Where are sudo's insults stored? For those who like humour, sudo can be configured to print a random more or less insulting or funny phrase instead of the neutral Sorry, try again. by adding the line below to /etc/sudoers (using the command sudo visudo, not editing manually!):

Defaults insults

Here are some examples:

[sudo] password for bytecommander:
The more you drive -- the dumber you get.
[sudo] password for bytecommander:
I've seen penguins that can type better than that.
[sudo] password for bytecommander:
This mission is too important for me to allow you to jeopardize it.
[sudo] password for bytecommander:
He has fallen in the water!
[sudo] password for bytecommander:
Hold it up to the light --- not a brain in sight!

Now just for fun I'd like to read through all of them, but entering wrong passwords all day is not really the best method (delay after each attempt, only 2 messages per 3 attempts, abort after 3 attempts, ...).

So... where are these insults actually stored? Any plain text file I can directly read? Or hard coded strings in the source code?

How can I get a list of all available sudo insult messages?

They are in the binary file

/usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so

(found by: find /usr/lib/sudo -type f | xargs grep "fallen in the water")

If you enable source downloads and do

apt source sudo

You can find the insults files in the source directory under

plugins/sudoers

The files are

ins_2001.h
ins_classic.h
ins_csops.h
ins_goons.h
insults.h

Example of what these files look like:

#ifndef SUDOERS_INS_GOONS_H
#define SUDOERS_INS_GOONS_H

/*
 * Insults from the "Goon Show."
 */

    "You silly, twisted boy you.",
    "He has fallen in the water!",
    "We'll all be murdered in our beds!",
    "You can't come in. Our tiger has got flu",

and so on... they are quite readable.

To add to the other answers, the insults appear to be in the .rodata section of sudoers.so.  You can use objcopy to somewhat restrict the output, although there will still be a lot of false positives:

$ objcopy /usr/lib/sudo/sudoers.so /dev/null --dump-section .rodata=/dev/stdout | strings | head
/build/sudo-g3ghsu/sudo-1.8.16/plugins/sudoers/auth/sudo_auth.c
invalid authentication methods
Invalid authentication methods compiled into sudo!  You may not mix standalone and non-standalone authentication.
There are no authentication methods compiled into sudo!  If you want to turn off authentication, use the --disable-authentication configure option.
Unable to initialize authentication methods.
Just what do you think you're doing Dave?
It can only be attributed to human error.
That's something I cannot allow to happen.
My mind is going. I can feel it.
Sorry about this, I know it's a bit silly.
$


Can't resize partition I'm trying to make my Windows partition bigger so I made my Ubuntu partition 150 GBs smaller. Now when I try to resize my Windows partition it won't go bigger -- it only gives me the option to make it smaller. How do I enlarge my partition?

To resize your /dev/sda2 partition, you have to boot from Ubuntu live disk or gparted live disk.

Boot from Ubuntu live disk.
Open gparted partition editor from dash. If gparted is not installed by default then install it by running sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install gparted command on terminal(Ctrl+Alt+T).
Make sure that all the partitions are unmounted before trying to resize.
Now right-click on /dev/sda3 and select resize option. Move the dragger to the extreme right so that  150 GB of unallocated space would comes before /dev/sda3 partition.
After that, you can be able to resize your /dev/sda2 Windows partition.

You just cant do it without having newly boot and do partition preferable during installation  time . resizing partition may be allowed by some third party software but its going to harm your computer hard-disk. or if you join two partition or devide into two partition may be your system file will be corrupted and you will be unable to browse over windows or ubuntu . neither you can use kde partition manager and kvpm ,this will be avilable in ubuntu software center. or for in case windows you can use many third party software avilable


How to hear my voice in speakers with a mic? I have a USB microphone that I can chat on Skype, record sound etc. But how can I make it so that when my mic is on and I speak, Ι hear it in speakers live without having to record my voice first and then play it back? What apps do I need or where can I enable this option?

I'm running Ubuntu 10.10

Here is a solution that I've tested with Pulse Audio on Ubuntu 12.04.

Install PulseAudio Volume Control (pavucontrol):

sudo apt install pavucontrol

Now we will route your microphone to your speakers. Do this by running the following command:

pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1

On the Recording tab of pavucontrol, you can show all streams (combobox at the bottom) and then configure which microphone (if you have more than one) should loopback into the built-in analog stereo

To stop it running, run:

pactl unload-module module-loopback

in pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1 or
pactl load-module module-loopback latency_msec=1
i have 2 seconds delay...
There exist some live microphone live sign software. I have condensed usb microphone is hard to hear. (live effect will be perfect)
in mixx i hear !!! but offen clashes with the loudspeaker.
is possible to put karaoke from chromium browser sond mix with microphone ?
my device is
Bus 003 Device 006: ID 31b2:0011 DCMT Technology USB Condenser Microphone
ubuntu 20.04


How can I install Ubuntu 14 LTS on my Dell 13" 7000 series 2-in-1 laptop? I've read a number of guides attempting to explain how to dual boot Ubuntu with Windows 10, but the problem I keep running into is that can't I can't even get the Ubuntu installer to start. I continually get an error: oxc000007b. I've tried running the WUBI installer, tried booting with the Shift+Restart command and booting from the USB device with Ubuntu installed on it, tried mounting the ISO through Windows 10's built in tool; tried changing all the UEFI settings to Legacy to normal, to secure boot enabled to disabled, etc, etc etc. I simply can't get it to boot up with the Ubuntu installer.

As implied, I'm on Windows 10, and my computer has UEFI. I miss the days of simple BIOSs where you could just run WUBI and magic would happen. Windows 10 is just so slow. I need Linux!!

Edit: I used the Unetbootin tool. I am pretty sure all the USB drives I used were FAT32; I tried a number of different drives as well.

WUBI is deprecated even on BIOS-based computers and is 100% useless on a dual-boot with an EFI-mode Windows installation, so don't waste any more time on it.

When doing a dual-boot installation in EFI mode, you should NOT enable the Compatibility Support Module (CSM; aka "legacy boot support" or a similar phrase). Doing so is much more likely to create problems than to solve them. At best, it will solve an early problem only to create bigger problems further down the line. For more on this subject, see my Web page on the CSM.

I'm unfamiliar with the 0xc000007b error you report, but my guess is that your Linux installation medium is not prepared correctly. Tools used to create USB drives are not created equal. Personally, I generally use dd to copy images to USB flash drives, but that's not convenient in Windows. In Windows, the Rufus program seems to have the best reputation, although Unetbootin also usually works. Contrary to dodo_master's recommendation, I see a lot of problem reports about Universal USB Installer (aka PenDriveLinux and one or two other names), at least for EFI-mode installs. Unfortunately, what works well varies from one distribution and computer to another, so I can't point you at something that's 100% guaranteed to work; you may need to try two or three tools before you find one that works on your computer.

the error oxc000007b is because you have to format your usb with fat32.

then use universal usb installer to make a bootable ubuntu usb

and as you implied that you are not happy with win 10 and you missing the simple bios days then you should delete win 10 and go open source as i did. I like the freeodm of doing anything on linux. but before this transfer all your files on external hard disk Ofcourse:p


Disable unity sidebar but still use dash with superkey Is there a way to disable the unity sidebar but still use the dash?

Sort of. Go into system settings > appearance > behavior and set the launcher to auto-hide. Then set the reveal sensitivity to its lowest possible setting and it will hide permanently. I've just tested this and it works.

You can disable the Dash shortcut via compiz. Tested on Ubuntu 14.04

Open CompizConfig Settings Manager.
Go to the Ubuntu Unity Plugin.
Go to 'Launcher Tab' and click <Super> Button
Uncheck the Enable checkbox


why can't I install some packages after installing virtualbox After I installed virtualbox, I cannot install some packages. So I removed virtualbox, then I still cannot install the packages.

This is the package:

And this is the error I received.

After I ran sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade, there is no error and the result is as this:

After I ran sudo apt-get dist-upgrade, I was asked to install libav-tools, then I chose y, and then the error appeared.

Ok, here is the short answer.

sudo apt-get remove ffmpeg
sudo apt-get install libav-tools

The screenshots are somewhat limited in what they show, but can you try the following,

Visit the answer below and follow the steps to get the default sources for apt. Can't tell if you have added any.

How do I restore the default repositories?

( alternative http://www.tuxgarage.com/2011/01/restore-your-sources-list-to-defaults.html )

Just to be sure, remove the left overs of lib-avtools,

apt-get remove lib-avtools

&

apt-get clean

Try again,

apt-get update && apt-get dist-upgrade

If it fails again, is there any more information in /var/log/dpkg.log?


Alt-tab switching workspaces if Chrome is in focus MATE 18.10

I have workspaces set up so that alt-tab cycles through windows in the current workspace. However if I am in a chrome window, alt-tab sends me to another chrome window on a different workspace.

Alt-tab does not appear as a shortcut in any chrome documentation I've seen.

So it looks like Chrome is grabbing the alt-tab or that some layer of MATE is passing it on rather than acting on it.

Does anyone have an idea about what's going on? And / or how to fix it?

Assuming the problem is really some Chrome window setting a window manager flag _NET_WM_STATE_DEMANDS_ATTENTION and your window manager failing to focus correct window, you could run a script such as following to figure out the problem:

#!/bin/bash
# Copyright 2020 Mikko Rantalainen <mikko.rantalainen@iki.fi>
# License: MIT
set -e

# check 'wmctrl' has been installed
wmctrl --version > /dev/null || { echo "This script requires command 'wmctrl', aborting." 1>&2; exit 1; }

# save active window id
ACTIVE_ID=$(xprop -root | grep _NET_ACTIVE_WINDOW\(WINDOW\) | sed 's/.*window id # //')

wmctrl -l | while read id desktop machine title
do
    if xprop -id "$id" | grep -q "_NET_WM_STATE_DEMANDS_ATTENTION"
    then
        printf "\nWindow id %s (%s) on desktop #%s demands attention:\n" "$id" "$machine" "$desktop"
        #xprop -id "$id" | grep -E '(WM_CLASS|^WM_NAME.*UTF8)'
        printf -- "- %s\n" "$title"
        if test "$1" = "--clear"
        then
        wmctrl -i -a "$id"
        sleep 1
        fi
    fi
done

if test "$1" = "--clear"
then
    wmctrl -i -a "$ACTIVE_ID"
else
    echo ""
    echo "Pass flag '--clear' to focus each window demanding attention" 1>&2
    echo "for 1 seconds to clear the demands attention flag" 1>&2
fi

Save the file e.g. as ~/bin/list-window-demands-attention and you can run it in terminal:

$ list-window-demands-attention

Window id 0x0320005e (desktop) on desktop #2 demands attention:
- linux - How to check actual RAM usage of tmpfs? - Unix & Linux Stack Exchange - Google Chrome

Window id 0x03200079 (desktop) on desktop #2 demands attention:
- breaking-thunderbolt-security-bjorn-ruytenberg-20200417.pdf - Google Chrome

Pass flag '--clear' to focus each window demanding attention
for 1 seconds to clear the demands attention flag

That should be enough to figure out which windows you need to focus to clear the flag. If you don't mind about the actual windows and just want to clear the flag, you can pass --clear and the script will display each window for 1 seconds and then return to your window that was active before switching any window. The focused windows will be raised to top of window stack.

list-window-demands-attention --clear

If you don't want to wait for 1 second per window, feel free to comment out or remove the sleep 1 above.

According to the official Google Help Center there is no Alt+Tab

Do a search in the Chrome web store for Shortkeys there ARE answers there. Which will allow you to override any default chrome shortcut keys. I found a couple. I can not make any suggestions though.

I would avoid asking questions like this in the future as this is a Chrome issue not Ubuntu.

According to this: https://www.computerhope.com/shortcut/chrome.htm
They can be set to alt+tab.

Edited: Moved stuff around to better show my answer.


Is dual booting ubuntu 15.04 and windows 8.1 different from 14.04? Do I need to change any steps in dual booting it? With windows 8.1 that is. (UEFI) I intend on doing it automatically rather than manually creating partitions.

If you have successfully dual booted Windows UEFI with Ubuntu 14.04 in the past, you can use exact same steps to dual boot Windows UEFI and Ubuntu 15.04. There is no difference here.

From my experience, it is not too different. Just make sure to use the Disk Management on Windows to resize your Windows partition; gparted doesn't like to work well with Windows partitions.


pyvenv-3.4 error: returned non-zero exit status 1 When trying to create a virtual environment using the included pyvenv-3.4 that comes with 14.04, it throws an error:

Error: Command '['/some/directories/bin/python3.4', '-Im', 'ensurepip', '--upgrade', '--default-pip']' returned non-zero exit status 1

How do I use pyvenv-3.4 with Ubuntu 14.04?

Unfortunately, 14.04 shipped with a broken pyvenv.  According to this launchpad thread the issue will be resolved in the upcoming 14.04-1

Using this method you can install a Pyvenv environment without pip and then manually install pip after the fact.

pyvenv-3.4 --without-pip myvenv
source ./myvenv/bin/activate
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-3.4.4.tar.gz
tar -vzxf setuptools-3.4.4.tar.gz
cd setuptools-3.4.4
python setup.py install
cd ..
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.6.tar.gz
tar -vzxf pip-1.5.6.tar.gz
cd pip-1.5.6
python setup.py install
cd ..
deactivate
source ./myvenv/bin/activate

I came across this error because I was missing the python3-venv package on my system.


Is it possible to have different zoom for each display for dual-display configuration? It seems for me like it isn't possible, as zoom is changed for both displays simultaneous in "Displays" tool.
ubuntu 18.04, nvidia, one display 4K other 2K
I want to have 200% zoom on 4K display and 100% on 2K display so "resolutions" are equal
Any suggestions, please?

This should do the trick. Replace $YOUR_4K_SCREEN with the name of your output. You can play with the scaling factor until it's comfortable for you.
xrandr --output $YOUR_4K_SCREEN --scale 0.5x0.5

If anyone knows how to make this persist let us know.
If you encounter overlapping issue on second monitor use arandr to set screen position
 sudo apt install arandr

So I was having a similar problem, using Ubuntu 18.04 on an HP Spectre laptop with 2560x1440 at 200% magnification and have an Acer display at 1600x900. I was trying to get the Acer display to not display at 200% in the setting and it would not work. I ended up running this (Thanks dsklosr)

xrandr --output HDMI-1 --scale 2x2

and now have 200% magnification on my laptop display and 100% on my attached Acer display :)

If someone knows a sudo command to make it permanent I will be all set


"fsck exited with status code 4" after choosing to boot Ubuntu When I turn on my computer, it goes into the Ubuntu interface and asks me what I want to boot into:

Ubuntu
Advanced system options for ubuntu
Windows boot manager (on /dev/sda1)
System setup

When I boot into the “Ubuntu” option, it just shows a command prompt that runs a few commands:

[   3.075355] sd 4:0:0:0 [sdb] No Caching Mode page found

[   3.075388] sd 4:0:0:0 [sbd] Assuming Drive cache: write through

/dev/sdb2 contains a file system with errors, check forced

  Inode 2766781 extend tree (at level 2) could be narrower. IGNORED.

Inode 3938804, end of extent exceeds allowed value

 (Logical Block 387, physical block 19229549, Len 1)

/dev/sbd2: UNEXPECTED INCONSISTENCY; RUN fsck MANUALLY.

(i.e., without -a or -p options)

fsck exited with status code 4

The root filesystem on dev/svb2 requires a manual fsck
BusyBox v1.27.2 (Ubuntu 1:1.27.2-2ubuntu3.2) built-in shell (ash)

Enter ‘help’ for a list of built in commands.
(initramfs)

This is my only computer and I don’t know much about Linux.

Thanks for your time!

I figured it out, I just had to run

e2fsck -C0 -p on /dev/sdb2

(since I was running it from a micro-sd card)

I got it done by using:

e2fsck -fy /dev/sda1


VNC Viewer with No Monitor – Can't fix Resolution | Ubuntu 16.04.3 My Ubuntu machine has no monitor, I access it via Desktop Sharing. When I do, the only available resolution is 800x600.

I attempted to follow these instructions I get the following message from Ubuntu: "Xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output".

Please help! Save me from this dreaded resolution :)

If I run "xrandr" with no arguments, here's the output:

xrandr: Failed to get size of gamma for output default
Screen 0: minimum 640 x 480, current 1920 x 1080, maximum 1920 x 1080
default connected primary 1920x1080+0+0 0mm x 0mm
   1920x1080      0.00*
   1280x1024      0.00
   1024x768       0.00
   800x600        0.00
   640x480        0.00

Wait for the Release of 18.04 (Bionic Beaver) , back up you're important data and perform a clean install of Bionic Beaver.


Access network shared printer from wine command prompt I have connect a shared printer in my ubuntu desktop and I have installed wine 1.6. I ran a vb application in wine and I want to print the output txt file of the vb application.  Printer is shared in the ubuntu desktop. For that I need a command which can print the txt file from the wine command prompt.

Thanks you

save the text file to your Ubuntu desktop, and print the file with lpr. Check this page, it might be of some use.


How to fix the error warning failed to connect to lvmetad falling back to internal scanning My computer recently started giving me an error right after I installed gnome. It said:

WARNING: failed to connect to lvmetad. Falling back to internal scanning

I need help to fix the error.

Download Ubuntu from here. If your computer was made in the past 8 years then you probably want the 64 bit version. If not then use the 32 bit version.

If you do not know how to make a bootable disk then click here. I prefer to use unetbootin with USB which can be downloaded from here. If you use the USB method then make sure to use a partition on the drive that is smaller than 4 GB and is FAT32.

Insert the disk into the tray or the USB drive into the port. Reboot and select to boot to that device. Go ahead and let it boot to the normal live session. Click on the desktop icon to install Ubuntu.

Somewhere, around the 7th step as I recall, you're given an option. The option reads "Erase disk and install Ubuntu." Select that, instead of selecting "something else." This will completely wipe the entire system and give you a brand new starting point per your request.


install Ubuntu/Linux on internal hard drive or on external hard drive I want to install Ubuntu/Linux on my laptop because I really hate windows 10!! I think windows 10 is not totally compatible with the hardware of my laptop or I do not know what happen, but I have several issues such as slow initial booting, it is slow to turn off the laptop and more issues. I have a dell inspiron with 16 GB RAM, 128GBSSD (OS installed there) and 1TB SATA, core i7 and nvidia 4GB, so pretty good stuff for using google chrome and couple other softwares.

I am really decided to change to linux as my OS, but after reading several experiences the best solution is to either dual boot windows and linux or install LInux on a external hard disk. I am not a computer expert, so I need some guidance to know the best option (preserve windows and not mess the internal hard disk) and to install linux.

Thank you.

I think your best choice is to test a linux distribution first on your computer. First find out if Windows boots from EFI or BIOS with bcdedit command to execute as administrator in windows shell (if you see a .efi you are EFI).

Then create a bootable USB key accordingly allowing you to test a live distribution without installing. When you are satisfied (test hardware compatibility), just install from the key, and the installer should ask you about installing linux and keeping Windows next to it.

Install it on the internal drive.

Internal drives are always faster than external drives of the same type, so If you install on an external drive you should experience longer loading times for the OS itself and any programs you will install on it. Also file management (copying/moving/deleting/loading files) will be slower.
You will not mess up your Windows files if you do the partitioning job right. Just make sure that there will be no sudden blackouts in your area if you are using a desktop, and if you are using a laptop then just make sure your battery is charged to 100%.


Which download manager is capable of 'throttle' and 'pause & resume' a running instance of download from a script When downloading big files it necessary to pause the download many times. A big file can be downloaded by using wget. First start download, then kill wget, then resume download by wget -c.
I want to pause downloads too many times depending on events such as power failure, Network unavailability, etc... and want to automate it using a script. So pressing Ctrl+C is't an option. I know a process can be paused by kill -STOP "$pid" The pausing should not close the connection to the website, either it should wait for resume command or the bandwidth throttled to very low data useage.

How to pause aria2 download is a partial solution but option pause is not supported in my aria2 (1.8.0, Ubuntu 10.04 LTS) and I can't upgrade aria2 (From apt-get install or manually install ). This RPC option for aria2 seems to works from Ubuntu 11.10.  So a portable version of aria2 is also considerable.

Looking for
I'm looking for a download manager which is capable of throttle bandwidth and pause/resume all (or one ) the running instance of download upon execution of a --throttle=10K, --pasue switch or something like that, and resume it on a --resume switch (Or using other ways such as RPC).

I know killall -9 $(pidof downloader) should stop all downloads and can be resumed from the last point. But this only a bad choice for me as the number pause/resume is too high and the time to make connection to the server (where download file locate ) is a wastage of time and bandwidth.

aria1 can do some job by --stop switch. But it's obsolete and solves it partially.

I'm using JDownloader. However, AFAIK running instance cannot be controlled by command line.

On the other hand, there are add-ons like:
- JD Scheduler or
- JD RemoteControl

which can do a great job.

See:
http://jdownloader.org/home/features
http://jdownloader.org/home/addons

(I guess that there will be more tools, maybe someone else will add another suggestion...)

I am user of fatrat. Thats the best download managee I have in Ubuntu . Fatrat low in size and best in performance.

sudo apt-get install fatrat

the above command will install the fatrat.


How to I move MySQL data files onto different partition? I have my hard drive partitioned with two partitions, so I can easily re-install Ubuntu and try out different versions without losing my home directory data.
It is setup like this:

20GB  -> /     (root)
180GB -> /home

I do a lot of development work, so I have my /var/www folder symlinking to /home/valorin/workspace.

But I want to do this with my MySQL data files as well, as I am getting annoyed that each time I reinstall my machine I need to do a full SQLdump and then restore all the DB's before I can do more work.

What is the best way to do this without breaking MySQL?

Well, actually there is a potential Ubuntu specific answer to this question.

As mentioned by Gergoes link, this is basically about modifying /etc/mysql/my.cnf and set a new value for datadir = in the [mysqld] section. So far the unspecific part of the answer.

Assuming you are running a somewhat modern version of Ubuntu you might very well have AppArmor installed by default, with a profile for /usr/sbin/mysqld in enforced mode. That default profile will most likely not accept your new datadir.

Let us assume that your new datadir will be /home/data/mysql.

If you open the file /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld you will among the rules find these two lines.

/var/lib/mysql/ r,
/var/lib/mysql/** rwk,

Assuming our example above, they will have to be replaced or (probably preferable) complemented by these two lines.

/home/data/mysql/ r,
/home/data/mysql/** rwk,

Before we can startup our MySQL server, with its new datadir, we will also have to explicitly reload our new apparmor profile.

$ sudo apparmor_parser -r /etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.mysqld

This won't work just like that.

user mysql has to have the right to write to the new dir:

sudo chown -R mysql:mysql /newdatadir
sudo chmod -R 754 /newdatadir
sudo chmod 754 /newdatadir/..


docker engine installation error I am new to Ubuntu and trying to install docker on Ubuntu 15.04 by following this link.

I have tried many times but always get the same error:

docker-engine : Depends: libdevmapper1.02.1 (>= 2:1.02.99) but
2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1 is to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

You have Vivid installed, and the necessary package with the required version (2:1.02.99) is in Wily. Therefore use the Vivid version of docker. Edit /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list via

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list

and replace the content with

deb https://apt.dockerproject.org/repo ubuntu-vivid main

then update the package database

sudo apt-get update

It's also possible to install the packages in Vivid

cd
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lvm2/dmsetup_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
wget http://mirrors.kernel.org/ubuntu/pool/main/l/lvm2/libdevmapper1.02.1_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i dmsetup_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb libdevmapper1.02.1_1.02.99-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb

If you have problems with the packages, downgrade via

sudo apt-get install libdevmapper1.02.1=2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1 dmsetup=2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1

Tested in my Vivid system

% apt-cache policy libdevmapper1.02.1
libdevmapper1.02.1:
  Installed: 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1
  Candidate: 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1
  Version table:
 *** 2:1.02.99-1ubuntu1 0
        100 /var/lib/dpkg/status
     2:1.02.90-2ubuntu1 0
        500 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ vivid/main i386 Packages

I tried a combination of all the other answers and finally what solved my problem was

sudo apt-get install docker.io


how to upgrade nextcloud client on ubuntu Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS I have upgraded from ubuntu 16 LTS to 18 to 20 recently. Works nicely.
My version is
Ubuntu 20.04.1 LTS
Now my nextcloud client lets me know it needs an update with a pop-up. When I follow the pop-up it downloads an appimage form this link
https://download.nextcloud.com/desktop/releases/Linux/Nextcloud-2.6.5-x86_64.AppImage
All good and fine, but after the download that file sits in my download folder. How do I get it "installed" so it becomes the new version?
My ps lists this:
$ ps waux | egrep next
hanscees    2414  0.1  2.0 1718460 157308 ?      SLl  14:48   0:02 /usr/bin/nextcloud

Should I move the appimage to that binary or something, and why doesnt it update automagically?

Make the appimage file as executable file and run it.
chmod +x name_of_the_appimage_file

What is an "AppImage"? How do I install it?
here the answer your question maybe mark as duplicate since the link shows how to install appimage , you can save lot of time if you google stuff than ask a whole question and wait for answer
also here step
change permission of app image to executable
chmod +x < appname >
./< appname >
edit:
You want to run from anywhere you can simply write bash script or copy your appimage choose which one is suitable for you
here sample script
#!/bin/sh
/Path/to/appimage/appimage

and save this file as any name you want to /usr/bin or /usr/local/bin dir
Change permission to allow this to execute by
chmod +x /usr/bin/script-name
You need sudo permission to execute command

after you can execute any where you want
also check following
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14637979/how-to-permanently-set-path-on-linux-unix \
How do I add a custom launcher?

there one more trick you can direcly link appimage
ln < app image> /usr/bin/


For photography use, is Unity is overheating my laptop? Should I try OpenSuse instead? I am a perfect noob here in the Linux world. Previously was using Windows 7.

Mine is an HP laptop - Intel core2duo T5470 @ 1.60GHz × 2 / 965GM with 2GB RAM.
I installed Ubuntu 12.04TLS and is quite liking it's display. I really recognized it is 3D before knowing it was Unity 3D interface. My uses are image editing, home uses, downloads, browsing etc.. No video-editing/gaming at all. Being a Photography enthusiast I use image editing programs fairly more.

But I am now feeling my laptop is getting a bit overheated - processor and hard-disk.
I tried lm-sensor and could not make out much of it. Installed Xsensors.7. It gives the same output as lm-sensors gave me. It gives temperature for 4 things> Temp1, temp2, temp3, and temp4.  For "acpitz". Please guide me in this.

However I wanted to ask something more.
Which one is better for working with images - photography I mean - openSUSE 12.1 or Ubuntu with unity 3D? Can I get the display quality with the openSUSE distribution? I heard for laptops openSUSE uses power more efficiently, is there any truth?
Please suggest me whether I should try openSUSE or not. If so with which GUI? KDE or GNOME?
Thanks in advance.

Regards
SoT

You won't find much difference between Ubuntu and OpenSuse other than the looks and feels, but functionality should be about the same.

The software you need to edit images (Gimp,Inkscape, etc...) will run in both systems flawlessly.

The overheating problem...some laptops models have been reported to suffer from overheating issues under linux (Ubuntu or OpenSuse). It might just be worth performing a google search for your model in particular.

I personally prefer Ubuntu over Opensuse, but both are solid distributions and you will do just fine with either one.

Welcome to AskUbuntu.com!

I would recommend using Ubuntu.GNOMEorKDE` is matter of person preference. Try both, and see which one you like.

Regarding Photography, much more will depend on your graphic card , processor and memory.

We have Photoshop alternative called GNU GIMP and Adobe Illustrator alternative called Inkscape


Any way to manually make a bootable USB from ISO? I've been using Unetbootin but it occasionally fails to create a bootable usb the way I need it to, especially with the newer versions.

Is there a way I could extract the iso myself?

This is a bit destructive, but works all the time. It will write everything to the /dev/sdb (which is the usb device. )

sudo dd if=/path/to.iso of=/dev/sdb bs=16M

read the manpage of dd

Use the following Program:
Universal USB Installer Click Here


15.04 stopped upgrading Error (1) Udev and Insserv errors My 15.04 will not upgrade successfully either through apt-get or otherwise. The files will download but I receive the following errors. So far I've found no solution. Udev and insserv seem to be the problem areas. Also, the machine is a server and it will not allow connections to it either through Owncloud, SSH, SFTP, or via the web address.

Fetched 151 MB in 15min 19s (164 kB/s)
Extracting templates from packages: 100%
Preconfiguring packages ...
Setting up udev (219-7ubuntu6) ...
update-initramfs: deferring update (trigger activated)
insserv: warning: script 'ehcp_daemon.py' missing LSB tags and overrides
insserv: warning: script 'ehcp' missing LSB tags and overrides
insserv: There is a loop between service monit and ehcp_daemon.py if stopped
insserv:  loop involving service ehcp_daemon.py at depth 2
insserv:  loop involving service monit at depth 1
insserv: Stopping ehcp_daemon.py depends on monit and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true!
insserv: Stopping ehcp depends on monit and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true!
insserv: exiting now without changing boot order!
update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header
dpkg: error processing package udev (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Processing triggers for initramfs-tools (0.103ubuntu15) ...
update-initramfs: Generating /boot/initrd.img-3.19.8-992-lowlatency
Errors were encountered while processing:
 udev
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

They just mean that the special new tags have not yet been added to the boot scripts. Try removing insserv and try again.


How do I run a custom animated bootscreen? I want to create a new splash theme for Ubuntu 11.10 using a volcano theme, so when it boots the volcano erupts with lava (same for shutdown). Now I have my image (png) but obviously it does not animate. I looked at the solar plymouth theme and I was thinking since the animation is there I can check it but no luck.

Is there a tool or a script I need to use to animate my volcano?

The image looks like this:

I've already got the animated image, I'm just wondering how I can make it run at startup.

I Found what I need:

HorizontalAlignment=.25
VerticalAlignment=.5
Transition=merge-fade
TransitionDuration=.5

Look at these videos:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AnwFM-46fdM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1bwlG6G8f8

[Plymouth Theme]
Name=Bizcom Glow
Description=Corporate theme with pie chart boot progress followed by a glowing emerging logo
ModuleName=two-step

[two-step]
ImageDir=/lib/plymouth/themes/glow
HorizontalAlignment=.25
VerticalAlignment=.5
Transition=merge-fade
TransitionDuration=.5

It loads the files:

  progress-00.png to progress-32.png

and

  throbber-00.png to throbber-19.png

To create the animation.

Here's some good links:

http://blog.fpmurphy.com/2009/09/project-plymouth.html

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Plymouth


Is there a way to automatically assign new users a disk quota limit as they are created on edubuntu? I am new to ubuntu, I recently set up an edubuntu ltsp 14.04 server. I manually assigned disk quota limit to already existing users. Is there a way to make the server automatically assign quota limit to new users as they are being created? maybe a script or something?
Help is really needed here...

Actually, you can have this set.  Edit /etc/adduser.conf and add 'QUOTAUSER={user}' where {user} is set to either a user that you want to clone quota settings from, or a generic account with quota defined.  See 'man adduser.conf' for more info.

Instead of assigning the quota to every user you could assign the quota to a group.
Then simply add the new users to this group when you create them.


Installing ubuntu desktop without all the bloat I am thinking of installing Ubuntu Server then from there install a desktop environment. Then I think ubuntu-desktop will not just include the desktop but other bloat too? How can I just get the GUI, plus all the required stuff like apt-get, perhaps software center etc?

Well, a lot of the potential bloat in the ubuntu-desktop meta package are listed as Recommends. Hence you could try installing the page with only its hard dependencies using the following apt-get command:

sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends ubuntu-desktop

You can see the list of Dependencies vs. Recommends at https://packages.ubuntu.com/xenial/ubuntu-desktop

You can also get that information from this apt-cache command:

apt-cache show ubuntu-desktop

Download and extract the ubuntu-desktop deb and remove package dependencies you don't want.  Then rebuild it as a new package.  Make sure all dependencies are >= not =.

Make your own deb sounds a little snarky, but so does "bloat".  Which is a completely innocuous and inconsistent term.  Your definition of bloat will be different than mine.

If you really want a minimalist desktop you could try out flux or something along those lines and synaptic instead of software manager.


What scientific plotting software is available? I am currently doing some experimental work and I have a lot of data to trawl though. I use Gnumeric, and it's very good, but often I feel there has to be something better.

Ideally I would like the maximum number of features with a minimal learning curve, but really I'd just like to know if there is something better than Gnumeric that I can use for manipulating and plotting data.

What would you recommend?

I am a Physics student and found that the best scientific plotting software for Ubuntu is QtiPlot. It is very similar to Origin, and works really well.

I would like to suggest the supermongo for scientific use. Although it is expansive but you can get it from your institute or research center. This is very user friendly and easy to operate. You can plot your data with high resolution and advanced settings.


An easy way to create a desktop shortcut? I wonder, isn't still there  an easy way to create a desktop shortcut in Ubuntu 14.04 (or Unity)? There is no context menu on desktop doing this.

So I tried the following: I looked for an app I want to create a shortcut for in the dash, then I tried to drag it to the desktop. And guess what? I got the error:

Right click the file you want a link to in your file manager.
Select "Create link" from the context menu.
Move that link wherever you want it.

In the case of application launchers, they're placed in /usr/share/applications/. The procedure is identical. We have several shortcut editor applications if you want advanced functionality, but I suspect the method above should suffice?

When we discover bugs in Ubuntu and we would like them to be fixed, we report them to the developers. This is done on http://Launchpad.net.

If you want to create a launcher from a shell script using a GUI

sudo apt-get install alacarte && alacarte

EDIT:
Alacarte seems to be deprecated. Prefer arronax

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:diesch/testing
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install arronax
nautilus -q
arronax


"GPG error: Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG" I ran this command in the Terminal:

sudo apt-get update

Updating ends with the following error report:

W: A error occurred during the signature verification. The repository is not updated and the previous index files will be used. GPG error: http://extras.ubuntu.com precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 16126D3A3E5C1192 Ubuntu Extras Archive Automatic Signing Key <ftpmaster@ubuntu.com>

W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net precise Release: The following signatures were invalid: BADSIG 4C1CBC1B69B0E2F4 Launchpad PPA for Jonathan French
W: Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/precise/Release

What does this mean and why is it happening?

Try this:

sudo apt-get clean
sudo mv /var/lib/apt/lists /tmp
sudo mkdir -p /var/lib/apt/lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update

You can use launchpad-getkeys to fix this.
Open a terminal and enter:

sudo apt-get install launchpad-getkeys
sudo launchpad-getkeys

Then

sudo apt-get update


How to fix PostgreSQL installation I upgraded from Maverick to Natty recently and everything went fine except during the dist-upgrade something went wrong with PostgreSQL. I've since tried reinstalling, removing, and even purging it via 'sudo apt-get purge postgresql' but it still comes up with the same error no matter what I do. See below. It was working fine before the upgrade. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!

Setting up postgresql-common (114) ...
 * Starting PostgreSQL 8.4 database server         * The PostgreSQL server failed to start. Please check the log output:
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT LOG:  could not bind IPv4 socket: Address already in use
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT HINT:  Is another postmaster already running on port 5432? If not, wait a few seconds and retry.
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT WARNING:  could not create listen socket for "127.0.0.1"
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT FATAL:  could not create shared memory segment: Invalid argument
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT DETAIL:  Failed system call was shmget(key=5432001, size=37879808, 03600).
2011-05-19 11:49:41 EDT HINT:  This error usually means that PostgreSQL's request for a shared memory segment exceeded your kernel's SHMMAX parameter.  You can either reduce the request size or reconfigure the kernel with larger SHMMAX.  To reduce the request size (currently 37879808 bytes), reduce PostgreSQL's shared_buffers parameter (currently 4096) and/or its max_connections parameter (currently 103).
    If the request size is already small, it's possible that it is less than your kernel's SHMMIN parameter, in which case raising the request size or reconfiguring SHMMIN is called for.
    The PostgreSQL documentation contains more information about shared memory configuration.

[fail]
invoke-rc.d: initscript postgresql, action "start" failed.
dpkg: error processing postgresql-common (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1

You need to increase the maximum size of a chunk of shared memory Linux kernel allows to allocate at once (known as SHMMAX parameter)

You need to edit /etc/sysctl.conf and add the following line:

kernel.shmmax = 41943040

(where 41943040 is the size of memory in bytes, i.e. 40 megabytes. On production system you probably want to set this value way higher - Postgres documentation recommends to start with 1/4 of available memory)

Then run

sudo sysctl -p

and restart postgres again.

Alternatively, you can edit /etc/postgresql/<version>/main/postgresql.conf and reduce the value of shared_buffers parameter.

This is a bug, more info here

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/264336

(there's also /etc/sysctl.d/30-postgresql-shm.conf file which is supposed to be used for this purpose but it doesn't seem to be included from the main config so editing it has no effect)

The old Postgres is still running most likely.

Good idea, like freethinker pointed out, to veryfy what's running on that port.

Once you know it's Postrgres then you would probably want to kill it:

# Find PID
ps axf | grep post

kill PID

Then you can start the new version:

/etc/init.d/postgresql start

I'm puzzled why the package manager was not able to stop the older version.


What Application Indicators are available? This question exists because it has historical significance, but it is not considered a good, on-topic question for this site, so please do not use it as evidence that you can ask similar questions here.  While you are encouraged to help maintain its answers, please understand that "big list" questions are not generally allowed on Ask Ubuntu and will be closed per the help center.

I installed Ubuntu 11.04 on one of my systems and I am using the Unity interface. Unity is working quite well so far but I really miss panel applets for net speed, cpu temp, and system monitor.

These applets are useful for viewing quick info. Unlike 10.10, there is no other way to get this info onto the panel or unity launcher. There are solutions like screenlets and conky but they don't feel appropriate for a clean desktop look.

If you know one then please list out any third party indicators with links so that they can be found.

System Load Indicator
Category: System Information
Network, memory and cpu usage indicator; this is a port of the original System Monitor GNOME Panel applet (gnome-system-monitor applet).

In Preferences you can customize the output to fit it to your desktop theme:

To install:
You can install it through the Ubuntu Software Centre by clicking this button:

or through the command line:
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

If you want the latest updates, you can install it from the PPA with these commands:
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:indicator-multiload/stable-daily
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload

Live Cricket Score Indicator:(available for Ubuntu 14.04, 15.04 and 15.10)

Category: Other

Cricket Score Indicator is an App-indicator displays live cricket scores:

Open Terminal and run the commands(Ctrl+Alt+T)

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:rawcoder/cricket-score-indicator
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install cricket-score-indicator


How to permanently switch Caps Lock and Esc How can I permanently switch the Caps Lock and Esc key functions in Saucy? I can use this command to do it temporarily (until reboot):

/usr/bin/setxkbmap -option "caps:swapescape"

I tried adding that command as a Startup Application, but it doesn't seem to do anything.

Another way to do this is through the dconf-editor. This method has a few extra steps from gnome-tweak-tool, but is useful if you don't want to pull in the dependencies from the tweak tool.

This will allow you to use the caps:swapescape syntax and automatically make the change permanent.

sudo apt-get install dconf-tools

After starting the dconf-editor, navigate to org >> gnome >> desktop >> input-sources

Add the options that you need in xkb-options. The option strings are surrounded by single quotes and separated by commas. Be careful not to delete the brackets on the ends.

You can use this method to enter most of the traditional xkb options that are no longer available in System Settings >> Text Entry. The exception are the settings for switching the keyboard layouts, which currently do not work because of a bug.

For a list of the options and the syntax, use man 7 xkeyboard-config in a terminal.

Another common option that could be used is terminate:ctrl_alt_bksp to allow ctrl+alt+backspace to end the X-session.

On KDE GUI (graphical user interface), This can be done from Keyboard Layout on System Setting. Click on "Input Devices". On the top left corner, click Keyboard. Then click "Advanced" tab.and under "Caps Lock key behavior" choose "switch Escape and Capslock".


2D CAD application for Ubuntu 14.04 ---> output DWG/DXF files I would like to know if there are any 2D/3D CAD software available for Ubuntu 14.04.
I'm looking for software that produces DWG/DXF files.

There are lot of apps to use. check this UbuntuEngineering.

But as a first choice I advise you to use FreeCAD.

Quoted from official site:

  FreeCAD is a parametric 3D modeler made primarily to design real-life
  objects of any size. Parametric modeling allows you to easily modify
  your design by going back into your model history and changing its
  parameters. FreeCAD is open-source and highly customizable, scriptable
  and extensible.

  FreeCAD is multiplatfom (Windows, Mac and Linux), and reads and writes
  many open file formats such as STEP, IGES, STL, SVG, DXF, OBJ, IFC,
  DAE and many others.

You can install it using command line:

sudo apt-get install freecad

I use DraftSight on Kubuntu 15.10. Works well and is similiar in layout to AutoCad. Dwg/Dxf supported.


For an old machine with 4 GB of RAM, is a 32-bit or 64-bit system faster? I installed the 64-bit version of Ubuntu 14.04 for the first time, and I think it is heavier than the 32-bit version. While it was installing it got stuck. I tried four times to install.

Is it true that Ubuntu does not get very many updates? Does installing less software and updates help to keep the system running smoothly and fast?

My system has these specs:

Intel-E5700 processor
ASUS P5G41T-MLX3 motherboard
4 GB RAM

I know it is old and slow. My question is this:

Do I have to change it to 32-bit for my PC to work faster?

64bit is typically faster but does use slightly more RAM. If you are running into a situation where 64bit addressing is using up all your RAM, that could be an argument for using 32bit.

That said, 4GB of RAM is plenty for a typical desktop. Therefore the issue you are seeing is likely nothing to do with the architecture and probably something else (a wonky driver, hardware fault, etc).

And that said, trying 32bit might not hurt. It's monetarily free and the only real cost is the time it takes to download and install. There's no other way to switch between architectures.

First of all 64-bit is not like 32-bit at all:

The 64-bit version is faster and reads all the existing RAM in your computer, ensuring you can use it all.
The 32-bit version is not as fast. It reads only up to 3.2 GB of RAM in your computer. So even if you have more it won't be used.

What is difference between 32 bit and 64 bit
About why your PC runs slow:
You may consider your PC not that powerful. So you might want to try Lubuntu or Elementary OS, for example. Such a lightweight derivative will be easier for your PC to run. In particular, they don't feature such a heavy graphical interface, so you don't need as good of a graphics card.


Sound is not working correctly on Ubuntu 12.04 I know this is my own fault. But what i did was this
first i wrote this command 'sudo apt-get remove pulseaudio' and then i wrote again 'sudo apt-get install pulseaudio' and now the sound doesn't work properly

And the Indicator doesn't work either, it's just grayed out. The shortcuts are not working either.

Alsamixer is working, and this is the only way i change change the volume at the moment:

jeggy@jeggy-XPS:~$ cat /proc/asound/cards
 0 [PCH            ]: HDA-Intel - HDA Intel PCH
                      HDA Intel PCH at 0xf1c00000 irq 52

jeggy@jeggy-XPS:~$ aplay -l
**** List of PLAYBACK Hardware Devices ****
ALSA lib conf.c:1686:(snd_config_load1) _toplevel_:11:0:Unexpected end of file
ALSA lib conf.c:3406:(config_file_open) /etc/asound.conf may be old or corrupted: consider to remove or fix it
/usr/bin/pulseaudio: error while loading shared libraries: libpulsecommon-1.1.so: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 0: ALC665 Analog [ALC665 Analog]
  Subdevices: 0/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 1: ALC665 Digital [ALC665 Digital]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
card 0: PCH [HDA Intel PCH], device 3: HDMI 0 [HDMI 0]
  Subdevices: 1/1
  Subdevice #0: subdevice #0

VLC sound is not working, am getting this error:

It seems like I'm unable to comment, so I'm putting my comment into this answer.

Could you open a terminal (Control + Alt + T by default) and enter the command alsamixer? You should see a bunch of volume levels. Make sure they are towards the top of their bars and unmuted ("OO" is unmuted, "MM" is muted at the bottom of each bar).

If it doesn't look like anything's wrong, could you post a screenshot of the alsamixer window?

Check the basic settings are correct:
System tools > System settings > Sound > Output volume to on


Can't sync Nokia Lumia 800 on Ubuntu 12.04 I am just started using Ubuntu, and i came up with some issue.

I have Nokia 800, which runs on Windows phone 7.5 and to sync my files i have to use Microsoft Zune which runs only on MAC and Windows. On Ubuntu i can not use Microsoft Zune because, i can not do anything with my file. i can not download or upload videos, audios or images. All that kind of stuff i can do only with Zune it is like iTunes for Apple devices.

How can i solve this to sync my files?

How can i connect my Nokia to laptop on Ubuntu, without Wine?

The Lumia 800, like many other Lumia devices, seems to use MTP for providing access to the phone storage.

Ubuntu's filemanager does support MTP out of the box since 12.10 if I recall correctly. Also support for MTP devices improved in recent releases and with 14.04 a can finally use my Lumia 620.

I suggest you update from 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS.

Related:

My MTP capable device is not detected? What can I do about that?
My answer on Getting MTP enabled devices to work with Ubuntu?
Article from WorkArounds blog: Windows Phone 7.x on Linux


Unable to install ubuntugis http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release
  404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]
Reading package lists... Done
E: The repository 'http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release' does not have a Release file.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.

For now, if you wish to use the ubuntugis ppa with Ubuntu 18.04, you will need to use the unstable repo, not the stable one.  Remove (or comment out) the entries for the stable repo (probably in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntugis-ubuntu-ppa-bionic.list) and run the following (as per the ubuntugis wiki ) :

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntugis/ubuntugis-unstable
sudo apt-get update

Here's your problem, and the cause of further errors (E:) and notifications (N:):

http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntugis/ppa/ubuntu bionic Release
404  Not Found [IP: 91.189.95.83 80]

The 404 error means you failed to connect to ppa.launchpad.net.

Fix your network connection.


configure tor to use only US proxies Can anybody tell how I can configure my tor to use only US proxies?

Vidalia, open Settings→Advanced
and add this to your torrc file:

ExcludeNodes {be},{pl},{ca},{za},{vn},{uz},{ua},{tw},{tr},{th}, {sk},{sg},{se},{sd},{sa},{ru},{ro},{pt},{ph},{pa}, {nz},{np},{no},{my},{mx},{md},{lv},{lu},{kr},{jp}, {it},{ir},{il},{ie},{id},{hr},{hk},{gr},{gi},{gb}, {fi},{es},{ee},{dk},{cz},{cy},{cr},{co},{cn},{cl}, {ci},{ch},{by},{br},{bg},{au},{at},{ar},{aq},{ao}, {ae},{nl},{de},{fr}

Add this to your torrc file:

ExitNodes {US}
StrictNodes 1


What causes SSH problems after rebooting a 14.04 server? Why does rebooting a server running Ubuntu 14.04 give me 'Connection refused' errors?

I see ssh: connect to host <IP-address-here> port 22: Connection refused but only for 14.04 and only after rebooting. I'm using 12.04 Desktop at home. How do I troubleshoot this?

To make the question clearer, here's what does or does not work for me:

SSH into a fresh install of 12.04 > logout > SSH in again > works
SSH into a fresh install of 12.04 > reboot > SSH in again > works
SSH into a fresh install of 14.04 > logout > SSH in again > works
SSH into a fresh install of 14.04 > reboot > SSH in again > Connection refused

The problem I'm having is unique to 14.04, and only happens after rebooting. I have several servers running 12.04 prior to this and everything still works perfectly. I've got a new server I want to use 14.04 on and I want to understand what is going wrong. Any suggestions?

Here's what I've tried so far:

sudo traceroute -p 22 -T <IP-address-here>

Traceroute works fine, I get a response from the server on SSH port 22.

initctl list
...
ssh start/running, process 23371
...

Looks like ssh on the 14.04 server is set to start at boot (as expected).

tom@Desktop:~$ ssh -vvv root@<IP-address-here>
OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1 14 Mar 2012
debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config
debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for *
debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0
debug1: Connecting to <IP-address-here> [<IP-address-here>] port 22.
debug1: connect to address <IP-address-here> port 22: Connection refused
ssh: connect to host <IP-address-here> port 22: Connection refused

Edit: Here is the entire syslog from a freshly created machine. I created it, SSH'd in & issued reboot now command, then got a connection refused error after waiting for it to reboot and trying to SSH in the second time. Hard reboot via hosting control panel and now SSH connection works again.

Quick answer:

SSH is not the problem. The command you use to reboot is the problem: don't do reboot now, do reboot or shutdown -r now to reboot your system.

The command syntax (since 13.04) has been:

reboot [OPTION]...  [REBOOTCOMMAND]

The REBOOTCOMMAND never existed before. In 12.04, your now was just ignored but now it's being used... And it's breaking everything.

Long answer, with my tests results and explanation:

I have a similar problem with some servers running 14.04 AND in VPS (hosted at the French OVH provider - running OpenVZ) AND when doing reboot now inside the server itself.

Like you I've issued the command reboot now from the console (logged in using SSH). A few second after I pressed RETURN, my session is automatically disconnected.
Like you I've never been able to reconnect to the server via SSH after issuing this command.

So, I decided to open the KVM console provided by OVH. (emulating the direct access using keyboard and screen on a physical server for this kind of virtual server).

I was able to connect to my machine and I saw that she was entering into Single User Mode, waiting for me to press CTRL+D to continue or to enter the root password to go into maintenance mode.
I pressed the key combination to go let the process continue and then was able to SSH into my system again. What was my surpise to see, after running uptime, that the uptime was not 2 or 3 minutes but yet a lot of day : reboot now executed inside an Ubuntu 14.04 VPS is not really rebooting but is just asking to go into Single User mode!

From this, I've learned to never ask a reboot from within my VPS but to request it from the command provided on the management interface of the hoster.

Thus there is no problem with your SSH installation. The problem is when you type reboot now. In fact, I tested it afterward also, if you had typed reboot (just the word, no option), it would have done what you were intending to do : reboot the server.

Using reboot with an argument (from the man page) call the command shutdown with the given arguments.
And indeed, if I execute shutdown now, I have the same behaviour : the system is not rebooted, it goes into single user mode.

Remark: it looks like it is the intended behaviour as the message appearing on the screen after hiting executing this command says something like :

  The system will be brought to the maintenance mode

Maintenance mode or single user mode, this represent the same, a runlevel with noting more than a shell, no network, no network processes, ...

This may be confusing, but note that the correct usage of shutdown is, for instance : shutdown -h now to halt the system now or shutdown -r now to reboot it now.
I wasn't aware that shutdown now would only bring the system into single user mode. I usually do init S to achieve this.

For my system the problem was that the ssh init script /etc/init.d/ssh was the only one checking for the presence of the upstart version of init.

So /etc/init.d/ssh doesn't start ssh, because it believes it will be started by upstart.

In my case, upstart doesn't start because of my particular configuration:

There was a correct configuration in /etc/init/ssh.conf, but there also was an /etc/init/ssh.override file containing manual, which means ssh is expected to be started manually.

This file was created by the get-remnux.sh installation script.

Starting manually, or removing the /etc/init/ssh.override file solves the problem.


Battery indicator has disappeared from Gnome panel I'm using Gnome Flashback (still the best!) on Ubuntu 14.04. In the Indicator app, it used to always show the battery level indicator. Now, it's missing entirely:

I've looked in the power settings to make sure it's set to show no matter what:

I assume "When battery is present" means "show the battery indicator whether charging or plugged in or whatever, just as long as the physical battery is in the laptop." I also tried the other option, "When battery is charging or in use", but that doesn:t make a difference.

The battery indicator was there consistently since upgrading to 14.04 a month ago, and has only started to be shy about appearing within maybe the last few days. So far as I know, I haven't done anything to alter any settings regarding power or indicators or applets that would have any impact on this.

Why is my power indicator missing, and how do I get it back?

Note: Try steps 4/5 first, it may be fixed with 1st hit.

Below the extended instruction to debug the problem with the indicator.

Check if indicator-power-service is running:

ps ax | grep indicator-power

If it's running, try reset its settings then restart it:

dconf reset -f /com/canonical/indicator/power/
pkill -f indicator-power-service

No success, locate it then try it from terminal (looking for any errors in output):

sudo updatedb; locate -r indicator-power-service$

My system is 64bit, So:

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-power/indicator-power-service

If it works with command, then some thing wrong with its autostart.
As it was checked, it isn't running on start up. Verify the existence of:

/usr/share/upstart/sessions/indicator-power.conf

description "Indicator Power Backend"

# Want to move to indicator-services-[start|end], but that's not all
# there yet.  Use the signals that exist today for now.

start on indicators-loaded or indicator-services-start
stop on desktop-end or indicator-services-end

respawn

exec /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-power/indicator-power-service

/etc/xdg/autostart/indicator-power.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Type=Application
Name=Indicator Power
Exec=/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-power/indicator-power-service
NotShowIn=Unity;
NoDisplay=true
StartupNotify=false
Terminal=false

This works for me with a fresh Ubuntu 14.04, Modifing indicator-power.desktop for autostart conditions similar to the other indicators. (Submitted bug report lp#1330302)

sudo nano /etc/xdg/autostart/indicator-power.desktop

Remove:

NotShowIn=Unity;

Replace it with:

OnlyShowIn=Unity;XFCE;GNOME;
AutostartCondition=GNOME3 unless-session gnome

Logout/Login

Well if it didn't work:

Try purge it then reinstall it:

sudo apt-get remove --purge indicator-power
sudo apt-get install indicator-power

Reboot, Check again
No success, as workaround you can run it this way (you may close terminal after this):

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/indicator-power/indicator-power-service & disown $!

& run it in background
disown $! command to detach a process for current terminal, $! variable that hold PID of last process run in background

Or better if add it to user startup applications, see How do I start applications automatically on login?

If you have a wireless mouse plugged in it may be hiding underneath of it, just click the mouse and it should be in that pop-up menu,


Live USB boot stuck at initramfs prompt I'm trying to boot up Ubuntu 14.04.1 on my machine which already has windows installed.
I created a live usb using the Universal USB installer for windows.
The flash drive boots fine but when i select "try ubuntu without installing" it moves ahead and gets stuck at an initramfs prompt.

I read through a bunch of threads but none match my problem.
Any help would be appreciated.

I had this issue, and my efi partition was full. I think this caused the issue because installation always stopped at that drive, and displayed the initramfs prompt as stated in this issue.

I tried many of the fixes on this page and many other pages. It took days to figure out which fix would work.

I finally created a USB boot drive on my WIN 10 machine using Lili USB Creator, and what do you know? I could install Ubuntu on my Linux-dedicated machine from that USB boot drive. I had tried at least three other USB Boot disk tools or command-line methods.

Now I have to figure out how to grow my efi partition. It's no longer full, but damn close. Oh and AND WiFi isn't working...yet.

HW: Lenovo s21e
System (finally!): Ubuntu 14.04 LTS

If you are getting the message like,

BusyBox v1.18.5 (Ubuntu 1:1.18.5-1ubuntu4) built-in shell (ash)

Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands. (initramfs)

Then we have solution for this

Firstly, boot into a live CD or USB

Find out your partition number by using

sudo fdisk -l|grep Linux|grep -Ev 'swap'

Then, list all superblocks by using the command:

sudo dumpe2fs /dev/sda2 | grep superblock

Replace sda2 to your drive number

You should get a similar output like this

  Primary superblock at 0, Group descriptors at 1-6
  Backup superblock at 32768, Group descriptors at 32769-32774
  Backup superblock at 98304, Group descriptors at 98305-98310
  Backup superblock at 163840, Group descriptors at 163841-163846
  Backup superblock at 229376, Group descriptors at 229377-229382
  Backup superblock at 294912, Group descriptors at 294913-294918
  Backup superblock at 819200, Group descriptors at 819201-819206
  Backup superblock at 884736, Group descriptors at 884737-884742
  Backup superblock at 1605632, Group descriptors at 1605633-1605638
  Backup superblock at 2654208, Group descriptors at 2654209-2654214
  Backup superblock at 4096000, Group descriptors at 4096001-4096006
  Backup superblock at 7962624, Group descriptors at 7962625-7962630
  Backup superblock at 11239424, Group descriptors at 11239425-11239430
  Backup superblock at 20480000, Group descriptors at 20480001-20480006
  Backup superblock at 23887872, Group descriptors at 23887873-23887878

Choose an alternate superblock from this list, for this case alternate superblock # 32768

Now, to check and repair a Linux file system using alternate superblock # 32768:

sudo fsck -b 32768 /dev/sda2

You should get similar output like this:

fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007)
/dev/sda2 was not cleanly unmounted, check forced.
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
Free blocks count wrong for group #241 (32254, counted=32253).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #362 (32254, counted=32248).
Fix? yes
Free blocks count wrong for group #368 (32254, counted=27774).
Fix? yes
..........
/dev/sda2: ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED *****
/dev/sda2: 59586/30539776 files (0.6% non-contiguous), 3604682/61059048 blocks

Now try mounting the partition

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

Now, try to browse the filesystem with the following commands

cd /mnt
mkdir test
ls -l
cp file /path/to/safe/location

If you are able to perform the above commands, you have most probably fixed your error.

Now, restart you computer and you should be able to boot normally.

Or if you hate commands--

Try running boot-repair from live mode:
You can run the recommended repair

Ubuntu Boot-Repair


Deleting a stubborn folder I am trying to delete three files relating to a program install. I am listed as owner, and have all permissions, none of them are root files, they are all in the home folder. I tried deleting them normally and got the error, file can not be deleted. After a little searching I found the following thread here
How do I remove a folder?
I have tried all of those suggestions, I type the information into the terminal, click enter, put in the password, click enter, and get the normal prompt, but the file is not deleted.
This program did not install correctly and I am trying to reinstall, but it keeps telling me files cannot be copied because of these three files. What else can I do?


Saving JPEG from GIMP - JPEG not recognized by other programs I am using GIMP v.2.8.16 to combine several figures from different file formats into a single JPEG image.  I'm able to accomplish this and save as JPEG, and open it on my computer perfectly fine, but when I go to upload it to a website which requires .jpg format files the file is not recognized as a jpeg.  I've had this issue multiple times now where the .jpg exported by GIMP is not recognized by other programs.

Just to test that it was related to GIMP, I combined the same figures using LibreOffice Impress and saved as a JPEG, and this file was able to be uploaded with no problems.

Has anyone else experienced this issue and/or come up with a solution?

The image that you are using worked rendered OK on a demo webpage that I created to test it, so I don't think that there is anything wrong with your image. Maybe there is a size limitation on image files on your website. The image that you are uploading to a website is a 4.8 MB .jpg image that is possibly too large for the website that you are uploading it to. Try scaling the image down to reduce its size to something more manageable for the web, not more than 2.0 MB.

How to resize an image with HTML is for users who want to keep an image at its original file size (in KB or MB) and just resize the display size of the image on a webpage.

I have also found that making any minuscule change to the image in a different application sometimes solves this type of problem.

Open the .jpg file in Image Viewer. Image Viewer is the default application for opening images in Ubuntu.
Select Edit -> Flip Horizontal and flip the image horizontally.
Close the image and when a dialog box will pops up asking if you want to save the changes that you have made to the image, click the Save button.

Repeat steps 1-3 again to flip the image horizontally again so that it looks the same as it was originally.

Look at the following picture:

Use CTRL + E to export. Then change the file extension for other OS.


How disable programmatically notebook built-in keyboard before login screen How can I disable a notebooks built-in keyboard - before the login screen.

I have a non functioning built-in keyboard on my notebook. In it's current state it types characters randomly. I am using an external keyboard, and would like to avoid problems logging in

I searched and found some solutions, like scripts - but I need one that works before the login screen.

Well, I could suggest a hardware-based solution. You could look up the laptop's manual, open it (screwdrivers, etc.), find the connector that links the in-built keyboard and the laptop's motherboard (on my HP dv3 this was relatively easy), and unplug it. Then you won't have any more inadvertent key presses. While you're at it, you could take out the keyboard and see if it's possible to clean it up to make it behave.

As for a software-based solution, you can put xinput set-int-prop 14 "Device Enabled" 8 0 (as per your current workaround) in /etc/rc.local. You need to insert your command in this file before exit 0. For details, see Is it possible to run a command before log in screen?.

It sounds like you have issues whit sticky keys, that prevents you from logging in. (if that's correct then your only option are to remove the keyboard, from your notebook.

Google: How to remove keyboard "REPLACE THIS WHIT YOUR COUPUTER MODELNAME".
And follow some guide its fairly simple.In most cases you don't even need to remove screws.
go to http://www.aliexpress.com/ and order your self an new keyboard for that computer, and while you wait for it connect a external USB keyboard to the computer, and your able to log in.

You should clarify if you'r able to log into the computer, remote access it whit SSH or VNC. (then it would be easier for others to explain to you what to do.

if your able to log in you can try to open an new terminal
type CTRL+ALT+T
and type in

sudo nano /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Add

i8042.nokbd

in the the end of the file, and save the file

CTRL+X (type Y) and enter

and type

sudo update-grub

In the terminal


Systemd unit fails to run a bash script which otherwise works I have the following script:

#!/bin/bash

echo "Merging pool...";

if !(mergerfs -o minfreespace=4G,defaults,allow_other,category.create=ff /media/pool/hdd1:/media/pool/hdd2:/media/pool/hdd4:/media/pool/hdd5 /media/pool/merged/)
then
        echo "Merging failed."
        exit 1;
fi

echo "Done";

exit 0;

It is saved in /home/me/scripts/mergePool.sh.
If I manually run the script like this: sudo ./mergePool.sh, it works fine

I made this unit in /etc/systemd/system/mergePool.service:

[Unit]
Description=Merge all pool drives into one big virtual drive

[Service]
Type=oneshot
ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/me/scripts/mergePool.sh

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

If I run the unit like this:

sudo systemctl start mergePool.service

It produces no error and it doesn't work at all.

This is the log:

sudo systemctl status mergePool.service
● mergePool.service - Merge all pool drives into one big virtual drive
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/systemd/system/mergePool.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
   Active: inactive (dead) since Sat 2020-02-29 12:26:07 CET; 6min ago
  Process: 2066 ExecStart=/bin/bash /home/me/scripts/mergePool.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 2066 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)

Feb 29 12:26:07 junkbox systemd[1]: Starting Merge all pool drives into one big virtual drive...
Feb 29 12:26:07 junkbox bash[2066]: Merging pool...
Feb 29 12:26:07 junkbox bash[2066]: Done
Feb 29 12:26:07 junkbox systemd[1]: Started Merge all pool drives into one big virtual drive.

This is quite confusing to me, why doesn't it work when the script is ran by systemd?

While I don't know why your script is failing, I do see a couple of things that should be fixed, which might get you closer to a solution even if they aren't the solution in and of themselves:

When launching an executable script that has a sha-bang specifying the appropriate shell/interpreter, as in your example, don't call /bin/bash explicitly when you want to run the script. Just call the script.
If and when you actually need to pass commands directly in a bash invokation, the syntax is /bin/bash -c "<commands to execute>". What your example is doing is first running /bin/bash with no arguments or commands, then (as a completely separate second command) running your script. In a oneshot type service that shouldn't actually break anything, but do keep in mind that oneshot is the only service type that allows more than one command in this way.
By wrapping a single command in a shell script in this context, all you really accomplish is making things opaque to systemd. Try simply putting your mergerfs command directly in the unit file's ExecStart= directive (you may need to enclose it in double quotes). That way systemd can capture mergerfs's exit status, and the journalctl log will contain any output and/or error messages produced by mergerfs. Then if it fails you should have some information as to why.

Note: For example, the .desktop files used for autostarting desktop goodies only accept one command. If you want to, say, autostart a program after a little delay, that one command could be /bin/bash -c "sleep 10; <program to launch>" It works because you're actually passing the double-quoted string of commands to bash as an argument, so the only command being run from the .desktop file is bash itself.

You should put the whole thing you want to run into an infinite loop without the exit code and a sleep 15 eg. to make the service ongoing.


Ubuntu 14.04 pyenv command not found Pardon if already duplicate but I tried combing through the forums but it seems I can't get anywhere.

I am trying to install pyenv in Ubuntu 14.04 by doing these steps.

INSTALL PYENV DEPENDENCIES

sudo apt-get install -y make build-essential libssl-dev zlib1g-dev libbz2-dev libreadline-dev libsqlite3-dev wget curl llvm git

DOWNLOAD AND INSTALL PYENV

curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/yyuu/pyenv-installer/master/bin/pyenv-installer | bash

YOU WILL SEE THIS MESSAGE

WARNING: seems you still have not added 'pyenv' to the load path.
Load pyenv automatically by adding
the following to ~/.bash_profile:

export PATH="$HOME/user/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"

eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

CLOSE TERMINAL WINDOW AND OPEN ANOTHER ONE

No command 'pyenv' found, did you mean:
 Command 'p7env' from package 'libnss3-tools' (main)
pyenv: command not found
No command 'pyenv' found, did you mean:
 Command 'p7env' from package 'libnss3-tools' (main)
pyenv: command not found
user@ubuntu:~$

Please help how I can identify what seems to be the problem since I tried putting the script in .bashrc and .profile and still when I issue pyenv after opening another terminal the command is still not found.

WHERE I INSTALLED PYENV.

user@ubuntu:~$ ls -la | grep pyenv
ls: cannot access .gvfs: Permission denied
drwxrwxr-x 10 user user 4096 Jan 28 06:40 .pyenv
user@ubuntu:~$ cd .pyenv
user@ubuntu:~/.pyenv$ ls -la
total 96
drwxrwxr-x 10 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 .
drwxr-xr-x 18 user user  4096 Jan 28 07:32 ..
drwxrwxr-x  2 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 bin
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user 12550 Jan 28 06:40 CHANGELOG.md
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user  7477 Jan 28 06:40 COMMANDS.md
drwxrwxr-x  2 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 completions
drwxrwxr-x  8 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 .git
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user    88 Jan 28 06:40 .gitignore
drwxrwxr-x  2 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 libexec
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user  1092 Jan 28 06:40 LICENSE
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user   285 Jan 28 06:40 Makefile
drwxrwxr-x  9 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 plugins
drwxrwxr-x  3 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 pyenv.d
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user 12420 Jan 28 06:40 README.md
drwxrwxr-x  2 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 src
drwxrwxr-x  3 user user  4096 Jan 28 06:40 test
-rw-rw-r--  1 user user   139 Jan 28 06:40 .travis.yml
user@ubuntu:~/.pyenv$ cd bin
user@ubuntu:~/.pyenv/bin$ ls -l
total 4
lrwxrwxrwx 1 user user  16 Jan 28 06:40 pyenv -> ../libexec/pyenv
-rwxrwxr-x 1 user user 731 Jan 28 06:40 python-local-exec
user@ubuntu:~/.pyenv/bin$

The instructions are a bit misleading because .bash_profile is only sourced when Bash is started with the --login option (e.g. from the console or ssh). However, .profile is always used, so it makes sense to place environment changes there.

Add the following to ~/.profile:

export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"

Open a new terminal window and your PATH variable will be correct to run pyenv.

Instead of using pyenv you can follow the steps in below.

After successfully installed pip in your Ubuntu machine run the following command:

pip3 install virtualenv

Once it is installed, check to verify that the installation has completed successfully:

virtualenv --version

If you get the output something similar 16.4.3 than you have successfully installed virtualenv.
Now run the following command to create a directory called new-dir, or another name of your choice. Then navigate to the directory.

mkdir new-dir
cd new-dir

Now create your virtual environment, named newENV or anything else:

virtualenv newENV

And activate the virtual environment

. env/bin/activate


Ubuntu Install doesn't see Windows 7 I have researched this and tried the suggested solutions and haven't been able to fix it in my case.

I have a Dell Inspriron 15 R SE.

It came pre-loaded with Windows 8. I booted into the BIOS and turned off EFI security and installed Windows 7 and I'm now trying to install Ubuntu in a dual boot situation.

When I run the installer it tells me there is no OS installed but, when I read up on this it says that you can run sudo os-prober or sudo WINOSDATA=true os-prober.

It finds my Windows 7 installation. However when I run WINOSDATA=true ubiquity,  I still get the message saying there is no OS installed.

I have split my 1TB drive putting aside a ext4 partition (about 350 gb) and a linux-swap partition (5 gb) for the installation, but it's only picking up the whole 1TB drive and not the two partitions I created and of course it doesn't see the windows installation.

edit: I have also ran gparted when booted into the live cd. It only sees my HD as one big 1TB partition. It does not see the swap partition or the ext4 partition I created nor does it mention anything about windows being installed

What else can I do to get Ubuntu installed? Thanks in advance!

I have never done this, but it may work.

When you boot with LiveCD, Click on the Software Centre icon and search for gparted.

When it is installed, run it by clicking the icon on the launcher and see what it shows there. If it shows the Windows partition and your partitions, all well and good, there is a problem with the installer. However, if it doesn't, Create your partitions here and start again.

There is a real problem with installing over Windows8 and to check that you have not missed anything, check here


Ubuntu 14.10 desktop missing bars When I start my laptop, I'm going to the BIOS settings and booting the laptop with Ubuntu 14.10, while the process, a message shows on a black screen, "…cant read pipe…" There's not enough time to read, but when the system starts, I can only see the desktop, the bars aren't there, I tried to boot as a guest and everything is fine.

Why is this happening?
I've tried to restart the computer (by taking the battery out), because it's the only way to restart…

I had a similar problem. My Guest account was unaffected but in my main account neither Dash nor Unity were visible, and the graphical interface didn't respond to any keystrokes though I could still switch to a TTY interface with Ctrl+Alt+F1.

Unity and Dash seemed to be corrupted in my main account. After trying everything else I found the solution here.

Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to get a command-line interface then reinstall the desktop and Unity:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install --reinstall ubuntu-desktop
sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity

If u still have the ubuntu dvd disk or usb drive, just insert it to the computer boot from the dvd or usb it will ask u to reformat or repair ubuntu or fix problem then click on the fix or repair follow the instruction untill it done, that how i get mine fix.


Amazon Fire 7 Tablet I have purchase a new tablet. Its a Amazon Fire 7, new generation 2017. Can I install ubuntu on my new Amazon Fire 7 tablet? And how.

Most likely, there is not. Ubuntu is (IIRC) not supported for mobile devices anymore (not even at all for tablets). I would not recommend trying to install desktop Ubuntu on it either due to desktop Ubuntu not being optimized for ARM tablets.


How to permanently disable sleep/suspend? Subtly broken is worse than frankly broken...

Background:

I already disabled suspend in System Settings -> Power.
The "Suspend" option still appears on the gear menu (not that I expected it to disappear), and the sleep (moon) button on my keyboard still triggers suspend.
The options in #1 are, as others have pointed out, just too easy to hit by mistake once every month or so.
It seems like 1% of platforms get suspend right, because some driver engineer somewhere forgot to check that PCIe or IO space register X gets restored when upon wake. So it's worse than broken: everything usually looks fine after waking up, only it's not. And hopefully none of those corrupted registers affects reliability in a creeping manner, like ECC configuration or storage FIFO depth. But they usually do, in one form or another, which is one reason, for example, why errata against graphics drivers continue infinitely, years after they debut on the market ("graphics chip X hangs an hour after resuming from suspend blah blah blah").
There should be an automated test to see what registers change across a sleep cycle, but few vendors have such a test. The test is complicated somewhat by the fact that some registers are expected to change, such as timers. And worse, sometimes you have to read registers in a certain order or with a particular granularity, or by first writing a read index somewhere else. So this process cannot be centralized at a convenient place in the industry, like Canonical's offices. It's really and truly hopeless unless PCIe is redefined in such a manner that makes comparison easy, which it won't be.
The magical test suite in #5 will never be written because of the chaotic state of driver development. Hence in the absence of that, my question.
I'm so desperate that I don't mind hacking on /etc/whatever_suspend_file, but it would be nice if there were a "polite" way to do this, like that nonexistent checkbox in System Settings -> Power that says "Permanently disable suspend because it was ill-conceived from day one."
NB: I'm not talking about hibernation here, which shouldn't suffer from the problems above because it involves a power cycle. Although in principle, restoring registers from permanent storage could have similar problems.

According to the Debian Wiki, you can also disable it via systemd like so:

sudo systemctl mask sleep.target suspend.target hibernate.target hybrid-sleep.target

While I have done this on my machine, I can't attest to its effectiveness. Not brave enough to try it out intentionally.

GUI

Have you looked at:

System -> Preferences -> Power Management

On AC Power Tab, Put computer to sleep when inactive for: "Never"

Terminal

Can you open up "gconf-editor"?

Look in: /apps/gnome-power-manager/timeout

Try setting sleep_computer_ac to 0

I'm not positive if anything else needs to be changed as well.

Get also a look here.


Connecting Mobile Broadband and WIFI simultaneously on Ubuntu OS Ubuntu 14.04.

Objective: wwan0 is my Broadband Connection - want to use to connect to intranet only (corporate network)

wlan0 is my WIFI connection - want to use to connect to internet only

I am using NM and able to connect to both networks simultaneously.

Problem:

When I check "Use this connection only for resources on its network" for WIFI (wlan0), I can only access intranet.

output of route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         10.103.6.66     0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wwan0
10.0.0.0        *               255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0
10.103.a.bc     *               255.255.255.192 U     13     0        0 wwan0

When I check "Use this connection only for resources on its network" for Mobile Broadband (wwan0), I can only access internet.

output of route

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
default         10.0.0.2        0.0.0.0         UG    0      0        0 wlan0
10.0.0.0        *               255.255.255.0   U     9      0        0 wlan0
10.103.d.ef     *               255.255.255.192 U     13     0        0 wwan0

How/What do I configure so that I can achieve my objective? viz, use WIFI for internet and Mobile BB for intranet

I have solved the problem and have met my objectives.

I am using the hint provided to me by Pilot6.

By using a script I am able to identify the default route that is assigned when connecting to wwan0 something like :

IP=$(nmcli dev list iface ttyACM1 | awk '/gw =/ { print $7 }')

I then use the default route to set routes for specific IP addresses on the intranet.

route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.0.0.0 gw $IP

etc

All other traffic is then routed via wlan0.

Well theoretically, you can't connect to two networks simultaneously. But there are tools like Connectify dispatcher that let you combine two connections.  Have a look here


Cannot install Ubuntu in VirtualBox due to "this kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detects an i686 CPU, unable to boot" error I was trying to install Ubuntu 12.04 in VirtualBox 4.2.12r84980. I see

this kernel requires an x86-64 CPU, but only detects an i686 CPU, unable to boot

But I am using a 64 bit Windows 8, and trying same .iso for trying Ubuntu. Then what is the problem?

To be able to run a 64-bit OS in Virtual Box we have to make sure the virtual machine's architecture is set to 64-bit too.

Choose Ubuntu 64-bit in General -> Basic settings on creation of your VM

In addition, for running 64-bit guests it is recommended to enable the Input/Output APIC in the System -> Motherboard settings for your virtual machine:

In the System -> Acceleration tab we may want to enable the hardware virtualization features VT-x/AMD-V of your CPU.

On the host system we may have to enable hardware virtualization in the BIOS.

In some systems a host BIOS option to prevent non-trusted execution needs to be turned off (source).

vboxmanage createvm --name "ubuntu" --ostype Ubuntu_64 --register

or if you have already created then,

vboxmanage modifyvm --ostype Ubuntu_64

To list all the ostype: http://zeblog.co/?p=390


Install jitsi from PPAs? I cannot find the PPA sources for the voice/video and instant messenger chat jitsi.

How do I install it with apt?

apt-get install jitsi

Note:

You SHOULD NOT manually add Jitsi to your sources list because that would cause GPG Error Warnings! The Jitsi installation would automatically update your repositories.

Instead just download the Ubuntu .deb package, that will add the correct GPG Keys for you.
see: https://jitsi.org/Main/DebianRepository

If you still want to do it manually, you would have to add a file in

/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jitsi.list

with the content

deb http://download.jitsi.org/deb unstable/

Then you can install it with apt:

sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get install jitsi

It's in the Ubuntu Software Centre, and you can easily install it from there.


How do I get nvidia drivers working on an Ideapad z570? I have a Lenovo z570 i3, Ive installed the packages available for nvidia and my graphics card is still not recognised?

It displays the following error upon trying to configure it

  You do not appear to be using the NVIDIA X driver. Please edit your X configuration file and restart the X server

Any ideas?

You laptop has a hybrid card, you have a intel + nvidia card running in your system, the drivers you are installing for you nvidia are not working correctly because they are not being loaded on startup.

You Intel card is running as primary so you have 2 options:

1) If you BIOS allows to turn off the Intel card and leave the nVidia one running then the drivers will work correctly;

2) Use software that enables you to use some functions of your nVidia card, its called Bumblebee and its largelly discussed on use/installation, etc, on the site.

Under the 11.04 and laters the default driver for the Nvidia cards are the nouveau but they can't be installed on the same machine with the official nvidia driver, so you have to purge that package before installing the nvidia closed source driver.

sudo apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau

after that install the driver trough jockey-gtk ( "Additional drivers" dialog )

gksudo jockey-gtk

After that you can manage your configuration files with the nvidia-settings package, so install it with

sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

and start the control panel with

gksudo nvidia-settings

this is the right procedure in a nutshell, looking at your report you probably miss the config files so if you do not want to do by hand install and use the nvidia-settings utility.


Moving banshee to a new PC I have searched and found a few answers on this topic but they do not answer my question:

Moving Banshee music to another computer
How do I backup my Banshee listening history?
How do I export banshee library settings to another machine?

I have just got an SSD HDD and have performed a totally fresh ubuntu install. I am manually transferring the settings of programs I want. I have been saving metadata to files but this is insufficient as it has not worked for all album art and has not saved scores and "date added" paramters used in banshee.

I have copied banshee-1 into the new install, and banshee now loads with all the files, scores, "date added" and playlists etc but:

My music is mounted at /media/sda2/guy/Music on the old install and this is where banshee is looking for it, but this location is now called
/media/pc-user/0391a5db-61d8-4c3d-b633-59c710ed4386/guy/Music

How can I fix this? I tried renaming the mount point in "Disks" but this gives a mount error for sda2 on boot.

Additionally, with the files not found as they are, banshee is not displaying album art - is it not stored in banshee-1?

Thanks

I had the same issue and found this article that solved my problem.

Quoting:

  So, long story short, to change the location of your music files in
  the Banshee database, here’s what you do (close Banshee first):

sudo aptitude install sqlitebrowser
sqlitebrowser ~/.config/banshee-1/banshee.db

  Now change to the tab labelled “Execute SQL” and write something like
  the following:

update CoreTracks set Uri = replace(Uri, '/home/<olduser>', '/home/<newuser>');
update PodcastEnclosures set LocalPath = replace(LocalPath, '/home/<olduser>', '/home/<newuser>');

  You are now done and can start Banshee again :)

Then i copied my album art from ~/.cache/media-art


Creating a startup disk on a partition of a USB drive I have a 32 GB USB pendrive which I'd like to use as both a startup/installation disk for Ubuntu, and for regular file storage/transfer purposes. Since the Ubuntu installation stuff only needs a little under 3 GB, I thought this would be no problem, but it has turned out to be harder than I thought.

My plan was to create two partitions on the drive - one 4GB that I can wipe at any time and use for installation media, and one with the rest of the space that I can use for data (and won't have to wipe when I create a new installation disk). Creating the partitions posed no problems - gparted did that without complaining - but installing the Ubuntu installation stuff has turned out to be harder than I thought.

In the "Startup Disc Creator" program, I can't select the USB drive's partiions individually - just the entire drive. And if I don't press "Erase disk", I'm not allowed to start the installation. I've tried setting the "boot" flag on the partition I want to use, but it didn't matter. It seems the startup disc creator program isn't "partition aware" - is it? Or do I need to do this with another program?

Is there a way that I can create a bootable USB drive where just one partition is used for the installation media? How?

I had the same problem. I had a USB Hard drive that had some data on it but was about 80% free that I wanted to use to test out Live CDs on. But the “Startup Disk Creator” would only recognise the disk as a whole and wanted me to erase it, despite it having three partitions (two of which were empty and Ext file systems).

I found a way around this however. I used GParted to delete and recreate the two empty partitions but this time making them FAT32 partitions (the same as the first partition) and also making them both Primary partitions. Once this was done the Startup Disk Creator recognised all three partitions and I was able to use one of them to create a Startup Disk, whilst keeping my content on the first partition. I am not sure why this worked, but it did.

I hope this is of help to people.

I used NetBootin to install to the partition I wanted. My Data partition was NTFS and my Ubuntu partition was ext2, but you could probably use ext4. UnetBootin didn't even acknowkledge the NTFS partition, and instead automatically selected the ext2 partition, and install went well. The Boot Disc Creator didnt work for me either.


Is there any web browser with NPAPI plugins support? As per this article, Mozilla has dropped the support of NPAPI plugins from Mozilla Firefox version 52. Is there any web browser with NPAPI plugin support? I have to use a website frequently, which uses Oracle Java plugin. I'm using Ubuntu 16.04 64 bit with Java JDK 8u121.
Helps are much appreciated. Thanks.
Edit1: After 3 years of asking this question, Java plugin still works fine in Palemoon v28.9.2-1 64 bit on Ubuntu 20.04 LTS. Java version is JRE 8u251 64 bit
Edit2: As of 20th October 2020, Oracle completely removed Java Plugin from 8u271 JRE and JDK packages mentioned in this article. But 8u261 or prior versions works just fine.

The Pale Moon web browser is an interesting option. In the document Pale Moon future roadmap they make this statement:

"Pale Moon supports NPAPI plug-ins. Unlike Firefox, we will not be deprecating or removing support for these kinds of plug-ins. This means that you will be able to continue using your media, authentication, and other plug-ins in Pale Moon like Flash, Silverlight, bank-authenticators or networking plug-ins for specific purposes."

You have two options by the moment.

Basilisk

http://basilisk-browser.org/

Waterfox

https://www.waterfoxproject.org/