP 5.4.4 I recently upgraded from PHP 5.3.4 to PHP 5.4.4, and now I want to downgrade. I removed all the packages through apt-get remove php5 after removing the repository, and then ran apt-get install php5 but still, Apache can't start now and the error log shows:

[Thu Aug 23 19:01:10 2012] [notice] Apache/2.2.17 (Ubuntu) PHP/5.4.4-4~natty+1 configured -- resuming normal operations

I even ran this to make sure there is no more 5.4.4:

root@server:~# apt-cache policy php5
php5:
  Installed: 5.3.5-1ubuntu7.10
  Candidate: 5.3.5-1ubuntu7.10
  Version table:
 *** 5.3.5-1ubuntu7.10 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-updates/main i386 Packages
        500 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty-security/main i386 Packages
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     5.3.5-1ubuntu7 0
        500 http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ natty/main i386 Packages

How do I fix this?

when you did apt-get remove php5 you have just removed the meta-package.

To list all php5 packages you have installed you need to do: dpkg -l '*php5*' and then remove all installed, or just do apt-get remove php5-common, which will remove "base" package which is the dependency of all other php5 packages in the dependency chain and thus remove all installed php5 packages.

Cheers,
Ondrej

You could try

sudo apt-get purge php5-*


ERROR 1045(28000) : Access denied for user 'root@localhost' (using password: no ) I'm trying to install queXS cati app on my Ubuntu desktop and I installed MySQL server and PHP 5 and I cannot login into MySQL server as root without password:

mysql -u root

it says

ERROR 1045(28000) : Access denied for user 'root@localhost' (using password: no )

But it's okay when I enter mysql -u root -p

I can't figure out what the problem is.

Add switch -p for password based login:

mysql -u root -p

That is the normal behaviour. You set a root password for your database so from now on you can't access it without password. That is why it reports:

  Access denied for user 'root@localhost' (using password: no )

Obviously when you give the password with the -p switch you succeed.

Login to webmin and under servers, access the mySQLdatabase server.You will then be able to set the (user) password provided you have:

mysql -u (**user**) -p < /usr/share/doc/rsyslog-mysql-5.8.10/createDB.sql.

The web gui is easy but to be secure use the terminal.

cheers.


smesynccenter --hidden --syncall I installed sme storage to use onedrive.
Something did not work and sme was uninstalled but now I have this in System Register:

ct4er-linux CRON[4119]: (ct4er) CMD (DISPLAY=:0; export DISPLAY; LANG=pt_PT.UTF-8; export LANG; /usr/bin/smesynccenter --hidden --syncall

How to stop this?

You should look for an entry with a similar command in the crontab. Delete the entry in the crontab.

For listing the crontab:

crontab -u [user] -l

Then remove the entry.


Where are shell/terminal settings stored? I updated my Ubuntu but it crashed during installation and I was not able to recover it (my hard drive crashed). I changed my hard drive and re-install ubuntu

I saved all my important docs (bookmark, documents etc...)

One thing I was unable to recover is the profile from my shell (I changed the color scheme, title, number of lines scrollback etc...)

Where can I save this so next time something happens I won't have to set my terminal settings all over again?

GNOME Terminal profiles are stored in: ~/.gconf/apps/gnome-terminal/profiles.

(You might want to back up the whole .gconf directory, though.)

If you have a separate /home partition and if u don't format it while installing Ubuntu, all your user settings will remain intact (since all user settings will be stored in /home partition). Its always advisable to create multiple partitions (one independent partition for / so that while reinstall only that partition can be formatted)


Terminal command to set audio volume? I have an external sound card which mostly works fine, except that when its first plugged in, or when I turn on my laptop, the volume gets set to 100%. That is, the overall system volume, as shown in the sound indicator.

What I'm looking for is a terminal command that will set that volume to 50%, so that I can run it on login and not have to worry that the first audio I play is going to blare out at me if I forget to turn the volume down. What commands allow you to change that volume, i.e. the one in the sound indicator?

I've poked around in gsettings and dbus, but have been unable to find anything that would let me set the system volume like that. I do know about alsamixer, but that's not the solution I'm looking for, since that doesn't allow me to change the volume using the sound indicator or my laptop's multimedia keys.

Parts of this answer comes from Setting microphone input volume using the command line?, placed here for your convenience.

Increase volume by 5%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%+

Decrease volume by 5%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 5%-

Set volume to 50%

amixer -D pulse sset Master 50%

  If you are using ALSA, amixer can be helpful for your script
  programming.

  When dropping the amixer --help command in a terminal you will see
  something like this:

  Depending on your soundcard, levels may be different than mine, but
  you can use alsamixer in the terminal in order to check which levels
  and which features in your sound card you can call in a command to set
  the volume as you wish.

  In my example, with my principal sound card (I have 2: the embedded
  and a PCI audio card), levels are from 0 to 100, this way I can change
  the volume of a desired input/output in my soundcard by dropping in a
  terminal the next command:

amixer -c 0 set Front 50DB
amixer -c 0 set Front 64DB

  In the first command, the result will set the Front panel output to
  78% level and the second one will set the Front panel output to 100%
  level.

  In order to gather information related to your mixer controls, drop
  the amixer command with no parameters and you will get a list. Or
  indicate which audio device you wish to see a list of controls with
  amixer -c X (where "X" is the number of your audio device).

  BTW: Remember that DB values are calculated logarithmically and not
  linearly.

Remember that this command allow you to control parameters on whatever sound device you are currently using.

Good luck!

This options do not show the volume change notification on Gnome Desktop ... If that is what some of you are looking as well, as I was.
Here a short script that solves the problem.
https://github.com/garrett92895/gnome-volume-step-osd
(Controlling the volume while still showing the volume chage on screen for Gnome Desktop environment)


External links are opened as blank tabs in new browser window in Chrome Since I installed Ubuntu (fresh install on a new machine), and set Google Chrome as default browser, whenever I open links from external apps these are open as blank tabs in new browser window (no actual redirection to site, just a blank tab).

I switched to Firefox and this behavior doesn't persist. If I switch back to Chrome as default browser (via default apps) it happens again.

I noticed that both in Unity Launcher and from the default app settings, Chrome isn't called just 'Google Chome' but 'New Tab - Google Chrome'. Not sure if this is related or how to fix it. I made some searches that suggest to look for mimeapps.list or check that the google-chrome-stable.desktop contains a %U value, but none of these helped.

This is an extract of the .desktop entry by the way:

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Name=Google Chrome
Exec=/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable %U
Terminal=false
Icon=google-chrome
Type=Application
Categories=Network;WebBrowser;
MimeType=text/html;text/xml;application/xhtml_xml;image/webp;x-scheme-handler/http;x-scheme-handler/https;x-scheme-handler/ftp;
X-Ayatana-Desktop-Shortcuts=NewWindow;NewIncognito

this is mimeapps.list

[Default Applications]
text/html=google-chrome.desktop
x-scheme-handler/http=google-chrome.desktop
x-scheme-handler/https=google-chrome.desktop
x-scheme-handler/about=google-chrome.desktop
x-scheme-handler/unknown=google-chrome.desktop

As unfulvio said, the issue is with google-chrome.desktop, and it is missing the %U argument .

Open file: $HOME/.local/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop

Find the line:

Exec=/opt/google/chrome/chrome

Add a space and %U:

Exec=/opt/google/chrome/chrome %U

Then save the file.

I think I solved by removing this .desktop entry:

rm $HOME/.local/share/applications/google-chrome.desktop

which had the erroneous name New Tab - Google Chrome and was responsible for the new window/tab behavior described in my original question

I had to recreate the app icon after that, though


Deactivate volume amplification? I would like to deactivate the amplification feature on my sound volume slider. Using any amplification makes the sound really bad with clipping sounds taking over.

It's really annoying to have to worry about where the amplification starts/stops when adjusting the slider from my keyboard or through the Gnome panel (sound thingy). I have to open the "Sound preferences"  after each time adjusting the volume and ensure that the level is set to 100% unamplified.

So can I do this someway easy in Ubuntu 10.10?

Actually, you CAN slide all the way up: when using the indicator applet icon, the max slider IS 100% unamplified

To raise it ABOVE 100% (ie, to use amplified levels), you must go Sound Preferences.

So, when using the applet icont, go ahead and dont worry, it wont be amplified.

You can check this yourself: open the Sound Preferences window, and leave it open, visible on the desktop

Now access the indicator apllet icon, and slide up and down the volume level. Compare them (both will slide at the same time), and you will see that, using the applet, you can only go as far as 100% unamplified.

Hope that helps!

(i also had the same concern when i started using Ubuntu.. its a huge relief when you realize you dont have to open Sound Preferences anymore to "adjust"  it ;)

If you have a nice hifi system (like I do), then your best option is to get rid of pulseaudio completely and use hardware volume control from alsa directly.
It makes a BIG difference.
just apt-get remove pulseaudio
You will lose a bit of flexibility (like playing lots of sounds simultaneously), but it will really make for much better sound experience.


Partition Mount Point "/" I am new to ubuntu, and I installed it following one tutorial. In the tutorial it says it is enough to give "/" 30 GiB. However, now my "/" is 60% occupied. Is this normal? Should I give more space to it?

I reinstalled ubuntu once, I am guessing if this caused that high occupation.

You have installed with a 30 GB root partition (/, sdb6) for the system files, and a separate 261 GB partition for home (sdb5). In such setup, all your user data will go into the separate home partition, which provides plenty space.

Ubuntu typically needs no more than 10-12 GB for system files (/). 30 GB is plenty for a system partition if you have a separate home partition.

You are now at 18 GB, which is relatively much. This could be due to many old kernels still remaining on the system, or on large log files. Or perhaps other than Ubuntu system files have been put at some time on that partition 30 GB for a separate home partition is plenty. You may want to examine the contents of that partition sdb6 using a tool such as Disk Usage Analyzer to see what might be causing this larger disk space use.

It might be wise to do that from a live session, started from an installation CD or USB. Perhaps, some old user data is present in the /home folder on the system partition sdb6. Since currently, your separate /home (sdb5) partition is mounted on that folder, the contents that might be in there are currently obscured. When you work from a live session, nothing will be mounted on the folders of your system partition (sdb6).

Look "/" is called root partition in linux and all files are stored under it.  You can choose size by expecting what you want to do in ubuntu


Hidden files showed in the dash Possible Duplicate:
  Hidden files are shown in Dash

Hidden files (With (.) before the name) are showed in the dash.
Is there any way to fix it? The Ubuntu version is 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot.

I think your keyboard layout is not fix all keys and select perfect layout.


Where can I find ubuntu-10.04.1-netbook-i386.iso? In the various download repositories, there are 10.04.1 ISO images of Ubuntu desktop, alternate and server editions, but I can only find the original ubuntu-10.04-netbook-i386.iso, not an updated ubuntu-10.04.1-netbook-i386.iso. Is the latter ISO available somewhere? If no, why doesn't the Ubuntu maintainers create one for this version.

Unfortunately, there is no netbook iso for 10.04.1. For some reason, unlike the desktop and server editions, Ubuntu Netbook 10.04 is not considered a Long Term Support (LTS) release. Though, all hope is not lost. If you install from the original ubuntu-10.04-netbook-i386.iso and apply all the updates, you will effectively have Ubuntu Netbook 10.04.1. If you look at 10.04.1's changelog, it includes many netbook fixes even though it is not a LTS.

The official site will give you the newest, 10.10, or you can go here for 10.04.1 - http://releases.ubuntu.com/lucid/


How to fix fonts in Google Earth 6? I downloaded and installed Google Earth 6 64-bit from its website. And then like many users, I also encountered the ugly fonts on starting the app. I've tried installing lsb-core and ttf-mscorefonts-installer, but I found that both are already installed. Could someone help me fix this?

I've just installed Xubuntu 11.10 on my 64-bit machine, and downloaded and installed the 64-bit .deb package for Google earth 6.2, and had the same problem with the awful font.

I followed the instructions on page http://omgubuntu.co.uk/2012/01/how-to-make-google-earth-look-native-in-ubuntu, and they solved the problem. To paraphrase:

First, close Google Earth if it's running.
In a terminal emulator, give the following commands:

cd /opt/google/earth/
sudo rm libcurl.so.4 libGLU.so.1 libnss_mdns4_minimal.so.2 libQtCore.so.4 libQtGui.so.4 libQtNetwork.so.4 libQtWebKit.so.4

Use any editor to edit file /opt/google/earth/googleearth -- but you have to do it as a root, so for instance, the following command from a terminal emulator would work:

sudo nano /opt/google/earth/googleearth

Now add the line export LD_PRELOAD=libfreeimage.so.3 as the second last line of file googleearth -- that is, just before the line LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH ./googleearth-bin "$@" -- and save the file.
Obtain the file libfreeimage.so.3 (removed broken link)
Edit: Since the link is broken you can obtain the file in this package
If your machine is 64-bit, download the file libphonon.so.4 (removed broken link)
Edit: Since the link is broken you can obtain the file in this package
In a terminal emulator, give the following commands (the ones concerning libphonon.so.4 only if your machine is 64-bit):

cd /opt/google/earth/
sudo cp ~/Downloads/libfreeimage.so.3 .
sudo cp ~/Downloads/libphonon.so.4 .
sudo chmod a+x libfreeimage.so.3
sudo chmod a+x libphonon.so.4
sudo apt-get install libcurl4-openssl-dev libqtwebkit4

Restart Google Earth. The fonts should now look normal.

I've found that logging out/rebooting sorts the ugly fonts out.


How to fix apt-get "unmet dependecies" errors? Whenever I try to install anything with apt-get, I get error messages:
apt-get install abinit
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 libpng12-0 : Breaks: libpng12-0:i386 (!= 1.2.54-1ubuntu1) but 1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1 is to be installed
 libpng12-0:i386 : Breaks: libpng12-0 (!= 1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1) but 1.2.54-1ubuntu1 is to be installed
 libpng12-dev : Depends: libpng12-0 (= 1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1) but 1.2.54-1ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

How can I fix this?  If I try the suggested apt-get -f install command, it complains:
Preparing to unpack .../libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb ...
Unpacking libpng12-0:amd64 (1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1) over (1.2.54-1ubuntu1) ...
dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb (--unpack):
 trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/doc/libpng12-0/changelog.Debian.gz', which is different from other instances of package libpng12-0:amd64
Processing triggers for libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu11.2) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/libpng12-0_1.2.54-1ubuntu1.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

What would a smart person do?

This line seems significant:
trying to overwrite shared '/usr/share/doc/libpng12-0/changelog.Debian.gz'
An older post (What is changelog.Debian.gz file during packaging?) suggests that you can safely remove changelog.Debian.gz (and you can certainly back it up with sudo cp /usr/share/doc/libpng12-0/changelog.Debian.gz ~/Desktop/changelog.Debian.gz)
So in this case I would start by removing the changelog, and then updating.
Usually, when I'm getting errors with apt or apt-get I also just run sudo apt-get clean to do some basic tidying.

Reconfigure the package database with sudo dpkg --configure -a. Then try again. If this still doesn't work, try removing libpng.


Ubuntu 12.04 default wallpaper for all users I want to be able to change the default background (wallpaper) for all new accounts. Not enforce it after that, but it should be on as default choice. I need to do this on 12.04 with unity and I need to be able to do it from the shell (as it will be installed through a package). Any ideas?

I've done this using gsettings for GNOME3, simply having a package with

debian/gsettings-override:

[org.gnome.desktop.background]
picture-uri='file:///usr/share/my-background-package/my-background.png'

for example (I'm guessing similar mechanisms exists for xfce and kde as well, though you might have to explicitly install the override there..).

And then making sure that the package installs this background in that location via

debian/install:

my-background.png usr/share/my-background-package

and storing the image as my-background.png in the root of the package source.

gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.background picture-uri file://<path_to_pic>
Run it once on the computers in question.


Extreme difficulty setting up VPN Oh my god, there are so many tutorials out there, and all of them involve complicated instructions that don't work. I'm really about to cry, and it's the first time I'm getting emotional over a computer thing.

I need to set up a VPN, like I could by double clicking Hotspot Shield on Ubuntu. I tried OpenVPN, part of their instructions went like this:

mkdir /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/
cp -r /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/* /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa/

Here's what happened:

cp: cannot stat ‘/usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/easy-rsa/2.0/2.0/*’: No such file or directory

Can someone please help me? I'll be very grateful.

Make sure easy-rsa is installed:

sudo apt-get install easy-rsa

If you are using 14.04.1 the command to create the easy-rsa dir and add everything you need is:

sudo make-cadir /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa

After that you can just cd to /etc/openvpn/easy-rsa and create your keys as the tutorial says.

Hope this helps!

as a pure Debian fan, please consult: https://wiki.debian.org/OpenVPN
Chapter: TLS-enabled VPN
Where is stated that from Jessie and above easy-rsa is located in: /usr/share/easy-rsa/
Everything else is the same....

Best regards,
Vedro


How do I change keyboards from the command line? How I change keyboard layouts from the command-line?  For example, I want to switch from English to Hebrew.  I'm able to do it from lightdm with the little icon in the corner of my screen.

You can find all the different keymaps in the following locations:

/usr/share/keymaps/i386/
/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/i386/
/usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/

  To change the keyboard layout (e.g. to Spanish) in the Linux command
  line, type the following command:

loadkeys es

For X:

setxkbmap es

  To make these changes system wide, assuming you’re using Ubuntu, you
  can use the following:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

Just out of curiosity, why would you do that ? Why would you open a terminal and they type a command to switch your keyboard layout when you can do so by a simple keyboard shortcut ! Assuming you use Ubuntu , it goes as Windows + Space


Is there a way to create multiple directories at once with mkdir? If I wanted to create multiple directories (on the same level) and then feed it a comma seperated list of directory names (or something to that effect)?

You can use lists to create directories and it can get pretty wild.

Some examples to get people thinking about it:

mkdir sa{1..50}
mkdir -p sa{1..50}/sax{1..50}
mkdir {a-z}12345
mkdir {1,2,3}
mkdir test{01..10}
mkdir -p `date '+%y%m%d'`/{1,2,3}
mkdir -p $USER/{1,2,3}

50 directories from sa1 through sa50
same but each of the directories will hold 50 times sax1 through sax50 (-p will create parent directories if they do not exist.
26 directories from a12345 through z12345
comma separated list makes dirs 1, 2 and 3.
10 directories from test01 through test10.
same as 4 but with the current date as a directory and 1,2,3 in it.
same as 4 but with the current user as a directory and 1,2,3 in it.

So, if I understood it correctly and you want to create some directories, and within them new directories, then you could do this:

mkdir -p sa{1..10}/{1,2,3}

and get sa1, sa2,...,sa10 and within each dirs 1, 2 and 3.

mkdir command takes multiple arguments simply run as below

mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 ... dirN

If you would like to create multiple subdirectories then you can pass those argument in {} as shown below (use only commas to separate the argument, without spaces).

mkdir dir1 dir2/{subdir1,subdir2,subdir3,subdirN} dir3 dirN


I want to create a Shorcut which execute a code when clicked I want to create a file, which will execute a code in terminal when dbl clicked.. Can this be done? If Yes, How?

Yes, you will need to create a file ending with a .sh file extension.
put
    #!/bin/bash
on the first line by itself.

Then enter your terminal code.

You will need to right-click on the file, choose properties, go to the permissions tab, and check the box to allow executing the file.

You may need to open nautilus and go to edit > preferences > behavior and choose run executable text files when they are opened, or ask each time.

You can right-click on the file to make a link, and choose make link. Double-clicking on the file that is generated will execute the code.


Boot repair Error Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS I am facing some problems after I rebooted my computer. It started to fail during booting. I am not sure what is the exact problem however I have noticed some weird problems in my BIOS setup, where the keyboard does not function properly. However I tried to use Boot repair from an Ubuntu USB and I got the following error:

  The boot files of [Ubuntu 16.04.2 LTS] are far from the start of the disk. Your BIOS may not detect them. You may want to retry after creating a /boot partition (EXT4, >200MB, start of the disk). This can be performed via tools such as gParted. Then select this partition via the [Separate /boot partition:] option of [Boot Repair]. (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootPartition)

Here is the link for the Boot-repair report:
http://paste.ubuntu.com/25966527/

I have seen from other posts that this error regarding the partition is sometimes misleading. I do not have a dual boot on this system.

Thank you very much for your help

I solved the problem by starting the ubuntu in upstart mode. Upstart mode gave me an error about fstab which I have edited some time ago to mount another harddrive. After I manually deleted the UID for the  second hard drive from fstab, the system started boot properly.

Maybe the BIOS was trying to read from the second hard drive all the time because of the fstab and that is why the boot-repair gave me the error about "boot files are far from the start of the disk"


Several crashes after upgrading to 14.10 from 14.04 I upgraded my system today from Ubuntu 14.04 to 14.10. There were issues because I was using Gnome 3.12 from "ppa:gnome3-team/gnome3-staging". I was able to fix the issues (unmet dependencies, broken packages). However, there are now several applications that crash regularly. My assumption is that this is because of the issues I had with Gnome after upgrading. Crashes only happen if specific operations are performed.

Applications that now regularly crash:

nautilus (e.g. when I right click on a file and choose "Open With ->
Other Application" or when I switch window from nautilus to something
else with Alt+Tab)
gnome-tweak-tool (e.g. when I try to change Window theme or to remove an extension)
background (when I click on the "Background" or "Lock Screen" image)

What I already tried (always with the same result as before):

Installed Gnome 3.14 using these instructions
Reinstalled applications

I appreciate any tips on what else I could try out.

So I resolved the issue now, but I did not found a simple solution. I basically did a fresh install of gnome:

Used synaptic to remove anything related to gnome, ubuntu-desktop and ubuntu-session (mark for complete removal)
Ran "sudo apt-get -f install" to resolve unmet dependencies
Ran "sudo apt-get install gnome-shell" to reinstall gnome

This did the trick for me.

just do a ppa purge everything will be F9

Run

sudo apt-get install ppa-purge

it will revert your system back to official versions of all gtk things that come by defAult

i hv dOnE it mAH selF ...||


Configuration of dropbox-nautilus package hangs while downloading dropbox binary While installing dropbox from the repositories, my laptop ran out of power, and so the system went into a broken state. When I rebooted, I tried two methods to set it right. One was

sudo dpkg --configure -a

and

sudo apt-get install -f

Both were working fine, and they were downloading the dropbox package, but owing to my slow internet connection here, it's never getting completed, and is stuck at (at most) 47 %. A sample terminal-shot is

Setting up nautilus-dropbox (1.4.0-3)...
Dropbox is the easiest way to share and store your files online. Want to learn more? Head to http://www.dropbox.com/
Downloading Dropbox... 16%

So if this doesn't get completed the package will remain broken for ever, and I won't be able to install more software. So if there any way, I can rollback and then download dropbox from the site instead?

When I run dpkg -l | grep -v ^ii

Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold
| Status=Not/Inst/Conf-files/Unpacked/halF-conf/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad)
||/ Name                                      Version                                   Architecture Description
+++-=========================================-=========================================-============-==============================================================================
rc  libavcodec53:i386                         6:0.8.5-0ubuntu0.12.10.1                  i386         Libav codec library
rc  libavutil51:i386                          6:0.8.5-0ubuntu0.12.10.1                  i386         Libav utility library
iF  nautilus-dropbox                          1.4.0-3                                   i386         Dropbox integration for Nautilus

Let's fool nautilus-dropbox configuration scripts.

Backup some files:

sudo cp -a /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.postinst /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.postinst.bkp
sudo cp -a /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.prerm /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.prerm.bkp

Write new empty postinst and prerm scripts:

echo '#!/bin/sh' | sudo tee /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.postinst
echo 'exit 0' | sudo tee -a /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.postinst
sudo cp -a /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.postinst /var/lib/dpkg/info/nautilus-dropbox.prerm

Now you should be able to remove nautilus-dropbox:

sudo apt-get purge nautilus-dropbox

I just had the same problem and could fix it by running:

sudo dpkg --configure -a

and canceling it with CTRL+C. Then

sudo apt-get purge nautilus-dropbox

ran just fine.


How can I tell what version of Java I have installed? I want to start toying around with java (eventually getting to the point where I can write basic little programs for android or web), but I've managed to have java messed up on my computer (from past experiments).

I'm not sure which version of java I have, and would like to know if there is a command to see the version of java that is installed and active. Also, which version works best? All this on 32bit Ubuntu 12.04

EDIT:
Ok, so it seems like I have both openjdk 6 and 7, with openjdk 7 in use. I want to use openjdk 7, so how do I uninstall openjdk 6? Is just via USC good enough or is there a command that should be run?

The simplest way is:

update-java-alternatives -l shows you all the Java versions you have installed.

java -version shows you the Java version you are using.

java -showversion shows you the Java version you are using and help.

Normally it would be OpenJDK.

This what I did that worked for me :

Open your terminal :

control + alt + T

Then type ( or copy and paste from here ) these commands one at a time:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/oracle-java7-installer*
sudo apt-get purge oracle-java7-installer*
sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*java*
sudo apt-get update
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

Then to be on the safe side, I would reboot.

To find your java version type

java -version

and you should see output similar to this:

java version "1.7.0_04"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.7.0_04-b20)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 23.0-b21, mixed mode)

Although yours will be in 32 bits.

I highly suggest using Java 7, but the updates will try to install Java 6 too. That is OK. But your default should still come up as 7. Everything I have thrown at it works as long as your video card drivers work.

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?


How can I Dual boot Ubuntu 12.04 and Windows 8 I was wondering how can I dual boot windows 8 and Ubuntu 12.04 without any problems or errors. I am on windows 8 build 8400.

I have a windows 8/ 12.04 dual boot.

Due to a lack of drivers on the boot disk I needed to install 11.10 then upgrade. I followed these instructions: http://www.intowindows.com/dual-boot-windows-8-and-ubuntu/. I would guess they would work directly for 12.04 but I can't verify. After upgrading to 12.04 UEFI boot would load windows, legacy boot off of hard drive booted Ubuntu. Boot repair (https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair) fixed this, now UEFI boot gives grub with Ubuntu and windows options. You need to be running the 64-bit version for this last part, boot repair says 32-bit doesn't support UEFI boot.

i have ubuntu 12.04 64 bit install first and i want to install window 8

so first thing we need to do is divide our hardrive for window 8 using Gparted linux program CD and make Ubuntu live usb .

second divide hardrive NTFS file for window 8 using Gparted program CD and to use Gparted program CD must change boot pirority in Bio setting first and choose function boot from CD, otherwise you can not divide hardisk while you are running ubuntu.

thirst install window 8 CD in the part of hardrive where you have already divide.

and reboot computer so you will not see ubuntu anymore but dont worry

four reboot your computer using Ubuntu 12.04 64 bits live USB and run Ubuntu from USB ,and choose try Ubuntu function

five open ubuntu sofware center and download boot repair program and choose recommende function

reboot again and you are done


Laptop not responding after hibernating I just installed Ubuntu 14.04 on my Lenovo W510 and most everything works fine except when I close the laptop and it goes to sleep and I open it back up. The startup screen turns on and it looks normal, but the cursor doesn't blink on the password login. I can use my mouse but the keyboard doesn't respond at all. I haven't found many similar problems, but any advice would be much appreciated!

check the swap partition amount using disk utility.
I recently read through a lot info regarding partition set up.
I0 recall reading that if using a laptop or any form of Hibernation,
it is recommended that you set the "swap" partition to X2 your ram.
example: 4gb(4096MB) ram swap should be set to 8gb(8192MB)

-QUOTE from this site-
"In short: If you hibernate, allow your RAM size plus 1 GB (for instance, if you persist with buying 8 gigs of RAM, have a 9 gig swap partition). If you don't hibernate, don't bother with swap. You can always change your mind later and add it if you start doing high-end scientific analysis. "

I also had the same problem (W510, new installation of 14.04, computer unresponsive after closing and opening the laptop).  The problem did indeed go away when I increased the swap space available to 1G + twice my RAM.  (I have plenty of hard drive space, so I erred on the side of a large swap space.)

To add a larger swap file, I followed the excellent instructions on this web page:
https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-add-swap-on-ubuntu-14-04


How to Install Tata Photon Plus (VME 101 Olive)? I want to install VME 101 Olive with latest version of ubuntu also i need to know if there is any interface to run .exe files in the same.

Please help me i am a novice for Ubuntu.

You cant because .exe is the extension of winows executable files ,and you cant install windows drivers directly

here is the instruction to setup Tata Photon Plus (VME 101 Olive)  in linux

Plug in your device and you will notice the dialer on desktop , right click on the dialer and eject
it.
(Ejecting is compulsory )
17
On task Manger right click on the icon highlighted and select the option “Edit Connections “.

New window “Network Connections” will open > select Mobile Broadband option as displayed,

then click on “Add” option:
Select Forward without changing anything from drop down box:

Select Forward again without changing anything from drop down box:

Select TATA Indicom (Photon+) option & click on Forward:

Select “Apply”

After clicking “Apply” new window will pop up as displayed in picture below:

Fill the following details:-
Username –internet (small letters)

Password- internet (small letters)

Check the option “Connect automatically” & “Available to all users”, then click “Apply”.
20
8. After entering the details in above step, a pop up window will open and ask for password to
authenticate – you need to enter your admin password & after entering press authenticate.

9 . After authenticating the following window will be seen. Close the window.

10
Now single click on network connection and you will notice there will be a connection named as
“ Tata Indicom (Photon+) connection1 “ ----
Single click on the connection name & you will be connected to internet .

I got answer here check out this guy wrote some thing new http://www.techspyder.net/how-to-install-tata-photon-plus-dashboard-in-ubuntu/


I tried installing Python 3.7 on my WSL ubuntu 20.04 but it just won't install This is the command I used:
sudo apt-get install python3.7

But I got:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Note, selecting 'python3.7-2to3' for regex 'python3.7'
Note, selecting 'libpython3.7-stdlib' for regex 'python3.7'
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 91 not upgraded.

I faced the same issue and I solved it using the deadsnakes PPA.
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install python3.7


How to recover nice Ubuntu boot screen? My computer starts normally, but I would like to recover nice Ubuntu boot screen. GRUB is also working perfectly and from the moment I select option "Ubuntu 13.04" (in the GRUB where all systems are listed) I cannot see boot screen... The character "_" blinks and after some time NVidia logo appears and system starts normally.

This is the first few lines from the log file:

May 24 20:17:01 xxx CRON[2682]: (root) CMD (   cd / && run-parts --report
/etc/cron.hourly)
May 24 20:17:21 xxx colord: device removed: xrandr-Seiko Epson Corporation
May 24 20:17:21 xxx colord: Profile removed: icc-1a481a1e08438b83bedb96e72eb42d3a
May 24 20:17:24 xxx gnome-session[1854]: CRITICAL: gsm_manager_set_phase: assertion `GSM_IS_MANAGER (manager)' failed
May 24 20:17:24 xxx gnome-session[1854]: Gtk-CRITICAL: gtk_main_quit: assertion `main_loops != NULL' failed
May 24 20:19:19 xxx kernel: imklog 5.8.11, log source = /proc/kmsg started.
May 24 20:19:19 xxx rsyslogd: [origin software="rsyslogd" swVersion="5.8.11" x-pid="931" x-info="http://www.rsyslog.com"] start
May 24 20:19:19 xxx rsyslogd: rsyslogd's groupid changed to 103
May 24 20:19:19 xxx rsyslogd: rsyslogd's userid changed to 101
May 24 20:19:19 xxx rsyslogd-2039: Could not open output pipe '/dev/xconsole' [try http://www.rsyslog.com/e/2039 ]

If you mean the boot messages, that question is answered here

How can I show or hide boot messages when Ubuntu starts?

Not sure if this wil work but have you tried using boot-repair to restore grub to its default settings so to speak.

Have a look here:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair


"chmod: cannot operate on dangling symlink '/etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json" I am trying to install transmission on my Ubuntu 14.04 server and I am unsure whether to skip this part or not. I am trying to give permissions to a folder with
sudo chmod -R 770 /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json

but the output is
chmod: cannot operate on dangling symlink '/etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json

Am I doing something wrong or should I just skip this part or what?
I am following instructions from here: Install Transmission with web interface on Ubuntu, and I am at the end of step 5.
Update: Output of ls -l /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json:
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root debian-transmission 51 Oct 6 18:12 /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json -> /home/cam/.config/transmission-daemon/settings.json

I guess the file doesn't exist because when I run cd /home/cam/.config/transmission-daemon, then run dir, nothing shows up.

I believe you may have missed or been in the wrong directory when issuing the command below while following the poorly written tutorial.

sudo cp -a /etc/transmission-daemon/settings.json transmission-daemon/

If you didn't already remove the original you can resolve the problem by retracing your steps and reissuing the command after cd /home/user/.config/

If the file no longer exists you should re-install as suggested by Warpigs answer

Try this

sudo apt-get --purge autoremove transmission-cli transmission-common transmission-daemon

and then...

sudo apt-get install transmission-cli transmission-common transmission-daemon

go to /etc/transmission-daemon/ and check if setting.json is back.


Ubuntu 18.4 is extremely slow and laggy in VirtualBox Ubuntu 18.4 is running extremely slow and laggy in VirtualBox 5.2.16 I have added latest guest additions and it didn't help.
the RAM I have allocated to it, is 4096 MB and it has 2 cores for it with 3d acceleration on and I have nested paging enabled and VT-x/AMD-v enabled with the execution cap at 100% and I/O apic enabled vram is 128MB and 30 GB of storage.

I installed copizconfig settings manager and in OpenGL I unchecked frame buffer object and vertex buffer object which didn't help.

my host machine specs:
Intel Celeron CPU N2840 @ 2.16GHz 8GB of ram  x64

how can I make it faster and smoother???

Try unchecking the "Enable 3D Acceleration" checkbox in the Display tab in the VM settings. It seems counter-intuitive to me but it has sped up several Ubuntu VMs for me on several different hosts.

During the installation of Ubuntu, instead of using the automatic partition, do a manual partition.

To do it choose "Something else" in "Installation Type" step of installation. Check the screenshot:

It fixed my slow issue. Hope it will work for you also.


Window contents corrupt when scrolling in Chrome and vim/gvim I am running 14.04 as a guest on a Win8.1 host (over VirtualBox 4.3.17), 3D acceleration is enabled.

Since upgrading from 12.10 I have noticed that text/content will sometimes corrupt when I scroll a webpage in either Firefox or Chrome and in both terminal-only vim and gvim.

In vim it will happen that a text "update" (text inserted by tab completion or scrolled) will just not show, instead the background color is rendered.

In the browser case, scrolling leads to parts of the viewport showing a previous "frame" of the text, while others have updated to the current real location of the text in the viewport.

In both cases, a forced redraw of the app, by for example moving the window or taking a screenshot, will fix the view. This tells me the problem is happening at a deeper level, either the window manager or perhaps even the virtualized graphics card.

When I upgraded to 14.04 I also upgraded from VirtualBox 4.2.x (which simply was unable to run the newer version of Ubuntu) so I actually can't pinpoint this as a Ubuntu problem, a VirtualBox problem or an interaction between the two.

The question is, is this a known problem and what are the possible lines of attack to pinpoint the source and a possible solution?

EDIT

I have tried turning off 3D Acceleration and it seems that the problem then disappears, at least no scrolling artifacts appear even though scrolling gets much less responsive naturally.

I have reproduced the effect on a brand new install of Ubuntu 14.04.1, the problem is very noticeable in Chrome and more occasionally in vim/gvim.

I think it's a bug, so it's reported to VirtualBox folks at https://www.virtualbox.org/ticket/13620. I cannot find a solution other than to disable 3D acceleration. Still happens as of Ubuntu 14.10 x64 guest and VirtualBox 4.3.18 r96516.

New Kernel

New Xserver version

new stuff.

Upgrade Vbox tools via commandline:

  sudo apt-get install --reinstall virtualbox-guest*

Optionally purge first

  sudo apt-get purge virtualbox-*


sound stopped working on Ubuntu (Netbook) I'm using a chromebook, and I can't play sound because the drivers aren't supported on chromebook (I'm using 16.04). Any way around this?

Terminal output:

$ lspci -nnk | grep -A2 Audio
00:1b.0 Audio device [0403]: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series High Definition Audio Controller [8086:0f04] (rev 0e)
  Subsystem: Intel Corporation Atom Processor Z36xxx/Z37xxx Series High Definition Audio Controller [8086:0f04]
  Kernel driver in use: snd_hda_intel
  Kernel modules: snd_hda_intel

$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 7: HDMI 1 [HDMI 1]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

$ pactl list short sinks
0   alsa_output.pci-0000_00_1b.0.hdmi-stereo    module-alsa-card.c s16le 2ch 44100Hz    SUSPENDED

You could re-install related packages like amarok and of rhythmbox, with:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall rhythmbox amarok
sudo reboot

Install codec with this command:

sudo apt install ubuntu-restricted-extras


Wifi Not detecting in Ubuntu 16.04 I have a HP 15 AC122TU laptop having dual OS as Ubuntu 16.04 and Windows 8.1.My problem is that it doesn't detect wifi sometimes. If connection established it may result in a low speed and poor range. No such problem in other Operating System.Please help me?

Just disconnect, wait for a minute, and then just reconnect. I know it's annoying, but it works for me. Other than that, you may need patience and wait for Ubuntu to find a stability patch for that. This type of situation happens more often to me after i use Win8.1, and then switch to Ubuntu.


Is there a lightweight tool to crop images quickly? I need to crop images often - photos, printscreens, etc., and loading gimp for such a simple task takes way too long. Can you recommend a faster alternative?

Gthumb is a nice image viewing/editing tool with simple editing tools like cropping.

Instructions for cropping in gThumb 3.2.8

Open your image in gThumb

Open the Edit sidebar by pressing e or clicking on the easel in the top-right corner of the window

In the sidebar click on Crop and then crop the image as you desire

Once finished press Enter or Crop. Then, in the Edit sidebar press Save to overwrite the original file or Save As to save to a new image file.

just installed KolourPaint (part of the K desktop environment which appears to include GwenView), and that did it for me. seems stable under RHEL6.5, and i'll try it with Trusty tonight. i have very simple goals with this: support ctrl-V for paste directly after the app is started (something the otherwise great GwenView doesn't support), and simple cropping (in this case, ctrl-T) and copying back to the clipboard for reuse in an office or instant messaging app. it also supports several paint features. still not a full replacement for irfanview (if there even is one...beginning to conclude there really isn't), but i'll live.


Not able to install from ubuntu software center Not able to install any software from ubuntu software center. There is no response after pressing install button.

The error which I get

  Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/defer/init.py", line 475, in
  _inline_callbacks
     result = gen.send(result)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptdaemon/client.py", line 1622, in
  _run_transaction_helper

  daemon = get_aptdaemon(self.bus)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptdaemon/client.py", line 1696, in
  get_aptdaemon
     False),

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 241, in get_object
     follow_name_owner_changes=follow_name_owner_changes)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 248, in init
     self._named_service = conn.activate_name_owner(bus_name)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 180, in activate_name_owner
     self.start_service_by_name(bus_name)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 278, in
  start_service_by_name
     'su', (bus_name, flags)))

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/connection.py", line 651, in call_blocking
     message, timeout)
  dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Launch
  helper exited with unknown return code 1
  Traceback (most recent call last):
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/defer/init.py", line 475, in
  _inline_callbacks
     result = gen.send(result)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptdaemon/client.py", line 1622, in
  _run_transaction_helper
     daemon = get_aptdaemon(self.bus)
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/aptdaemon/client.py", line 1696, in
  get_aptdaemon
     False),
   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 241, in get_object
     follow_name_owner_changes=follow_name_owner_changes)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/proxies.py", line 248, in init
     self._named_service = conn.activate_name_owner(bus_name)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 180, in activate_name_owner
     self.start_service_by_name(bus_name)

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/bus.py", line 278, in
  start_service_by_name
     'su', (bus_name, flags)))

  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/dbus/connection.py", line 651, in call_blocking
     message, timeout)

  dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Launch
  helper exited with unknown return code 1

  dbus.exceptions.DBusException: org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.Spawn.ChildExited: Launch
  helper exited with unknown return code 1

Edit 1

New errors after running the command given in the answer.

I tried with sudo too.

A part of the error code

Removing /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/setuptools-1.4.1-py2.7.egg
Copying setuptools-1.4.1-py2.7.egg to /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages
setuptools 1.4.1 is already the active version in easy-install.pth
Installing easy_install script to /usr/local/bin
error: /usr/local/bin/easy_install: Permission denied
Something went wrong during the installation.
See the error message above.

permissions in your python packages are possibly not working , change its permission by using-

sudo chown -R $USER /usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/

-Replace USER with your login name, if this doesnt works check the output of -

/usr/lib/ubuntu-sso-client/ubuntu-sso-login

If it throw any error ImportError: No module named pkg_resources

then the reason behind this could be setup tools package has been deleted in my Python environment .to solve this use the following script-

curl https://bitbucket.org/pypa/setuptools/raw/bootstrap/ez_setup.py | python

hope it will work.


What is the equivalent of an "exe file"? I don't know what the exact executable file extension is. Is it .deb or .tar.gz?

I would summarize the system in the following way:

Linux extension    |Windows Equivalent    |Short description
------------------------------------------------------------
.so, .o            | .dll                 | Object that can be loaded at runtime (Similar to DLL)
.a                 | .lib                 | Static library
[none], .elf(rare),| .exe, .com(rare)     | Linux executables
  .bin(rare)       |                      |
.sh                | .bat                 | Shell script
.exe               | .exe                 | Mono application, Wine application
.deb               | .msi                 | Installer package for Debian/Ubuntu releases
                   |                      |   (Though .deb is much more powerful with
                   |                      |   native support for dependencies and repos). Note that .deb is actually a .ar archive with a special control file, a special file order, and a different extension.
.rpm               | .msi                 | Installer package for RedHat/CentOS releases.
.tar.gz, .tar, .gz | .zip                 | Compressed files that can contain a program or any other data, like images, documents, etc
.ko                | .sys                 | Drivers and kernel modules are loaded into the Linux kernel and have more hardware access than other programs.
.sh, .php, .py, etc| .bat, .cmd, .vbs,    | Linux is capable of running any file that it has an interpreter for.
                   |   .js                |   A line at the top of the file called the shebang specifies what interpreter to run the file with.
                   |                      |   Windows only supports .bat and .cmd files as Batch files, and .vbs (vbscript) and .js (JScript, not to be confused with JavaScript) via the Windows Script Host (WSH).

Any file that starts with #!(called a shebang or hashbang) on the first line is just a script. The path after the shebang is a path to the program (executable) that needs to parse the script, assuming that the execute permission has been set on the file with chmod a+x filename.

Therefore,  answer your original question, there is no extension, or rarely, it is .elf or .bin.

This has been made Community Wiki, so anyone can add an entry.

.deb Debian Package for Linux and TAR archive compressed with the standard GNU zip (gzip) compression algorithm; contains one or more compressed files; commonly used on Unix operating systems to package files, programs, and installers.

NOTE: TAR.GZ files must first be decompressed and then expanded using a TAR utility. They include both .TAR and .GZ file types.


How can I find files that I have modified? I am looking for files that I personally have edited. If it helps, I've used Sublime Text for editing. I have a brand new computer with setup issues, and I'm trying to retrace my steps to see if I've edited something that I shouldn't have.

I've seen this: Show recent modified/created files using Terminal but those files could have been changed by anything.

This could help

https://askubuntu.com/a/832816/602526

Cleaned up:

Grep is pretty powerfull.

how far back do you want to go?

grep sudo /var/log/auth.log


How do I set up my dual monitors? My config folder does not have monitors.xml in ubuntu 12.04 I tried creating a monitors.xml in config folder using gedit and just saved it there. rebooted but doesn't work.
I am trying this link.
http://www.sudo-juice.com/dual-monitor-settings-in-ubuntu/
But this requires that you should have monitors.xml but I don't have that file on config.

There's no need to manually edit configuration files for dual monitor in Ubuntu. Just plug in all monitors you want to use and go to System Settings → Screen Display to set everything up to your preference.


Installation Failure of VirtualBox Extension I'm attempting to add  the Oracle VM VirtualBox Extension Pack 4.2.12 to my VirtualBox Settings. When it asks me for authorization, I enter the same password I use with Ubuntu Software Center or any other request for authorization. I get this message after 3 attempts:

Failed to install the Extension Pack /home/camraman1/Downloads/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-4.2.12-84980.vbox-extpack.

The installer failed with exit code 1: GNOME_SUDO_PASS
Sorry, try again.
GNOME_SUDO_PASS
Sorry, try again.
sudo: 3 incorrect password attempts.
Result Code: NS_ERROR_FAILURE (0x80004005)
Component: ExtPackManager
Interface: IExtPackManager {3295e6ce-b051-47b2-9514-2c588bfe7554}

I'm a newbie in the world of Linux. A Windows user all of my life (except a brief time with Commodore), so I'm a old guy in a young person's world. Help me out. I've read and reread the manual. Obviously there are a few steps I must have missed or just don't understand.

I've created my VM using Windows XP. I've added myself to the Vboxusers group.

My system information is listed below.

-Computer-
   Processor            : 2x Intel(R) Core(TM)2 CPU 6400  @ 2.13GHz
   Memory               : 1010MB (701MB used)
   Operating System     : Ubuntu 12.04.2 LTS
   Date/Time            : Tue 07 May 2013 11:21:38 AM CDT
-Display-
   Resolution           : 1680x1050 pixels
 OpenGL Renderer        : Unknown
   X11 Vendor           : The X.Org Foundation
-Multimedia-
   Audio Adapter        : HDA-Intel - HDA Intel
-Input Devices-
   Power Button
   Power Button
   AT Translated Set 2 keyboard
   HDA Intel Line
   HDA Intel Front Mic
   HDA Intel Rear Mic
   HDA Intel Front Headphone
   HDA Intel Line-Out
   ImPS/2 Logitech Wheel Mouse
-Printers (CUPS)-
   Deskjet-3050-J610-series : Default
-SCSI Disks-
   NEC DVD_RW ND-3520A
   ATA Hitachi HDS72168
   TOSHIBA External USB 3.0
   Seagate FreeAgentDesktop
   PNY USB 2.0 FD

What other information do you need from me so I can begin using the VirtualBox software to it's fullest potential? Thanks in advance.

I know it is late but I have the same problem and this is a solution that works:

cd to the directory of extension pack file. (for ease of access, move it first to home).
run this command:

sudo VBoxManage extpack install <tarball>

where tarball is the full name of the extension pack file. BEWARE! Do not rename the file before hand. It should start with something like Oracle_VM_* and finished with *.vbox-extpack. Type that without the * mark, and then just hit TAB.

Move the package that you are installing the following directory:

mv name package  /usr/lib/virtualbox/ExtensionPacks

Then go to the directory where you moved:

cd /usr/lib/virtualbox/ExtensionPacks

Install the package:

sudo VBoxManage extpack install name package


Error while installing Oracle JDK 8 in Ubuntu 15.04 These commands both run successfully

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java
sudo apt-get update

But when I run sudo apt-get install oracle-java8-installer, it downloads the  JDK but then stops showing the following error:

dpkg: error processing package oracle-java8-installer (--configure):
  subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Open terminal and run the following commands,

sudo rm -rf /var/lib/dpkg/info/\*.\*`
sudo apt-get clean`
sudo apt-get install -f`
sudo apt-get update`


How can I replace Xubuntu with Lubuntu on a Windows XP laptop? I installed Xubuntu 11.10 on an old Windows XP in a separate partition. Later, I realized that I should have installed Lubuntu 11.10. Is there an easy way I can delete Xubuntu and replace it with a clean install of Lubuntu without deleting the partition? If not, what's the best way to delete Xubuntu and start over? By the way, this is my very first Linux install so I'm a definite newbie and would really like advice that does not involve using command lines. Thanks.

Well I know you want advice that does not involve command lines but you only have to copy and paste one line into the terminal. (although you'll need a root terminal)

Open a terminal (Ctrl+Alt+T usually works)

type
sudo -i

enter your password

copy and paste (paste in a terminal is CTRL+SHIFT+V) in:

apt-get install lubuntu-desktop -y && apt-get remove xubuntu-desktop -y

That's it

the "apt-get install" bit installs the ldxe desktop environment and all the programs that go with it, the "apt-get remove" bit removes all of xubuntu. You could also run apt-get autoremove to make sure everything has gone. Or you can just reinstall by downloading lubuntu and selecting remove xubuntu and install lubuntu instead during the install process.

Just use the software center or Synaptic to add the Lubuntu package, and boot into Lubuntu instead of Xubuntu on boot. Simple as that.

The answer from   Uri Herrera Jan 13 '12 at 22:51 is correct.


Can't type my username and password, random freeze at login My netbook runs a dual OS(Windows7 & Ubuntu 12.04). After Ubuntu login screen appears, that’s it, it gets hanged, can't even move my cursor nor type my user name.

I had to turn off my system and boot again. Still its not sure that it won't freeze out at login screen again, but this is the temporary solution I have to get into Ubuntu.

This freezing at login screen doesn't happen every time, it happens randomly. It seems like I had to enter into Ubuntu purely based on my luck, which is quite irritating. I found many other types of login problem in Ubuntu when I googled, which were quite different from my case. So any1 kindly help me out.

I had exactly the same problem. Ctrl+Alt+F1 did not work, neither did Ctrl+Alt+Del. A complete freeze.

What seemed to work for me though was a reboot in the recovery mode which runs Unity 2D instead of 3D. I figured that it must have been due to the graphic card drivers.
Since I was using GeForce GT 540M, I installed Ironhide:

apt-add-repository ppa:mj-casalogic/ironhide
apt-get update
apt-get install ironhide

Then when configuring ironhide (ironhide-configure), I chose the last configuration from the bottom (apparently the most recent), for 12.04 LTS, and after reboot, it worked just as it used to, without any freezes.

Try it out yourself!

You can try login via command-line:
Type ctrl+alt+F1 at boot to switch to command-line login.
Then your user name and password will be asked.
Now you should have logged in successfully.
If you have some problems regarding this visit this link.


Upgrade Ubuntu option not availiable when installing from USB stick! I want to upgrade my current O.S. Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10. For that purpose I created bootable usb stick using unetbootin. When the laptop boots, it boots from the usb. Now after a few steps there comes options as how to install. Here there isn't the option for upgrading ubuntu which is supposed to be there as clear from this installation manual of Ubuntu. For your ease I'm showing the options as mentioned in the manual below.

Please see the image below that shows what I get when my usb stick boots. It's not having the option for upgrading. ( Also its not having the option for erasing the current O.S. Rather it has option for erasing the whole disk!!! Because of this I can't replace the current Ubuntu 13.04 with 13.10. )

It may happen that the problem won't be resolved using usb stick. Then tomorrow I will purchase DVD and burn the Ubuntu 13.10 iso image there. DVD should work as earlier also when usb stick didn't work to install my Ubuntu 12.10 then DVD worked perfectly.

Also I would like to add how I prepared my usb stick. Using fdisk, I deleted the partition there. I Created only 1 new partition to occupy whole 2GB of space of my usb stick or flash drive whatever you say. Then using mkfs created file system of ext4 type. Then using unetbootin created bootable ubuntu 13.10 from its iso.

I have a related thread here.

Upgrading from the install medium is only available if you have internet access during the install. The source you are referring to had internet access during the install, that is why he had that option. But gaining internet access during install won't help in your case, because you don't want to rely on your not reliable internet connection.
Official source for the above: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ubiquity/+bug/1170531

Dimitri John Ledkov (xnox):
It is correct, we do not support offline upgrades via ubiquity/desktop CDs. And even for servers, it is not recommended to use new server CD to do offline upgrade.
The support upgrade methods are with internet connectivity or a local mirror / package pool. One can for-example use tools like aptoncd to snapshot all installed packages, download them on a machine that has internet connectivity, bring them to the offline machine and upgrade it.
The reason behind this move, is enourmous amount of support cases of broken and partial upgrades since newer installation media will be missing manual additionally installed packages; packages that have now transitioned to new names; packages that have been removed from the default installation. Thus default install media for next release simply doesn't contain everything one will reasonably need to upgrade, hence the internet connectivity requirement.

First of all I´m sorry that you don´t have the option to do it via USB, I would like to know if you have an internet connection available to update it through there.

Just follow the steps:

1st:

sudo apt-get install update-manager-core

2nd:

sudo apt-get update

3rd:

sudo do-release-upgrade -d

or

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade -d

and this will update your Ubuntu 13.04 to Ubuntu 13.10.

Hope you find it helpful.


No boot menu on restart I used Wubi to install ubuntu 12.10 but after restarting the computer I do not get a boot menu to start ubuntu.  Window starts automatically.  How do I get the boot menu?

I recommend using Boot-Repair tool. You can burn it on CD/DVD, or make USB bootable flash drive. It will fix it for you. You can find more information and download at the official help page.

I used it last week to fix completely broken Debian boot loader, and it fixed it without problems. It did not recognize Windows OS, but I resolved this after booting to linux and simply running sudo update-grub.

Other than that you can use Ubuntu Live CD, but it will require some effort with mounting correct directories, chrooting and then fixing the boot.


Can't format Ubuntu installation stick I've made an USB installer stick from Windows with Ubuntu 16.04 LTS , now I'm trying to format it from Ubuntu. When I try to format I get this error :

  This partition cannot be modified because it contains a partition table; >please reinitialize layout of the whole device. (udisks-error-quark, 11)

I got this fixed by doing the following

On your unity dash, type gnome-disks and launch the Disks application

Select the disk or drive you want to format

Press CTRL+F

Click format.

After formatting, the disk or drive would be unallocated, therefore you'll have to create a partition by using the plus button on the screen. Then insert the name you'll like to use as the drive or disk name then click on create.

If you use a desktop version then the easiest way will be to go to the Disks tool.

select your usb drive
delete Ubuntu 16.04 Partition 2 clicking on minus (next to start/stop and config options)

Try to format the usb now. If the error still exists, just
plug it off and on again. Now you can format it without errors.


I deleted the "/etc/passwd" file and cannot log in I was trying to change my username and also my home directory (/home/username) and my system started to crash. I deleted the passwd file but I had a backup named passwd_bkp. I tried to rename this passwd_bkp as passwd and it did not work. No commands were being executed... I was in a terminal window.

I restarted my system and now I cannot log in. GRUB gives two options: Linux and recovery mode.

I tried to open a sessions as root but it says the filesystem is corrupted. I cannot access my files.

Did I lose all my files?

No, given your description, you did not lose any of your files (except /etc/passwd, which you deleted, but which you had backed up).

Boot an Ubuntu live CD/DVD or live USB flash drive. Select Try Ubuntu (not Install Ubuntu). When the desktop loads, open a Nautilus (file browser) window. You can find the partition for your Ubuntu system under Devices. Click on it to mount it.

Now you can restore the backup. You have to do it as root, however. Here's one pretty easy way to do it.

Open a Terminal window (Ctrl+Alt+T). In the Terminal, type cd and type the Space key, but don't press Enter yet.
In Nautilus, find the etc directory inside the installed Ubuntu system. (This is not the same as the etc directory for the live CD. The etc directory inside the installed Ubuntu system is in the partition you just mounted.)
Drag this etc directory into the Terminal, which will paste its full path into the Terminal, completing the cd ... command.
Press Enter to run the command. Now you're in the directory that contained your passwd file. I am assuming that your backup file, passwd_bkp, is also located here.
Run this command:

sudo cp passwd_bkp passwd

That restores the passwd file from your backup, so now you should be able to reboot, remove the CD/DVD or USB flash drive, and boot back into your installed Ubuntu system. Your installed Ubuntu system should work again.

For the future, you should be aware that it is not recommended to manually edit /etc/passwd, /etc/group, /etc/shadow, or /etc/gshadow. Instead, you should use the utilities provided as part of Ubuntu to make any changes you need to users and groups on your system. You're probably aware that you can edit this in System Settings or with users-admin. But there are also very powerful command-line utilities for this, which are still much safer and easier than manually editing the configuration files yourself. Here's documentation on the most relevant such utilities in Ubuntu:

adduser / addgroup
deluser / delgroup
usermod
groupmod
useradd (lower-level than adduser, you should usually use adduser instead)
userdel (lower-level than deluser, you should usually use deluser instead)
groupadd (lower-level than addgroup, you should usually use addgroup instead)
groupdel (lower-level than delgroup, you should usually use delgroup instead)
passwd
gpasswd
pwck
grpck

You can change your username with some of those utilities. This answer explains one way in detail. However, you should be aware (as is currently touched on by a comment there) that some applications assume your username remains the same. So changing your username might cause some problems.

If you can login just open terminal and try this :

sudo cp /etc/passwd- /etc/passwd
sudo chmod 644 /etc/passwd

Else

Boot  into recovery mode  or from Ubuntu live Cd . Then, mount your old drive:

mkdir /olddrive
mount /dev/hda5 /olddrive
assuming that your old drive is on /dev/hda5.
then, cd to /olddrive/etc
type:
echo "root::0:0:Superuser:/:/bin/bash" > passwd

then reboot. That will set no passwd for root.

Then, you can login, create all of your accounts over again, etc.

You may also use the back up which is called (I think) /etc/passwd-

Edit:(another method I haven't tried before but I think it should work also)

Start GRUB on boot (press Esc while booting)
Press e over (recovery mode)
Press e over the line beginning with kernel
Press Space and enter init=/bin/bash
Press Enter
Press b
At command prompt type: cp /etc/passwd- /etc/passwd
Reboot to GRUB again
Press e over (recovery mode)
Press e over the line beginning with kernel
Press Space and enter init=/bin/bash
Press Enter
Press b
At command prompt type mount -o remount,rw /
Type passwd YOURUSERNAMEHERE (If you don't know your username type ls /home (that is a Lower case L and lower case S) for a list of users)
Enter new password at prompt
Reboot to normal boot.

Source


Emulator frontend for controllers? I’m working on building a MAME cabinet-type project. This is my first endeavour of this type and I am still relatively new to using Ubuntu.

I have an Zotac MAG HD-ND01 (Intel Atom/2gbRAM/160gbhdd) that I’ve installed Lubuntu 14.04 on. My biggest issue is that I’m looking for an emulator front-end that works well with many emulator types and is great with using a USB controller (PS2/PS3 or generic controller). Researching online doesn’t really provide me with the information that Im looking for without all the comments being 5-8 years old.

I plan on putting this Zotac in my entertainment system where the hope is that I could just turn it on, and grab a controller without needing a mouse/keyboard.

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Retroarch is a pretty good choice, it has cores for just about any older emulator type (the newest system I've emulated with it is PS1 with pcsx_rearmed core); as far as control pads, I find that a PS4 pad with ds4drv is the most plug-and-play (of course you have to configure the emulator itself to use the gamepads buttons).

Just to note, I ended up using AntiMicro. It can autoload controller profiles, launch in tray, and was stupid easy to set-up and integrate.

https://github.com/Ryochan7/antimicro


Ubuntu vulnerable to malware sites? I just browsed a site a while ago that was flagged as an "attack site" or has malware, but Firefox didn't warn before I went into it. Only when I opened a new tab with another page from the site did it block the page.

How do I check for vulnerabilities on my system since I think there are no anti-malware available for Ubuntu? If there are, please do tell.

Thanks!

If the vulnerability to exploit is in the browser (or plugin it uses) then yes. They're just as exploitable as their counterparts on Windows and OSX. There are of course plenty of single-platform examples too but many Flash (for example) exploits are cross-platform.

Thankfully most exploits are just droppers (to install something else on the computer) and most of those aren't compatible with Linux. But you shouldn't get complacent and get cocky. Web security applies to everybody. Just because people aren't targeting you today, doesn't mean they never will.

There are antivirus products for Linux (AVG, ClamAV) that go some way to detect bad things but the market hasn't caught up with Desktop Linux users yet IMO.

It is not so much viruses but rootkits that are dangerous to Linux. Just be careful with root access, sudo and su commands.


Trying to get Root Privileges for Ubuntu 15.10 I'm trying to run GParted, but it says that I need root privileges. How do I get them for Ubuntu 15.10?

if not installed

sudo apt-get install gparted

And to run it

sudo gparted > /dev/null 2>&1 &

Extra commands to stop debug messages and send it to background Enter your password and your good to go.


Ubuntu 18.04: permanently enable Bluetooth file reception? I often use Bluetooth to quickly send a file from my phone to my laptop. On Ubuntu 18.04 with the default Gnome Shell, this means I first have to open the Settings -> Bluetooth dialog and leave it open before I can receive files. Is there any way to enable this feature permanently?

(I'm aware the current behaviour is for security reasons, but I know which devices I've paired with my laptop, so I'd be OK with auto-reception.)

Workaround

you can install package blueman with the command sudo apt install blueman

$ apt search blueman
Sorting... Done
Full Text Search... Done
blueman/bionic,now 2.0.5-1ubuntu1 amd64 [installed]
  Graphical bluetooth manager

$ apt show blueman
Package: blueman
Version: 2.0.5-1ubuntu1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/x11
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Christopher Schramm <debian@shakaweb.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 5,023 kB
Depends: libbluetooth3 (>= 4.91), libc6 (>= 2.4), libglib2.0-0 (>= 2.31.8), libpython3.6 (>= 3.6.0~b2), dconf-gsettings-backend | gsettings-backend, python3 (<< 3.7), python3 (>= 3.6~), python3:any (>= 3.3.2-2~), dbus, bluez (>= 4.61), obexd-client (>= 0.47) | bluez-obexd, obexd-server (>= 0.47) | bluez-obexd, python3-dbus, python3-gi, notification-daemon, librsvg2-common, gnome-icon-theme, libpulse-mainloop-glib0, gir1.2-gtk-3.0, gir1.2-gdkpixbuf-2.0, gir1.2-glib-2.0, gir1.2-pango-1.0, gir1.2-notify-0.7, python3-cairo, python3-gi-cairo, gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
Recommends: policykit-1, pulseaudio-module-bluetooth
Homepage: https://github.com/blueman-project/blueman
Task: xubuntu-desktop, lubuntu-gtk-desktop, lubuntu-desktop, ubuntustudio-desktop, ubuntukylin-desktop, ubuntu-mate-core, ubuntu-mate-desktop
Supported: 3y
Download-Size: 1,686 kB
APT-Manual-Installed: yes
APT-Sources: http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic/universe amd64 Packages
Description: Graphical bluetooth manager
 Blueman is a GTK+ bluetooth management utility for GNOME using bluez D-Bus
 backend.

maduri@i7-4770:~$

run blueman-services
tick the button "Accept files from Trusted Devices"


How do I unlock /var/lib/dpkg/lock? I attempted to install dropbox on my Ubuntu system, but now I am unable to install or uninstall any software. I get this error:

E: Unable to lock the administration directory /var/lib/dpkg/lock?

I have already tried killing dpkg and restarting it sudo kill -TERM PID but it immediately tries to finish the installation again and gets stuck.

How do I resolve this?

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock should do the trick. You can use ps afx|grep dpkg to check if there is still a process runnning at the same time. sudo killall dpkg will stop all running dpkg processes.

If you need to cancel the dropbox installation, try
sudo dpkg --force-remove-reinstreq --remove nautilus-dropbox

The /var/lib/dpkg/lock is actually a file. If you think it is important, just rename it don't want to remove it.

sudo mv /var/lib/dpkg/lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock-backup


Installing Ubuntu on MacBook Pro 11.2/11.3 Has anyone successfully installed Ubuntu on the new MacBook Pro (late-2013)?

If not, what issues have you had?

If so, did you use a tutorial, which one?

I have not found anything on the web related to 11.2 or 11.3. 11.1 is the closest I got and is also late 2013. Assuming no regressions this is the best you get:

  Has anyone successfully installed Ubuntu on the new MacBook Pro (late-2013)?

See below; last blockquote.

  If not, what issues have you had?

Doesn't work:

Speakers
iSight
Suspend / Resume (resumes to black screen)

Source: conan.jen@ubuntuforums.org.

This fixes sound for some.

  If so, did you use a tutorial, which one?

  Downloaded 13.10 NON-MAC iso.
  Put it onto flash drive via unetbootin.
  Boot up with option held at startup, and select the usb drive.
  Upon installer bootup, went into advanced section and deleted all partitions.
  Created an efi boot partition at 200mb. Installer should auto set the mount point
  on that partition to /boot/efi, but make sure.
  Created a normal ext4 partition mounted to /, for the system installation point.
  Continued on setup.

Source: conan.jen@ubuntuforums.org.

  Thank you Conan for your lead! I have successfully installed Ubuntu
  13.10 on a MacBookPro11,1 (Retina, 13-inch, Late 2013). The installation went smoothly but I could not boot into Ubuntu. After
  hours of trying, I finally figured it out. The following are what I
  did (same steps as Conan's except Step 5):

  Download 13.10 NON-MAC iso and put it onto flash drive via Startup Disk Creator (or unetbootin).
  Boot up with OPTION key held, and select the EFI icon to boot the flash drive.
  Enter live mode (i.e. "Try Ubuntu").
  Install. Wipe out existing partitions and create new ones: i) 200MiB efi, bootable, mounted to /boot/efi; ii) 20GiB ext4, mounted to
  /; iii) 8GiB swap; iv) rest ext4, mounted to /home.
  After installation, fix the EFI boot order (The EFI BootOrder was 0080 but ubuntu was listed as Boot0000*).

sudo apt-get install efibootmgr sudo efibootmgr ## display boot order information
sudo efibootmgr -o 0 ## set boot order to 0000 first
sudo restart -r now

  Edit grub configuration file /etc/default/grub (one line):

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="libata.force=noncq" and then 'sudo update-grub'

  Install kernel 3.12. Thanks, kjano!
  Fix speakers (following https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/1247475). Thanks, kjano!

  (There is no need of rEFIt or rEFInd or boot-repair. I wasted hours
  trying various options of boot-repair to no avail.)

Source: lichun1668@ubuntuforums.org

Install iubuntu for macs, http://releases.ubuntu.com/saucy/ubuntu-13.10-desktop-amd64+mac.iso ,  on a USB, and then use boot camp (preinstalled) to walk you through the steps.


No WiFi after upgrade to 15.04 After upgrading to 15.04, wifi doesn't enable an internet connection. The interface connects to the router,however. I saw a similar question, where the solution was to delete two iwlwifi files - tried this w/out success. From lspci:

00:15.0 Network controller [0280]: Ralink corp. RT2500 Wireless 802.11bg [1814:0201] (rev 01)

malcolm@PackbellLaptop:~$ iwconfig
wlan0     IEEE 802.11bg  ESSID:"WLAN-Osborne"
          Mode:Managed  Frequency:2.437 GHz  Access Point: C0:A0:BB:C2:00:4E
          Bit Rate=48 Mb/s   Tx-Power=20 dBm
          Retry short limit:7   RTS thr:off   Fragment thr:off
          Power Management:on
          Link Quality=47/70  Signal level=-63 dBm
          Rx invalid nwid:0  Rx invalid crypt:0  Rx invalid frag:0
          Tx excessive retries:0  Invalid misc:0   Missed beacon:0

lo        no wireless extensions.

eth0      no wireless extensions.

malcolm@PackbellLaptop:~$ uname -a
Linux PackbellLaptop 3.19.0-15-generic #15-Ubuntu SMP Thu Apr 16 23:32:01 UTC 2015 i686 athlon i686 GNU/Linux
malcolm@PackbellLaptop:~$ lspci -nnk | grep -A3 RT2500
00:15.0 Network controller [0280]: Ralink corp. RT2500 Wireless 802.11bg [1814:0201] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Ralink corp. RT2500 Wireless 802.11bg [1814:2560]
    Kernel driver in use: rt2500pci
00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration [1022:1100]
00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map [1022:1101]
wlan0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:10:60:63:e0:3c
          inet6 addr: fe80::210:60ff:fe63:e03c/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:124 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:148 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:16911 (16.9 KB)  TX bytes:23073 (23.0 KB)
malcolm@PackbellLaptop:~$ route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.0.0.2        0.0.0.0         UG    1024   0        0 wlan0
10.0.0.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U     0      0        0 wlan0
169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U     1000   0        0 wlan0

Network manager syslog is at paste.ubuntu.com/10981489

With no IP address in ifconfig and no route details, it doesn't appear that you have connected to the router. However, syslog shows that you connect with no obvious and therefore fixable issues, but immediately disconnects.

First, check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit. Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

It is possible that you have a conflict with the old driver for the previous version not working. Please backup all your data and do a clean install and report back if the issue has been solved.


How to solve "permission denied" when using sudo with redirection in Bash? When using sudo to allow edits to files, I regularly get 'permission denied'.

For example, my mouse is jittery and sluggish, so I want to disable polling:

sudo echo "options drm_kms_helper poll=N">/etc/modprobe.d/local.conf

I'm prompted for a password, and then get:

bash: /etc/modprobe.d/local.conf: Permission denied

So I tried to do a temporary change to disable polling by using:

sudo echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll

Yet again the system responded with:

bash: /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll: Permission denied

Any ideas?

Output redirection (via the > operator) is done by the shell, not by echo. You have to login as root

sudo -i

Then you can use redirection

echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll

Otherwise you can run bash string with sudo

sudo bash -c "echo N> /sys/module/drm_kms_helper/parameters/poll"

Another option is to use a temporary file. This is useful in a bash script.

temp=$(mktemp)
echo "Hello, world!" > $temp
sudo cp $temp /etc/wherever


Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS, Network is unreachable message when I run #sudo apt-get update I am not able to access internet from command prompt. Though I can access it from my browser.In network proxy I have enabled automatic mode and put proxy address and it works fine from browser. on browser when ever I have to browse some page I need to give username/password info.

Problem :

$ sudo apt-get update
Err:1 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic InRelease
    Cannot initiate the connection to in.archive.ubuntu.com:80 (2001:67c:1360:8001::17). - connect (101: Network is unreachable

I did below steps to solve this issue:

set http_proxy variable from command prompt.
verified /etc/apt/sources.list with below

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu bionic-security multiverse
/etc/netplan/*yaml looks fine.

Let NetworkManager manage all devices on this system.

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: NetworkManager
  ethernets:
      eno1:
          addresses: [10.120.26.158/24]
          gateway4: 10.120.26.1
          dhcp4: true
          optional: true
          nameservers:
              addresses: [10.120.25.152, 10.120.81.25, 8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]

I am not sure what I am missing.

Adding some new information

$ ping 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 8.8.8.8 ping statistics ---
6 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 5123ms

$ ip addr show

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether c8:d9:d2:04:54:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.120.26.158/24 brd 10.120.26.255 scope global noprefixroute eno1
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::cad9:d2ff:fe04:547e/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
$ ip route
default via 10.120.26.1 dev eno1 proto static metric 20100
10.120.26.0/24 dev eno1 proto kernel scope link src 10.120.26.158 metric 100
169.254.0.0/16 dev eno1 scope link metric 1000

I have set proxy for only http and not for https and ftp.

I am not certain why apt doesn't use the environment variables, but I hit this problem myself on a network where I had to use a proxy.

What you need to do it tell apt that you want to use a proxy.  This can be solved by adding a snippet file in /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/

The filename is up to you.
The content of this file must be:

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy-you-need-to-use:8080/";

Obviously, you set between the double quotes what you have set in your environment variable.

After that apt should work just fine.

For a one-liner, this should work:

echo 'Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy-you-need-to-use:8080/";' | sudo tee /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10-proxy-you-need-to-use

Again, obviously, you need to adapt the http://  part to the actual proxy.

Most CLI command are proxy-aware, but not all and it is no requirement as far as I know.

Try this in terminal to show the connection to NIC

step 1
    nmcl con show to know the nic connection

step 2
    nmcli con up ....  what you get in step 1


Find the correct php.ini file I am currently trying to locate the correct php.ini file to edit it and restart apache so the changes will take place and I'm stumped.

I have found three different php.ini files (no idea why there are three)
 this is how I found the files

$ sudo find / -name php.ini
/etc/php5/cli/php.ini
/etc/php5/apache2/php.ini
/etc/php5/cgi/php.ini

I also did....

$ sudo php -i | grep 'Configuration File'
Configuration File (php.ini) Path => /etc/php5/cli
Loaded Configuration File => /etc/php5/cli/php.ini

I changed all of them (just to be sure) to the settings I wanted.

I restarted apache using

sudo service apache2 restart

The results...

* Restarting web server apache2

I reloaded the page and it showed that the php.ini file was not updated.

I know this because I used

echo ini_get('post_max_size');

Which was supposed to be changed to 20M but was still only 2M

I tried rebooting my computer thinking maybe that would stop the apache server and reload the php.ini file with the correct setting, but alas that attempt also failed.

Is there any chance there could be another php.ini file that could be interfering?

The three files you have there are each meant for different uses.

/etc/php/5.6/cli/php.ini is for the CLI PHP program, which you found by running php on the terminal.

/etc/php/5.6/cgi/php.ini is for the php-cgi system which isn't specifically used in this setup.

/etc/php/5.6/apache2/php.ini is for the PHP plugin used by Apache.  This is the one you need to edit for changes to be applied for your Apache setup which utilizes the in-built PHP module to Apache.

/etc/php/5.6/fpm/php.ini is for the php5-fpm processor, which is a fastcgi-compatible 'wrapper' for PHP processing (such as to hand off from NGINX to php5-fpm) and runs as a standalone process on the system (unlike the Apache PHP plugin)

  For versions of Ubuntu lower than 16.04, /etc/php/5.6/,/etc/php/7.0/,/etc/php/7.1/, and so on, are replaced by /etc/php5/ and so on. Otherwise, these paths remain accurate.  Adapt this accordingly for your environment, replacing the 5.6 or number with the actual version folder that exists on your environment.

I am on LAMP stack on Amazon Lightsail and the location of the correct php.ini file for my Ubuntu server is:
/opt/bitnami/php/etc/php.ini


What does " Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 " mean? I keep getting an error when I try to install some basic python libraries like BeautifulSoup. The error looks like this:

What exactly does that mean, and how do I fix it? I already tried these commands:

pip install --upgrade
pip install
pip install unroll

As it was suggested in other posts, but this didn't seem to help either..

The syntax error Missing parenthesis... clearly shows you have a python3 interpreter trying to execute python2 code.  I do not know where you read the installation instructions for 'BeautifulSoup' but according to the documentation, you have two different packages, one for python2 and the other one for python3.
They are installed respectively:

$ apt-get install python-bs4 (for Python 2)

$ apt-get install python3-bs4 (for Python 3)

It is also possible to use pip but the recommended package is beautifulsoup4.  As a footnote, they state 'The BeautifulSoup package is probably not what you want. That’s the previous major release'.

You are installing the wrong package. BeutifulSoup is version 3.2.1 and back from 2012. You want beautifulsoup4.

Also, instead of using pip you can just use apt. The package name is python-bs4.

The text in orange suggests that you messed up your installs by mixing and matching using sudo and not using sudo and possibly using --user.

Also, is your pip version up to date? python -m pip install --upgrade pip