Command that exits with zero status (not /bin/true)? I've got a Makefile that runs a tool that takes a little while; it allows me to replace the command used:

make TOOL=alternative-tool

I'd like to skip that step in the Makefile, so I'm looking for a command that exits with status 0, and that has negligible side-effects.

Obviously, I could just use true, but that's kinda confusing:

make TOOL=true

That reads as if I want to run the tool, but I don't.

Is there a default-installed executable that isn't /bin/true that exits with status 0, and that has a catchy and easy to type name?

Even though you've asked for something that is "not /bin/true", replacing true with the full name /bin/true to show that it is the true program rather than some other meaning of "true" is probably the best solution.

Your concern is that the true in

make TOOL=true

appears to be something other than a command name. But if you write

make TOOL=/bin/true

then that is unambiguously a command. Somebody might misread TOOL=true to mean that some other tool somewhere is intended, but no such misreading of TOOL=/bin/true is likely.

I am unsure as to when :, which is a shell builtin but not an external command, will work. Henning Makholm has reported that it appears to work. But I think it does not work in all situations, and you found that it did not work for you.

As for a shell alias, you cannot use that because alias expansion is not performed in the arguments you pass to a command, nor do makefiles make any use of previously defined shell aliases. Even if make runs your commands in a new shell, that shell will not have the alias (and would not use it even if it did have it, because it would be a noninteractive shell, where alias expansion is not automatically enabled).

Here's a way to do it with slightly more characters:

function T() { /bin/true; }

After you've done it once you can re-execute it just by using the name T.

false; T; echo $?


Oracle 12c Installation Error: "Exception ... Could not initialize class sun.awt.X11.XToolkit" I have been trying to install oracle 12 c on Ubuntu 14.10 but facing the below mentioned error.Could some one please check this and advise me how to fix this error?

Checking Temp space: must be greater than 500 MB.   Actual 429214 MB    Passed
Checking swap space: must be greater than 150 MB.   Actual 4041 MB    Passed
Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors
    >>> Could not execute auto check for display colors using command /usr/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set.    Failed <<<<

Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before

continuing with the installation,

Continue? (y/n) [n] Y

>>> Ignoring required pre-requisite failures. Continuing...
Preparing to launch Oracle Universal Installer from /tmp/OraInstall2014-10-27_11-15-08PM. Please wait ...oracle@v3nky-HP-Pavilion-dv6-Notebook-PC:~$ No protocol specified
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class sun.awt.X11.XToolkit
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:171)
    at java.awt.Toolkit$2.run(Toolkit.java:834)
    at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
    at java.awt.Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit(Toolkit.java:826)
    at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.isLowResolution(LookUtils.java:484)
    at com.jgoodies.looks.LookUtils.<clinit>(LookUtils.java:249)
    at com.jgoodies.looks.plastic.PlasticLookAndFeel.<clinit>(PlasticLookAndFeel.java:135)
    at java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method)
    at java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:249)
    at javax.swing.SwingUtilities.loadSystemClass(SwingUtilities.java:1852)
    at javax.swing.UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.java:557)
    at oracle.install.commons.util.Application.startup(Application.java:792)
    at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:181)
    at oracle.install.commons.flow.FlowApplication.startup(FlowApplication.java:198)
    at oracle.install.commons.base.driver.common.Installer.startup(Installer.java:355)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.startup(DBInstaller.java:130)
    at oracle.install.ivw.db.driver.DBInstaller.main(DBInstaller.java:161)

Check if some JDK is installed in your system:

$ java -version

Installing JDK 7 solved my problem:

$ sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre-headless

If the problem persists, log as root, then execute:

$ xhost +

Switch back to another user and run installation again.

Solution, copy the file:

cp /root/.Xauthority /home/grid/.Xauthority

Insure that the user can read & write to the file by:

chmod 600 /home/grid/.Xauthority
chown grid /home/grid/.Xauthority


Nvidia GeForce 7100 GS drivers on Ubuntu 14.04 I have this old computer with this graphic card and I installed Ubuntu because it is lighter than Windows systems but I cant watch videos fluidly.

So I tried to install the propietary drivers of nvidia (304, 331...) and no one appears to work.
Every time I install one of this drivers I get black screen after log in so I have to uninstall nvidia* and reconfigure xserver.

So, there is any solution?

According to nvidia, you are supposed to be using driver 304.

First, purge any existing configuration:

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Then, install the correct driver:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-304

In the terminal (press Ctrl+Alt+T to open it or Ctrl+Alt+F1) run this

 sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
 sudo reboot

This will remove any installed nvidia drivers.

Then install the new drivers

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-361
sudo reboot

361 is the latest version of nvidia graphics and it should properly. try this


Problem with dual booting Ubuntu and Windows 8 I have got a new Lenovo y510p with 8.1, When I tried to install Ubuntu, It did not detect the USB. So I changed the boot mode to legacy and selected priority to legacy first. Before that I had also disabled the secure boot option.

Everything went well. But booting windows from grub wont' work and I had to change the boot every time whenever I want to use windows. So I installed boot repair and did recommended repair. It screwed everything and Ubuntu won't boot now.

So I decided to remove windows totally and start afresh

I installed Ubuntu removing windows completely creating some 10 partitions. Now When I try to install windows 8.1 it says windows can't be installed in GPT style partition. Some forums suggested that it is due to booting in legacy mode. So I changed the boot mode to UEFI. After this The BIOS won't detect my hard disk or USB stick. But the BIOS information page shows the hard disk is present. But booting won't work. It's trying to boot from network.

Please help me

You need to install both your OSes in one mode -- either BIOS or EFI. Decide which to use and stick to it. Unfortunately, this can be tricky, since it's sometimes hard to control the boot mode. You can at least check this detail in Linux by looking for a directory called /sys/firmware/efi -- if it's present, you've booted in EFI mode, and if it's absent you've probably booted in BIOS mode. Trying to mix boot modes (BIOS for one OS, EFI for the other) can be done, but is almost always more trouble than it's worth.

Windows ties boot mode to partition table type: To install to a GPT disk, you must install in EFI mode, and to install to an MBR disk, you must install in BIOS mode.

Thus:

Decide whether you want to use BIOS or EFI.
Partition your disk appropriately.
Install Windows, being sure to boot your installation medium in the correct boot mode.
Install Ubuntu, being sure to boot your installation medium in the correct boot mode.

Do not do a cross-mode installation except as a last resort.

For more on EFI-mode Linux installations, see the following sites:

My page on EFI-mode Linux installations
The Ubuntu community wiki on the topic

Once you know the rules and pitfalls, this isn't too hard. Unfortunately, there's a lot of flexibility, insufficient warnings in the Ubuntu installer to prevent you from making mistakes, and lots of bugs in EFI implementations that provoke making mistakes.

Hello as a generic type answer here we go...!
Win 8 is (I believe) exclusively uefi boot and it is Windows which causes the problems. One of these problems is that it always requires the first partions on the first disk to run/load. The second problem is that it does not recognise Linux partitions and may not see extended partitions at all [that's by the by].
So you will need to load Win again, mainly if not exclusively to your first partitions. Then you will have to reload Ubuntu, possibly after reading the notes about uefi dual booting.
Feel free to completely delete this answer if my lack of actual Win 8 knowledge is too awful to view!


2nd monitor not working Ubuntu 20.04. not shown in display settings I recently had to do a reinstall of Ubuntu 20.04 after a hard drive fail.
after many attempts previously I was able to get my 2nd monitor working, but unfortunately I didn't document the exact thing I did for it to work.
I'm now faced with the same problem. I can't get my second monitor working
I have spent all day googling the issue and following various suggestions like last time but to no avail, and it's really getting on my nerves.
My computer is new, my monitors are new, and the cables work.

I had a similiar problem, where there was only one possible resolution. Sadly during the last update my nvidia-driver completely broke. In my case I reinstalled my whole Ubuntu, but you should first try to find out, if it's a driver problem (even though those seem to be rare with Ubuntu)
I ran
sudo ubuntu-drivers devices

and either you install the one you want by hand:
sudo apt install (your driver)

or you let the system install the recommended ones:
sudo ubuntu-drivers autoinstall

If you installed any new drivers, do reboot afterwards!
I hope this helps a little bit!
Best wishes,
Lennart


Netplan configuration is not persistent I have configured my network interfaces in my Ubuntu bionic (18.04) server using netplan, and afterwords I ran netplan apply and the configuration kicked in.
In particular, I configured the DNS servers, and my server did resolved ips with the nameservers I configured in my netplan configuration.

But, after reboot, the configuration didn't last and any resolving was by default to the 127.0.0.53 nameserver. Only after running netplan apply the configuration kicked in again.

How can I make the netplan configuration persistent to reboots?

Output of cat /etc/*-release:

DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS"
NAME="Ubuntu"
VERSION="18.04.2 LTS (Bionic Beaver)"
ID=ubuntu
ID_LIKE=debian
PRETTY_NAME="Ubuntu 18.04.2 LTS"
VERSION_ID="18.04"
HOME_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/"
SUPPORT_URL="https://help.ubuntu.com/"
BUG_REPORT_URL="https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/"
PRIVACY_POLICY_URL="https://www.ubuntu.com/legal/terms-and-policies/privacy-policy"
VERSION_CODENAME=bionic
UBUNTU_CODENAME=bionic

Output of cat /etc/network/interfaces:

# ifupdown has been replaced by netplan(5) on this system.  See
# /etc/netplan for current configuration.
# To re-enable ifupdown on this system, you can run:
#    sudo apt install ifupdown

My netplan yaml files:

10-nameservers.yaml:

network:
    version: 2
    ethernets:
        ens160:
            nameservers:
                addresses: [127.0.0.1]

50-cloud-init.yaml

# This file is generated from information provided by
# the datasource.  Changes to it will not persist across an instance.
# To disable cloud-init's network configuration capabilities, write a file
# /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following:
# network: {config: disabled}
network:
    ethernets:
        ens160:
            addresses: []
            dhcp4: true
            dhcp-identifier: mac
    version: 2

interfaces_ens160.yaml

network:
  ethernets:
    ens160:
      addresses: [172.16.0.1/16]
      dhcp4: 'no'
      dhcp6: 'no'
      gateway4: 172.16.100.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [10.0.0.8, 8.8.8.8, 10.15.0.18]
  version: 2

You have conflicting .yaml files.

Rename all of the existing .yaml files

sudo mv /etc/netplan/10-nameservers.yaml /etc/netplan/10-nameservers.yaml.HOLD
sudo mv /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml /etc/netplan/50-cloud-init.yaml.HOLD
sudo mv /etc/netplan/interfaces_ens160.yaml /etc/netplan/interfaces_ens160.yaml.HOLD

Create a new .yaml file

sudo pico /etc/netplan/config.yaml with the following contents... with exact indentation, spacing, and no tabs...

network:
  version: 2
  renderer: networkd
  ethernets:
    ens160:
      addresses: [172.16.0.1/16]
      gateway4: 172.16.100.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [10.0.0.8, 8.8.8.8, 10.15.0.18]

Generate new files

sudo netplan --debug generate # generate config files

sudo netplan apply # apply config

reboot # reboot the server

Ok - I did exactly as advised by @heynnema to configure a static ip and here's what I get after reboot:
neilp@Lubuntu:~$ ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
*2: enp3s0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 44:87:fc:5a:92:73 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.199/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global enp3s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.0.214/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global secondary enp3s0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 2c0f:f5f0:40e0:60:4687:fcff:fe5a:9273/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
   valid_lft 2591931sec preferred_lft 604731sec
inet6 fe80::4687:fcff:fe5a:9273/64 scope link
   valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever*

192.168.0.214  is the desired static ip address but the 192.168.0.199/24 address is from dhcp and it seems to be because for some reason the system continually regenerates the file /run/netplan/enp3s0.yaml with the following contents:
network:
version: 2
renderer: networkd
ethernets:
enp3s0:

  dhcp4: true

  dhcp-identifier: mac

  critical: true

  nameservers:

    addresses: ["192.168.0.1"]

It does not help to delete this file because it just regenerates after reboot.


Nvidia Powermizer Performance Levels Is there anyway to configure Nvidia Powerimizer performance levels?  My current setup has 3 power levels with the lowest one being 50mhz.  The problem with this it that it lags compiz when it goes to the lowest performance level 0.  Minimizing, maximizing, dragging windows, etc. are all sluggish when it's at the lowest level.  Once powermizer leaves level 0 everything is very smooth and runs great.

Is there anyway for me to remove level 0 and just run Level the two higher levels 1/2?  I don't want to complete disable powermizer, but I can't stand the lagging once powermizer goes into performance level 0.  Setting the option "prefer maximum performance" fixes the problem as it disables powermizer, but the GPU is overkill at stock speeds for most desktop use @ 850mhz.

intel i5 2500k
asus gene-z z68
evga 560ti fpb (driver 295.40)
ubuntu 12.04 LTS x64

You can configure Powermizer via Xorg config options, as described here. I remember reading about these options in the documentation (select your version and click on "See the README for more detailed instructions." on the next page), but I'm currently not able to find the right chapter.

Adding this option to your xorg.conf device section might work for you:

Option     "RegistryDwords" "PowerMizerLevel=0x2" "PowerMizerLevelAC=0x2"

This is apparently a hardware architecture problem on nVidia cards up through the 500 series. When driving dual displays, the card will always run in high-power mode.

Cards of the 600 series and newer apparently do not suffer from this problem.

Citation :

http://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/3017/~/gpu-runs-at-a-high-performance-level%28full-clock-speeds%29-in-multi-display-modes


Server 12.04 - Secondary IP won't route outside of local network I am using Ubuntu 12.04 as the platform for a VirtualMin installation which will host multiple websites for the same organization. For this, I need to bind multiple IP addresses in the same subnet to the server and I am having problems doing so.

I can bind the extra addresses either by using additional virtual nics (it is a vm) or by using virtual interfaces of one nic. In both cases the additional addresses ping just fine from any host on the local network, but only the primary nic can be pinged from any remote network. The behavior is just like what would happen if you configured a single nic with no gateway so I imagine this is an issue with the routing table, but I just can't produce a working config. Can anyone please take a look at my config and possibly point me in the right direction?

/etc/network/interfaces

# The loopback network interface
auto lo eth0 eth0:0
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
iface eth0 inet static
        address 10.192.3.104
        netmask 255.255.224.0
        gateway 10.192.0.1
        broadcast 10.192.31.255
        network 10.192.0.0
        dns-nameservers 10.192.0.210 10.192.0.198 127.0.0.1

iface eth0:0 inet static
        address 10.192.30.52
        netmask 255.255.224.0

route -n

Kernel IP routing table
Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags Metric Ref    Use Iface
0.0.0.0         10.192.0.1      0.0.0.0         UG    100    0        0 eth0
10.192.0.0      0.0.0.0         255.255.224.0   U     0      0        0 eth0

Maybe a bit of a long shot, but have you tried enabling ipv4 forwarding? I don't know the details of IP chains, but it could be that the reply to a ping on the eth0:0 interface needs a 'forward' via the eth0, in particular when it needs routing.

# echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Or

# sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

And if it works, put it in /etc/sysctl.conf.

A couple of things lead me to focus on the server side and not the network side.

First of all, a Windows server in the same network can have a secondary address added and immediately communicate in exactly the same way the Ubuntu server can't.

Also, no secondary address can be pinged. To use your example, I could change the final octet of the secondary address to be one higher than the primary with the same problem. For example 10.192.10.138 / 139 still has the same issue.

I have run tcpdump and observe that the primary shows both the incoming icmp request and outgoing reply. Pings to the ip address of the secondary only show the incoming. The outgoing appears to be dropped. For example

16:10:08.149550  In 00:1f:27:40:04:00 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.1.0.200 > 10.192.10.138: ICMP echo request, id 64546, seq 6, length 64
16:10:08.149571 Out 00:50:56:be:0a:89 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.192.10.138 > 10.1.0.200: ICMP echo reply, id 64546, seq 6, length 64
16:10:09.145736  In 00:1f:27:40:04:00 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.1.0.200 > 10.192.10.138: ICMP echo request, id 64546, seq 7, length 64
16:10:09.145759 Out 00:50:56:be:0a:89 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.192.10.138 > 10.1.0.200: ICMP echo reply, id 64546, seq 7, length 64
16:10:38.055885  In 00:1f:27:40:04:00 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.1.0.200 > 10.192.10.185: ICMP echo request, id 12835, seq 1, length 64
16:10:39.055943  In 00:1f:27:40:04:00 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.1.0.200 > 10.192.10.185: ICMP echo request, id 12835, seq 2, length 64
16:10:40.056085  In 00:1f:27:40:04:00 ethertype IPv4 (0x0800), length 100: 10.1.0.200 > 10.192.10.185: ICMP echo request, id 12835, seq 3, length 64

But where does this lead me to investigate next?


How to setup OpenVPN Client I'm trying to setup OpenVPN using NetworkManager. The GUI seems buggy and unresponsive. Are there any other tools for setting up a VPN client?

Yes, you can use OpenVPN directly. This way you can use more settings as well.

First you need the openvpn package:

sudo apt-get install openvpn

Then you can connect like this:

sudo openvpn --config /path/to/config.ovpn

The sudo is important because OpenVPN won't be able to connect otherwise (I think because it has to change the routes).

If you don't want to involve Network Manager, this git repository has a simple script that does the whole job very well using an interactive session with less than half-a dozen questions. See docs in download.

https://github.com/Nyr/openvpn-install.git


Why there is no option to enable silent automatic updates of Ubuntu, apps and PPA? Apple MacOs, Android and MS Windows have the ability to do all system updates and applications silently. Ubuntu can do security updates silently and allows us to do for softwares too, but we have to modify the system by working with the terminal and know the right procedure, as here: Silent updates . However, Ubuntu does not allow to choose this possibility in its parameters, such as a simple checkbox: "Enable all updates of Ubuntu, softwares and PPA silently (Yes / No).

Why make this important task so difficult for non-expert users?

Because updates can break your system/alter it's behaviour. If you don't have a clue how to edit some text files or about the terminal, you most likely don't know about recovery either. Also there is no need to update something that's not security critical if it works fine.


"'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost'" when trying to do commands The other day I was using MySQL on my local database fine from the terminal. However, when I rebooted the next day and tried to use it, I get the following error for just about EVERYTHING related to MySQL.

mysqladmin: connect to server at 'localhost' failed
error: 'Access denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (using password: NO)'

I have been going at this for a couple hours now.

May be you need to reset mysql root password:

Change /etc/mysql/my.cnf configuration file and add skip-grant-tables:

[mysqld]

skip-grant-tables

Restart service, and login with root without password, then change the root password:

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('your_new_password');

Remove skip-grant-tables entry from my.cnf and restart mysql.

As you are new to Linux. Try reading these articles (this and this one too) related to MySQL installation. This will help you understand meaning and reason behind each command which you are using.


Ubuntu 20.04 on ThinkPad T14 gen 1 amd I install the Ubuntu 20.04 on ThinkPad T14 gen 1 amd version, I met bellow issues:

the HDMI output seems not function, so I can't share my screen during presentation;
I use a vpn software electron-ssr, not able to start in Ubuntu 20.04;
some application is not available since the qt4 is removed.

Any suggestion?
I can see there is a certification for Ubuntu 18.04 and ThinkPad T14 gen1 Intel version, where can I get the image and is it also available for AMD version?
Thanks.

I have the same issue with hdmi port. When I plug a screen on it, there is nothing. were you able to get a screen to work on the hdmi port?
EDIT: Ok i've found the solution, you have to update the kernel, ubuntu 20.04 comes with old kernel, so update it to 5.8 :
https://linuxhint.com/update_ubuntu_kernel_20_04/

Your certification is here certification.ubuntu.comPerhaps edit yoiur question and ask the 3 questions separately so you have a better chance of some answers.


What to do?! Upgrading from 12.10 to 13.04 failed :( I got an update reminder to go from 12.10 to 13.04.
I followed the instructions, was able to download the package, and started installing.
Up to a point where my computer (seemed to) restart and there was just a black screen (with the backlight on) for more than an hour.
Then I decided that this was too long for an installation and forced my laptop to shut down.
I think that messed it up.

Now I'm stuck in what seems to be 13.04 with bits of 12.10 in it. I tried to upgrade again through software updater but it goes to Partial Upgrade. But when I try that, I get this error message:

"An upgrade from 'raring' to 'quantal' is not supported by this tool."

Help! What should I do!

I'm running my Ubuntu on my Dell Inspiron.

Failed upgrades often lead to broken package systems.

Run the following commands in a terminal:

sudo dpkg --configure -a
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -f
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
sudo dpkg --configure -a

That should fix any package problems you are having, if that doesn't work then please post the output.

I would definitely run these commands to see if it will fix it before considering a fresh re-install. Though if these commands do not fix your problem then a re-install is the way you might have to go.

boot up using usb and latest version. once in, do an install by double click/clicking icon for upgrade. then it will tel you there already is a version. then choose upgrade. bam


Trying to install Ubuntu Server as RAID 1, leads to "ValueError: Failed to find storage volume" I have 2 M.2 NVMe disks on a server that I'd like to setup as a RAID 1 for an Ubuntu Server installation. I was following these two guides (first and second) but will explain the steps I did and the resulting error.
A few things to note: These drives are working - both have held operating systems and functioned perfectly. I also first attempted the installation with Ubuntu Server 21.04. After it failed there, I moved to Ubuntu Server 20.04.2 and had the exact same issue.

I booted the installer, chose default configurations all the way up to the "Use entire disk or custom?" section. From there I chose "custom" installation and set up a simple layout:

Both disks were formatted.
Both disks marked as bootable drives.
I added 1 unformatted partition to the both disks that used the entire disk space.
I created a RAID group, using those two unformatted partitions as /dev/md0
I formatted /dev/md0 as ext4 and mounted it to /
I hit Done and let the installation proceed.
After about 5-10 minutes, it fails with the error: ValueError: Failed to find storage volume id='disk-nvme1n1'

You can watch my video showing the error log here. Around 1:28 is where I start focusing on the error output.

Extra information that could be relevant?

M.2 Drives are XPG GAMMIX S50 Lite 2TB.
Motherboard is Asus ROG Zenith II Extreme Alpha
Processor is AMD Ryzen Threadripper 3970x

This is somewhat solved?
My "solution" was to only create a partition at / that was 10GB instead of 1.86TB and that somehow let the installer make it all the way through (did the operation time out before? Had the drive become overworked and just quit? I'm unsure) I plan on expanding the storage now while I'm booted into the machine.
At the same time I also did this so unsure if it's part of the solution but sharing just in case: While booting the Ubuntu server installer, in the grub boot menu, I chose "Boot and Install with the HWE kernel".

I hope that helps anyone who runs into the same issue.

Looking through the spec sheet for the hardware, it looks like the NVMe devices are not compatible with the TRX40 chipset on the motherboard. Just about every article I see online about the NVMe drives is using an X570-based Ryzen setup, and the Amazon link you provided states that it’s best to use an X570 chipset.
If it’s at all possible to test the RAID setup with a different pair of NVMe devices, this may confirm a compatibility issue.


How to auto mount partition on startup in Xubuntu? I want to auto mount all my partitions on startup. This is how my /etc/fstab file looks like:

proc    /proc   proc    nodev,noexec,nosuid     0       0
#Entry for /dev/sda1 :
UUID=3bf842ea-923b-43fe-b5f9-066fc920aaec       /       ext4    errors=remount-$
#Entry for /dev/sdb1 :
UUID=F0C859BDC8598330   /media/Bas      ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8    $
#Entry for /dev/sda3 :
UUID=146213A76D02F7AD   /media/sda3     ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8    $
UUID=1C33A98704D941F1   /media/sda3     ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8    $
#Entry for /dev/sda5 :
UUID=ba48c631-5652-4ce7-85a3-bda96b353ca7       none    swap    sw      0      $

The last line I added myself manually. Can anyone help me with this?

You have duplicated lines for the same mount point
/media/sda3 appears two times.
Try creating a new mount point like /media/newdisk
and put it in  your /etc/fstab
I'm taking your input as example, if /media/sda3 works, so should this line.

UUID=1C33A98704D941F1   /media/newdisk     ntfs-3g defaults,locale=en_US.UTF-8    $

This question is asked and published on a lot of websites and forums.
Also, fstab is Linux related, not Xubuntu especific.


Is there a way to change the screen resolution? I have an Acer Aspire one, with screen resolution of 1024x600. Standard monitor resolution that is closest to this is 1024x768.  Is there a way to "compress" a programs output to the screen (assuming it wants to display on a 1024x768 screen) so that it is viewable on a non standard resolution (1024x600)

The problem I have is that Citrix is trying to use 1024x768 but my screen is 1024x600. This ends up cutting off the bottom 168 pixels at the bottom of the image.  Often this makes the Citrix program unusable since many GUI forms have buttons somewhere in this cutoff area.  Is there a way to fix this?

There is no fix AFAIK. But you can usually drag the window keeping ALT pressed, clicking on any place of the window and dragging the mouse. That way you can reach the part of the screen that are hidden. Not exactly a great solution, but useful for occasional use.

Try this :

Run regedit. regedit can be found in the Windows folder
Highlight the highest tree level (Computer)
Search for "Display1_DownScalingSupported" and changed it from "0" to "1"
Restart the system.
Enjoy the two new resolutions: 1024×768 px and 1152×864


DSL connection setup in Ubuntu 16.04 How can I set up my DSL connection on Ubuntu 16.04? The way I set up a DSL connection in Ubuntu 14.04 is not working in Ubuntu 16.04.

I solved my problem through following steps:

go to terminal
type sudo pppoeconf
it will ask some question, press yes
when you want to start internet just type  sudo pon dsl-provider  to connect to internet
type this to turn it off  sudo poff

Edit the file:

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

By adding to it:

auto lo eth0
iface lo loopback eth0 inet dhcp

After restart network-manager:

$ sudo service network-manager restart


Mouse cursor invisible after 15.04 update My mouse pointer became invisible after some updates after I upgraded to 15.04 from 14.10.
In all standard settings the mouse pointer is activated (system settings, dconf...)
I also tried different cursor icons with no success.

The pointer is sometimes visible after I shut down and reboot the system. But only sometimes and I couldn't figure out a patterns why it sometimes shows up.

I found the following solution which did not work

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.cursor active false

Any help appreciated! thanks!

This bug is still around for a Xubuntu 16.04 system using lightdm. A fix for Xubuntu, and possibly other DE's, as described on the Xubuntu 16.04 Release Post is to bring the cursor back with Ctrl+Alt+F1 followed by Ctrl+Alt+F7 .

This worked for me, where none of the other solutions had without reloading everything and closing every page.

I had to create a file called:

20-intel.conf // I'm using intel graphics

place the file on:

/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/

Using these lines:

Section "Device"
        Identifier  "card0"
        Driver      "intel"
        Option      "Backlight"  "intel_backlight"
        Option      "AccelMethod" "uxa"
        Option      "SWCursor" "on"
        BusID       "PCI:0:2:0"
EndSection


What's the difference between a Long Term Support Release and a Normal Release? What are the differences between an Ubuntu Long Term Support release (LTS) and a normal release?

There is a new release every 6 months (in April and October), with the version number being year.month (e.g.: 16.04 was released in April 2016). Every two years, the April release is a Long Term Support version.

All normal releases (13.04 and later) are only supported for 9 months.
All LTS releases (12.04 and later) are supported for five years on both the desktop and the server.
Older versions had slightly different support cycles, but they haven't been included as they're all unsupported now. See the Ubuntu Wiki for historical information.

Now, support means:

Updates for potential security problems and bugs (not new versions of software)
Availability of Commercial support contracts from Canonical
Support by Landscape, Canonical's enterprise oriented server management tool set

The Desktop refers to the packages that are in the main and restricted repositories, these are the ones that have the little  Ubuntu icon next to them in Synaptic or are marked as Supported in the Software-Centre respectively.

The Server packages are the ones in the "server-ship" and "supported-common" seeds (there's a directory of all of the different seeds available).

This is what this looks like:

Image from Ubuntu.com

The primary reason for using an LTS release is that you can depend on it being updated regularly and therefore secure and stable.

As if this wasn't enough, Ubuntu releases additional versions of the last LTS between releases—such as 14.04.1, that incorporate all of the updates up to this point. This is called a Point-Release (or sometimes snapshot). Those are released every quarter to half year, as needed.

In addition to support, there are Development strategies that differentiate an LTS release:

The base of the operating system, Debian, comes in three versions: Stable, Testing and Unstable. Normally, Ubuntu is based on Unstable; the LTS releases are based on Testing. Starting with 14.04 LTS, all new releases will be based on Debian Unstable.
The Development effort for an LTS release in focused on providing a rock solid base, not only for customers who want the LTS release, but also for the next three Ubuntu versions to come.

Thanks to Oli for demystifying that last part, I wasn't quite sure about it.

Canonical provides security updates for the LTS releases for 3 years on the desktop and 5 years for the server version. The normal release is only supported with updates for 18 months.


How can I find what video driver is in use on my system? I would like to try a different video display driver, but I'm not sure which one I'm currently using.

What's the simple way to see what driver my system is using currently?

Run lshw -c video, and look for the line with "configuration". The loaded driver is prefixed with "driver=". Example output:

  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Core Processor Integrated Graphics Controller
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 2
       bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
       version: 02
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=i915 latency=0
       resources: irq:45 memory:fd000000-fd3fffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:1800(size=8)

If you want more information about the loaded driver, run modinfo. Output of modinfo i915:

filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.35-24-generic/kernel/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915.ko
license:        GPL and additional rights
description:    Intel Graphics
author:         Tungsten Graphics, Inc.
license:        GPL and additional rights
... stripped information for saving space ...
depends:        drm,drm_kms_helper,video,intel-agp,i2c-algo-bit
vermagic:       2.6.35-24-generic SMP mod_unload modversions

Note that modinfo works on filenames and aliases, not on module names. The majority of the modules will have the same name for the module name and filename, but there are exceptions. One of them is nvidia.

Another way of using these commands in order to show you the file name of the driver would be:

modinfo -F filename `lshw -c video | awk '/configuration: driver/{print $2}' | cut -d= -f2`

When loaded, the command lsmod will show the nvidia module as loaded. modinfo nvidia will error out. Why? Because there is no module named "nvidia", it's just an alias. To resolve the alias you can use modprobe --resolve-alias nvidia. Or to get the whole modinfo in one command:

modinfo $(modprobe --resolve-alias nvidia)

Open a terminal and type:

sudo apt-get install sysinfo

This is a handy little program that can tell you all ya need to know about your PC.


WiFi randomly disconnects and sometimes fails to authenticate again I am using Xenial - Ubuntu.

This is the outcome of dmesg:

[ 2195.776888] wlp2s0: deauthenticating from 94:0c:6d:b7:b2:de by local choice (Reason: 3=DEAUTH_LEAVING)
[ 2218.981806] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp2s0: link is not ready
[ 2219.032521] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): wlp2s0: link is not ready
[ 2225.238469] wlp2s0: authenticate with 94:0c:6d:b7:b2:de
[ 2225.246594] wlp2s0: send auth to 94:0c:6d:b7:b2:de (try 1/3)

It deauthenticates randomly for no apparent reason and I have to turn networking off and on again to fix it. This works a few times, but eventually I will lose the connection completely (it will always get to try 3/3 and fail it). The only thing of help I've found is rebooting.

Here I've run the script AskUbuntu suggests to diagnose the networking.

The script is not from the exact moment of the complete failure. Other devices work flawlessly in the same network.

We notice this in your wireless info:

Pokojicek  <MAC 'Pokojicek' [AN5]>  Infra  6 2437 MHz 54 Mbit/s 78 ▂▄▆_ WEP yes *

Many Linux drivers do not work well with WEP. As well, it is quite insecure: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_Equivalent_Privacy

  In 2005, a group from the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation gave a
  demonstration where they cracked a WEP-protected network in 3 minutes
  using publicly available tools.

Almost every device manufactured in the last ten years or so supports the more secure WPA2-AES.

Please check the settings in the router. WPA2-AES is preferred; not any WPA and WPA2 mixed mode and certainly not TKIP. Second, if your router is capable of N speeds, you may have better connectivity with a channel width of 20 MHz in the 2.4 GHz band instead of automatic 20/40 MHz, although it is likely to affect N speeds. I also have better luck with a fixed channel, either 1, 6 or 11, rather than automatic channel selection. Also, be certain the router is not set to use N speeds only; auto B, G and N is preferred. After making these changes, reboot the router.

Next, I recommend that your regulatory domain be set explicitly. Check yours:

sudo iw reg get

If you get 00, that is a one-size-maybe-fits-all setting. Find yours here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2 Then set it temporarily:

sudo iw reg set IS

Of course, substitute your country code if not Iceland. Set it permanently:

gksudo gedit /etc/default/crda

Use nano or kate or leafpad if you don't have the text editor gedit.

Change the last line to read:

REGDOMAIN=IS

Proofread carefully, save and close the text editor.

Next, I'd set IPv6 to Ignore in Network Manager: http://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/18/html/Installation_Guide/images/netconfig/network-connections-ipv6-ignore.png  This example is for ethernet, but you want wireless.

Could try this soon after reboot:

sudo iwconfig

See if your wireless card is listed as power management on, then run the command below (replacing CARDNAME with the real name of your device, e.g. wlp3s0):

sudo iwconfig CARDNAME power off

If this corrects your issue, you can edit the following file to make it permanent:

/etc/NetworkManager/conf.d/default-wifi-powersave-on.conf

Change the wifi.powersave setting from 3 to 2


Install ubuntu goes blank hp envy m7 touchsmart When installing from the cd it gives the option to try ubuntu or install.  But when I select install the screen goes blank.

looks like your laptop came with locked bios
have a look at this https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UEFI


Google Chrome 35 - Protected Flash Content Since I upgraded to Google Chrome 35 it can no longer play protected flash content. According to OMG! Ubuntu! the support for NPAPI was dropped so that the adobe flash plugin can't be loaded anymore.

Is there any other way to play protected flash content besides

Using Firefox
Rolling back Google Chrome to version 34
Pray for an update from adobe?

To keep Chrome functioning, please downgrade your Google Chrome to 34.
You can download the deb file.
Then use synaptic package manager or use the commandline to lock upgrades for google-chrome-stable package.
Chrome 34 doesn't have any glaring bugs, so you can use it safely for the next 3 months.
I am hoping by that time some patch will be added.

(from this answer)


How to remove lingering /etc/openvpn/ directory after removing OpenVPN package? I want to completely remove openvpn from my pc (Linux Ubuntu 12.04) but when I type

sudo apt-get remove  openvpn

the /etc/openvpn/ folder remains... How can I delete this too?

I want to delete openvpn so I can install it again because I think I did something stupid the first time :/

Do you know how to complete remove it?
Can you recommend me a good detailed tutorial about installing openvpn in ubuntu 12.10 and how to make certificates?

You can't purge it after you remove it that's why it didn't work

sudo apt-get install openvpn && sudo apt-get purge openvpn

and yes you can remove it manually (as you seem to have already figured out), see these files as well

/usr/lib/openvpn

/usr/include/openvpn

/usr/share/openvpn

/usr/share/man/man8/openvpn.8.gz

To see what files get installed with a package, you can usually run the whereis command to see what goes along with it.

example:

whereis openvpn

example output:

openvpn: /usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn /usr/lib/openvpn /usr/include/openvpn
/usr/share/openvpn /usr/share/man/man8/openvpn.8.gz

The recommended way is

sudo dpkg -r openvpn-as


what is the difference between "notification area" (systray), "indicator plugin" (indicator) and "status notifier plugin" (statusnotifier) I got mildly annoyed that duplicate wi-fi and bluetooth icons were showing up in my panel, and tracked it down to the fact that they were showing up in both systray and statusnotifier plugins. Can someone explain the differences among them (and also indicator)?

"notification area" (AKA: systray)
"status notifier plugin" (AKA: statusnotifier)
"indicator plugin" (AKA: indicator)

So far I've read that systray has been around forever, that statusnotifier is newer and is somehow blessed by freedesktop (?) and that indicator was written to "address design concerns Canonical was having" (here).  Moreover, several things seem to have their own dedicated panel plugins, like "pulseaudio plugin" and "power manager plugin", which seem like they ought to work just fine as elements within either systray or statusnotifier.  Why is such a simple aspect of the UI so fractionated?  Is there any effort underway toward reunification into a single tray?  Is there some semantic distinction among these that I'm missing, that explains why it makes sense to have more than one?

Notification area is the classical system tray for X11. It's based on the XEMBED protocol. Due to being X11-specific, it's considered obsolete by many progressive minds who think that Wayland is the future.
Status notifier implements the StatusNotifierHost part of the StatusNotifierItem specification. This mechanism is based on D-BUS, which is independent of the windowing system, so it's compatible with X11, Wayland etc..
Indicator is a plugin showing status of various messaging apps. This one is not a system tray implementation. It's a specialized type of info display & control. There is some documentation on this system on an Ubuntu Wiki page. From what I could gather there, it uses libindicate to communicate with the applications, and this library, in its turn, uses D-BUS for message passing.

Of these three, the first two seem to be alternatives, so you could use one of them. But in my experience, Notification area shows more complete set of icons from different applications. In particular, if you have some programs which use XEMBED-based tray icons, you need this plugin. See also: "Where are my systray icons?" blog post by a KDE developer (from 2014, when this mess appeared).

The Indicator plugin is needed if you want to have a single place to access messaging apps like e.g. Pidgin or Evolution. By default, in Ubuntu messengers like Pidgin don't show their real tray icons, relying on the presence of the Indicator. If you remove Indicator from the panel, be sure to enable these tray icons in the settings of each messenger you're using.

"Notification Area" shows some notifications which are not shown in "Status Notifier" and "Indicator", e.g. network connection. So I have to enable it.
Then, comparing the "Status Notifier" and "Indicator":
at least one of my apps (Slack) shows up ONLY in Indicator. All other apps show up in both of them.
So, I have to use the "Indicator plugin" for this reason.
Enabling the "Status Notifier" just duplicates most (but not all) of the notifications, so I disabled it.
It's confusing to have three of them (it's like in addition to the "windows" on your desktop you also have some "doors" and even "holes").


How do I save terminal output to a file? How do I save the output of a command to a file?

Is there a way without using any software? I would like to know how.

To write the output of a command to a file, there are basically 10 commonly used ways.

Overview:

  Please note that the n.e. in the syntax column means "not existing".
  There is a way, but it's too complicated to fit into the column. You can find a helpful link in the List section about it.

          || visible in terminal ||   visible in file   || existing
  Syntax  ||  StdOut  |  StdErr  ||  StdOut  |  StdErr  ||   file
==========++==========+==========++==========+==========++===========
    >     ||    no    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    || overwrite
    >>    ||    no    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
   2>     ||   yes    |    no    ||    no    |   yes    || overwrite
   2>>    ||   yes    |    no    ||    no    |   yes    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
   &>     ||    no    |    no    ||   yes    |   yes    || overwrite
   &>>    ||    no    |    no    ||   yes    |   yes    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
 | tee    ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    || overwrite
 | tee -a ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |    no    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
 n.e. (*) ||   yes    |   yes    ||    no    |   yes    || overwrite
 n.e. (*) ||   yes    |   yes    ||    no    |   yes    ||  append
          ||          |          ||          |          ||
|& tee    ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |   yes    || overwrite
|& tee -a ||   yes    |   yes    ||   yes    |   yes    ||  append

List:

command > output.txt

The standard output stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command >> output.txt

The standard output stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
command 2> output.txt

The standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command 2>> output.txt

The standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, it will not be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
command &> output.txt

Both the standard output and standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, nothing will be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command &>> output.txt

Both the standard output and standard error stream will be redirected to the file only, nothing will be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file..
command | tee output.txt

The standard output stream will be copied to the file, it will still be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command | tee -a output.txt

The standard output stream will be copied to the file, it will still be visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.
(*)

Bash has no shorthand syntax that allows piping only StdErr to a second command, which would be needed here in combination with tee again to complete the table. If you really need something like that, please look at "How to pipe stderr, and not stdout?" on Stack Overflow for some ways how this can be done e.g. by swapping streams or using process substitution.
command |& tee output.txt

Both the standard output and standard error streams will be copied to the file while still being visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, it gets overwritten.
command |& tee -a output.txt

Both the standard output and standard error streams will be copied to the file while still being visible in the terminal. If the file already exists, the new data will get appended to the end of the file.

There are two different questions here. The first is in the title:

  How do I save terminal output to a file?

The second question is in the body:

  How do I save the output of a command to a file?

All the answers posted here address the second question but none address the first question which has a great answer in Unix & Linux:

Save all the terminal output to a file

This answer uses a little known command called script which saves all your shell's output to a text file until you type exit. The command output still appears on your screen but also appears in the text file.

The process is simple. Use:

$ script ~/outputfile.txt
Script started, file is /home/rick/outputfile.txt
$ command1
$ command2
$ command3
$ exit
exit
Script done, file is /home/rick/outputfile.txt

Then look at your recorded output of commands 1, 2 & 3 with:

cat ~/outputfile.txt

This is similar to earlier answer of:

command |& tee ~/outputfile.txt

But you don't have to use |& tee ~/outputfile.txt after each commnd.
The script command has added benefit (or disadvantage) of reloading ~/.bashrc when it starts.
The script command shows the command prompt ($PS1) followed by the command(s) you entered.
The script command records all the details in full color.


Ubuntu Docker Container update-ca-certificates: command not found This is running a Docker Container using the official Ubuntu 14.04
The end result will be the same as this QA once I can get that command installed.

New to Ubuntu and such, trying to get a docker container to update certs that i am linking in using -v.

Tried to use dpkg -S update-ca-certificates as described in the link and a few other answers that seemed to point in the same general direction. but i end up getting this in the container

root@24b087e56f8e:/# apt-get install -y ca-certificates
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package ca-certificates

2 Questions

How do you find out what package a command is installed with?
What package do I need to install with my container to get update-ca-certificates working?

PEBKAC

turns out you need to run apt-get update before you can install any other packages. After running the updates you can then apt-get install -y ca-certificates and this is the package that contains the command update-ca-certificates

In Ubuntu Docker Container
1- apt-get update
2- apt-get install ca-certificates -y
3- update-ca-certificates
good luck.


How to burn a Windows .iso to a USB device? I want to burn a Windows ISO to a USB device in Ubuntu. How do I do this?

I know how to burn a Ubuntu ISO into a USB device, but with a Windows ISO it's not the same.

UNetbootin should work: http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/

Or you could try a bit-by-bit copy:

Insert the USB device and then open Disk Utility (in 10.10 and older,
System -> Administration -> Disk Utility).
Select the USB device from the list in the left of the program and detect where it was mounted: /dev/sd[1 letter][optionally 1 number]. For example, /dev/sdc or /dev/sdc1.
Make sure the USB device is unmounted (not safely removed, but unmounted)
If it is mounted you can unmount it:

sudo umount /dev/sd[1 letter][optionally 1 number]

Assuming the .iso file is in your home folder, open the terminal and write:

sudo dd bs=4M if=[ur .iso] of=/dev/sd[that 1 letter]

Example:

sudo dd bs=4M if=windows7.iso of=/dev/sdc

And wait for it to finish.
(The "bs=4M" - bit is optional, just makes it faster.)

Ubuntu can mount .iso files from nautilus in Natty.

Have you tried copying the contents of the .iso to the desired USB drive?

From there you should be able to tell your PC to boot from the USB with no problems.

If that Fails to work you can use UNetBootin in order to copy/burn the .iso to disk.

This blog post Describes how to do that.


merge unallocated partition I am unable to merge my unallocated partition to my /dev/sda1.

I tried gparted etc. but no success so far. I need you help to extend my /dev/sda1 disk size using my unallocated space. Please suggest.

I agree with Chandra. You cannot merge the unallocated space to partitions unless it is right next to the partition.

I think the simple solution is, back up all your data on the current partition, delete them all, recreate new one.


How to access encrypted Ubuntu 16.04 files from Windows 10 in a dual boot system? I am unable to access my Ubuntu 16.04 files from my Windows 10 OS, because I had enabled encryption during installation. Is there a way I can decrypt and use my files from Windows? Else, my plan is to reinstall Ubuntu from a LiveUSB.

Before doing so, I plan to remove my Lenovo (D:) partition (since I have separate recovery media and don't plan to use Lenovo OneKey Recovery) which is about 20 Gb. I want to dedicate this space for the root partition, and reallocate the current root partition space to creating a separate home partition. Finally, I plan to increase my Linux swap space form 6 Gb to 18 Gb.

I plan to back up my files before doing all this of course (creating disk images, etc.). Could doing all this affect my files, installed packages, and 3rd party software?

Since there are two methods that you could have used (independently or in combination) to perform encryption, I'll touch on both separately. And then I'll address access from Windows.

You could have encrypted your entire disk with LUKS like this during install

Or you could have encrypted your home directory with ecryptfs like this during install

Disk encryption with LUKS

If you encrypted your entire disk with LUKS, you may want to look into a program for Windows called LibreCrypt. I have used it with success in the past to access LUKS encrypted partitions from Windows 7.

Home directory encryption with ecryptfs

If you encrypted your home directory, there is currently no way to get at this from Windows. However, it is possible to remove the home directory encryption so long as you have enough disk space to make a duplicate of your home directory.

Accessing the Linux ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems from Windows

Now, in theory, all you should need to do is mount your Linux file systems in Windows. I've not tried it, but supposedly, Ext2Read should enable you to mount ext2/ext3/ext4 filesystems in Windows. Furthermore, it is said to support LVM2 which will be important if you chose to use LVM when you installed.

The home folder encrypted in Ubuntu cannot be decrypted from W's.

Copy the files from a Ubuntu Live session to an external drive and access the files from it using W's or to the W's partition.

You will need ecryptfs-utils and this answer Access Encrypted Home Folder


No Windows in Ubuntu boot menu (Ubuntu 11.10, WIndows 7) Install Ubuntu 11.10, successfully;
Install Windows 7, successfully;
Re-install grub with command mount /dev/sda1 /mnt; grub-install –root-directory=/mnt /dev/sda, successfully;
reboot.

The ubuntu can start up and works corrected; but the problem is: when reboot (and press Shift), there is no Windows in the boot menu.

output of command sudo fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes

255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders, total 976773168 sectors

Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes

Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes

I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk identifier: 0x00011272

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

/dev/sda1            2048   761927679   380962816   83  Linux

/dev/sda2       761929726   781459455     9764865    5  Extended

Partition 2 does not start on physical sector boundary.

/dev/sda3   *   781459456   781664255      102400    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

/dev/sda4       781664256   976771071    97553408    7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT

/dev/sda5       761929728   781459455     9764864   82  Linux swap / Solaris

Yesterday, the same thing happened to me.

I solved this issue by opening the terminal and typing sudo grub-update and then restart the system (sudo reboot).

If you have to set up a dualboot system machine with windows and ubuntu, the best choice is to install windows first and then ubuntu.Reinstalling the grub can lead to errors if you don't know to do it or if you forget to set up something.I suggest you to reinstall ubuntu entirely.You can solve this problem in other ways, but trust me....this is going to be the fastest one(especially if you install it from USB)


How to disable systemd-resolved in Ubuntu? How can I disable systemd-resolved in Ubuntu 17.04?

Disabling it with systemctl disable didn't work, the service seems to be restarted (by Networkmanager?)

This method works on the Ubuntu releases 17.04 (Zesty), 17.10 (Artful), 18.04 (Bionic), 18.10 (Cosmic), 19.04 (Disco) and 20.04 (Focal):
Disable and stop the systemd-resolved service:
sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved

Then put the following line in the [main] section of your /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf:
dns=default

Delete the symlink /etc/resolv.conf
rm /etc/resolv.conf

Restart NetworkManager
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

Also be aware that disabling systemd-resolvd might break name resolution in VPN for some users. See this bug on launchpad (Thanks, Vincent).

If you are having leaks issues with your VPN and can't figure out how to set up systemd (like me) you can remove it in the way described in the first answer but don't add the dns=default line because it will activate the nameserver 127.0.0.1.
To set the router as dns, create the file "tail" in your /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/
folder adding the line nameserser 192.168.1.1

do ln -sf /var/run/resolved/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.confif you had messed up with this file.


Disabling Intel Turbo Boost in 12.04 I have a question concerning Intel Turbo Boost and the ability to disable it in Ubuntu 12.04. I wanted to disable Turbo Boost because it produced a lot of heat and I didn't find a need for it in Ubuntu (being so lightweight as it is compared to Windows). I found that by installing msr-tools and running modprobe msr and then:

wrmsr -p(PROCESSOR) 0x1a0 0x4000850089

Where PROCESSOR is the number of my CPU core allowed me to shut off Turbo Boost for that core. After appending msr into my etc/modules and the wrmsr lines into my rc.local I found I was able to shut off Turbo Boost at boot.

My question is: Is this method I've used safely disabling Turbo Boost, or should I attempt to find a different workaround.

I have an MSI-GE60 with no setting in the BIOS for Turbo Boost, so changing it like this appeared to be the only way.

Thanks to anyone who can help.

You could set the max CPU frequencies to a setting just under the turbo boost - attached is the code I use in rc.local

echo 1 > /sys/module/processor/parameters/ignore_ppc

for x in /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-3]/cpufreq/;do
  echo 2501000 > $x/scaling_max_freq
done

In my system the speed of 250100 is a turbo speed, non-turbo being 2500000

Charles Green

You most probably have to do it through the BIOS - at least, that is how it was for me. Otherwise, you could install indicator-cpufreq (sudo apt-get install indicator-cpufreq) and set it to a setting that doesn't use Turbo, like conservative. You can even set it to a constant speed (mine is usually at 1.2), and change it when you find things getting slow. I would also recommend Hardware Sensors Indicator:

 sudo add-apt-repository ppa:alexmurray/indicator-sensors
 sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install indicator-sensors

To monitor your temperature and make sure it's not going to high.


How to avoid openSSH showing authentication popup? When pushing a bzr repo to another server, I need to type an openSSH password.

After I typed it, an openSSH popup appears, and requires the password again.

Any way to avoid this?

The thing is, that even with an SSH key, if you put a passcode on the ssh key you use, it'll require you to enter your passcode to unlock the key once during your login session (unless otherwise configured).  This is a security measure that some people enable so that others cant utilize their system nor their SSH key on their own system.

EDIT
In order to fix this, you'd need to edit your SSH key (if you use one) so that it does not require a passcode, and seahorse (the GUI for key management and things) will help you do that.  I strongly recommend you don't remove your passcode from your SSH key (if that IS the thing that's causing the popups, and I'm pretty sure it is)

You may find GPG Agent useful - see Tips and Tricks page on Ubuntu Community Help


How can I check if automatic updates are enabled? I want to be sure if automatic updates are enabled on Ubuntu 12.04 server.

How exactly can I check this?

And how can I disable automatic updates if it's enabled?

There is a package that can be used to do this for you.

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades

or if unattended-upgrades already installed. Or you can checkout the Ubuntu docs

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades

That is the package you need to install. Once its installed edit the files

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic
/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades

In that file you can set how often you want the server to update.

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "7";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

The file should look like that. The 1 means it will update every day. 7 is weekly.

/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades

This files will let you chose what updates you want to make by choosing where apt can search for new updates and upgrades. ( My personal opinion on this is I would set it to security if this is a server )

Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-security";
//      "${distro_id}:${distro_codename}-updates";

};

The variables ${distro_id} and ${distro_codename} are expanded automatically. I would comment out the updates entry and just leave security.

Automatic Updates are enabled by default.  If not, to enable automatic updates, just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, run the command below.

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades

In server, you can also you can edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades, and comment out update update you don't want to upgrade automatically.  These edit must be done with root privileges.


External microphone not working gnome-volume-control does not recognise external hardware.  My headphones work nonetheless, but an external microphone does not.  External microphones used to work, but at times were temperamental - I would have to login or logout with or without microphone plugged in.

I am running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS (Lucid Lynx) on an mSi U100 wind notebook with one Intel soundcard and trying to use a jack microphone which has worked previously.  USB microphones have also been problematic.

I have done the basics:

Installed upgrades.
Checked nothing is muted.
Looked for the device on gnome-volume-control.
Tried using a different microphone that works on a friends computer.
Tested my microphone works when using a different computer.
Checked my soundcard can be seen (cat /proc/asound/cards).

I have done more complicated things:

I have tried playing around with settings in alsamixer.  Nothing is
muted.  I can adjust "mic" and "internal mic" regardless of whether
an external microphone is plugged in.  I have the choice of input
source from "mic", "front mic", "line" and "CD".  I've played around
changing this and it hasn't helped.  I only have one CAPTURE option.

In gnome-sound-recorder I have the choice of line, microphone 1 and microphone 2. I have played around changing this option.  None of
these pick up sound from the external microphone. Microphone 2 is the
microphone on my laptop which is bad quality.
In gnome-sound-recorder I have the choice of different profiles, and changing this has not helped either.
I have looked at gstreamer-properties but none of that seemed helpful.

I don't know if there a way to check if these external devices are being picked up.  I would like to make an external microphone work.  Please help!

My computer, compaq CQ45-118A, intel sound card.

Since ubuntu 10.04 to 11.04, I have added to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf the following lines and worked for me:

options snd-pcsp index=-2

alias snd-card-0 snd-hda-intel

alias sound-slot-0 snd-hda-intel

options snd-hda-intel model=dell-m4-1

options snd-hda-intel enable_msi=1

options snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 enable=yes

Since the other answers didn't work for my Acer Aspire E5-574-592S,
I've tried another way, following this video.
It has been tested on:

Linux Mint 19.1 (Cinnamon)
Manjaro 5.8.6-1 (Gnome)

Steps:

Locate the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file

if it doesn't exist, create it by running in a terminal: sudo touch /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf;

Edit it:

By terminal: sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
By graphical interface: sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf. (Note: if you don't have gedit try xed or simliar in your distro.)

Add the following lines:

# Fix External microphone connected via combo jack on Ubuntu 16.04+ (video)
options snd-hda-intel model=dell-headset-multi
options snd-hda-intel position fix=1

I've tested it on Linux Mint 19.1 and Manjaro 5.6.8-1.
On Manjaro, that is the window that pops up when I plug an external mic:


Check Ubuntu Boot HDD for a MBR virus Is it possible to check the MBR of the boot drive of Ubuntu for viruses within my Ubuntu?

Is there any good software to do this? I heard ClamAV does not check for MBR viruses.

Based on some internet research:

1) The code of a virus in MBR would be so tiny that it is hard to detect (1).

2) A reasonable approach would be to compare your MBR before and after an infection. That is what some antivirus do (2).

3) You could copy your MBR to a file with something like sudo dd if=/dev/sda of=mbr.bin bs=512 count=1 then check the file, which is a binary, with an Hex Editor like Bless.

Yes, most viruses / malware actually target Windows/Intel ('Wintel').

So many of the Ubuntu AV solutions mostly look for (and find) Wintel malware.


Install location for a multi file .NET core app in Ubuntu I have a compiled .NET core app which I am planning to run in three major OSs.
When I am trying to test my build in GitBash on Windows 10, once I build the app I get a lot of files along with the executable ( the exe plus a myriad of DLLS ).

What's the best practice to "install" this app in the machine within PATH?
I mean, If I place all the files directly in /bin I get Bash to autocomplete not only my command but all the dll files present on that folder.

Of course If I place the executable in /bin alone and the DLLs in other folder then the app does not work as it cant find the DLLs.

Whats the right solution for this?

EDIT - Im being asked about which Linux version Ill be installing this app. Well its a pretty generic question, but probably Ill install it in Ubuntu 18.04. for Linux and in Windows 10. When I say generic I mean if I write an app in Go, I can directly place the executable in any of the folders in PATH, it does not make any difference other than following a certain standard since its a single executable, while in this case I have a bunch of files I really dont have a alternative than dealing with them.

The usual method for non-deb and non-snap software is to:

Place the executable binary and all supporting libs and files in /usr/local/application_name/ (which is NOT on the default $PATH)
Place a symlink to the executable in /usr/local/bin or /usr/local/sbin (which ARE on the default $PATH)
Put runtime-created data, databases, tempfiles, shared files, working files, lockfiles, etc. into /var/local/application_name/ or /run/application_name/. Just be sure your application_name doesn't conflict with another installed application.

Generally, keep your files away from places frequented by a package manager (/bin, /sbin, /usr/bin, /usr/sbin, /usr/shared) lest they be overwritten unexpectedly by the package manager. ~/.local and /usr/local are safe locations to install non-apt/non-snap/non-pip software.


Updating Zoom in the terminal Like many people around the world, my life has moved entirely online through videocalling platforms like Zoom.
Most of my software updates automatically through the terminal when I run
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get upgrade

However, it seems that Zoom is not updated this way, and it keeps periodically asking for manual installation of updates.
Is there a way update Zoom automatically through the terminal, e.g. by adding the right repository? Even the 'terminal' instructions in their Help Centre ask for a manual download for every update.

Zoom is not available in Ubuntu repositories.  It also doesn't appear that the software can be installed via PPA, at least not officially, from the page you linked.
apt and your GUI software center only deal with packages that can be updated via sources in /etc/apt/sources.list or PPA sources or snaps.
There is a zoom-client snap in the snap store, but it appears that you did not originally install the software using this method, so you will need to follow the manual installation and update/upgrade instructions from the developer of the software via the link that you referenced.

You could use the following general approach to create your own, local APT repository with a regularly downloaded copy of the file zoom_amd64.deb as provided on the Zoom server:

Set up a personal repository and add it to your APT sources. These instructions are probably a bit outdated, with the necessary updates found here.

Set up a local cron job to download the Zoom package regularly, let's say once a month.
The file to download is https://zoom.us/client/latest/zoom_amd64.deb (according to here). Since there is no APT repository, and no version number in the filename, speculative downloading every now and then is the only option. But the package is currently "only" 40 MiB in size, so it's kind of acceptable. The cron job has to place the file into the personal repository and also run the update script of that repository created in the first step.

From now on, updating Zoom is included in your usual sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade process resp. the equivalent done with a graphical package manager or software updater.

Advantage: since this does not involve uploading zoom_amd64.deb anywhere, Zoom folks can't be against this, unlike if somebody made a PPA and uploaded the file there.

(This is not yet a complete answer, and I did not try it out yet. Feel free to comment or improve when you find out in more detail how this approach works.)


How do I get rid of a script that tries to run at the end of sudo apt-get update? I wrote a bash script and placed it in my /usr/bin directory. Since then, I've deleted the file as it didn't work as intended. But now, every time I run sudo apt-get update, it also tries to run that script I wrote. How do I stop it from trying the script every time I call sudo apt-get update.

It sounds to me like you overwrote the core utility /usr/bin/test with a script of your own called test.

Rather than simply deleting the apt script that is trying to execute /usr/bin/test, you should fix it properly by re-installing the coreutils package:

sudo apt install --reinstall coreutils

In future, don't place random files of your own in /usr/bin - the place for that kind of thing is either ~/bin or (system wide) /usr/local/bin. In any case, it's wise not to call them test since that's the name of an important existing utility.

Go under Settings -> Software & Updates then go to the Other Sources tab and look to make sure there isn't a link to your failed bash script. If it's there highlight ->enter your password -> and click Remove. Once that is done the system will ask you to refresh your cache let it do it, open terminal and then run another

sudo apt-get update

Let us know what you find out.


zsh man page documentation missing in packages? I have a newly installed xubuntu 13.10 x64. I decided to install zsh via synaptic and make it my default shell. The installed zsh's version is: zsh 5.0.2 (x86_64-pc-linux-gnu).

The installed zsh looks ok, but there seems to be no man documentation for zsh. Entering the command man zsh gives me this: No manual entry for zsh.

I have also installed from synaptic, aside from zsh itself, zsh-lovers, zsh-doc, zsh-dbg. What did I miss in my zsh install to end up with zsh with no man documentation?

Unfortunately, this is a bug affecting Ubuntu 13.10 and 14.04:

Bug #1242108: all zsh manpages are missing

It looks like the only thing we can do about it right now is to get the man pages from the source. Get the appropriate version of the source code from sourceforge (for Ubuntu 14.04 you need version 5.0.2, otherwise check using zsh --version) then extract and copy them into place with:

tar xvf zsh-5.0.2.tar.bz2 zsh-5.0.2/Doc/
sudo cp zsh-5.0.2/Doc/*.1 /usr/share/man/man1/

You may want to try the latest install of Zsh from http://www.linuxfromscratch.org/blfs/view/svn/postlfs/zsh.html This is 5.0.5 listed as a stable release many improvements but most of all the doc's and manpages are available and they work.

Just completed my install.  There will be two tar files, get both.  The INSTALL file had all of the information needed to complete installation of the docs and manuals, as well as, instructions for how to install the texi version and it comes with the PDF you referenced zsh.pdf.

Hope this helps someone. I have been miserable having obtain all help with online searches.

Good luck!


NVidia Drivers 340 or 390, which one should I choose? I'm getting two options for NVidia Drivers 340 and 390.
I was wondering, what are the differences between the 3.40 and 3.90 driver and which one should I choose ?

My Video Card is Asus NVidia GTX 760

You can check for recommended versions from below official website.

https://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx

Each new version comes with new functionality or bug fix so stick with new one.

For details and differences  between each drivers, please refer the change logs.

Follow the below ppa guidelines to install that.

https://launchpad.net/~graphics-drivers/+archive/ubuntu/ppa

You can simply go to Sotware Updater >settings and lifepatch > additional drivers and intall nvidia-driver-435 , works like a charm !


Update Manager not starting I get this after the Update Manager said "Check your Internet Connection"

W:Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/main/source/Sources  502  Bad Request [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
, W:Failed to fetch http://extras.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/quantal/main/binary-i386/Packages  502  Bad Request [IP: 91.189.92.152 80]
, E:Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.

Try the following:

sudo apt-get clean
cd /var/lib/apt
sudo mv lists lists.backup
sudo mkdir -p lists/partial
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get update


HP G42 won't boot, halts on recovery session menu I have a HP G42. It was working but would randomly halt or restart the X session while running ubuntu 11.04.

Finally, last night, it froze and was not able to boot anymore. It gets stuck in the ubuntu splash screen, an if I choose the recovery mode in grub, it sort of halts in the session selection menu.

I have already run a memtest and it passes without errors.

How to proceed to further debug this issue?

I had similar issues. In order to get the recovery console working (I had the same issue - recovery menu would come up, but would not react to keyboard input), I had to unplug all my usb devices and add nohz=off acpi=off to my boot line in grub for the recovery mode. These boot parameters might differ for your system. I certainly would give acpi=off a try. That seems to be an issue for many system.

Once I was successfully in recovery mode, I was able to fix my xserver by renaming the /etc/X11/xorg.conf file.

My issue was that I had the proprietary driver from ati installed, but then I used jockey to install the Ubuntu version of the fglrx driver over that. That left my system in an unstable state. Finally, I was able to purge fglrx from my system and installing the open source radeon driver.

Perhas you should do a check for all proprietary graphics drivers and updates, and if you are using proprietary drivers, perhaps see if there are alternative drivers you could use.

did you do a wubi install or is ubuntu your only OS? if so, what partition is it installed on? if it is ext4, perhaps as a last resort try reinstalling on an ext3 or 2 partition...


Getting errors when updating the source list Recently I installed Kali and BT5 tools on my Ubuntu 12.04. At that I edited source.list file. When I issue sudo apt-get update it is exiting showing errors occured and they are ignored. What can be the problem for this ? ? I hope following last lines of the output will be informative.

Hit http://in.archive.ubuntu.com precise-backports/universe Translation-en
Fetched 515 kB in 38s (13.3 kB/s)
W: Failed to fetch http://64.repository.backtrack-linux.org/dists/revolution/Release  Unable to find expected entry 'main/binary-i386/Packages' in Release file (Wrong sources.list entry or malformed file)

E: Some index files failed to download. They have been ignored, or old ones used instead.
shivkesh@Keshav:~$

The problem is that the repository you are using is not compatible with Ubuntu. You have added a repository for BackTrack Linux, which is not Ubuntu. As explained in the BackTrack FAQ:

Why cant I just add the Backtrack repositories to my Ubuntu install or the Ubuntu repositories to my Backtrack install ?
We highly recommend against this action because Backtrack tools are built with many custom features, libraries and kernel. We have no way of knowing how they will perform on a non Backtrack distribution, plus you will very quickly break your install.
Also if you chose to add the ubuntu repositories to your Backtrack install, you will most certainly break your entire Backtrack install very quickly.
We do a lot of testing to ensure that all packages in our repo will work together without causing problems.
If you decide on this course of action you do so entirely at your own risk and the backtrack team will not offer any support in any way.

The specific error you are getting also shows that the BackTrack repositories don't have the same structure as the Ubuntu ones and therefore, apt-get is not finding the expected files.

Download apt_0.7.25.3ubuntu9.13_amd64.deb  and downgrading apt to the one BackTrack have.

sudo dpkg -i /path/apt_0.7.25.3ubuntu9.13_amd64.deb

Increase cache limit

echo APT::Cache-Limit "60000000"; >> /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/70debconf

Update again.


install skype 4.3 but only 4.2 installs so ive been trying everything to install 4.3, but whenever i install it, weather through gdebi, or the software center, it says its installing 4.3, but then when i open it only 4.2 is installed.
i would have no problem with 4.2, but 4.2 does not connect my password and everything are right, but it always says "skype can't connect"
am i doing something wrong here, or has anyone else faced this issue?
i heard some people discribe a .skype appearing in their home folder, but none is there for me when i click home. so im clueless here :-(

When installing from Canonical Partner, make sure to install both the skype and skype-bin packages. So if you use a terminal window, you need to:

sudo apt-get install skype skype-bin

That should install the latest (4.3) version.

This is an example of an upgrade from Skype 4.2 to 4.3:

$ dpkg-query -W skype skype-bin
skype   4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2
skype-bin   4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2
$ sudo apt-get install skype skype-bin
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  skype skype-bin
2 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 20,1 MB of archives.
After this operation, 5 106 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Get:1 http://archive.canonical.com/ utopic/partner skype-bin i386 4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [20,1 MB]
Get:2 http://archive.canonical.com/ utopic/partner skype i386 4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1 [16,1 kB]
Fetched 20,1 MB in 7s (2 828 kB/s)
(Reading database ... 511027 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack .../skype-bin_4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking skype-bin (4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) over (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Preparing to unpack .../skype_4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1_i386.deb ...
Unpacking skype (4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) over (4.2.0.11-0ubuntu0.12.04.2) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.1+14.10.20140925-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.55ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.10.1-0ubuntu2) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.13-1) ...
Processing triggers for dbus (1.8.8-1ubuntu2.1) ...
Setting up skype-bin (4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
Setting up skype (4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1) ...
$ dpkg-query -W skype skype-bin
skype   4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1
skype-bin   4.3.0.37-0ubuntu0.12.04.1


how to install ubuntu and applications in separate partition I what to format my computer such that both the os and all additional applications are going in one partition and all of my person files in a second one. The reason for that is that I can then create a ghost based on the first partition only and therefore save a lot of space. Alternatively, I would like some help on how to create a ghost that doesn't consider specific folders under my home directory (i.e. my personal files). Any ideas?

Short answer is you can't. because Linux uses filesystem hierarchy. And there isn't only one path for storing application's data.

However, most space for data is on /usr directory but for your case, it doen'st help you for seperating it because some config files will leave out and you'll end up with package confliction.


Ubuntu 14.04 & remote desktop Till now I'm working with ubuntu 12.04 on a standalone pc (no display,mouse,keyboard).

I installed xrdp and i'm using windows remote desktop connection.

It's working fine with juste one adjustment : put that in the .xsession

gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d

This morning I tried installing ubuntu 14.04, xrdp, .xsession adjustment and ... no working anymore.  Only a grey screen with a X mouse cursor.

After lot of search and reading on internet it seems it's not more possible to use ubuntu-2d with 14.04.  Only xfce is working.  But I don't want to use xfce !

So what's the solution ?

xrdp with windows remote connection : works only with xfce
teamviewer : it's working but everything I do is visible on the server (if a screen is connected) and the session remains open if I do not logout before I quit teamviewer client (so someone can connect a keyboard to the server and use it)
x2go : seems not working fine with 14.04
desktop sharing : not working.  I'm using ultravnc and I got No security type suitable for RFB 3.3 supported
... ?

It's so easy with windows ... The only thing I want is to connect to my server, open a remote session and work.  Is it impossible mission ?

I use remmina without problems, have you tried that?

I like it as it stores all my servers settings so I can simply switch from one to another.

from ubuntu 12.10 ~

gnome-session --session=ubuntu-2d
gnome-session --session=gnome-fallback

use hardware accelerator...
Does not support


How many Ubuntu users are there worldwide ? Was just wondering if there is any solid data available as to how many people are using ubuntu. I was also interested in the attrition rate with ubuntu users, etc.

It is obviously not possible to provide solid data, since everyone can distribute Ubuntu for free (e.g. via a CD). Canonical (as one distributor) has therefore no way to know the exact number. (As a note: even companies like Microsoft might only know the number of legal owers of their software, but never the number of users).

What you can get are indicators of the number. You can estimate the percentage of Ubuntu users which are online with the default software configuration and multiply that by the number of registered website accesses that identify Ubuntu users, and multiply this by the percentage of those Ubuntu users who might have visited those websites.

Similar ways are applied in most estimates that you can read on somewhere on the internet. Often unique IP addresses are counted on security update repositories, but since I run an ubuntu server on strato, where all updates are always coming from strato servers, Canonical would never be able to include that server in any statistic. Also, since that server never browses on any websites, estimates from statcounter or similar will never track that installation. So again: no way to get to a solid number. Only estimates (and plenty of them)...

(I am very confident to say however, that we will have 200 million users in the next 4 years :-)

There's a website, called, "The Linux Counter," where you can register as a Linux user and also register the information about your system.

When I am posting this answer 39,506 machines registered for ubuntu distro.

No mailing lists or anything, it seems, if you choose to register. Once you register, you get a cool little Linux logo, showing you as a registered Linux user, with your registered user number.

From the website, you can see a breakdown by country, state and city, as to how many registered Linux users there are in each place. Also, you can see how long Linux boxes have been up without a reboot.

These are my details :

Registered Linux User #501089
Registered Ubuntu User #30648

There is another site which allows to register Ubuntu users separately. I am 30648th Ubuntu user. Currently the ubuntu counter website is offline.


Setting up Geary with SSL/TLS When I open Geary and try adding an email account via IMAP/SMPT I cannot add SSL/TLS or port information. If I simply type in my login information without additional SSL/TLS information, Geary cannot login.

I found a screenshot on the internet which shows these options for Geary. However, I cannot see them.

The problem was the Geary version from the Ubuntu repository. I downloaded the Flatpak version and it worked immediately.
Download: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.gnome.Geary
Install via flatpak install org.gnome.Geary.flatpakref.

You have not said what happens if you enter details on the first screenshot and continue. Do you get an error? Other options?
I can't speak for Geary itself but some email clients hide the advanced options. For example some clients would consult a database of known email servers to find what the parameters should be or they may ask for the basics as per your first screenshot., then the client will attempt to connect to the email server, first say using no encryption, if that does not work it may try again using SSL, if that does not work it may try again using SSL/TLS etc etc until it either finds a set of encryption/port parameters that works or if it can't find anything that works it will likely prompt for custom advanced parameters. That way for the majority of users it will "just work" without them having to know or input all the exact parameters.


No desktop icons after upgrade to 11.10 I just upgraded from 11.04 to 11.10 and after restart it showed the login screen. After login, only the desktop background shows with ubuntu 11.10 text at the bottom-left corner.
Did my GNOME stop working ?
My mouse pointer moves though, so its not a system crash.

These are my h/w specs : Ubuntu 11.04 x86_64 • Intel Core 2 Quad Q6600 2.4GHz 8MB cache 1066MHz Intel MoBo DG33
8GB DDR2 RAM @ 800MHz • 1GB 8600 GT nVidia Graphics Card • Dell SP2309W • LG Flatron L222WS

If you can, log in to Ubuntu (Unity) 2D, and run unity --reset, then try to login the regular session again. This should fix the problem.

Try resetting X:

sudo rm /etc/X11/xorg.conf


er errors Given when installing libssh2-php Hi I'm trying to install a mail server on my ubuntu 13.10 machine, I have LAMP server installed, and works great, I want for my computer to be able to send emails (working as a server) so I decided to install sendmail

sudo apt-get install sendmail

however It gave me an error when trying to access libssh2-php I removed libssh2-php, and tried to reinstall, but it gives me the following error
$sudo apt-get install libssh2-php
`Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libssh2-php
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 66 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/28,6 kB of archives.
After this operation, 121 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package libssh2-php.
(Reading database ... 291773 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libssh2-php (from .../libssh2-php_0.11.3-0.1build2_amd64.deb) ...
Setting up libssh2-php (0.11.3-0.1build2) ...

Creating config file /etc/php5/conf.d/ssh2.ini with new version
cp: cannot create regular file ‘/etc/php5/conf.d/ssh2.ini’: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing libssh2-php (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 libssh2-php
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

I'm not shure if y should create the /etc/php5/conf.d/ssh2.ini directory its unable to find...

however I located the conf.d directory on my machine, its located at

/etc/php5/cli/conf.d

I thought about moving the directory, but I'm afraid other things will stop working, because they run on /etc/php5/cli/conf.d

Running sudo dpkg --configure -a returns:

Setting up libssh2-php (0.11.3-0.1build2) ...
Creating config file /etc/php5/conf.d/ssh2.ini with new version
cp: cannot create regular file ‘/etc/php5/conf.d/ssh2.ini’: No such file or directory
dpkg: error processing libssh2-php (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing: libssh2-php

Can anybody helpme ??

tx in advance

As a work around:

sudo mkdir -p /etc/php5/conf.d/
sudo apt-get install libssh2-php


how do I get wine to run on ubuntu 15 I'm a fairly new user with ubuntu. But What's the best/easiest way to get wine to work. It never seems to work for me.

thanks

you could try play on linux https://www.playonlinux.com/en/
very easy install and works out of the box most of the times


How do I install make? /usr/bin/perl install-module.pl --all
ERROR: Using install-module.pl requires that you install "make".

I need to install make on my ubuntu on AWS EC2. How can I do that ?
I could finally install build-essential also successfully.

# make
make: *** No targets specified and no makefile found.  Stop.

Run the command:

sudo apt-get install build-essential

Chances are you will need things like gcc to actually do the building so you might as well install those as well. The build-essential package will install other tools used along with make.

As tuxpiper says, make is already installed. What reveals this is the "No targets specified and no makefile found" message, which is produced by make itself.1
install-module.pl is an installation script that is part of Bugzilla. There isn't enough information in the question to be entirely certain that Bugzilla is what's being installed--perhaps there is other software that ships with a script by that name--but the exact problem described here is one that people have had while installing Bugzilla.
The problem in this situation is that, behind the scenes, install-module.pl uses cpan (a Perl package manager) which doesn't find and use make even though it is installed.
3h4x has given a solution to this. You can help cpan find make by running
cpan

to enter the cpan shell, and then running the CPAN commands:
o conf make '/usr/bin/make'
o conf commit

Source: This answer, by 3h4x, to Bugzilla install-module.pl can't find “make” but it's installed and in my path
Note that the module being referred to here in the script name is a Perl module, and not any other kind of module such as a kernel module. So if you did not already have make and the other necessary development tools, installing build-essential should be sufficient to provide them, though it doesn't substitute for configuring cpan if necessary.
This question is old and the problem may no longer be common. So I suggest that users installing Bugzilla on newer Ubuntu systems not run those cpan commands until they have actually observed the problem with make not being found even though it's installed.
1 I've posted about this before, apparently. I had forgotten about that when I wrote this answer. But it turns out this answer is a bit different. For now I'll keep this answer, which addresses the broader issues like what software this applies to, what kind of modules are being referred to, and how readers shouldn't assume they'll have this problem today. But I've made it community-wiki so other people can edit it more easily and so I don't generate reputation from it.


Why I can't edit .bashrc file in Ubuntu? When I do

vim .bashrc

and try to edit the file it gives following error.

Can't open linked file for editing

When I do

ls -la

it shows

.bashrc -> /home/likewise-open/company/user/dotfiles/.bashrc

When I try to cd into dotfiles, it says directory does not exist.

Please help.

It seems your .bashrc is just a link to some other place .bashrc -> /home/likewise-open/company/user/dotfiles/.bashrc.

This is not a normal attitude, so instead of using sudo or whatever you have to bring it back to its normal place.

sudo cp /home/likewise-open/company/user/dotfiles/.bashrc ~

Then now change ownership if it's not owned by you:

sudo chown your-username:your-username ~/.bashrc

Now ensure it has the correct permissions:

chmod 644 ~/.bashrc

But since you say this:

  When I try to cd into dotfiles, it says directory does not exist.

This means the /home/likewise-open/company/user/dotfiles/.bashrc file is not founded and had been deleted, so for that you get the message:

  Can't open linked file for editing

This means the link is point to non existing file thus a broken link.

So you get a default bashrc file from /etc/skell

cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ~/

You need superuser permissions to edit the file.

To become the superuser, type in sudo -s then enter your password. After you log in, then try your command, and it will work.


Issue with AMD Drivers I recently made a linux box and installed 32bit Ubuntu 13.04 by accident, at that time the AMD drivers worked flawlessly. As soon as I installed the 64-bit version I began getting Super-User errors, I check the forum on it and it did not help me because I don't know what the Gnome menu is or how to access, please help me and forgive my ignorance.

I have found out that all you need to do is force install from terminal. I feel so dumb facepalm.


Is it possible to update Vuze 4.3 to 4.7? I have been wondering how to update Vuze 4.3 I noticed it in the Ubuntu software that it only has 4.3 and been researching on how to get the latest installments.. if you could help on a step by step if it is possible to update vuze to it's latest version, much would be appreciated, thanks

To get Vuze 4.7 do this:

Uninstall your current version of Vuze.
Get the most current version Here
Extract the file
Just press Ctrl+Alt+T on your
keyboard to open Terminal. When it opens, navigate to the folder
where the file was extracted, probably /Downloads/vuze
Run the azureus executable, by typing ./azureus

Enjoy!

sudo sh -c 'echo "deb http://archive.getdeb.net/ubuntu utopic-getdeb apps" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
wget -q -O- http://archive.getdeb.net/getdeb-archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install azureus


Surface Arc Touch Mouse not working with Ubuntu 15.04 After browsing for a while I found that there was an issue with 14.04 and the way that the Arc Touch mouse transmits its signal. This was meant to have been fixed in Bluez 5 but the case still exists that it connects but the mouse isn't functional.

Does anyone know how to fix this issue?

I've finally been able to solve this issue.

Grab the bluez packages named 5.23-1ubuntu1~mtrudel1 and indicator-bluetooth from the following PPA.
You need to modify the bluez package and remove the dependencies init-system-helpers and lsb-base, otherwise you're going to have some dependency issues when you perform a system update.
Manually install that modified package and the indicator-bluetooth.
Download and install the 2.0.1 version of blueman from here.
Reboot and you should see the new bluetooth indicator icon in the panel. Open it up and setup your Arc Touch mouse. It should pair and connect without any problem.

To solve some auto reconnect issues I was having, I had to install the 14.04.3 LTS point release that just came out.

I followed what Ali said. It is not so trivial to modify the packages.

I have done this for the 64bits (AMD64) Ubuntu 14.04 and it works like a charm.

Here is an archive with a setup.sh that allow to do this.

UPDATE FOR MICROSOFT ARC TOUCH MOUSE ON UBUNTU 14.04 64BITS

Uncompress it, then

sudo ./setup.sh