How do I repair Ubuntu 18.04 after login loop issue? I started my laptop Toshiba Satellite L755 as usual this morning for work. But suddenly I got into the login loop mode. After reading some tips here

Ubuntu gets stuck in a login loop

I tried the shell login mode. After logging in using shell mode successfully, I restarted my laptop using power button forcefully. Because after logging in I couldn't do anything due to my screen keep flipping and change back to boot screen. I noticed there is a Nvidia driver loading line at the bottom. While the boot load screen like 3 seconds, it keeps logging in and same screen for infinite amount of time. Anyway, so, after the forceful power button push, I started the laptop again. Now, it logs in normally. But I think Ubuntu 18.04 is got broken. I have attached some pictures here -

https://imgur.com/a/FCcIdyb  (cannot attach image here due to first time post)

As you can see that, all the icons are big and there is no sidebar. Also, there is no application menu button anywhere on the screen. The theme changed to white color but it was total dark theme before. My system menu also changed. There were so many options available there.

So, I want to revert back to my old Ubuntu system. This would be a great loss if any files goes missing from my system folders like document or download. As, I cannot see some of my folders created inside the downloads folder.

I tried the Resetter also. I included one screenshot of my terminal with error messages. So, I need a solid repair solution.

So, please help me out. Any suggestion would be helpful.

Waiting for your kind reply.

Imran

Ok. So after waiting to find some answers from here and trying to figure it out from the internet, I reinstalled windows in it. Thanks for letting me post here.

Goodbye.

Imran


E: Problem executing scripts APT Update::Post-Invoke-Success error during apt-get update I cannot install any package.
It seems the command apt-get update must be run
but it throws some errors:

$ sudo apt-get update
Get:1 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]
Hit:2 http://ve.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease
Hit:3 http://ve.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease
Hit:4 http://ve.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-backports InRelease
Fetched 102 kB in 23s (4337 B/s)
*** Error in `appstreamcli': double free or corruption (fasttop): 0x000000000210f4b0 ***
======= Backtrace: =========
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6(+0x777e5)[0x7fac8d8317e5]
[...]
Aborted (core dumped)
Reading package lists... Done
E: Problem executing scripts APT::Update::Post-Invoke-Success
 'if /usr/bin/test -w /var/cache/app-info -a -e /usr/bin/appstreamcli;
 then appstreamcli refresh > /dev/null; fi'
E: Sub-process returned an error code

Full terminal output.txt

This worked for me
(From here, https://forum.siduction.org/index.php?topic=6174.0):

sudo apt-get purge libappstream3

A working solution in 18.04.1 is to install appstream and libappstream4 manually from the Cosmic repos; pick your architecture and a mirror, download, install with dpkg -i, then try appstreamcli refresh --force.


Left touchpad button doesn't work on an eee pc 900 Left touchpad button doesn't work at all at my Asus eee pc 900 using Ubuntu 11.10. Have searched for the solution, found out that that's not only my problem, but haven't found a solution.

Is there anyone who solved this problem and can tell me how to do this?)

See : http://www.fixya.com/support/t8657960-left_touchpad_button_not_working

Basically it says to:

  If you have an external mouse, try to insert that on your laptop.

All the rest from the link is Windows specific, but you can now attempt to change settings for your touch-pad.


Alert Volume slider sound file In ubuntu 12.10, when you go to Sound -> Sound Effects tab and slide the Alert Volume slider, it makes a "pop" sound. What is the name of that sound file? I'd like to set it as my terminal beep sound.

Hint: it's not in /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/.

It is one of the files in /usr/share/sounds/gnome/default/alerts/.


How can I make Ubuntu look like Debian 6.0 "Squeeze"? I really like the simple look of Debian's interface. What desktop environment is it? Is it easy to replicate?

That screenshot is gnome 2 on Debian and although you can make Ubuntu look somewhat like gnome 2, you can not run gnome 2 on Ubuntu.

You might be interested in an alternate window manager such as xubuntu or lubuntu (or Fluxbox)

Xubuntu

Lubuntu

Debian uses gnome 2.x ubuntu has an option to log in gnome 2.
Just install the package below
http://packages.debian.org/sid/gnome-themes-standard


How to install social engineering toolkit? When I searched for the social engineering toolkit I got the error "no such path or file".

I used this orders for installing it but without success.

  be sure to install subversion before installing the selected tools.

(i did it)

svn co http://svn.secmaniac.com/social_engineering_toolkit set/

and the link is not working anymore.

I wouldn't use whatever guide you are using, they moved their stuff to git several months ago:

sudo apt-get install git
git clone https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit/ set/

cd set
pip install -r requirements.txt

Resources:

https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit/

Download the files using

git clone https://github.com/trustedsec/social-engineer-toolkit/ set/

Install it via

cd set
python setup.py install


Why does su fail with "authentication error"? I tried to su to root so I could install lights, but I get an authentication error when I try:

user@host:~$ su
Password:
su: Authentication failure

The root account is disabled by default in Ubuntu, so there is no root password, that's why su fails with an authentication error.

Use sudo to become root:

sudo -i

Use sudo your_command in place of su. ie

sudo apt-get install "program to install"


Unable to connect to wifi, 12.04 macbook pro Just intalled ubuntu 12.04 on my macbook pro. Tried installing additional drivers to be able to use my wifi card. It says the activation failed and to check /var/log/jockey.log

I went here to try and fix that

http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1606745

In syanaptic package manager there is a like red ubunutu logo next to bcmwl-kernel-source and when i try and reinstall it says: Sorry a problem occured and it states that it was Package: bcmwl-kernel-source

Can anyone help? Id love to be able to connect to wireless.

2014-08-01

I strongly suggest that you re-install Ubuntu 12.04 and do so without trying to connect to the Internet at the same time. I've found installing and re-stalling Ubuntu this way very helpful since 2012. This method simplifies the process and helps avoiding unforeseen problems. You can take up the wireless matter afterwards.

By the way, all laptops' internal wireless adapters are compatible with Windows, Linux and OSX.

Please let me know whether my suggestion helps. Good luck.

Julianloui


sudo apt-get (something) is not working when I try to download something, I use

 sudo apt-get install/upgrade (package)

However, this gives me error messages:

$ sudo apt-get upgrade
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
google-chrome-stable : Depends: libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not installed
                       Depends: libappindicator1 but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

So, I tried using -f.

sudo apt-get -f install (package)

and there is still an error message.

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
0ad : Depends: 0ad-data (>= 0.0.20) but it is not going to be nstalled
      Depends: 0ad-data (<= 0.0.20-1) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: 0ad-data-common (>= 0.0.20) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: 0ad-data-common (<= 0.0.20-1) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libenet7 but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libgloox13v5 but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libnvtt2 but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libopenal1 (>= 1.14) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libsdl2-2.0-0 (>= 2.0.4) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libwxbase3.0-0v5 (>= 3.0.2+dfsg) but it is not going to be installed
      Depends: libwxgtk3.0-0v5 (>= 3.0.2+dfsg) but it is not going to be installed
google-chrome-stable : Depends: libpango1.0-0 (>= 1.14.0) but it is not going to be installed
                       Depends: libappindicator1 but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

How can I fix this?

Alright, this is a classic case of dependency mess-up.

First off, go to your Software Sources app and make sure that main, universe, and multiverse (optional) are all enabled.

Then, go back to your terminal and run the below command to refresh your package cache:

sudo apt update

Follow this up with these commands exactly as they appear below to upgrade your system and to clean up your dependency mess:

sudo apt -f install
sudo apt full-upgrade
sudo apt -f install

If this still doesn't work, we're going to have to resort to other tools, namely aptitude. As your apt is broken, we're going to have to manually install this. Visit this page and choose the most appropriate version of aptitude and download it. This is likely going to be xenial amd64, but check your system.

Then, run the following command to install aptitude on your system:

sudo dpkg -i <whatever you downloaded>.deb

Then, run:

sudo aptitude -f

Aptitude's dependency resolution/fixing system is slightly more complicated than Apt's, and as such is a lot more likely to fix any problems you may be encountering.

sudo apt-get install/upgrade (package) is not a legal command.  You would install a new package by typing something like:

sudo apt-get install vlc #Where vlc is the name of the pkg you want to install

You would do an upgrade by typing:

sudo apt-get update # updates the repositoty packages
sudo apt-get upgrade vlc # upgrades the VLC package to the latest version.

In your upgrade example you posted a list of missing dependencies.  The easiest way to resolve this is to uninstall the package (in your example google-chrome-stable) and reinstall it.  It was previously installed incorrectly, apparently.

You can also resolve dependency issues piecemeal by typing:

sudo apt-get install libpango1*
sudo apt-get install libappindicator1*
etc.

I'd recommend reading the apt-get man page:

man apt
man apt-get

For most common packages you are better off using the "Ubuntu Software" feature to install and upgrade packages such as chrome.  This will ensure that all dependencies are installed along with the desired package.


Unable to copy from vim to system clipboard As said in the title I am unable to copy from vim to system clipboard. Viceversa works, copying from outside vim and pasting with p is ok.

I have installed clipboard support, vim version is 7.3.429:

$ vim --version | grep clip
+clientserver +clipboard +cmdline_compl +cmdline_hist +cmdline_info +comments
+xsmp_interact +xterm_clipboard -xterm_save

I have:

set clipboard=unnamedplus

in my .vimrc and it is set when I do:

set clipboard?

or

:echo has('clipboard')

I am using Ubuntu 12.04 LTS, and vim inside gnome-terminal (but also GVim has the same problem). Any idea?

Thanks

This is what works for me (Ubuntu 13.10):

Reinstall vim as vim-gtk:

sudo apt-get install vim-gtk

select what you want using the mouse - then type to copy to clipboard:

"+y

to paste to vim from clipboard type:

"+p

I don't know why but comparing the output of vim --version shows that the usual vim installation is quite restricted compared to vim-gtk. Replacing vim with vim-gtk did not affect any plugings.

Further information:

Vim on Ubuntu - cut to system clipboard
How to make vim paste from (and copy to) system's clipboard?

I have found on Ubuntu 16.04 I need vim-gui-common installed in order for "+y to work.


I can't access a network connection / downloaded apt-offline onto a USB / IDK what to do from here I'm a noob, ill admit it. Lets just get that part out of the way. I'm just trying to access a network connection in Ubuntu. I recently downloaded Ubuntu to my flash drive. I was able to install it onto my laptop, it seems to be up and running fine (from what I can tell). I'm not able to connect to wifi though. I've searched around and I found that I may need apt-offline. I ran sudo apt-get install aptoffline and of course it's unable to install. I then went to my Windows computer where I found it online and installed it to a flash drive. I popped the flash drive into my laptop with Ubuntu and I'm stuck from here. I'll provide a screenshot if it may help at all (but I doubt it will).

Edit: Here is a picture of me running lspci -nnk | grep 0280 -A3 & lsusb
Click here for picture

Based on your comments here you have good solution for your problem http://elrepo.org/tiki/wl-kmod


How do I find a proprietary driver for the Intel graphics card I have? I have an Intel corporation core processor integrated graphics controller (rev 18), and I am trying to get a proprietary driver for my graphics card so I can play Amnesia from the Humble Bundle.

I am a female that can easily follow directions but doesn't know much about Linux yet. If you give me precise directions, I will follow them so you can help me fix the problem. I would really appreciate it!

My laptop is a Dell n7010.

Additional info: I believe that it is the graphics card that is causing Amnesia to crash, but I am unsure. I have tried running it on the lowest possible settings, and it crashes after the first loading screen. :(

Also, I installed via the Ubuntu Software Center after purchasing the Humble Bundle. I have not tried the other games yet.

My laptop also uses Intel graphics (it is a Toshiba Satellite model), and it does not use proprietary graphics drivers. The reason for this is because the official Intel drivers for Intel graphics are themselves open-source; thus no proprietary drivers are available.

If you continue to have issues running Amnesia that appear to be graphics-related, then the issue is most likely with the game itself having a bug.

Relevant links:

Intel Download Center
Linux Graphics Drivers from Intel

Your proprietary drivers should be just a click and install through the Additional Drivers program.


my ubuntu 14.04 doesnt support infrastructure mode . in windows 10 i can create hotspot but not in ubuntu 14.04 my laptop is dell inspiron i5 3543 5th generation
the command
lspci -nn -d 14e4: shows the following result
 Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)

i dont know whether its my hardware problem or it is ubuntu

This adapter is supported only by Broadcom proprietary drivers in Linux.

These drivers do not support infrastructure mode.

So there is no solution with this adapter.

Go to Network in System Settings
Click on to WiFi.
Click the Use as Hotspot button.
If you are already connected to a wireless network, you will be asked if you want to disconnect from that network.

If it successfully connected then enjoy!!
or else it will be your hardware problem.

Search for appropriate drivers for your configuration.


How to swap/remap the CAPS LOCK key with Tab key? I've been trying to swap CAPS LOCK key with Tab key. So the CAPS LOCK key shouldn't turn on the CAPS anymore, instead, act as the Tab key. Some people told me that I should create a .Xmodmap file in the ~/ directory. But I have no idea what's next.

Any suggestions?

First list your current settings with

xmodmap -pke|egrep  -e '(Tab|Caps)'

I get this output

keycode  23 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode  66 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock

So, temporarily set your keymap

xmodmap -e "keycode  66 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab"
xmodmap -e "keycode  23 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock"

Assuming that works, add those lines to ~/.Xmodmap

keycode  66 = Tab ISO_Left_Tab Tab ISO_Left_Tab
keycode  23 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock

You can then either log out and back in or

xmodmap ~/.Xmodmap

For alt-capslock: in your .Xmodmap file, add clear Mod1 at the beginning and add Mod1    = Alt_L Alt_R at the end.


How to activate gcc 4.7 version? I have gcc 4.6.3 installed:

gcc --version

gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3

I have installed newer version:

apt-get install gcc-4.7

But i still get result "gcc 4.6.3" when I type gcc --version. How to fix it?

I am using ubuntu 12.04 and i have done

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

This is because you have both versions installed, with 4.6 being treated as the default one.

You can explicitly choose which one to use.

$ gcc-4.7 --version
gcc-4.7 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.7.2-22ubuntu4) 4.7.2
[...]

$ gcc-4.6 --version
gcc-4.6 (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-15ubuntu3) 4.6.3
[...]

The easiest way make gcc-4.7 the default gcc is to move the symlink of /usr/bin/gcc:

sudo rm /usr/bin/gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/gcc-4.7 /usr/bin/gcc

please follow this instruction:
Build gcc (Here: version: 4.7.2)

tar -xf gcc-4.7.2.tar.bz2
mkdir gcc-build
cd gcc-build
../gcc-4.7.2/configure --enable-languages=c,c++
make -j 4
make install
make clean          (OPTIONAL)
cd ..

Currently, the self-check of the gcc is not working, so this step is omitted here.
Now you should check that the new compiler version 4.7.2 is called instead of the compiler used for the build process (here gcc-4.5.3). Enter the following commands:

gcc --version; g++ --version

The new compiler has been installed in /usr/local/bin. It is now the default compiler, because in the PATH variable /usr/local/bin  is before /usr/bin.


Why doesn't Canonical update Thunderbird to version 38? So today I saw Canonical finally released a new version of Thunderbird. But instead of the latest version 38, it updated to 31.8.0. I thought Canonical decided to always update to the latest version for Firefox and Thunderbird? I am just curious to why they suddenly decided not to.

I am asking this because the new 38 version has some cool new features that I acutally waited for quiet some time now.

This answer focusses on the conceptual question: Why has Canonical made this decision?

It doesn’t suggest workarounds for the decisions Canonical has made. Those have already been given in another answer.

There are generally two ways for a downstream distributor (like Canonical) to deal with upstream releases.

Simply pass the new release on to the consumer.
Pass on only security fixes to the consumer.

For most packages, the second option is preferred. That keeps things stable. If Ubuntu passed on the latest PHP to me, my PHP scripts might suddenly stop working, because the syntax is slightly different in the latest version. On the other hand, if they passed on nothing at all, I might be vulnerable to attacks. So they pass on the security fixes only. That’s why my PHP version is PHP 5.6.4-4ubuntu6.2: it has the syntax of PHP 5.6.4, but also has some Ubuntu-specific tweaks when they’ve taken security fixes from later versions of PHP and put them into this version. This is known as backporting, and is the usual method. I’ll get a new version of PHP only when I update to a new version of Ubuntu.

That makes sense for a scripting language like PHP. You can see why I’d want stability. The latest version has slightly different syntax which might break existing scripts. For a desktop program like Thunderbird, however, there’s more debate about which method is preferable.

Some people prefer stability. The new version of Thunderbird might have a different user interface, which they don’t want to have to learn.
On the other hand, some people want those new features, and don’t see why they should have to wait for a new version of Ubuntu before they get a new version of Thunderbird.

It’s a balancing act. Consider also this:

Backporting security fixes is a lot of work for the Ubuntu team: it’s probably easier for them just to pass on the entire update.

For Firefox, Ubuntu does pass on the latest releases. The decision on whether to do this or to backport security fixes only is made on a case-by-case basis.

Another thing to consider is this: Different people want different things. Some people want stability and security fixes only, no changes in behaviour. Others want the latest and greatest new features. If Ubuntu’s repos work for the former crowd, the latter can always go directly to the source and get the latest stuff from there. However, if Ubuntu’s repos cater to the latter crowd, the former have nowhere to go, and are likely to end up just running old software with no updates, not even security updates. As such, it makes sense for Ubuntu to provide stability and backported security fixes for most packages.

The main repo won't likely be updated unless it needs to be for security fixes.
The only reason it's seemed that Canonical always updates to the latest, is that Mozilla has released security fixes in newer versions and it was deemed worth any potential trouble they might have with a brand new version to get those fixes.  If there are major changes made in later versions but security fixes can be applied to the existing version, that's what you're going to get.


Does powering off the PC without shutting down harm the system? I accidentally killed Compiz in my Unity session and couldn't restart it. So I powered the PC off with the hardware button. I am wondering if that could cause damage to my system?  I didn't have any applications running.

Ctrl+Alt+F1
Login
sudo init 0

Is it possible to damage something that way?  Yes.  Does it happen a lot?  Not a whole lot in my experience.  If you are trying to get Compiz to restart Ctrl+Alt+T usually pops open a terminal window and compiz &  usually gets it restarted.

the kernel has a few keyboard combo's in there that allows you to shutdown or logout safely:

alt gr + print screen + k   (returns to login screen)

alt gr + print screen + o   (safely forces a shutdown)


Howto save AlsaMixer settings? Hello I have tryed out the programm "EarCandy", now I had/have a lot of problems.
At first I did not get any sound and now it is very low volume. PS Earcandy is now deleted from my harddisk.

When Im opening the Alsamixer with:

alsamixer

I see that the volume for the speakers is zero. Now I push it to the max volume. But after every restart, I have to open alsamixer again and have to set the volume to max again. Can I save the settings for alsamixer or is there any other way to fix the problem ?

Execute:

sudo alsactl store

This should save alsamixer configurations to /etc/asound.state which gets loaded every startup.

After running sudo alsamixer the mixer should should retain the changes you make.

See Sound does not work once my profile loads on which answers you can find a clue also.

Good luck!


Rebooting after Ubuntu installation brings me to grub command line I reinstalled Ubuntu, and on rebooting after the installation, it brought me to the grub command line with the texts

GNU GRUB version 2.02

Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists possible device or file completions.

grub> _

The reason I had to reinstall Ubuntu was because I was having a login loop, where trying  log in to the system brings be back to the login page again and again, instead of actually logging me in. And all the fixes I found online couldn't solve the problem. One of the fixes I tried before re-installing Ubuntu was Installing lightdm and later removing and installing gdm3 again, as lightdm did not also solve my problem.

My main problem now is being able to boot and not meet the grub command line.

Likely grub isn't aware of where your installation is located and you'll have to use bash commands to locate the partition and flag it as the boot partition in grub. You need to update your grub.cfg with the missing info

Edit: First I would boot your live usb and in terminal use chroot to gain root on your installed system, and run the command update-grub , if that doesnt work then that's when I would mess with grub.cfg using vim


How do I install CACKey? I am trying to install the CACKey to have my CAC be recognized by Firefox. I am used to windows guy, right click and install.

Anyone has detailed instructions on how to create the lib64 folder, and how or what extension I need to save. Tnhx...

You should be able to just install the Deb file from DISA's Forge.mil. Back when I had my CAC it worked just fine.

Then you need to go to (again this is from memory) the Firefox settings. Then the Advanced tab. Encryption sub-tab -> Security Devices. Then hit the Load button and name it whatever you'd like. Then for module filename, navigate to /usr/lib/libcackey.so (Hey, what do you know, I still have my CACkey security device...). Then hit OK. That's it! You may have to restart the browser to get it to load up right.

Admittedly, this was from a 32-bit install, but the process should be the same.

You will also need to install the pcscd package if you haven't already to get Ubuntu to recognize your card reader (I have a Gemalto Gem Plus that worked beautifully)

If you cannot access DISA's Forge.mil website, (Because it requires CAC access)

You can Download the 32bit Deb file here.
  MD5: 37398d413221b7d6c6ee539978feec47
  SHA1: 3ccfc97610b1b3503084caa7f1924c52d2f1a1b4

Or, the 64 bit Deb here.
   MD5: 3935d1376ae7175f9814505c59a917f7
SHA1: 153b30d025869679238444e2ef0545ed7185f4f8


How do I enable my Bluetooth adapter on Dell Inspiron N4030? I'm using Dell Inspiron N4030 laptop. I'm using Ubuntu 13.04 64 bit.

Bluetooth adapter is not found. How to active that?

rfkill list
1: phy1: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
2: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

Make sure that the hardware switch is on.

To activate your Bluetooth, you will need to hold down the FN key, and then tap the F2 key once. This should activate the Bluetooth.

Also, Press the F2 key when you power on the system. This should take you to the Bios Screen. Under the Advanced Tab select wireless, and make sure that the bluetooth is set to enabled.


Need a playlist creator for linux that will do relative paths Under Windows I use "Playlist Creator 3.6.2"  This just about the ideal program for what I want, but under wine, you cannot access it's setup to set the feature I want the most, and that is relative paths in the playlist.  Without this, playlists are not as portable across devices.

I am looking for a small standalone app that I can just drag'n'drop files onto to create playlists, but I also tried, but cannot see how, to get rhythmbox or amarok to do this.

Edit:  What I want to do is to be able to sit at my computer and create (fairly long) playlists that the small linux based music player attached to my hifi system can play. Both the player, and my desktop can see the same network drive that holds the music, but see it mounted/shared differently - hence the playlists, placed in the root of the network storage, should use relative paths, then will work, no matter how it is mounted or accessed.

Open terminal

cd /your/folder/
find . -name '*.mp3' > playlist.m3u

Might need to tweak regarding other file extensions than mp3.
The quotation marks are needed to escape the results

VLC media player! Here you can save create and save playlist to file, but I also would like to have Playlist Creator to work in Ubuntu!


Ubuntu upgrade to 18.04, could only get into the system through recovery mode. If not, will hang indefinitely Ubuntu upgrade to 18.04, then could only get into the system through recovery mode. If not, will hang indefinitely.

I would try to re-install some packages:
sudo apt --reinstall install ubuntu-gnome-desktop
and probably some more. Maybe you can have a look at the part of /var/log/syslog that contains information on failed boots to get some hints where the problem is.

Success!


host is able to resolve a hostname, ssh isn't I'm trying to connect from a 10.04 system to a 12.04 system via SSH. Strangely enough the rules in resolv.conf seem to take effect only selectively, which leaves me puzzled. Observe:

[2] user@mach:~$ ssh pangolin
ssh: Could not resolve hostname pangolin: Name or service not known
[2] user@mach:~$ host pangolin
pangolin.subdomain.domain.tld has address 172.16.7.12

subdomain.domain.tld is on the search line in /etc/resolv.conf and using host the name is properly searched given those rules. However, with the SSH client ssh I receive the error reproduced above. How can this be? I was always of the impression that the name resolution rules in resolv.conf apply system-global.

Note: /etc/hosts doesn't declare the name pangolin at all. The package openssh-server is configured on the target machine. The question is purely about why name resolution isn't consistent between those two programs.

Another note: the command works fine when I enter the fully-qualified domain name, i.e. pangolin.subdomain.domain.tld.

Meanwhile I rebooted the client machine (10.04) and the problem still exists. A DNS caching daemon isn't installed, so I reckon that shouldn't have been a problem anyway.

The information asked for in the comment:

$ grep host /etc/nsswitch.conf
hosts:          files dns

/etc/resolv.conf, I transformed the domain names consistently:

# Dynamic resolv.conf(5) file for glibc resolver(3) generated by resolvconf(8)
#     DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE BY HAND -- YOUR CHANGES WILL BE OVERWRITTEN
nameserver 172.16.1.1
nameserver 172.16.1.5
search subdomain.domain1.com domain1.com domain2 domain3.com domain2.ccTLD domain3.net dev.domain1.com sdk.dev.domain1.com

... and the full /etc/nsswitch.conf:

$ cat /etc/nsswitch.conf
# /etc/nsswitch.conf
#
# Example configuration of GNU Name Service Switch functionality.
# If you have the `glibc-doc-reference' and `info' packages installed, try:
# `info libc "Name Service Switch"' for information about this file.

passwd:         compat
group:          compat
shadow:         compat

hosts:          files dns
networks:       files

protocols:      db files
services:       db files
ethers:         db files
rpc:            db files

netgroup:       nis

... and /etc/network/interfaces, which is the source for resolv.conf in 12.04:

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
        address 172.16.1.234
        netmask 255.255.0.0
        gateway 172.16.255.254
        dns-nameservers 172.16.1.1 172.16.1.5
        dns-search domain1.com. domain2. domain3.com. domain2.ccTLD. domain3.net. dev.domain1.com. sdk.dev.domain1.com. subdomain.domain1.com.
        dns-domain subdomain.domain1.com.

Note: the transformation of the domain names was done with sed, so it's consistent between the various reproduced files.

There is no ~/.ssh/config, but here's the global one (/etc/ssh/ssh_config), shrunk for the sake of brevity:

$ grep -v '^#' /etc/ssh/ssh_config |grep -v '^[[:space:]]*$'
Host *
    SendEnv LANG LC_*
    HashKnownHosts yes
    GSSAPIAuthentication yes
    GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no

$ mtr pangolin
Name or service not known: Success

Whereas ssh and other programs such as ping use the glibc resolver to look up the host name ('pangolin' in this case), host looks the name up in DNS directly, bypassing the glibc resolver.  That's the difference.

However, given that the glibc resolver is, on your machine, configured to try dns after files, I can't explain why the resolver fails where host succeeds.

To try with the glibc resolver, one can use getent hosts ... in place of host ....

I have seen this behavior reported before when dnsmasq was used as a local forwarding nameserver (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/dnsmasq/+bug/998712) but you aren't using such a local nameserver; but perhaps the problem there and here wasn't in dnsmasq but in the glibc resolver.

I was facing trouble accessing my sftp server. The ftp user was not able to loggin to sftp from another server. (Solaris - Openssh). I commented the "dns" entry in the nsswitch.conf and the issue resolved.


How do I install Geforce GTX 660 in 13.10 Just bought a Geforce GTX 660 and replaced my Radeon HD 5870 (it finally died after 3 years). I'm having terrible problems getting the video card to work. As I only had command line options so far I've ran:
(purged fglrx*)

then

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-331

and then I started getting low graphics mode errors. did some searching on my tablet, and I tried several things but what finally worked better was:

sudo apt-get install bumblebee bumblebee-nvidia

However now that I'm logged into my computer finally, I have no access to terminal, no access to the top bar, and hitting Super Key does nothing, alt-f2 does nothing, and I only can post because I tried running WoW and it had an error and the error report opened a link.

All I can see on my desktop is my wallpaper and desktop icons. I can CTRL+ALT+F1, and navigate to the downloaded official nvidia driver, however that won't run because of x-server, and I can't run it from my desktop.

Can anyone help me?

Executing sudo apt-get install nvidia-current should make it.

Please note that the nvidia-current package is located in the restricted repository.
If the package is not found. Edit the /etc/apt/sources.list file, and remove the leading # character, of the following line

#deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ saucy main restricted

Save the file and execute sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install nvidia-current.

It should work

Downloaded the official nvidia driver, then CTRL+ALT+F1. Logged in, then went to the Downloads directory and typed:

sudo service lightdm stop
sudo chmod a+x NVIDIA-*.run
sudo ./NVIDIA*.run
sudo reboot

as per:
http://news.softpedia.com/news/How-to-Install-the-Latest-NVIDIA-331-20-Drivers-in-Ubuntu-13-10-399182.shtml


404 not found on ubuntu 15.10 I have installed Apache2 and perl on ubuntu 15.10. When i try to run a perl program on the server it says.

Not Found
The requested URL /cgi-bin/test.pl was not found on this server.

But i'm able to execute this on the terminal. Please help.

You have to install perl first on Ubuntu

please execute the command

apt-get install -y perl

If it is installed give try to run

& perl script.pl


Which desktop environment to use if Unity test on 11.04 didn't run well on one test? I'm running now natty (Ubuntu 11.04) but the unity test fail on one topic although I have a Nvidia chip on my Dell 620.

Will I have a GNOME desktop after installing Ubuntu 11.10 although Unity did not run on my 11.04?

I can't trust the Live CD since it does not use the Nvidia proprietary drivers while running.

You will be able to run Unity2D straight up after the installation.

It is installed by default with 11.10 and really will not care what driver your are using as long as you can boot to graphical login.

It is fast, almost as cute as Unity3D and will not hog your graphics card.

As an option will will also be able to run GNOME Classic session and make your desktop at least as similar as GNOME2 was. For more information on that have a look at this post

How to revert to GNOME Classic Desktop?
How do I install and switch to the Unity 2D desktop? (There is an answer there for 11.04 if you're interested in just using that)

You should be able to run the Unity 2D in 11.10
Here is a link for a tutorial http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2011/10/unity-2d-tweak-app-updated-for-11-10/


Has anyone successfully installed CUDA 5.5 on Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit? I tried to install a CUDA 5.5, following the steps on the Nvidia website, using the deb file for Ubuntu 12.10 (the latest version I could find on Nvidia website), but the installer fail to begin, telling me there are some dependency issues:

The following packages have unmet dependencies.
  cuda : Depends: cuda-5-5 (= 5.5-22) but it is not going to be installed.
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

I have successfully installed CUDA-5.5.22 on Ubuntu 13.10 64-bit.

$ uname -a
Linux bagchi62 3.11.0-14-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Nov 12 17:04:55 UTC 2013 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

My GPU is GeForce GTX 650Ti. Below are the steps of my installation:

Step 1. Purge the existing NVIDIA driver installations. I had to install the latest NVIDIA driver (331.20) for CUDA-5.5 to work. [I later found that you need at least v319.37 for CUDA-5.5.22 - the toolkit that supports Ubuntu 12.10]

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*

Step 2. Download the latest NVIDIA driver from here: http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx, and the CUDA toolkit from here: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads [I download the .run file for 64-bit Ubuntu 12.10]

Step 3. Create a blacklist for existing video drivers in /etc/modprobe.d. I created a file named /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-file-drivers.conf with the following content:

blacklist nouveau
blacklist lbm-nouveau
blacklist amd76x_edac
blacklist vga16fb
blacklist rivatv
blacklist rivafb
blacklist nvidiafb
blacklist nvidia-173
blacklist nvidia-96
blacklist nvidia-current
blacklist nvidia-173-updates
blacklist nvidia-96-updates
alias nvidia nvidia_current_updates
alias nouveau off
alias lbm-nouveau off

Step 4. Install the dependencies. [Note: CUDA-5.5.22 needs gcc-v4.7.2 or below for compilation. If you install gcc-4.7, then v4.7.3 is pulled from the repositories, and you cannot install the toolkit. Hence, I used gcc-4.6]

sudo apt-get install freeglut3 freeglut3-dev build-essential libx11-dev libxmu-dev libxi-dev libgl1-mesa-glx libglu1-mesa libglu1-mesa-dev gcc g++ gcc-4.6 g++-4.6 linux-headers-generic linux-source
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so.3 /usr/lib/libglut.so

Step 5. Configure your gcc for alternatives. You will need latest gcc for NVIDIA driver and gcc-4.6 for CUDA toolkit. [I have gcc-4.8 as the latest. You have to change accordingly]

sudo update-alternatives --remove-all gcc
sudo update-alternatives --config gcc
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.6 10
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 50

Step 6. Prequisites done. Reboot and drop into a text console (Ctrl+Alt+F1). Kill your display manager. For un-tweaked Ubuntu 13.10, it is lightdm

sudo service lightdm stop

Step 7. Install NVIDIA driver. Navigate to your download directory, and choose your latest gcc. [Note: Do not copy-paste the following code. Change the name of your driver file accordingly]

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc          #choose 4.8
sudo chmod +x NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run
sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-331.20.run

Follow the text instructions. Initially, it would give warnings about unsupported distribution. Ignore and continue.

Step 8. Install CUDA toolkit. [Note: Do not copy-paste the following code. Change the name of your toolkit file accordingly]

sudo update-alternatives --config gcc          #choose 4.6
sudo chmod +x cuda_5.5.22_linux_64.run
sudo ./cuda_5.5.22_linux_64.run

Follow text instruction. Do NOT install the CUDA driver that comes with the toolkit.

Step 9. Add the binaries and lib files to your path. Reboot.

Step 10. Done! You can make the sample files now. Enjoy your CUDA.

1) Install Ubuntu 12.04.3 64-bit

2) Update
    open terminal:
    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
    sudo shutdown -r now # reboot machine

3) install compilation tools, mpi, nvidia-331 driver, gcc/g++ 4.6
   (supported, as opposed to gcc/g++ 4.8 or 4.7.3) and set as default.
   Also, install other libraries needed for CUDA Toolkit Samples compilation and make the
   respective symbolic links to where the CUDA Toolkit installer will find them:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:xorg-edgers/ppa # adds repository that has latest NVIDIA drivers for 12.04.3
sudo apt-get update # updates package lists
sudo apt-get install build-essential libcr-dev mpich2 mpich2-doc gcc-4.6 g++-4.6 nvidia-331 # build tools, compilers, gcc, nvidia
sudo apt-get install libX11-dev libglu1-mesa libXi-dev libXmu-dev freeglut3-dev # libraries needed for compiling CUDA samples
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.6 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.6
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.8 40 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.8
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXi.so /usr/lib/libXi.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGLU.so /usr/lib/libGLU.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libX11.so /usr/lib/libX11.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libXmu.so /usr/lib/libXmu.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so /usr/lib/libglut.so
sudo shutdown -r now # reboot machine

4) download & install CUDA 5.5 Toolkit 64-bit for Ubuntu 12.10 (RUN):
    download here: https://developer.nvidia.com/cuda-downloads

install -- open terminal in directory where downloaded:

chmod +x cuda_5.5.22_linux_64.run # This marks archive as an executable, archive name might be different
sudo ./cuda_5.5.22_linux_64.run

# step through license agreement, then type: accept
Confirm you are installing on unsupported configuration -- type: y
Installer will ask to install NVIDIA driver -- type: n
Installer will ask to install the CUDA 5.5 Toolkit -- type: y
Installer will ask toolkit location -- default is okay, hit Enter key to select default
Installer will ask to install CUDA 5.5 Samples -- type: y
Installer will ask samples location -- this can be changed, or left to default, I chose /opt/cuda_samples and later chown'ed that directory so that all could read/write to it

Installer should complete, saying:

===========
= Summary =
===========

Driver:   Not Selected
Toolkit:  Installed in /usr/local/cuda-5.5
Samples:  Installed in /opt/cuda_samples

Next:

gedit ~/.bashrc &

and place the following lines in the file:

export PATH=/usr/local/cuda/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/cuda/lib64:/usr/local/cuda/lib:/usr/lib/nvidia-331:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

Also add a variable in .bashrc called CUDA_SAMPLES pointing to the directory where the CUDA samples were installed from above... i.e.:

export CUDA_SAMPLES=/home/username/NVIDIA_CUDA-5.5_Samples

Lastly, to compile all the CUDA Toolkit sources:

# needed to compile samples that depend on GL
cp /usr/local/cuda-5.5/extras/CUPTI/include/GL/glu.h ${CUDA_SAMPLES}/common/inc/GL/
cp /usr/local/cuda-5.5/extras/CUPTI/include/GL/gl.h ${CUDA_SAMPLES}/common/inc/GL/

One other thing, need to make a link to /usr/lib/nvidia-current to the driver files installed
by the nvidia-331 driver, as this is the location where CUDA looks for libraries in Ubuntu. Do this via:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/nvidia-331 /usr/lib/nvidia-current

Finally, from a terminal in the directory that was chosen to install the samples type: make
All the samples should compile successfully.

For platforms with Optimus (laptops) refer to: http://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-getting-started-guide-for-linux/index.html or look at http://bumblebee-project.org/

Source: http://pastebin.com/fDpqvSi5


How do I fix fonts not rendering and missing letters? I have a fresh installation of Ubuntu 14.10 on my laptop. It appears that letters are missing from files and folders, as well as menus and configuration windows. I'm not sure where to start in order to fix this.

I had the same problem on my Dell Inspiron with 5th generation i5 running Ubuntu 14.04. Luckily I found an easy solution for this. First - install Ubuntu Tweak (following commands work for installing it):

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:tualatrix/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-tweak

Then, go to Fonts, change Antialiasing option from
Subpixels Antialiasing (LCD screens only) to Standard Grayscale Aliasing and everything seems to work fine. In fact, the problem immediately appears/disappears on changing the setting, so seems this is indeed the possible cause.

Graphical Guide — Ubuntu Tweak tool

With missing letters, you might have trouble finding the "Antialiasing" label etc. Here's a graphical guide on how the tool looks with working fonts, to help you find where to click.

In the first window, you must pick the "Tweaks" tab in the top row (third from the left — i.e. the central one), then "Fonts" (first icon on the left in the first row):

Then, click the bottom choice bar, and choose the middle option (I can't show a screenshot with the choice bar opened, unfortunately, as Ubuntu doesn't seem to react to me pressing the PrtScr key then :-/)

Graphical Guide — Unity Tweak tool

Similar guide as above, but for the Unity Tweak tool.

After starting the tool, click "Fonts" (right-most icon in the third row):

Then click the marked choice bar, and select the middle option when it opens:

It looks like the issue was fixed in Ubuntu 15.04. I've upgraded and the problem is no longer an issue.

During the upgrade I did notice that several AMD specific packages were installed.


How to change monitor resolution? I have tried to edit System settings,but it shows builtin display.

My monitor is LG IPS236V,23INCH.

  *-display
       description: VGA compatible controller
       product: Park [Mobility Radeon HD 5430]
       vendor: Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. [AMD/ATI]
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       version: 00
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm pciexpress msi vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
       configuration: driver=fglrx_pci latency=0
       resources: irq:16 memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:fbdc0000-fbddffff ioport:de00(size=256) memory:fbd00000-fbd1ffff

How to solve this?

First find out how the monitor is identified.

cat ~/.config/monitors.xml

That command will print out your monitor's current settings. Find the active display such as HDMI1 for me. Once your have your display figured out, you can change the settings with xrandr.

xrandr --output HDMI1 --mode 1920x1080

That will force my monitor connected to HDMI to be in 1080p.

If you really want to make this with GUI, you could edit monitors.xml with gedit.

gedit ~/.config/monitors.xml

In there you can change the height and width, then reboot.

I have had the same here. What helped for me is to change the driver of the display card.

You can try to change the driver by starting:

Additional Drivers

from the Dash button (top left icon)


How to unmount NFS when server is gone? I am mounting a NFS-folder from a server to my laptop.

Unfortunately, the server goes off sometimes... The problem is, that I cannot unmount the "dead" NFS-folder. On the command-line, I get "device is busy", and via nautilus it crashes my current session.

Is there any way to unmount a NFS-folder when the server is off?

You can use umount -f -l /mnt/myfolder, and that will fix the problem.

-f – Force unmount (in case of an unreachable NFS system). (Requires kernel 2.1.116 or later.)
-l – Lazy unmount. Detach the filesystem from the filesystem hierarchy now, and cleanup all references to the filesystem as soon as it is not busy anymore. (Requires kernel 2.4.11 or later.)

Source:Linux Complete Command Reference

I noticed something when trying to unmount directories for NFS servers that go offline.
My first instinct is to unmount lowest subdirectories first and then work my way up to the top of the directory tree.  However, unmounting subdirectories by using --force and --lazy  failed and resulted in a long timeout.  What finally worked for me was when I used --force and --lazy at the top level, as in:
umount --lazy --force /net/machine
Don't first try to unmount the lower directories, such as:
umount --lazy --force /net/machine/subdir


Process 'niceness' vs. 'priority' When running top, I can see this (shortened) example output:

  PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND
 4586 ipc-adm+  20   0 1303900 605152  92844 S  30,6 29,3   3:52.88 firefox
 3985 ipc-adm+  20   0  258588 124508  63072 S  12,2  6,0   0:40.04 compiz
 3092 root      20   0  172392  56164  25980 S   6,1  2,7   0:30.13 Xorg

There are two values that I am interested in: PR (Priority) and NI (Niceness).

If I understood what I already found out correctly, both determine how much CPU time a process will get in contrast to other processes. But what is the difference between those values then?

Could you also please describe how to manipulate those values of a process and under which circumstances this might be useful?

Nice value is a user-space and priority PR is the process's actual priority that use by Linux kernel. In linux system priorities are 0 to 139 in which 0 to 99 for real time and 100 to 139 for users.
nice value range is -20 to +19 where -20 is highest, 0 default and +19 is lowest.
relation between nice value and priority is :

PR = 20 + NI

so , the value of PR = 20 + (-20 to +19) is 0 to 39 that maps 100 to 139.

According to top manual:

  PR  --  Priority The  scheduling  priority  of the task.  If you see
  'rt' in this field, it means the task is running under 'real time'
  scheduling priority.

NI is nice value of task.

  NI  --  Nice Value The  nice  value  of  the task.  A negative nice
  value means higher priority, whereas a positive nice value means lower
  priority.Zero in this field simply means priority will not be adjusted
  in determining a task's dispatch-ability

Edit:
By default when a program is launched in Linux, it gets launched with the priority of '0'. However you can change the priority of your programs by either of the following methods.

You can launch a program with your required priority using

nice -n nice_value program_name

you can also change the priority of an already running process using

renice -n nice_value -p process_id

Short Answer
PR is the priority level. The lower the PR, the higher the priority of the process will be.
PR is calculated as follows:

for normal processes: PR = 20 + NI (NI is nice and ranges from -20 to
19)
for real time processes: PR = - 1 - real_time_priority
(real_time_priority ranges from 1 to 99)

Long Answer
There are 2 types of processes, the normal ones and the real time.
For the normal ones (and only for those), nice is applied as follows:
Nice
The "niceness" scale goes from -20 to 19, whereas -20 is the highest priority and 19 the lowest priority. The priority level is calculated as follows:
PR = 20 + NI

Where NI is the nice level and PR is the priority level. So as we can see, the -20 actually maps to 0, while the 19 maps to 39.
By default, a program nice value is 0, but it is possible for the root user to launch programs with a specified nice value by using the following command:
nice -n <nice_value> ./myProgram

Real Time
We could go even further. The nice priority is actually used for user programs. Whereas the UNIX/LINUX overall priority has a range of 140 values, nice value enables the process to map to the last part of the range (from 100 to 139). This equation leaves the values from 0 to 99 unreachable which will correspond to a negative PR level (from -100 to -1). To be able to access to those values, the process should be stated as "real time".
There are 5 scheduling policies in a LINUX environment that can be displayed with the following command:
chrt -m

Which will show the following list:
1. SCHED_OTHER   the standard round-robin time-sharing policy
2. SCHED_BATCH   for "batch" style execution of processes
3. SCHED_IDLE    for running very low priority background jobs.
4. SCHED_FIFO    a first-in, first-out policy
5. SCHED_RR      a round-robin policy

The scheduling processes could be divided into 2 groups, the normal scheduling policies (1 to 3) and the real time scheduling policies (4 and 5).
The real time processes will always have priority over normal processes. A real time process could be called using the following command (The example is how to declare a SCHED_RR policy):
chrt --rr <priority between 1-99> ./myProgram

To obtain the PR value for a real time process the following equation is applied:
PR = -1 - rt_prior

Where rt_prior corresponds to the priority between 1 and 99. For that reason the process which will have the higher priority over other processes will be the one called with the number 99.
It is important to note that for real time processes, the nice value is not used.
To see the current "niceness" and PR value of a process the following command can be executed:
top

Which shows the following output:

In the figure the PR and NI values are displayed. It is good to note the process with PR value -51 that corresponds to a real time value. There are also some processes whose PR value is stated as "rt". This value actually corresponds to a PR value of -100.


Headsets mic not working on skype Ubuntu 19.10 I have a problem using skype and my headset, I'm using ubuntu 19.10 and skype is on version 8.58.0.93 the headsets I'm using is Aventree ANC032 my problem is that my bluetooth headset's mic is not working in skype, to make it work, I have to go into sound settings and change my output configuration to  Headset Head Unit(HSP/HFP) and change my input device to my headset mic, it will then work but the sound is changed to mono and it sounds terrible, when the call is done, I need to change the output configration back to High Fidelity Playback(A2DP Sink) to get better sound quality where you can actually hear something, changing configurations in skype itself does nothing.

Sometimes the above method doesn't work and I need to unpair my headset and pair it again, then change the configuration in my sound settings

It's very annoying to do this each time I need to take or make a call.

How can I change/fix this, to keep my sterio sound but still have my mic work?

First, turn off your headset. then turn it back on, let it pair, click on the bluetooth manager icon in the system tray, select Devices, see if you can see this device, if it is automatically paired, make sure it is connected as an "Audio Sink". If not, right click on the device, remove the current connection, and then right click again, and connect to "Audio sink".

then, play a youtube video or anything that has audio output, go to pulse audio control, see if you can select this device, and see if you can hear anything. if you have poor audio quality, maybe your headphone is defective. try to pair with your phone and see if it play audio properly.

I have been using two bluetooth headphones (1 earplug) with my Ubuntu 16.04 for skype/zoom calls with no issue. Occasionally it could not automatically pair or won't list it, but dock the headphone and undock it often make it visible to the system again.

if everything works fine, open your skype, goto Tools\Audio video settings and choose this device. basically the audio input/output list in skype will look the same as the pulse audio devices.


How to check the process is already running or not I want to check the particular process in already running or not.

I refereed this Q&A.

But I didn't get any specific solution. Following is the example that I tried:
I have created abc.sh file and run this script on background, like sh abc.sh &.

Now this file is running on background and I fire the ps aux | grep "abc" command.

Following is the output of this command:

prakash     3594  0.0  0.0   4388   820 pts/0    S+   16:44   0:00 grep --color=auto abc

After that I stop the abc.sh running script and fire the same command ps aux | grep "abc" command.

But I am getting same output like:

prakash     3594  0.0  0.0   4388   820 pts/0    S+   16:44   0:00 grep --color=auto abc

Is there any other way to find the process is running or not?

Every process will be listed in the output of ps aux; whether running, sleeping, zombie or stopped.

However, in your case, since you ran the process using sh abc.sh, sh is the application(shell) that is running and not abc.sh. Hence, ps aux will not contain the process abc.sh because of which grep could not yield any result.

So, the correct way you should have used it is as:

ps aux | grep sh

This may also return you other process that are running having the string sh anywhere in their output of ps aux.

You should note that the process will be "running" when the output of ps aux has its STAT as R. If it is something other than that, it is not running at the instance you fired the command to check the running processes. The different process states can be found in the man page for ps:

D    uninterruptible sleep (usually IO)
R    running or runnable (on run queue)
S    interruptible sleep (waiting for an event to complete)
T    stopped, either by a job control signal or because it is being traced
W    paging (not valid since the 2.6.xx kernel)
X    dead (should never be seen)
Z    defunct ("zombie") process, terminated but not reaped by its parent

You could as well run the top command to check if the process is running or sleeping and the amount of CPU, RAM it is consuming. (This will again list your process as sh).

However, if you do want your process to be listed as abc.sh, then you should have the first line of the script you are running as:

#!/bin/sh

so that the shell will know what application to use to run the script(sh in this case, change it to #!/bin/bash for bash) and then provide executable permissions to the process using:

chmod +x /path/to/abc.sh

replacing /path/to/ with the location of the abc.sh file and then run abc.sh using

/path/to/abc.sh

again replacing /path/to/ with the location of the abc.sh file.

if you want to check all processes then use 'top'
if you want to know processes run by java then use ps -ef | grep java
if other process then just use ps -ef | grep xyz or simply /etc/init.d xyz status
if through any code like .sh then ./xyz.sh status


how can i install adobe flash player 11.tar.gz file on ubuntu 13.04 I'm a new user of linux and intalled ubuntu 13.04 and i don't know how to install tar.gz file there. I want to install adobe flash player to play videos on firefox browser. Please give me solution

You don't need to install the tar.gz file.

Following the instructions from How do I install Adobe Flash player? (in a nutshell search and install flash from the Software Centre).

The easiest way is to install it from the software center. Though I think right now my chrome tells me I need a newer version to watch hulu but firefox doesn't...

to install from the tar.gz you need to untar it first, and follow whatever directions might be in a README or INSTALL file inside
tar xzvf adobe_flash.tar.gz or whatever the file is called, then cd adobe_flash and follow the instructions. It's usually pretty annoying since you might need to put certain files in special places for each of your browsers... Like I said software center is the easiest.


Is Logitech's Unifying receiver supported? Logitech has a Unifying receiver that you can add several devices using the same USB device. Is this supported in Ubuntu and if so do I have to additionally configure something so that when adding a new wireless device it gets recognized by the same receiver.

Info: http://www.logitech.com/en-us/66/6079

I've a Logitech Illuminated Keyboard and M525 mouse here, both are using the Logitech Unifying USB receiver. They works out-of-the box, Plug & Play!
lsusb | grep Logitech:
Bus 002 Device 004: ID 046d:c52b Logitech, Inc. Unifying Receiver

dmesg | grep Logitech:
input: Logitech USB Receiver as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.0/input/input2
generic-usb 0003:046D:C52B.0001: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.11 Keyboard [Logitech USB Receiver] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input0
input: Logitech USB Receiver as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.1/input/input3
generic-usb 0003:046D:C52B.0002: input,hiddev0,hidraw1: USB HID v1.11 Mouse [Logitech USB Receiver] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input1
generic-usb 0003:046D:C52B.0003: hiddev0,hidraw2: USB HID v1.11 Device [Logitech USB Receiver] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input2

Having that said, Logitech only supports Unifying software for Windows and Mac OS X. For Linux, I have created the ltunify tool which is described in detail on my article Logitech Unifying for Linux: Reverse Engineering and unpairing tool. Quick installation instructions if you are in a hurry:
sudo apt-get install git gcc
git clone https://git.lekensteyn.nl/ltunify.git
cd ltunify
make install-home

This will fetch the sources and install the program to $HOME/bin/ltunify, if $HOME/bin did not exist before, then you may have to re-login or reopen your terminal. After doing so, you can pair a new device with the sudo ltunify pair command and unpair devices with a command like sudo ltunify unpair mouse (be sure to have a second device that you can use after detaching your Unifying device!).
A graphical tool is also available, Solaar. It has better support for functionality of newer devices such as swapping the functionality of FN keys. It is available though the ppa:daniel.pavel/solaar PPA (if you do not know how to install such a "PPA", see What are PPAs and how do I use them?). After installation, you can search for Solaar in the applications menu and start it from there.

I have a Logitech K360 Keyboard, Logitech Wireless Trackpad, and a Logitech M510 Wireless Mouse, all working through the same unifying receiver.

I configured the devices initially on a Windows machine, then moved the unifying receiver to my Linux box (running ubuntu 12.04). All of the devices work well most of the time.

I have encountered two issues:

The first issue is that I would like to configure different speeds for the trackpad and the mouse, but they are jointly recognised as a mouse, so there is only one configuration possible.

The second issue is that from time-to-time, I appear to lose the signal. In other words, none of the devices will work - or they will stop working. I encounter this on Windows as well - just one of those things. I pull the receiver from the usb slot and then re-insert it and the signal is restored - the devices work.

I am happy with the arrangement, although I do wish that I could find a solution to the first issue.

Hope this helps,


How can I remove LINUX/EBURY from Ubuntu 16.04? I was alerted that I had a virus in my Ubuntu 16.04 which I installed a few weeks ago. I verified the system with chkrootkit to see if it found anything and it did indeed find "LINUX/EBURY".

I searched Google for information about how I can eliminate this virus but found nothing. Does anyone know how I can remove it from my system?

The LINUX/EBURY rootkit is easy to spot.

What it does is create a symlink for libkeyutils.so and add the malware to their version of libkeyutils.so.

I found mine in /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ and it looks like this:

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    18 mrt  5  2015 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1 -> libkeyutils.so.1.5
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14256 okt 16  2014 /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libkeyutils.so.1.5

This looks good but if you have more than 2 lines there that you are in trouble. The problematic file would be something like libkeyutils.so.1.5.0 and have a size of roughly 32k.

The following files are affected by this rootkit:

audit_log_user_message
audit_log_acct_message
hosts_access
connect
__syslog_chk
write
syslog
popen
hosts_access
crypt
pam_start

And to finish it up. These are the SHA-1 hashes of the infection:

09c8af3be4327c83d4a7124a678bbc81e12a1de4 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
2e571993e30742ee04500fbe4a40ee1b14fa64d7 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.4
39ec9e03edb25f1c316822605fe4df7a7b1ad94a – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
3c5ec2ab2c34ab57cba69bb2dee70c980f26b1bf – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
471ee431030332dd636b8af24a428556ee72df37 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.2.1
5d3ec6c11c6b5e241df1cc19aa16d50652d6fac0 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.3
74aa801c89d07fa5a9692f8b41cb8dd07e77e407 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
7adb38bf14e6bf0d5b24fa3f3c9abed78c061ad1 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
9bb6a2157c6a3df16c8d2ad107f957153cba4236 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
9e2af0910676ec2d92a1cad1ab89029bc036f599 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.3
adfcd3e591330b8d84ab2ab1f7814d36e7b7e89f – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
bf1466936e3bd882b47210c12bf06cb63f7624c0 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
d552cbadee27423772a37c59cb830703b757f35e – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.3
e14da493d70ea4dd43e772117a61f9dbcff2c41c – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2
f1ada064941f77929c49c8d773cbad9c15eba322 – Linux/Ebury – Version 1.3.2

Based on this link from welivesecurity.com.

-IF- you are infected it is best to format and re-install and restore a backup that does -not- hold the infection. Also since ssh is involved delete your ssh credentials and make some new keys.

You can check if ssh is infected with

ssh -G 2>&1 | grep -e illegal -e unknown > /dev/null && echo "System clean" || echo "System infected"

I believe this system is more than anything else we been through.

Probably it is running a system on your discs, and drives, where bios has been replaced, making you nearly unable to install 100% to believe legit systems.

The actual thing to see if you are affected is to format a drive not unable for system to detect as internal. Making 16TB drives.

mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdh 17000000000

Only possible with e2fsprogs available from Ubuntu 16.04.

Then mount drive and validate two different commands. Of which one should make system freeze if above 250gb '1TB on zeroing' if your main disk is 250gb.

 Sudo mkdir /mnt/data
Mount /dev/sdh /mnt/data

Sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data bs=128M status=progress

Sudo dd if=/dev/urandom of=/mnt/data bs=128M status=progress

Somehow Ebury uses compression on your computer. It also generates randomised error encounter specific on nearly all computer tasks without system shutdown. Utilizing slowdown or extended battery depletion or slowed down system.


Second Monitor does not detect on Ubuntu 14.04.1 LTS but detects on Windows 8.1 I just installed Ubuntu 14.04.01 LTS on my secondary partition on my Solid State Drive. I noticed that when I went into System Settings --> Displays --> Detect Displays, my system is not detecting the second Acer monitor I have set up.

Other details that my be relevant is that I have a Nvidia GTX 750 TI and the Dell monitor is connected to the video card via DVI and the Acer monitor that is not detecting is connected to the video card through HDMI cable cord.

Please let me know if there is anything I can do to trouble shoot this. I'm sure it is not a hardware issue because the dual monitor set up works on my windows 8.1 OS partition. Happy holidays!

You could try making this the main video card in BIOS.

the Acer monitor that is not detecting is connected to the video card through HDMI cable cord

It might make it detectable and hopefully the other monitor connected to the other card will work too. There is no harm in giving it a shot because if nothing loads, then you can always just switch it back to how it was before.

Check if your video card driver is installed correctly, by going to system settings, updates, additional drivers.
Run Nvidia settings, when GUI opens check on the Nvidia gui how many monitors are detected, press on detect displays from within the gui and see if second display is detected.
If that don't work out,  check for driver or Linux software that can detect HDMI.


Frequently disconnections of wifi on lenovo yoga 2 Hello my wifi had started to disconnect it worked perfectly one week ago and now I cant do anything on other devices its working (mac,android). Any suggestions?

lspci -knn | grep Net -A2:

01:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM43142 802.11b/g/n [14e4:4365] (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Lenovo Device [17aa:0611]
    Kernel driver in use: wl

sudo lshw -c network

 *-network
       description: Wireless interface
       product: BCM43142 802.11b/g/n
       vendor: Broadcom Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
       logical name: wlan0
       version: 01
       serial: 14:2d:27:f2:1d:11
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
       configuration: broadcast=yes driver=wl0 driverversion=6.30.223.248 (r487574) ip=192.168.1.6 latency=0 multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11abg
       resources: irq:18 memory:b0400000-b0407fff

rfkill list all:

 0: ideapad_wlan: Wireless LAN
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no
    1: ideapad_bluetooth: Bluetooth
        Soft blocked: yes
        Hard blocked: no
    2: phy0: Wireless LAN
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no
    3: brcmwl-0: Wireless LAN
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no

Download this driver

make sure it's unzipped on your desktop then open terminal and type these commands:

cd Desktop

then

cd rtlwifi_new-master

then

sudo make install

Reboot after installation has finished.


How can I take a full page screenshot of a webpage from the command line? I have installed CutyCapt on my Linode VPS and using it to generate screenshots by following command.

xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0, 1024x768x24" ./CutyCapt --url=http://www.google.com --out=example.png

Its working great as expected. The only problem is what if the page can be scrolled vertically (ie. greater than 768 in height)? The screenshot will be chopped in that case. One possible solution is to take a longer height of screen (say, 2000), and then remove the white space from bottom. But that won't be an optimal solution.

Can someone suggest me a better solution?

Here a list of applications that you can use from terminal:

wkhtmltopdf (source)

wkhtmltopdf is a command line utility that converts html to pdf using webkit rendering engine.

sudo apt-get install wkhtmltopdf

wkhtmltoimage (source)

The wkhtmltoimage utility shall take the screenshot of a given url, and save it as a png image. It uses the webkit rendering engine.

Download :
http://code.google.com/p/wkhtmltopdf/downloads/list

Usage :

To use the wkthmltoimage utility simple run the command from terminal, giving the url and the name for the image file.

$ ./wkhtmltoimage-amd64 http://www.google.com google.png

It will create google.png in home directory with the screenshot of www.google.com

Other options :

wkhtmltoimage provides many options to customise the screenshot. Some examples are as follows :

Quality - Controls the quality/compression of the generation image. Default is 94

$ ./wkhtmltoimage-amd64 --quality 50 http://www.google.com google.png

Disable images

$ ./wkhtmltoimage-amd64 --no-images http://www.google.com google.png

Disable javascript

$ ./wkhtmltoimage-amd64 --disable-javascript http://www.google.com google.png

Crop the screenshot

$ ./wkhtmltoimage-amd64 --crop-h 300 --crop-w 300 --crop-x 0 --crop-y 0 http://www.google.com googl

cutycapt (source)

Cutycapt is a utility to take the screenshot of a url, using the webkit rendering engine and save it to an image file.

Install

sudo apt-get install subversion libqt4-webkit libqt4-dev g++ cutycapt

Usage
To use cutycapt, simply run the command from the terminal, providing the url and the name for the output file.

$ cutycapt --url=http://www.google.com/ --out=google.png

It will create google.png file in home directory which would have the screenshot of www.google.com

khtml2png (source)

khtml2png uses the konqueror rendering engine to create screenshots of web pages.

Download

http://khtml2png.sourceforge.net/index.php?page=download

Install

To install khtml2png, the program has to be compiled and build on the system.

sudo apt-get install kdelibs4-dev zlib1g-dev g++ cmake
Extract the khtml2png archive.
./configure
make
sudo checkinstall (this will create a deb file and install it , so that it can easily uninstalled later)

Usage
To use khtml2png run the program from commandline providing the url and other options.

$ khtml2png2 --width 800 --height 600 http://www.google.com/ google.png

This would create a google.png in home directory with the screenshot of www.google.com.

PyWebShot (source)

Pywebshot uses python bindings embedded mozilla ( http://www.mozilla.org/unix/gtk-embedding.html )

Install

sudo apt-get install python-gtkmozembed

Download pywebshot from https://github.com/coderholic/PyWebShot

Usage :

$ python pywebshot.py www.google.com -t 1024x768&lt;br /&gt;<br />Loading www.google.com... saved as www.google.com.png

It should create a www.google.com.png in the directory which has the screenshot of size 1024 x 768.

If you want to take a screenshot of an webpage, then why dont you use "ScreenGrab addon" ?
This addon can take fill screen screen-shots and even of selected area. Check it out here:
https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/1146


Ubuntu 14.04 Network Manager is not available after Sw-Update After running a regular Sw-update this morning, and restarting my Lenovo T430-based Ubuntu 14.04, the Network Icon on my Gnome2-panel is all grey and on left-clicking on it, it says: NetworkManager is not running.
I tried to start the service manually from a terminal:

sudo service network-manager restart

But this only returned:

stop: Unknown instance:
network-manager start/running, process 5174

Needless to say, the network-icon in my gnome-panel remained grey and
no internet-connection was established. And then, while trying to kill this process 5174 with:

kill 5174

the terminal returned:

bash: kill: (5174) - No such process

What's going on here ?
Any advice how to get online again ?

Have you tried this, and enter in the terminal:

sudo apt-get install --reinstall network-manager

and then reboot, and it might work fine this way.


Wifi not working on Toshiba Satillite s55 with ubuntu 13.04 I'm new to ubuntu and I'm in trouble. I just installed ubuntu 13.04 on my Toshiba Satillite s55-a5276 and the wifi is not working, it's not giving me an option to search to wifi connection. I have been searching the web for solutions but no luck.

Could you please specify your wifi-card model?

If you don't know how just type into terminal lspci -v | grep -i wireless

I was facing the same problem.  I bought Toshiba Satellite S55 from costco and installed Ubuntu 13.04 first which WIFI doesn't even recognized.  And I updated the OS to 13.10 hoping that it would resolve the issue.  But no luck.  And I read somewhere in the forum saying that I need to download RTL8188EE driver from www.realtek.com for linux flavour the latest one which released on feb/2013.  I have downloaded and followed the instructions.

download the driver from (http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/...oads=true#2722)
run the following using sodu
sudo make
sudo make install
sudo reboot
if not, run the install from combat/script
reboot
check the wifi using iwlist scan or iwconfig


automatically run terminal with certain command on login Mother dropped some tea in the keyboard and as a result of that the shift key died.I mean it is always on. I researched and found out that there is a comand to solve that:

xmodmap -e 'keycode 50 = NoSymbol'

so I open terminal and copy paste. Works Perfect.

The only problem is that on startup the order is gone and it is trcky to "teach her" how to do it again.So i like to fix it forever without having to go to the terminal everytime I start the computer...It has been 2 weeks without restarting...:-)

I read a couple of post about "expect " command but could not figure it out.

This may be a bad response, but have you tried outputting the command in the program "Startup Applications"? I had to do that for Conky to start upon login.

To execute a script at startup of Ubuntu

Edit /etc/rc.local and add your commands
The script must always end with exit 0

Source


Error when installing oracle-java7-installer I'm trying to install Java 7 on my Ubuntu 12.04. But everytime I try, it always shows error like below. This is when I'm trying to upgrade even when the Java 7 is not installed

harits@harits-ubuntu:~$ sudo apt-get upgrade
[sudo] password for harits:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages will be upgraded:
  oracle-java7-installer
1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/15.3 kB of archives.
After this operation, 3,072 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Setting up oracle-java7-installer (7u3-0~eugenesan~precise4) ...
Downloading...
--2012-07-14 17:53:46--  http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u3-b04/jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz
Resolving download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)... 111.94.254.10, 111.94.254.17
Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|111.94.254.10|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u3-b04/jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz [following]
--2012-07-14 17:53:46--  https://edelivery.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/7u3-b04/jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz
Resolving edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)... 184.51.118.174
Connecting to edelivery.oracle.com (edelivery.oracle.com)|184.51.118.174|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Moved Temporarily
Location: http://download.oracle.com/errors/download-fail-1505220.html [following]
--2012-07-14 17:53:47--  http://download.oracle.com/errors/download-fail-1505220.html
Connecting to download.oracle.com (download.oracle.com)|111.94.254.10|:80... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 5307 (5.2K) [text/html]
Saving to: `./jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz'

     0K .....                                                 100% 95.1M=0s

2012-07-14 17:53:47 (95.1 MB/s) - `./jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz' saved [5307/5307]

Download done.
sha256sum mismatch jdk-7u3-linux-i586.tar.gz
Oracle JDK 7 is NOT installed.
dpkg: error processing oracle-java7-installer (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 oracle-java7-installer
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
harits@harits-ubuntu:~$

Can somebody tell me how to fix this problem?

Well looks like this is an old question but no one has answered it yet so...  better late than never I guess.  I've been ripping my hair out over this too.  Like you most boards just tell me too use open-jdk.  what most people don't seem to understand that open-jdk and jdk-7 are not one to one mappings of each other and many tools relied upon by developers simply don't work with open-jdk.  ANYWAY...

I found a solution which solved the problem for me.  Hopefully it will work for you.

sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/info/oracle-java7-installer*

sudo apt-get purge oracle-java7-installer

sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*java*

sudo apt-get update

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:webupd8team/java

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

To expand on Ben's answer while also addressing Ahmad's point:
Replace the following step in Bens answer:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer

With:

sudo apt-get install oracle-java9-installer

And if that doesn't work, just install the default version by running:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-java-with-apt-get-on-ubuntu-16-04


Error Installing ruby-rvm When I try to install ruby-rvm, I get this...

$ sudo apt-get install ruby-rvm
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Some packages could not be installed. This may mean that you have
requested an impossible situation or if you are using the unstable
distribution that some required packages have not yet been created
or been moved out of Incoming.
The following information may help to resolve the situation:

The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 ruby-rvm : Depends: libreadline-gplv2-dev but it is not going to be installed
E: Unable to correct problems, you have held broken packages.

Alright, fine, so I'll install libreadline-gplv2-dev.

$ sudo apt-get install libreadline-gplv2-dev
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  libsdl-ttf2.0-0 libdb5.1-java-gcj libdb-je-java gcj-4.6-jre-lib libecj-java ttf-dejavu-extra eclipse-platform-data ruby1.9.1-examples gcj-4.6-base
  libxerces2-java libswt-gtk-3-jni libgcj-bc libjtidy-java gstreamer0.10-fluendo-mp3:i386 libicu4j-java libservlet2.4-java libswt-cairo-gtk-3-jni
  libcommons-beanutils-java junit libdb-java ruby1.9.1-dev libcommons-cli-java libtcltk-ruby1.9.1 libcommons-logging-java libcommons-compress-java libgcj12
  libswt-gtk-3-java libdb5.1-java libicu4j-4.4-java libswt-gnome-gtk-3-jni libyaml-0-2 icedtea-netx-common libjsch-java libruby1.9.1-dbg jarwrapper
  libxml-commons-resolver1.1-java libhal1 ri1.9.1 libapache-pom-java libxt-dev libxml-commons-external-java tzdata-java libcommons-el-java
  libservlet2.5-java libcommons-httpclient-java libslf4j-java libasm3-java libregexp-java fastjar libjasper-java libruby1.9.1 libcommons-codec-java
  libcommons-lang-java libhamcrest-java liblucene2-java liboil0.3:i386 libequinox-osgi-java libcommons-parent-java libcommons-collections3-java
  ruby1.9.1-full libgcj-common libcommons-digester-java libjetty-java libjline-java ruby1.9.1 libswt-webkit-gtk-3-jni libswt-glx-gtk-3-jni
Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them.
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libreadline5
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  libreadline-dev libreadline6-dev r-base-dev
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libreadline-gplv2-dev libreadline5
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 3 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 375 kB of archives.
After this operation, 258 kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?

That looks bad.  This will meddle with my java installation and remove r-base-dev?  What's up with this?

You should not use the package ruby-rvm it's outdated and contains old (and buggy) version of RVM, you can read about this here: https://stackoverflow.com/a/9056395/497756

I plan to release mainatained package for RVM 2.x, but in the package you try to install is out of my control and I have no possibility (and time) to fix it.

It is better to use rbenv, it follows UNIX conventions making integration with other UNIX tools easier.


Swap vertical and horizontal scroll axis Is there a way to swap the vertical and horizontal scroll axes, e.g., so that when scrolling right on the touchpad it scrolls down on screen?

For swapping vertical scroll axis you just have to enable the natural scrolling. You can find it under settings -> devices -> mouse and touchpad. In 17.04 this option inverted the horizontal scroll axis too, but if you have the 18.04 it does not seems to work at the moment.


Upstart to automount USB in Ubuntu Server 20.04 I would like to have my home Ubuntu server automount USB devices.
Currently, I mannually write
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/library

However, I tried to write an Upstart script, start-library.conf in /etc/init, but that did not work. Am I doing something wrong? The contents of that file are:
exec sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/library

I experimented with stanzas as well, such as
script
    sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/library
end script

But that did not work either.
Am I missing something in the Upstart template? Or does it just not work because those usb devices haven't loaded yet at the time this script exectutes? Can I do something about that? specify the runlevel? If so, which one? Etc. Idk.

usbmount is the tool to automatically mount and unmount USB mass storage devices.
You can install it like so:
Run in the terminal:
sudo apt update

Then run:
sudo apt install usbmount

Then run:
sudo systemctl restart udev

Done. When a USB storage device is connected, it will be mounted under /media/usb[0-7] and it will be unmounted when disconnected.

I have put my command in rc.local and that works perfectly. So I abandoned Ubuntu Upstart, the documentation wasn't really clear to me.


Unable to install Ubuntu 12.10 on windows 8 machine/ error no5 Installing crashes halfway through "Copying Files," showing an I/O device error error number 5.

There was problem in beginning of installation too--Ubuntu was not detecting the  installed Windows 8 system.

My system is a dell Inspiron 5520 laptop, with a 1 TB WDC hard disk in GPT, with EFI.

My current partition layout is:

102 MB EFI SYSTEM partition
200 GB Windows 8 ntfs
22 GB root Ext4
8 GB swap
20 GB home Ext4
680 GB ntfs Drive for storing all my files

I tried installing both from a DVD disc and a USB drive; both resulted in the same error.

The built-in Dell hardware diagnosis utility showed both hard disk and DVD drive as healthy.

What may be the reason and how can I install ubuntu along side my Windows 8 system?


How to display more than 1 terminal simultaneously Sometimes when I work, I use more than one terminal and I find it inconvenient to switch between them when all of them were invoked using Ctrl+Alt+T. Is there any program or terminal that after launching would provide me with 4 independent terminals each of them would occupy ¼ of the screen while making it easy to switch between them, for instance by using the Tab key?

You need Terminator:

sudo apt-get install terminator

For four terminals at start-up, do the following:

Start terminator
Split the terminal Ctrl+Shift+O
Split the upper terminal Ctrl+Shift+O
Split the lower terminal Ctrl+Shift+O
Open Preferences and select Layouts
Click Add and enter a usefull layout name and Enter
Close Preferences and Terminator
Open Terminator with this command:

terminator --maximise --layout=<your_layout_name>

or with this command:

terminator --maximise --borderless --layout=<your_layout_name>

Jump between the terminal windows with Ctrl+Tab.

You can assign your personal terminator command to Ctrl+Alt+T in Keyboard Settings > Shortcuts. (Thx @Wilf)

Of course you can also create a terminator.desktop file. Copy the original desktop file and make your changes:

cp /usr/share/applications/terminator.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/
nano ~/.local/share/applications/terminator.desktop

I would strongly recommend tmux. It offers a whole lot of customizations and total independence from the mouse (if that is concern). You can split screens horizontally, vertically, switch between them with some keystrokes, leave sessions open and reconnect to them later, etc.


Can the C++ API be used to develop scopes for Unity 7? I want to develop a Unity 7 scope for Ubuntu 14.04. I've found a nice introduction here, but unity-scope-tool depends on Unity 8 which I don't won't to install. As I can see, most of the other scopes are written in Vala or Python.

Can I use C++ api to develop scopes for Unity 7?

I've asked the question at the #ubuntu-unity IRC channel and it looks like the new C++ API is only available for the Unity8 infrastructure. So, the answer is NO.

I honestly see no issue.  Your using C++ to develop code for an OS.  As long as you know what your doing, you should be able to compile with minimal effort and issue.


How to list all the files in a tree (a directory and its subdirs)? For a task of mine I need to list all the files in a tree (a directory, all its subdirs, all subdirs of those, etc.).

I'd prefer to see them in Nautilus or Krusader, but a command-line solution is interesting as well (in this case I will need files full names, sizes and modification times to be listed).

tree will be very convenient for you.

sudo apt-get install tree

using tree filepathto list the files.

you can put these in your .bashrc file

function _get_tree(){ ls -alR | while read LINE; do   echo $LINE | grep ":$" > /dev/null;   if [ $? -eq 0 ];   then     VAR=$(echo $LINE | grep ":$"| sed -e 's/:$//' -e 's/[^-][^\/]*\//--/g' -e 's/^/   /' -e 's/-/|/' | tee /dev/tty);   fi;   echo $LINE | grep "^-" > /dev/null;   if [ $? -eq 0 ];   then     size=${#VAR};     for i in $(eval echo "{1..$size}"); do echo -n ' '; done;     echo -n '..';     echo $LINE | cut -d ' ' -f9;   fi; done; };

alias get_tree='_get_tree'

Now, you can use get_tree command inside any directory and it will display the entire hierarchy.

Syntax:

$ get_tree

Sample Output:

   .

    ..test.sh

   |-2

      ..123.log

   |---3

   |-----4

   |-5

   |---6

Hope, This Helps !!


Endless loop when booting from a Ubuntu usb disk I'd like to install Ubuntu on a pavilion g6 2255 but unfortunately the computer enters an endless loop during boot. What I observe is:

the screen is switched off
a few seconds later, the screen is switched on but remains blank and dark
repeat from step 1

I reproduced these steps with Ubuntu 12.10 and 12.04 both in 32 and 64 bits either from a CD or a usb key. I also tried to boot from a live usb key with the same results. My usb key  works fine as I can boot from it with another computer.

What can I do to overcome this bootloop? I read about setting modset=0 in the boot config file, in order to circumvent the lack of drivers for some recent graphical cards, but I'm not certain that would resolve my boot loop problem

Edit

As asked in the comment beneath, no text gets printed during the process I described. Actually I don't even believe this problem is related to Ubuntu since when I press escape during step 2, I can almost access the computer boot/bios menu. But the computer "runs short of time" and reboots.

In order to check if it was Ubuntu related my plan was to boot from some other USB-based unix both with my old computer (that actually boots Ubuntu) and with my new HP pavilion g6 2255, then compare. As I have installed OSX mountain lion on my old Mac today (a third computer) via USB, I decided to use it as a test specimen. Here are the results :

Old PC : nothing, just an underscore prompt blinking on the screen (which was to be expected since it is amd-based).
HP pavilion : the boot loop I described above

On this basis, I decided it wasn't Ubuntu related and tried to toggle the settings that seemed relevant in the bios, one by one. I first changed the way USB behaves during boot and set the computer to recognize USB as 2.0 during pre-os stage then enable USB 3.0 afterwards. The boot loop was still there.

Then I enabled legacy support which is useful for some "old" OS then booted on the osx dongle. I observed the same blank but switched-on screen as in step 2 but without the loop.

That's when I decided to try to boot from a Ubuntu install disc, with the hope that I had overcome the boot loop problem and that now osx was the problem (which is probably to be expected since this is a 100% legit osx version, not something to build hackintoshes).

And that's when I got that epic result : after having inserted the disc and forced the computer to reboot it turned out I'm not even able to switch my computer on anymore. I press the power button and absolutely nothing happens, just like if I was trying to power on a brick.

So I guess I solved the problem from above but I think I need some more help (I'm actually laughing as I write this) : I will return this god forsaken time abyss PC to the store.

Is it legit/legal/allowed/in the scope of my warranty to do what I have done? I mean trying to boot on a osx USB stick with no intent of installing it whatsoever? How should I act? Tell them the truth or act like a fool that just wanted to install Ubuntu on his laptop?

I'd have to say that you should be fine.
But maybe avoid mentioning that you tried to boot OSX.
All you have attempted to do is boot your computer to a Unix based operating system from an Optical and Solid state disk, failed to actually modify your configuration, and ended up with a non-functional computer.
You've done nothing that should cause a problem.
The reboot loop does seem to be a common issue on HP laptops, my HP Envy is doing the same when I try and boot to an Ubuntu flash drive.

My G6 did the same thing. To turn the computer back on, just keep holding the power button. It worked for me at least when I was trying to install Windows 7. Good luck!


Can I run Steam as its own standalone session? I would like to run Steam in a standalone mode so I don't have to load a desktop and then run Steam. I just want 100% of my resources dedicated to the game.

Ideally it would just be a Steam session that I can log into from the login screen. Is this possible?

Perhaps this story might be sufficient which uses steam-login which uses xfwm4 under the covers to provide a lightweight desktop with Steam on top.

Here's the information from the README:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:thor27-gmail/steam-desktop
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install steam-login

Then logout and back in to get a Steam session. See also:

What are PPAs and how do I use them?
Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

For what it's worth, I don't think it is necessary to install anything. Or to have any desktop at all, lightweight or otherwise.

I'm assuming Steam is a game that requires graphics and hence x. You don't have to have a desktop to start x. You'll have to look a little to find the equivalent in whatever 'buntu you are using but in Lubuntu 13.04 to have an x session with no desktop you delete the line beginning  "@pcmanfm . . ." from the file /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart. This is what I do all the time now.

A desktop always seemed pointless to me. You could keep a copy of the regular version of the file with the suffix -regular added to the filename and a copy of the edited version with the suffix -steam. Then just copy whichever and rename it to remove the suffix. So find your autostart file and delete the line referring to your file manager.

If you also don't want your panels just start a terminal or use alt-f2 and killall whatever-the-name-of-your-panel-is. Then use alt-f2 to start your game. If you have the disk space it might be more convenient to do this on a seperate installation on another partition. Then you wouldn't need to be renaming config files between the regular version and the steam-only version and you wouldn't need to even have panels or anything else extraneous installed. And of course no un-needed services. On the other hand if you wanted to use the same partition it probably wouldn't be too hard to write a script to rename config files and reboot in order to switch between the regular and the steam-only modes.


How to switch display from laptop to external monitor? Ubuntu version is 10.10 and the laptop is Lenovo W520. A monitor is connected to the laptop through VGA. Display works under Window 7. But under Ubuntu, System->Preferences->Monitors only sees the laptop, not external monitor. How to switch and display on the external monitor? Thanks!

I used to use this.. I tried it now on 12.04 with Gnome Shell 3.4 and it worked. Just connect your external monitor, place it wherever you want (top, left, right..) and in terminal run this command:

xrandr --output VGA1 --primary

I hope it is what you're looking for.

If you want a hardware solution, take apart the computer, find the display connector (usually flat with a black cable) and unplug it from the mobo. This will force the primary display to be external


Bootloader missing after USB install I've tried to install Ubuntu 12.04 from USB following the official instructions I created the USB key and started the install.

I chose to install Ubuntu alongside Windows and kept the suggested partitioning scheme.

At the end of the install I rebooted and the bootloader is not there and Windows boots.

I have tried with both Universal USB Installer (suggested on the Ubuntu site) and with Unetbootin.

In my case, the boot loader was installed on my USB.

I fixed it by booting into Linux with the USB and then run grub-install on the drive (/dev/sda in my case) again, which will install and configure grub to the drive.

Put windows disk and click on Repair.
Start command prompt

Type

Bootrec.exe/fixmbr
Bootrec.exe/fixboot

You should get your Bootloader back.

Edit In case you  don't have installation media:

You can download recovery disk from your Manufacturer.
You can    download , master boot record disk and use it to repair
boot record.
You can do complete system backup using your Backup Drive. (
Provided    as recovery disk from manufacturer.)


Will btrfs automatically compress existing files when compression is enabled? I chose btrfs as the format of my / filesystem in the Ubuntu 12.04 LTS installer. After the installation completed, I added compress=lzo to the mount options in /etc/fstab and rebooted.

Will the existing files be automatically compressed now, or must I explicitly do something to cause that to happen?

You will have to run btrfs fi defragment to force recompression of existing data. Otherwise, only new data will be compressed.

From the FAQ:

  ...consider remounting with -o compress, and either rewrite particular files in-place, or run btrfs fi defragment to recompress everything. This may take a while.

Compression is enabled by default in Btrfs, so unless you explicitely disabled it, it should be compressed.


How to edit the xorg.conf My development environment Ubuntu14.04

I use Ubuntu 14.04 usb boot. When I installed CUDA7.0, the black screen appeared. But, I can enter the console mode.

so, I tried to edit the /etc/X11/xorg.conf. but, could not be edited in readonly.

I tried it with "sudo", "su", "su - " by vim. The results of "ls" , it is shown below.

#ls -ls

-rw-r--r-- root root

I can't understand that this file can't be edited by the root authority.

#lsof ｜grep xorg.conf

there is nothing.

and I tried with recovery mode, It was the same situation. Please advice somebody.

The xorg.conf does not exist by default any more. You CAN create one though.

Boot into recovery mode and select Root Shell. Then run:

X -configure

Then:

cp /root/xorg.conf.new /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Reboot and you can edit the new Xorg.conf.

You don't even need to reboot, just do sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

Assuming that these commands give you read only access

sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf
sudo vi /et/X11/xorg.conf

And that you can't become root with

su

I'm wondering whether it is possible to

sudo mv xorg.conf xorg-old.conf
sudo touch xorg.conf
xclip -sel clip xorg-old.conf # copy file to clipboard
sudo vi xorg.conf # paste xorg-old.conf into the file and try to edit

Otherwise you might be able to change the permissions of the file

sudo chmod 744 /etc/X11/xorg.conf