Can read but cannot write to Samba share I'm trying to set up a Samba share that is only accessible by a particular user.  I'd like that user to have read/write access to all files in the share.

The smb.conf file below will let me access the share through the one user 'patrick' but I can't get write access to work - I cannot modify or delete files on the mounted share via windows.  The user does have the proper permissions set for the directory per below.

How can I enable read/write access?  I do not want to change the directory/file permissions to 0777 like many of the other forum posts would suggest.

Directory permissions:

drwxr-xr-x   6 patrick patrick  4096 Jul  3  2015 ./
drwxr-xr-x   3 root    root     4096 Jul  1  2015 ../
drwxrwxr-x+ 15 patrick patrick 65536 Jan 22 00:01 music/

The smb.conf file:

[global]
   workgroup = WORKGROUP
        server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

#   wins support = no
   dns proxy = no
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
   max log size = 1000
   syslog = 0
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
   server role = standalone server
   passdb backend = tdbsam
   obey pam restrictions = yes
   unix password sync = yes
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
   pam password change = yes
   map to guest = never

   usershare allow guests = no

[Music]
   comment = Music on Ceres
   path = /mnt/largemarge/music
   valid users = patrick
   browseable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = no
   create mask = 0775
   directory mask = 0755
   force user = patrick

After hours of searching, I discovered that the share name and the share directory cannot be the same (and it's not case-sensitive, either).  See this post on serverfault.

So, if I change my share name in smb.conf from:

[Music]

to

[Tunes]

I can both read and write to the share.  No other changes to my smb.conf were necessary, and no need to chmod 0777.

In Homes:

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

so have you tried "read only = no" to your shares? or "writeable = yes"


How to delete file(s) in secure manner? Is there a way to make sure that a deleted file can not be recovered?

As you know, deleting a file by pressing shift-del or using trash doesn't mean that file is gone forever. It resides somewhere in the computer.

In day to day life, law enforcement or thieves use recovery programs to reveal our private data or something else.

They can recover all data that resides on hard disk, in RAM, and even USB.

To protect us from these people, what should one do? Which program should one use?

Note: I don't want an answer like first use a recovery program then erase that file with shred. With just one program, I want to erase all unused/deleted files on my computer.

Shred
This command line tool is already installed from the core utilities in Ubuntu to securely erase and overwrite single files using the Gutman method.
Fast shredding
shred -vzn 0 /dev/sdc1

erases whole partitions by overwriting everything with 0s in a single iteration. If no legal aspects require another procedure, doing so is most probably safe to securely delete your private data.
from Craig Wright Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2008, 5352, 243-257.
Secure shredding
shred -vzn 3 /dev/sdc1

erases the whole partition using 3 iterations with random numbers. In addition (option -z) this writes zeros to hide the shredding process at the end. This will take 4 times longer than the fast method.
NOTE: By shredding a partition we will overwrite this partition with 0 or random numbers. It therefore efficiently deletes everything including file system caches on that partition forever. This can also be used to remove unwanted remnants of deleted files. Files we want to keep will have to be backed up before shredding.

Wipe

More options, and the possibility of erasing directories in addition to single files, are offered by this command line utility.
wipe filename
wipe -r dirname

Additional notes on journaling file systems and SSDs:

Please read the notes in the linked manpages on security issues arising from still recoverable backups in journaling file systems when erasing single files. Overwriting whole partitions rather than single files will effectively erase all data even when using a journaling file system.

Erasing data on a solid state disk (SSD) can if at all only be done by overwriting the whole drive (not only single partitions) with several iterations. Some SSDs may have an inbuilt feature to erase data but this may not always be efficient (see this link from comment). At present there is no general recommendation on the wiping processes or number of erase iterations needed to securely remove all data remnants on all SSDs available.

These options can be added in the context menu of Nautilus and Thunar.

In Thunar, open "Edit" then "Configure Custom Actions"

Add (the plus sign)
Name "Shred File"
Description whatever you like
Action "shred -u %f"
Similarly for wipe.

For Nautilus see this question and those related

Select "Appearance Conditions" and select "Other Files"

I use truecrypt file image for such essential data. I't handy, free, crossplatform and I don't need a full disk nor using any extra software to "really delete" the file.

Just make sure you have strong password and make make backup of the image file. I keep backup in a cloud.


Exclude packages from `apt-get upgrade` Possible Duplicate:
  How to prevent updating of a specific package?
  Keep the Ubuntu package version I'm using now

Is it possible to upgrade all packages except a given package? Is there something like apt-get upgrade --exclude package_to_exclude?

To hold a package:

In short: sudo apt-mark hold <package>

or

echo <package> hold | sudo dpkg --set-selections

To unhold a package:

In short: sudo apt-mark unhold <package>

or

echo <package> install | sudo dpkg --set-selections

Check out "Introduction to Holding Packages" in the Ubuntu's Pinning Howto


Run same command again but as root Sometimes when I run a command I don't notice that I needed to run it as super user to have enough permission.

Is there a way to run the same command again but as a super user?

The simplest way is to run:

sudo !!

This will run the last command but as super user.

Source.

su -c "!!"

If you do not have permission to be root with sudo or sudo program did not install on system.


Newbie question...My Intel DZ77BH-55K came with a windows express installer disk Which obviously, even to me, doesn't work under Ubuntu 12.04.

Does Ubuntu sort everything out for itself, or do I have to find drivers? somewhere.

Along the same lines I have a Nvidia 450 GForce graphics card, plus there is some built in HD Graphics on the Mobo all I get under settings is driver unknown experience standard.

Under startup aplications there is a mention of Nvidia X Server settings?

Again, am I likely to need supplemental drivers.

At the moment all I know how to do is boot into Ubuntu, search the web, and inspect the file system, I am grass green as far as Linux goes.

I found a post that may interest you, have a look at it maybe you will find answers :
How do I enable the Nvidia Geforce GTX 570?


What is the (initial) root password for Ubuntu on Nexus 7? Is it possible to install anything on nexus 7' Ubuntu? I installed Ubuntu, booted, but there's only default admin account.

It's ubuntu

You can find more info here:

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Nexus7/UsingTheDevice

For more information about this, check out:
https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Nexus7/

I haven't tested this, but as a rule of thumb Ubuntu never lets you log in as root. To "become" root, run "sudo su" in a terminal and enter your user's password -- I assume it let you configure this? If not, then I really don't know. I would like to test Ubuntu for Nexus 7 at some point.


Can I use the Unity launcher icon to minimize applications/windows? I don't know if this is a feature or a bug, but clicking on an active application's launcher icon doesn't minimize it. It is terribly inconvenient for folks using a persistent Unity bar to click minimize button every time. Is there any way to add minimize functionality to the launchers?

For 14.04 & 14.10:

An unsupported capability was added to Unity for Trusty.  Unsupported means that Canonical do not guarantee this capability moving forwards towards Unity 8.
However, from a LTS point-of-view this gives those users at least 5 years with just this capability.  This is not directly available through the standard GUI.
For a safe way, reach for a terminal and copy & paste the following:
gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-minimize-window true

To undo this change:
gsettings set org.compiz.unityshell:/org/compiz/profiles/unity/plugins/unityshell/ launcher-minimize-window false

For an unsafe method, you can use compizconfig-settings-manager :

Launch the application and click on Ubuntu Unity Plugin:

Switch to the Launcher tab and put the checkmark beside Minimize Single Window Applications (Unsupported) to enable this feature.

See to minimize the the app you will see an option same like windows 7 but on the left hand side of the screen if your app is maximized the you have to scroll the cursor to the upper left hand corner of the screen and minimize
it will minimize on the ubuntu unity launcher


Fast (twice in <1s) pressing of the same key on keyboard is not recognized correctly. What can it be? If I press any button 2 times quickly (I mean with less one second of delay between the keystrokes), Ubuntu doesn't detect the second one. In particularly, Ubuntu seems to detect the pressure because when I push the backspace, I can listen the sound related to the beating, but it has no effect (the letter is not inserted in the text or deleted in backspace case). How to fix it?

Note: I used Ubuntu 11.10

I had the same problem. Its with the key board.

This is called filter keys. you have to uncheck this function, this function does not recognize multiple strikes of same key in continuance.

Press shift 5 times, you will either 1) get a window of sticky keys. press 'settings'and uncheck filter keys or, 2) see a small clock on the lower right hand side of your screen, click on that and it will open sticky keys window and rest follow the same as in 1). and you are done :)

Let me know if it helps !! :)

To fix the problem, disable "Bounce Keys" in the universal access menu.


Enabling window decorations made me disable unity plugin. No borders So I started messing around with Compiz a bit

I enabled window decorations but that made me disable unity plugin

So no launcher and no task bar or whatever it's called in Linux I accidentaly minimised the Compiz Settings and POOF it's gone I opened the monitor settings to end compiz's process now am stuck with no borders at all! so I booted into Live mode just to ask here :z do I need a fresh install or is there a solution?

Open a Virtual Console. Ctrl+Alt+F1 to open it.

rm ~/.gconf ~/.gconfd ~/.metacity ~/.compiz-1 ~/.config/compiz-1 ~/.config/dconf -rf

And then reboot. It will remove all the settings and start Ubuntu in vanilla state.

Install unity-tweak-tool:

sudo service lightdm restart

Then run as normal user:

unity-tweak-tool --reset-unity


I cannot find .bash_profile in ubuntu I can't find .bash_profile in Ubuntu 14.04 in my /home/user directory. I used the ls -a command to see the .bash_profile, but there isn't such a file.

Ubuntu uses ~/.profile .

you can create your .bash_profile in Ubuntu but then .profile will not be read.

If we read .profile content :

cat ~/.profile

output

# ~/.profile: executed by the command interpreter for login shells.
# This file is not read by bash(1), if ~/.bash_profile or ~/.bash_login
# exists.

So use ~/.profile instead of ~/.bash_profile

If you mean the .bashrc you will find it in your home folder. If it isn't there, you can copy it from the /etc/skel folder to your home folder.

If you need some more information on this subject, please visit stefaan lippens page.

http://stefaanlippens.net/bashrc_and_others


Can I use fstab to mount ssh without pub keys and without entering a password? I regularly have to mount a path via ssh from a server I don't have root access to. Pub key authentication is disabled and I cannot enable it and they won't enable it. Pub key authentication is no option.

But anywhere I am looking this is the only discussed option. Does it mean, there is no other way to add the password to the fstab or to some user credential file?

Thanks.

You can use sshfs for remote mounting using ssh with user and password
Ubuntu-SSHFS

Install sshfs package

$ sudo apt-get install sshfs


How do I run wireshark, with root-privileges? A standard installation of Wireshark doesn't give the program permission to access the network interface.

I suppose I have to run the program with sudo, but do not know how to add it to the icon - if that's the way to do it.

For WireShark there's a better way. The bit that normally needs root is the packet collection application and this can be configured to allow certain people to use it without sudo, gksu, etc.

In a terminal (very important that you're in a terminal, not just the Alt+F2 dialogue) run this:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure wireshark-common

This will ask you if you want to allow non-root user to be able to sniff. That's what we're aiming for, so select Yes and hit return.

This adds a wireshark group. Anybody in that group will be able to sniff without being root. This is obviously more secure than just letting anybody sniff but does mean there's no password checking. Technically any person with access to a computer logged in with a wireshark account will be able to sniff. If that's acceptable to you, carry on.

If not, run that again and select no.

Then you just need to add the user to that group. Run this:

sudo adduser $USER wireshark

And restart or log out. When you're back in it should let you start sniffing without any fuss about being root.

you can try this also, open the terminal, run this command

# setcap 'CAP_NET_RAW+eip CAP_NET_ADMIN+eip' /usr/bin/dumpcap

run wireshark as a non-root user


How to make Ubuntu ISO bootable on a USB stick with OSX? I have a Macbookpro and I'm planning to create a multiple boot.
I've already created the necessary partitions and downloaded image file
(i386)

When I try to create a bootable USB stick from the ISO file, by means of "recovering" the disk image into the USB drive using Disk Image Utility, I get the following message:

  Could not validate source - corrupt image

The disk image can't be mounted in OSX either, I also get a similar message.

Is there any way to make a bootable Ubuntu USB stick from an ISO image in OSX?

Thanks

The problem you're having is that is file you downloaded is corrupted, hence, not useful.
To solve this, download Ubuntu again. Once done, try again. You can follow the Official Guide for OSX:
1: Download Ubuntu
2: Convert the ISO file
Convert the .iso file to .img using the convert option of hdiutil

hdiutil convert -format UDRW -o ~/path/to/target.img
~/path/to/ubuntu.iso

Note: OS X tends to put the .img ending on the output file automatically.
3: Determine the media to install
Run diskutil list to get the current devices. Insert your USB and the run again diskutil list. The new device its your USB.
4: Install into the USB
Unmount your device (not physically) with diskutil unmountDisk /dev/diskN where N is your USB number and execute
sudo dd if=/path/to/downloaded.img of=/dev/rdiskN bs=1m

Notes:

Using /dev/rdisk instead of /dev/disk may be faster
If you see the error dd: Invalid number '1m', you are using GNU dd. Use the same command but replace bs=1m with bs=1M
If you see the error dd: /dev/diskN: Resource busy, make sure the disk is not in use.Start the 'Disk Utility.app' and unmount (don't eject) the drive

5: Eject
Run diskutil eject /dev/diskN and remove your flash media when the command completes.
6: Boot
Restart your Mac and press alt/option key while the Mac is restarting to choose the USB stick.

It is very difficult to run ubuntu from a USB stick on a Mac. Here are some options:

Run Ubuntu from a USB stick on a PC
Install Ubuntu on a PC
Install Ubuntu on a Hard Drive on OSX.

But for booting Ubuntu on USB I have not succeeded in doing so.


Forming IPAddresses from Text file I have a huge text file that contains IP addresses scrambled all over but not in one unit

for example.

So what the@192@ heck are you doing@168@ in my house @10@.you were not @16@ supposed to be here.

What I want is to make an output file and in that make ipadresses file like following

    1.192.168.10.16
    2.192.223.22.44
    etc..

I have good understanding of regular expressions and can extract specific information from a text file but here I need to combine these that where I got confused.How should one approach problem like that? I am using Ubuntu 12.04.

The simplest approach I can think of, assuming that the numbers you want are always delimited by @ symbols, is:

$ grep -oP '@\K\d+' file | perl -pe '$. % 4 != 0 && s/\n/./;'
192.168.10.16
192.169.10.16
192.128.10.16
192.162.10.16

This does not number the lines though, so to add them do

$ grep -oP '@\K\d+' file | perl -pe '$. % 4 != 0 && s/\n/./;' | perl -pe 's/^/$.. /'
1. 192.168.10.16
2. 192.169.10.16
3. 192.128.10.16
4. 192.162.10.16

Explanation

grep -oP '@\K\d+' file : -o means "print only the matching part of the line" and -P enables Perl Compatible Regular Expressions (PCRE) for grep. This lets us use the \d to match numbers and, most importantly, the \K which means "forget whatever you matched before me". The \K lets me grep for @\K10 and only print the 10 because the @ is before the \K.
perl -pe : read the input file line by line, apply the script given by -e to each line and then print that line (-p).
'$. % 4 != 0 && s/\n/./; : % is the modulo operator, $. is the current line number of the input file. This code will substitute a newline charatcer (\n) with a . on lines that are not divisible by 4. The result is that since we are feeding it a list of numbers (the output of grep), each group of 4 numbers will be printed on the same line since the \n was converted to a ..
perl -pe 's/^/$.. /' : Just add the current line number to the beginning of each line.

Steeldriver suggested a very nice alternative:

grep -oP '@\K\d+' file | xargs -n4 printf '%d.%d.%d.%d\n' | cat -n

Which made me think of this one:

printf '%d.%d.%d.%d\n' $(grep -oP '@\K\d+' file ) | cat -n

If you like, you can do the whole thing in Perl and avoid pipes but I would use the method above. Anyway, always assuming that your numbers are surrounded by @, this will also work:

perl -ne 'push @f,(/@(\d+)@/g);
          END{
            $k=1;
            for($i=0;$i<=$#f;$i+=4){
                print "$k. " . join(".",@f[$i..($i+3)]) . "\n"; $k++}
            }' file

You can paste that directly into your terminal, just change file for the actual file name. The output looks like this:

1. 192.168.10.16
2. 192.169.10.16
3. 192.128.10.16
4. 192.162.10.16

Explanation

perl -ne : read the input file line by line (-n) and apply the script given by -e.
push @f,(/@(\d+)@/g); : Save each number surrounded by @ as an element of the @f array.
END{} : do this after you have finished processing all lines
for($i=0;$i<=$#f;$i+=4){} : iterate through the array. Since IPs have 4 sets of numbers, we read the array in jumps of four.
join(".",@f[$i..($i+3)]) : This connects the 4 elements of the array with . for printing.
The $k is just to print the numbers in front of the IPs.

There may be a fancy way to do this with terminal, but I don't know how.  Here's how I would do it using python

Copy this code into a new file, name it whatEverYouWant.py and change the line that says 'input.txt' to be 'yourFileWithIps.txt'

import re

validIpAddressRegex = "^(([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])\.){3}([0-9]|[1-9][0-9]|1[0-9]{2}|2[0-4][0-9]|25[0-5])$";

ips = []
with open('input.txt','r') as f:
    output = f.read()
    ips = re.findall(r'[0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+){3}', output)

for x in range(1, len(ips) + 1):
    print str(x) + '.' + ips[x-1]

then from terminal navigate to where you saved whatEverYouWant.py and type

python whatEverYouWant.py

and that should output what you want.

Results from my own test

cam@cam-P5E:~/Desktop$ python getips.py
1.192.168.0.1
2.255.255.255.0
3.10.0.0.1
4.192.192.192.192


Ubuntu 12.04 x86 inside vmware workstation 8 I'm trying to install ubuntu 12.04 x86 inside vmware workstation 8. However I think the process the stuck. Its just showing "Retrieving file 43 of 105" from the last 45 mins or so.
Is it normal ?

Thanks.

No, it shouldn't take that long unless your internet connection has dropped (which is hasn't because you're posting here).  So I would start over from scratch, chances are it'll work fine this time.

While installation it retrives updates from the internet... Even it download updates if you de-selects "Download updates installing installing" & Install this third part software option...

This might help you, check your internet connectivity...

Also, I am running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS in VMware Workstation 8.0.2 without any issues...

http://mytricks.in/2012/05/guide-how-to-install-ubuntu-12-04-lts-in-vmware-workstation-8.html


Starting Ubuntu on Windows 10 PC with Secure Boot Ubuntu 16.04 stopped working on a dual-boot notebook after upgrading Windows 10 to 1607 version with secure boot.

What is the easiest way to restore the dual boot?

The problem here is that ubuntu overwrites the windows boot manager when installing, so when windows upgraded it cannot boot because the windows loader is missing.

I strongly recommend you to restore the windows 10 boot, finish your upgrade(because for some reason windows requieres reboot) and then restore the grub.

You must do a very large task, so let's see

First:

Go and put your windows 10 CD/DVD and boot it if you have a USB is more faster, boot the CD/USB and click in 'repair', go to advanced options and then select command prompt.

Type this:

bootrec /fixboot
bootrec /fixmbr
exit

Second:

Reboot and then you will be able to boot windows, use rufus or burn another ubuntu live cd boot it and then for restore grub . Start a live session.

And in the terminal type.

sudo grub-install /dev/sda

It can vary the name of the disk make sure of that using lsblk before using it.

That's all

Renato is absolutely right, however if you're still able to boot Windows fine, then you do not need to first use the first step that Renato described above. Your Windows install overwrote your grub boot loader with the Windows secure boot; you can go straight to his second step.

Moreover, this may be a temporary solution, as future updates are likely to do the same thing, and Windows has been known to reinstall the boot changes (of course you can deny this depending on your update settings), sometimes really killing your boot loader. This also depends on your hardware, and effects can vary. See the linked answers below for more info on that.

My recommendation is to first to disable secure boot if you don't need it, then follow Renato's steps. The option to disable secure boot is pretty easily accessible through your bios at startup (press F1, F2, or F12 at startup before the boot loader starts running). Then you won't have to worry about this in the future either.

https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2234019
https://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=2294337


Error: version number does not start with digit i'm installing Adobe Air on Ubuntu v11.04. The installation process is successful but when I tried to install an air application, errors occurred.

Here's the usual error I've got from the .appdata/Adobe/AIR/Logs/Install.log:

[airinstall:20544][ERR] Error occurred during rpm install operation;
beginning rollback:ErrorEvent type="error" bubbles=false cancelable=false
eventPhase=2 text=" error: dpkg: error processing /tmp/FlashTmp.FbSCaL/setup.deb
(--install):; parsing file '/var/lib/dpkg/tmp.ci/control' near line 2 package
'myapp.74249ff9cb321f1d45f6ea93a89630d1be111ef2.1':; error in Version string
'V1.48.40': version number does not start with digit;
Errors were encountered while processing:; /tmp/FlashTmp.FbSCaL/setup.deb"
errorID=1]

I've followed every instructions on how to install adobe air on ubuntu with user root. As per research, this has something to do with the version policy of dpkg but I don't know how to configure dpkg to ignore versioning. How to solve this? Thanks in advance.

I have successfully installed my air app with no version number does not start with digit error. What I did was to downgrade my dpkg-1.16.0 to dpkg-1.15.8 using the following command:
 dpkg --force-downgrade -i /pathofnewdpkg/dpkg_1.15.8.4ubuntu3_i386.deb

I have downloaded the older package here.
Since the version-policy is enforced on the current version of dpkg, the dpkg-1.16.0, installing an air app that violates this versioning policy of Debian will really cause an error.

dpkg --force-bad-version -i
Will work. Just had to do that with mjpg streamer.


I have a laptop, can I use Wifi and cable (Ethernet) networking at same time? I have an intranet without connection to the Internet, and then I have WiFi with connection to the Internet.

Can I make a configuration that makes it possible to be connected to the Internet through WiFi and at the same time being connected to intranet through cable?

I'm on a laptop.

You can plug both in at the same time and be connected to both, but you can only use the Internet from one of them. The computer will prefer the cable.

So if you only have Internet access via one of them then yes you can be connected to both networks. But if both are capable of providing Internet access, then Ubuntu will prefer the cable (Ethernet) network to access the Internet (and not use the Wifi network to access the Internet).

The upside of using two connections that provide Internet access, is that if one is disconnected, you will keep on using the Internet without being affected.

I have asked a similar question on the site before, that you might find useful.

Yes. One time both internet use Lan (Ethernet) and WiFi both internet using in the same time, but one condition is that both providers are different like that Wifi is Airtel and Ethernet is Vodafone.


How can I find out my user name? How do I know my username? I've installed Ubuntu, but I don't know my username, only my password. I can't access my laptop and it can't be opened.

Open a Terminal and type whoami

This will work on every Unix/Linux System.

I tried many possible usernames and I figured it out from the username_machinename and typed just the first word which is the username.
Example: Alice_Inspiron_35_3045
So the username is "Alice".


Make VIM reload file as soon as it changes on disk I don't want to have to keep reloaded a log file manually, I want to automatically see my logs as they come in.

Apparently, VIM has this feature built in, something called autoread, but I can't get it to work in Ubuntu

I can run

sudo vi ~/.vimrc

to edit vim's config file like so:

 set number
 set autoread

The number argument works perfectly. autoread doesn't work at all.

Any ideas or hacks? I want VIM to automatically scroll the bottom of the file when a file it's viewing is updated as well.

The tail command does exactly what I want...does it a little better actually:

tail /var/logs/foo.log

That will automatically print of foo.log to the console, and, when foo.log is updated, this will be reflected in the console.

I found that autoread works, but the refresh only happens when I bring the window into focus (for my setup, moving the mouse out of the window, then back into it).


How can I extend the partition of Ubuntu when it's installed on the last partition? As can be seen in the picture

My Ubuntu is installed on /dev/sda4, which is located after the unallocated space. I neither can resize /dev/sda4, /dev/sda5 nor /dev/sda6.

Is there any way to extend my Ubuntu?

Do I have to reinstall Ubuntu on a previous partition such as /dev/sda2?

It appears that the unallocated space could be made into another partition and called sda3. If you installed ubuntu in that space it would be bigger than what you have now. You can also resize the extended partition (sda4); see How to Expand , Resize "extended partition"? . You will need to boot into a live distribution to make these changes since they affect your root partition.

You need to resize the extended partition (aka /dev/sda4) to make some room

to move the start of /dev/sda5

and then later grow/resize /dev/sda5.


Does your computer have speaker/headphone connected? If not try connecting headphone or speaker and try. I had the exact same issue, when speaker/headphone is not connected, so it could be an issue related to audio not being available.

Note: My ubuntu is running in virtualbox VM.

I also faced this problem when I upgrade from Ubuntu 16.04 to 18.04, My issue has resolved after I made a small change.

I turned off a Cross-Origin Read Blocking (CORB) extension, Cross-Origin Read Blocking (CORB) is an algorithm that can identify and block dubious cross-origin resource loads in web browsers before they reach the web page. CORB reduces the risk of leaking sensitive data by keeping it further from cross-origin web pages.

In most browsers, it keeps such data out of untrusted script execution contexts. In browsers with Site Isolation, it can keep such data out of untrusted renderer processes entirely, helping even against side-channel attacks like Spectre. This is for both Chrome as well as Firefox. And then everything looks fine.


Blank desktop after installing Ubuntu 14.04 I performed a clean install from an Ubuntu 14.04 iso disk. When I login I get a blank desktop with only the Ubuntu 14.04 logo showing in the lower left-hand corner of the screen. Nothing comes up on the screen when I right-click my mouse. I have to power off my HP PC in order to try to reboot the computer.

I have tried numerous suggestions from other threads with the same issue. I am fairly new to Ubuntu and Linux.

Sounds like your DE/WM didn't get load properly, or is hung creating your initial homedir profile settings. You may want to try creating another user, and logging in with it to see if that works. You can do so from the command line (see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/RecoveryMode) with the adduser command.

Also, check the X log to see if there is any indications at the bottom:

cat /var/log/Xorg.0.log

I had the same problem 2 months ago, after a fresh install of Ubuntu 14.04 I get a blank desktop, I fixed reinstalling the O.S.

I know that is not the best answer, but it works for me.

Thanks


Is there any Possibility to reset the partitions after installation I installed Ubuntu 16 on a 8GB pendrive (Bootable Drive) and created two partitions for Ubuntu(Ext4 - 6000MB, Swap - 2000MB). I want to resize the partitions without re-installing the Ubuntu. Is there any possibility???

If by reset you mean resize then there's a utility called gParted which can be used but it will destroy the data as any kind of change in partition table of drive will end in formatting that part of drive.

Therefore, No, there isn't any possibility.


vsftpd-cannot read config file even when file exists I'm on Ubuntu 15.04 and I just installed vsftpd.
When I run the command service vsftpd status, I get the following output:

vsftpd.service - vsftpd FTP server
  Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/vsftpd.service; enabled; vendor   preset: enabled)
Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2015-10-09 19:18:50 IST;  3min 11s ago
Process: 2981 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/vsftpd /etc/vsftpd.conf (code=exited, status=2)
Process: 2979 ExecStartPre=/bin/mkdir -p /var/run/vsftpd/empty (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
Main PID: 2981 (code=exited, status=2)

Oct 09 19:18:50 harshal-Lenovo-B40-70 systemd[1]: Starting vsftpd FTP  server...
Oct 09 19:18:50 harshal-Lenovo-B40-70 systemd[1]: Started vsftpd FTP server.
Oct 09 19:18:50 harshal-Lenovo-B40-70 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service: main process exited, code=exited, status=2/INVALIDARGUMENT
Oct 09 19:18:50 harshal-Lenovo-B40-70 systemd[1]: Unit vsftpd.service entered failed state.
Oct 09 19:18:50 harshal-Lenovo-B40-70 systemd[1]: vsftpd.service failed.

I checked /etc/vsftpd.conf, it exists and I did not find anything wrong in it. How can I solve this?

I had the same symptoms while trying to start vsftpd on an Ubuntu 16.04. In my case it was enough to comment out this line in /etc/vsftpd.conf:

listen_ipv6=YES

I don't know why i does not work with ipv6 for me, but I have no need for IP-v6 and disabling it solved the problem in my case.

You can see /etc/vsftpd.conf. This file configuration　Listen=YES,If you setting,,You use vsftpd start serivce. You can try.
I have encountered this problem, I was so resolved, I hope you can help.


How to install Edubuntu on a system with low memory (256 Mb)? I'm preparing an old system with 256 Mb RAM to send it to some children. It doesn't have Ethernet controller and there are no Internet access at the destination. I've chosen Edubuntu for obvious reasons and modified it with UCK trying to minimize memory usage just to install, let alone using it yet.

But Ubiquity won't start even in openbox (edited /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf) because there are no space left on /cow right after booting. I've already deleted things like ibus, zeitgeist, update-manager (no network access after all), twisted-core, plymouth logos.

I'm thinking about creating a swap partition on HDD, can it be later added to expand this /cow ?

This behavior is reproducible in VM limited to 256Mb RAM.

This question is moved to a follow-up below: Is there a package for the text-mode installation which is used on Alternate CDs? I don't want to re-create Edubuntu from an Alternate CD.

Follow-ups:

How to move packages from the live image to a pool on the disc?

Where is the source code for Alternate CD installer?

After all I've used Alternate CD and added all necessary packages to it:

How to move packages from the live image to a pool on the disc?

I am not sure why you would want to install any Ubuntu flavor on a machine that old. Ubuntus (Edubuntu included) are not designed for a small footprint or compatibility with older hardware. Why don't you use a lightweight distribution? Something like Arch or Gentoo or DamnSmallLinux?

Edubuntu is just a normal Ubuntu linux with certain packages installed. There is nothing that special about it. You can use any distribution and install the necessary packages. Just go through Edubuntu's included packages and choose what you want.

Also, do not use Ubiquity. I would recommend not using a Desktop Environment at all, or if you really want to, go for something simple like LXDE. Otherwise you will not have the resources to run it. Personally, I would just install a simple Window Manager and no Desktop Environment at all. Look at fluxbox, openbox, WindowMaker etc. There are many choices, this is Linux! :)

As for swap, I am not clear on what /cow is but a swap partition will not "expand" your hard drive. If anything, it will reduce your available space since you will use some of it for the swap partition. You can think of it as a kind of extra RAM (emphasis on the "kind of").
In any case, on a system with 256MB RAM you most definately will need a swap partition of at least 1.5 * RAM = 284 MB. I would recommend using more but it depends on your hard drive.


How to enhance the transparency of the Unity 3D launcher? Where is the background of the Unity (3D) launcher located? I would like to enhance the transparency of the launcher to make it fit better with light themes (such as Radiance). The actual transparency of the launcher suits only with darker themes (like Ambiance).

The file "launcher_background_middle.png" in /usr/share/unity/themes doesn't seem to affect the launcher transparency, and I haven't yet found out where the launcher background is. It should be a picture that can be edited with Gimp.

Thanks in advance for your help.

Not for the faint of heart.  You will have to compile unity from source. There is a script that does this automatically. You have to download this file.

Then open the terminal and cd to the directory you downloaded it to.

Now type ./build-unity.sh prerequisites
When finished type ./build-unity.sh clone

Now after it is done cloning, the fun can start. Browse to the directory you downloaded the build-unity.sh file and open the  unity folder.
Then open the src folder and open file launcher.cpp.

Search for this string

gPainter.Paint2DQuadColor (GfxContext, bkg_box, nux::Color(0xAA000000)

You can change the argb hex decimal to any color you want, A = alpha R = red G = green B = blue:

0xAA000000

example 0x88008800 would about equal a green plus alpha

To color the dash, open PlacesView.cpp and search for

nux::Color (0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.9f)

example nux::Color (0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f, 0.7f) which again equals  green plus alpha

now you can type ./build-unity.sh configure
and when finished type `./build-unity.sh run

Here's the results

CompizConfig Settings Manager (CSM) found in System Settings, -> Desktop -> Ubuntu Unity Plugin -> Experimental Tab -> Panel Opacity

Done


ubuntu data recovery help recently I have install  Ubuntu 13.04 removing windows 7 . before installing Ubuntu in win 7 there are 5 partition storing my  important data but after installing  Ubuntu all partition merged into single one and delete my all earlier data but I want to get back my those all data please give me useful information to help

Well, there is hope, but it will be tricky.
First, power off the computer. Never switch it on again until data is recovered. Hopefully previous data is still there, until it is overwritten. Obviously, you'll need another computer into which you'll mount your damaged HD in read-only mode. Alternatively, you'll need a new hard drive in the same computer, that you'll set as the boot drive, still mounting the damaged HD as secondary, read-only. Yet another alternative would be to boot in a live USB-stick, itself partitioned to allow some persistent data.

Now for the hardest part : you absolutely need the previous partition map. Start sector, end sector and exact size of each partition. If you wrote this down somewhere, or have an exceptional memory, you can proceed. If no, skip to "forensics" below.

So say you know the previous partition map. Just partion (e.g. with gparted) anew as it was before, format the partitions as NTFS and you may find your data exactly as it was, with the exception of some files which were overwritten while installing and running Ubuntu. It happened to me once, it was quite mesmerizing. Now, I had it easier as I had only one partition, so the previous partition map was straightforward.

Absent previous partition map, skip into forensics mode. I did that when upgrade to 13.04 proved to be the upgrade from hell for some reasons. I dont remember what tool I used. The good news is that I recovered some files. Bad news number one was that I didn't recover them all. Bad news #2 was that none of them had a name any more. I was left with a bunch of direcories named like recov_dir.153 holding files like f1393216.jpg (or whatever extension) so thereafter lots of manual hard work to figure out what is what.

Summary : hope exists, brace for hard work, expect some loss.


USB: Missing Operating System - MAC Have installed Ubuntu 11.10 on USB using Live CD. Followed the steps as provided in below link

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/MactelSupportTeam/AppleIntelInstallation

After installation is complete in Refit menu, when i click on Linux icon I receive "Missing Operating System" message. I followed the steps provided in the below link from this forum, but am still receiving the same message.

Unable to boot: Missing Operating system

Any assistance is highly appreciated.

you can try this, I've not tried it yet though..
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1908210


UID of script "/var/www/html/phpinfo.php" is smaller than min_uid My Apache works and I get the default page when I access it from a browser.
But when I created a PHP test script phpinfo.php and placed it in /var/www/html I get the following error occuring in /var/log/apache2/error.log:

SoftException in Application.cpp:350 : UID of script "/var/www/html/phpinfo.php" is smaller than min_uid

I can find nothing on the internet to resolve this!
The only suggestion that seemed relevant was to change the ownership of phpinfo.php.
The ownership of files in  /var/www/html are as follows:

drwxr-xr-x 2 www-data www-data  4096 Jan 26 09:43 ./
drwxr-xr-x 4 www-data www-data  4096 Jan 25 20:44 ../
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data 11510 Jan 25 20:45 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 www-data www-data    22 Jan 26 09:43 phpinfo.php

Please help!

Sounds like you're running suPHP judging by the error. www-data has a uid and gid of less than 500. Create a new user for that website with a uid over 500 and associated group with a gid higher than 500, and chown those files to that new user. There may be some other settings that need changing (been a little while since I've used suphp), but that's the crux of your problem - uid and gid of www-data are below 500.

Just disable the suPHP mode in apache2,
by typing this command on terminal:

sudo a2dismod suphp

If you want to enable it again:

sudo a2enmod suphp


Moving content into other directory How to move content of one directory into another directory? I want to move content from
/Downloads/kafka_2.11-1.0.1
into directory /usr/local/bin/kafka

I tried to move it using solutions found on the web but it doesnt work.

$ mv /Downloads/kafka_2.11-1.0.1/* /usr/local/bin/kafka

produces error:

mv: cannot stat ‘/Downloads/kafka_2.11-1.0.1/*’: No such file or directory

Please try

sudo mv ~/Downloads/kafka_2.11-1.0.1/* /usr/local/bin/kafka

assuming you have your Downloads folder in your home directory.
Anyway you need to run it with sudo to move it to /usr/local/bin/.

You use it incorrectly. Try mv kafva newdirectory. Or you did specify directory path incorrectly, so it cannot find /Downloads/tra-ta-ta/*

Update: Are you really have Downloads in root directory? Either path is incorrect or you dont have enough permissions, use sudo mv ...


Lenovo Bluetooth keyboard not pairing on Ubuntu 14.04 I have a brand new Lenovo Thinkpad 14.04.  I also ordered a bluetooth keyboard.  When I start the bluetooth app in Ubuntu, it quickly finds the keyboard.  When I try to pair with it, though, it generates a number for me to type on the keyboard.  I type the number, press ENTER, and yet it fails to pair.

What could be the problem here?

(Incidentally, after much gnashing of teeth, I inadvertently managed to completely wipe out the Windows 8.1 that came with the computer so it's all Ubuntu now.)

EDIT:

Hmm:  I see a lock on the Bluetooth indicator.  This sounds like it could be related.  Not sure what to do about it.  I didn't see anything about locking in the bluetooth app.  I'm a bluetooth noob, by the way.

The workaround that I am using works as follows.

1) Figure out the Bluetooth address of your keyboard. I think I used blueman to do that. The address should look like this 23:AF:61:45:E8:3C (This is just an example)

2) Run the following two commands in a terminal. Use the address you determined beforehand.

sudo hciconfig hci0 up
sudo hidd --connect 23:AF:61:45:E8:3C

That should connect your device.

3) optional. You can put those commands in a .sh file and make it executable to save you from typing them repeatedly.

This post on the RedHat bug tracker really helped me solve my problem. The basics are:

Run sudo hcidump -at
Then run bluetooth-wizard and select your keyboard
Watch the output for Passcode: xxxxxxx
Type that passcode into the keyboard and press Return.


Ubuntu on Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro Is it possible to install Ubuntu on the new Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro? I have checked the Lenovo compatibility lists on the Ubuntu site, but no new entries have been created yet for this model (released mid-October).

How to install Ubuntu on Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 2 Pro

I got a Yoga 2 pro - i5 - 8 GB ram - 256 SSD (I first have installed Ubuntu 13.10 32bit (tried 64bit too, but crashes with kernel panic!), but I guess now Ubuntu 14.04 64bit will just run fine.)

These are the steps I had to do to install Ubuntu:

1. Prepare the installation

I started Windows and resized the Windows partition so I got 100GB free.
(If needed: here you find a detailed inscruction with screenshots at the end come back here and continue with step 4)

  It comes with a small button on the side of the power button to enable
  the BIOS edit and boot sequence... When you press it, the computer
  powers up with the config menu. Then you have to edit the BIOS to
  unsecure UEFI mode.

choose "Legacy Boot"
To boot Ubuntu you have to edit the grub's boot line before the
quiet parameter, adding: acpi_backlight=vendor
(I installed from an USB-stick, created with UNetbootin. In The UNetbootin boot menu press [TAB] to edit options and add that parameter to the boot line.)
Start Ubuntu from USB (or external CD-drive) and press "Try Ubuntu"

2. Enable WiFi and install

When Ubuntu is started from USB, open a console to enable WiFi with sudo rmmod ideapad_laptop. Then connect to a WiFi Network and Install Ubuntu

3. Fix wireless card

After reboot everything was fine (no need to adjust grub any further) The only problem left was, that up to now I had to enable WiFi after each system start with

sudo rmmod ideapad_laptop
sudo service network-manager restart

so I added that to the modprobe blacklist with:

sudo su
echo '#added to enable WiFi on Yoga 2 Pro'>>/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
echo 'blacklist ideapad_laptop'>>/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf

4. Enlarge Fonts

Now in Ubuntu In 14.04 with Unity everything works fine. Also, it seems like Ubuntu is adopted better to touch-screens. I only had to adapt the Screen DPI in System Settings->"Displays"->"Scale for menu and title bars" to 2.0
 + Settings Screenshot
If you use Pidgin, see how to Adapt Ubuntu to a high-DPI resolution screen

5. Adjust Firefox to the high resolution touchscreen

Follow the instructions here:
Adjust Firefox and Thunderbird to a High DPI touchscreen display (retina)

(There is no such thing as zoom with two fingers, but a simple thing already works: You can select active and move the window around with a three finger touch)

Alternative: use Chrome. I tested it in Chrome Version 41.0.2272.76 Ubuntu 14.10: there the touchscreen works fine as expected even pinch to zoom works fine and all menues are the correct size.

6. Adjust the trackpad on Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro

Now adjust the jumpy trackpad and lack of middle button
Edit the file /usr/share/X11/xorg.conf.d/50-synaptics.conf and edit the "touchpad catchall" section, so it will look like this:

Section "InputClass"
    Identifier "touchpad catchall"
    Driver "synaptics"
    MatchIsTouchpad "on"
    # This option is recommend on all Linux systems using evdev, but cannot be
    # enabled by default. See the following link for details:
    # http://who-t.blogspot.com/2010/11/how-to-ignore-configuration-errors.html
    MatchDevicePath "/dev/input/event*"

    Option "FingerLow"              "46"
    Option "FingerHigh"             "46"
    Option "ClickFinger1"           "1"
    Option "ClickFinger2"           "2"
    Option "ClickFinger3"           "3"
    Option "TapButton1"             "1"
    Option "TapButton2"             "3"
    Option "TapButton3"             "2"
    Option "AreaBottomEdge"         "85%"
    Option "SoftButtonAreas"        "60% 0 85% 0 40% 60% 85% 0" # Btn2 LRTB - Btn3 LRTB
    Option "EmulateMidButtonTime"   "75"
EndSection

(source: http://memobadz.wordpress.com/2014/02/16/lenovo-yoga-pro-2-on-ubuntu/ )

7. Add Screen rotation support on Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga

Since the Screen doesn't turn when you turn the laptop, create the script /usr/local/bin/rotate-screen.sh
from rotate-screen.sh

in System Settings -> Keyboard -> Shortcuts:

Assigned Alt+F5 to the command /usr/local/bin/rotate-screen.sh
and Alt+Shift+F5 /usr/local/bin/rotate-screen.sh -n

To be able to manually turn the screen from the launcher add a .desktop-file  like described here

Note: there was a problem that seems to be solved by the newer kernel by now Lenovo Yoga 2 Ubuntu 14.04 occasionanal blank screen

8. configure larger font on tty console

sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-setup

leave all settings as they are but the last one, where you can chose the size.

9. Optional: Enable some extra power save settings

If you want to dim the screen brightness to 50% on each startup:

 sudo apt-get install xbacklight

Then add this command to your startup programs (gnome-session-properties): xbacklight -set 50

To enable all possible Power save settings, install powertop:

apt-get install powertop

Edit your rc.local startup-script with sudo gedit /etc/rc.local so the end part looks like this:

# By default this script does nothing.

#####################################################
# tune all power save settings to >good<
powertop --auto-tune
# all power save settings are fine but the one for the touchpad
# disable powertop >good<-setting for touchpad
echo 'on' > '/sys/bus/usb/devices/2-7/power/control'

#####################################################
# optional disable bluetooth and wifi on each start
# this can always be re-enabled in the top appletts if you need it

# disable bluetooth at start:  (uncomment the following line)
#rfkill block bluetooth

# disable wifi at start: (uncomment both following lines)
#sed s/^WirelessEnabled=true/WirelessEnabled=false/ -i /var/lib/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.state
#rfkill block wifi

exit 0

This is just a suggestion, there might show up some problems with WiFi, using the powersave function set by powertop: sometimes my wirelesss card stopped working, so I disabled the option powertop --auto-tune in rc.local for now and disabled the 11n extension with the following:

sudo su
echo "options iwlwifi 11n_disable=1" >> /etc/modprobe.d/iwlwifi.conf

(You need to reboot after those changes)

But I am still investigating this...

10. more Optional Configurations:

Since the battery time is several days in suspend mode, you could set the power-button option to 'suspend' with gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.power button-power 'suspend'
The resolution in grub is really tiny and therefore somewhat slow, this can be solved by making your Grub boot menu pretty
On Ubuntu 15.10 you need some more to disable bluetooth at startup

11. Additional useful Hardware for Lenovo IdeaPad Yoga 2 Pro:

I got a "HooToo HT-UE01 USB 3.0 HUB 3-Port with RJ45 10/100/1000 Gigabit Ethernet LAN" that works fine (tested on Ubuntu 32bit) on my Yoga 2 Pro

12. Only problems left:

External 4k Monitor on Lenovo Yoga 2 Pro

Lenovo generally works fine, so go ahead and give it a try.
I assume you're asking this before you buy it. If so, you'll probably be able to return it within a few weeks if it doesn't work.

So go ahead. The only thing you might have problems with is UEFI secure boot.


How to select a file or directory and drag it while scrolling rapidly? I am using Gnome-desktop in Ubuntu 19.10, but I had similar experiences with 18.04, 18.10, and 19.04.

Sometimes I want to select some files in a window (i.e. in a Files/Natilus window), and move them to a sub-directory. There are sometimes many other files in the same directory as those I am selecting, and the sub-directory might be, for example, at the end of the list of files.

How can I scroll down the list of files while dragging my selection? The two-finger swipe on my touchpad, which would scroll for me with nothing selected, does not work.

If I hover the tip of the pointer near the top or bottom edge of the window while files are selected, I can scroll through the list, but this is very slow. Is there any way to do this with a touchpad gesture which provides a rapid scrolling through the files?

Drag it just bellow the toolbar and it will start scrolling.

The closer you are to the toolbar - faster it scrolls.


Gnome broken splash screen I installed Ubuntu 13.04 today with gnome(First Ubuntu 13.04, then apt-get install gnome-shell). After this my boot screen is broken, you can see this here:

This happened at Ubuntu 12.04 and Ubuntu 12.10 after installing gnome-shell(For gnome 3 desktop environment), too, at shutdown and start.
How can I fix this?
Additional information about graphic card and driver:

Name: GeForce GTX 560 Ti
Driver: 310.44

I had the exact same problem and found a working solution (for me). Original information from this blog: http://jechem.blogspot.be/2011/04/fix-plymouth-splash-screen-in-ubuntu-on.html

First install hwinfo by running the following command:

sudo apt-get install v86d hwinfo

After the installation run the following command and note down the highest resolution:

sudo hwinfo --framebuffer

For me this was Mode 0x0361: 1280x800 (+5120), 24 bits, next edit the following file:

gksu gedit /etc/default/grub

This will open the GRUB config file, we now look for GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" and change it with the following, change your resolution with mine and also add the color depth (for me 24 could be 16 or 32).

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash nomodeset video=uvesafb:mode_option=1280x800-24,mtrr=3,scroll=ywrap"

Then find the following line (uncomment if needed) and change your resolution again, note that you don't include the color depth:

GRUB_GFXMODE=1280x800

Save and exit, next edit the following file:

gksu gedit /etc/initramfs-tools/modules

Scroll to the end of the file and add the following line, again add your resolution and the colordepth like you did before:

uvesafb mode_option=1280x800-24 mtrr=3 scroll=ywrap

Then in the terminal type the following commands and then reboot:

echo FRAMEBUFFER=y | sudo tee /etc/initramfs-tools/conf.d/splash
sudo update-grub
sudo update-initramfs -u

For me this fixed the problem, I tried all the other suggestions and scripts, none of them worked but this does, good luck!

See: http://www.webupd8.org/2010/10/script-to-fix-ubuntu-plymouth-for.html

It's an old fix, but still relevant. Same problem in Mint 14


Gnome-Shell behavior in Ubuntu 14.04 is off after installing and then removing Pantheon I've been using Ubuntu 14.04.1 with Gnome-Shell for a few weeks now and I decided to toy around with pantheon using this guide.

I decided it wasn't for me and I removed pantheon via purge. I also cleared all repositories from    /etc/apt/sources.list.d

After removing Pantheon I came across a few things that didn't work like they used to:

1: Windows/Super Key does not open the overlay anymore. I cannot set this back in key-bindings.

2: Desktop background/appearances no longer works. Right clicking the desktop and selecting 'change desktop background' simply opens the gnome-control-center, where the 'background/appearance' option does not exist. Similarly, there is a 'background' option in the overlay of all my installed applications, however, it does the same as the desktop right-click option.

3: Same as #2 but for backups.

4: Now for some reason, I cannot install the 'places indicator applet' from extensions.gnome.org.

Things I have tried:

Completely remove gnome-shell and all configs and re-installing.

Reverted GTK from 3.12 (needed for Pantheon) back to 3.10(ubuntu stock).

Setting XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=GNOME to ensure it wasn't assuming pantheon was the default desktop for some reason.

I have attached a screenshot showing the overlay with the 'background' and 'backups' options available (circled in red). In the bottom-right corner is a screenshot of what my gnome-control-center menu actually has for options. Notice that 'background' and 'backups' are missing.

Additionally, since I don't feel it deserves a separate question and it isn't the main point of my question here. Does anyone know how to get a bluetooth indicator applet in the panel at the top of the screen? Seriously, that'd be great.

The Application list for Gnomes Overlay is the same as for it's menu You can find the shortcuts in /usr/share/applications/

Just copy one file. Python3.3 for example and fit it to your needs. Save it with a new name and sudo rights and your application will be back.

Just had to install blueman like this:

sudo apt-get install blueman

Got it solved, bluetooth icon is now back in the unity top bar.


How to install Radeon Open Source Driver? I have an MSI Radeon HD 7850 card. MSI provide no Linux support, and the AMD driver gives me an Unsupported Hardware watermark that does not show up in screenshots.

I uninstalled the proprietary driver and found that Unity 3D no longer works, and I really only picked Ubuntu because of the excellent shortcuts provided in the recent versions.

Trying to locate the open source driver has been a pain for me. According to the documentation I have read it is pre-included in Ubuntu 12.04, yet there is no Unity 3D support. I tried using the newest drivers from AMD's website, but that also had the watermark.

Does anyone know how I can get the open source driver? If not, does anyone know how to remove the watermark. I'm on the verge of going back to Windows.

Removing the watermark is very simple with a bit of cut and paste, then a command:

How to remove the “AMD Testing use only” watermark?

If you did want to use the open source drivers (which are not as feature complete) you just need to remove the fglrx driver:

sudo apt-get remove fglrx*

then ensure the open source one is installed. It should then be picked up:

sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-ati

The problem with the HD 7000 series is that support for it in the open source driver only arrived around Christmas, so unless you are running the xorg-edgers PPA you would be better off with just removing the watermark for now.

Just game on Windows if you have a Radeon card because they give no real support on the Linux platform.. and if you really want it badly there's some one hour protocol which you can find here: https://linuxconfig.org/how-to-install-the-latest-amd-radeon-drivers-on-ubuntu-18-04-bionic-beaver-linux

If you still want to live after being through this (and by miracle if the driver is properly installed) then congratulations.

With my ageing nvidia 960, the updates process is about one click on the software center panel and it's good to go.

I guess this is why most people prefer not to knock-off their head and choose windows over this.


How do I easily rename multiple files using command line? One of the ways I quickly rename files in Windows is

F2 > Rename > Tab (to next file) > Rename ...

But in Ubuntu/Nautilus, I can't tab to next file. But being on Linux, I think there must be a command line alternative.

However, sometimes, I may want more control over how to rename specific files. In that case, perhaps its better to be able to tab to the next file

I use rename all the time.  It is pretty simple, but hopefully you know basic regex:

rename "s/SEARCH/REPLACE/g"  *

This will replace the string SEARCH with REPLACE in every file (that is, *).  The /g means global, so if you had a SEARCH_SEARCH.jpg, it would be renamed REPLACE_REPLACE.jpg. If you didn't have /g, it would have only done substitution once, and thus now named REPLACE_SEARCH.jpg.  If you want case-insensitive, add /i (that would be, /gi or /ig at the end).

With regular expressions, you can do lots more.

Note that this rename is the prename (aka Perl rename) command, which supports complete Perl regular expressions. There is another rename which uses patterns, and is not as powerful. prename used to be installed by default on Ubuntu (along with Perl), but now you may have to do:

sudo apt install rename

Here are a few examples:

Prefix

Add:

rename 's/^/MyPrefix_/' *

document.pdf renamed to MyPrefix_document.pdf

Remove:

Also you can remove unwanted strings.  Let's say you had 20 MP3 files named like CD RIP 01 Song.mp3 and you wanted to remove the "CD RIP" part, and you wanted to remove that from all of them with one command.

rename 's/^CD RIP //' *

CD RIP 01 Song.mp3 to 01 Song.mp3

Notice the extra space in '^CD RIP ', without the space all files would have a space as the first character of the file.  Also note, this will work without the ^ character, but would match CD RIP  in any part of the filename.  The ^ guarantees it only removes the characters if they are the beginning of the file.

Suffix

Add:

rename 's/$/_MySuffix/' *

document.pdf renamed to document.pdf_MySuffix

Change:

rename 's/\.pdf$/.doc/' *

will change Something.pdf into Something.doc. (The reason for the backslash is, . is a wildcard character in regexp so .pdf matches qPDF whereas \.pdf only matches the exact string .pdf. Also very important to note, if you are not familiar with BASH, you must put backslashes in SINGLE quotes!  You may not omit quotes or use double quotes, or bash will try to translate them.  To bash \. and "\." equals .. (But double-quotes and backslashes are used, for example "\n" for a newline, but since "\." isn't a valid back escape sequence, it translates into .)

Actually, you can even enclose the parts of the string in quotes instead of the whole: 's/Search/Replace/g' is the same as s/'Search'/'Replace'/g and s/Search/Replace/g to BASH. You just have to be careful about special characters (and spaces).

I suggest using the -n option when you are not positive you have the correct regular expressions. It shows what would be renamed, then exits without doing it. For example:

rename -n s/'One'/'Two'/g *

This will list all changes it would have made, had you not put the -n flag there.  If it looks good, press Up to go back, then erase the -n and press Enter (or replace it with -v to output all changes it makes).

Note: Ubuntu versions above 17.04 don't ship with rename by default, however it's still available in the repositories. Use sudo apt install rename to install it

I'm using krename. It is a GUI app. It could read mp3 tags and so on.

It exists as a separate app as well as a part of Krusader.

There's also a rename script - which is a part of standard perl installation (You probably have it installed). Check it out with man rename.


Graphics driver for Intel 3150? Hello everyone can anyone give me a link to the Ubuntu driver of graphics card designed for Intel 3150?
And is there software which provides a substitute Ubuntu Store Windus content of the file download idm
If so what the name of the software?

I believe Intel graphics drivers shipped with Ubuntu include support for Intel GMA 3150 - the support has been included in early 2010 or so. So there's no need to download anything from anywhere.

Try this: http://downloadcenter.intel.com/SearchResult.aspx?lang=eng&ProductFamily=Graphics&ProductLine=Netbook+and+Tablet+Graphics&ProductProduct=Intel%c2%ae+Graphics+Media+Accelerator+3150+%28Intel%c2%ae+GMA+3150%29

I hope its what you are looking for.


How do I hide Thunderbird from the launcher while running? I have a question for you all.

It's possible to "hide" thunderbird from the unity application bar when thunderbird is running?

For my is unhelpfull see thunderbird on the "mail" tray ( near shutdown button) and the unity "running" application.

If i close thunder with the close button, it don't notify me new email.

You can use the plug in called "Minimize to Tray" in Thunderbird to achieve that. Once installed Press F9 to minimize Thunderbird to the system tray. You will keep on receiving the Emails when it is minimized.

This works perfectly fine when you click the mail icon in the system tray.

I hope this will be helpful.

you should check out popper, it autostarts at login,it will notify you when you have any new mail, even set custom sounds to notify you (or none) its great, it says when you have mail, then you open thunderbird to read 'em

check it out here

http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2010/09/email-notification-in-ubuntu-popper/


How to change screenshot application to Flameshot on Ubuntu 18.04? I needed to highlight some text in my screenshots and I did not know how to do it with the default screenshot app.
Flameshot is a solution. I installed it.
How can I replace the PrtScr shortcut-key so that it launches Flameshot?

If you need or want to replace the PrtScr shortcut do the following:

Release the PrtScr binding by this command

gsettings set org.gnome.settings-daemon.plugins.media-keys screenshot '[]'

Go to Settings -> Devices -> Keyboard and scroll to the end. Press + and you will create custom shortcut.
Enter name: "flameshot", command: /usr/bin/flameshot gui.
Set shortcut to PrtScr (print).

That is it. Next time you push PrtScr flameshot will be launched.

Source: Posted in the question by OP which should have been posted as an answer instead.

Working in Kubunto 20.10 :
Go to "System Settings" SystemSettings

"Shortcuts" > "Global shortcuts" Settings_shotcut > click "Add Aplication" button ( you can type "flameshot" on the search box ) addAplication> "OK"

After add the application, you should see a tab with "Take screenshot" description.
link PrtScr key to shortcut
click on it , and push on your keyboard "PrtScr" to set the shortcut.
Enjoy :)


how to auto-answer apt-get upgrade? When I run apt-get --yes upgrade in a script it sometimes stops and prompts for input.

Today in 14.04 LTS it is prompting for what to do for grub/menu.lst.   I don't know what could be asked for in a future upgrade.

I tried running this with a newline piped in.  I also tried just a carriage return.  neither worked (seems like the input was lost). I did not find a suitable option in apt-get such as --no-prompts.

I tried the answer here but it still gives me a menu prompt asking what config choice I want.

Any idea how to bypass this prompt?

You can try with the Yes command:

yes | sudo apt-get --assume-yes upgrade

i ended up doing apt-mark hold grub-legacy-ec2 ... the package that was triggering the problem to keep it from updating ... as suggested in a link found here: Blacklisting grub packages from installing


How do I package my application for the Ubuntu Software Centre? I'm an old hand at software development, but not so experienced with packaging.  I've built one dpkg before, but it wasn't a source package.

I'm working on getting an application submitted to the Ubuntu app store.  The documentation on packaging is a bit on the vague side, saying not much more than that it needs to be packaged in the "Debian source package format":

http://developer.ubuntu.com/publish/my-apps-packages/

I'm sure I could muddle through putting a Debian source package tarball together, but there are a few things I wonder about:

How is the 32-vs-64 bit thing handled?  Do they take source and build apps from both?
How is supporting different versions of Ubuntu handled -- 10.04, 10.10, 11.04, 11.10, etc?
How are dependencies handled.  If, for instance, my app depends on SDL, how do I specify that?
If I don't want to distribute source code for my application (which is a proprietary license), is there a clean way to indicate that source shouldn't go with the app?
If I'm not using autoconf/automake, does my Makefile need to be set up in a particular way, or are the autotools required?

I imagine that the Ubuntu folks probably take the source and build it for each of the different platforms and architectures that they support buying apps for, but since there's no apparent way in the submit process to indicate what the app runs with (i.e. requires GTK3 and 64-bit support, or Intel-only with no ARM support), I can only hope that stuff can be specified in the source format.

Is there any good, thorough documentation specifically on source package creation you can point me to?

On the page you link to it says:

  Canonical provides this packaging service to you free of charge.

and goes on to explain how to lay out the tarball containing your binaries.

If you create such a tarball and submit it via MyApps then all the packaging will be done for you. As it says at the bottom you can provide a source package if you like, but it's not required. Note that this is specific to closed-source or for-pay apps, anything that is libre and gratis has a different process currently.

As for your other questions:

  How is the 32-vs-64 bit thing handled?

You can just upload 32-bit if you like as that works on 64-bit too. If you want to upload 32-bit and 64-bit then build it twice and put the results in "i386" and "amd64" subdirectories.

  How is supporting different versions of Ubuntu handled -- 10.04, 10.10, 11.04, 11.10, etc?

You can specify which versions of Ubuntu your uploaded binaries work for as part of the submission process.

  How are dependencies handled. If, for instance, my app depends on SDL, how do I specify that?

That will be added as part of the packaging process. If you want to add a comment specifying the dependencies then it will likely speed things up.

  If I don't want to distribute source code for my application (which is a proprietary license), is there a clean way to indicate that source shouldn't go with the app?

As stated you don't have to provide the source at all.

  If I'm not using autoconf/automake, does my Makefile need to be set up in a particular way, or are the autotools required?

Any build system supported in Ubuntu is allowed. If you are using plain Makefiles then that's fine. However, if you're only uploading binaries that's not an issue.

It is best to start by learning to use the ppa

https://help.launchpad.net/Packaging/PPA

When you upload a source, the packages (arch) are build for you.

You can also look at

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/MOTU/GettingStarted

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PackagingGuide/Complete


How can I avoid kernel updates? I want to freeze the kernel-version of Kubuntu 14.04.1 LTS Trusty. Is it enough to comment line 5 and 6 of the /etc/apt/source.list (see below)?

4 ...
5 deb http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
6 deb-src http://de.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted
7 ...

Here is the check which kernel is in use (the one with an “i” in front):

root:~# aptitude search linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic
i A linux-headers-generic                               - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-quantal                   - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-raring                    - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-saucy                     - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-trusty                    - Generische Linux-Kernel-Header
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-utopic                    - Generic Linux kernel headers
p   linux-headers-generic-lts-vivid                     - Generic Linux kernel headers
p   linux-headers-generic-pae                           - Übergangspaket
i A linux-image-generic                                 - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p   linux-image-generic-lts-quantal                     - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p   linux-image-generic-lts-raring                      - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p   linux-image-generic-lts-saucy                       - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p   linux-image-generic-lts-trusty                      - Generisches Linux-Kernel-Abbild
p   linux-image-generic-lts-utopic                      - Generic Linux kernel image
p   linux-image-generic-lts-vivid                       - Generic Linux kernel image
p   linux-image-generic-pae                             - Übergangspaket

These lines are irrelevant to kernel upgrades. And also that is not good to comment them. You will not be able to install some packages if you do it.

You can freeze any package including kernel packages by

sudo apt-mark hold <package_name>

for example

sudo apt-mark hold linux-image-generic linux-headers-generic

But you need to check which kernel meta-package is installed for LTS versions. It may be linux-generic-lts-utopic, etc.

If you always update using apt-get upgrade you will not get kernel updates since they will be "kept back". You would need to run apt-get dist-upgrade to get kernel upgrades, as well as other system essential upgrades.

The real good answer would probably be to hold those packages so that you can get other system-essential upgrades, but this upgrade vs dist-upgrade information can be useful sometimes.


Print sub-folder name and content of result.txt to .csv I have a folder which has multiple sub-folders and sub sub folders. I want to print the content of a file called result.txt which is present in many sub folders or sub sub folders into a csv file along with the name of the sub-folder.

That means if the files named result.txt are in

abc/def/result.txt
efg/result.txt

Then I need a csv file which should have

1. abc   content of its result.txt
2. efg    content of its result.txt

and so on.

I started with the following find command

find . -iname 'result.txt' "a portion of path" "content">final.csv

How should I proceed from here ?

Note: (8th December, 2017) Although the below solutions display the content properly on the terminal , none of them work when I add >final.csv. As already mentioned, my result.txt has mutilines. The content of a particular result.txt gets spilled to different cells rather than being in a single cell. Any suggestions ?

I think find is the right choice:

find */ -name "result.txt" -exec bash -c 'printf "%s,%s\n" "${0%%/*}" "$(cat $0)"' {} \;

Example run

$ echo r1 >a/b/result.txt
$ echo r2 >c/result.txt
$ tree
.
├── a
│   └── b
│       └── result.txt
└── c
    └── result.txt
$ find */ -name "result.txt" -exec bash -c 'printf "%s,%s\n" "${0%%/*}" "$(cat $0)"' {} \;
a,r1
c,r2

Explanations

This find command searches every file in or under the current directory of the name result.txt and executes the printf command in  a bash subshell. The printf command prints the subdir's name, a comma and the file content followed by a \newline. If you want to write this output to a file, just append e.g. >final.csv to the command.

Even simpler

is the -printf approach suggested by steeldriver:

$ find */ -name 'result.txt' -printf '%H,' -exec cat {} \;
a/,r1
c/,r2

This prints an additional slash in the first column which you can easily remove by piping the output through e.g. sed 's|/,|,|'.

Merging multiline result.txt content into one cell

To replace newline characters with e.g. spaces just replace cat with sed ":a;N;\$!ba;s/\n/ /g" in one of the above commands, e.g.

$ find */ -name "result.txt" -exec bash -c 'printf "%s,%s\n" "${0%%/*}" "$(sed ":a;N;\$!ba;s/\n/ /g" $0)"' {} \;
a,r1 r1
c,r2

If you want some other string as the delimiter replace the / / part with /your_delimiter/, but keep the slashes.

I don't know exactly how to do it with just terminal commands, but I have done similar thing using python script from this thread:

https://stackoverflow.com/questions/37644441/python-run-script-in-all-subdirectories

With this you can easily add funcionality to write lines to CSV file:

https://docs.python.org/2/library/csv.html for Python 2

https://docs.python.org/3/library/csv.html for Python 3


Screen is black after closing the lid. Still black after reboot Computer: Samsung N150, OS: Lubuntu 14.04, dual boot with windows 7

I am a non-experienced user. I got a black screen after closing the lid, and restarting the computer from the on/off button does NOT work. I get the same black unresponsive screen, although the hard drive is running.

I have tried:

Plugging in a different monitor
Some keyboard combinations
Booting from the USB drive I used when installing Lubuntu

Nothing has worked.

EDIT: called an expert, the graphic card was fried, bought a new computer

Could the computer boot from a CD like Super Grub Disc 2 if it was unable to boot from an USB?

I am a non-experienced user too, but this sounds weird. Can it happen? Can you enter the BIOS after switching the computer on? I mean if you are sure that you reach to switch the computer off. Have you tried pressing and holding the on/off button for several seconds in order to force the shut down?

I am sorry in case my bad English sounds rude.

I am using a dell d430 with ubuntu 14.04.  I was having this problem as well.  After some tinkering I found a simple solution for the Dell computer and there should be a similar solution with other laptops as  well.  When I get the black screen after suspend I use the special function key (the key with the Blue Fn on it) and the f7 on the dell this has a blue picture of a monitor on it.  press and hold the fn key and hit the monitor key (f7 in the case of the Dell) and the screen comes back on.  No need to edit scripts or anything else. Hope this helps.


Windows7 machine cannot access Linux share folders via Samba, help please I have a linux and a windows 7 machine connected via samba. My linux machine is able to gain access to the folders on the windows 7 machine via the browse network tab in file manager but the windows 7 machine is not able to see the linux machine via windows explorer. I have a vast knowledge of windows but am relatively new to linux so i apologize if i seem noobish. I am able to ping the windows ip and vice versa. again i apologize for seeming noobish. i hope i am presenting the valid information, any help would be greatly appreciated. thank you

Solutions i have tried so far:

using the run dialogue box from windows to access using ip

  \\ip-of-linux-machine

using the run dialogue box from windows to access using pc name

  \\pc-name

here is a copy of my smb.conf settings

  [global]

  workgroup = WORKGROUP

  server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

  ;   wins server = w.x.y.z

  dns proxy = no

  ;   name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast

  ;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

  ;   bind interfaces only = yes

  log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

  max log size = 1000

  syslog = 0

  panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d

  encrypt passwords = true

  passdb backend = tdbsam

  obey pam restrictions = yes

  unix password sync = yes

  passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = Enter\snew\s\spassword:* %n\n Retype\snew\s\spassword:* >%n\n password\supdated\ssuccessfully .

  pam password change = yes

  map to guest = bad user

  ;   domain logons = yes
  ;   logon path = \%N\profiles\%U

  ;   logon drive = H:

  ;   logon script = logon.cmd

  ; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" >%u

  ; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

  ; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

  ;   printing = bsd
  ;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

  ;   printing = cups
  ;   printcap name = cups

  ;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

  ;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

  ;   idmap uid = 10000-20000
  ;   idmap gid = 10000-20000
  ;   template shell = /bin/bash

  ;   winbind enum groups = yes
  ;   winbind enum users = yes

  ;   usershare max shares = 100

  usershare allow guests = yes

  ;[homes]
  ;   comment = Home Directories
  ;   browseable = no

  ;   read only = yes

  ;   create mask = 0700

  ;   directory mask = 0700

  ;   valid users = %S

  ;[netlogon]
  ;   comment = Network Logon Service
  ;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
  ;   guest ok = yes
  ;   read only = yes

  ;[profiles]
  ;   comment = Users profiles
  ;   path = /home/samba/profiles
  ;   guest ok = no
  ;   browseable = no
  ;   create mask = 0600
  ;   directory mask = 0700

  [printers]
    comment = All Printers
    browseable = no
    path = /var/spool/samba
    printable = yes
    guest ok = no
    read only = yes
    create mask = 0700

  [print$]
    comment = Printer Drivers
    path = /var/lib/samba/printers
    browseable = yes
    read only = yes
    guest ok = no
  ;   write list = root, @lpadmin

  ;[cdrom]
  ;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
  ;   read only = yes
  ;   locking = no
  ;   path = /cdrom
  ;   guest ok = yes

  ;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
  ;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

After breaking my head for a long time, it was the firewall.
Try (you or whoever sees this ticket) to disable firewall and check if it is working:
sudo ufw disable

I don't see any custom shares specified in your configuration file. But if you are new to the OS, I would suggest for you to install a graphical samba shares manager, this way, you can create your shares via GUI, and later inspect your smb.conf file to understand them.

To install the above mentioned GUI on Ubuntu:

Make sure your repositories are up to date:

$sudo apt-get update

Install Samba GUI:

$sudo apt-get install system-config-samba

Search for "samba" on your application launcher

After starting this application, it will be much easier to setup your shares and browse them from a Windows client, same method you where using before.


Will a Ruby installation installed by a package manager conflict with one installed with RVM? I installed the Heroku Toolbelt the other day, and it looks like Ruby was a requirement, so the package manager installed it for me. But I was planning to install Ruby through RVM. Will the two Rubys conflict?

RVM allows you to install multiple versions of rubies and manage switching between them without the risk of conflicts between them.

To use any rvm build ruby:

rvm use 1.9.3

For getting back to system installed ruby:

rvm use system

This is equivalent to rvm reset which means - stop using any rvm installed ruby.

You can also tell rvm to "mount" system ruby, which will allow you creating gemsets with it:

rvm automount # OR:
rvm mount /path/to/ruby

Whenever you install something outside of your package manager (apt) there is the potential for problems. The most common problem would be overwriting a system library used by other applications causing conflicts or breakage. Alternately , libs used by Ruby could be over written when you update a program via apt-get.

There is a nice discussion on the advantages / disadvantages of a package manager here:

https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Package_management_system

In general, use apt (apt-get) if at all possible. If there is a problem with the package in Ubuntu, report a bug, use a ppa, etc.

If all else fails, I advise you compile from source manually and watch for conflicts.


How to fix dual-boot installation of Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Win7? I tried to install Ubuntu 14.04 alongside Windows 7 Ultimate and completely messed up. I downloaded the file and burned a CD. Got confused with the partitioning because I wanted to install it in my Drive D once my drive C is a Corsair Force GT ATA Device, 120Gb and has only 39GB free. The Drive D is 2TB and is completely empty. I had created 2 partitions in the Drive D both 500Gb big and the remaining 800Gb were not partitioned. After the installation I got a 19Gb partition that seems to be equally empty. I cannot at all see where Ubuntu is installed because I cannot identify any file. If I boot from the installation CD, it says that Ubuntu 14.04 is already installed - but Where?
I ordered a new CD from Canonical. Does it contain an uninstall program? Is it actually possible to install in a second disk (Drive D)? If so Can I make the second disk bootable so that I can start it from BIOS without touching Windows? The computer is high-end and very powerful. Thanks.

1) Most probably you have installed Ubuntu just fine, and it's on your 2nd disk's 1st partition, but your BIOS settings make your computer boot from the 1st disk, where Windows is installed, and you naturally can't see the contents of your Ubuntu partition there (Windows can't see Ubuntu, but Ubuntu can see Windows ;-)

2) This setup is actually very good for your purposes, as you can now change the BIOS Boot Settings and give your second disk (where Ubuntu is installed) first priority, and choose Ubuntu or Windows every time you boot your computer, or revert back to the previous BIOS boot priority to boot directly to Windows when you want it, and so on.

You need to press a key like F2, F10, F12 or Esc (which varies with different computer brands and models) at the black screen that appears immediately after pressing the power button to enter into BIOS Boot Priority Settings menu.

Windows7 use NTFS Filesystem but Ubuntu use Ext4 Filesystem, and you can mount NTFS in Ubuntu, but win7 can't recongnise Ext4,that all


How to fix "Could not open lock file" because "Permission denied"? Whenever trying to install any software and update manger,

I get an error stating

Package operation failed
The installation or removal of a software package failed

When I run sudo apt-get update I got this result:

conan51xd@conan51xd-Lenovo-B470:~$ sudo apt-get -f install
[sudo] password for conan51xd:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
conan51xd@conan51xd-Lenovo-B470:~$ apt-get update
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/apt/lists/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock directory /var/lib/apt/lists/
E: Could not open lock file /var/lib/dpkg/lock - open (13: Permission denied)
E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are you root?

E: Unable to lock the administration directory (/var/lib/dpkg/), are
  you root?

This line says you are not authorized to install/update. You need to be root to do it....

You can add sudo before apt-get or you can do sudo -s to be root.

Example: sudo apt-get update

  or

sudo -s will consider you as root until you close your terminal.

Then

apt-get update

Run this command:
sudo mv /var/lib/apt/lists{,july12}

sudo apt-get update
Then sudo apt-get upgrade


Duplex printing not available. Epson artisan 720 unable to access duplex printing in ubuntu 16.04 (selection box grayed out). Worked OK in 14.04

intrigued you could do duplex on an Epson; in 14.04

I had got the impression that the drivers Epson issued for linux didn't enable duplex: we have a model of the XP and whilst it does duplex in windows I understand, it won't on linux

but I see the turboprint offer duplex http://www.zedonet.com/en_p_turboprint_driver.phtml?printer=Epson_StylusArtisan725

you can get turboprint from here http://www.turboprint.info/download.html
the free version is limited; they ask for a contribution to the full version


Will there be a clean upgrade path from 10.10 to 11.04? Will there be a straight upgrade path from 10.10 to 11.04 (Gnome to Unity), and will there be measures put in place to ensure that Gnome is properly "cleaned" out on the way?

Unity is simply a new shell for Gnome and will probably be installed as part of the current ubuntu-desktop metapackage. This means that upon upgrading to Ubuntu 11.04 Unity will be installed by default with the upgrade.

I am assuming that Gnome 2 is planned to be installed as well, so users both upgrading and freshly installing will get both, just Unity by default.

I believe that the statement was that "Unity will be the default UI for clean installs on hardware that will give a satisfactory performance" (or something like that), so that suggests that if you do an in-place upgrade, you will stick with stock GNOME


Proxy settings not working I just installed Ubuntu 11.10 with Wubi and I am currently on a campus that requires the usage of a proxy server. I went into System Settings/Network/Proxy Settings. Didn't work. I manually set the proxy in Firefox and I do have access to the internet; however, I cannot add apps or update Ubuntu. How can I fix it? Thanks

On my fresh install of Ubuntu 11.10 64bits, this worked for command line with apt and Ubuntu Software Center.

Create the file /etc/apt/apt.conf and put this line with your proxy settings :

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://login:password@yourproxyaddress:port";

example :

Acquire::http::Proxy "http://bob:123bob@bobproxy:8070";

I found a way which is working but it is very tedious.

1. Install Ubuntu 10.10. Proxy works perfectly with this version.

2. Then upgrade it to a newer version.

To do upgrade in a faster way. Download the "alternate iso" for that perticular version and then upgrade the Ubuntu by mounting that ".iso" file. It will not take much time. After the final upgrade to the desired version, proxy will still work.


Whatsapp on Ubuntu Phone? Is it already possible to download Whatsapp on Ubuntu mobile through the software center? Or can someone show me how to download and install this step by step? I don't have an Ubuntu phone yet but I would love to try it but only if it is possible to run Whatsapp

There is currently no official Whatsapp client for Ubuntu phone till now, but there is a workaround to do that.

Please read this for more information http://www.whatsappfor.org/software/whatsapp-ubuntu-phone-touch/

I asked this exact question in the Ubuntu app dev group just today.

Consensus is that it won't come anytime soon if at all. Workarounds might be possible in the future, but Whatsapp/Facebook is by no means interested in that(they love that lack of privacy)


How can I access Flash files from streaming websites? In Maverick, there was an option to download Flash videos from sites like YouTube, Vimeo, etc. by copying the flashxx** file in /tmp directory to another location before closing the window. But in Firefox 4 in Natty, this doesn't work anymore. Why?

You can use several Firefox addons in order to extract the FLV files from many websites such as Youtube.

I'll show below how to do this MANUALLY with the latest version of the Flash plugin.

Visit the YouTube video and wait for it to be downloaded fully.
Then, run from the command line the command

$ lsof -n | grep Flash

which shows the files (even memory files!), and filters to those that have Flash in their name.
You get something like

plugin-co 2461          user   17u      REG                8,5  1693301     524370 /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 (deleted).

Now, there is a /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 but it has been deleted.
In Linux, if a file is deleted, it is actually gone only when all programs that opened it earlier are closed. That is, the Flash plugin is using a trick to hide the /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 file. It creates it and immediately deletes it. But since the Flash plugin keeps running, it can apparently still use it.
From the above line we note the number 2461, which is the process ID. In your case it will be probably different. Then, run

$ cd /proc/2461/fd

and finally execute

$ ls -l

This will show you the memory files, and specifically

lrwx------ 1 user user 64 2011-09-16 10:23 17 -> /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6 (deleted)

The number '17' (in my case) is the filename you can use to access the deleted /tmp/FlashXXVkHEM6. Therefore, simply run

$ cp 17 /tmp/myyoutubevideo.flv

and you restore the Youtube Video!

That's it! You manually recovered the Youtube video!

Hope this will help you
http://sahanlm.blogspot.com/2012/05/how-to-copy-google-chrome-cache-flash.html


Blender won't save images This should be a simple question. I am unable to save any images I render in blender.

I set the output to be /home/john/Pictures/binary.png, the image type to PNG, and checked the "File Extensions" box.

Then when I press f12 (Or Render > Render Image), there is nothing new in my pictures folder.

I've tried running blender using graphical root (gksu), and it still wont let me save anything.

You have to manually save renders.

First you start with a scene you want to render.

After setting up your image settings, hit f12 to Render.
Now you will get a rendered image in your viewport (under the UV/Image editor).

However, this image is not saved automatically.
To save it, you need to click on the image menu:

And you will get the option to save the image:

try save the image as copy :) ( Save as Copy )
friendly
Anteas


ubuntu 18.04 boot problem: Logo keeps flashing I've been using ubuntu 18.04 in a dual boot system since the release after automatically upgrading from 16.04. The last 1 month i have this problem. After choosing ubuntu from boot menu it takes more than usual (disk is reading) to load ubuntu logo. Then for every loading bullet the logo disappears and then it appears again. This happens all the time and it doesn't boot. However it boots ok when using the recovery mode.

Kindly go to single user mode for checking boot and Journalctl logs in order to take action according error/warning what logs say.

commands for log files:-

#cat /var/log/boot.log

#journalctl -xe


How do I delete all empty directories in a directory from the command line? Say I have a directory named foo/. This folder includes subdirectories. How can I delete all the empty directories in one command?

Try this command:

find . -empty -type d -delete

The find command is used to search for files/directories matching a particular search criteria from the specified path, in this case the current directory (hence the .).

The -empty option holds true for any file and directory that is empty.

The -type d option holds true for the file type specified; in this case d stands for the file type directory.

The -delete option is the action to perform, and holds true for all files found in the search.

Python approach

$ tree
.
├── empty_dir1
├── empty_dir2
├── subdir1
│   ├── file1.abc
│   └── file2.abc
└── subdir2
    ├── file1.abc
    └── file2.abc

4 directories, 4 files
$ python -c 'import os;empty=[r for r,s,f in os.walk(".") if not f and not s and r != "." ];map(lambda x: os.rmdir(x),empty)'
$ tree
.
├── subdir1
│   ├── file1.abc
│   └── file2.abc
└── subdir2
    ├── file1.abc
    └── file2.abc

This works like so:

we use os.walk() function to walk recursively the directory tree. On each iteration r is set to current folder that we're accessing,s contains list of directories within r, and f will contain list of files in that folder. Of course if f and s are empty, we know that r is empty.
first list-comprehension allows us to create empty , the list of all directories that are empty, based on the evaluation stated above.
second function, map() is used to perform os.rmdir() on each item in empty list. List comprehension could be used as well as alternative.

As a script this would be as so:

#!/usr/bin/env python
import os
empty=[]
for r,s,f in os.walk("."):
    if not f and not s and r != ".":
        empty.append(r)

for i in empty:
    os.rmdir(i)