Very slow SSD speeds on 12.10 I recently upgraded my ultrabook to have a 128GB SSD (Crucial v4).

The speed of installing ubuntu was shockingly slow, worst i've ever experienced. Once installed i did some testing and the speeds show as being good and boot time is alright but when it comes to installing anything it is taking an absolute age.

Using apt-get is fine downloading, again when it comes to unpacking things go extremely slow (Took 10 minutes to install Terminator). Running firefox is becoming a burden as well.

Benchmark:

$ sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

 /dev/sda:
 Timing cached reads:   12428 MB in  2.00 seconds = 6218.55 MB/sec
 Timing buffered disk reads: 718 MB in  3.01 seconds = 238.78 MB/sec

Ultrabook Specs:

Intel i5-3317U
4GB RAM
128gb Crucial v4 SSD

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Many thanks

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_ATA explains what you should expect from the SATA interface.

By the benchmark you should a have SATA 3 interface on the motherboard.

That's is a test made on my pc (SATA 2) with a Samsung SSD using Ubuntu 13.10

  EasyNote-TJ71$ sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sda

  /dev/sda:  Timing cached reads:   3162 MB in  2.00 seconds = 1581.37
  MB/sec
  Timing buffered disk reads: 730 MB in  3.01 seconds = 242.69
  MB/sec

Installing time and loading time of webpages is capped by network speed.
Check http://www.speedtest.net/ to test network speed.

Enable noatime (I really recommend to clean install 13.10 as 12.10 is outdated). Hope that you found it helpful because newer kernels treat better SSD than older kernels.


How can I lock my screen without turning off the monitor? (Xubuntu 14.04) Xubuntu 14.04

When locking my screen, my monitor/screen turns off immediately.

I don't want that to happen immediately, I'd like to have period of about 20-60 minutes or so between the two things. Is that possible?

Whatever I set the first two sliders to, invoking xflock4 via Ctrl + Shift + Del always switches my monitor off:

Not really an answer to the question above, but a solution to mitigate the problem of turning off the monitor:

sudo apt-get remove --purge light-locker && sudo apt-get install xscreensaver

The solution is to disable Light locker, (do this first) then remove light locker

sudo apt-get remove light-locker

and then install gnome-saver

sudo apt-get install gnome-screensaver


Realtek rtl8723de wifi not working with a new kernel I was using linux kernel 5.0.4-33 generic and 5.0.4-31-generic.

But after some time i needed to reinstall the 5.0.4-33-generic kernel because it was giving me initramfs error during boot.
After reinstalling the kernel boots perfectly without errors but the there is no wifi option there while wifi works perfectly for 5.0.4-31-generic kernel.

I am using Realtek8723de driver.

i tried following these instructions

https://h30434.www3.hp.com/t5/Notebook-Wireless-and-Networking/Realtek-8723DE-wifi-module-amp-Bluetooth-Linux-driver/td-p/6477307

but the latest commit of Larry Finger's rtlwifi_new repo says

"if you are running a kernel newer than 5.0, use the drivers built into your kernel."

But this is not the case it seems. There is still no option for wifi

I am using Ubuntu 20.04

I really need this to work. Thanks in advance

Larry Finger has made a new repo for these drivers.
You can install drivers this way now:
sudo apt install git dkms
git clone https://github.com/lwfinger/rtw88.git
sudo dkms add ./rtw88
sudo dkms install rtlwifi-new/0.6

But you may have problems with previously installed drivers.

After a while i found out that linux tools was not installed

sudo apt install linux-tools-5.4.0-33 linux-tools-5.4.0-33-generic

This command worked for me


No sound output both speakers and headphone toshiba satellite m55 Xubuntu 12.10 I am running Xubuntu 12.10 and I was trying to repair the sound on the headphone jack since I had sound output through there and now I have no sound what so ever. So I think I made things worst. No sound through the speakers and no sound through the headphone. I know I did something wrong but I don't know what I did. I have pulseaudio. If I could at least get the speakers working again I'll be happy. Any help will be highly appreciated!

Try this - Navigate to this menu -  settings-> sound -> output  & try different options under play sound through. You can use Test sound button to check if choosing any of those options work for you.


Transfering files from my HTC to my laptop fails via Bluetooth, Why? I am trying to send some files from my HTC to my laptop having ubuntu 12.04 through a bluetooth; but while trying to send files i see the following error on my htc device:-

  This transfer is forbidden by the target device

What does this error means, any permission issues? or something else. What settings do I need to make so that ubuntu can accept files easily.

I am able to send files from ubuntu to htc device via Bluetooth.

This might be happening because by default ubuntu doesn't recieve files over bluetooth. One  possible solution might be to enable recieving files over bluetooth. Open the personal file sharing preferences window.
Then you'll see this window.
Just check the 'Recieve files in Downloads folder over bluetooth' and you're good to go.

For Ubuntu 18.04 and later:

File sharing can be changed in Settings -> Sharing,
which is turned OFF by default.

Also you might need to reconnect after changing this.

Here is a workaround:

sudo apt-get install mtpfs
sudo mkdir /media/onex
sudo chmod 775 /media/onex
sudo mtpfs -o allow_other /media/onex
gksu gedit /etc/udev/rules.d/51-android.rules

and add the following line:

SUBSYSTEM=="usb", SYSFS{idVendor}=="0bb4", MODE="0666"

and then:

sudo service udev restart

Didnt work for me but has for others.


Running stockfish/rykba engines with eboard I am using eboard for playing chess with automatically supported engines like gnuchess4, crafty etc. My question is:

  How can I run strong engines like stockfish, Rykba on eboard?

Stockfish mentions that it can be run with eboard, but it took me a while to figure out how.

Stockfish uses the UCI chess protocol, but eboard speaks xboard. You need to use the polyglot package to play stockfish on eboard.

To install the software:

sudo apt-get install eboard polyglot stockfish

Then you need to create a polyglot.ini in your home directory:

[PolyGlot]

EngineDir = .
EngineCommand = /usr/games/stockfish

Book = false
BookFile = book.bin

Log = false
LogFile = stockfish.log

Resign = true
ResignScore = 600

[Engine]

Use Search Log = false
Search Log Filename = SearchLog.txt
Book File = book.bin
Best Book Move = false
Contempt Factor = 0
Mobility (Middle Game) = 100
Mobility (Endgame) = 100
Passed Pawns (Middle Game) = 100
Passed Pawns (Endgame) = 100
Space = 100
Aggressiveness = 100
Cowardice = 100
Min Split Depth = 4
Max Threads per Split Point = 5
Threads = 1
Use Sleeping Threads = true
Hash = 128
Ponder = true
OwnBook = false
MultiPV = 1
Skill Level = 20
Emergency Move Horizon = 40
Emergency Base Time = 200
Emergency Move Time = 70
Minimum Thinking Time = 20
UCI_Chess960 = false
UCI_AnalyseMode = false

Then when you open eboard, go to:
Play against engine > Generic Engine > Engine Command

Type in "polyglot" in the part called "Engine command line".

That should allow you to play against stockfish using eboard.

To create a polyglot.ini file.

Open a text editor, copy and paste the text:

[Polyglot] ... UCI_AnalyseMode = false

Before you save the text file, you need authorization to save in /usr/games. So open a terminal, type:

sudo chmod 777 /usr/games

Once you enter your password. Leave the terminal open.

When you are getting ready to save the text file, the file name needs to be polyglot.ini

You need to save polyglot.ini in the same folder as polyglot.exe
So save the file in /usr/games

If you don't know how to find that folder. On the left-hand side of the save window, press computer. Go to the folder usr. Then go to games. And save polyglot.ini in that folder.

It took me a couple hours to figure that out. I am still new to Linux. I hope that helps.


How to disable touchpad on Dell Latitude E-Series (E5510, E6510)? I want to disable the touchpad. I want to keep the trackstick.
Is it possible?

The Alps touchpad is recognized by the kernel as a PS/2 Generic Mouse.
Not all its features are supported by the kernel yet.

Only a single /dev/input/event12 device is provided for both the touchpad and the trackstick. Yet it seems that windows allows to disable the touchpad.

The failure to recognise the touchpad and fallback to identifying it as a PS2 mouse is due to the hardware using a new protocol and the manufacturer not releasing the specs so that a free driver can be written.

https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/linux/+bug/550625

The protocol has been mostly reverse engineered and there is now a fix involving a patched kernel module, but it isn't completely perfect (won't do multitouch) and hasn't yet found its way into the mainstream kernels. See the discussion for details. It also tells you how to do the patch if you feel brave enough to patch your kernel.

If all you want is to be able to quickly and easily disable the touchpad so you can type, then try setting up keyboard shortcuts as follows.

xinput --set-prop "PS/2 Generic Mouse" "Device Enabled" 0

will disable the touchpad while

xinput --set-prop "PS/2 Generic Mouse" "Device Enabled" 1

will enable it again. Being able to turn the touchpad on and off with a simple key combination makes the problem bearable while we wait for a better solution.

These settings can be configured in your Control Panel > Mouse Properties. If you don't see the Dell Touchpad tab, you need to download this mouse driver from Dell.

It took me a while to figure this out too. My system is a Latitude E5510 with Windows 7 installed. Good luck!

Ha, I found this question after doing a quick Google search for the general. I'm realizing now you're probably not running Windows. Oops!


aticonfig: No supported adapters AMD Catalyst 15.7 Ubuntu 14.04 Have a fresh install of Ubuntu with no previous proprietary driver. Installed per AMD Installer notes using the GUI then added th fglrx-dev via dpkg.
Ran dpkg -l in home directory and all four show ii.

Then ran clinfo and got the following error "modprobe: ERROR: could not insert 'fglrx': No such device
Error! Fail to load fglrx kernel module! Maybe you can switch to root user to load kernel module directly, this error listed three times,  Also listed device type as CPU not GPU.

When running aticonfig --initial get "No supported adapters detected. I see a file called aticonfig  in usr/bin. I also noticed there are six X11 folders nested in bin. Not sure what that's about.  I've fought this issue for two days. How hard can it be to install a stupid driver.

I advice you to follow the instruction you could find on this page:
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BinaryDriverHowto/AMD#Installing_via_the_command_line

Check also to have enabled Backport and Partner source on APT and disable any internal graphics card if you have it.

I solved my problems like this.

Best


Poor boot-screen after interrupted install My install was interrupted because of a power cut. I recovered from it, using the command

sudo apt-get dist-upgrade

Now, I get a violet boot screen like normal, but the progress bar is shown as 4 dots, and Ubuntu is displayed in a simple font, reminiscent of the DOS era. What do I do to make it right? I have Nvidia drivers. Also, worth mentioning is that before showing the boot screen, I get a line of text saying:

............ unreliable temperature sensor.............

I use a Asus M3N78-EM, AMD Phenom II X3 720 Black Edition, 4GB DDR2, Nvidia 9400GT 512 MB.

Thanks.

Install cryptsetup package (side effect of this action is logo normalization)

Yes, that's the boot-screen.

Sidenote: No, I'm not gonna argue about the design...what you see is the right and perfect working boot screen.


Gnome Shell - How to prevent an application from starting behind the application in focus? I'm doing automated testing with Sikuli and it's important that the stuff being tested is visible on the screen. Lately, the apps/windows keep opening in the background, behind whatever is currently in focus, with the notification "[application] is ready". How do I tell Ubuntu to stop doing this?

Gnome Shell, which is used by Ubuntu, has the feature that launched applications are opened in the background. While this may be desirable in some workflows, many users will consider this an annoyance. A gnome Shell extension, appropriately named "No Annoyance", changes this behavior, and makes sure a launched application is immediately raised.

Install the extension with the command sudo apt install gnome-shell-extension-no-annoyance, or using Synaptic Manager (not installed by default) or even using "Software". To enable the extension after installation, you can use "Gnome Tweaks" (not installed by default).

There is an option in dconf-editor.

org / gnome / desktop / wm / preferences / auto-raise

It is possible that activating this option helps. It is hard for me to tell as I tried several things and I am not sure if it works consistently.

Another hack I am trying is to set
   org / gnome / desktop / wm / preferences / auto-raise-delay to 2000.

I would appreciate comments about the reflectivity of this setting.


How do I install pip with Python 3.8.0a3 on Ubuntu 19.04 $ sudo apt install python3.8
[...]
python3.8 is already the newest version (3.8.0~a3-2).

$ sudo apt install python3.8-pip
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package python3.8-pip
E: Couldn't find any package by glob 'python3.8-pip'
E: Couldn't find any package by regex 'python3.8-pip'

$ python3.8 -m pip
/usr/bin/python3.8: No module named pip

You can just install python3-pip to get pip for 3.8

sudo apt install python3-pip

Then use it like this:

python3.8 -m pip install <package name to install>


"ztemtvcdromd: no process found" when removing crossplatformui When I am doing sudo apt-get update or sudo apt-get install (any software) then this is showing in terminal

Extracting templates from packages: 100%
(Reading database ... 146237 files and directories currently installed.)
Removing crossplatformui ...
ztemtvcdromd: no process found
dpkg: error processing crossplatformui (--remove):
 subprocess installed post-removal script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 crossplatformui
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

When you remove that package it's looking for a process called ztemtvcdromd as part of the postrm scripts, and since it doesn't find it it fails. This is a bug of the maintainer of the package which should have used || exit 0 so the process never returns different code of 0.

To fix this you need to edit the /var/lib/dpkg/info/crossplatformui.postrm and modify the line sudo killall -p ztemtvcdromd to sudo killall -p ztemtvcdromd || exit 0, then you can remove it.

the best to fix this is removing the files of crossplatformui from /var/dpkg/info directory

cd /var/dpkg/info
ls | grep crossplatformui

output is similar :

crossplatformui.conffiles
crossplatformui.list
crossplatformui.md5sums
crossplatformui.postinst
crossplatformui.postrm

remove all the files

sudo rm crossplatformui.*

check if there is package by name of crossplatformui

sudo dpkg --remove --force-remove-reinstreq crossplatformui

issue the command to unstuck the package to be installed
   -f is for fixing

sudo apt-get install -f

Cheers
Acutal source : http://shekher-techprobs.blogspot.in/2012/03/removing-crossplatformui-ztemtvcdromd.html


authconfig: command not found ubuntu I'm trying to use hashcat to validate a hashing algorithm but keeping this error when using authconfig command.

error: authconfig: command not found ubuntu

Am I missing something?  I haven't installed ldap but the server is configured as LAMP.

authconfig is not packaged with Ubuntu 14.04. You can use SSSD (System Security Services Daemon (SSSD) instead. I found this useful.

You need to use authconfig command to set up SHA-256/512 hashing. This command provides a simple method of configuring /etc/sysconfig/network to handle NIS, as well as /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow, the files used for shadow password support. Basic LDAP, Kerberos 5, and SMB (authentication) client configuration is also provided.
Type the following command:

authconfig --test | grep hashing

Configure Linux Server To Use The SHA-512 algorithm

To configure the Linux system to use the SHA-512 algorithm, enter:

authconfig --passalgo=sha512 --update

Note: users need to change their passwords in order to generate hashes using SHA-512. You can force users to change their password on next login:

change -d 0 userName


Tor started by root although configured as debian-tor Upon booting Ubuntu 18 tor does not start correctly and gives the error message

 [warn] /var/lib/tor is not owned by this user (root, 0) but by debian-tor (122). Perhaps you are running Tor as the wrong user?

in the syslog. I have specified
User=debian-tor
in both

/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/tor.service

and

/etc/systemd/system/tor.service.d/override.conf

but this does not help. I cannot find any more configuration files that specify the user. Can the problem come from the fact that I also have the Tor browser installed?

I don't believe it's an interference with the browser.

I have just installed Tor on my raspberry pi with the latest software and I am experiencing the same problem.

I believe there is a bug somewhere...
P.S. I have "Tor version 0.2.9.15 (git-2dc1a1a2abab5403)"


How can I receive syslog logs from a networked system? I'd like to configure Ubuntu to receive logs from a DD-WRT router. The router's configuration screen contains the following section:

and its logging documentation reads:

  If you wish to send logs to a remote system, enter the IP address of
  that machine which is also running a syslog utility (it needs an open
  network socket in order to accept logs being sent by the router).

I've never (knowingly) used syslog before. What do I need to do in Ubuntu to allow it to receive these logs?

The host receiving the logs will need to be running some syslog daemon that is configured to listen for remote logs.  There are a number of syslog implementations in Ubuntu, but rsyslog is typically recommended, and should be installed by default.  I can't tell from the documentation in the link you posted if DD-WRT is sending logs via TCP or UDP, so it may require some experimentation to find precisely the correct settings, if you are concerned about reducing the number of network-accessible ports on your host.

There are two ways to enable this: the first is simpler, but may require re-integration when the system is upgraded.  The second is slightly more complicated, and may cause confusing results if there are significant changes to the syslog configuration as part of an update.  I would choose the second, but your preference may vary.

The first is to edit /etc/rsyslogd.conf, and remove the initial # from the following lines:

#$ModLoad imudp
#$UDPServerRun 514

or

#$ModLoad imtcp
#$InputTCPServerRun 514

The second is to create a new file, perhaps named local-enable-tcp.conf in /etc/rsyslog.d/, with the following contents:

# enable TCP syslog reception
$ModLoad imtcp
$InputTCPServerRun 514

If you want to use the separate file approach, and need UDP, change the contents to match the UDP stanza above.  The specific filename is not important, but it is recommended to start it with "local-" as this namespace is reserved for local administrator configuration, and it must end with ".conf", as only files ending like this are automatically included in the rsyslog configuration.

If you would prefer to use another syslog implementation, check the configuration and documentation for that implementation: it is likely that the syslog daemon is configured not to listen on the network by default, but example configuration to enable this common case ought be clearly documented.

Basically, you run a daemon (called a syslogd) on your server for the dd-wrt router to posts logs to.

Tutorial-
http://www.techiecorner.com/1479/how-to-setup-syslog-server-in-ubuntu/


In Xubuntu 16.04.1, how can I force external USB HD to mount as non-root user? I'm running Xubuntu 16.04.1, and backed up all my critical files to a 3-TB  external USB drive before doing a clean install. However to do so I had to use the "Send to" applet in Thunar, and work in a "sudo thunar" environment. Consequently all the backup files of my home directory are owned by "root" rather than myself.

Consequently after restoring the files I had to do a recursive "chown" to restore my user and group ownership.

I'd like to avoid this problem for future backups, but it appears that the "uid" and "gid" options are omitted from ext4 mount options, nor do I find anything equivalent that I could add to fstab to force ownership. Can anyone tell me if (a) what I want is possible for ext4 filesystems and (b) if it is, how to go about it?

Try working in a non-sudo environment?

As sudo means that the "root" user is copying it instead of the user (you). So I assume that if you do not work in a sudo environment, the user (you) who copied it will inherit the ownership of the copied files.


How to download a YouTube video? Which app should I install to download videos from YouTube?

TOS Violations
There are some programs and tools that exist to do this, but this is against YouTube's TOS.
Section 5.b :

Content is provided to you AS IS. You may access Content for your information and personal use solely as intended through the provided functionality of the Service and as permitted under these Terms of Service. You shall not download any Content unless you see a “download” or similar link displayed by YouTube on the Service for that Content. You shall not copy, reproduce, distribute, transmit, broadcast, display, sell, license, or otherwise exploit any Content for any other purposes without the prior written consent of YouTube or the respective licensors of the Content. YouTube and its licensors reserve all rights not expressly granted in and to the Service and the Content.

This basically means that unless explicitly stated otherwise, you may not download any content posted on YouTube.
Obviously, basically nobody follows this, but I do feel like I am obligated to inform you that this is, in fact, against their Terms Of Service.

Actual solution
Now that you've been informed of the TOS issues presented when doing this, there is a program that does download YouTube videos. This program is called youtube-dl.
To install it, run
sudo apt-get install youtube-dl

To use it, the syntax looks like
youtube-dl (YouTube-Video-Link)

For example
youtube-dl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ

Here's the official documentation.

If you have Firefox, install the addon DownloadHelper. It works on nearly all video platforms.


Mount remote directory using SSH How to mount a remote directory using SSH to be available  same as if it is  a local directory?

First install the module:

sudo apt-get install sshfs

Load it to kernel:

sudo modprobe fuse

Setting permissions (Ubuntu versions < 16.04):

sudo adduser $USER fuse
sudo chown root:fuse /dev/fuse
sudo chmod +x /dev/fusermount

Now we'll create a directory to mount the remote folder in.

I chose to create it in my home directory and call it remoteDir.

mkdir ~/remoteDir

Now I ran the command to mount it (mount on home):

sshfs maythux@192.168.xx.xx:/home/maythuxServ/Mounted ~/remoteDir

Now it should be mounted:

cd ~/remoteDir
ls -l

I would like to warn that, it seems that by default only the user which set up the mount can access the remote directory.
I set up a remote directory, and create a crontab with sudo crontab -e. Later I found out the backup file didn't write the remote directory at all. Then I found out that I could not cd into the remote disk as root ! So eventually I create the same task with crontab -e and everything works as I expected.


How to install BURG in dual boot Windows7/Ubuntu 12.10? Can anyone help me in  installing BURG in my dual-boot Windows7/Ubuntu 12.10 laptop?
Precautions to be taken while doing so is also  highly appreciated.

You can install Burg and Grub-Customizer (which also supports burg) by running the following commands.

sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:n-muench/burg &&
sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer &&
sudo apt-get -qq update &&
sudo apt-get install burg burg-themes grub-customizer

Use the program Grub-Customizer to edit, re-order or hide entries you don't want displayed. You can also adjust more complex settings like the resolution and default boot item.

You can then use burg-emu to "preview" your how your Burg installation will work, and change the theme if yuo wish. More information can be found in the tutorial How to make your Dual Boot better with Burg.

If you find your computer unable to boot for whatever reason, you can re-instate Grub with the help of the tutorial How to Repair, Restore, or Reinstall Grub 2 with a Ubuntu Live CD or USB.

Maybe this solution can help spanish users: http://www.taringa.net/posts/linux/15861834/_Tutorial_Como-instalar-Burg-en-Ubuntu-12_10.html


What screenshot tools are available? I have noticed that many people use images in their Ask Ubuntu answers. What software are people using?

Update:
As of Aug 2018, Shutter project hasn't had a release or security fix since 2014. Many key libraries are depreciated, it may not exist beyond Ubuntu 18.04. Consider a newer maintained alternative, such as one of the projects listed below. Know of something new and missing?  Add it!

I am using Shutter .

If you don't find it, you can check the detailed installation instructions which will give you a PPA for it.

It's a really handy screen capture application with easy to use plug-ins to give a nice touch to your screenshot and as many other to easily share the files.

It offers in-house image editing and special effects (via plug-ins) to enhance the quality of your screenshot. You can access this options via the menu (1), or the toolbar (2).

The effects here are all done with Shutter (Plug-in Reflexion and Edit auto-increment shape).

And then to publish them, I just right click in Shutter and choose Export (3). Then I publish it via Ubuntu One. I go to the directory where I published the file, right click on it and select Copy Ubuntu One public URL.

Finally here when I comment, I click on img in the small tool bar and select From the web and paste the link that was copied in the previous step.

It's easy and fully integrated.

For those on 10.04, check that you have all shutter dependencies. As you might miss some of the plug-ins. For user on Ubuntu 10.10, this should be fixed.

HotShots
Answer from SoftwareRecs. Note that, as of November 2016, HotShots hasn't been updated since 2014-Sep. The same can be said for Shutter, unfortunately.

Hotshots is a screenshot tool with some editing features. It is particularly suitable for writing documentation, but you can use it to highlight some details on a map image or what ever you want.
Features
Some important features:

Free/libre software and gratis
Can take screenshots: all screens, full screen, window, region, free hand region
Can crop those screenshots or any image inside its editor
Can add texts (where you will be able to choose the color)
Can add arrows (where you will  be able to choose the color)
Can mark stuff with rectangles / ellipses/ polygons/ curves (where you will be able to choose the color)
Can use “system” shortcuts to take a screenshot.

Platform support

Linux (needs compilation such as on Slackware Linux; Download) -- libXfixes and libqxt would be needed before compilation. Also, developer says that compiled packages are also available for Ubuntu and Arch Linux.
Windows XP/Vista/7/8

Usage
HotShots is pretty simple to use (similar to KolourPaint, MS Paint or GIMP, if you used any of them), and you may refer to its guide in case you need to know more.  As for the asked features, I have put them in an screenshot.
In the following screenshot, you would find:

the interface of the HotShots
zoom in on "Soft"
custom text written below website's title
a red colored arrow pointing to Questions
a rectangle bordering first line of your question's body
an image of a turtle added where question's stats were visible
blurred the fourth requirement of your question's body
made a free curve to make up for free hand requirement accompanied by a text box below it
highlighted with yellow color a line of the body
enclosed "Love this site?" by an ellipse
encircled kittens roaming on my desktop


Why is the .xsession-errors.old file so big? Problem

Many users (including me) found out from one moment to another that the usage disk space is really strange. One day I had 50Gb free and the next I had 3Gb, it is just crazy.

This happened with different versions of Ubuntu (11.04, 12.04 and 12.10 just to mention).

Some of those user have create question on this site, some of them:

Disk Usage Very Strange
Ubuntu 12.10 recognizes me only 3GB of free space
Why am I getting low disk space usage?

Solution

@NathanWienand have discovered that the problem was caused by the .xsession-errors.old file (it can be found on the $HOME directory) and he and others user solved the problem removing the file. An example of the size that can have this file is ~100Gb, not reasonable..

Question

Why does this happen?
Is deleting the file the only way to solve it?
Isn't there another way to solve this with a large period effect?
Does this problem affect only to 64 bits system's users?

If you have something to add here, feel free to edit the question.

You could investigate the problem. Yes, I know it's a big file, but by throwing away data and letting the computer do the work, one could:

cat .xsession-errors* | \
    egrep -v '^$' | \
    sed -e 's/[0-9][0-9]\+/#NUM#/g'  | \
    sort | \
    uniq -c | \
    sort -rn | \
    tee counts.out | \
    less -XMersj3

Some messages (on my system without the problem) like:

     38 /usr/share/software-center/softwarecenter/ui/gtk3/widgets/exhibits.py:#NUM#: Warning: Source ID #NUM# was not found when attempting to remove it
     38   GLib.source_remove(self._timeout)
     36 (nautilus:#NUM#): Gdk-CRITICAL **: gdk_window_get_origin: assertion 'GDK_IS_WINDOW (window)' failed

happen more often (38, 38, 36 times) than others, and therefore deserve more investigation.

Others:

 1 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: ccp
 1 compiz (core) - Info: Loading plugin: animation

Another thing to do is to look for deleted, but still open files:

 sudo lsof / | egrep 'PID|(deleted)'

Look for large SIZE/OFF values.

And look for large open files:

sudo lsof / | \
    awk '{if($7 > 1048576) print $7/1048576 "MB" " " $9 }' | \
    sort -n -u

I am not sure why this happens, but this is a bit big for a comment.

I would just stop them being created by running these command:

rm .xsession-errors.old

touch .xsession-errors.old

sudo chattr +i .xsession-errors.old

So delete the file, create a new one, and then set the immutable attribute to stop anything writing or reading it.

You will need to logout.

Hope it helps.


Will installing Ubuntu erase all the data from the existing Windows, despite using VirtualBox? I have Windows 10 and now I want to install Ubuntu using VirtualBox.
While installing Ubuntu, I'm getting a warning saying that to install I need to erase the disk, which will automatically will delete all the files and documents in all operating systems.
So, how can I install Ubuntu while keeping all my files & documents safe?

If you are getting the warning message inside Ubuntu, it's ok!
It will only affect the "virtual hard disk space".  if you have provided any.
Just proceed, you'll be ok, take a look at the screen shot for how to make a virtual hard disk:


Will ubuntu work on my computer? Here are the specs:
Microsoft Windows XP Media Center Edition Version 2002 SP3

Packard Bell.
Intel (R) Pentium (R) D CPU 2.80GHz
1.00 Gb of RAM

In theory - yes - is the short answer.  You meet the minimum recommend specifications.

The quickest way to find out is to download the ISO and either burn it onto a CD or write it to a USB stick.

Follow the 1 - 2 - 3 guide on the Ubuntu website.

You can Ubuntu from what is called a live CD - if everything looks ok - go ahead and install

as an installation from windows (this is called a wubi install) - or
as a side-by-side installation (called a dual boot) - or even
just say goodbye to windows and wipe your hard-drive clean during installation with a Ubuntu only install.

There is more than Ubuntu for you to explore as well (download links below)....

Lubuntu
Xubuntu
Kubuntu
Ubuntu

It will work Although it will be good to update your RAM to 2GB or even 4GB. I had 1.9GHz CPU and it worked fine with 10.04 and I don't think there is much thinks to make it not work! But my advice is install 10.10 and if it performs well upgrade to 11.10.


How do I switch from Ubuntu to Lubuntu? I have an installation disc of Ubuntu 12.04 but now I need to install Lubuntu 13.04. What are the steps to be followed?

You can either install Ubuntu from the disk you have and then install the lubuntu-desktop meta-package.

Or just grab and install from a Lubuntu CD. The bandwidth required will be similar.


Adobe Flash installation problem in Xubuntu 16.04.1 i386 This question and answer may be applicable to other Ubuntu distros.

After I installed Xubuntu 16.04.1 on my i386 laptop I noticed that I soon got a notice from the updater that the Adobe Flashplayer could not be found. I also looked at Firefox and when I visited a game on Facebook that I play with my spouse I could see that Firefox requires flash because I was prompted to have it installed.

I searched for the Adobe Flashplayer in the Xubuntu software but I was unable to find it.

You can install Flash by enabling Canonical Partner and running

sudo apt update
sudo apt install adobe-flashplugin

I visited the following URL https://get.adobe.com/flashplayer/

This allows one to download an apt/deb, however when I attempted to do so Xubuntu attempts to open this instead of downloading it, and as a result it will fail. How then to download flash and install it?

Where the Adobe web page says select version to download choose ".tar.gz for Linux"

At the above URL we need to download the .tar.gz file instead, because this prompts the user to save the file to the users downloads folder rather than open it. The file is flash_player_npapi_linux.i386.tar.gz.

Once this file is in the downloads folder navigate there, this can be done via Firefox downloads menu, click on the blue arrow at the top of the menu then use the folder icon beside the download name to open the folder. After the folder opens at this point you can then close Firefox if you so wish.

Once in the downloads folder the user will be in their file manager. Right click on the icon of flash_player_npapi_linux.i386.tar.gz and choose "Extract Here" from the context menu. This will create a folder called flash_player_npapi_linux.i386.

Open the folder, inside you will find all the files needed to install the Flashplayer, and importantly a readme.txt file. This file explains how to install the software. The command line is used, but it is not hard to do so. Importantly insofar as Xubuntu is concerned, the location of the Firefox plugin folder isn't given in the instruction so you will need to know what it is. That folder is located at /usr/lib/firefox/browser/plugins/ in Xubuntu. Its location may be different in other distros. You also have to be root because that folder requires permissions to change it, so all terminal commands will require sudo. Its not hard to do!

The first thing is to copy libflashplayer.so into the plugins folder. In the folder we currently have open "flash_player_npapi_linux.i386" right click somewhere in the window (not on an icon) and from the context menu choose "Open Terminal Here".

When the terminal opens you will see a command line, copy and paste the following into the terminal. Copy it from here, and then right click at the terminal prompt, and choose paste, when the line appears you may then press enter to execute the line. You will be prompted to enter the root password, so you must know what it is.

sudo cp libflashlayer.so /usr/lib/firefox/browser/plugins/

After you enter the root password the file will be copied into the directory.

You must also copy the user settings into the appropriate directory, enter the following command and press enter to execute it. You will not need to enter the root password this time.

sudo cp -r usr/* /usr

You must then restart Firefox to have it use the plugin.

As soon as I restarted Firefox, returned to Facebook, and navigated to the game I wanted to play with my spouse, I could see that the Flashplayer was working, loaded, and I was able to play it.

I hope this is useful.


How to restore a system after accidentally removing all kernels? I was trying to delete old kernels, but I must have deleted all of the kernels on my Ubuntu 11.04 laptop. Is there any way to fix this via USB boot or mounting hard drive on another system?

Boot into a live CD (or live USB), mount some systems, chroot into it and install the kernel. After a successful installation of the kernel, unmount the filesystems.

Open Terminal
Mount the Ubuntu partition: sudo mount /dev/sdXY /mnt
Mount some special partitions:

sudo mount --bind /dev /mnt/dev
sudo mount --bind /proc /mnt/proc
sudo mount --bind /sys /mnt/sys

(optional) When you are connected to a network, use the DNS servers from your Live environment (otherwise host names can possibly not be resolved):

cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/resolv.conf

Chroot into the /mnt: sudo chroot /mnt
Install the Linux kernel: apt-get install linux-image-generic (no sudo required as you are root after a chroot)
After a successful installation of the kernel, get out the chroot and unmount some filesystems:

exit
sudo umount /mnt/sys
sudo umount /mnt/proc
sudo umount /mnt/dev
sudo umount /mnt

Reboot and remove CD or USB: sudo reboot

When I removed my kernel I found this solution on Ubuntu Forums. I followed every step and system was recovered. Hope it would help you.

A chroot might work, chroot means that when you start a system you change the root file system. For example you started from a live CD but you change the root "/" to where your ubuntu is installed.

Lets say your ubuntu is installed on /dev/sda2 then you can try the following commands:

Code:

sudo mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
sudo cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/
sudo cp /etc/hosts /mnt/etc/
sudo mount --bind /dev/ /mnt/dev
sudo chroot /mnt
mount -t proc none /proc
mount -t sysfs none /sys
mount -t devpts none /dev/pts
export HOME=/root
export LC_ALL=C
dbus-uuidgen > /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
dpkg-divert --local --rename --add /sbin/initctl
ln -s /bin/true /sbin/initctl

now you're root "/" is on /dev/sda2, try installing the kernel

apt-get update
apt-get install linux-image-2.6.32-26-generic
update-initramfs -cv -k all
update-grub

I had to do a little guesswork here since I never had to do this before but this should be about it. Don't know if you get some fstab error warning (like can't find root).

Now you need to clean up some stuff and unmount the mounted partitions:
Code:

rm /etc/resolv.conf
rm /etc/hosts
rm /var/lib/dbus/machine-id
rm /sbin/initctl
dpkg-divert --rename --remove /sbin/initctl
umount /proc # if this doesn't work try umount -lf /proc
umount /sys
umount /dev/pts
exit
sudo umount /mnt

And you can reboot to see if it worked.

URL for the thread: http://art.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1688928


How can I get grub2 to boot a different option only on the next boot? I am setting up a dual booting headless Linux / Windows machine. I mostly want the machine to always boot up to Ubuntu, except for occasionally when I need to test something in windows.

I've installed Windows and Ubuntu, and currently it boots up to Ubuntu every time. I would like to be able to tell it to boot to Windows on the next boot only and then when I restart from Windows have the system return to booting Ubuntu.

I found Grub Legacy - section 4.3.1 - Booting once-only but I am using Ubuntu 14.04 server which has the newer version of grub. From what I've read, I need to make some changes to /etc/default/grub and use sudo grub-set-default when I want to boot to Windows.

I think those changes start with adding this to /etc/default/grub:

GRUB_DEFAULT=saved
GRUB_SAVEDEFAULT=false

Anytime changes are made to /etc/default/grub I know that I need to then run
sudo update-grub and which results in:

Generating grub configuration file ...
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-43-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-43-generic
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-32-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-32-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /boot/memtest86+.bin
Found Windows 7 (loader) on /dev/sda1
done

Since Windows is the 7th option in that list I believe I would run sudo grub-set-default 6 (0 based counting) - is this correct and is there a different method to get a numbered list of boot choices after the system is already booted?

Also, are the lines in /etc/default/grub sufficient to achieve this behavior or do I need to add additional configuration?

You need to make sure you have GRUB_DEFAULT=saved in your grub config (which is autogenerated, you change this part of it by editing /etc/default/grub). sudo update-grub to make the changes active and then use sudo grub-reboot $1.

grep -i "menuentry '" /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Will give you the menuentries that you can cut-paste in for $1. Or, as you note the options are zero-indexed, so the n-th menuentry can be had by passing (n-1) to grub-reboot.

See eg

How to reboot into Windows from Ubuntu?
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/43196/how-can-i-tell-grub-i-want-to-reboot-into-windows-before-i-reboot
https://superuser.com/questions/285755/boot-to-windows-once-from-grub-then-back-to-ubuntu-on-next-boot.

Not tested by me as I don't have a 'Windows 7' install.

Try installing grub-customizer (installation guide below) to your Ubuntu system. This GUI tool will provide you a nice set of options with that you can configure your GRUB settings, including names and order of the boot options, default system, screen resolution, fonts, background etc...
I am not sure if it has the ability to directy set what you want, but at least it can show you the os numbers. They can be referenced by their name too, I think.

How to install grub-customizer:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:danielrichter2007/grub-customizer
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install grub-customizer

(source: launchpad - daniel richter)


How do I remove a folder? I am a new user and I am trying to remove a specific folder.  I am using sudo rm /path/, but it is not working.  What is the correct command to use?

It is a file catolog I am attempting to remove but I am geting a message that it is empty.

Be sure the folder is really empty (hidden files/folders might be in there). Look at the file contents again with

sudo ls -lha /path/

If you're absolutely certain that it doesn't contain anything you want to have (including subdirectories), delete it with

sudo rm -r -f /path/

-r is for recursive, so it will delete the folder and subfolders, even if it is non-empty
-f is for force (this might be unnecessary).

If you would like to delete the contents and overwite the data on your drive try using shread. It only removes files so to remove everything in the directory use;
sudo find <directory_name> -depth -type f -exec shred -vz -n 5 --remove=wipe {} +

then remove the empty directory
rm -rf <directory_name>


Ubuntu won't shut down or restart When I shut down or restart my laptop with Ubuntu 15.04, the screen goes off but the LED lights are still on. In other words the laptop does not fully go off when a try to shut down or restart the system. What could be the issue?

If you have held down the power button for 10 seconds or longer or unplug for 10 seconds or longer then remove the battery and reinstall?  Bob


Dwarf Fortress starting during apt-get upgrade When I run apt-get upgrade on my Ubuntu 17.04 machine, sometimes it starts Dwarf Fortress by itself.

It has happened already at least two times, so it was probably not just some sort of one time thing. Also, the execution ofapt-get upgrade seemed to be paused until I manually quit the Dwarf Fortress, so it most probably wasn't caused by something else running in that time.

The console at that time said Unpacking xxx. where xxx was something with mysql in name. I don't however know which package exactly, as today, apt-get upgrade upgraded a lot of mysql related packages.

I would like to know what happens and how to stop it from happening.

With a question as weird as this, it's of course impossible to say for sure -- but I'll eat my hat if my first hunch isn't correct. :)

The only way I can think of, how such unrelated things could be linked is this:
After installing (well, extracting) Dwarf Fortress, instead of going to the directory every time and running it with ./df, you wanted to be able to run it from anywhere, like any old command. You added the Dwarf Fortress directory to your $PATH, before the system directories, perhaps by chance, perhaps because you noticed it didn't work otherwise, and you'd instead just get information about your filesystems.

Dwarf Fortress's executable is named df, which is also the name of a system tool for displaying disk space usage of your filesystems, creating a collision. By making it so that when you type df, Dwarf Fortress starts, you've shadowed the system tool, so when a script wants to - let's say - check if you have enough free space for unpacking an archive, instead of invoking df - the system tool - it'll start Dwarf Fortress instead. And after you quit Dwarf Fortress, the poor little script will be very confused as to why it wasn't given the disk usage information it asked for.

Anyway, thanks for the laugh, this has to be among the funniest problems I've ever seen voiced on StackExchange. :)

My hunch is similar to Aleksi's, but I suspect you might have moved the Dwarf Fortress binary to /usr/local/bin or /usr/bin (and hopefully not /bin).

Try running sudo which df in your terminal. If it doesn't say /bin/df, try moving the file specified in the which output to /usr/games/ (you'll be able to run the game in the future by running /usr/games/df). Apt should work again after that.

======

Otherwise, in the scenario where sudo which df says /bin/df, try running /bin/df. If that has been overwritten with the game, you'll need to move the game binary as mentioned above, and sudo apt-get install --reinstall coreutils.

If that fails because df is missing, you may need to resort to more drastic measures (like either creating a fake script to replace df temporarily, or manually downloading the package and extracting the df binary from it).


Installation Size of Wine Can anyone tell me how much data will I need to install WINE to system since I am running low on mobile data.
I have 1.5 GB data daily on my phone so it's hard for me since it says need 2006 MB disk space so can anyone confirm me how much data will I need.
And is there any way to pause the installation and resume back on terminal.
Sorry if this question seems stupid but I searched for the size but can't find any answer.

Guessing and Googling is bad method here.
To install Wine you usually need to add support of 32-bit CPU architecture with

$ dpkg --add-architecture i386
$ sudo apt-get update
...
Fetched 27,9 MB in 22s (1 296 kB/s)

Note 27.9 MB in the output above.
Then we can ask APT to run a "simulation" for us to get output like shown below:

$ sudo apt-get install --assume-no wine wine32
...
0 upgraded, 252 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 139 MB of archives.
After this operation, 1 003 MB of additional disk space will be used.

The above output got from Ubuntu MATE 20.04 LTS fully updated VM, note the 139 MB in the output above.
So we will spend 28 + 139 = 167 MB mobile data traffic and not 1.3 GB as other user states.

The download size for Wine is about 1.3 GB (for version 5.0).
you can just google it:
wine download size


How do I install the Nvidia driver for a GeForce GT 630 I recently installed 14.04.

But now I need a new driver for my nVidia GeForce GT 630. The former driver was rejected as not compatible with the 64-bit. I found that other driver and when I wanted to install it in the terminal with sh I was called first to stop the x-server. It cannot be installed with running x-server.

So how do I install them?

You can download the driver for your video card for Ubuntu 64bit from here. Assuming that you are using Ubuntu 64bit now. If you installed Ubuntu 32 bit, there is 331 version of the same driver for Ubuntu 32bit. Save your driver somewhere where you can easily access it, like your user home directory or inside a newly created nvidia  directory in your user home directory.

To be able to install your nvidia driver you have to remove your previous video driver with this code in a terminal window:

    sudo apt-get remove nvidia* && sudo apt-get autoremove

After you finish with this one, you should also blacklist the nouveau driver by editing this file with either:

    gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

or

    sudo nano /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-nouveau.conf

…and add these lines at the end:

    blacklist nouveau
    blacklist lbm-nouveau
    options nouveau modeset=0
    alias nouveau off
    alias lbm-nouveau off

If, by any chance, there is no blacklist-nouveau.conf present in /etc/modprobe.d/, you can save your file as blacklist-nouveau.conf when prompted.

And you can also disable the Kernel Nouveau by typing these lines in a terminal window:

    echo options nouveau modeset=0 | sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/nouveau-kms.conf

and after that

    update-initramfs -u

Now you can reboot your computer, and when you get to the login prompt, press Ctrl+Alt+F1 to exit to the terminal console. Login with your username and password.

Go to the directory where you saved your nvidia driver using the command cd in the terminal console. Eg. cd nvidia considering that you are already in your user home directory after you login. You can use command dir to be able to see your exact driver's name.

To stop your display manager or the X server, you can type in the console this code:

   sudo stop lightdm   or

   sudo lightdm stop

If you are not using lightdm as your default display manager (DM), replace lightdm with your default display manager, which can be either kdm or gdm or whatever your display manager is.

You should get a message in the terminal console saying --> lightdm stopped/waiting

And now you can finally install the nvidia driver using a code similar to this one:

  sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64.....run    (for Ubuntu 64bit)

or

  sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86.....run    (for Ubuntu 32bit)

If you don't type the exact name of the driver, you'll get this message: NVIDIA-Linux... could not be found and you should type again the code for installing the driver.

Nvidia installer automatically installs the driver, and at the end it will ask you whether you want to save your new X configuration. Press Yes. After reboot and getting to your desktop and changing your NVIDIA settings as you please you should open a terminal window and type in this code:

  sudo nvidia-xconfig

to save your new nvidia configuration in /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

Note

You might need to install some extra software packages if nvidia installer gives an error and prompts for missing dependencies:

    sudo apt-get install dkms fakeroot build-essential linux-headers-generic

But you need to install all these missing packages only if nvidia-installer can't do the job by itself.

It can happen that after reboot your system shows a black screen or enters the low graphics mode. To fix this you should exit again to the console terminal, login with your username and password, and use the code provided above  sudo nvidia-xconfig and also make use of the following tutorial. It is meant to fix the greeter assuming that they haven't fixed this bug in Ubuntu 14.04.

You should try the nouveau driver with bumblebee. I got stuck with it because for some reason, in ubuntu gnome 14.04.1 amd64, installing any nvidia proprietary driver has the result of gnome shell being unable to load successfully. Although, if you use optirun glxspheres64 or primusrun glxspheres64 the fps is very low, in games it appeears to be vary robust. I play NFS World and WOT and the performance is quite better than using nvidia 331 with bumblebee.


Is there a faster way to only occupy disk space than dd In order to test that our systems correctly detect that they are running out of space, we just need large files on the disk where we do not care about their content at all. At the moment we use dd if=/dev/zero [...] to create them which takes awfully long especially when writing multiple hundreds of gigabytes to consumer grade SATA disks.

Is there a way to speed this up? I'm thinking of just writing the information that the file exists to the file system table without writing the content of the file, ending up with a huge file containing whatever was written on the disk before.

I think that the limitation will be the write BW of your disks. Anyway, it is important too to choose the right blocksize:

⌂89% [romano:~/tmp] % time dd if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=2M
2097152+0 records in
2097152+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1,1 GB) copied, 12,6078 s, 85,2 MB/s
dd if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=2M  0,37s user 3,18s system 27% cpu 12,721 total
⌂86% [romano:~/tmp] % time dd bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=1k
1024+0 records in
1024+0 records out
1073741824 bytes (1,1 GB) copied, 11,671 s, 92,0 MB/s
dd bs=1M if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=1k  0,00s user 1,10s system 9% cpu 11,783 total
⌂64% [romano:~/tmp] % time dd bs=100M if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=10
10+0 records in
10+0 records out
1048576000 bytes (1,0 GB) copied, 10,3397 s, 101 MB/s
dd bs=100M if=/dev/zero of=test1.tmp count=10  0,00s user 1,16s system 11% cpu 10,457 total

...as you can see the speed is more or less limited to around 100 MB/s, but the CPU usage varies wildly (the default blocksize of dd is 512 bytes).

The correct solution is fallocate, as in the linked duplicate.

If you use BTRFS, you can easily decrease your file system size:

btrfs filesystem resize <size> <mount point>

Maybe you should set up a test instance in an LXC container or chroot with limited file system space, thus you could test out-of-space and other conditions there.

If you really want to go the way to create a big file, I don't know of a way faster than dd, though theoretically one could assign free blocks to a file without actually writing to those blocks. Though this would need some filesystem-level hacking – maybe fallocate does that, though I never used it.


How to remove an icon from the menu bar without uninstalls? I know, one can uninstall or blacklist a particular app or service so that it doesn't show up on the top menu bar, but is there a way you can voluntarily, and safely (without any Terminal bashing or changing the system (read uninstall)) remove an icon?

For example, I don't need Ubuntu One now, or the Mail icon. There are different ways of doing that, like uninstalling Empathy and Thunderbird, but I need those apps once a while.

So my question is: How do I simply, peacefully, remove a certain icon from the menu bar without uninstalling or blacklisting any app or service?

you can delete the icon or name without UN-installing the application.
1--> go to menu bar
2--> right click
3--> select INTERNET or which name for the INTERNET service
4--> right side the applications list are shown
5--> just uncheck the check box of the application you want.


Ubuntu 14.04 slow wireless connection I recently installed Ubuntu 14.04 on my Dell XPS 15 9530.

Now, everything except the wireless connection works fine. I've googled, and found this solution, but it didn't change anything for me (i.e. I added "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" to "/etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf").

I'm not sure what next steps I should take to solve this problem. I've read somewhere that updating the kernel might help I ran the command "uname -r" and got "3.13.0-24-generic" back, which implies i have the kernel version 3.13 and not the newest 3.18 according to this.

If anyone has an idea what to try next or can point me somewhere, that would be awesome.

I would edit the file gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf and change
 options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1 to
 options iwlwifi 11n_disable=8 then save, exit, reboot
This should bring back the wifi speed

You don't need to worry about kernel 3.18 as if you use the software update program, it should install the latest Ubuntu kernel and I think that is 3.13.0-46 or -47 now.

Try to change your WiFi channel on your router..

sudo iwlist wlan0 scan | grep \(Channel

will output the most congregated channels. For more info please visit this page:
http://www.howtogeek.com/197268/how-to-find-the-best-wi-fi-channel-for-your-router-on-any-operating-system/


Which of these are Ubuntu partitions I can safely delete from Windows? I am trying to uninstall Ubuntu by following these directions, but I have a question. Which partitions do I delete? I am assuming it is the three blank ones, but why would Ubuntu have three partitions? So I just wanted to make sure.

Unless you have installed a third operating system, these are your Ubuntu partitions:

Right-click to remove these partitions one-by-one, and then right-click the first (C:) to extend it across the unallocated space OR create a new partition in there.

Use Windows' diskpart tool to get more info without booting a LiveCD

You can get some more information on the two 8 GB partitions from within Windows by using the diskpart command:

Open a command-prompt as administrator.
Type diskpart, you will get a prompt.
Type select disk 0, and then select part 3
Type detail part, and you should get something like this:

Partition 3
Type  : 82
Hidden: Yes
Active: No
Offset in Bytes: 442499072000

Type 82 is swap, while type 83 is regular Linux (ext4, etc.). Do the same for the fourth partition, with select part 4. If either of those are NOT type 82/83, you should boot a LiveCD and investigate further with gParted as Eliah Kagan's answer recommends.

Ubuntu only uses one extended partition - do you know how much space you allocated to your Ubuntu partiton when you first dual-booted?


Right clicking a file, Can't delete files/folders, no option to delete. I have some files and folders that I can't delete. I click menu -> right click and the delete option is not available.

I can delete by using the terminal, but I'd prefer to do it from the GUI.

It's something to do with permissions, can someone help?

Make the current user owns everything inside the folder,itself as well as the parent folder.

chown $USER -R /desired.folder

change the name of the folder that contains those files or folders.

for example: The_name_of_the_root_folder_that_contains_the_not_manageable_files
change it to 1 or Name


What is the difference between the core, full, extras and light packages for nginx? nginx on Ubuntu is a virtual package provided by one of five packages from the official repositories (at least as of 14.04, defaulting to nginx-core, I believe):

$ apt-cache depends nginx | tail -n+2 | cut -d: -f 2 | sort -u
 nginx-core
 nginx-extras
 nginx-full
 nginx-light
 nginx-naxsi

What is the difference between these packages and what are the recommended use cases for them?

This somewhat old Debian Wiki page has a feature comparison between extras, full, light and naxsi, but no mention is made of core. How much of it has changed in 14.04?

secondary
As I understand it, nginx doesn't support runtime enabling of modules like Apache does, so would installing nginx-extras impact performance?

While Steven's answer touches on the key points and a very basic summary of what each flavor is, I'll give you a much larger description of the differences, as I work on the packaging quite a bit, and the very different sets of modules in each is absolutely critical to a good answer.  The basic descriptions don't do much justice to the comparison.  (Also, kudos to Steven quoting my older blog (and even referring to me as a 'maintainer'.  I meant to port the nginx-is-coming-to-main post to my newer blog, but I haven't had the opportunity.)

Also note that the latest packages for the NGINX web server are available in the NGINX PPAs, maintained by myself, based almost entirely off of Debian.  (Stable PPA (1.6.2 as of this post); Mainline PPA (1.7.7 as of this post, with 1.7.8 slated to land on December 4, 2014))

The Different Flavors of nginx:

The different flavors are all the same version of nginx, however the flavors were decided upon by the Debian package maintainers in order to provide different feature sets (for nginx-extras) as well as the bare minimum and the most feature-effective 'full' set of functions that web servers tend to have used in websites.  The exact reason a feature was chosen over another is not known to me, however in supplementary discussion with one of the Debian maintainers on IRC, a statement was made affirming my initial assessment, that each variant was intended on being a different set of features for a different use case - light for a lightweight set of features that meets bare minimum of site hosting, full for a more full set of features without including any much-heavier extras, and extras for pretty much everything that is in the package that can be included in Ubuntu.  naxsi, prior to 15.04, was the Naxsi variant specifically with only the bare minimum of modules in it, as naxsi could be fairly resource intensive.

Supposedly, according to one of the Debian maintainers of NGINX who is regularly coordinating with Upstream NGINX in a private conversation of which I cannot currently post logs, NGINX 2.x is going to have loadable module support.  In which case, light, full, and extras will become metapackages which call upon the individual packages containing each module.  The date this becomes the case is not known, however, nor is which modules will actually be capable of doing this.

As it currently stands, the nginx virtual package is designed to just install one of the available versions.  By default, as nginx-core is in main and we would love if individuals used it more, nginx-core is the first item seen and install-attempted in the virtual package.  (However, the nginx package can rely on any one of the flavors of nginx, and is mainly there to make installation a little bit easier for those who don't need any specific flavor preference)

A detailed breakdown with the specific modules available in each variant (based off of the Vivid debian/control file and the Trusty debian/control file (as the Naxsi packages have been removed in Vivid)) is available below.  Note that this does not reflect the most up to date changes in Ubuntu, and you should refer to those package descriptions to make sure you have updated, accurate information:

nginx-core is the only flavor in the Main section of the Ubuntu Repositories, as of 14.04, and exists only in the Ubuntu repositories (and is not in the PPAs or Debian, and is not going to be included in Debian ever).  It is effectively identical to the nginx-full flavor, but does not contain any third party modules.  The reasoning behind using nginx-full as the base for this variant was that we wanted to provide a relatively-full-fledged set of core modules in the built binaries, while keeping third party modules out at the same time.  As such, it does not contain any of the third-party modules, since the Security Team did a review of the code and found that third party modules have widely varying coding styles which aren't as nicely supported as the nginx-tarball-included modules (this is discussed more in-depth in the Main Inclusion Request/Report bug, which contains the discussion points and further review discussions as to what could be included in Ubuntu Main for nginx).  A full list of the modules enabled here is in the package description, which I've nitpicked here:

  STANDARD HTTP MODULES: Core, Access, Auth Basic, Auto Index, Browser,
  Charset, Empty GIF, FastCGI, Geo, Gzip, Headers, Index, Limit Requests,
  Limit Zone, Log, Map, Memcached, Proxy, Referer, Rewrite, SCGI,
  Split Clients, SSI, Upstream, User ID, UWSGI.

  OPTIONAL HTTP MODULES: Addition, Debug, GeoIP, Gzip Precompression, HTTP Sub,
  Image Filter, IPv6, Real IP, Spdy, SSL, Stub Status, Substitution, WebDAV,
  XSLT.

  MAIL MODULES: Mail Core, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSL.

nginx-light is the lightest flavor of nginx available.  It is in the Universe repository and you have to have that enabled to use it.  It does not enable a large amount of the modules available in -core or -full.  It also contains third-party modules.  The modules available in it are as follows:

  STANDARD HTTP MODULES: Core, Access, Auth Basic, Auto Index, Charset,
  Empty GIF, FastCGI, Gzip, Headers, Index, Log, Map, Proxy, Rewrite, Upstream.

  OPTIONAL HTTP MODULES: Auth Request, Debug, Gzip Precompression, IPv6, Real
  Ip, SSL, Stub Status.

  THIRD PARTY MODULES: Echo.

nginx-full is one of the more feature-rich flavors of the nginx package.  Like its light counterpart, it is in the Universe repository.  It enables most of the core included modules that are standard and optional in the from-nginx source tarball, as well as several more third-party modules designed to extend the capabilities of the nginx web server.  It's modules are as follows:

  STANDARD HTTP MODULES: Core, Access, Auth Basic, Auto Index, Browser,
  Charset, Empty GIF, FastCGI, Geo, Gzip, Headers, Index, Limit Requests,
  Limit Zone, Log, Map, Memcached, Proxy, Referer, Rewrite, SCGI,
  Split Clients, SSI, Upstream, User ID, UWSGI.

  OPTIONAL HTTP MODULES: Addition, Auth Request, Debug, GeoIP, Gzip
  Precompression, HTTP Sub, Image Filter, IPv6, Real IP, Spdy, SSL, Stub Status,
  Substitution, WebDAV, XSLT.

  MAIL MODULES: Mail Core, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSL.

  THIRD PARTY MODULES: Auth PAM, DAV Ext, Echo, HTTP Substitution Filter,
  Upstream Fair Queue.

nginx-extras is the most feature-rich flavor of the nginx package.  And like its full and light brothers, it too is in the Universe repository.  It enables all of the modules in nginx-full but also includes additional modules (such as the Perl module), and many more third-party modules designed to even further extend the capabilities of the nginx web server.  Its full modules list is below:

  STANDARD HTTP MODULES: Core, Access, Auth Basic, Auto Index, Browser,
  Charset, Empty GIF, FastCGI, Geo, Gzip, Headers, Index, Limit Requests,
  Limit Zone, Log, Map, Memcached, Proxy, Referer, Rewrite, SCGI,
  Split Clients, SSI, Upstream, User ID, UWSGI.

  OPTIONAL HTTP MODULES: Addition, Auth Request, Debug, Embedded Perl, FLV,
  GeoIP, Gzip Precompression, Image Filter, IPv6, MP4, Random Index, Real IP,
  Secure Link, Spdy, SSL, Stub Status, Substitution, WebDAV, XSLT.

  MAIL MODULES: Mail Core, IMAP, POP3, SMTP, SSL.

  THIRD PARTY MODULES: Auth PAM, Chunkin, DAV Ext, Echo, Embedded Lua,
  Fancy Index, HttpHeadersMore, HTTP Substitution Filter, http push,
  Nginx Development Kit, Upload Progress, Upstream Fair Queue.

nginx-naxsi is the variant of nginx which has the Naxsi Web Application Firewall module available.  It too is in Universe, however this flavor is no longer supported by Debian maintainers, and will be completely dropped from Ubuntu with the 15.04 release.  In addition to the Naxsi WAF module, it also includes a much lighter set of modules than nginx-full. The full list of modules is below:

  STANDARD HTTP MODULES: Core, Access, Auth Basic, Auto Index, Browser,
  Charset, Core, Empty GIF, FastCGI, Geo, Gzip, Headers, Index,
  Limit Requests, Limit Zone, Log, Map, Memcached, Proxy, Referer,
  Rewrite, Split Clients, SSI, Upstream, User ID.

  OPTIONAL HTTP MODULES: Debug, IPv6, Real IP, SSL, Stub Status.

  THIRD PARTY MODULES: Naxsi, Cache Purge, Upstream Fair.

Resource Usage Among the Flavors

While I am not aware of any benchmarks that have been run on the various flavors of nginx, it is typically logical to assume that the more feature-enabled the version of nginx you use, the more resources it would use.

However, unlike Apache which can be something of a memory whore with the more modules enabled, nginx still does not eat as much memory compared to Apache when modules are enabled.  (The exception to this statement is the naxsi flavor.  That flavor always eats a lot more resources, as it is a Web Application Firewall as well as a web server.)

I will add benchmarks to this answer if I find them, but again, I am not aware of any existing benchmarks for the various flavors against each other.  And even though the sites I run don't have heavy traffic, I haven't noticed any real performance decrease between nginx-extras, nginx-full, or nginx-light on a PHP-driven site.

I made some tables based on the descriptions from https://salsa.debian.org/nginx-team/nginx/-/blob/master/debian/control (which, as of writing, was last updated on June 30, 2020).  Given that the tables and the descriptions they're based on are hand-generated, there might be mistakes.

Standard modules
nginx-core
nginx-full
nginx-light
nginx-extras

Core
X
X
X
X

Access
X
X
X
X

Auth Basic
X
X
X
X

Auto Index
X
X
X
X

Browser
X
X

X

Empty GIF
X
X
X
X

FastCGI
X
X
X
X

Geo
X
X

X

Limit Connections
X
X

X

Limit Requests
X
X

X

Map
X
X
X
X

Memcached
X
X

X

Proxy
X
X
X
X

Referer
X
X

X

Rewrite
X
X
X
X

SCGI
X
X
X
X

Split Clients
X
X

X

UWSGI
X
X
X
X

Optional modules
nginx-core
nginx-full
nginx-light
nginx-extras

Addition
X
X

X

Auth Request
X
X
X
X

Charset
X
X
X
X

WebDAV
X
X
X
X

FLV

X

GeoIP
X
X

X

Gunzip
X
X

X

Gzip
X
X
X
X

Gzip Precompression
X
X
X
X

Headers
X
X
X
X

HTTP/2
X
X
X
X

Image Filter
X
X

X

Index
X
X
X
X

Log
X
X
X
X

MP4

X

Embedded Perl

X

Random Index

X

Real IP
X
X
X
X

Slice
X
X
X
X

Secure Link

X

SSI
X
X
X
X

SSL
X
X
X
X

SSL Preread
X
X

X

Stub Status
X
X
X
X

Substitution
X
X

X

Thread Pool
X
X
X
X

Upstream
X
X
X
X

User ID
X
X

X

XSLT
X
X

X

Mail modules
nginx-core
nginx-full
nginx-light
nginx-extras

Mail Core
X
X

X

Auth HTTP
X
X

X

Proxy
X
X

X

SSL
X
X

X

IMAP
X
X

X

POP3
X
X

X

SMTP
X
X

X

Stream
nginx-core
nginx-full
nginx-light
nginx-extras

Stream Core
X
X

X

GeoIP
X
X

X

GeoIP2

X

X

Third-party modules
nginx-core
nginx-full
nginx-light
nginx-extras

Auth PAM

X

X

Cache Purge

X

DAV Ext

X

X

Echo

X
X
X

Fancy Index

X

GeoIP2

X

X

Headers More

X

Embedded Lua

X

HTTP Substitutions

X

X

Nchan

X

Upload Progress

X

Upstream Fair Queue

X

X


how do I change default MTU from 1500 to 9000 for lxdbr0 for containers created using LXD? I'm running linux containers created by LXD on ubuntu 14.04.05 . I have a lxdbr0 interface setup , but its default MTU is 1500 , how do I update it ? I tried the following command, but it doesnt work.

sudo ifconfig lxdbr0 mtu 9000
SIOCSIFMTU: Invalid argument

The syntax of your command is correct. The error you're seeing indicates that the interface (hardware) isn't Gigabit or doesn't support JumboFrames.

Source: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/jumbo_frames

Check "sudo brctl show lxdbr0". If there are other interfaces which are part of this bridge then those interfaces MTUs need to be changed to this value.

Looks like MAX bridge MTU is minimum MAX of all underlying interfaces and will be allowed a change only when those allow it.


Is HP deskjet F4488 supported? Is HP deskjet F4488 supported by Ubuntu 11.10.
if yes how to interface it and in not why not.?

According to HP, this printer has been supported using the hplip package since v3.9.6. According to the hplip package on launchpad, this printer has been supported since 10.04.

You can install hplip from the Software Center:

Then connect your printer.

If necessary, you can add your printer via the Dash - printer icon - you can select the driver manually i.e.

This is actually not really an Ubuntu question.  Printer drivers are supplied by the printer manufacturer - in this case HP.  There is also a well supported package for Ubuntu called 'hplip' which gets most HP printers working.  Check this out, and also go to the HP website and search for your printer.


Will applications in the software center receive updates of new versions? Is it possible to provide updates for software in Ubuntu 11.10 software center.
For example upcoming versions of vlc, inkscape and many others.

New versions of applications can be provided after they have made it into the development release by backports. This repository is enabled by default in 11.10, but it is not an automatic update for packages that you have installed.

Backports are built & tested mainly by volunteers, and there are some limitations on what updates can be provided, depending on how many other packages depend on them.

I know that Firefox will have version updates, like it has now in 11.04, but other software won't. Only bugfixes will be provided.
You need to install other ppas like now.


How do I add the unallocated space to my ubuntu installation after deleting the Windows XP Partition? I just deleted the Windows XP partition in the Ubuntu Live CD because I don't use windows xp anymore, now I have this

I want to add the remaining space to my ubuntu installation and make ubuntu boot on startup.

If I can see your partition map correctly, first you have to resize your extended partion to include the free space.

After that you can extend /dev/sda5.

You can only do this when Linux on /dev/sda5 is not active. So, you have to do this from another running operating system. A possible solution is to use a Linux Live CD, such as Ubuntu or Knoppix. Summarized

Download a Linux Live CD
Burn it to CD or write it to a USB memory key
Boot Linux Live from CD or USB
Start gparted from Linux Live
Resize your extended partition
Resize your Linux partition /dev/sda5
Reboot

Does this answer your question?

I made a backup and I swapped off my linux-swap because I couldn't resize my partition, after I did that I used the boot repair and now my computer works like a charm!


Is there a dynamic-multiple-monitor friendly desktop environment available for Ubuntu? I use a laptop and like to migrate during the day from one (physical) workplace to another and connect to an external monitor if available.

I also must multitask a lot, so I have a lot of windows open at any given time and many (virtual) workspaces to organize them on.

But each time I connect / disconnect the external monitor all my careful arrangement is gone. This makes me really mad.

Is there a desktop environment that just leaves the windows alone when you connect / disconnect a second monitor? Or even better, that remembers the window arrangement per monitor arrangement? So that when I went from my home office (17" monitor on top of the laptop screen) to my usual workplace (21" monitor left of the laptop screen) or my colleague's desk (19" monitor right of the latop screen), the windows end up where they were the last time that monitor was connected - or stay put if they never saw this monitor.

The way unity "handles" external monitors just makes me sad and wish I didn't have all those extra monitors to connect and once I connect it makes me chained to this arrangement, as if I had a desktop machine nailed to the floor.

I am providing you two shell scripts. It will help you to save your arrangement of windows positions and size. If somehow your desired windows arrangements get disturbed, you will be able to restore those arrangements with exact windows size and positions for all windows using these script.

You need to install wmctrl unless you already have it. Install via terminal,

sudo apt-get install wmctrl

Script to save windows configuration

# Script_Name: save_window_conf.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ -f $HOME/.my_windows_config.txt ]; then
    echo -e "Information: Previous configuration file \"$HOME/.my_windows_config.txt\" already exists.\nTo save a new configuration remove it manually using the following command,\n\n\trm $HOME/.my_windows_config.txt"
    exit 1
else
    wmctrl -p -G -l | awk '($2 != -1)&&($3 != 0)&&($NF != "Desktop")' | awk '{print $1}' | while read mywinid
    do
        xwininfo -id "$mywinid" >> $HOME/.my_windows_config.txt
    done
fi

At execution the above script will save your windows position and size for all your open windows to a file named .my_windows_config.txt in your home directory. It is a hidden text file.

Script to reload the windows configuration

# Script_Name: load_window_conf.sh
#!/bin/bash

file=$HOME/.my_windows_config.txt
declare -a mywinid
declare -a x
declare -a y
declare -a width
declare -a height

nl=$(cat "$file" | grep xwininfo |wc -l)

for i in $(seq 1 $nl)
do
    mywinid[i]=$(cat "$file" | grep "xwininfo" | awk -v p="$i" '{if(NR==p) print $4}')
    x[i]=$(cat "$file" | grep "Absolute upper-left X" | awk -v p="$i" '{if(NR==p) print $NF}')
    y[i]=$(cat "$file" | grep "Absolute upper-left Y" | awk -v p="$i" '{if(NR==p) print $NF}')
    width[i]=$(cat "$file" | grep "Width" | awk -v p="$i" '{if(NR==p) print $NF}')
    height[i]=$(cat "$file" | grep "Height" | awk -v p="$i" '{if(NR==p) print $NF}')
done

for it in $(seq 1 $nl)
do
    wmctrl -i -r "${mywinid[$it]}" -e 0,"${x[$it]}","${y[$it]}","${width[it]}","${height[it]}"
done

When you execute the second script it will restore your windows position with exact size for all your windows.

Usage

Save these scripts in your $HOME/bin/ directory. Add $HOME/bin/ in your PATH. For this add these lines at the end of your $HOME/.bashrc

PATH=$HOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH

It will enable you execute those scripts with their name only. Give the scripts execution permission,

chmod +x $HOME/bin/save_window_conf.sh
chmod +x $HOME/bin/load_window_conf.sh

To save the configuration in your $HOME/.my_windows_config.txt

After you open and adjusted all your windows run in terminal,

save_window_conf.sh

To reload the configuration from your $HOME/.my_windows_config.txt

load_window_conf.sh

Hope it will solve your problem. Here is a screen shot,

Common guide is here: Resolution

Your solutions about dynamical resolution is near to Xorg & XrandR or Xinerama

You have:
Four methods to setup

By session with .xprofile.
Dynamically by using xrandr tool
Statically by setting in xorg.conf.
Xrandr Graphical Front End GUI.

Good answer is Settings for multiple monitors are not stored

To workaround your Window Management across your workspaces you can use profiling system given by Compiz Config Manager


How to efficiently switch between several terminal windows using the keyboard? Alt+Tab lets me only switch between windows belonging to different applications.

I often use about four terminal bound applications at the same time (e.g. IPython, VIM, fish for system and fish for git).

Even using the mouse, clicking the terminal icon on the launcher being offered takes time to decide which is which. But I don't know so far any way to switch in this case using my keyboard only.

How to handle multiple terminals (and instances of same application in general) efficiently using the keyboard?

With respect to the terminal special case - is there a terminal application allowing sperate terminals in tabs?

And the Oscar goes to ...

tmux

In linux almost every terminal support tab, for example in Ubuntu with default terminal you can press:

Ctrl + Shift + T or click File / Open Tab
and you can switch between them using Alt + $ {tab_number} (*eg. Alt + 1)

also you might want to take a look at terminator

Simply hold Alt (after releasing Tab and choosing CLI window(s)) a bit longer and you will get opportunity to choose between multiple CLI windows...


How to launch a python script from .desktop launcher in Ubuntu 19.04 I recently upgraded to Ubuntu 19.04 ,previously I had 18.04.

In 18.04 the .desktop file worked normal, I was able to launch a tkinter app from my desktop but now I am not able to launch from desktop in 19.04
This is  the file

[Desktop Entry]
Name = UrlSaver
Version = 1.0
Exec = python /home/raviteja/link/url_app.py
Icon = /home/raviteja/link/app_icon.png
Path = /home/raviteja/link/
Terminal = False
Type = Application
Categories=Utility;Application;

This same file worked in Ubuntu 18.04

Double clicking is not allowed anymore,read : https://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2018/05/nautilus-remove-ability-launch-binaries-apps
See : How do I run executable scripts in Nautilus?
for partial workaround. The dozens of .desktop files i created are still NOT launch-able.....


Ubuntu Install with Win10 - Disk space is Unavailable I searched for a similar problem, but could not find it.  Sorry if this is a duplicate question.

I have an HP Touchsmart TM2 with 4GB of memory and Windows 10 installed.  I created a LiveUSB with unetbootin and Ubuntu 15.04.

Following some instruction to dual boot, I get stuck in the install process when it comes to create the root drive.  The disk space shows as "unavailable".

I was able to shrink my C: Drive and create the free space.  It shows up as Unallocated in the Windows disk management tool (see pic).

Windows Disk Management image

I then reboot into Ubuntu.  From the desktop, I select the Install:
1. Connect to Wifi
2. On prepare to Install I do not check either box (download updates, install third party software).
3. On type of install I select something else.

The volumes show up but the free space shows as "unavailable".   I select that space, but I cannot hit the "+" button to get to the next step.
Install Type Window

I quit the install at this point.

I then went back to windows and tried to create a simple partition of 120GB with NO disk drive letter.   I hit OK and get a message asking to convert the entire drive to a "dynamic drive".   Not sure I wanted to do that, so quick that.  Here is the error/information message.

"The Operation you selected will convert the selected to basic disk(s) to dynamic disk(s).  If you convert the disk(s) to dynamic, you will not be able to state installed operating systems from any volume on the disk(s) (except the current boot volume).  Are you sure you want to continue?"  YES/NO

Thanks in advance.

Your problem is, that your drive contains four primary partitions already and the MBR can not hold more than four primary partitions.

You would have to convert one of the partitions to a logical partition. This will automatically create an extended partition which holds the logical partition. Then you increase the size of the extended partition and can create more logical partitions in the extended partition up to your needs.

Don't convert the windows-system-partition C: to logical, take the Recovery-partition D:.

You can create the logical partitions for Ubuntu during install. You have to install in legacy-mode. To do that make sure that you boot the installer in legacy-mode, how you boot is how you install.

Recover the unusable space

You have will have to remove one of the partitions and create an extended partition for your Ubuntu installation.

Backup one of the Windows Recover Environment (loader) partitions, then delete it.  Then create  an extended partition.  After you have created an extended partition, you can use that space to create any number of partitions.  Make two for your Ubuntu installation.  One big one as type ext4 and one small one as type swap.  Make the swap partition about 1 1/2 times the size of the amount of ram you have.

Easy Ubuntu Install Procedure

Create a supported LiveUSB.  At present version 16.04 has the best support for the later computers shipped with Windows 10 preinstalled.

Ensure that you are in the UEFI mode.
Boot to your LiveUSB.  You should get a black screen with a menu selection.  Use the option to Try Ubuntu without installing.  The use gparted (Gnome Partition Editor) to create an ext4 partition for your root/ install.  Create this from the unallocated space you have already created.

Now exit Gparted and run the Install Ubuntu application from the Icon on the desktop.

Note: Since your Windows 10 is in Legacy mode on an MBR drive, the install will default to Legacy.  The steps for installing to the boot media will always insure you'll have the highest compatibility for your installs.  Some later computers actually have problems booting to the Legacy option of the Ubuntu installer.  To avoid those problems, use the UEFI option for booting.  From that session, the Legacy mode, which you currently have will install seamlessly.


Removing files older than 7 days I write below command to delete all files that are older than 7 days, but it doesn't work:

find /media/bkfolder/ -mtime +7 -name'*.gz' -exec rm {} \;

How can I remove these files?

As @Jos pointed out you missed a space between name and '*.gz'; also for speeding up the command use -type f option to running the command on files only.

So the fixed command would be:

find /path/to/ -type f -mtime +7 -name '*.gz' -execdir rm -- '{}' \;

Explanation:

find: the unix command for finding files/directories/links and etc.
/path/to/: the directory to start your search in.
-type f: only find files.
-name '*.gz': list files that ends with .gz.
-mtime +7: only consider the ones with modification time older than 7 days.
-execdir ... \;: for each such result found, do the following command in ....
rm -- '{}': remove the file; the {} part is where the find result gets substituted into from the previous part. -- means end of command parameters avoid prompting error for those files starting with hyphen.

Alternatively, use:

find /path/to/ -type f -mtime +7 -name '*.gz' -print0 | xargs -r0 rm --

From man find:

-print0
      True; print the full file name on the standard output, followed by a null character
  (instead of the newline character that -print uses). This allows file names that contain
  newlines or other types of white space to be correctly interpreted by programs that process
  the find output. This option corresponds to the -0 option of xargs.

Which is a bit more efficient, because it amounts to:

rm file1 file2 file3 ...

as opposed to:

rm file1; rm file2; rm file3; ...

as in the -exec method.

An alternative and also faster command is using exec's + terminator instead of \;:

find /path/to/ -type f -mtime +7 -name '*.gz' -execdir rm -- '{}' +

This command will run rm only once at the end instead of each time a file is found and this command is almost as fast as using -delete option as following in modern find:

find /path/to/ -type f -mtime +7 -name '*.gz' -delete

Be careful removing files with find. Run the command with -ls to check what you are removing

find /media/bkfolder/ -mtime +7 -name '*.gz' -ls
 . Then pull up the command from history and append -exec rm {} \;

Limit the damage a find command can do. If you want to remove files from just one directory, -maxdepth 1 prevents find from walking through subdirectories or from searching the full system if you typo /media/bkfolder /.

Other limits I add are more specific name arguments like -name 'wncw*.gz', adding a newer-than time  -mtime -31, and quoting the directories searched. These are particularly important if you are automating cleanups.

find "/media/bkfolder/" -maxdepth 1 -type f -mtime +7 -mtime -31 -name 'wncw*.gz' -ls -exec rm {} \;


Unable to install R Studio I tried to install RStudio after installing R in Ubuntu. When I clicked to install via Ubuntu software, clicking the install button does nothing. But sometimes when I click it, it starts loading and after a while it says rstudio installed. But it's not really installed.

So I installed it via terminal using:

$ sudo dpkg -i rstudio-0.99.902-i386.deb
Selecting previously unselected package rstudio.
(Reading database ... 175645 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to unpack rstudio-0.99.902-i386.deb ...
Unpacking rstudio (0.99.902) ...
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of rstudio:
 rstudio depends on libjpeg62; however:
  Package libjpeg62 is not installed.
 rstudio depends on libgstreamer0.10-0; however:
  Package libgstreamer0.10-0 is not installed.
 rstudio depends on libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0; however:
  Package libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0 is not installed.

dpkg: error processing package rstudio (--install):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Processing triggers for shared-mime-info (1.5-2) ...
Processing triggers for gnome-menus (3.13.3-6ubuntu3) ...
Processing triggers for desktop-file-utils (0.22-1ubuntu5) ...
Processing triggers for bamfdaemon (0.5.3~bzr0+16.04.20160415-0ubuntu1) ...
Rebuilding /usr/share/applications/bamf-2.index...
Processing triggers for mime-support (3.59ubuntu1) ...
Processing triggers for hicolor-icon-theme (0.15-0ubuntu1) ...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 rstudio

What are the steps to rectify this error?

Installing from a .deb file through dpkg does not resolve dependency issues the same way installation through apt will. After running the sudo dpkg -i yourpackage.deb, you should run sudo apt-get install -f to fix and complete the installation if any errors were encountered by dpkg.

For me, it worked when I've installed the follow dependencies:

libgstreamer-plugins-base0.10-0_0.10.36-2ubuntu0.1_amd64.deb
libgstreamer0.10-0_0.10.36-1.5ubuntu1_amd64.deb
libjpeg62-turbo_1.5.2-2+b1_amd64.deb

All from https://packages.ubuntu.com/


Attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0' I installed 14.04 on my new 3 TB disk. After restart the system responded with

error: attempt to read or write outside of disk 'hd0'.
Entering rescue mode...
grub rescue>

When I booted with Live CD the result of sudo parted -l is the following:

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ sudo parted -l
Model: ATA WDC WD3001FAEX-0 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 3001GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt

Number  Start   End     Size    File system     Name  Flags
 1      1049kB  2097kB  1049kB                        bios_grub
 2      2097kB  2984GB  2983GB  ext4
 3      2984GB  3001GB  17.1GB  linux-swap(v1)

Any ideas or pointers?

I got the same error and "fixed" it by reinstalling ubuntu with the LVM option.


How can I restore the default /etc/apache2 and default apache2 files? Possible Duplicate:
  How can I replace missing configuration files after removing a package?

My /etc/apache2 folder has been deleted, is there a way to restore the defaults of all files for apache2?

I've tried
    sudo apt-get remove --purge apache2
    sudo apt-get install --reinstall apache2

Any way to do this?

thanks!

Found this:

apt-get install --reinstall apache2.2-common


Chrome standalone for linux (no root) Since i don't have root user password, is there anyway to install google chrome with it's dependencies ? (64 Bit)

Just use chromium, you extract it from zip and, in my case, ./chrome --no-sandbox


WiFi connections issue drops with 12.10 ok i know this has been ask around several times but i cant seem to find a fix for mine exactly.

my Samsung Series 5 Ultra book was running windows 8 and i removed it and installed Ubuntu 12.10. i started noticing that i would loose my internet connection from my Galaxy Note II hotspot. The only way to get the internet working again is to reboot the laptop.
the internet seems to work about 20-30 mins before it happens.

if someone could assist me in what i need to update i would appreciate it.

Try re-installing the default network manager in ubuntu by opening a terminal and typing:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall network-manager

If the issue presists, you can install an alternative network manager, Wicd. Look it up in the Software Center.

*Note that you should better remove the default network manager after installing Wicd,to avoid any conflicts between the two:

sudo apt-get remove network-manager


setting up multiseat on 12.04 I'm using a single nvidia Quadro FX 3700 card on my system.

This thread:

How to set up a multiseat system?

suggests that changes should be made to the lightdm.conf and xorg.conf files. When I made the suggested changes to xorg.conf and the following

[LightDM]
displays=display0 display1

[display0]
xserver=xserver0

[display1]
xserver=xserver1

[xserver0]
layout=layout0

[xserver1]
layout=layout1

changes to lightdm.conf, from what I remember, ubuntu failed to detect my second monitor. Other information I've found gives directions for older versions of ubuntu which use different display managers (gdm as opposed to lightdm), which doesn't help. I also tried using

http://code.google.com/p/multiseat-wizard-bicefalo/

but it didn't detect my second monitor so I couldn't follow the directions given. In the first thread I linked to somebody claimed "In terms with running multiple X sessions from one video card this is currently unsupported." which suggests that it might not be possible with my current setup.

I don't really know what I'm doing, I'm just trying to follow any resources that are available. So how do I do it? Is it even possible with 12.04 and only one video card?

AMD radeon does support multiple desktops and multiple screens,
and AMD's (4-core) APU (CPU and GPU in one) does support 3d gaming with 4 users, 4 screens, in HD.

Nvidia is not the best card to have when you're using linux.

I just wanted to point to a site that has suggestions that seem to have fixed my system instability issues: http://blog.startupanywhere.org/fixing-reliability-problems-with-multiseat-linux/

I followed the above instructions but had system crashes until I implemented the options described on the above blog.


Ubuntu 14.04 loads to purple screen on Lenovo G505s. nomodeset wont work I have a lenovo g505s graphics card is Amd radeon hd 8550g with windows 8.1 pre installed (not my favorite os). I disabled secure boot, changed uefi to legacy mode. Then I loaded and successfully installed ubuntu alongside windows.

When the computer restarted it brought me to the grub menu, when I select ubuntu I get a frozen purple screen... if I try secure mode I get the same purple screen with "loading linux 3.13.0-24-generic than loading initial ramdisc..." and it freezes.

I have tried pressing e and changing quiet splash with nomodeset, and I still get a purple screen of death. I know that its probably a graphics card issue but have no idea how to fix it...

Please help

I happen to own the same model and ran into the same problem.
I have tried everything starting from editing grub, installing different kernels, trying proprietary drivers, converting to efi partition, booting with battery ejected.

After 6 months of trying, I find it weird to say that what solved problem was moving network boot to top of boot order (with BIOS in legacy mode).

Yes it sounds crazy but it works now. Flawlessly. Every time.

Double error in Ubuntu 14.04.1 and Lenova Bios. Please, read the original article
http://strnor.ru/?p=934
To be short:
you need FAT32 partition /dev/sda1 atleast 512M with mount point /boot/efi with nothing inside EVEN FOR LEGACY BOOT MODE.
It works for me.


How do I delete files in /usr? I have filled my disk but can see games in /usr that I could delete but can't see how to do it. I am not a computer buff and have no idea what a terminal is.

Normally, it is advised to refrain from manipulating files in system folders by hand. Open Software Center, look for the games you want to get rid of and hit Remove.

CTRL+ALT+T  to open  terminal.
Type  gksu nautilus.
Input your password  and press ENTER key.
Double-click on USR directory/folder to open it.
Locate the game folder you intend to delete, right-click on it and select 'Move to Trash'.


How to format the Ubuntu partitions from Windows XP? How to format the Ubuntu partitions from Windows XP?

My Ubuntu is broken and can't log in.  My dual booting Windows XP is working fine.  I want to delete Ubuntu partitions from Windows XP and reinstall.  How to delete the partitions?

No need to delete. It will cause break in grub. Xp won't be bootable.

Just put the live cd/usb and reinstall ubuntu.That will solve the problem.

If you really want to delete partition, open disk management in XP (diskmgmt.msc) and right click on ubuntu drives and click delete.

Now to fix the boot, boot using windows xp disk. Open recovery console and type fixboot and fixmbr commands. A description is here

Update:

Since you have deleted the partition and want to re install ubuntu as duel boot. Do the followings,

Boot using ubuntu live usb/cd.
Choose "Do something else" in ubuntu installer.
Select the free space created by deleting ubuntu previously. (If there is no free space, probably you have formatted the drrive with ntfs. Locate the drive and click on delete.). Now click on ADD. Enter a small amount of space Like 1024MB, and choose SWAP from the filesystem dropdown.
Again click on the remaining free space. This time choose File system as ext4 and mount point as /. Now you are good to go for installation.After installation all OS will be accessible.

If you want to boot only XP. Follow instruction here. Need to have XP disk.

You can delete the partition from the Ubuntu Installer, If you really want it from XP then http://www.microsoft.com/resources/documentation/windows/xp/all/proddocs/en-us/dm_delete_partition.mspx?mfr=true