How to evoke a Makefile in the GUI? Most Makefile users use the commandline. Thus they have no need of evoking it in the GUI. But Makefile can be used as an administration tool for the users too.

In my case, a clerk is tasked to maintain a document which changes daily, and as soon as she saves the file, the "source" is changed. I want her to convert it to PDF, stamp the PDF with a given template, encrypt it, merge it with a few other files, and produce three variations for different departments with different stamps.

I have a Makefile for that purpose, already written. Is there a way to let her evoke the Makefile without putting me to the mire of doing additional commandline training? She can save the document, evoke Makefile, and be done.

P.S. This is not about how to execute a shell script or an .EXE file because there is no shell scripts or .EXE files or any executable files in the question at all.

I have two solutions for you and I prefer Solution B

Solution A

The simplest way without a terminal is, add a wrapper script in the folder where the Makefile is.

Create a wrapper script

nano /your/make/file/folder/makeit

Add two simple lines

#!/usr/bin/env bash
make

Make the script executable

chmod +x /your/make/file/folder/makeit

Configure nautilus to ask each time, if you double-click an executable text file

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences executable-text-activation ask

or for a start without asking

gsettings set org.gnome.nautilus.preferences executable-text-activation launch

Solution B

A Makefile has the mimetype

text/x-makefile

Therefore create and use a desktop file with a wrapper script

Create the wrapper script

mkdir -p ~/bin
nano ~/bin/makeit

Add the code below

#!/usr/bin/env bash
cd "$(dirname "$1")" || exit
make

Create a desktop file

nano ~/.local/share/applications/makeit.desktop

Add the configuration below

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Make It
Comment=Start the make command
Exec=/home/user/bin/makeit
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Editor;
StartupNotify=true
MimeType=text/x-makefile;

IMPORTANT Replace user in the line Exec= with your username, the output of

echo $USER

Restart Unity/GNOME Shell, for the GNOME Shell e.g. Alt-F2, type r and Enter and Nautilus with

nautilus -q

Associate the Makefile with the makeit script

Open your file manager and right click on a Makefile
Click Open With Other Application
Click the button View All Applications
Select the entry Make It

I discovered "Open in Terminal" feature in nautilus.

Right click the empty space around Makefile
Choose "Open in Terminal"
Type make

This isn't exactly what is asked for, but is the closest solution. Half of the difficulty in training new command-line user is the concept of current directory - in this case probably entire difficulty - making this solution look good.


How to write š, č on Latvian keyboard In Ubuntu, to write ā, ē, ī, ū (vowel with macron or garumzīme) I type

Alt + - + letter

with the Latvian keyboard set

To write ģ, ķ, ļ, ņ (consonant with cedilla or mīkstinājuma zīme) I type

Alt + ,  + letter

But how to type č, š, ž (consonant with caron, háček or another type of mīkstinājuma zīme)

Alt + ??? + letter

The keyboard settings are the following:

The compose key is Right Alt

Other options for the compose key are

Disabled, Right Ctrl, Right Win, Left Ctrl, Menu, Caps Lock.

AltGr does not appear as an option.

The Latvian keyboard layout is prepared for the characters you mention:

AltGr + S = š

AltGr + Shift + S = Š

AltGr + C = č

AltGr + Shift + C = Č

Type

Alt + < + letter

Do not forget to use

Shift

to access

<


GUI for Ubuntu Server Possible Duplicate:
  How to get a GUI environment with Ubuntu Server?

I'd like to do some work with Ubuntu Server software. I'm familiar with Ubuntu Linux and have a fair bit of experience with networking and server technology, but I'm not strong on the Linux command-line. I tried to install the latest version of Ubuntu server, but it was just a command line. Is there a GUI version of Ubuntu server OR and easy way to install one from the command line?

TIA

You can install a light environment, LXDE.  To install it, just run the command below.

sudo apt-get install lxde

  As roadmr said, you'd better get comfortable, with the server command
  line.

Thats how you get the better control over your server.  For more information see the

Ubuntu Server Guide

For more information on how to install GUI on Ubuntu server see

Ubuntu 12.04 Server – How to Install a GUI

For installing Unity desktop you can use following command:

sudo aptitude install --without-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

or for smaller package to download use:

sudo aptitude install --without-recommends ubuntu-desktop


Problem in booting with USB stick to install Ubuntu I downloaded Ubuntu 14.04 LTS .iso file and created a bootable USB stick using UUI. When I tried using it on my HP pavilion laptop, I am not able to make the laptop boot from USB. Am not able to figure out how to change the boot order. I want to install Ubuntu on a separate partition and want to retain windows 8 as well. Step-by-Step instructions required please. Even with boot priority set to USB, the system does not find the operating system(Ubuntu) to start loading. I tried CD/DVD boot too. This is the msg. which is displayed.
 This is how my boot options in BIOS looks like:  Any solutions welcome.

When turning on your machine boot to your BIOS settings by pressing the key F2, or other F[number] if you have different machine settings.
Use right arrow key to move to the "BOOT" menu right on the top of your screen, the you will see a list of Boot inputs (DVD Drive, USB, Disk Drive, or whatever), I think you will find your Disk Drive on top of the list because the logic of boot of the computer says "I search for boot sector in number1 of the list, if found I Load that system else I move to the next in the list if found I load that system else I move to the next and so on until it finishes all the Boot inputs (the boot list)".
So you want to see "USB Drive" on top of the list, look down the screen and read how you can change that list, usually I do this by putting the cursor on what ever I want to be on top of the list the I press (+) button to move it the top, press it few times until it's number 1 in the list.
If you are done, don't forget to save changes either by pressing exit then when it asks you for save say "yes" or search for save option and do it.
Now, you are ready to Boot from you USB, put it there and turn on your machine and it will work.

If this is a little difficult to follow, here is a video that describes how it works maybe it can make things lot easier with video: your link.
Your issue will start on 5:20 so be tuned.

If you have Windows 8 or later the boot sequence is secure and will not let you boot to anything but Windows. You will have to disable secure booting to be able to boot to a live cd or usb.


How to connect iPad to Ubuntu 16.04 How can I connect an iPad to Ubuntu 16.04?

I can't seem to find a way to do so. I searched but I only found posts about using wine or dual booting Windows alongside Ubuntu. Also these articles are outdated and talk of the ancient 12.10 or 10.04.

Is there a package I can use to do this on Ubuntu without cursing myself for breaking up with Windows for good?

Basically I want to transfer files to and from the Linux machine to the iPad.

Just go to apple store and download documents 6, and plug in your Ipad.
That is all you need to do.

I tried running various commands (without understanding them) without success.

Pinguy didn't work for me either.


openstack-install stuck after aborted install I started running openstack-install with a maas server.  It told me that none of my servers had wake on lan or ipmi configured and left me hanging.  I broke out of it and now can't get it to openstck-install -u (uninstall) correctly.  It says that there is a partial install that needs to be uninstalled.  I have moved the .juju directory, removed the .cloud-install directory, removed the .maasclidb.  I have killed a twisted process.  Openstack-intall still claims that I have a previous installation.  How to I finish cleaning up the old one so I can proceed?

I had this same issue... unfortunately it was quicker for me to rebuild than to troubleshoot, so no help there. I did find though that if you press "q" to exit this issue does not occur. If you hit "cancel" though this problem pops up again.

pls try remove ~/.cloud-install and then install again (without -u)


Docker command works in terminal but not script After following instructions to setup a blockchain system, my colleague moved everything into a script since it needs to be run multiple times.

However as a script it fails on the following line:

docker exec -it cli bash

When entering it into a terminal use user and path change to root@someaddress which I assume is the new docker container. Then -it cli bash should create a new bash environment to run the rest of the commands.

Is there any reason this doesn't work as a shell script?

Bash command in docker

Welcome to Docker ;-) The command docker run -it cli bash starts the Docker image cli and than runs the bash command as login shell inside the container. This is way you get the root@someaddress prompt. So everything is as expected.

If you want to execute a command inside the container (and exit the container after that), use this:

docker run -it cli bash -c "echo hello from \$host; ls -la /"

Beware, quoting is important after the -c switch. If you need more information on the command_string checkout the bash manpage.

Run command(s) in container

There are many ways to get bash commands executed inside the container:

# mount the script into the container with -v
script=$(readlink -f myscript.sh)
docker run -it -v $script:$script cli bash $script

# use bash array to pass the commands into the container
cmd_list=()
cmd_list+=(echo cmd1)
cmd_list+=(echo cmd2)
cmd_list+=(echo done)
docker run -it cli bash -c "${cmd_list[*]}"

# google: bash here script


How do I install redshift in Ubuntu? I'm new to linux and I don't know how to install redshift 1.9.1, configure the color temperature and make it automatically start. I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.

Nowadays, as of 14.04 --  redshift is in the repos by default:

sudo apt-get install redshift redshift-gtk

In Ubuntu 19.10, you need no redshift any more, there is a feature built in called "Night Light"

(Open display settings and select the Night Light tab at the top to turn it on)

It is not exactly like redshift, but quite similar.


How to set nomodeset GRUB2 before I've installed Ubuntu When I hit e this is what I see

where do I place nomodeset

You put nomodeset between the quiet and splash part.

Put your cursor 1 spacebar back behind "quiet splash" and type noapic. So it will look like this "xxxxxxxxxxx noapic quiet splash" don't use quotes though and the x's are just whatever it says before where I want you to place noapic and I believe it's f10 to save and boot. Please post if it helped you as that's what I've had to do on my Asus laptop for a couple years and has always worked and I just started using bbqlinux and I had to do the same thing as well to get it to boot but it works with bbqlinux as well. Good luck... ~skulldreamz


What is gvfsd-metadata? A little Googling tells me that it often hogs CPU, and writes a lot of (worthless?) data to disc. In my own experience it simply consumes about 15%-20% CPU and offers me no benefits I can see. I've been killing the process whenever I see it come up, and I don't notice any negative effects.

What is gvfsd-metadata? What does it do? Do I need it, or can I disable it? Can I prevent it from becoming a CPU/memory/disc space hog?

I did see someone mention gvfsd-metadata along with Nautilus. If this becomes an issue, should I just change my file manager?

There are more than one way to mount different filesystems in linux.

Over /etc/fstab (works mount in background during boot)
can mount filesystems on harddrives also network devices like samba, nfs for example.

Another possibility is gvfs(abbreviation for GNOME Virtual file system) is GNOME's userspace virtual filesystem designed to work with the I/O abstraction of GIO (Gnome Input/Output). is a little overview for gio

gvfs comes with "modules/backends" for trash support, SFTP, FTP, WebDAV, SMB, and local data via Udev integration, OBEX, MTP and others.

gvfsd is the main daemon
gvfsd-trash # is for  trash://
gvfs-mtp-volume-monitor for mtp devices
gvfsd-metadata

I got this bit from the manpage (man gvfsd-metadata):

  gvfsd-metadata is a daemon acting as a write serialiser to the internal gvfs metadata storage. It is autostarted by GIO clients when they make metadata changes. Read operations are done by client-side GIO code directly, and don't require the daemon to be running.

The gvfs metadata capabilities are used by the GNOME Files file manager, and others.
You can disable it.

systemctl --user mask gvfs-metadata.service
To revert it use

systemctl --user unmask gvfs-metadata.service

If you are unsure stop only for test purpose first

systemctl --user stop gvfs-metadata.service

Useful Question! AFAIK gvfsd is a process ,that collects mata data when we use Nautilus. Metadata might get stuck on an infinite loop,we will kill that process by using gvfsd.


How do I open Chromium in incognito mode by default? I would like to be able to open Chromium in incognito mode automatically. I'm new to Linux and I love it so far but I haven't yet found a way to do this. I'm using Ubuntu 14.04.

I assume you mean the Chromium Web Browser.

You have to change one line in the chromium-browser.desktop file. The best is to do that locally:

Copy the file from /usr/share/applications to /home/yourname/.local/share/applications
Open the file with gedit (open gedit and drag the local desktop file on to the gedit window)
Find the first line in the file that begins with Exec=
Replace the line by Exec=chromium-browser --incognito

a few remarks:

The folder /home/yourname/.local/share/applications is a hidden folder by default. To make it visibe: go to your home folder, type ctrl + h, the .local folder will appear.
You can copy the chromium-browser.desktop file to your local folder with the command: cp /usr/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/chromium-browser.desktop
You might have to log out and back in before the changes to take effect.

The solution which worked for me:

open an incognito window
lock it to luncher
remove the other chrome from luncher
whenever you click this icon in luncher an incognito window of chrome will be opened.


How to merge 2 Gnome Password Keyrings? I've ended up with two password keyrings - one from old laptop and one from current installation.

How do I merge the two password keyrings into one so that I don't have to unlock both of them at login?

When you remove the password from your keyrings, gnome keyring manager will save the files as clear text. You can edit those files with a text editor and copy the keys around. Set a password to have the keyring files encrypted again.

I suggest you backup your keyring files before doing this.

I assume you have two keyrings like this:

And the keyring files looking like this:

$ cd ~/.local/share/keyrings
$ file foo.keyring bar.keyring
foo.keyring: GNOME keyring, major version 0, minor version 0, crypto type 0 (AEL), hash type 0 (MD5), name "foo", last modified Thu Jan  1 01:00:00 1970, created Thu Jan  1 01:00:00 1970, not locked if idle, hash iterations 1087, salt 10888099772058093604, 1 item(s)
bar.keyring: GNOME keyring, major version 0, minor version 0, crypto type 0 (AEL), hash type 0 (MD5), name "bar", last modified Thu Jan  1 01:00:00 1970, created Thu Jan  1 01:00:00 1970, not locked if idle, hash iterations 1749, salt 12972167437702069911, 1 item(s)

Remove the password from the two keyrings. To remove the password you have to change the password (right click > change password), enter the old password and leave the new password blank. A dialog will prompt you to verify that you want to store your passwords unencrypted.

Now your files should look like this:

$ file foo.keyring bar.keyring
foo.keyring: ASCII text
bar.keyring: ASCII text
$ cat foo.keyring

[keyring]
display-name=foo
ctime=0
mtime=0
lock-on-idle=false
lock-after=false

[1]
item-type=0
display-name=key1
secret=pass1
mtime=1311897928
ctime=0
$ cat bar.keyring

[keyring]
display-name=bar
ctime=0
mtime=0
lock-on-idle=false
lock-after=false

[1]
item-type=0
display-name=key2
secret=pass2
mtime=1311900380
ctime=0

Edit the files using your favorite text editor. Make sure to change the section numbers so they are consecutive and do not overlap.

$ cat foo.keyring

[keyring]
display-name=foo
ctime=0
mtime=0
lock-on-idle=false
lock-after=false

[1]
item-type=0
display-name=key1
secret=pass1
mtime=1311897928
ctime=0

[2]
item-type=0
display-name=key2
secret=pass2
mtime=1311900380
ctime=0

Back to the graphical keyring manager. Lock, then unlock the keyring so the changes take effect (right click > lock, right click > unlock). Alternatively you can close and reopen the keyring manager. You should now see all the keys you moved in one keyring.

You can now set a password and the keyring files will once again be encrypted.

What format do you have these keyrings in? If you are managing them both in the Passwords and Encryption Keys dialog, can you not select all the keys in the "old laptop" keyring, right-click and choose Copy, and then Paste them into the other keyring?

A document describing the structure of a .keyring file: http://archpub20.cs.ccu.edu.tw/cgi-bin/dwww?type=file&location=/usr/share/doc/gnome-keyring/file-format.txt


Ubuntu 19.04 how to add shared drive to google drive I'm using Google Suite and I have added my Google drive to Ubuntu online accounts.

I can see my Google drive and its content when I open the File Explorer. I have tried and successfully given all permissions from Google to Ubuntu gnome online accounts.

The problem is that I cannot see or add my shared drives, is there a way to do that?

This is currently (Q3 2019) not possible without additional (non-free or non-oss) software.

There are open issues on Gnome's GitLab issue tracker:

https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-online-accounts/issues/6
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gvfs/issues/377
https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libgdata/issues/25

as well as on ODrives Github issue tracker:

https://github.com/liberodark/ODrive/issues/44

At least insync (commercial) claims to give offline access to Google's Shared Drives for flexible and productive workflows. There may be support in other commercial offerings.

You should enable "show hidden files" in the File Explorer.


fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory| It has been weeks that I am trying to use Code::Blocks IDE on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS to program Atmega16, however I am hindered by the following error while compiling/building the program in C::B

/usr/include/features.h|374|fatal error: sys/cdefs.h: No such file or directory|

I have read this thread
and based on that I have tried to purge libc6-dev and ran into trouble by removing the dependencies. From previous experience I knew that there is a huge probability to get into broken pipe error. I tackled it by installing the lost dependencies.

Now still I have the same error.

If you are on an amd64 installation, you can try to install the package libc6-dev-i386. This helped me solve the same issue you encountered while trying to compile smm from i8kutils.

I got this while trying to compile openssl-1.0.2a while chrooted to a wheezy 32-bit partition while running a 64-bit kernel. the "./config" script was too smart, and decided to configure for amd64. I solved it by MACHINE=i386 ./config --prefix=$HOME, and then make worked without error.


USB drive became mounted as read-only after being unplugged while still copying I started copying some files to a USB flash drive on Ubuntu.
I was in rush, while the writing process is still running I unplugged the USB flash.

When I opened it on windows, the files I was trying to copy were missing and the drive was marked as read-only file system.
I tried many option to format it but nothing worked.

I plugged into Ubuntu and tried to format it using the "Format Volume" command in "Files".
I got the following error message.

Error wiping device: Failed to open the device'/dev/sdc1' (udisks-error-quark, 0)

I made a wide research with this error message, I tried many options:

As you can see, this didn't solve the problem.

I also tried to format it with "GParted 0.30.0".

As you can see in the picture there is a red exclamation mark near the partition name.

I proceeded to format, then I got this message:

Libparted Error

Can't write to dev/sdc, because it's opened read-only.

When the next windows appeared, I expanded the error message I got this:

I appreciate your help, to solve this issue and to prevent it form happening in the future.

Thanks in advance.

Assuming you don't mind losing anything on the affected disk, you should:

Unmount /dev/sdc
create a partition table on the disk in gparted (available from the Device tab).
If you are not sure what type of table to use, go with the default (usually GPT or msdos).
you will now see unallocated space on the disk. In this space, make a new partition,
change the filesystem drop down to the filesystem of your choice (from your screenshots, it appears you want NTFS).

If this goes well, you should then be able to use your flash drive again.

Put your USB-Stick onto a windows machine.

The best way to fix errors on a ntfs filesystem.

Make sure that windows is completely powered off after repair.


I consistently get two login screens I consistently get two login screens!
I enter credentials correctly and am immediately presented with a second login screen (no errors). Authenticating against the second screen completes a normal login to the Ubuntu desktop.

The above is a quotation from a problem reported on 7. May 2012 by Soren Mogensen. See User login cycles. I have the exact same problem, and was hoping that Soren might have received an answer which would enlighten others, but unfortunately Soren's problem was reported as part of an "answer" to another problem, and the only "solution" on that occasion was advice to create a new question.
I can login, I just have to present my credentials twice, so this is NOT a duplicate of any "unable to login" problem. My concern is that this looks like a classic phishing setup, where one of the two login screens is a fake designed to harvest my ID and password for some nefarious purpose. If Ubuntu has been susceptible to phishing attacks for nearly a year now, then I imagine that would be a matter of enormous concern.

Uninstall your gnome-screensaver,

sudo apt-get remove gnome-screensaver

Then, reboot. It works for me, now only unity login screen appears.

This solution seems to work for some as it looks like an ongoing problem depending on circumstances - Look in your system settings for "Lock Screen" in all possible applications.

Search dash or in system settings go to Brightness & Lock then turn lock off.
Check in other apps like Unity Tweak Tool > System and uncheck Desktop lock.
Open a terminal and navigate to /var/log/ then use less auth.log and check the log then check to see what happens at start if there any errors. Look out for pam-wallet issues like directory not found, error opening it. If you see wallet errors then try reinstalling - sudo apt-get install --reinstall pam-kwallet  then sudo apt-get -f install && sudo apt-get autoremove && sudo apt-get -y autoclean && sudo apt-get -y clean  finally sudo apt-get update. Reboot machine.
Reconfigure lightdm using commands below one by one

sudo apt-get purge lightdm
sudo apt-get install
sudo apt-get install lightdm
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm


grive sync error, possibly google API shift I am having trouble syncing with my google drive account from grive running on Ubuntu 14.04. I have never had problems previously. I tried purging drive from my system and deleting all local folders, but still come up with this when I try to run grive after reinstalling.

user@user-OptiPlex-780:~/drive$ grive
grive: Symbol `json_tokener_errors' has different size in shared  object, consider re-linking
Reading local directories
Synchronizing folders
exception: /build/buildd/grive-0.2.0/libgrive/src/http/CurlAgent.cc(149): Throw in function long int    gr::http::CurlAgent::ExecCurl(const string&, gr::http::Receivable*, const   gr::http::Header&)
Dynamic exception type:boost::exception_detail::clone_impl<gr::http::Error>
std::exception::what: std::exception
[gr::expt::MsgTag*] =
[gr::http::CurlCodeTag*] = 0
[gr::http::HttpResponseTag*] = 400
[gr::http::UrlTag*] = https://docs.google.com/feeds/default/private/full/-/folder?max-results=50&showroot=true
[gr::http::HeaderTag*] = Authorization: Bearer ya29.WwFOho3OkmkxFIdn86HBbtpSIyBYDzDgQua1K6JcEu7kCBLgvY1aEiUHCZlSCuli_qPHkTfNZLhDfQ
GData-Version: 3.0

Here is a link to a google developers page that suggests that the API has changed today link. could that be an issue?

Yes, Grive is using the defunct Documents List API. As of around 9AM PST we stopped serving these API requests. This is why the Grive client is receiving '400 Bad Request' responses.

Looking at the project, it appears to be unmaintained for almost a year and definitely hasn't been updated (here & here) to the new API that was released in 2012 when Documents List was officially deprecated.

insynchq works great for me. But, I just found this: https://www.thefanclub.co.za/overgrive


"Open in terminal" Keyboard Shortcut not working in 17.10 Keyboard shortcut for "open a terminal here"

I followed the steps mentioned in in the top voted answer in the above link for my Ubuntu 16.04 and my custom keyboard shortcut for "open in terminal", when a directory in nautilus was opened, worked perfectly.

However I recently upgraded to 17.10, and though the ~/.config/nautilus/accels file remained unchanged, nothing happens when I press the keyboard keys for it now when Nautilus is opened.

I also turned can-change-accels "on" from the dconf-editor which somehow had turned false after upgrading to 17.10

Please help me fix this problem

The issue is with the Compiz, Install the compizconfig-settings-manager

sudo apt install compizconfig-settings-manager

Open CompizConfig Setting Manager  and disable the Command plugin as below

Unselect the Commands plugin and it should work.

Hope this helps!


Wallpaper goes back to default after restarting the computer I'm new to Ubuntu,installed it a few days ago after a friend recommended it to me.So far so good,I like it and everything is fine with it,except for one problem.It isn't a major problem,but I'd be happy to get it fixed.The wallpaper always goes back to the default one after I shut down or restart the computer.The thing is that the wallpaper that I selected over the default one is still selected in the "Appearance" panel,so it's not like the setting isn't saved or something.Also,when I enter there to change the wallpaper,it goes back to the one that I was using.I only have to enter there and without touching anything,it changes back to mine.

Long story short: I change the wallpaper,I restart/shut down,the wallpaper is back to the default one and if I enter "Appearance",it automatically goes back to the one i had,without me re-selecting it.

Any way to make it stay after restart/shut down without me always going to "Appearance" ?

Copy your picture/wallpaper into ubuntu root,desktop or any direction within ubuntu installation disk

Because when you start ubuntu you have to mound these drives if not then ubuntu can't access the data of that drives.


error: no such partition grub rescue I had a Windows XP on my 64GB IDE SSD. I tried to install Ubuntu 12.10 using Wubi, bit it did not worked: I could choose Ubuntu from the boot menu, but it did worked. Then I installed Ubuntu 12.10 from the bootable live USB version, I choose "Install alongside Windows". After a successful installation message, I restarted the notebook and I got this error message: error: no such partition grub rescue

Things I tried without success:

http://opensource-sidh.blogspot.in/2011/06/recover-grub-live-ubuntu-cd.html

UbuntuSecureRemix

https://sourceforge.net/projects/boot-repair-cd/files/

Internet connection does not work (I have only mobile Internet access via a USB stick and it is not recognised by Boot Repair), so I cannot provide any output. I tried to save it on the pendrive, but it is not visible (or non-existent) in the other notebook I use now (Windows XP).

Any help appreciated.

I experienced the same problem. Now it is solved. Use the following process.
Just Install Ubuntu to the same drive where it was previously. It will give the GRUB menu again. Then you can be able to boot Windows and Ubuntu both. So then using Windows Format or delete the ubuntu drive BUT DON"T restart, install  MBR(similar to grub but it is for windows) then restart. It will give you a system with windows only with full space.
Shibnath


typing, audio, and video - problems after upgrading to 15.04 When I attempt to type using any application - gedit or chromium for example - typing is incredibly difficult. There are noticeable lags in the typing - sometimes letters appear normally but every few seconds there is a long pause. After such a pause a word will appear with mistakes - the most frequent mistake is the duplication of a letter - for example tthe instead of the. Another common mistake is letters that appear out of order - for example hte instead of the. Another common mistake is a letter that has been dropped - for example th instead of the.

How can I find out what is causing these pauses? How can I find out why this is affecting the typing? What can I do to remedy the situation? It is making it almost impossible to work.

EDIT 1: It appears this is much more serious - it affects video and audio playback as well. The playback 'stutters' - repeats the previous half-second every so often or freezes for a second every so often.

EDIT 2: I updated to the binary nVidia drivers (I was using the nouveau driver) and it made no difference.

EDIT 3: I updated my BIOS but no difference...

EDIT 4: Finally after a long time it turned out that my system monitor, gkrellm, was the culprit. Reinstalling with the system defaults eliminated the problems.

I reinstalled 15.04 overtop the existing installation and the problem has gone away. Sadly my display is now set at 1024x768 but I hope a little tweaking will enable my correct video settings.

Your problem could be due to various reasons, including but not limited to:

something running in the background which uses your CPU or RAM. For this, open a terminal and call top or launch system monitor. Then open gedit an monitor your CPU and memory consumption. If you see a jump try to find what is causing it.
You may need to update your motherboard driver.


Converting Celsius Processor Temperature to Fahrenheit I'm editing a Conky theme.  I would like it to output the processor temperatures in degrees Fahrenheit instead of Celsius.

In the ~/.conkyrc file, the command sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19 is used to find the temperature in Celsius  for the first processor core.  I want to use bc to compute this (give it outputvalue*9/5+32).

Problem is, bc wants just absolute values, and I see no way to pass it program output.  If I try to use something like temp=$(sensors | grep 'Core 0' | cut -c18-19) & echo 'temp*9/5+32' | bc, it ends up giving me 32 because it registers "temp" as a 0.

According to the Conky help, you can specify this in the config file  ~/.conkyrc

Quote:

  temperature_unit

  Desired output unit of all objects displaying a temperature. Parameters are either "fahrenheit" or "celsius". The default unit is
  degree Celsius.

Get your $temp, and assuming /bin/bash why not just do this:

echo $[(${temp}*9/5)+32]


Find the lowest height and lowest width among all images in a directory How can I get the lowest height out of all heights and also the lowest width out of all width given I have about 50k images?

[jalal@goku images]$  identify -format '%w %h' 72028059_11.jpg
600 431

This command only gives w and h of an image.

I got this from IRC Linux channel but because I have 50k images it is taking forever to output any results:

[jalal@goku images]$ find -type f -name \*.jpg -exec identify -format '%w %h %d/%f\n' {} \; | sort -n -k2

Getting the image with min height and width

I don't have any comparing statistics, but I have reasons to believe the script below offers a relatively good option, since:

python's PIL does not load the image into memory when calling .open
The script itself does not store the list of all files, it simply looks per file if the next one has a smaller height or width.

The script

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from PIL import Image
import os
import sys

path = sys.argv[1]
# set an initial value which no image will meet
minw = 10000000
minh = 10000000

for image in os.listdir(path):
    # get the image height & width
    image_location = os.path.join(path, image)
    im = Image.open(image_location)
    data = im.size
    # if the width is lower than the last image, we have a new "winner"
    w = data[0]
    if w < minw:
        newminw = w, image_location
        minw = w
    # if the height is lower than the last image, we have a new "winner"
    h = data[1]
    if h < minh:
        newminh = h, image_location
        minh = h
# finally, print the values and corresponding files
print("minwidth", newminw)
print("minheight", newminh)

How to use

Copy the script into an empty file, save it as get_minsize.py
Run it with the directory of images as argument:

python3 /path/to/get_maxsize.py /path/to/imagefolder

Output like:

minwidth (520, '/home/jacob/Desktop/caravan/IMG_20171007_104917.jpg')
minheight (674, '/home/jacob/Desktop/caravan/butsen1.jpg')

NB

The script assumes the image folder is a "flat" directory with (only) images. If that is not the case, a few lines need to be added, just mention.

This worked for me:

$ find -type f -name \*.jpg -exec identify -format '%w %h %d/%f\n' {} + | sort -n -k1 > sorted_width
$ sort -k 1rn sorted_width
$ find -type f -name \*.jpg -exec identify -format '%w %h %d/%f\n' {} + | sort -n -k2 > sorted_height
$ sort -k 2rn sorted_height


Why does my optical drive not play commercial dvds? I'm very new to Ubuntu having just replaced a faulty  Windows 7 on my Sony Viao. I now find that my DVD drive will not play commercial movie DVDs. I have loaded the recommended files. I can use home-made DVD-R no problem, but with the commercial DVDs, the drive makes a loud clicking noise and eventually stops without VLC opening. On a single layer movie disc, VLC reported a blank disc. Any ideas?

Because commercial dvd's are encrypted, to be able to read them you need to install some codecs.

Open terminal and enter the following:

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

you may have to enter those commands separately, and you may have to reboot.

Open a terminal and add the VideoLAN Repository with one long command (execute with root rights):

  echo "deb http://download.videolan.org/pub/debian/stable/ /" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/libdvdcss.list; apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 6BCA5E4DB84288D9; apt-get update

After that install the libdvdcss2 package with sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2.


Ubuntu 18.04 "Failed to start Snap daemon" I have a server with Ubuntu 18.04.5 Desktop installed. It was running just fine until I restarted it. After restart it would hang on the Ubuntu logo, screen with 5 dots, and not progress any further.
I have tried:
https://itsfoss.com/fix-ubuntu-freezing/
Ubuntu 20.04 black and purple screen without login fields
Problems with login in Ubuntu 18.04 - Failed to start Load Kernel Modules
With no luck. Is there anything else I can do to fix this issue?
Pressing "del" gets me to the boot log(?) where it seems to constantly try to start Snap daemon

op did you ever get this to work?  I have a live usb, what am I supposed to do after I am in a live session?
Answer:  Log into live session, sudo su for root, mv snap to snap2, or whatever.  reboot.  fixed.


Unmet dependencies while installing albert Ubuntu 18.04 Am trying to install albert package with apt-get install albert but I get the following error:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:  albert : Depends:
libqt5core5a (>= 5.11.0~rc1) but 5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu1 is to be
installed

So I tried apt-get install libqt5core5a which says the newest version is already installed (5.9.5)

I found the .deb file for 5.11.1 here but on installing that I get:

dpkg: error processing package libqt5core5a:amd64 (--install):
package libqt5core5a:amd64 5.11.1+dfsg-7ubuntu3 cannot be configured
because libqt5core5a:i386 is at a different version
(5.9.5+dfsg-0ubuntu1)

How to upgrade libqt5core5a version?

I fixed the issue by running sudo gdebi ./albert.deb

I got the answer from here

dpkg and apt for some reason could not resolve or install the dependencies. But gdebi did the job.

There is no package named albert in the official Ubuntu repositories, so you must have downloaded it from elsewhere, and it is not compatible with your version of Ubuntu (which seems to be 18.04).

If you want to install this package, you can upgrade your Ubuntu to 18.10; it should work there.


virt-manager can't connect to libvirt I'm running Ubuntu 12.04.2 32 bits.

The error doesn't show up if I start gksudo virt-manager.

libvirt-bin is installed.
I don't know how to check for the daemon.
I am a member of libvirtd.

Output of ps ax | grep libvirt:

9225 ? Sl 0:04 /usr/sbin/libvirtd -d
9302 ? S 0:00 /usr/sbin/dnsmasq -u libvirt-dnsmasq --strict-order --bind-interfaces --pid-file=/var/run/libvirt/network/default.pid --conf-file= --except-interface lo --listen-address 192.168.122.1 --dhcp-range 192.168.122.2,192.168.122.254 --dhcp-leasefile=/var/lib/libvirt/dnsmasq/default.leases --dhcp-lease-max=253 --dhcp-no-override`

Output of ls -l /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock:

  srwxrwx--- 1 root libvirtd 0 Set 13 15:04 /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock

Output of getent group libvirtd:

 libvirtd:x:130:OTHERUSER,MYUSER

Detailed error message

Unable to connect to libvirt.
Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied

Verify that:
 - The 'libvirt-bin' package is installed
 - The 'libvirtd' daemon has been started
 - You are member of the 'libvirtd' group

Libvirt URI is: qemu:///system

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/connection.py", line 1185, in _open_thread
    self.vmm = self._try_open()
  File "/usr/share/virt-manager/virtManager/connection.py", line 1167, in _try_open
    flags)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/libvirt.py", line 102, in openAuth
    if ret is None:raise libvirtError('virConnectOpenAuth() failed')
libvirtError: Failed to connect socket to '/var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock': Permission denied

Rebooting the system where virt-manager is installed solved the issue.

I had this same problem and in the detailed error report it talks about lack of permission to the libvirt-sock file. Changing the permission of the file /var/run/libvirt/libvirt-sock to 777 made it work for me.


Can I use another computer as a second monitor? Is there a way to extend my desktop's screen onto my laptop's display, as if the laptop was just another monitor in a dual-monitor configuration?

Maybe with some combination of VNC and Synergy?

I believe with the Nvidia-xserver-settings you can accomplish that provided you have an Nvidia card. You select twinview mode and designate the external monitor as primary and the laptop screen as secondary. That should do the trick.

If you have other graphic cards I am not sure how to do that.


"AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'" when trying to use youtube-dl The error comes in a statement like this

WARNING: Automatic signature extraction failed: Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py", line 957, in _decrypt_signature
    video_id, player_url, len(s)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/youtube_dl/extractor/youtube.py", line 331, in _extract_signature_function
    player_type = id_m.group('ext')
AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'group'

WARNING: Warning: Falling back to static signature algorithm

Any sort of help is greatly appreciated.

That's a python error.

Something went wrong with the version of youtube-dl you're using. I've never used it, so I can't tell you for sure if you improperly used it, or if it just has a bug.

@Richard asked what version you're using - this issue may or may not be resolved in a newer version of the program.

Looking at the dev's github there was a release just last friday - he has instructions there on how to install it, I'd give that a shot. There are a few issues that match "NoneType", maybe one of those matches the exact issue you're seeing?

YouTube changed their player on July 25, 2014. You will need youtube-dl version 20140725 or newer.

You may want to use your package manager, I believe it is apt-get on ubuntu to see it that brings you up-to-date.

Some distributions are a bit behind so you may want to uninstall the package-manager version and install directly from the developers site. As long as you have Python 2.6/2.7 this should work:

sudo curl -L -s  https://yt-dl.org/downloads/latest/youtube-dl -o /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl
sudo chmod a+x /usr/local/bin/youtube-dl


Is there an android-like live wallpaper for unity? Is there any program which can run a 'live wallpaper' like the ones in Android?
I've searched quite a bit but haven't found anything usable yet. anibg looks promising, but it is not working in 12.10.

You can use a video file or a screensaver as your wallpaper with VDesk, which can be downloaded here: http://www.gnome-look.org/CONTENT/content-files/141678-VDesk_1.3.zip.

Just download the file, extract it, open a terminal window, cd to the folder where you extracted the archive, and run sudo ./installer && ./VDesk.
Next you'll get a very simple wizard which allows you to use a video file or a screensaver as your wallpaper.

FOR UBUNTU 11.04
You can try this Compiz plugin which simulates Android's Galaxy Live Wallpaper (instructions from this OMG! Ubuntu article):

Install
Installing the plugin is relatively straightforward. The instructions
below assume you already have Compiz and the Compiz settings manager
installed.
Open a terminal (Applications > Accessories > Terminal) and enter the
following two lines separately, hitting the enter key after each.

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ilap/lwp
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install compiz-plugins-livewallpapers

Proceed to enable and configure the plugin: -

Right click on the Desktop and choose ‘Change Desktop Background’
Press the “Add” button
Enter “/usr/share/backgrounds” in “Location” field. Hit the return/enter key
Select “Space_by_ilap.jpg”
Press “Open” followed by “Close”

After the background is changed you need to enable the “Galaxy Live
Wallpaper” plugin via the CompizConfig Settings Manager. Launch it
from:
**Systems -> Preferences -> CompizConfig Settings Manager**

The Compiz Configuration Settings Manager window will open. In the
left-hand side pane select “Live Wallpapers” and check/enable ‘Galaxy
Live Wallpaper’.
Toggle the live galaxy effect by pressing the “Super” (Windows logo
button) and F4 keys in unison.
Galaxy Live Wallpaper in action
You can delve in the live wallpaper settings accessible through the
CompizConfig Settings Manager to further tweak how the wallpaper
behaves.


Where can I customize window sizes of Notifications in KDE? On my 13 inch 3200x1800px screen if I click on an icon in the bottom right corner the popping up window is far too small:

How can I change the window width of those popup notifications?

First, I would restart.

if that doesn't resolve the issue, try
chaning the file in ~/[.kde|.kde4]/share/config rename kde.notifyrc & knotifyrc

and restarting.
That should reset the notifications.


Can I tag multiple artist in mp3 files from banshee? Can I tag mp3 file such a way that banshee or rhythmbox music player can recognize the multiple artist separately. Right now the different artist are showing together like Arijit Singh & Harshjeep. I mean banshee is recognizing the whole entry as a separate artist, not individual one. So I can't effectively filter music using artist's name.

I can't answer re: Rhythmbox, but this is a known bug in Banshee, and has been for some time.  There is no satisfactory workaround.  Banshee's behaviour is as follows:

If there are multiple Artist tags on a file (achievable with, exempli gratia, an external tag-editor) it will concatenate them, using a delimiter to treat them as a single tag.  As I recall, this delimiter is a semicolon, although I could be wrong (I don't actually have a local music library with which to check...).  Banshee will then treat the resultant text ("artista; artistb") as the artist tag.

When Banshee encounters an artist tag, including one it's just constructed, that contains a delimiter, it does no special processing on it at all and treats it as the single-artist artist tag.

Yes, it's a pain. No, I don't know what can be done about it.  Sorry.

I don't know about you, but the thought of editing tags for several thousand tracks one by one is beyond what I'm willing to do. easytag has bulk editing which allows you to change one field of one or ten or a thousand tracks at once without disturbing any other tags.


Failed to restart postgresql.service: Unit postgresql.service is masked How can I solve this? (Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS)

sudo service postgresql restart
Failed to restart postgresql.service: Unit postgresql.service is masked.

Ubuntu 15.04 and earlier used upstart. Upstart uses the service command to handle services. As of 16.04 Ubuntu is using systemd. Any service commands you use get remapped to systemctl commands. Systemd provides more functionality than upstart, including the ability to mask a service so that it cannot be started. Masking a service (from what I understand) essentially symlinks it to /dev/null. You should be able to unmask and restart the service with the following commands.

systemctl unmask postgresql
systemctl restart postgresql

if you are using Docker. then make sure the container is running.
do that by typing Docker ps. if the container is missing but appears in Docker ps -a then just use Docker start


How to install a LibreOffice Language Tools (Spelling Check, Thesaurus...) What are the steps to install the Spelling Check and other language supports for LibreOffice. For example spanish, french, italian, etc..

This is apparently managed at the system level. Go to the Language Support menu in the System Settings menu and add the languages you want to support. After that restart LibreOffice and you will see that the spellchecker for example will give you  the option of using the newly installed languages.

You need to apply changes system wide in-order to reflect it in LibreOffice, Go to System Settings, Select your language preferences to get the language pack not just for LibreOffice but for your system.


How can I use docker without sudo? On Docker's documentation pages, all example commands are shown without sudo, like this one:

docker ps

On Ubuntu, the binary is called docker.io. It also does not work without sudo:

sudo docker.io ps

How can I configure Docker so that I don't need to prefix every Docker command with sudo?

Good news: the new docker (version 19.03 (currently experimental)) will be able to run rootless negating the problems that can occur using a root user. No more messing with elevated permissions, root and anything that might open up your machine when you did not want to.
Video about this from [DockerCon 2019] Hardening Docker daemon with Rootless mode

A few Caveats to the rootless Docker mode
Docker engineers say the rootless mode cannot be considered a replacement for the complete suite of Docker engine features. Some limitation to the rootless mode include:

cgroups resource controls, apparmor security profiles, checkpoint/restore, overlay networks etc. do not work on rootless mode.
Exposing ports from containers currently requires manual socat helper process.
Only Ubuntu-based distros support overlay filesystems in rootless mode.
Rootless mode is currently only provided for nightly builds that may not be as stable as you are used to.

As of docker 19.3 this is obsolete (and more dangerous than need be):
The docker manual has this to say about it:

Giving non-root access
The docker daemon always runs as the root user, and since Docker version 0.5.2, the docker daemon binds to a Unix socket instead of a TCP port. By default that Unix socket is owned by the user root, and so, by default, you can access it with sudo.
Starting in version 0.5.3, if you (or your Docker installer) create a Unix group called docker and add users to it, then the docker daemon will make the ownership of the Unix socket read/writable by the docker group when the daemon starts. The docker daemon must always run as the root user, but if you run the docker client as a user in the docker group then you don't need to add sudo to all the client commands. As of 0.9.0, you can specify that a group other than docker should own the Unix socket with the -G option.
Warning: The docker group (or the group specified with -G) is root-equivalent; see Docker Daemon Attack Surface details and this blogpost on Why we don't let non-root users run Docker in CentOS, Fedora, or RHEL  (thanks michael-n).
In the recent release of the experimental rootless mode on GitHub, engineers mention rootless mode allows running dockerd as an unprivileged user, using user_namespaces(7), mount_namespaces(7), network_namespaces(7).
Users need to run dockerd-rootless.sh instead of dockerd.
$ dockerd-rootless.sh --experimental

As Rootless mode is experimental, users need to always run dockerd-rootless.sh with –experimental.

Important to read: post-installation steps for Linux (it also links to Docker Daemon Attack Surface details).

Manage Docker as a non-root user
The docker daemon binds to a Unix socket instead of a TCP port. By default that Unix socket is owned by the user root and other users can only access it using sudo. The docker daemon always runs as the root user.
If you don’t want to use sudo when you use the docker command, create a Unix group called docker and add users to it. When the docker daemon starts, it makes the ownership of the Unix socket read/writable by the docker group.

Add the docker group if it doesn't already exist:
 sudo groupadd docker

Add the connected user "$USER" to the docker group. Change the user name to match your preferred user if you do not want to use your current user:
 sudo gpasswd -a $USER docker

Either do a newgrp docker or log out/in to activate the changes to groups.

You can use
 docker run hello-world

to check if you can run docker without sudo.

Docker containers need to be ran by a root user. You can add yourself to the docker group (e.g. by running sudo usermod -aG docker $USER), but this makes it easy for anyone with access to the $USER account to gain root access to the machine (e.g. by mounting a root volume in a privileged container).
A more security-conscious way of running Docker containers as a non-root user would be to use Podman: https://podman.io/. From its website:

Podman is a daemonless container engine for developing, managing, and running OCI Containers on your Linux System. Containers can either be run as root or in rootless mode. Simply put: alias docker=podman.

Another alternative is Singularity, which is more commonly deployed in HPC environments: https://sylabs.io/.


How do I get "restart" option in the shutdown menu in Unity? The dropdown menu I get when I click on the gear link in the top right corner only shows these options:

Lock Computer
Logout
Suspend
Hibernate
Shutdown

There is no "restart" or "reboot".

How can I make that option available?

Bonus question: Can I remove Hibernate, Lock, and Suspend?

The removal of the Restart menu item was a deliberate design decision - and to enforce this the developers actually removed the code...

Thus - the gconf/dconf entry...

... is actually a redundant entry that should have/but hasnt been removed.

To get the restart menu option back you will need to download the source code (oneiric v0.3.7 at the time of writing this) and  to add back the code that was removed...

Fortunately #post11 of the bug report gave some example code of how to make the menu option reappear.  If you want to go down this route - you'll need to manually merge in the changes since the diff patch no longer marry up with the current code content.

Happy compiling :)

You don't. It's been moved to the shutdown dialog, which is quite appropriate, I think. You can also press super and enter "reboot", or even drag reboot to your launcher, if you really want quick access to it. :)


DNS over TLS with systemd-resolved I was trying to enable DNS over TLS via systemd-resolved. I changed /etc/systemd/resolved.conf as follows:

[Resolve]
DNS=1.1.1.1
#FallbackDNS=
Domains=~.
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
#DNSSEC=no
DNSOverTLS=opportunistic
#Cache=yes
#DNSStubListener=yes

While monitoring the network (with tcpdump) to see if the resulting behavior was the intended one, it seems that a TLS session is established with the target server; but, then the server closes the connection. I get the same results with 1.1.1.1, 8.8.8.8 and others.

Any ideas on how to fix this?

P.S.: systemd-resolved ends up doing parallel resolution with traditional DNS (despite the setting of "Domains" above). But my main question for this post is what may be going wrong with the TLS one.

Recently I've implemented DNS over TLS for home network (using AsusWRT-Merlin powered router). While exploring approaches to implement DoT for Linux workstations and servers (in the cloud - I mean someone else' computers lol) outside of home network, I found systemd-resolved as recommended by the DNS Privacy Project.

While @opinion-no9 provided a Ubuntu 18.04 specific solution (limited by the systemd version shipped with the LTS), I'd like to share a more generic and close-to-upstream one:

A bit of background - timeline for DNS over TLS support in systemd

236 DNSSEC support for RFC 8080 (ed25519 keys and signatures)
239 systemd-resolved now supports opportunistic DNS-over-TLS, Off by default
243 systemd-resolved gained support for a new strict DNS-over-TLS mode

  Oh NO! Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ships systemd 237...

UPDATE - 23 April 2020 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS which ships systemd 245 (without systemd-homed ;-).

Use DNS Over TLS (DoT) on generic Linux systems

So for generic Linux distro with relative close-to-upstream kernel, systemd, glibc, toolchain, GNU utils, etc

edit /etc/systemd/resolved.conf

[Resolve]
DNS=1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8
#FallbackDNS=1.1.1.1 9.9.9.10 8.8.8.8 2606:4700:4700::1111 2620:fe::10 2001:4860:4860::8888
#Domains=
#LLMNR=yes
#MulticastDNS=yes
#DNSSEC=allow-downgrade
#DNSOverTLS=opportunistic
DNSSEC=yes
DNSOverTLS=yes
#Cache=yes
#DNSStubListener=yes
#ReadEtcHosts=yes

Ubuntu 20.04 specific resolved.conf

[Resolve]
DNS=1.1.1.1 1.0.0.1 8.8.8.8
FallbackDNS=1.1.1.1 8.8.8.10 8.8.8.8
#Domains=
#LLMNR=no
#MulticastDNS=no
DNSSEC=yes
DNSOverTLS=yes
#Cache=yes
#DNSStubListener=yes
#ReadEtcHosts=yes

Assume systemd-resolved is enabled, restart the service

systemctl restart systemd-resolved.service

Use local stub resolver

systemd-resolved provides a local DNS stub listener on IP address 127.0.0.53 on the local loopback interface, so to use the DNS over TLS capable stub resolver, we'll need to somehow manage /etc/resolv.conf and make sure 127.0.0.53 is used as nameserver.

  NOTE: systemd maintains /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf for compatibility with traditional Linux programs. We can simply symlink to this file ;-)

ln -sf /run/systemd/resolve/stub-resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

NOTE: For Arch Linux, I have to replace openresolvconf with systemd-resolvconf.

Done.

Validation

Generate DNS query, then check TCP connection to specified upstream DNS server via port 853, in the following example we explicitly used Cloudflare's 1.1.1.1.

root@netbook:/etc# uname -a
Linux netbook 5.4.5-arch1-1 #1 SMP PREEMPT Wed, 18 Dec 2019 19:48:51 +0000 x86_64 GNU/Linux

root@netbook:~#  kdig -d github.com
;; DEBUG: Querying for owner(github.com.), class(1), type(1), server(127.0.0.53), port(53), protocol(UDP)
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY; status: NOERROR; id: 55366
;; Flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1; ANSWER: 1; AUTHORITY: 0; ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;; github.com.                  IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
github.com.             58      IN      A       13.236.229.21

;; Received 44 B
;; Time 2019-12-21 22:55:13 AEDT
;; From 127.0.0.53@53(UDP) in 58.0 ms

root@netbook:~# ss -tuna | grep :853
tcp   ESTAB  0       0        192.168.1.150:50504         1.1.1.1:853
tcp   ESTAB  0       0        192.168.1.150:50506         1.1.1.1:853

Or, if you want to be simple and rough, use tcpdump ;-)

tcpdump -tttt -nn -XX -vv -i <interface> dst 1.1.1.1 and port 853

Conclusion

Last but not least: This is a generic guide to enable DNS over TLS on a Linux host, it is not specific to distro or Desktop Environment (as we haven't even touched NetworkManager or alternatives ;-). Adjustments may be needed for different distros and different DEs/WMs.

Reference

Personal DoT Implementation Notes
DNS Privacy Clients
Arch Wiki - systemd-resolved
systemd-resolved.service

IP 46.182.19.48 resp. 2a02:2970:1002::18 is deprecated. There is a new DNS-over-TLS only server by Digitalcourage with IP 5.9.164.112 (also rate limited)
see https://dns3.digitalcourage.de or https://digitalcourage.de/support/zensurfreier-dns-server for details (german)


touchpad does not work on Asus X450L I resently installed ubuntu 14.04 on my ASUS X450L.
It runs quite statisfactory, only the touchpad of the laptop does not function.
Is there any solution for this?

The bios setting is 'enabled'

The only solution right now is to use an external mouse. (May be outdated?)

I currently have the same problem with my Asus X450CC, and sadly have not been able to find a solution yet.

Other users with X550CA / X550LC seem to have the same problem too.

Someone filed
launchpad bug 1314198: [Asus X550LC] Touchpad not Recognized in ubuntu 14.04 Edi,
and you can subscribe to it to be notified when something new on this issue is posted.

The interesting comment on the bug is #31:

  [...]
  In the mean time, I can provide a workaround which should make the
  touchpad work in ps/2 mouse emulation mode (so no 2 finger scrolling,
  etc.), and stop it from interfering with an external mouse.

  Sounds good? Try booting with "psmouse.proto=bare" on the kernel
  cmdline.

  See: https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Kernel/KernelBootParameters for how to
  add a parameter to the kernel commandline.

I have same model and was having some issues on scroll function.
To me works fine the following solution:
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1182816#c9


How to reinstall wifi card driver? I would like to reinstall the driver of my wifi card. In order to find out the name of my driver, I have used:

sudo lshw -C network

and the output for the wifi card is

*-network DISABLED
       description: Wireless interface
       product: RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter
       vendor: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd.
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
       logical name: wlan0
       version: 00
       serial: 4c:bb:58:dc:ad:10
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=rtl8723be driverversion=4.2.0-30-generic firmware=N/A latency=0 link=no multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11bgn
       resources: irq:19 ioport:1000(size=256) memory:90400000-90403fff

Therefore, I think the device name is RTL8723BE PCIe Wireless Network Adapter.

Can anybody guide me how to reinstall its driver again?

Search for "Software Sources" on the dash. On the "Additional drivers" tab, you should find your wifi card's driver, most likely disabled. Enable it and apply changes.See here


Can Ubuntu install alongside on Win XP computer? Can Ubuntu install alongside on Win XP computer?  My XP computer crushed after trying to install Ubuntu.  The installer say that it cannot find HDD and installation stops.  It cannot install Ubuntu or Win XP.

Yes. First install XP in your system from starting. Format Primary drive and install it. Insert ubuntu CD or USB and install it in another partition of HDD.


How to install MySQL workbench? Installing MySQL workbench on 10.04 or 10.10 is not a problem, as the deb packages are available on MySQL's website.  But there is no 11.04 deb package available.

So, how do I install MySQL workbench on 11.04 and keep it updated automatically when updates become available to ubuntu via apt-get update.

Run this command in Terminal  (Ctrl+Alt+T):

sudo apt-get install mysql-workbench

Did you do a Google search?

The first or second search results for ubuntu 12.04 mysql workbench should do the trick.

Please note: I am aware that LMGTFY-type answers aren't encouraged on this site; however I did not see the need to answer the question in detail if an easy-to-find blog post explained everything already.


Is there Ubuntu's analogue of snapshot.debian.org? Debian users have a kind of "wayback machine": snapshot.debian.org , which is really great.

There are regressions sometimes, and if I don't have local deb package with old version, I'm getting sad sometimes. Having a wayback machine like this is very helpful.

I can't find analogue of it for Ubuntu. Have I missed it?

Unfortunately there is no current exact equivalent. However, Launchpad does keep all the historical data required, and you can access this directly.

For example, for the package hello:

Go to the Launchpad package page: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/hello
From here, you can View full publishing history.
From this page you can work out exactly what version was published for a given release at a particular time you're interested in.
Click on the version string. This gives you the information Launchpad holds relating to that particular version.
You can download the sources for this particular version from this page.
From here, click on your architecture in the Builds section on the right. The release stated here relates to the release the build was performed on, not necessarily the release the version was published in, so won't worry about the release stated.
You can get download the debs from the "Built files" section at the bottom, and even see the build log.

http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/

Then browse through the system to find the package you want.

You can also downgrade through apt-get but I haven't done this myself so please google elsewhere how to do that.


New Vostro 3360 touchpad scroll I have purchased one Vostro 3360 that appears to be supported by Ubuntu.

I have problems with Ethernet (I solved with alx drivers) and touchpad Alps (scroll not working) after install Ubuntu 12.04. (Same with Debian Testing and Ubuntu 12.10 beta 1)

I can't select touchpad options in GNOME and  Touchpad appears as PS/2 Mouse with xinput --list.

I found information in several bug reports but nothing works.

[psmouse solution][3] with this I can select Touchpad settings but scroll is still not working.

Oneiric packages from DELL http://wielki.tk/vostro/ with this everything works but the mousepad response is very bad and sometimes all the machine hangs completely)

I only installed: http://wielki.tk/vostro/debs/glidepoint_3.6-10_amd64.deb

[3]: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php? t=1887683&page=2

I use Dell Vostro 1510. I once had problem with the Touchpad scroll (which stopped working) when I updated the Dell Touchpad. After the update, the Dell Touchpad changed to Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad.

This problem was solved thus: at the Start menu, click on Control Panel, in Device Manager, click on the Update Device Drivers, expand the tab named Mice and other Pointing Devices and double-click on Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad. At the Dell Touchpad Properties Dialog box that comes up, click on the Drivers tab and then click on Roll Back Drivers. Give it time to roll back to the original Dell Touchpad. Then restart and enjoy your Touchpad Scroll.

The steps are:

  Start menu → Control Panel → Update Device Drivers → Synaptics PS/2 Port Touchpad → Roll Back Drivers (under drivers tab)

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/606238

Tomorrow i will check last posts solution(alps.c V6).. it seems that could be solved....


Help! Crash during upgrade amd64 11.04 -> 11.10 Now El Deado-Meato I started what I thought was a standard upgrade, using the normal gui stuff.  Part way through, it apparently put up a dialog asking if I wanted to keep the old apparmor config file or not.  I was not at the console.  The the screensave apparently kicked in.  Then it appeard totally dead.

I tried several things, but it appears that the combination broke the upgrade.

On a second machine I was also doing the upgrade.  On it, I just killed gnome-screensaver AND NOTHING ELSE.  The got in with vnc (actual screen/kb unresponsive) and it appears to be going.  Maybe to completion.

On the first machine, I think I had queued up an Alt-F1 before getting screensaver killed, and I could not get the gui back.  So I eventually rebooted.

How can I resume the upgrade, repair the installation do something so I don't have to reformat all the partitions and start over?

That would be suboptimal.

I've learned some more.

I started two upgrades, both amd64 11.04 to 11.10, using standard gui prompt.

One machine is a Dell OptiPlex 745, 2 core Pentium D, the other a Shuttle x27d, an Atom D510.

The installs both "crashed" at similar points:  Some user feedback was required (the OptiPlex needed an answer to whether it should replace or leave alone some NetworkManager config file; the Atom needed an answer to similar question about apparmor config file) and the screen timed out.  The screen saver came on (it's just to black, turning off the display) and then the machine appeared to be frozen.  Wiggling mouse, hitting various keys and so on had no effect.  Getting in with vnc and poking gui buttons and so on had no effect.  Logging in with ssh, ps showed
  gnome-screensaver --nodaemon
eating up vast time.

I googled a bit and tried various Alt-F1 kinds of things on the OptiPlex to no effect.  Googled some more and learned that I should probably have killed the gnome-screensaver before doing anything else.

I had not yet done anything to the Atom.  I logged into it with ssh, killed the gnome-screensaver.  The screen was still dead on the actual machine, but when I went in with vnc I was able to poke the button that it appeared to have been waiting for; the installation proceeded and now it seems to be alive with everything as expected in the upgrade.

Unfortunately, when I got around to trying to fix the OptiPlex and killed gnome-screensaver, whatever keystokes I had given it had queued up and caused all hell to break loose.  I eventually got to the point where I saw no choice but to reboot.

It would not come up.  It hung early, with no clue about where.

More googling led to a successful reboot on the previous (11.04) version of things.  I then did the google-suggested
  sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
and that led to some dpkg thing that ended up doing the complete upgrade successfully using command line.

So it's all better now.

But.

Now I face the irritation and annoyance that the Powers That Be think my computers ought to look like iPhones rather than computers.

Grrr.

Thanks to anyone who thought about trying to help.

I had a dead machine from the upgrade failing but then I downloaded the Live CD which provides various options including upgrading...


Trouble with jhbuild installation I am trying to learn GTK+3 as per this site: https://python-gtk-3-tutorial.readthedocs.org/en/latest/install.html. From the page:

  1.1. Dependencies

  GTK+3
  Python 2 (2.6 or later) or Python 3 (3.1 or later)
  gobject-introspection

  The easiest way to install PyGObject from source is using JHBuild. It
  is designed to easily build source packages and discover what
  dependencies need to be build and in what order. To setup JHBuild,
  please follow the JHBuild manual.

I followed the manual as per that link and downloaded via git JHBuild (as they say to do) and built it with make/make install. That went fine. The next step is where the problem begins.

I ran the next command I was supposed to as per the page:

  2.3. Build Prerequisites

  Before any modules can be built, it is necessary to have certain build
  tools installed. Common build tools include the GNU Autotools
  (autoconf, automake, libtool and gettext), The GNU Toolchain
  (binutils, gcc, g++), make, pkg-config and Python, depending on which
  modules will be built.

  JHBuild can check the tools are installed using the sanitycheck
  command:

  $ jhbuild sanitycheck

When I first ran this I got this:

nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ jhbuild sanitcheck
jhbuild: install prefix (/opt/gnome) can not be created

so I began looking around for help. I looked at this question: jhbuild sanitycheck not moving, but it just told the obvious. Nonetheless, I ran the following commands and got the results below:

nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ sudo chmod 777 /opt/gnome/ -R
[sudo] password for nate:
chmod: cannot access ‘/opt/gnome/’: No such file or directory
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ mkdir /opt/gnome
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/opt/gnome’: Permission denied
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ sudo mkdir /opt/gnome
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ jhbuild sanitcheck
jhbuild: working directory (/opt/gnome/_jhbuild) can not be created
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ jhbuild sanitycheck
jhbuild: working directory (/opt/gnome/_jhbuild) can not be created
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ chmod 777 /opt/gnome/ -R
chmod: changing permissions of ‘/opt/gnome/’: Operation not permitted
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ sudo chmod 777 /opt/gnome/ -R
nate@excelion-Satellite-A105:~$ jhbuild sanitycheck
checkout root (/home/nate/checkout/gnome) is not writable
Could not find the Perl module XML::Parser
cvs not found
svn not found
flex not found
bison not found

This is really annoying as I want to learn how to make GUIs with Python and this appears to be the best current option (BTW...if anyone has any input on that feel fine to comment)

Does anyone know what the problem is with the installation?

Thanks!

I just read over the instructions again and realized that I have to install those packages listed as not found.

I will mark this as answer as soon as possible.


Installing PHYSX under WINE I installed ME2, but it asks for physx. I used following command to install physx:

./winetricks physx

And that resulted in:

You are using a 64-bit WINEPREFIX. If you encounter problems,
please retest in a clean 32-bit WINEPREFIX before reporting a bug.
------------------------------------------------------
Executing w_do_call physx
Executing load_physx
Executing wine msiexec /i PhysX-9.13.0604-SystemSoftware.msi
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
fixme:storage:create_storagefile Storage share mode not implemented.
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 3 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 3 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 3 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 1 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 2 out of range
err:msidb:get_tablecolumns column 3 out of range

PS. It seems physx cannot be installed, I even tried on PlayOnLinux.
Everything else is OK, just in case someone asks.

From here and here that is a bug (As I understood) in wine, and  this problem is caused by compiling wine with gcc4.9, which triggers this bug/problem:
 https://bugs.winehq.org/show_bug.cgi?id=36139. So reinstalling Wine to latest (stable ) version will solve the problem.

Before to start we need First to remove the installed wine using the command.:

sudo apt-get autoremove wine –purge

Then remove the .wine directory:

cd /home/zinovsky
sudo rm -rf .wine

Now we will add the wine repository to install the latest stable release of wine:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-wine/ppa
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install wine

Configuration:

After that latest version of wine is installed, we need to run winecfg. This will create the .wine directory in our home directory.

Open terminal by pressing press Ctrl+Alt+T and run:

winecfg

After the .wine directory is created, we can start installing some necessery DLL and Libraries to make wine fully functional. To do that we will install first winetricks, a script that will help us install all the needed DLLs and libraries the easy way

Open terminal and past the following commands :

cd /home/zinovsky/.wine
wget http://www.kegel.com/wine/winetricks

Now make winetricks executable :

sudo chmod +x ./winetricks

Now we will install the needed dlls and libraries (Note that you can add or remove libraries depending on your system.)

./winetricks d3dx9 droid winxp sound=alsa volnum vcrun2008 dotnet20 ie6 corefonts

If you have an Nvidia graphic card you need to install physx Technology.

./winetricks physx

Some configuration can be done also from winecfg like configuring a system to set winever to XP : winxp, or set sound driver to use alsa sound=alsa.

Now you have wine installed and configured to install latest Windows applications!

If you want to play the latest Windows games you will need to make some more configurations in the windows registry:

Open terminal and type :

wine regedit

For further steps here

Try downloading the PHYSX installer from a website, then right clicking the file and selecting (open with -> Winetricks) That should get the installation working.

P.S. If the game has problems after all the installation is done and the game is opened, that's fine. Wine doesnt always work with all applications, especially games, since some game interfaces were programmed to only work on windows, and will do otherwise upon being used in a different OS that hasn't been adapted to the Ubuntu specifications.

Too bad there are very few games that are Ubuntu/Linux compatible.


How can I connect my Nokia Lumia 520 with Ubuntu 14.04? I cannot seem find a way to connect a Nokia Lumia 520 to Ubuntu 14.04. I tried several solutions posted on the Internet, but I could not find the right one. Has someone achieved this?

The author of this project: Android File Transfer For Linux luckily for me agreed to add WP8 support and now this is the only solution that reliable works, afaik.
Now it's able to connect my Lumia 1020 WP8.1 Denim and Kubuntu 15.04 via
usb.

Of course, device shall be unlocked with correct PIN beforehand.

The project is a library and has simple GUI which is mostly for library demonstration and testing purposes, so don't blame it for UX.

Alternatively to what nigel said, you may want virtualize windows in virtual machine if you have no access to the OS.
In fact this is quite a useful option to run programs like microsoft office, autocad and itunes; microsoft even made windows freely downloadable.

To do this you have to download virtualbox from the software center and then follow this tutorial: http://pclosmag.com/html/issues/201309/page15.html

Pay attention however to the fact that the license lasts only 90 days and then you have to restore the virtual machine from a snapshot or a backup.


Unity and Firefox are running slow Just installed Ubuntu 12.04 on my laptop. All the applications are running quite slow, so is Unity and the web browser. For example HD quality Youtube videos are lagging and scrolling down pages lags.

My specs:

Ubuntu 12.04
8 GB ddr2 800 MHz RAM
Intel core 2 duo 2.0GHz
750 GB HDD

Use Gnome panel, better than unity.

As Firefox consumes much of CPU, many people are complaining of its speed, be it Windows or Linux.

Use Google Chrome browser instead of Firefox. It is very faster.


Move all JPGs and rename them into one directory .Hi.
I have a bunch of jpgs in 100s of subfolders , I know I can move them all with this command
find -type f -iname "*.jpg" -exec mv -av {} /home/root/private/pics/ \;

But my all my jpgs are like this in each subfolder
0001.jpg
0002.jpg
0003.jpg
0004.jpg
0005.jpg

and so up to 2500.jpgs in one folder
So it overwrites them when putting them into the directory 'pics' because most of them have the same file name
How can i rename or avoid the same JPG image names being overwrited with this command?
find -type f -iname "*.jpg" -exec mv -av {} /home/root/private/pics/ \;

Use the numbered when using mv
numbered, t
make numbered backups

man mv
mv --backup=TYPE with type being 1 of these:

none, off       never make backups (even if --backup is given)
numbered, t     make numbered backups
existing, nil   numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise
simple, never   always make simple backups

I would suggest using Thunar package manager, to rename and relocate files in bulk. You can install it with this command: sudo apt-get install -y thunar


How do I get Terminator to start up with my custom layout? Terminator is very powerful at organizing several computers or servers due to the split window and group all function. But here's the deal: I created my own Layout and would appreciate it to load at startup of terminator. Is that possible?

After setting up your layout, right-click on any terminal background and choose Preferences → Layouts tab and click on Add button.
Give it a name and hit Close.
This should create the mentioned ~/.config/terminator/config file.
Now you can start terminator using the saved layout using: terminator -l yourLayout (replace yourLayout with whatever you chose on step 2).
(optional) Edit the ~/.config/terminator/config file so that where it says [layouts] and nested below it [[yourLayout]], rename yourLayout to default and remove/rename the previous default layout. Now, when Terminator starts without any parameters, it will load your custom [[default]] layout!

It's very simple. No need to edit the configuration file.

Just create your custom layout and Right Click->Preference->Layout->default and Press the save button. Now our configuration is saved as the default configuration. From next launch of the terminator, we will get the custom layout at the startup itself.


Updating a mysql production server without having problems I have a mysql server, ubuntu server 10.04.
It works great and we're really happy about it.

Time for updates has come and I am sincerely scared: can I do a sudo apt-get dist-upgrade with light heart?
I thought that maybe using just security updates would be safer or I'm just preoccupied about nothing?

In one single question: can I cause problems to production by updating my ubuntu server?

If you're just using lucid-updates, the policies are pretty solid for stable release updates. Basically only small changes that won't change the behavior of the software in an incompatible way are allowed.

Here are some steps you can take to make sure it goes smoothly.

1) Read the change logs for all new packages. If you're using apt-get upgrade, look at the list of packages that are going to be updated. The easiest way is to use aptitude (apt-get install aptitude if you don't already have it):

aptitude changelog foo

This will show you the changelog of the package, including un-applied updates. If you see something like "LP: #123456" this is a Launchpad bug report that has been fixed by that update, you can read the full bug report at http://launchpad.net/bugs/123456

2) backup our system. You should be doing this anwyay!

3) Schedule downtime. While most updates won't cause LONG downtime, they will probably involve restarting services to pickup updated configurations and/or libraries, so be ready to have brief service interruption.

3a) Test stopping/starting your services BEFORE the update. We get a lot of bug reports in Ubuntu from users thinking an update broke their system, when in fact the configs had been wrong for a while but the problems had gone unnoticed because the service was running fine with the old, non-broken configuration.

Good luck!

Go for it you're safe! Safer than having security issues...


How can I get Firefox to recognize multitouch gestures on a touch screen? Multitouch seems to be working fine on Chromium out of the box, but not on Firefox. On Chromium, dragging a finger up or down the screen scrolls the screen as expected, but on Firefox, that gesture seems to be highlighting text. How can I get Firefox to play nice with multitouch gestures?

I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 on a Lenovo Yoga 2 11" convertible laptop.

Edit: I read the page here which says that touch capability is present but disabled in FF. But enabling them and restarting doesn't seem to have any effect--dragging one's finger across the screen still only selects text.

On Xubuntu 16.04 with Firefox 50, I got it working by enabling e10s and setting the env-var MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1. In detail:

Enable e10s/Multiprocess. If you're running Firefox 57 or higher, it should be enabled already. Otherwise, you may have to disable a bunch of addons, and possibly force enable it.

Use https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/add-on-compatibility-reporter/ to check which addons are incompatible with e10s, although simply having only-marked-as-compatible addons is not enough in FF50 to get e10s switched on, you may have to force-enable it anyway (in FF50, only certain whitelisted addons are allowed with e10s by default – later versions will enable e10s as long as all addons are compatible).
You can check in about:support if Multiprocess is on. If you need to force-enable, just open about:config, right-click and enter a new boolean value with the name browser.tabs.remote.force-enable; then restart FF and check about:support again.

Exit FF, and start it from the command-line with MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1 /usr/bin/firefox.

Now you can test https://www.paulirish.com/demo/multi and scroll with one finger.

Source: https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/questions/1091627

Only add this line at end of ~/.profile and restart your session.

export MOZ_USE_XINPUT2=1


How to disable show password? I work for a school and I want to disable this part. When ever the network goes down and it has to reauthenticate, the kids have a chance to see the password. How can I disable that part?

I think, but I am not sure, that preventing ordinary users from any control whatsoever over the Network Manager functions also prevents them from seeing the password. This is a setting I use in my lab, and I think I checked it to see if passwords could be visible, but that was long ago and I don't remember for sure:

# cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/disable-network-control.pkla
[Wifi management]
Identity=unix-user:*
Action=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.*
ResultAny=no
ResultInactive=no
ResultActive=no

[Wifi sysad management]
Identity=unix-group:sudo;unix-user:root
Action=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.*
ResultAny=yes
ResultInactive=yes
ResultActive=yes

The configuration is very readable - it denies access to all users for any action related to Network Manager, and then allows them for members of the sudo group and the root user.

So (assuming of course your students use unprivileged accounts), you could apply the same restriction to their accounts, while exempting your administrator accounts.

I use this configuration , and only the root user can see the WiFi password.
The users can't  see the password.

This is the path, I changed the polkit setings

cat /etc/polkit-1/localauthority/50-local.d/disable-network-control.pkla

[ users are not able to edit or to see pasword]

Identity=unix-user:*

Action=org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.*

ResultActive=no


Update Manager Error - Authentication Error When I run Update Manager I get this error:

This is what the error box says:

W: A error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used.GPG error: http://linux.dropbox.com lucid Release: The following signatures were invalid: NODATA 1 NODATA 2
W: Failed to fetch http://linux.dropbox.com/ubuntu/dists/lucid/Release
W: Some index files failed to download, they have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

You need to add the public key for the Dropbox repository, instructions from https://www.dropbox.com/downloading?os=lnx:

  We have also authenticated our Ubuntu repositories. Please run
   sudo apt-key adv --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 5044912E to install Dropbox's public key.

In Software Sources
GO to authentication and  restore defaults. Type the following in terminal:

sudo apt-get update


Update-manager fails silently on 14.04 I recently reinstalled a lubuntu from scratch, to upgrade to 14.04. Everything's working as expected, except for the update-manager that silently fails when trying to upgrade my system's packages.

It does correctly list the packages to be upgraded, I can then click on the "Install now" button (or something like this, I'm running a French flavour of Ubuntu). When I click the button, it seems unresponsive for 5 to 10 seconds, then the upgrade dialog with the progress bar appears, displays "Loading package list", then very shortly something about "authentication" (not long enough so that I can read it).. and closes.

The install is fresh and I have no idea where to look. I tried launching update-manager in a term but it doesn't display any error when it fails, only this message when the window first shows up :

** (update-manager:3642): WARNING **: Couldn't connect to accessibility bus: Failed to connect to socket /tmp/dbus-m0jkFlZ3yo: Connexion refusée.

Any idea where this might come from ? I can upgrade the packages using the command line and sudo apt-get but this is not my computer, and I do not wish its owner to have to do this to upgrade the packages.

Thanks for your help !

Hello again an other solution is better than previous is try to an other profile to your computer for example create another user test1 and test it , maybe work that.

Hello my idea is first backup your profile then clean your partition linux system and try it again ,second solution is format your file system of linux.
third solution is auto remove package your unneeded package or clean then try again


Setting correct baseurl for Jetbrains YouTrack I've problems setting up YouTrack 2018 on my Ubuntu 14.04 server (managed with plesk). I've download the .zip-version, uploaded and extracted it on my server. Running the installer without browser support, the shown base URL is something like http://jiffybox... on port 8080 instead of my domain (board.my-domain.de).

Is there a way to change the default base URL? I've tried:

./youtrack.sh configure --listen-address=board.my-domain.de

I want to access youtrack under board.my-domain.de. How can I accomplish this?

I've tried
./youtrack.sh configure --listen-address=board.my-domain.de

Listen address is completely something different than BaseURL.
You need to configure two things:

BaseURL
ReverseProxy (to change web port)

To do this, please follow official documentation:
https://www.jetbrains.com/help/youtrack/standalone/Reverse-Proxy-Configuration.html (it contains also information about how to change BaseURL)


SOLVED msi laptop install Ubuntu 17.10 on pendrive I have laptop MSI GP70 and I am able to boot installation from first USB stick and install it on second USB stick, then when I want to boot installed system from second USB drive I am unable to do so, even pressing F11 this drive is not listed in possible boot drives... on the other hand I am able to boot this USB on other laptop without UEFI and MSI stuff - any ideas how to boot this pendrive in MSI laptop?

additional: maybe if there were possibility to create EFI partition to boot system then it would solve problem?

Solution
I had problem a problem getting into bios (DEL key but it's pure luck when to click to reach bios) it turned out that my 32GB SanDisk USB drive was HDD Drive and this option wasn't set in BIOS now it's ok - also I turned boot option from UEFI to LEGACY and it worked

I had problem a problem getting into bios (DEL key but it's pure luck when to click it to reach bios) it turned out that my 32GB SanDisk USB drive was "USB HDD Drive" instead of "USB Key" and this option wasn't set in BIOS now it's ok - also I turned boot option from UEFI to LEGACY and it worked

Ah, a full USB installation, my old nemesis. Often times, when you install Ubuntu on a USB flash drive, it can screw up your Grub on your main hard drive (even when you tell it not too). A sure fire way to get a full installation on a USB flash drive with no hassle, damage, or issue, is to do it through a Virtual Box. Else it can be risky and time consuming. What could have happened is that it put Grub on the hard drive and it then points to the USB to boot it but it won't boot if you transfer it to another computer.


What is terminal command that can show OpenGL version? So I want to find out which is my OpenGL version. I have access to Ubuntu via SSH. Which command shall I execute?

To Check OpenGL Version,

glxinfo | grep "OpenGL version"

You will get the output as follows,

glxinfo | grep "OpenGL version"
OpenGL version string: 1.4 (2.1 Mesa 7.7.1)

Edit:

You may have better luck with modern OpenGL just grepping for "version" instead of "OpenGL version" given the differences between the core and compat profiles, as well as the various GLSL and GLES versions:

glxinfo | grep 'version'
server glx version string: 1.4
client glx version string: 1.4
GLX version: 1.4
    Max core profile version: 4.1
    Max compat profile version: 3.0
    Max GLES1 profile version: 1.1
    Max GLES[23] profile version: 3.0
OpenGL core profile version string: 4.1 (Core Profile) Mesa 11.1.2
OpenGL core profile shading language version string: 4.10
OpenGL version string: 3.0 Mesa 11.1.2
OpenGL shading language version string: 1.30
OpenGL ES profile version string: OpenGL ES 3.0 Mesa 11.1.2
OpenGL ES profile shading language version string: OpenGL ES GLSL ES 3.00

Notice that the actual version is presented by the "core profile version" (4.1), whereas the "OpenGL version" is presented as 3.0.

Type nvidia-settings and go to Graphics information > OpenGL. Look up a value of the Version: property, it's going to be something like 4.6.0 NVIDIA 450.66


Recovering files from old xp using DSL, trouble xfering says hdd has no space left when it is fresh format I'm not 100% this is the right place to ask, apologies if I am in the wrong place.

I have an old Win XP tower that I'm supposed to fix from 1999 for my grandpa. He got some nasty viruses on it and we can not bypass the password (he got one of those "your computer appears to have been hacked" phone calls and let them onto hix box) they locked the admin as well, and we can't find syskey (a couple people have tried this before I was asked to fix it). So I figure the best thing to do would be to just back up all of his documents to an external hdd, and give him a fresh install (unless someone has a better idea). Anyways his tower won't let me boot from USB for some reason (i've tried everything I know of to get it to and it just won't), so I created a Damn Small Linux cd to boot live, since apparently Ubuntu is now too big to fit onto a CD (I swear I have a v10 floating around somewhere, just can't find it sadly). From googling it seems lots of people have done exactly what I want to do, so it is more than capable of transferring files to an external from a xp partition.

As I am a newb when it comes to this stuff I learned I can't use NTFS with DSL, so I used the bootable usb on a laptop and partitioned it as FAT, which finally allowed me read/write access (it would read-only as NTFS just wouldn't let me write).

So now my question is, the external is a formatted, wiped clean. When I try to copy documents over to the external it copies a few files and throws a "no space left on device" error. It copied 2.9mb of data before throwing the error. Odd because it a 160gb hdd...

Any help would be appreciated.

Is it a problem with DSL, do I need to install DSL/Ubuntu onto the box itself and try it that way maybe? I don't know if the computer would even run ubuntu...it's a 500mhz processor with 640mb of ram...

Found some older 8.10 ubuntu disks, was able to do exactly what I needed from a live boot, slowly (am impressed it ran on the machine i was working on...yay ubuntu!)


How do I configure terminal using .profile? I want to change some configuration of terminal, but I did not find MAIL, PATH, PS1, and PS2 in .profile.

Please tell me where will I find these, and what I have to do if I want to change PS1, PS2 and PATH using the .profile file?

PS1 is defined under .bashrc. If you look in the file, you'll find this section:

if [ "$color_prompt" = yes ]; then
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h\[\033[00m\]:\[\033[01;34m\]\w\[\033[00m\]\$ '
else
    PS1='${debian_chroot:+($debian_chroot)}\u@\h:\w\$ '
fi

By default, you should edit the first PS1 line to change your prompt's color.

You can add a PS2 at the end of this file, because by default, it's not there.

To add directories to your PATH, you should add the below to the end of the file ~/.pam_environment:

PATH DEFAULT=${PATH}:${HOME}/MyPrograms

Where ${HOME}/MyPrograms is the path that you want to append to your PATH variable.

This is the new, recommended way (as per Ubuntu Help: Environment Variables).

The old way was to add the below to .profile:

export PATH=$PATH:/path/to/directory

Where /path/to/directory is the path that you want to append to your PATH variable.
Note: more information about this "new" and "old" way here: PATH is not affected by .pam_environment

I am unfamiliar with MAIL, but from my brief search, it seems like it's just another variable. You can add the below line to .profile as well:

export MAIL=/path/to/whatever/this/is

Where /path/to/whatever/this/is is the path you want to set in the variable.

I usually set those in .bashrc, but I use bash.


Is it possible to do a double substitution with a shell string? Single Substitution is easy:

string="Mark Shuttleworth"
echo ${string/a/o}

Mork Shuttleworth

is it possible though to do a double at the same time?

echo ${string/a/o string/t/g} #doesn't work, but you get the idea

Mork Shuggleworgh

Regular Expressions suffice as an answer, if it is possible using them.

Thanks

As far as I know, the only way to do it in current versions of bash is in two steps e.g.

$ string="Mark Shuttleworth"
$ string="${string//a/o}"; echo "${string//t/g}"
Mork Shuggleworgh

Attempts to nest substitutions result in an error:

$ echo "${${string//a/o}//t/g}"
bash: ${${string//a/o}//t/g}: bad substitution

Note that other shells may support such nested substitutions e.g. in zsh 5.2:

~ % string="Mark Shuttleworth"
~ % echo "${${string//a/o}//t/g}"
Mork Shuggleworgh

Of course, external tools such as tr, sed, perl can do it easily

$ sed 'y/at/og/' <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh

$ perl -pe 'tr /at/og/' <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh

$ tr at og <<< "$string"
Mork Shuggleworgh

Try

echo ${string/a/o} ${string/t/g}

I'm using my tablet, no bash to test.

You may want to checkout using the printf command much more flexible.


go back from Gnome 3.8 to Gnome 3.6 in LUBUNTU 13.04 I had Lubuntu 12.04 and wanted to try Gnome Shell. When I added the Gnome3 PPA, that got me on 3.4. I wanted to use 3.6 though and follow new releases from there, but from what I gathered about this topic essentially it looked like I had to upgrade the distro to do so. Now I'm on Lubuntu 13.04, and, with the Gnome3 ppa enabled, I guess the next apt-get update automatically took me to 3.8.
Now 3.8 at least isn't officially beta anymore, but still too unrounded and crashes way too often for my taste, so I'd like to give it a few more months and stay with 3.6 in the meantime, is that possible?
thanks, Ben

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2143894

sudo ppa-purge ppa:gnome3-team/gnome

That will remove the Gnome ppa entirely if you need it to. If not, my suggestion (if you were lucky/smart enough to partition home separately from root) is to just install Ubuntu Gnome 13.04 if you're willing to go full bore into Gnome.
I've been using it and aside from an issue with the workspace switching, it has been buttery smooth. I'm actually impressed as last time I used it it was twitchy, would lock up on lock screen, and had a few crashes of the shell.

And after the fact, if you want you can always add the Gnome PPA again and go for 3.8.

Edit- Try this- http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/04/gnome-3-8-ppa-for-ubuntu-gnome

Basically, purge the Gnome PPA, update your repo list, remove the Gnome shell entirely (should leave you with just Lubuntu interface) and then go back and reinstall Gnome shell. Gnome will then be picked up from the official Ubuntu repositories and install 3.6 (and all other Gnome required libs, apps, etc.)

The following article explains a generic procedure to revert/downgrade to the standard repository versions of packages or even a subsystem if your system becomes unstable after installing packages from testing PPAs:

http://oldpapyrus.wordpress.com/2013/10/20/rescue-ubuntu-from-unstable-ppa-issues/