sudo apt-get update fails on postgresql I am trying to install nodejs but it keeps on failing. So I have uninstalled nodejs and found out that sudo apt-get update still fails. It's been so long that I have used postgresql. but here is my error during sudo apt-get update:

  Get:41 http://ph.archive.ubuntu.com vivid-updates/universe Translation-en [81.6 kB]
Err http://apt.postgresql.org precise-pgdg InRelease

Err http://apt.postgresql.org precise-pgdg Release.gpg
  Cannot initiate the connection to apt.postgresql.org:80 (2a00:f10:111:50::228). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2a00:f10:111:50::228 80]
Fetched 14.4 MB in 6min 3s (39.5 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
W: Failed to fetch http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/dists/precise-pgdg/InRelease

W: Failed to fetch http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/dists/stable/Release  Unable to find expected entry 'main/binary-i386/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)

W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-amd64/Packages  404  Not Found

W: Failed to fetch http://ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu/dists/vivid/main/binary-i386/Packages  404  Not Found

W: Failed to fetch http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/dists/precise-pgdg/Release.gpg  Cannot initiate the connection to apt.postgresql.org:80 (2a00:f10:111:50::228). - connect (101: Network is unreachable) [IP: 2a00:f10:111:50::228 80]

W: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

As you can see, the first line succeeded and the rest of updates above it. The error started on the second line. I do not know where else to go. Please help me. I could not proceed with anything since sudo apt-get update has a problem.

What caused the problem

Checking out ppa.launchpad.net/chris-lea/node.js/ubuntu/dists/, vivid is not a child directory, meaning it is not supported.  This is because ubuntu 15.04 vivid vervet is at it's end of life (see wiki.ubuntu.com/Releases#End_of_life).

Solution 1: Upgrade your Ubuntu OS to 16.04.
This version should be stable for a long time (~2021), and so is likely to remain supported by Node for a similar duration.  Then you'd have to update the ppa you're using and sudo apt-get update.

Still, that's a lot of work. You could try

Solution 2: install from source or debian packages.
The instructions on nodejs.org seem pretty comprehensive. I want to say installing from  debian packages from nodesource worked for me on ubuntu 15.04, but honestly I might have used

Solution 3: use nvm to upgrade. Instructions can be found here.


Mount NTFS partition with german umlaute How can i mount a NTFS partition, which has german umlaute (ä, ö, ü) in the filenames.
I'm using the following mount command:

mount -t ntfs-3g UUID=5A9098309098149B /local/data -olocale=de_DE.UTF-8

Of the supposed options for mount, neither nls nor iocharset will help, as they are not even defined for NTFS. Consult the man page man mount.ntfs. Also, the default system locale is specified in /etc/default/locale on Ubuntu systems. You have not told us what locale you use, is it really en_US? That would be bad and so ’90s, as UTF-8 ought to be the standard by now.

Under a UTF-8 locale, a simple mount should do it:

mount -t ntfs UUID=5A9098309098149B /local/data

Other than that, I cannot help. It works for me.

The locale locale=de_DE.UTF-8 in the mount option it's ok, you need then to change the system locale as well

/etc/profile.d/lang.sh

export LANG=de_DE.UTF-8

and restart the PC (or re-source the profile)


What kinds of desktop environments and shells are available? This question exists as it fills a specific criterion.  While you are encouraged to help maintain its answers, please understand that "big list" questions are not generally allowed on Ask Ubuntu and will likely be closed per the FAQ. More information on the software-recommendation tag.

What kind of desktop environments or shells are there for Ubuntu users to install?

Please list a desktop environment or shell for each:

a description on why you like or suggest it (features, performance, etc.).
a good screenshot, preferably of it running on Ubuntu and showing off some of its features.
the minimal requirement for it to be usable, If there's any setting to lower it's requirement (Like kde's low-fat profile); how to enable the said setting
some instructions on how to set it up if in the repositories, please provide a software centre link

GNOME Shell

GNOME Shell's Application Overview on Ubuntu GNOME 16.04LTS with GNOME 3.18

GNOME Shell is the "official" shell developed for GNOME 3 by the GNOME project. It is the default interface used by the officially-supported Ubuntu GNOME flavor, and is the default interface for the main Ubuntu flavor since 17.10 instead of Unity.

Features

Uses Mutter instead of Compiz for the window manager.
The Activities Overview provides an easy way to view all your open windows, drag windows between workspaces, search for applications, and more.
The Notifications system is designed to help you quickly respond to notifications in place or to return to them at a convenient time.
Extensions is a powerful feature that enables you to extend the functionality and interface of GNOME Shell. Have a look at GNOME Shell Extensions website to see the available ones. For more information on how to install these extensions, see the answers to this question.
By default, windows cannot be minimized in GNOME Shell, as the use of Activities Overview and Workspaces are supposed to replace that. This could need some getting used to at first. Or alternatively, you can use the GNOME Tweak Tool to enable the minimize window button.
GNOME Shell uses automatic workspace management; at any given moment, it only keeps open as many workspaces as you have active windows on, plus an extra empty one to start more windows. When you remove all the windows from a workspace, that workspace will be removed until you need it again. Alternatively, you can use the GNOME Tweak Tool to set a static number of workspaces.

System Requirements

GNOME Shell requires hardware acceleration, and has roughly similar requirements to Unity. As of the time that this was written, the GNOME developers aim to have GNOME Shell able to run on any hardware that is at most four to five years old.

How To Get It?

Before 17.10, Ubuntu GNOME was an Ubuntu flavour that had a full blown GNOME desktop environment installed and used by default. This is the recommended method to get GNOME Shell installed in Ubuntu, if you don't plan to use Unity, KDE or any other desktop environment. With 17.10 onwards, the default Ubuntu installation uses GNOME Shell with an Ubuntu theme and dock. A vanilla GNOME Shell can be installed using the vanilla-gnome-desktop package.

GNOME Shell is available in the official Ubuntu repositories. To install it on an existing install, click here:

Or run this in Terminal:

sudo apt install gnome-shell

Or if you prefer the GUI way, search for "gnome shell" in GNOME Software (or Ubuntu Software Center in older Ubuntu versions) and install the gnome-shell package. More instructions on how to install it can be found here. (The complete package including settings, etc, is found in the package ubuntu-gnome-desktop).

Hawaii (discontinued)

The Hawaii Desktop is made by maui-project, here is their http://www.maui-project.org/
Maui with Plasma Simple Shell "PSS" has been discontinued (last version 0.5.1.).


Virtual box guest addition missing and can't be downloaded I downloaded VirtualBox from ubuntu software center and install there windows XP 32 bit. Now when I'm trying to install guest additions it's saying that guest addition is missing and is asking download it. When I press 'download' it's saying that it can't download because the link is missing.

Open the console, and run the following command:

sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions

Start the virtual machine (e.g. Windows XP)
Press Host+D (Right-Ctrl+D) to load the guest additions into your virtual machine.

guess additions has been moved in VirtualBox 6, now the command is:
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-guest-additions-iso


Trojan in Ubuntu? DigiNotar On Wednesday, I installed an old copy of Ubuntu 10.04LTS onto a pristine desktop PC that I built w/ brand new hardware--DSL modem, too--except for the CPU. Then, I downloaded Ubuntu 12.04 from Ubuntu.com, and compared hash values before erasing v10.04 & installing the new OS. The old 10.04 disk & the virgin CD onto which I burned the Ubuntu v12.04 ISO file are the only external media this PC has seen.

As a new convert to Open Source & a paranoid ex-Windows user (for good reason), I have been scanning every file I download, and randomly scanning the entire system every few hours, with ClamTk. It found trojans in

Ubuntu's built-in Ruby program;
a Photoshop file and
a SysInternals tool I downloaded last night; and
several files in the Firefox cache.

All but one malware specimen belong to the same family. When instructed to quarantine the infected files in the Firefox cache, ClamTk appeared to do so but the quarantine list was empty. As a precaution, I emptied the cache. Note: ClamTk REFUSES to quarantine the infected Ruby & Photoshop files. Is that normal?

Google provided sparse info about the trojans, except they were first noted about 10 years ago. There does seem to be a surge of inquiries about them in Google over the past 2 weeks. It's unlikely that Ruby has had a known trojan all this time, that ClamTk simply ignored till now... I doubt these malware are false-positives.

Some questions:

Is anyone else finding PUA.Win32.xxxxx with ClamTk?
Is Ubuntu naturally immune to malware named "Win32"?

Actually, what compels me to post here is finding, while I was checking my Firefox Preferences, six DigiNotar entries in the list of security certificates (Advanced-->Encryption-->View Certificates). The IT security world ostracized DigiNotar last Fall, & Mozilla permanently removed DigiNotar from its list of approved certification providers (see http://blog.mozilla.org/security/2011/09/02/diginotar-removal-follow-up/).

So, I am wondering:
Did Ubuntu developers forget to remove DigiNotar from Ubuntu's version of Firefox in v12.04?
Does anyone else have DigiNotar in your list of certification authorities?
Are the DigiNotar certificates and the trojans I am finding related?

Thanks for any information you can provide.

If anybody was able to find it successfully, it would be either because of Dual boot in other Partition, Torrents Downloads or Untrusted Third party sharing or Downloading. I never found it in my system.
Ubuntu is not immune to any trojan named under win32.

And you don't have to worry about that. DigiNotar is Not Trusted by Default. To see, select the Edit trust option under it. So it is as good as non-existent. Just make sure that the option Ask me Every time option is selected.

To confirm, the Security team did address this issue here under version nss (3.12.11-3) unstable; urgency=high stating it as Explicitly Distrust not Deleted, whereas current version stands at nss (3.13.1.with.ckbi.1.88-1ubuntu6.1) precise-security. So you don't have to worry at all.

Actually there are two Certificates menus in Certificate Manager as Server and Authorities. DigiNotar is present in my Server section, the first listed one is Expired, need to delete it manually.

Only the Affected Certificate authority or Security testing team can confirm.

It seems that you have two systems here - One running Windows and the other Ubuntu - is that clear?

One - Your Windows looks like it got a Trojan, and now your Ubuntu has maybe the same Trojan...

Secondly - Trojans, is malware coming in without you knowing it is actually there, that is why you have an anti-virus to scan an pick it up.

Thirdly - The Trojan went form Windows, over to you Ubuntu installation files - infecting your Ubuntu, while most of the Trojans that comes from (actually all) Windows, won't be able to even run and do anything in Ubuntu, as they are not created for Ubuntu

Fourthly - You can scan and delete things, but with ClamTK, but remember, ClamTk isn't that good, because they don't tent to work on that anti - virus as much, because there shouldn't be viruses, so why creating a supper ClamTk and waste time developing it if they aren't going to use it actually...

You can try to install a better anti - virus like Avast, look on Google how to do that, and look what you can do... I doubt that you will have any problem - as Ubuntu is so immune to viruses, and definitely to that Photoshop files. Go into Windows and scan the disk - Hard disk and get it clean from that side, then everything should be fine....


unzip error "End-of-central-directory signature not found" I try to unzip a zip file, but got an error:

$ unzip COCR2_100.zip
Archive:  COCR2_100.zip
  End-of-central-directory signature not found.  Either this file is not
  a zipfile, or it constitutes one disk of a multi-part archive.  In the
  latter case the central directory and zipfile comment will be found on
  the last disk(s) of this archive.
note:  COCR2_100.zip may be a plain executable, not an archive
unzip:  cannot find zipfile directory in one of COCR2_100.zip or
        COCR2_100.zip.zip, and cannot find COCR2_100.zip.ZIP, period.

I googled but didn't find a solution. I was wondering why it is and how I should fix it? Thanks!

The zip file can be downloaded from COCR2_100. It is an application, and here is its website http://users.belgacom.net/chardic/cocr2.html.

My OS is 10.10.

Try this excellent solution:

jar xvf COCR2_100.zip

steps:

drag and drop file into terminal window.
use keyboard arrows to navigate to start of line in terminal
type jar xvf in front of your file name, remembering to leave space before the start of your file name.
grab a beer and watch terminal work its magic as it extracts files.

The location of where the new files go varies, but usually best trick to find them is click on your computer name in Finder which should display most recent activity at top of all files.

If the jar command is not available, you can install fastjar by pasting the following in terminal:

sudo apt-get install fastjar

I think the guys/gals that responded to you is on the right track it is very well a corrupted file. If that is the case then try another mirror to download the file. Your may try to install rar by opening terminal  sudo apt-get install rar  which for a true zip file rar is a little overkill. However it does add support for other formats and  allows you to extracts different file types.


How to umount usb drive? I am a newbie Linux User

I wrote a Lubuntu image to my 8GB usb drive, and made it bootable, using the dd command.

After that I wanted to format it or make it umount but when I plug it to my PC I face this error:

Unable to access "Lubuntu 17.04 amd64"

Error mounting /dev/sdb1 at /media/moji/Lubuntu 17.04 amd64: Command-line `mount -t "iso9660" -o
"uhelper=udisks2,nodev,nosuid,uid=1000,gid=1000,iocharset=utf8,mode=0400,dmode=0500"
"/dev/sdb1" "/media/moji/Lubuntu 17.04 amd64"' exited with non-zero exit status 32:
mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1,
       missing codepage or helper program, or other error

   In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
   dmesg | tail or so.

You can use graphical UI tool for making bootable USB flash drives as well as format to FAT32 EXT4 or NTFS, You will get "USB Image writer" & "USB Stick Formatter" just download  from Mint repositroy and install. Link below
http://packages.linuxmint.com/pool/main/m/mintstick/


How to tell update manager to do updates on a specific date and time I want to tell update manager to check for updates every Sunday at around 4 PM. How can I achieve this?

Install cron-apt:
sudo apt-get install cron-apt
Edit config-file:
sudo gedit /etc/cron.d/cron-apt
comment the line: (put '#' in front of it)
0 4    * * *   root    test -x /usr/sbin/cron-apt && /usr/sbin/cron-apt
Add these lines to the end of the file:
# Every Sunday at 16 o'clock
0 16 * * 0 root  test -x /usr/sbin/cron-apt && /usr/sbin/cron-apt

Save the file.

For more information see:
help.ubuntu.com/community/AutoWeeklyUpdateHowTo

Steps:

Open 'Software Sources'
Click on the Tab 'Updates'
Set 'Check for updates' to 'Weekly'
Set to 'Download and install automatic'

Screenshot

My PC is in Dutch, but you get the idea ;-)


Wifi not working on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Dual Boot). (windows 8) I installed ubuntu 14.04 LTS in windows 8 hp-pavilion-15 model. But after that wifi not working in Ubuntu. But in windows 8 it is working fine.
when i run "lshw -C network" in terminal it showing like this.please give me a solution... thank you in advance

narasimha@narasimha-HP-Pavilion-15-Notebook-PC:~$ lshw -C network

WARNING: you should run this program as super-user.

*-network UNCLAIMED

description: Network controller

product: MT7630e 802.11bgn Wireless Network Adapter

vendor: MEDIATEK Corp.

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@000:08:00.0

version: 00

width: 32 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: cap_list

configuration: latency=0

resources: memory:c2600000-c26fffff

*-network

description: Ethernet interface

product: RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller

vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.

physical id: 0

bus info: pci@0000:09:00.0

logical name: eth0

version: 08

serial: a0:48:1c:12:7d:97

size: 10Mbit/s

capacity: 100Mbit/s

width: 64 bits

clock: 33MHz

capabilities: bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp mii 10bt

10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd autonegotiation

configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=r8169
driverversion=2.3LK-NAPI duplex=half firmware=rtl8106e-2_0.0.1 04/23/13 latency=0 link=no multicast=yes port=MII speed=10Mbit/s resources: irq:42 ioport:4000(size=256) memory:c2504000-c2504fff memory:c2500000-c2503fff WARNING: output may be incomplete or inaccurate, you should run this program as super-user.

I would back-up everything. Do a clean install -  Run Ubuntu as the primary and then use Oracle virtual machine to host Win 8


Why doesn't Banshee have a dark toolbar like Rhythmbox does? I'm currently testing Ubuntu 11.10 and I LOVE it. The only thing that really bugs me is how Banshee doesn't have a dark toolbar, yet Rhythmbox does. Imo it really integrates it much better..

Rhythmbox:

Banshee:

I know the stable release is quite a ways away, but I'm just curious as to why this is the case.

Banshee's toolbar looks different because its toolbar color is hard-coded.  This was initially coded in the days when it wasn't popular for gtk themes to set custom colors for the toolbar.  It was done to help the resize grip widgets (and possible other custom icons and widgets) blend in better with the toolbar.

Unfortunately, the custom toolbar makes Banshee stick out like a sore thumb with themes that do paint the toolbar.  There's an open bug report (mine, actually ;) ) for the issue.

Part of the problem can probably be found near line 214 of BaseClientWindow.cs.  I tried my limited C# abilities and couldn't come up with a fix.  If you can, I'm sure the Banshee devs would welcome a patch. :)

This is not on official answer, but some creative guesswork on my part: Banshee uses Mono, which has always had issues integrating 100% with the GTK theme. Therefore, to get to to look right in the GTK2 days, it required an rc file (which is like a theme for one program). As yet in 11.10, I haven't seen any rc files that would be used to fix little issues in theme compatibility. This is why Banshee looks out of place.

If you want to see another instance of rc issues, look at the Ubuntu One control panel. In Natty it has a different tab switcher because of custom rc file. In Oneiric, this doesn't exist.

Now, as for why those RC files don't exist, I cannot say. GTK3/the unico engine may not support it yet or it may not be possible, or it may just be waiting in the pipes.

Recap: Rhythmbox native GTK app, will look right. Banshee is a Mono app, will never look 100% correct without some work.

EDIT: Please read MichaelMS's comments on this answer, he clarifies some of the misconceptions in this answer. (Mainly that Banshee COULD look 100% right, but is coded in a way that it doesn't.)


Standard ubuntu 15.04 won't boot, but ubuntu (upstart) does I understand that Ubuntu switched to systemd recently from upstart.
Ubuntu started on the first boot, I installed cinnamon and made a change to grub.cfg in attempt to get my USB 3.0 Ports working, making me thing that the grub.cfg change is the culprit.
Now I need to select Ubuntu with linux [version] (upstart) to get it to boot.
I can provide any logs/lshw/[whatever]. I just want to get Ubuntu working normally.

This question should be closed, I have set the default grub option to upstart and that worked for me as a workaround. Anyways it's been so long that I've switched my OS 3 times.


Fresh Ubuntu 16.04 install, broken VMware Tools I just installed Ubuntu 16.04 and let VMware Workstation 12 install it using the easy installation process. The minute I boot up the VM, I try and share folders using the VM settings window, and the first thing I get is:

  Unable to update run-time folder sharing status: There was an error
  mounting the Shared Folders file system inside the guest operating
  system.

So here I am starting to troubleshooting after a fresh install of Ubuntu 16.04 running on my Windows 10 Pro host. The window auto-resize works just fine, I just can't share folders and that's pretty imoprtant for me.

Can someone please point me in the right direction here? Here's a few suggestions that I've read around online and tried without any success:

Suggestion #1

# http://askubuntu.com/a/290528/269349
sudo apt-get install linux-source
sudo apt-get install open-vm-tools
mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /home/user1/shares

Didn't work, as I already have open-vm-tools installed and running the mount command just gives me an error stating Error: cannot mount filesystem: No such device

Suggestion #2

# https://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools/issues/62#issuecomment-174631126
git clone https://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools.git
cd open-vm-tools/open-vm-tools
sudo apt-get install libmspack0 libmspack-dev libprocps3 libprocps3-dev dnet-progs libdumbnet-dev doxygen
./configure --without-x --without-pam --without-ssl --without-icu
make MODULES=vmhgfs
insmod modules/linux/vmhgfs/vmhgfs.ko

mount -t vmhgfs .host:/ /mnt
ls /mnt

This doesn't work because then I get this error:

# sudo apt-get install libmspack0 libmspack-dev libprocps3 libprocps3-dev dnet-progs libdumbnet-dev doxygen
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package libprocps3-dev is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
However the following packages replace it:
  libprocps4-dev:i386 libprocps4-dev

E: Unable to locate package libprocps3
E: Package 'libprocps3-dev' has no installation candidate

Suggestion #3

Tried uninstalling open-vm-tools and installing VMware tools from the menu, but despite running sudo apt-get remove open-vm-tools && sudo apt-get autoremove, VMware Tools repeatedly tells me that open-vm-tools is still installed. Rebooting doesn't help either and I've tried researching how to complete uninstall open-vm-tools without any real solutions.

I had the same problem but I solved it by removing open-vm-tools and installing open-vm-tools-desktop and after a Reboot everything works.

Solution that works for me (VMware 12.1.1 build-3770994):

sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r) make gcc
reinstall VMwareTools from VMware menu


Syncing music to Android with Rhythmbox "Error transferring track" Like the title says, I'm having trouble syncing music onto my phone (Samsung Note 5 running Android version 7.0) using Rhythmbox 3.3 in Ubuntu 16.04. Here's the steps I take:

Open Rhythmbox
Unlock my phone and plug it into my comp
Accept the warning on my phone "allow acces to device data - an MTP connection will be established..."
"SAMSUNG Android" pops up in Rhythmbox's devices list
Set up properties for the phone using the properties button - right now I'm just trying to sync a playlist with a single song, also tried one with about 30 songs with the same results
Hit the sync button, which brings up this error from Rhythmbox

"Error transferring track - could not open resource for writing"

Copying music onto the phone using the direct approach works, and the phone is able to play the tracks that are copied. The phone is NOT locked when the error occurs. Also Rhythmbox can see and play tracks from the phone while it's connected.

Also note that I've tried solutions like the ones found in posts like this:
Sync Android with Rhythmbox

Copying single music tracks into the phone's music directory before syncing doesn't do anything to help the error.

Any help or suggestions are greatly appreciated!

I experienced the same issue using a Samsung Galaxy S7 and Rhythmbox 3.4.2 in Ubuntu 18.04.

I solutioned it by updating Rhythmbox to version 3.4.3. You can install it from an unofficial PPA (http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2019/01/rhythmbox-3-4-3-released-with-numerous-bug-fixes/).

Worked for me !

With a little luck and help from a tech expert I figured out the solution to my problem.

You have to change the USB connection settings on the android phone. Try these steps:

Connect your phone to the computer, make sure to allow USB data transfer if your phone asks you
In your phone notifications list there should be an entry that says something like "USB for file transfer - tap for other USB options"
In the list of options that follows, choose the second option "Transfer images."

I had been using the top option "Transfer files," the second option on the list says "Transfer Images" and then clarifies that only images can be transferred using that option. It is full of lies. Changing to this USB transfer mode has solved the issue. Hope this helps!


How to install LibreOffice 4.4.x in Ubuntu? Tried:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-4-4

but cannot add PPA:
Cannot add PPA: 'ppa:~libreoffice/ubuntu/libreoffice-4-4'.
The team named '~libreoffice' has no PPA named 'ubuntu/libreoffice-4-4'

Libreoffice 4.4 was just released - the corresponding repository was created just some hours ago, it seems. As a result, the mentioned commands work now:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/libreoffice-4-4
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
[...]
The following packages will be upgraded:
  fonts-opensymbol libreoffice libreoffice-avmedia-backend-gstreamer libreoffice-base libreoffice-base-core libreoffice-base-drivers libreoffice-calc libreoffice-common libreoffice-core libreoffice-draw
  libreoffice-help-de libreoffice-impress libreoffice-java-common libreoffice-kde libreoffice-l10n-de libreoffice-math libreoffice-pdfimport libreoffice-report-builder-bin libreoffice-sdbc-firebird
  libreoffice-sdbc-hsqldb libreoffice-style-human libreoffice-style-oxygen libreoffice-writer python3-uno uno-libs3 ure

Please note, thought that right now the packages in the repo still carry the version tag rc3. It might take some more time until they are updated to the final version.

Step 1: Add the Official PPA

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:libreoffice/ppa

Step 2: Update the Repository

sudo apt-get update

Step 3: Install Libreoffice 4.2.2

sudo apt-get install libreoffice


Errors installing php5-mysql extension Getting error when installing php5-mysql. Looks like a dpkg error. Perhaps a broken package.

Have tried to fix the broken package.
Have reinstalled the lamp server and everything seems fine except being able to install the php5-mysql extension, I get:

Errors were encountered while processing: php5-mysql

The sub-process for dpkg is returning an error code.

Any ideas appreciated.

This technique is based on owl's answer, but:

It avoids deleting the .prerm file. This file is needed to ensure the package is uninstalled cleanly, and removing it could potentially leave traces of the package remaining, leave the system configured in a way that expects the package to be installed, or leave services provided by the package running, even once the files are removed.

That makes this technique safer, though potentially it might not work if there is also a problem running the .prerm script. (This may have been why owl said to delete it.) Fortunately, usually the .prerm script does not fail.
This technique potentially removes more configuration files, so depending on the cause of the problem, this might be more effective.

It also makes sure we are fetching the correct version of the package to install.

Run:

sudo dpkg -P php5-mysql
sudo apt-get --purge autoremove
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install php5-mysql

If there are no errors, then everything is cleaned up from the previous installation and php5-mysql is installed. In that case, the package should work properly now.

Why don't you try this command:

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/php5-mysqlnd.prerm

Or

sudo apt-get autoremove php5-mysql

This allowed me to install php5-mysql again.

So install php5-mysql again:

sudo apt-get install php5-mysql


Not able to play youtube videos - Failed to load "libpepflashplayer.so" I am getting the following errors when I play a YouTube video:

Failed to load "libpepflashplayer.so"
Freswrapper is a translation layer which needs PPAPI plugin backend. Ensure your system have "libpepflashplayer.so" available.
Paths tried:
/opt/google/chrome/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/opt/google/chrome-beta/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/opt/google/chrome-unstable/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/adobe-flashplugin/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib64/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/chromium-browser/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib64/chromium-browser/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/chromium/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib64/chromium/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/opt/chromium/PepperFlash/libpepflashplayer.so
/usr/lib/pepflashplugin-installer/libpepflashplayer.so

I am using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS 32-bit.

How do I correct the above errors?

You'll need to install the Pepper Flash plugin. Do so by running following commands in terminal:

sudo apt-get install pepperflashplugin-nonfree

and then

sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --install

See this post on WebUpd8 for more details.

Google changed the key source. Try this, it worked for me.

gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 1397BC53640DB551

gpg --export --armor 1397BC53640DB551 | sudo sh -c 'cat >> /usr/lib/pepperflashplugin-nonfree/pubkey-google.txt'

sudo update-pepperflashplugin-nonfree --install


How to uninstall Image Magick? I want to remove ImageMagick from Ubuntu 16.04.

I've tried sudo apt-get remove imagemagick with no joy.

I've tried to click the "remove" button in the Ubuntu Software app, but that doesn't remove this app. (The Ubuntu Software app appears to remove it, but it doesn't actually uninstall. When I close and reopen the Ubuntu Software app, ImageMagick is still listed.)

I did not install this app. It apparently came pre-installed with the Ubuntu distribution. I've read elsewhere that if I had installed it with a  make command that I could make an uninstall routine. If that is how I need to go, I'd very much appreciate which directory to use and which commands I need to use to create the uninstall routine.

(Note: this is not a duplicate of the other "How to uninstall Imagemagick" question, as that question was for a user who apparently had installed ImageMagick themselves.)

Thanks very much!

First, before removing it, you should know that you will remove other software that you might need, like parts of the printing system. My recommendation? Don't remove image magic.

But if you are sure you want to remove it, you can do this in a terminal window

sudo apt remove --purge imagemagick

Install it again with apt before attempting to purge.

In a terminal, run these commands in the following order:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install imagemagick
sudo apt purge imagemagick-*


Discs in DVD Drive not being read Does anyone have an experience with Ubuntu that is no longer reading discs in the DVD drive?
This is my first time Ubuntu does not see the disc :| The disc is fine and works on my other Ubuntu computers.

The drive is there and powered. I can even type in eject in a terminal and the drive will open. Using the command: sudo lshw -C disk  I am able to see info about my drive too. Actually BOTH of my internal DVD drives cannot read discs anymore. If the output is not readable below, here is the info in pastebin.

http://pastebin.com/GqqSCTPw

*-cdrom:0
       description: DVD writer
       product: DVD_RW ND-3500AG
       vendor: _NEC
       physical id: 0.0.0
       bus info: scsi@0:0.0.0
       logical name: /dev/cdrom1
       logical name: /dev/cdrw1
       logical name: /dev/dvd1
       logical name: /dev/dvdrw1
       logical name: /dev/scd0
       logical name: /dev/sr0
       version: 2.1B
       serial: [_NEC    DVD_RW ND-3500AG2.1B06022300BT-LIGGY
       capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r
       configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc
  *-cdrom:1
       description: DVD-RAM writer
       product: CDDVDW SH-S222A
       vendor: TSSTcorp
       physical id: 0.1.0
       bus info: scsi@0:0.1.0
       logical name: /dev/cdrom
       logical name: /dev/cdrw
           logical name: /dev/dvd
       logical name: /dev/dvdrw
       logical name: /dev/scd1
       logical name: /dev/sr1
       version: SB01
       capabilities: removable audio cd-r cd-rw dvd dvd-r dvd-ram
       configuration: ansiversion=5 status=nodisc

Adding a entry in /etc/fstab  may solve your issue, I was having issues using programs in wine that would not recognize my cdrom. In your case start by running:
sudo mkdir -v /media/cdrom0 ; sudo mkdir -v /media/cdrom1

This will create the future mount points for your cdrom drives. Then run this command which will edit in the proper lines in your fstab file:
 echo "# cdrom 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
 echo "/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/  auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
 echo "# cdrom 1" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab
 echo "/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom/ auto ro,noauto,user,exec 0 0" | sudo tee -a /etc/fstab

Then you will want to remount the file systems listed in fstab with this command:
sudo mount -a

Pop in a cd or dvd to see it this corrected the issue. If it did solve the issue there is some problem with automount. This is only a workaround for a bigger problem.

Type in:

sudo wget --output-document=/etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/$(lsb_release -cs).list &&
sudo apt-get --quiet update &&
sudo apt-get --yes --quiet --allow-unauthenticated install medibuntu-keyring &&
sudo apt-get --quiet update

This did the trick for me.


Recovery of data after "Erase disk and install Ubuntu" I am new to Ubuntu. I have just installed Ubuntu on my system and unfortunately I have selected the "Erase disk and install Ubuntu"-option while installing
the same.

It has deleted all my previous valuable data and an important project. Kindly tell me how I can recover all data.

I had Windows 7 before installing Ubuntu.

Use an Ubuntu live CD and do not use the hard disk that was erased in any way
Press super(Windows) key and try Software Sources. Enable to Universe repository
Install testdisk using sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install testdisk
Start testdisk using sudo testdisk
Create a log, locate your partition and select its type (e.g.: Intel PC/ GPT etc.)

Read the options on the screen and proceed

Note: Save the recovered files (if any) to some other drive, preferably an external drive, not on the hard disk that was erased.

Generally when it says deleted all the data it doesn't actually refer to delete. Your partition has just been labeled for overwrites with use. That is, the information has been classified as worthless and will be overwritten when more useful data needs to be stored(i.e. your new data like installing Ubuntu) So the more data you use the more of your 'supposed deleted data' is going to get overwritten.
Sadly there is no way to completely reverse the process, But
There are many tools for recovery of deleted data

  http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk

Command line, could be a challenge if you aren't comfortable &

  http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec

Are some of the tools you can use
Do note this is only if the data is still present in some form hidden/ghost and has not been corrupted by overwriting of the bytes.

Some of the Steps you can perform Using testdisk:
1) Under Unix/Linux/BSD, you need to be root to run TestDisk (ie. sudo testdisk-6.13/testdisk_static). You must have installed testdisk in the first place using, in my case it was

tar -xjf /<path to>/testdisk-7.0.linux26-x86_64.tar.gz
cd testdisk-7.0.linux26-x86_64
./configure
make
sudo make install

After you download it, in that order.

Then you can try the following recommended steps from testdisk's intruction webpage:

1) To repair a filesystem not listed by TestDisk, run testdisk device, i.e.

testdisk /dev/mapper/truecrypt0

or

testdisk /dev/loop0

to repair the NTFS or FAT32 boot sector files from a TrueCrypt partition. The same method works with filesystem encrypted with cryptsetup/dm-crypt/LUKS.

To repair a filesystem on top of a Linux RAID device.

testdisk /dev/md0

2) Press Create in the next step, if it gives an error opt for 'No Log'

3) All hard drives should be detected and listed with the correct size by TestDisk:

Use up/down arrow keys to select your hard drive with the lost partition/s.
Press Enter to Proceed.

4) Partition table type selection
TestDisk displays the partition table types.

Select the partition table type - usually the default value is the correct one as TestDisk auto-detects the partition table type.
Press Enter to Proceed.

5) Current partition table status
TestDisk displays the menus (also see TestDisk Menu Items).

menus
Use the default menu "Analyse" to check your current partition structure and search for lost partitions.
Confirm at Analyse with Enter to proceed.
Now, your current partition structure is listed. Examine your current partition structure for missing partitions and errors.

Analyse
The first partition is listed twice which points to a corrupted partition or an invalid partition table entry.
Invalid NTFS boot points to a faulty NTFS boot sector, so it's a corrupted filesystem.
Only one logical partition (label Partition 2) is available in the extended partition. One logical partition is missing.

Confirm at Quick Search to proceed.

6) Quick Search for partitions
TestDisk displays the first results in real time.
quick search
During the Quick Search, TestDisk has found two partitions including the missing logical partition labeled Partition 3.

first results
Highlight this partition and press p to list your files (to go back to the previous display, press q to Quit, Files listed in red are deleted entries).
All directories and data are correctly listed.

Press Enter to proceed.

7)  For the rest of the steps I highly recommend you visit the testdisk website as there are many exhaustive steps with complete details

http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk


How do I install and run a TFTP server? I have an embedded VxWorks target that needs to boot its kernel from my Ubuntu computer. How do I install and run a TFTP server?

TFTP Server Install and Setup

Install following packages.

sudo apt-get install xinetd tftpd tftp

Create /etc/xinetd.d/tftp and put this entry

service tftp
{
protocol        = udp
port            = 69
socket_type     = dgram
wait            = yes
user            = nobody
server          = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
server_args     = /tftpboot
disable         = no
}

Create a folder /tftpboot  this should match whatever you gave in server_args. mostly it will be tftpboot

sudo mkdir /tftpboot
sudo chmod -R 777 /tftpboot
sudo chown -R nobody /tftpboot

Restart the xinetd service.

newer systems:

sudo service xinetd restart

older systems:

sudo /etc/init.d/xinetd restart

Now our tftp server is up and running.

Testing our tftp server

Create a file named test with some content in /tftpboot path of the tftp server

Obtain the ip address of the tftp server using ifconfig command
Now in some other system follow the following steps.

tftp 192.168.1.2
tftp> get test
Sent 159 bytes in 0.0 seconds

tftp> quit

cat test

Source:
http://mohammadthalif.wordpress.com/2010/03/05/installing-and-testing-tftpd-in-ubuntudebian/

You can install tftpd-hpa and change the configurations . Steps for installing tftpd-hpa is explained in this blog post.


Blank desktop when logging in via xrdp I am trying to access Ubuntu 11.10 using Remote Desktop from a Win 7 machine.  I installed xrdp.  I launch the Windows remote desktop client and login in.  I then get prompted for the user name and password.

It then logs in, but all I see is the background, no menus, nothing.  I have to kill remote desktop by closing it.

Even if I right click , nothing.  Any ideas???

The only reason I even went down the RDP road was that VNC would not work either, even after I enabled desktop sharing.  I am in a bind as I need to connect to Ubuntu via Windows.  In version 8 Ubuntu this was not an issue and it just worked.

You might still have another desktop manager in your .xsession config.

cd /home/youruser
echo "gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d" > .xsession
sudo /etc/init.d/xrdp restart

I've had a similar issue and this solved it.

See here, it's the best solution until now for Ubuntu 13.10. Scroll down see brian mullan's coments.
I installed x2go and works like a charm on KDE Ubuntu 13.10
No more xrdp.

http://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=4448&cpage=1#comment-1013

Have a nice day all ...


How to make the keyboard shortcuts like macOS on Ubuntu? I've seen plenty of questions regarding this, but they all seem to do a remap of the keys, instead of an actual macOS behavior.

My main use case would be to "split" the shortcuts: for example I would like to have Super+C to copy text, and Ctrl+C to send a SIGINT to the current program.

In this case, a simple remap or swap of Super and Ctrl would not work.

I find the behavior of the mac to be very practical, because all the most common shortcuts use Super, and the famous copy shortcut doesn't overlap the famous SIGINT shortcut.

Most terminal apps react to Ctrl-* shortcuts, and they mostly overlap with "standard" shortcuts. In GNOME Terminal, we have to press Ctrl+Shift+C to copy text, whereas in other applications like Firefox, Ctrl+C is used. This is quite cumbersome and inconsistent compared to Super+C.

Ubuntu 20.04, June 2020
After spending an insane amount of time trying to figure out how to get MacOS-like shortcuts working on Ubuntu, I've found kinto. Just follow the instructions, it worked perfectly on 20.04 for me using an Apple aluminum keyboard. CMD-C/V copies & pastes everywhere and CTRL-C etc. work in the terminal.

You can achieve using xmodmap commands:

remove mod4 = Super_L
keysym Super_L = Control_L
add Control = Control_L

Save the above lines as super_as_ctrl.xmodmap. Test by executing

xmodmap super_as_ctrl.xmodmap

To make the change permanent (surviving re-login/reboot) just rename the file to .Xmodmap in your home folder.

(Tested on Ubuntu 14.x)

PS: You could also make use of other windows button. Not sure how to do that.


How do I upgrade to Postgres 9.2? Just recently, I've read that PostgreSQL 9.2 is released. My Ubuntu 12.04 has PostgreSQL 9.1.5 installed. How can I update to 9.2 version? I tried apt-get update and apt-get upgrade but no updates for PostgreSQL.

Here's the instructions for adding the postgresql apt repository: https://wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Apt

Quickstart

Import the repository key from http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ACCC4CF8.asc:

wget -O - http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ACCC4CF8.asc | sudo apt-key add -

Edit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/pgdg.list. The distributions are called codename-pgdg. In the example, replace squeeze with the actual distribution you are using:

deb http://apt.postgresql.org/pub/repos/apt/ squeeze-pgdg main

Configure apt's package pinning to prefer the PGDG packages over the Debian ones in /etc/apt/preferences.d/pgdg.pref:

Package: *
Pin: release o=apt.postgresql.org
Pin-Priority: 500

Note: this will replace all your Debian/Ubuntu packages with available packages from the PGDG repository. If you do not want this, skip this step.
Update the package lists, and install the pgdg-keyring package to automatically get repository key updates:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pgdg-keyring

Once you've added that repository, you can do sudo apt-get install postgresql-9.2

Try this:

sudo -u postgres psql --cluster 9.2/main


how to set static ip in ubuntu 16.04 on raspberry pi 3 (cloud-init)? I installed Ubuntu 16.04 on Raspberry pi 3 but when I edit /etc/network/interfaces to setup a static ip it gets replaced with default settings on startup.  Looks like cloud-init is managing the network settings.  How do you manage cloud-init?
Google rendered no help.
Thanks.

I tried simply apt remove'ing cloud-init on the latest 16.04 server image from Pi Flavour Maker, and it rendered my system unbootable. This tip for a different Ubuntu (probably the official desktop 18.04) warns that there may be other processes that depend on cloud-init, and those dependencies aren't automatically cleared up by removing it:
gotcha warning about 18.04

  You just deployed yourself a fresh copy of Ubuntu Server 18.04 Bionic
  Beaver. It should be the latest and greatest, and you just need a
  virtual machine to do some web development or perhaps you just want to
  enable IP forwarding and use this machine as a router. That's great,
  except the latest Ubuntu assumes that you are part of the current
  trend to put everything in the cloud, and so ships with something
  called cloud-init.

  No harm normally, but this wastes valuable seconds doing something you
  don't need if you're not in the cloud. It’s easy to remove this
  package by following the (modified) instructions
  here:

dpkg-reconfigure cloud-init

  Then deselect all the options except None.

sudo apt-get purge cloud-init
sudo mv /etc/cloud/ ~/; sudo mv /var/lib/cloud/ ~/cloud-lib

  I prefer to move, rather than delete, in case something goes wrong and
  you wish to restore the files.

  When you remove cloud-init following those steps, your machine stops
  booting and there is apparently a service that is waiting for network
  to be up. This would normally be just an inconvenience, but the boot
  hangs indefinitely waiting for said network. Odd choice of
  configuration out of the box, but anyway, you can fix this by:

  List the services which depend on network being online.

sudo systemctl show -p WantedBy network-online.target

  This will list the culprits as some iscsi services that you probably don’t need.
  Disable the services and remove the open-iscsi package

systemctl disable <service name>
sudo apt remove open-iscsi

  That should do to get the system booting without some service waiting
  endlessly for a network connection.


How to automatically create `.m3u` (or other playlist file) for multiple directories supporting multiple file formats? I want to create a .m3u (playlist) file for every folder that's inside a directory, automatically and save it inside that particular folder with the name of that particular folder?

How to Create an .m3u file with command?

 playlist='play.m3u' ; if [ -f $playlist ]; then rm $playlist ; fi ; for f in *.mp3|; do echo "$(pwd)/$f" >> "$playlist"; done

This command does it for ".mp3" files, for a single directory

Source

Multiple File formats

I want the above command to work on any Audio/Video formats. extensions like .m4a  .flac  .mp4 .mkbv so that it can be used for Video playlists as well

Multiple Directories

if I apply the script on the parent folder of these folders, each one of these folders should get their own .m3u file

Nautilus Script

if possible a Nautilus Script that could do all this with a right click would be amazing, i'm ready to give more outputs or anything else required

Advantages

Good File Management
it'll automatically add the playlist with the name of the album in Rythmbox (or other music players)
Once it's done their is no need to play files from going folder to folder

find -type f -iname "*.mp3" -or -iname "*.flac" -or -iname "*.m4a" > playlist.m3u

Another idea is you could use a bash loop and check for the mime type using the file command:

echo "" > playlist.m3u

for path in $(find -type f) do;
   if [ file --mime-type "$path" | egrep '(audio|video)' ]; then
      echo "$path" >> playlist.m3u
   fi
done

Doing a research in this field, I found this Bash script to create .m3u playlist files for all mp3s in subdirectories created by scarlson.

This meets your most essential requirements: multiple file formats and multiple directories.


ifort and icc installation on ubuntu14.04 I want to install Intel fortran compiler(ifort) and icc on my laptop with ubuntu14.04 OS. I have read from several sources that it is free for Linux distributions but when I want to get it from official the Intel website, it only shows a trial version. note that I want to use these compilers to compile RegCM4 (regional climate model) and WRF (weather research forecast model).

it is possible either gfortran and gcc, but it worked before, and its been one month that the model crash while compiling with gfortran.

Any Idea?

ifortran is not for free. I think gfortran is going to do the job. I never faced such problems with gfortran.
Just make sure that gcc and gfortran are up-to-date:

gcc --version
gfortran --version


Ubuntu dash not searching for files i've just installed Ubuntu 12.10 and i've found that in the dash i can't look for files that i haven't opened yet, eg: I have a huge collection of pdf files and when i look for them on the dash i can only find the ones i've opened. How can I correct this?Is there any way of changing the Dash search settings?

Thank you.


Running lmgrd on ubuntu 14.04 LTS I have installed Xilinx 14.7 in ubuntu 14.04 LTS machine(i386 - 64bit). But I am unable to run lmgrd (for starting the license server).

When I googled this problem, I found that lsb-core package needs to be installed. But the package is having many dependencies, I want to know how to install lsb-core package with all the necessary dependencies. Thanks for the help

On running sudo apt-get install lsb-core I got the following output:

Package lsb-core is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source
E: Package 'lsb-core' has no installation candidate

So I downloaded lsb-core package from http://packages.ubuntu.com/trusty/misc/lsb-core site and used sudo dpkg -i ./lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb to install it

By doing it, I got the following output

Selecting previously unselected package lsb-core.
(Reading database ... 163205 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb ...
Unpacking lsb-core (4.1+Debian11ubuntu6) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of lsb-core:
lsb-core depends on libc6 (>> 2.3.5).
lsb-core depends on libz1.
lsb-core depends on libncurses5.
lsb-core depends on libpam0g.
lsb-core depends on lsb-invalid-mta (>= 4.1+Debian11ubuntu6) | mail-transport-agent.
lsb-core depends on at.
lsb-core depends on binutils.
lsb-core depends on cron | cron-daemon.
lsb-core depends on libc6-dev | libc-dev.
lsb-core depends on locales.
lsb-core depends on m4.
lsb-core depends on mailx | mailutils.
lsb-core depends on ncurses-term.
lsb-core depends on pax.
lsb-core depends on psmisc.
lsb-core depends on alien (>= 8.36).
lsb-core depends on python3.
lsb-core depends on lsb-security (>= 4.1+Debian11ubuntu6).
lsb-core depends on time.

dpkg: error processing package lsb-core (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for man-db (2.6.7.1-1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 lsb-core

I am unable to install gdebi. On running `sudo apt-get install gdebi`
I got the following output:

 Package gdebi is not available, but is referred to by another package.
 This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or is
 only available from another source

 E: Package 'gdebi' has no installation candidate

I want to know how to install `lsb-core` package with all the necessary dependencies in one go.

Try to install by following method:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install gdebi
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lsb/lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb
sudo gdebi lsb-core_4.1+Debian11ubuntu6_i386.deb

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get lsb-core
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

Doing the above thing with unrestricted access to Internet solved my problem.


How do package files .deb files that are installed outside the package tree get put into the normal package tree? So, I've installed .deb files through double click or through dpkg, and I was wondering how do they get into the normal package tree structure you can get from apt-get synaptic etc.

I mean, if you install on purpose an older or newer version of a package, or a package that is not yet in the repositories but may soon be, what consequences and behavior to expect?

No difference really compared to the packages you install from various repositories.

You can list such packages from Synaptic by selecting Origin -> Local.

For the record, the "package tree" your refer to are typically called repositories (repos). If it is from Launchpad, it is called a PPA.

If you install an older version of a package manually (download a .deb file and install it with sudo dpkg -i), then the high-level package managers (apt-get, aptitude, Synaptic, the system update manager, etc.) will prompt you to update to the latest version of the package.

If you install a newer version of a package not in the repos, nothing (else) will happen. Since the version installed is higher than the highest version in any repo, the high-level package managers will consider it "up-to-date". When a version higher than the one you installed becomes available, the package managers will prompt you to update to the latest version. Note that if the version in the repos gets a security update and the version number is still less than the version you have installed, you will not be notified of it in any way, since your version is higher than the existing version.

If you install a package not in the repos at all, then there won't be much of an impact, except that you can manage it from a package manager. (In this case, "manage it" would mean that you can remove/purge it, since that the only action available for such packages.)


GIMP using command line I want to do some operation on some images using GIMP through the command line on Ubuntu.
Operations that I want to do are:

Open an image
Convert an image to gray-scale
Convert a PNG image to JPEG

How I can do them using the command line?

I don't know how to use Gimp for this task, but actually I think the tools from the package imagemagick are better choice for such CLI tasks. This package is widely used as conversion tool on the web server's applications as MediaWiki and WordPress, also it is a back end for some operations performed by graphical apps such PhotoShop. First you need to install the package:

sudo apt install imagemagick

Then use the following command to accomplish the task (reference):

convert input-file.png -set colorspace Gray -separate -average output-file.jpg

If you need to convert all PNG files in the current directory you can use a loop like this:

for f in *.png; do convert "$f" -set colorspace Gray -separate -average "${f%.*}.jpg"; done

You can run gimp -h to get the different options availabe for gimp

1.Open an image
gimp -n image_name.xxx

2.Convert an image to gray-scale
I have no idea if it's possible using Gimp navigate these links: https://www.gimp.org/tutorials/Basic_Batch/

https://superuser.com/questions/1334386/how-to-load-an-image-in-gimp-from-the-terminal-and-exiting-afterwards

3.convert png image to jpeg

I suggest using convert command line which is part of the ImageMagick

convert image1.xxx image2.yyy


Using xmodmap automatically after login Every time i reboot or start my computer, ubuntu 13.10 looses my xmodmap.
I have to type:

xmodmap .Xmodmap

and the mapping works.
How can I have this xmodmap automatically?

Open Unity dash and type  as startup applications and open it.

Then click at add button and add the

Name as xmodmap
command as xmodmap .Xmodmap

click at Ok button.

thats it , from next time it will autostart.
For example look at the image

The above didn't work for me with Unity 13.10 fresh install.

I had to tweak it a bit

#!/bin/bash
sleep 30
xmodmap .Xmodmap &
exit 0


Command to move a file to Trash via Terminal I would like to know if there is a command I can issue in a terminal so I do not classically remove (rm) the file, but instead move it to trash (i.e. Nautilus Move to Trash behavior).

In case there is such a command, I would also be interested in knowing what it is.

You can use gvfs-trash command from the package gvfs-bin which is installed by default in Ubuntu.

Move file to trash:

gvfs-trash filename

See the content of the trash:

gvfs-ls trash://

Empty the trash:

gvfs-trash --empty

In KDE 4.14.8 I used the following command to move files to trash (as if it were removed in Dolphin):
kioclient move path_to_file_or_directory_to_be_removed trash:/

Appendix: I found about the command with
    ktrash --help
...
    Note: to move files to the trash, do not use ktrash, but "kioclient move 'url' trash:/"

EDIT : For KDE 5.18.5, the command is kioclient5, the syntax is identical.


How do I install the X.org Radeon/ATI driver? I recently downloaded version 7 of the Radeon/ATI X.org Driver from this link: http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/driver/xf86-video-ati

My question is how do I compile and install it? I don't like using the offical AMD/ATI Driver.

Ubuntu Version is 12.10

Go into your terminal and type:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

If you want the stable releases (it would still help if you said what version of ubuntu you're running.):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

To build from git
If you are feeling adventurous, follow these instructions and they should work for you.

In order to install file which you have downloaded from the site, extract the content if it was zip file, then right click >> select properties >> In the permissions tab , check the Allow executing file as a program.


My CPU fan stop working on dell Inspiron 1545 After installing Ubuntu 12.04 my CPU temperature gets abnormally high: 80-86 °C. I saw that the CPU fan isn't running. Is it possible for this problem to be caused by Ubuntu or not?

I don't think it caused by Ubuntu. Please check

Your BIOS setting.
Reset it to default.
Update your BIOS.

It it does not work then you have problem with your FAN. (I think)!

Please let me know the update.

When my laptop g6 does that I took a needle and rotate it manually then I start the computer again and it works again, it happen twice now.


Problem In Playing Audio And Video On Ubuntu 14.04 I have ubuntu 14.04 installed on my pc. When  i play songs , it does not sounds clearly. I have I ball 5.1 home theater.  However same songs , videos I can play on windows 7 which I have in  dual boot mode on same PC.
I installed necessary codec for rhythm box player. But no Effect. Same problem on VLC too.
But it sound nice on my headphones.
Does problem is associated with my iball 5.1 ch speakers ? And if then why it does not have any problem in windows.....
Please Help me.
:)
Thanks!!!!!!

Try reinstalling and installing. The codecs could be a problem. I've had this problem. Convert one song (if you have time) using handbrake which can be downloaded from the ubuntu software center. If your computer has multiple sound cards try with each sound card. (Go to setting>>>sound). It could also be that the sound card is proprietary hardware which means you need to download the software to run the soundcard.


How do I delete my commands quickly? I use terminal for almost all tasks. Let's say I have entered a huge command like this:

sudo a-huge-command

What is the easiest way to delete the whole command with a single shortcut, rather than keep on hitting backspace key?

I'm a Ubuntu newbie looking to use Ubuntu in a professional way.

Use Ctrl+U to cut text from cursor position to the beginning of the command line. Later, if you want, use Ctrl+Y to paste the cut text.

If you just want to discard the current command line and get a new clean prompt hit Ctrl+C.

For more reference please check the Ubuntu  documentation for Using The Terminal

For vi key bindings

When usin a vi key map like in bash with set -o vi or in zsh with bindkey -v:

Insert mode

It is just the same keystroke as in default/emacs mode:

Ctrl+U

deleting form the current position to the start of line. So it deletes the whole line if the cursor is at the end.

Normal mode

There are multiple ways to delete the line in two keystrokes:

Delete linewise dd, with the default count of one line:

dd

which is the simplest in terms of keys touched.

Another way is: Go to start of line with ^, and delete to the end of line with D:

^D

These both delete the entire line, not only to the left, like Ctrl+U in insert mode, or the variant bleow.

If you are at the end of line currently, so you do not need to delete anything to the right, this would also do:

Delete from here d, to start of line ^:

d^

You can use these all from inset mode, you need the usual escape first to go to normal mode. For example to delete the whole line from insert mode, use:

Escdd


How to update firefox on 14.04? How can I update to firefox 42? There's nothing on the about page to update. I would like to update and keep all my settings and stuff. How can I go about doing this? I'm on Ubuntu 14.04 and currently using firefox 41. I'd like to avoid reinstalling but I guess I could if that would still save all my stuff. Thanks in advance for any help!

When a new version of Firefox comes out, there's a slight delay before it becomes available in the official repository. You can wait about a week for the update to get pushed out, or you can add the PPA for an unstable version.

Source: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FirefoxNewVersion

Of course, you could always uninstall Firefox from the package manager and manually download from https://getfirefox.com. If you download it this way, all updates will be available as soon as Mozilla launches them. However, it's probably best to just wait a few days for the Ubuntu archives to update.

Edit: Firefox 42 is now available in the official Ubuntu archives. :)

Okay click here and download FIrefox latest version Firefox Download


Delete confirmation missing when I hit the delete key I'm sick of accidentally deleting files and directories as DEL button is badly located on my keyboard. I would really like it if ubuntu asked me to confirm before deleting anything. Is there a way to do this?

Unless this has recently changed without my knowing, there is no way to get a delete confirmation on delete in Ubuntu. This is a feature that has been requested many times in Ubuntu, but is yet to be implemented thus far.

Kinda think both options if you are sure of someone asking either of them... This saves both times. Also it may help someone having the problem different than the other.

So in simple words, try to answer in all possible ways, if u are not that busy. :)

Well, MY ANSWER is:

  Delete confirmation is on by default, and can be set to off.
   But Move to Trash confirmation is off, and can't be modified yet!


Ubuntu 16 Stuck in Login Loop after Installing Nvidia 364 Drivers This didn't start out as a problem with the login loop.  I was attempting a clean install of Ubuntu 16 and using the new feature that allows it to detect proprietary drivers for me.

I started off with this issue

When I attempted to use the recommended Nvidia Drivers, it caused the laptop to become unstable and freeze.

I attempted the remedy from that post and it resulted in a login loop.

I have attempted this

sudo mv ~/.config/dconf/user ~/.config/dconf/user.old

Tried this

sudo mv ~/.Xauthority ~/.Xauthority.backup
sudo service lightdm restart

I have tried locating and disabling secureboot, but there is no secureboot option in the bios.  This is an HP DV2000 series laptop.

Nothing is helping

what i get when i try to log in

Can someone help?

edit:

Guest session does the same loop.

/var/log/Xorg.0.log shows a lot of stuff, but I took a pic of what seems relevant Here

Thing is the driver I first tried that started this mess was 304 drivers and the 364 drivers were supposed to be the fix according to other posts.

More editing:

I purged the nvidia files and it came back to a blank desktop w/o the interfaces so I right clicked and restored a backup.. The sidebar came back and it was running gallium.  I restarted and its the blank purple screen again.

I am thinking of just reinstalling and not using nvidia drivers.  The software center is telling me I have a presario and i should use 304 drivers.  Its not a presario. =(  At least the software center provides a suggestion for the coprocessor driver which is nice.

If you've been successfully running 16.04 with your video driver before, but the login loop issue happens after the latest software update, try this, it worked for me after trying EVERYTHING else. This is the equivalent of searching for "additional drivers":

sudo ubuntu-drivers list

then use:

sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

For me, this updated the driver for my nvidia quadroFx 3800 in a way that using sudo apt-get install nvidia-current would not.

After autoinstall, invoke another tty (ex. ctrl+alt+f1) and

sudo service lightdm restart

I ran into the login loop problem running Ubuntu 16.04 on a Macbook Pro Retina bought in 2012.
Over the years I have always been using the nvidia-304 driver from xorg-edgers that was going fine and mostly the only working option (with uefi boot). With the latest update (Nov 4 2016 on ubuntu 16.04) this driver stopped working and I spent long time trying to figure out the problems (I had nomodeset in boot options throughout).

My solution finally was to either
1) use nouveau (surprisingly because this never worked before) putting nouveau in /etc/modules and using a xorg.conf putting nouveau as device (but performance of this driver is suboptimal even on ordinary desktop activities) or
2) actually the latest nvidia driver nvidia-367 with no xorg.conf


How do you create a custom application launcher in Gnome Shell? How do you create a custom application launcher in Gnome Shell?

I have a local Eclipse installation that I'd like to be to quickly launch. So I created a symlink to the eclipse binary and placed it on my desktop. If I open a terminal, cd to ~/Desktop and run ./eclipse it starts Eclipse perfectly. However, if I click the Eclipse icon on my desktop, and choose run, nothing happens.

Alternatively, I wouldn't mind being able to search for Eclipse on the "Activities" screen, but I can't find any documentation on adding or registering custom applications.

Try to create a eclipse.desktop file under /usr/share/applications (or ~/.local/share/applications or directly in ~/Desktop) with the following content:

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Eclipse IDE
Exec=/path/to/eclipse/executable
Icon=/path/to/eclipse/icon
Type=Application
Categories=Development;

You can choose another category, too. For additional information:

Gnome's documentation about desktop files;
Categories available.

The easiest way I have found to create launchers using a full-featured GUI is vie MenuLibre, which is in the Ubuntu repositories. It will hold your hand through the process and allow you to create a custom launcher in a fast and straightforward manner, as long as you know where your resources reside (binary location, icon location, working directories, etc). Alacarte does not work reliably for me.


dell e5420 ubuntu laptop fan not fast enough for TF2 *problem  *
cooling is too passive for my needs.

i have a dell e5420 laptop running Ubuntu 16.04 LTS that I use for light Steam gaming,(team fortress 2) but Ubuntu doesn't have a advanced fan and power settings like windows7/8.1 does. [ windows settings> power settings> advanced power settings> {list} > CPU fan%]

I would like to make the CPU fan spin faster than low/ idle overall (or spin up sooner)  for better cooling ether through software,terminal commands,or BIOS/UEFI editing if actually necessary.

*what I have done so far to attempt to fix this *

I have installed p sensor to watch temps.
acquired a Targus chill mat.
acquired a USB bendy fan to assist the chill mat.
turned all in game settings down to super low.
installed ThinkFan

foot notes
I am familiar to PC hardware (high school CompTIA A+ class) and software and I have torn this PC apart top to bottom twice.

my PC is *not * overheating just obviously toasty and I want the CPU fan to do a better job like it does in windows.  I have cleaned the heat sinks and applied new thermal paste.

bios version A09

2 tips...

I'm not sure what BIOS you have, but if there are options for fan control, thermal profile, etc... Play with the settings... it is possible that your BIOS controls your fan speed, not your OS, and if that's the case then whatever program you install, it doesn't matter it won't change anything...
Get some machine oil, disassemble the fan if possible, (it often has a C shaped thing keeping it form falling apart at the back side under a sticker) clean it(it may have so dried shit inside), and put a drop of machine oil(mineral oil, or motor oil is fine) as you re-assemble it... Cooking oil will block it in time it's not like machine oil, don't use cooking oil or olive oil... I've done that many times, no fan has ever failed me. :) Press fitted, fans suck, cause you can't really disasemble it.


Sopcast on Ubunutu no sound and vlc problem I installed sopcast on ubunutu. All works well, except two problems.

The first is that after starting a sopcast stream, all works well until after a time the sound is gone.

The second is that is I'm setting  vlc as External media player in preferences there is simply grey screen.

Thanks for those who try to help.

Didn't found a great solution but the following method works:

  netstat -a | egrep 'LISTEN'

Then go over all the ports that with LISTEN and see which are Sopcat via http://localhost:PORT_NUMBER/tv.asf

Open network stream with that url in vlc and you're good

Just edit /etc/pulse/default.pa to disable module-suspend-on-idle.


Delete multiple files with regex I have folder with sub-folders with same files, for example:

 dsc_9660__content_w.jpg
 dsc_9660__content.jpg
 dsc_9660__h70.jpg
 dsc_9660__small.jpg
 dsc_9660.jpg

Suffix - is different sizes of images.

How to delete all files with suffix like this:__[a-zA-z0-9].(png|jpg|jpeg)?
And keep only original images without suffix as dsc_9660.jpg in my example

Try find command with its -regex switch or -iregex (case insensitive), change your regex to .*__[a-zA-z0-9_]*\.(png|jpg|jpeg) and use the -delete option to delete the matched file:

find . -type f -regextype "posix-egrep" -iregex '.*__[a-zA-z0-9_]*\.(png|jpg|jpeg)$'

You can use other types of -regextype (which is worked) in place of "posix-egrep" like: "posix-extended" or "posix-awk".

-regex pattern
    File  name matches regular expression pattern.  This is a match on the whole path, not a search.  For
    example, to match a file named './fubar3', you can use the regular expression '.*bar.'  or '.*b.*3',
    but not 'f.*r3'. The regular expressions understood by find are by default Emacs Regular Expres‐
    sions, but this can be changed with the -regextype option.

-iregex pattern
    Like -regex, but the match is case insensitive.

-regextype type
    Changes the regular expression syntax understood by -regex and -iregex tests which occur later on the
    command line. Currently-implemented types are emacs (this is the default), posix-awk, posix-basic,
    posix-egrep and posix-extended.

-delete
    Delete files

At the end add -delete switch to command to deleting matched files:

find . -type f -regextype "posix-egrep" -iregex '.*__[a-zA-z0-9_]*\.(png|jpg|jpeg)$' -delete

.*__[a-zA-z0-9_]*\.(png|jpg|jpeg)

The .* matches everything before __
The __ matches double underscores.
The [a-zA-z0-9_]* matches all alphanumeric and a single underscore _ characters. The * means this class of characters can be zero length.
The \. matches a single dot. To match a dot (.) literally you need to escape it within the regular expression using a backslash; without escaping, it matches any single character.
In the (png|jpg|jpeg), pair of parentheses makes it as a group of matches. Will match png or (|) jpg or jpeg.
The $ anchor, matches the end of string (or file names in this case)

Debuggex Demo and test on files

Try the below command,

cd <dir>
find . -type f -iname \*.jpg -delete

-type----> enter the type of the file ( __[a-zA-z0-9].(png|jpg|jpeg) )and make use of the command.

Hope this helps.


Installing Ubuntu along WindowsXP 32 bit I have Windows XP pro+Service Pack 3 (32 bit).I want to install ubuntu on my desktop along with windows XP . Can any one tell me whether I have to partition my hard disk manually before the installation process or is it done automatically by ubuntu during installation.I am new to this platform so a step by step explanation would be appreciated .Please help. Its urgent........Thank you.

In Windows XP create a new partition for ubuntu through disk management.
Then create a bootable ubuntu live usb through unetbootin software.
Boot from the ubuntu live usb,click on install ubuntu option,and then select the something else option.select the partition where you are going to install ubuntu and format it to ext4 filesystem.
Then install ubuntu on that partition.

Also refer this for dualbooting windows and ubuntu.

You will need to resize your WinXP partition and create unallocated space on your drive where then the Linux (ext) partition will be created.

There are 2 [simple] ways to do it:

1) Resize the Win partition with a Win tool such as this one: http://www.partition-tool.com. Then, when you install Ubuntu from a DVD/USB, it will automatically detect this unallocated space and use it for the ext partition when you choose the "install alongside" option.

2) Start Ubuntu installation from a DVD/USB, choose "something else". You will be redirected into the gnome GUI partitioning tool (gparted) which you can then use to resize the Win partition / create ext partition.

I personally prefer to use Win tools on Win partitions, but that's not necessary.

Be sure to allocate enough space to Ubuntu. You can resize the ext partition later but that may give you an extra headache of repairing a broken boot.


how to umount /dev/sda1 or to change for another partition? Is about this title. I need to change my partition to NTFS and i can't because my HDD is occupied with Ubuntu.

You can't if you want to continue using ubuntu. /dev/sda1 is your main partition and it cannot be changed to another file system without reformatting.

You need to use a live cd or another OS you have installed on your hard drive you reformat it, but you can't do it from inside ubuntu.

open terminal and type
sudo umount /dev/sda1


USC does not include fresh apps I am using Ubuntu 13.04 64 bit and I have a problem with Ubuntu software center; basically it fails to find new apps. For example I read an article on omgubuntu.co.uk such as "... was added to USC" and try to find it. But I cannot find it. Lightread, fogger, stormcloud etc.

Additional notes: That is not about updating or ubuntu 13.04 being in process. I have been using Ubuntu for a very long time and that was always the problem.

The "for sale" apps whether proprietary or open source, are only published for 'released' versions of Ubuntu. As 13.04 is still in development, and not yet released, these apps won't be published for 13.04, until it is released.

You're using the Raring Ringtail (13.04) repositories, where a few apps are published. Try to add the Quantal Quetzal (12.10) repos to get full access to the Ubuntu software. Get the 12.10 repos doing this steps:

Open this website and fill all the fields (but not 3rd Parties Repos!)
Open a terminal and run cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~/sources_old.list && sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list, type your password.
Now copy the 1st text box generated by the mentioned website.
Finally replace all the content at the Gedit window with the copied text.


How do I remove some sessions from the session list in Xubuntu When logging in to Xubuntu, I get a selection list of saved sessions, most of them is outdated old stuff.

I hit the delete button in a sportive manner. I tried a click to the left, and just a click to the right - no deletion possible.

I went through system menus and menu sections (and the system section of the menu).

Note: Not related: How to remove session entries from LightDM? or Managing the login screen's sessions list which links to it - they handle session-classes like xubuntu vs. xfce, gnome, kde - not different xfce-sessions.

Note: I want to remove some sessions, not all of them. I don't want to start with the session-list deactivated. I have 5 entries and want to remove 3 of them.

Go to $HOME/.cache/sessions and open the latest file with the name xfce-session-yourdesktopname in a text editor.

All your sessions are listed in the file by name in this format:

[Session: Default]

or

[Session:somename]

Select the entire set of lines from [Session:somename] to the next blank line (including the [Session:somename] line and delete them. Save the file.

This is how it goes:

Click on Settings manager at the app menu or run xfce4-settings-manager from a terminal
Click on 'Session and Startup'
Uncheck 'Display chooser on login' on the general tab, 'Session Chooser'
Also review the 'Logout Settings' on the same tab.
*In session tab, Click 'Clear saved session' *


Windows Blue Screen Like Problem in Ubuntu 13.10 Facing this weired problem in ubuntu 13.04. Even after upgrading to 13.10 the problem exists.

Its appear like windows blue screen. Suddenly this screen appears. I had to push the Powerbutton for seconds to shutdown the PC and start it again.

"

Aat what point of use does this happen?
You can try the re-install the kernel

http://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2013/11/linux-kernel-3-12-released-install-ubuntu-or-linux-mint/


Strange colors in Image viewer and firefox I've recently stumbled upon incredibly irritating issue with color display in firefox and image viewer. Some colors are just off, like red instead of blue etc.

This problem doesn't exist in Chromium, or most other apps I've been using.

What is the cause and how to fix it?

--Ubuntu 13.04 64x

It may be a color profile issue.

Go to System settings > Color

You will see your device. Click on your device and click the button Add profile.

In the menu that comes up select default color profile and restart your application.

Try going to Add-ons in firefox and disable them and then reactivate.
For me it worked.


Google Chrome can not start under VNC (Ubuntu 18.04) Nothing happen when I click icon of Chrome under VNC, tried both GNOME and XFCE. No error log in VNC. I am using TigerVNC, Here is my ~/.vnc/xstartup

#!/bin/sh
MODE="GNOME"
unset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
unset SESSION_MANAGER
if [ -e "$HOME/.Xresources" ]
then
    xrdb "$HOME/.Xresources"
fi

if [ "GNOME" = "$MODE" ]
then
    if which gnome-session > /dev/null
    then
        gnome-session --session=ubuntu &
    else
        MODE=""
    fi
fi

If I enter google-chrome under terminal, I will get error:

[7027:7027:0622/011058.037849: ERROR:sandbox_linux.cc(378)] InitializeSandbox() called with multiple threads in process gpu-process.

I can open other programs like Firefox under VNC without issue.

Update 2018-06-24:

If I delete ~/.config/google-chrome, I can open Chrome under VNC, but it took about 60 seconds to show up...

Once I logged in my Google account and close Chrome, I can not re-open it again...

There appear to be two issues here.

GPU acceleration. You can resolve this by running

google-chrome --disable-gpu

gnome-keyring-daemon. This is a fairly common problem with a number of workarounds. The most acceptable to me is to execute this before launching chrome:

gnome-keyring-daemon --replace --foreground --components=secrets,ssh,pcks11

However, you may find one of the other options more acceptable.

it is fixed by
sudo apt install gnome-keyring

after starting chrome again .. wait somewhat longer than usual.

Et wholla!


unable to burn ubuntu 13.04 in mac I can't burn ubuntu 13.04 iso on a dvd because it has a hybrid boot system and my mac doesn't recognize it. is there a way around it?

use a burning software for mac and do a 1to1 copy

I'm not a mac owner  you have to make a google query  or use

This list

I had this same problem a few minutes ago...I noticed that the downloading of the ISO ended a little sooner than I thought. It said "10 mins left" in the browser, 766mb/785mb, and a second later it finished downloading and it wouldn't burn. Must be a problem with the ubuntu servers. I downloaded it from a torrent site (kat.ph) and it worked fine -- 5x faster download too.


How to uninstall NetBeans? Since I did not install NetBeans via the Software Center (I installed it as an .sh file) I can't see an easy way of uninstalling the program.

How can I safely uninstall the program?

There will be a file named uninstall.sh in /usr/local/netbeans-x.x if you installed netbeans with root privilege. If you installed it with a normal user account the netbeans-X.X folder will be in your home directory. (Here x.x refers to the version number such as 6.9 or 7.2 etc)
Open a terminal and go to netbeans' installation directory using cd command. Such as cd /usr/local/netbeans-x.x.
Use 'su' to become superuser  (type in your root password).
Then execute uninstall.sh file with the command sh uninstall.sh.

Alternatively, You can double click on it and choose "run in terminal" option. You need to supply the password (admin user's) to do this.

Don't get confuse with codes. Here is the simplest way to Uninstall Netbeans..

Open Files.

Select NetBeans-8.1Beta (if you are using another version then select your version)

Open Terminal (alt+ctrl+T)

Drag uninstall.sh file to terminal window.

Uninstallation Process will be automatically intiated. :)


Excessive hard disk activity I am having problems on Ubuntu 12.04 x64 "fresh" installed on ext4 partition on primary HDD. When not in use every 5 to 10 seconds HDD is active for about 10 seconds an writing no mater what application is turned on or running. I used iotop and found that jbd2 is constantly writing to the HDD. The noise of the HDD is driving me crazy, at this rate disk will not last long. On the same HDD I have Windows 7 (dual boot Grub2) and everything works OK, the disk is turned off when not in use, and the computer is silent. Everything else is working fine (just little problems with Skype and the webcam, but that is tolerable), but fear from losing disk and noise is untolerable since I have computer turned on for 10 hours a day...

I tried manually to lower the frequency of journalling, but no solution found on web helped me so far, disk is grinding at same rate.

Any solution of this problem? If not I think I will stop using Ubuntu, no HDD will last long at this rate of use and the noise from HDD is not tolerable...

This are rare cases where the Hard Drive activity is above the normal use and the user is not using it that much. It has only happened to me twice in all of my years with Ubuntu. On one time I solved the issue by doing a fsck on the disk.

For example, if your HDD is /dev/sdb1 then do the following:

sudo fsck /dev/sdb1

In that case it said that I had booted the hard drive more than 200 times without checking. I actually did not count how many times but 200 is a lot in my book.

Anyway, when started checking, at some point it started finding problems and fixing them. A lot of them actually. After that I rebooted and problem was gone.

In the second case, it was because I edited the /etc/fstab and incorrectly passed a parameter to the hdd. The solution was to remove that parameter from it.

I would also have to say that adding noatime to the hard drive lessens the amount of write operations. For example this is my HDD in the fstab file:

# / was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=38673e00-ecc8-4e11-85d2-58af72999e5b /               ext4    noatime,errors=remount-ro 0       1

with the noatime parameter, the disk activity is less. Although, if using a version of the kernel 2.6.30 or greater, relatime is much better.

My suggestion for this would be:

Run fsck on the drive with the problem. It might detect many problems or it might not, but checking it will make sure the information is good and the hard drive has no file system problems.
In the Desktop run the disks utility. It shows the status of the drive and the SMART information about it. This can give you further information about it, specially if it has a hardware problem.
Type dmesg and look at the last lines. If there is something every 10 seconds it will show there. It can also show in cat /var/log/syslog or cat /var/log/kern.log
Lastly add the noatime parameter to your fstab file to save some access time writings.

Add on /etc/fstab file, the following string at the end of mount options for your filesystems on HDD:

,commit=600

For example:

UUID=cc614fb7-fbdc-4b6d-af3c-a3fda4f699a0 /   ext4    defaults,commit=600    0       2

reboot and
enjoy

man mount says:

  commit=nrsec     Sync all data and metadata every nrsec seconds. The default value is 5 seconds. Zero means default.


Getting error while running sudo apt-get update Whenever I am running $ sudo apt-get update, I am getting the following error.

$ sudo apt-get update
Hit:1 http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian xenial InRelease
Hit:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:3 http://ppa.launchpad.net/martin-frost/thoughtbot-rcm/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:4 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [94.5 kB]
Hit:6 http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-lxc/lxd-stable/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:7 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Ign:8 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu wily InRelease
Hit:10 http://in.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
Get:11 http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu wily Release [6,596 B]
Hit:12 http://repository.spotify.com stable InRelease
Ign:9 http://toolbelt.heroku.com/ubuntu ./ InRelease
Hit:14 http://toolbelt.heroku.com/ubuntu ./ Release
Ign:16 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome-remote-desktop/deb stable InRelease
Ign:17 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable InRelease
Hit:18 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome-remote-desktop/deb stable Release
Hit:19 http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb stable Release
Hit:22 https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-xenial InRelease
Fetched 101 kB in 5s (17.0 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done
N: Skipping acquire of configured file 'main/binary-i386/Packages' as repository 'http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome-remote-desktop/deb stable InRelease' doesn't support architecture 'i386'

chrome being the rogue repo here. I found this  question and this one similar to the problem that I was facing

What I have tried

As suggested in one of the answers, I tried running

$ cd /var/lib/dpkg/updates && sudo rm *
$ sudo apt-get update

As well as checking the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d

$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list
### THIS FILE IS AUTOMATICALLY CONFIGURED ###
# You may comment out this entry, but any other modifications may be lost.
deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main

My architechture

$ uname -a
Linux Acer 4.4.0-24-generic #43-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jun 8 19:27:37 UTC 2016 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ google-chrome --version
Google Chrome 51.0.2704.106

I had this same problem. Here's how I fixed it:

First, I executed this shell command in order to add [arch=amd64] back into the Chrome Remote Desktop repository file:

sudo sed -i -e 's/deb http/deb [arch=amd64] http/' "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/chrome-remote-desktop.list"

Then I did the same to the Chrome Remote Desktop cron file:

sudo sed -i -e 's/deb http/deb [arch=amd64] http/' "/etc/cron.daily/chrome-remote-desktop"

After doing that, I executed APT again, just to make sure everything was back to normal as it should be:

sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get check

You can try:
1.Restart the comptuer and try again.
2. Uninstall chrome, run the updates, reinstall chrome. To be sure i'd do it in this fashion:

 sudo apt-get remove google-chrome-stable
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get upgrade
 sudo apt-get autoremove
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install google-chrome-stable

If you want to keep your settings you can just log in to your google account on the browser.


SanDisk Extreme PRO SDXC 128GB Won't Mount Macbook Pro early 2013, Ubuntu 14.04 (latest updates as of March 30th 2016).  Everything works in OSX.  A regular 2GB SD card worked in Ubuntu.

When I plug it in it shows up in /dev as mmcblk0.

When I attempt to mount it:

domenic@mac:/dev$ sudo mount -t exfat mmcblk0 /media/domenic/thing/
[sudo] password for domenic:
FUSE exfat 1.0.1
ERROR: exFAT file system is not found.

But I have fuse installed:

domenic@mac:/dev$ sudo apt-get install exfat-fuse
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
exfat-fuse is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 7 not upgraded.

I have also tried a variety of file-system formats, and I have also tried varying sizes of disk partitions to eliminate these cases.

The solution shown here and here did not work for me as they simply recommend installing the fuse tools.

Here is what gparted sees. It will not create a partition table for this disk in any format:

Here is the output for fdisk -l:

domenic@mac:/dev$ sudo fdisk -l
[sudo] password for domenic:

WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted.

Disk /dev/sda: 251.0 GB, 251000193024 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 30515 cylinders, total 490234752 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x9f793f3f

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1      409639      204819+  ee  GPT
Partition 1 does not start on physical sector boundary.
/dev/sda2   *      409640   411854951   205722656   af  HFS / HFS+
/dev/sda3       411856896   419854335     3998720   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda4       419854336   490233855    35189760   83  Linux

Disk /dev/mmcblk0: 127.9 GB, 127864930304 bytes
4 heads, 16 sectors/track, 3902128 cylinders, total 249736192 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x00000000

Disk /dev/mmcblk0 doesn't contain a valid partition table

Having the card with a GPT partition table and ExFAT is the culprit. If I zero my USB flash device, then put it into the Mac, the format popup lets me choose between Apple / GUID / MBR. If I keep the default of GUID (GPT) now together with exFAT, I get the exact same behaviour on my Ubuntu 16.04LTS as you describe. This combination can only be read by Mac, but not Windows or Linux at the moment.

So you have to use Linux to make a readable exFAT partition as a first step.

Try

sudo fdisk /dev/mmcblk0 and make a new partition table in MBR format with o,n,p,1,Return,Return,t,7,w to make a new MBR drive with a partition of type 7 (NTFS/exFAT) which spans the full medium.

Now, from Ubuntu, do mkexfatfs -n YourVolumeNameHere /dev/mmcblk0p1.

Test SDCard under Ubuntu by mounting it (eject/reinsert should be enough), writing to it and if you like, with GParted. After that, boot to OSX and test the card again there for functionality.

Now it should work under all systems. I have tested it with a USB stick for Ubuntu 16.04LTS, Windows 10, and Mac OS X El Capitan.

You could create a disk image and dd it to the device.

sudo dd if=<disk partition identifier for the 2GB disk> of=./2GB.dd

Then write that to the other device.

sudo dd if=./2GB.dd of=/dev/mmcblk0 (make sure that is the correct device identifier!)

You could also do it in one step with

sudo dd if=/dev/2gbdiskid of=/dev/mmcblk0

That will take the entire disk from the small 2GB disk and write it (including the partition table etc.) to the 128GB disk. then gparted should be able to expand the partition.

Also make sure the tiny switch on the device (SD Card I assume) is set to allow writing to the device.

  If you are using a microSD to SD adapter, make sure the Lock switch on the left side of the adapter card is slid up (unlock position)
  from here


How to create live Ubuntu CD and connect using android USB tethering. I can boot my old notebook only from usb or cd drive. And I want to connect the internet via my android phone using usb tethering. Windows connects automatically if the phone is connected to the computer via usb cable and I turn the usb tethering on.

I cannot make this auto-connecting part working in slax so I hope that ubuntu would do this for me.

How do I make a live Ubuntu USB stick?

Or I have to do this exercise help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromUSBStick I have only Windows7 available right now.

Furthermore, I would like to know the steps to have my live session connect to the Internet using USB tethering on my android device.

1) Go to the Ubuntu Download page http://www.ubuntu.com/download

2) Select "Try it from a CD or USB stick and then select USB to see the detailed instructions.

3) Once the live session is up and running, connect the android device and select "USB tethering", this will show additional "Wired connection" in Ubuntu and you will be able to connect to the Internet using it.

As Ubuntu comes with android drivers (tested with my HTC Evo and Ubuntu 11.10 32bit). The connection should be up and running in seconds.

I am using Samsung Galaxy Y S5360 and USB tethering and Wifi tethering works immediately without the need for any configuration in my Ubuntu 11.04.


how to dual boot ubuntu on a pendrive[USB stick ]? So I have a pendrive with kali linux already installed on it. I want to make it such that i can dual boot kali and ubuntu on the pen drive. Is there any software that I can use?.

I know about xboot, but that only works on windows, and wine emulator can't seem to run it.

I can format and burn the iso through disk image mounter in kali (similar to how it works in ubuntu), by partitioning my pen drive and then burning the iso. Would the bootloader (I'm not sure, but I guess ubuntu default is Syslinux ) recognize it as a dual boot medium ?

As I know, nowdays Ubuntu default bootloader in GRUB2, not syslinux. So, you should:

Split your pendrive into two (or more) partitions.
Install Ubuntu on the empty partition - it should recognize Kali.

To be sure not to ruin your pendrive, ypu can try all manipulations into a virtual machine, for example, VirtualBox.


PC won't load past bios Can't load PC past bios menu.

Twice now I've upgraded my PC to 16.04 and both times the problem has occurred. Once I restart after the upgrade my computer will not boot past the BIOS POST. I'm able to open the BIOS menu and boot from the CD or USB drive however, am unable to boot from hard drive. To get my PC running after the first go I had to reinstall Ubuntu desktop twice, then install Ubuntu Studio, as intended.

What could be causing such a significant system failure?

Don't update to Ubuntu 16.04. I was able to isolate the system failure version 16.04. I was unable to load a clean distro at all, from a 16.04 version. I am also unable to operate the PC after an upgrade of any Ubuntu distro to 16.04.

I can work the PC perfectly on multiple distros at 14.04. Fortunately I had quite a few older distros laying around on my laptop and in CDs. It is unclear what is causing the failure, the CPU, Mobo, the combo.

My specs -
ASUS: Mobo: A88xm-E
CPU:  AMD A6-7400K Radeon R5


Installed Unity on my desktop PC and it is very laggy and annoying I just installed Ubuntu Unity on my desktop PC and it is very lag and annoying! Any ideas?

Unity has known performance problems due to the mutter window manager. For this reason, Unity is switching to compiz next release - Ubuntu 11.04. You are probably better off waiting until then before using it.

Reporting a bug may help the developers. To do this press Alt+F2 and enter: ubuntu-bug unity. Follow the prompts from there.

You can get a similar interface to the Unity dock with applications such as Docky.

You are probably experiencing a isolated problem. Try to report a bug at launchpad.net, and don't forget to offer details like: your hardware, devices, and how did you installed Unity.

Good luck!