2 folders in Sys/Class/Backlight? ISSUE: Backlight brightness does not change.

More Detail: Brightness will not change, using both 'System Settings->Screen', or Fn keys (Brightness bar shows and moves, but screen brightness does not change).

Noticed a post about having multiple folders in Sys->Class->Backlight. I HAVE TWO FOLDERS TOO: intel_backlight and acpi_video0.

Using the function keys, alters the value in the acpi_video0's 'Brightness' file - But doesn't actually alter the brightness of the screen.

If I add backlight=vendor in Grub, my function keys then edit the value in the Intel_Backlight brightness file. - But again doesn't actually change the brightness of the screen.

Computer: Fujitsu Siemans Pi2515, Intel Integrated Graphics, No HDD partition.

Already Tried:

Editing grub to contain: acpi_osi=Linux acpi_backlight=vendor
http://ubuntuguide.net/change-screen-brightness-with-fn-key-in-ubuntu-11-0410-10

sudo apt-get install acpi
sudo setpci -s 00:02.0 F4.B=20

Brightness does not adjust in fallback mode either.
Reinstalling OS, Using Linux Mint (Same problem).
Upgrading and downgrading BIOS.

Many thanks for reading, I understand this problem may need a bit of a Linux pro to sort. If anyone up for the challenge I'll spend any amount of time being walked through this, posting results. Don't want to give up here!

I have a very similar problem with a Toshiba Portege R935 in 12.04. I can't change the brightness after suspending and resuming.

The Grub line didn't help either (actually with that line, it stopped working even before suspending).

In the meantime, I discovered this workaround:

as root, change the value in sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness. for instance:

echo 2937 | sudo tee /sys/class/backlight/intel_backlight/brightness

Warning: these values are not between 0 and 7 (as the ones in the other directory), but between 284 and 4539, or something like that.

If you tried everything else and your system's backlight non-responsive and if you are using an Intel 915 or descendent thereof ("945GSE", etc.) then your issue may be backlight inversion confusion on gen4.


I am unable to edit gedit ~/.bashrc in ubuntu please help how to do I am installing hadoop  in ubuntu 19 and I am trying  to  edit bashrc file in gedit but unable to  edit gedit bashrc file please help me how to do.
This my hduser dir:

 hdusr@suri-VirtualBox

when I  am sitting the path to  hadoop in gedit, It throughs an error.

hdusr@suri-VirtualBox:/home/suri/Desktop$ sudo gedit
Unable to init server: Could not connect: Connection refused

(org.gnome.gedit:26356): Gtk-WARNING **: 17:44:15.925: cannot open display:

after that i tried xhost + but didn't work for me please help me how to fix it.

You can use sudo nano ~/.bashrc to edit .bashrc file . Then reload the file using  source ~./bashrc

if u are using sudo means, you are going to change root .bashrc file because
 of that may be u are not able to change file.
check once display environment is there or not and to set environment follow
 these commands -

DISPLAY=":0"
   export DISPLAY


How can I boost my download speed for the softwares I download from ubuntu software centre? I have a lan connection with average download speed of about 5-6 MBps.
But ubuntu software centre doesn't download at that speed. I even checked my speed by downloading from other sources but they were giving a download speed in Mbps. Is there a way I can boost up speed because downloading packages as big in Giga Bytes can become cumbersome at speed of 70-100 Kbps.

Perhaps you could follow this article as to how use mirror-servers. The python-script seems promising, but adds manual labour.


Force set Google safe-search in incognito tabs? I am trying to make my laptop as safe as possible. I've set up opendns, but the problem is it doesn't work on Google image results.

So, I use Google safe search and it's great! But not on incognito tabs. I searched for solutions. I found out that there is no real solution but some tricks.

Some of them work by changing some Chrome policies.

The majority of solutions are for Windows, so I don't know how to follow them on Ubuntu.

Option to disable incognito mode?
Is it possible to lock safe search setting in incognito windows?

And if this one could be done in Ubuntu it's a good solution:

How to: Enforcing Google Safe-Search, You-Tube, and Bing

i fount a great extension working on Firefox and chrome . enforce safe search .

link for firefoz : https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/sas/

link for chrome : https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/enforce-safe-search-adult/fiopkogmohpinncfhneadmpkcikmgkgc

I switched to SafeDNS where there are simple checkboxes for the safe search/strict features and it works great.  Then I just blocked the search engine category (along with a bunch of other categories) and specifically whitelisted Google and Bing.  I realize this is still not a bulletproof solution, but it is much better than I was able to get with OpenDNS.


My laptop will not boot any distro other than ubuntu from usb I am having issues trying to create a persistent live usb flash drive. I cannot seem to get any kind of persistence working.

My first try was to create a (L/K)Ubuntu 13.04 live usb with persistence using universal usb installer (pendrive linux). These distros boot up from usb, but persistence just does not seem to work. I then tried Unetbootin and Linux Live USB Creator but the same problem arises.

My next try was to create a bootable usb drive with knoppix or puppy, because it has built in persistence. The problem here is that my laptop won't even boot from the usb drive. I have tried universal usb installer, unetbootin and lili usb but none works.

The last thing I tried was to burn puppy to a cd and booted from that, which worked. I then tried the universal installer and set everything up to install puppy on a flash drive (with fat32 and ext2) but again, the laptop refuses to boot from it. I even tried multiple bootloaders but the first three didn't work so I gave up.

Can anyone tell me what is going on here? Somehow the bootloader provided with Ubuntu works on USB drives but when using a different distro my laptop does not see the usb drive as bootable. Would it be possible to create a bootable usb drive with ubuntu, so that it will boot, but then remove the ubuntu image and swap it with puppy? If so, how can it be done?

Edit: Oh and I am using Windows 8 x64 on UEFI.. UEFI has been nothing but trouble when using any kind of unix system so that's probably the one to blame. Still, windows won't boot in legacy mode so I'm stuck with it.

I would suggest using a different, and Open Source Linux based app to create that multibooting flash drive with persistance. http://sourceforge.net/projects/multibootusb/ and http://www.linuxliveusb.com/ have worked well for me, and I carry a 32GB flashdrive with multiple distros, including Puppy, not just *buntu distros.


phonegap create test not working I installed node.js and npm on my Ubuntu 14.04 system using:

sudo apt-get install nodejs
sudo apt-get install npm

I then tried to install phonegap with npm install -g phonegap.

Everything seemed fine, but when I try run phonegap create test nothing happens.
It just returns a non zero error,  but doesn't display any specific error.

I did exactly how what the instructions suggested, still no luck!

Can anyone tell what am I missing?

I figured it out, I had installed node package earlier sometime, due to which it was conflicting. So you just need to remove the old node package then sudo apt-get install nodejs then install phonegap via npm and you're ready to go. And you need to have your android development tools in your $PATH variable so that phonegap can trigger them properly.

You can also find PhoneGap / Cordova command over here http://goo.gl/3iu7SF


How can I remove a cron job set as user ubuntu I'm using Ubuntu 14.04 and I have created a new cron job as a different user.
I started gksu gnome-shedule and set up a new cron and set it up as user ubuntu.

Now I can't edit or remove this job. Is there way to remove the job?

The job is listed when I run the following command:

sudo nano crontab -u ubuntu -l

To execute crontab as the user ubuntu do:

sudo -u ubuntu crontab -e

Or you can login as user ubuntu first with:

sudo su ubuntu -

and then:

crontab -e

Or try sudo crontab -u ubuntu -e

Reasoning: From man crontab

  If  the -u option is given, it specifies the name of the user whose crontab is to be used (when listing) or modified (when editing). If this option is not given, crontab examines "your" crontab, i.e., the crontab of the person executing the command.  Note that su(8) can confuse crontab and that if you are running inside of su(8) you should always use the -u option for safety's sake.


How to use notification area (system tray) over indicators in Xubuntu? Xubuntu has both notification area (system tray) and indicators. I prefer the first one, as it allows me to hide items. Is there any way to force the apps that support both (e.g. Tomboy, Dropbox etc) to display their icons in the system tray and not their indicators?

This is rather simple. Just remove the indicator plugin from your panel and all bidirectional indicators become notification icons.

Your only loss is:

the menu-like behavior
some incompatible, indicator-only items
some rare icon size changes


Adobe Flash Plugin is vulnerable/outdated in 14.04 but there is no update in Firefox I am using Ubuntu 14.04 LTS. When I open a site which requires flash plugin (e.g. Youtube), Firefox says This plugin is vulnerable and should be updated.

However if I click Check for updates... there is no update at all. This is what the update site listed:

Shockwave Flash 11.2 r202 (status up to date 11.2.202.424)
Java(TM) Plug-in 11.25.2 (status up to date 11.25.2)

So what should I do?

I've done some research at mozilla and adobe and tests with both recent LTS-versions (14.04 and 12.04) and I'm pretty sure it is just a numbering problem of the flash-plugin!

To make a long story short:
If you open in firefox "tools" - "add-ons" - "plugins" respectively look at the mozilla check and you've got version 11,2,202,425 (notice the commas!), you will get this error message.
and if your version is 11.2.202.425 (same version, just with dots at the numbering) everything is fine.

So don't panic, your system is safe! ;-)

But I can understand that this message is annoying and so this would be the easiest way to get rid of it:
open a terminal and insert sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y flashplugin-installer, type your root-password (no characters will be displayed) and just wait till executed!

I would recommend this solution just in the case you have already installed the latest version but still get the error message because of the differences between the flash-packages!

Have you tryed to type in this in the terminal:

  sudo apt-get install freshplayerplugin
  sudo apt-get install pepper
  sudo apt-get install adobe-flashplugin
  sudo dpkg --reconfigure -a

and it might work fine this way.


How do I get my sound card back? I have been fighting an annoying problem with my sound set up for a while now, and it's suddenly taken a turn for the worst. I don't know if this situation is related or not, but I think it might be a new problem, so I'm starting a new question.

As described in my other question, every time I start a YouTube (or any online video), I have to restart my Pulseaudio server. However, this last time I did it, my Pulseaudio server never came back.

When I look at my sound settings, this is all I get:

This is what my sound settings were before:

How do I get my sound device back again?

Maybe pulseaudio isn't running or not running correctly. Try removing the pulsaudio configuration by renaming (for safety) the ~/.pulse directory (it's in your home folder).  This will cause it to generate a new setup next time.  This procedure got it back for me when it failed when I removed a pulseaudio equalizer module I was trying out.

Turns out the problem was that the server, when rebooting, was not completely logging in automatically to the right user account.

I was not aware of this, but apparently for the Pulseaudio server to become available on the network, the right user has to be logged in on the server. I would have thought for the machine to be on would be enough.

Anyway, this has been resolved by ensuring the server is logged in to the correct user account after each reboot.


How do I zip up a folder but exclude the .git subfolder I'm trying to create a zip file from a folder and I'd like to exclude the .git sub-folder from the resulting zip file.

I have gone to the parent folder of the one I want to zip (called bitvolution) and I'm doing:

zip -r bitvolution.zip bitvolution -x ".git"

But it doesn't exclude the .git sub-folder.

I've tried various combinations, -x .git*, -x \.git/*, -x .git/\*, -x \.git/\*. I've also tried using the full path for the exclude argument... but just didn't get there.

The correct expression is -x '*.git*', so the full command should be:

zip -r bitvolution.zip ./bitvolution -x '*.git*'

An explanation from http://selfsolved.com/problems/zip-command-exclude-svn-director:

  The correct incantation is

zip -9 -r --exclude=*.svn*  foo.zip [directory-to-compress]

  You can also add a
  --exclude=*.DS_Store* to exclude the annoying Mac OS X directory display metadata files.

  Notice that the expression passed to --exclude is using the entire original relative directory path as the original string to match against. So .svn/* by itself doesn't work; the wildcard character in front ensures that it matches .svn directories anywhere in the directory tree.

Here's an example of what I use:
zip -r workspace.zip workspace -x '*/.git/*' -x '*/.DS_Store/*' -x '*/build/*'


Cannot install android-studio on Ubuntu - error 'unable to access sdk' I have been trying to install android studio on Ubuntu 14.04 (64) and I have followed these steps:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:paolorotolo/android-studio
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install android-studio

It installed so I found it using

dpkg -L android-studio

The application was installed in /usr/share/applications/android-studio which I physically clicked on from nautilus - which started the setup wizard. I clicked standard install.

It took a long time downloading the entire sdk but once it was fully downloaded it gave me this message:

Android SDK is up to date.
Creating Android virtual device
Unable to access SDK

And gave me just the option to finish which closed the setup wizard.

I tried the whole process again as root (sudo nautilus and again physically clicking on the application icon) and it downloaded the whole SDK a second time - and gave the same error!

I'm not sure if this is a Ubuntu problem, an Android Studio problem or just a me problem. Please help.

OK it has been a lot of searching but it appears the problem is that the adb and some other sdk tools still use some 32bit libraries which have been deprecated and are no longer supplied with the latest version of Ubuntu 64....

Hopefully this issue will be resolved soon in the meantime I got it working with:

sudo apt-get install lib32z1 lib32ncurses5 lib32bz2-1.0

sudo apt-get install lib32stdc++6

And so far it is working as expected.

Hope this answer saves other people from spending a whole day searching for the problem :)

If also gives you issues regarding your open java version, please simply:

sudo apt-get update


apt-get install -f wants to remove a lot of programs I am trying to install a program (Stretchly), but get the following error:

dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of stretchly:i386:
stretchly:i386 depends on libappindicator1.

dpkg: error processing package stretchly:i386 (--install):
dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
...
Errors were encountered while processing:
 stretchly:i386

When I try apt-get install -f, I get the following error:

The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required:
  geoclue-2.0 gtk-sharp2 ... libxml-sax-perl linux-headers-4.13.0-32 linux-headers-4.13.0-32-generic
  linux-image-4.13.0-32-generic linux-image-extra-4.13.0-32-generic monodoc-base monodoc-browser monodoc-gtk2.0-manual
Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them.
The following additional packages will be installed:
  libappindicator1:i386 libindicator7:i386
Recommended packages:
  indicator-application:i386
The following packages will be REMOVED:
  duplicati google-chrome-stable indicator-application keeweb-desktop libappindicator0.1-cil libappindicator1 libindicator7 wingpanel-indicator-ayatana
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libappindicator1:i386 libindicator7:i386
0 upgraded, 2 newly installed, 8 to remove and 18 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 43.4 kB of archives.
After this operation, 362 MB disk space will be freed.
Do you want to continue? [Y/n]

I understand that the programs will be removed because of dependencies being removed on which they rely. But how then do I install Stretchly without removing all those other programs?

I had the same problem and ran this command in my command line

sudo -s
dpkg --configure -a

that should do it but it might take a while


How To Install VNC Server On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS How To Install VNC Server On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS ...

How to access  Ubuntu 18.04 from Windows 10  using Remote Acess ...

Install tightvncserver.

apt-get -y install tightvncserver

Login with a user you'd like to set VNC. By the way, this example shows to use Xfce Desktop on VNC.

set VNC password

vncpasswd

Password:

Verify:

start VNC server

tightvncserver :1

New 'dlp:1 (ubuntu)' desktop is dlp:1

Creating default startup script /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup

Starting applications specified in /home/ubuntu/.vnc/xstartup

Log file is /home/ubuntu/.vnc/dlp:1.log

tightvncserver -kill :1

stop once

Killing Xvnc4 process ID 2675

nano ~/.vnc/xstartup

exec xfce4-session &
xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
autocutsel -fork
export XKL_XMODMAP_DISABLE=1
/etc/X11/Xsession

  tightvncserver -geometry 1366x768 :1


Login screen password language I have ubuntu 12.04, and 2 languages on my keyboard.
Every time the screen goes black it requires my password, which is in English. But the language set is the one I have used last. How can I make it use English by default in the login screen?
I am also ok with no password, it is my home computer.

There is an alternative solution for the problem. You can disable all languages system-wide, except English, but leave the languages for your current user. I'm using Ubuntu 17.10.

Go to Settings -> Region & Language -> Manage Installed Languages.

Remove all languages using "Install / Remove Languages..." button, except English (only "русский" in my case).
Apply settings system-wide.
Re-install languages that were removed on step 2.

Havent tried output but I think you can try with something like this:

command:

gksu gedit /etc/lightdm/lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf

search for the line:

#show-language-selector=false         --(false or true)chose appropriate one for you

Change it to:

show-language-selector=true

Save and exit. Logout / Login or reboot the machine to apply the effect.


On Ubuntu 14.04 Centrino Wireless-N 1030 constantly disconnects I've installed Ubuntu 14.04. My wifi occasionally disconnects and I have to  turn it off then back on to get wifeless again.

I am using Centrino Wireless-N 1030.

Also, make sure that power management is turned off.

iwconfig wlan0

should display a line with Power Management: Off. If it says On, you have to run:

sudo iwconfig wlan0 power off

This worked for me:

OPTION 1

sudo modprobe -r iwldvm #otherwise iwlwifi refuses to stop
sudo modprobe -r iwlwifi
sudo modprobe iwlwifi 11n_disable=1
sudo modprobe iwldvm

OPTION 2

sudo modprobe -r iwldvm #otherwise iwlwifi refuses to stop
sudo modprobe -rv iwldvm
sudo modprobe iwldvm 11n_disable=1
sudo modprobe iwldvm


How to deny drive access to other users in Ubuntu 14.04 In my system I have two users and 2 drive partition like (A and B). I have my files in "A" drive. If other user log into my system. I need to deny access to "A" drive only and "B" drive should be common access.

I am using Ubuntu 14.04

I guess this manual page may help you:  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissions

If some more sophisticated scenarios are required at some stage - ACL's may also be useful:  https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FilePermissionsACLs

Long story short - proper file permissions will help you.


Speakers not showing up, default audio device is headphones I have recently installed Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS and the default audio device is headphones and my speakers (built-in) are not showing up in sound settings. What's more that the headphone jack of my HP Probook 6550b laptop is broken so I can't test if I am getting audio output or not. How do I setup my speakers? Please guide me properly as I am a beginner in terms of Linux and terminal.

This problem was solved on linux questions forum so if anyone has this problem check the link out: https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/ubuntu-63/speakers-not-working-default-audio-device-is-headphone-4175673286/


What is grub2 default font? what is ubuntu 12.04 grub2 default font? I changed it and don't know what it was to change it back. I have tried many different font and style to no avail.

The default font of grub2 in 12.04 is unicode.pf2. Check this command
grep -n font /boot/grub/grub.cfg

It is described in 45th line in grub.cfg file. The location of the font is /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2.

Check this related question on Unix.SE

Update to include information from OP's comment:
OP wrote in a later comment,

In Grub Customizer on the right side there is a little red minus sign that removes the custom font. click that and hit save and boom back to the default font

I believe the default grub2 font is Ariel


Windows control buttons problem I have tried to move windows control buttons using gconf-editor.
It worked partially; Now when windows are not maximied X/Minimize/Maximize buttons are on the right side, but as soon as the windows are maximized it goes back to right.
What should I do?

Thanks

Try this on your terminal:

sudo su
rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity

It will delete gnome configuration and resets everything !


How to get NVidia GeForce GT 210 drivers working on Lucid Lynx? I have a workstation with NVIDIA GeForce GT 210 graphics card & Ubuntu 10.4, and am having rather annoying problems trying to get them working together. (On other machines and earlier Ubuntu versions I've been a pretty happy NVIDIA user though.)

First of all, simply using the NVIDIA driver automatically suggested by "Adminstration -> Hardware drivers" didn't work at all. Based on this answer, I tried with drivers straight from NVIDIA, and got it working for a while. But now (perhaps due to reboot, or apt-get upgrade) I'm out of luck again.

There now seems to be a conflict with the Nouveau driver. I've tried removing it:

apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau (as suggested here) and reboot
I've also tried modprobe -r nouveau but it gives FATAL: Module nouveau is in use.

But when trying to (re-)execute NVidia's installer (NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-256.53.run)
it keeps complaining about Nouveau. I'm starting to run out of ideas, so any help would be welcome!

Seems that once I got over this problem, I was able to switch to using a newer kernel (automatically installed by apt-get upgrade: 2.6.32-21 to 2.6.32-25), and with that kernel the Nouveau module was no longer in use (probably due to removing the xserver-xorg-video-nouveau package?).

Then, after installing appropriate linux-headers packages, the NVIDIA installer agreed to proceed and it rebuilt the kernel module and took it into use.

Then some dual-monitor configuration, and everything seems to be pretty smooth, finally. Whew. :-)

(Problems with the non-NVIDIA drivers included: 1) for VGA output the image was in the wrong place horizontally; you couldn't get it right even by manually adjusting the monitor 2) colours (or contrast) for DVI and VGA output were very different. There's only one DVI output in the card so I need to use VGA for the other monitor.)

I'm not sure if anyone will face exactly the same kind of mess that I did, but, to recap, for anyone else with the same or similar graphics card:

You can get NVidia GeForce GT 210 to work just fine on Ubuntu 10.04.
Get the drivers directly from NVIDIA (as described here), but before installing them, get rid of Nouveau completely.

Edit: Removing Nouveau drivers

I had to set up my machine all over again (due to the system disk, an Intel X25-M SSD, breaking down and having to be replaced...), this time bypassing any eCryptfs problems, so now it's a bit clearer to me how exactly you can remove and disable the Nouveau drivers (to be able to install NVIDIA ones):

apt-get --purge remove xserver-xorg-video-nouveau
As described in this answer: edit /etc/default/grub and add the line GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nouveau.modeset=0"
sudo update-grub
Reboot

After that, you should be able to install NVIDIA drivers without conflicts with Nouveau.

I have a 210GT that has worked with zero problems in 10.04 through to 11.04 so far using the nvidia-current driver from the rpeository. In order for the drivers to work properly you may need yo create a new /etc/X11/xorg.conf file. to to that, open a terminal and type:

sudo nvidsia-xconfig

Running the above command will backup the old xorg.conf file. Once the new file has been created, all you have to do is reboot.


Issue while dual Booting Windows 7 Ultimate with Ubuntu 14.04.3 I am trying to dual boot my laptop which has Windows 7 Ultimate currently installed [ Not Licensed]. I'm following this link for the same -
How can I dual boot Windows and Ubuntu?

After I restart the system with the boot able disk plugged in, I get the option where to install Ubuntu or Try it, as I should. When I proceed with it, during the step where it is supposed to identify the already existing Windows 7 , it doesn't. It says, there's no existing OS on the system and then suggests to install Ubuntu completely or create other partitions.
I'm not sure why it happens, one of my guess is because it is not licensed. I want to dual boot it and not have just one of them. Any help as to what is causing this and what is the workable solution.
Thanks.

You could boot up Windows 7 and shrink your partition like so & install Ubuntu on the space you cleared up.


Disable IPv6 on 14.04 with IPv6 disabled kernel How do i disable system wide IPv6 within ubuntu?

I know so many answers in here about this but situation is different. This is an embedded device.

Here is my conditions:

IPv6 disabled in kernel to gain some space
Bootloader is u-boot

According to here >> How to dynamically enable and disable ipv6 on an interface here is what i tried:

*net.ipv6.conf.** was not worked in sysctl.conf  because there is no
/proc/sys/net/ipv6/ folder
Could not configure from grub because there is no grub (:

Digging within google gave me the same solutions. And still IPv6 couses problems with my wireless.

Any idea how to do?

I think that if you worry about the little space that the IPv6 kernel module takes then you should probably be compiling your own kernel...


How do I show apt-get package management history via command line? Is there a way to show the history of packages that were changed by apt-get via command line?

All actions with apt (apt-get) are logged. These files are available in /var/log/apt/. To view the most recent history log, execute:

less /var/log/apt/history.log

These logs gets rotated (every month I guess), old files will be suffixed with a number and compressed. So to view the next history log, use:

zless /var/log/apt/history.log.1.gz

To view the logs available:

ls -la /var/log/apt/

Here is how you actually do it, say package mutter:

_P=mutter &&
(cat /var/log/dpkg.log{,.1};zcat /var/log/dpkg.log.*.gz) |
egrep --text "^[^ ]* [^ ]* (configure|install|remove|status [^ ]*|trigproc|upgrade) $_P[: ]" |
sort --reverse | less

Using dpkg.log captures operations that apt-get does not see.

Output:

2016-12-20 09:47:35 status unpacked mutter:amd64 3.22.2-2ubuntu1~ubuntu16.10.1
2016-12-20 09:47:35 status installed mutter:amd64 3.22.2-2ubuntu1~ubuntu16.10.1
…


My system is running in low graphics mode and I had forgot my username please help me I had forgot login user name and It is running in low graphics mode please help me.

Easiest solution: a reinstall. If you're not sure about your password try auto login when in the "Who are you?" part of Ubiquity.
If you really don't renember your username, try cut -d: -f1 /etc/passwd.

To get rid of low graphics mode you need to install your propietary drivers for your GPU. The majority of them can be found in the ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa


Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit freezing What happens is, when I boot my computer, it loads the login screen just fine. I proceed to type in my password and as soon as I type my password in, my mouse and keyboard freeze up and cannot be used, as if they're not even plugged in. I've reinstalled the OS a few times and I'm having the same problem each time. P.S. It tells me that something is disabled in bios. Does that have to do with anything? Please help! Thanks!

Re download the ISO and install all updates,

also do 64 bit instead if you have [AMD] or [intel equip that is newer than 2007].


How can I install Ubuntu to a spare second hard drive? I have recently purchased 'Ubuntu unleashed' with a view to making a first time installation of Ubuntu.  The book contained a DVD version 13.10 but I have so far been unsuccessful with the actual installation itself

I am attempting to instal the program on a spare second SSD (D:)
- my other SSD has Windows 7 (C:).

I am unable to find a way to inform the installation to instal Ubuntu onto the second drive (D:).

It will install itself perfectly well onto the remaining space on C: (but of course I don't want it there). At the very beginning of the set up, in the 3 choices, which ever I choose I never see an option to choose the final destination - drive D:

The dual boot installs itself beautifully but both OS's are on the same drive!

What am I doing wrong?

During install, it should give you an option to partition the drive yourself. It's in the step where it asks if it should install next to Windows, option is called "Something else". In that option, you can select your drive (ie. either /dev/sda og /dev/sdb).

well, what I found is that: make shure you can see the drive in file explorer. If you cant, turn it on in the boot menu, and under... I think drives. you should be given a list of things plugged into the inside of your pc. dvd roms, graphics processor, and hard drives, for examples. turn them all on, then launch windows as usual. Do what you described in your problem, and every thing should be fine. this SHOULD work regardless of if you have the physical copy, or downloadable copy. if this isn't your issue, sorry, but I can't help you.
EDIT: if you don't see it, plug the 5 cord thing into both drives, then use a spare orange flat cable to plug the new drive to the mother board, like the blue cord, but in a black motherboard input.


which snap command is eqivalent to `apt depends ` in apt If I get it right, then snap installs the application package which contains a binary and the libraries the application depends on, if they're not installed already.

But I wonder how I can view these libraries the application depends on like I can do with apt depends <application> in apt.

tl;dr: there's no such thing, because snaps don't have dependencies.

Snaps don't install dependencies if they're not already installed. They literally bundle them along with the rest of the snap. For example, if you have PHP 7.1 installed as a Debian package, and you install the Nextcloud snap, the Nextcloud snap will be using PHP 7.3 because it includes it inside the snap. In fact, it's confined to the point of not even being able to find out if you have PHP already installed or not, much less have the ability to install more stuff on your host.

Why do they work this way? One of the reasons is so that snap developers can rest assured that you're using exactly what they tested. To re-use the Nextcloud snap example, those maintainers can rest a lot easier releasing updates knowing that it's impossible for any of their users to be using anything other than PHP 7.3. If they had to make sure they tested it against every possible PHP version, releases would be a lot slower and a lot more risky.

Now, time for a little caveat. While snaps don't have traditional dependencies, it's possible for snaps to share content between each other using a special content interface. In that sense it's possible to create snap A that doesn't work properly unless a snap that's providing the content it requires is also installed. However, that doesn't imply that snap A depends on snap B, it implies that snap A depends on something providing it with a particular set of content; that might be snap B, but could also be snap C. For the most part, you can completely ignore this caveat and say "snaps bundle their dependencies."

The objective of Snaps is to hide that from you.

However, you can look up the pre-Snap package which is the equivalent for the app and find your dependencies that way by opening a browser and going to "ubuntu man ".


How to access apache log file via php (Not parsing Log file) Is there a way that I can access Apache Log files from my PHP page.
Normally the apache will not allow access to outer folders. Is there any alternative way to access log files? If I get those logs I can parse them and find out bandwidth usages

Edit:

I actually want to implement a bandwidth tracking system which can track how much data, a user is downloaded form my site. or uploaded to my site. I searched in stackoverflow and found an answer which suggests parsing log file. I need to automate this so that website itself will parse the log and show the details.any idea?

I would be careful with trying to access the Apache log from anywhere other than local or SSH.  Accessing the log files for Apache via PHP or a nonsecure method is not safe, as those logs can contain connection related information in them which if leaked puts users at risk.

I would, if I were you, just download the log file via SFTP or rsync or scp via SSH to your system, and then analyze the logs, rather than try and have PHP serve the log file to you.

I have made very simple php script at

http://malton.duckdns.org/log.php

all you have to do is copy access log to your server root
and run php script like the one I made above 1 link
 ! or track visitors
with php which is like this. Ibeleive creating own script is best way to track visitors

http://malton.duckdns.org/ip.php


How can you log out via the terminal? Is there a terminal command that will log you out of your current desktop session and take you back to the login screen?

11.10 and above

gnome-session-quit

11.04 and previous versions

dbus-send --session --type=method_call --print-reply --dest=org.gnome.SessionManager /org/gnome/SessionManager org.gnome.SessionManager.Logout uint32:1

(via DoR, see his answer to "Reboot without sudoer privileges?" for more dbus goodness!)

or alternatively, you can use

gnome-session-save --force-logout

--force-logout in contrast to just --logout will not ask the user to deal with unsaved documents and so on.

  is this the easiest way? no simple one
  line command like sudo logout?? I will
  never remember all that.

Yes, there is a command called logout, but it concerns the Terminal. gnome-session-save is the program that actually quits the gnome-session, which you can of course kill, but that wouldn't qualify as logging out. :-)

Notice as well that these commands don't require you to be root.

You can always add an alias to your system if you want to have a shorter command.

Open ~/.bash_aliases with a text editor, or create it if it isn't there, and add something like this to it:

alias logout-gnome="gnome-session-save --force-logout"

(.bashrc is a script that is run every time a new virtual terminal is started up, you should set up all your permanent aliases there, see also: How to create a permanent "alias"?)

I found this accidentally.

luvpreet@DHARI-Inspiron-3542:~/go/bin$ who -uH
NAME     LINE         TIME             IDLE          PID COMMENT
luvpreet tty7         2017-12-27 17:33  old        27458 (:0)

Here you get the process id of your current session.

So, easy. Kill it

luvpreet@DHARI-Inspiron-3542:~$ kill 27458

There you go.


Is it okay to delete the ~/.cache folder? When I use disk usage analyzer and scan my home folder, the .cache folder in my home directory always shows up with a decent bit of things in it.

Would it be okay for me to delete the contents of this folder or would it damage something?

To answer the question, IMO you can delete all of .cache with no long term detrimental effects.

If your .cache is growing large, it might be better to look at the contents and determine what application is making it large and re-configure a bad acting application (rather than simply deleting .cache when it grows too large).

Another directory that can take up a lot of space (and/or save an embarrassing bit of evidence) is the .thumbs directory. Many files in .thumbs seem to be duplicates.

To clean (just take care with the -rf flag and other directories ;)

rm -rf ~/.thumbs/*

When you are new to Ubuntu/Linux it is hard to know what you can and can not delete in your home directory. For the most part you can delete most anything in your home directory, programs or applications that require .cache (or other dot files such as .local) will re-create them.

Most of the time, at worst, you will lose custom configurations, but no real harm to the system.

I would not advise you start a habit of deleting things you do not understand in your home directory, back it up or use a test account. If in doubt, the safe thing would be to make a back up or move the file.

mv .cache .cache_backup

You can then restore from backup if needed.

Definitely do NOT start deleting  things you do not understand outside of your home directory.

deleting .cache will delete most configuration settings to web applications. First to notice are the web browsers and mail clients.

Same applies for folder .mozilla.
For example it will remove all accounts from Thunderbird and you have to re create them again. Regarding to web browsers it will delete the history and some of the content settings

Other than that there is no trouble of deleting these files.


How do I mount a qcow2 disk image? I have a QEMU virtual machine that uses a qcow2 disk image.

How can I mount its filesystem without powering on the virtual machine?

A quick google search turns up the qemu-nbd program, mentioned here. It is part of the qemu-kvm package, so you'll have to install KVM if you aren't using that already. Not sure about any direct GNOME/KDE solutions, if that is what you were looking for. Here is an example for using it:

sudo modprobe nbd
sudo qemu-nbd -c /dev/nbd0 --read-only /path/to/image.qcow2
udisksctl mount -b /dev/nbd0p1

you can directly mount as a normal mount like this

mount /dev/sdb1 /mount-point

But if u have n number of device mean you want again mount it to another directory for
that you can follow this one:

Mounting a partition from raw image is pretty simple:

losetup /dev/loop0 image.img
kpartx -a /dev/loop0
mount /dev/mapper/loop0p1 /mnt/image


Webex audio not working with 11.10 I can see presentations, chat, screen-share, everything in webex meeting but can't make audio work, I always get:

"The Audio Device is Unaccessible Now"

Does anyone know what is happening?

Thanks.

I just posted an answer to this question over at http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11757928

The WebEx applet uses a proprietary native module to access the sound software.  It is a 32-bit .so, so it cannot be loaded by a 64-bit JVM. The usual solution seems to be to run a 32-bit browser any time you are using WebEx.  As an alternative, I have patched the nspluginwrapper utility so that you can run a 32-bit Java plugin from a 64-bit browser (I've tested with Firefox, it should also work with Chrome).

Download the latest sources for nspluginwrapper from http://nspluginwrapper.org/download/

Expand the file (tar -xvzf) in a convenient location

Apply the following patch to the file npw-viewer.c:

--- npw-viewer.c    2011-06-30 23:18:57.000000000 -0400
+++ nspluginwrapper-1.4.4/src/npw-viewer.c    2012-03-11 14:09:35.104158681 -0400
@@ -5128,6 +5128,17 @@
     }
     handles[n_handles++] = handle;
     dlerror();
+#else
+    /* Install libstdc++ for java */
+    const char libstcpp[] = "libstdc++.so.6";
+    D(bug("  trying to open standard C++ runtime '%s'\n", libstcpp ));
+    if ((handle = dlopen(libstcpp, RTLD_LAZY|RTLD_GLOBAL)) == NULL) {
+      npw_printf("ERROR: %s\n", dlerror());
+      return 1;
+    }
+    handles[n_handles++] = handle;
+    dlerror();
+
 #endif
     D(bug("  %s\n", plugin_path));
     if ((handle = dlopen(plugin_path, RTLD_LAZY)) == NULL) {

You may need to get some additional libraries to make things work. In particular, I installed:

sudo apt-get install libcurl4-nss-dev libxt-dev libgtk2.0-dev g++-multilib

YMMV.

After getting the dependencies, its:

./configure
make
sudo make install

Then you will need a 32-bit jre. This can be downloaded from Oracle's website and installed.

Finally, locate the file libnpjp2.so in the lib directory of the 32-bit Java installation. I found it in /usr/lib/jvm/ia32-java-6-sun/jre/lib/i386/.

Execute

sudo nspluginwrapper -i /usr/lib/jvm/ia32-java-6-sun/jre/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so

(Or wherever your Java was installed.)

Then (re) start Firefox. Type "aboutlugins" in the address bar. You should see your newly installed 32-bit Java plugin.

Try joining a WebEx meeting with sound

Take a look here or at the initial post here.

They propose to use another installation of a browser (e.g. swiftfox) that uses a 32-bit Java plugin.


How to disable mouse acceleration on ubuntu 18.04 My mouse has mouse acceleration and is too fast in ubuntu 18.04.
Creating 90-mouse.conf in xorg.conf.d doesn't work.
And when gnome will switch from xorg to wayland, these xorg.conf files wont work anymore.
Is there another way to disable mouse acceleration in ubuntu?

Ubuntu uses gnome and gnome uses dconf(a "database" full of settings).

How to:

Install dconf-editor

sudo apt install dconf-editor via terminal or
search for Dconf Editor in Ubuntu Software

Open the dconf-editor and go to org -> gnome -> desktop -> peripherals -> mouse

Here are the mouse settings.

accel-profile -> sets what kind of acceleration you want to have
speed -> sets the mouse speed

You have these options in accel-profile:

default
flat aka. disable mouse acceleration
adaptive

To disable mouse acceleration:

set Use default value to off
set Custom value to flat

To change the mouse speed:

go to org/gnome/desktop/peripherals/mouse/speed
set Use default value to off
change the Custom value to the number that works for you
(the number can be between -1 and 1)

This didn't help me (maybe because of MATE), here is another solution:

  The graphical setting is unitialized. Move both acceleration and
  sensitivity to middle and then click close. Reopen the mouse
  preferences and adjust acceleration and sensitivity as you need.

Reference:
https://ubuntu-mate.community/t/mouse-too-fast-in-18-04-again-known-methods-stopped-working/18805


How do I configure my DNS settings in Ubuntu server? According to this page it appears to be simple. However, /etc/bind does not exist on the default installation of Ubuntu 12.04.3 LTS server.

So, without installing any further software, how can configure DNS and remove dnsmasq on ubuntu server? I am quite familiar with sudo & nano.

Set DNS Servers

You need to configure the /etc/network/interfaces file if you want to change your DNS server via the command line.

It should look something like this:

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.X.X
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.X.X
dns-nameservers X.X.X.X

If you have more than one DNS server, just add a space between each:

dns-nameservers X.X.X.X Y.Y.Y.Y Z.Z.Z.Z

Just replace the Xs, Ys, and Zs with your own IPs of the DNS servers of choice, and when this is done, run this command to update the settings:

sudo ifdown eth0 && sudo ifup eth0

Hope this helps!

NetworkManager TUI: nmtui

Beside this alternative using nmcli connection edit you might like a more ncurses approach with nmtui, the GNOME's CLITUI alternative to nm-connection-editor.

Note: This anwer is more related to Ubuntu Desktop, but since the suitable question was marked as duplicate of this one (incorrectly, IMO) I post it here.


How do I open .cpp file from the github directory? I'm a total newbie here. How do I open .cpp file from the github directory? what command should I use? I'm in the directory where the .cpp file is stored but I do not know how to open that in the terminal.

You can open the file in any text editor. Try:

nano file_name.cpp


Upgrade from precise -> trusty stalls with glib critical error Mid way through an upgrade from precise to trusty I get the following Glib-critical error: http://imgur.com/HFUJSFq,UAhiAa6#0

What's the best way of recovering from this?

First install bleachbit and clean all the junk

sudo apt-get install bleachbit

sudo bleachbit

Then do the update via terminal:

sudo apt-get update

sudo apt-get install -f

sudo apt-get upgrade

sudo do-release-upgrade


Is there software that can fill PDF forms? I have some PDFs which are actually forms, with fields to fill. Is there some software that can fill those fields?

Xournal will allow you to draw/write anything on the top layer of any PDF document and then export it back to PDF. It doesn't allow to actually fill PDF forms, but if writing text / drawing on top of your PDF is enough for you, you may find it useful.

To install from terminal, use the following command:

sudo apt-get install xournal

Use GIMP with the Export Layers plugin.

Export Layers allows you to export all layers at once, making editing via GIMP much less tedious.

You can then open all exported PNGs or JPEGs with something like Xviewer and print the entire collection as PDF.


At Present Which is the best choice for a Ubuntu graphics card, AMD or nVidia? I've been using nVidia cards in Ubuntu boxes for years. The closed source drivers have been great and I've even found my way around the nvidia-settings program when I've needed to. I'm now in the market for a new graphics card.   Is there (at present) any reason to entertain switching to an ATI card?

Does not matter, just check the compatibility list before you buy (both make both good and bad cards).

https://wiki.ubuntu.com/HardwareSupportComponentsVideoCards

and also http://free3d.org

Having RX 560 on Ubuntu 16.04 with default Ubuntu driver (not amdpro driver). I feel lower lag when typing text (like in good old DOS days). Comparing to NVIDIA GTX 1060, GTX 1030 and Intel HD - AMD rocks in this case.


How do I install a .tar.gz (or .tar.bz2) file? I have downloaded tar.gz files. But I don't know how to install it. How do I install this kind of file?

The first thing you need to do is extract the files from inside the tar archive to a folder. Let's copy the files to your desktop. You can extract an archive by right-clicking the archive file's icon inside your file browser and pressing the appropriate entry in the context menu.
Extracting the archive should create a new folder with a similar name. e.g. program-1.2.3.
Now you need to open your terminal and navigate to that directory using the following command:

cd /home/yourusername/Desktop/program-1.2.3

Make sure you read a file called INSTALL, INSTALL.txt, README, or something similar if one was extracted. You can check if such a file exists from the terminal by using the ls command. The file can be opened and read with the command:

xdg-open INSTALL

Where INSTALL is the name of your file.
This file will contain the right steps to follow to continue the installation process. Usually, the three "classical" steps are:

./configure
make
sudo make install

You may also need to install some dependencies if, for example, running  configure prompted you with an error listing which dependencies you are missing.

You can also use checkinstall instead of make install.

Remember that your mileage may vary.

Often programs that are offered as tar.gz files do not need to be compiled from source; they just need to be unzipped, stuck in the appropriate directory, and linked to an executable path.  Here are some example commands I used today.

tar -xzf ~/Downloads/Newprogram.tar.gz
sudo mv Newprogram/ /usr/local/lib/
sudo ln -s /usr/local/lib/Newprogram/run.sh /usr/local/bin/newprogram.sh

The directories I used were informed by this post:
Where to install programs?


When using && and sudo on the first command, is the second command run as sudo too? If I run a command.

sudo some-command && some-other-command

Is the second command being run with sudo previlege also?

TL;DR: NO

The first command is

sudo some-command

The second command is

some-other-command

The command sudo takes the following command and executes it with elevated privileges. The &&, however, doesn't belong to a command and is interpreted by the shell, before executing the first command. It tells bash to first execute the first command, and on success the second one.

So the sudo doesn't know about the && some-other command. When the elevated process terminates, bash takes its return value, and then executes the other command, which again doesn't know of the first one.

This can be demonstrated easily:

$ sudo whoami && whoami
root
username

To reach what you want, you can start an elevated bash, and let it execute both commands:

$ sudo bash -c 'whoami && whoami'
root
root

So now, both commands are executed as root, as the whole process described above is executed in an elevated process, i.e. the bash session started with this command, which immediately exits after finishing. Still, the both whoamis don't know of each others existence.

This does not suit any purpose but for this demonstration, the easier way is to simply do

sudo some-command && sudo some-other-command

On the command line, when you see
$ command one && command two

the typical intent is to execute the command that follows the && only if the first command is successful.
Is the other command runs as sudo also?
absolutely no, this is just as writing two consecutive  commands, this && gives no added privilege to a command. It's just a seperator.
To prove that let us take an example.
touch fileA fileB

I created two files fileA and fileB. Now I'll run the command
sudo chown test:test fileA && chown test:test fileB

I'm changing user and group owner of these files to user and group name test. Now the first command should run while what about the other?
The output is:
chown: changing ownership of `fileB': Operation not permitted

So the command didn't run since it needs sudo and though we can conclude that && is not a replacement of the second sudo


Can't type in login password because no keyboard is found I was trying to edit a keyboard layout in Ubuntu 14.04, but it wasn't accepting the changes.

I looked it up and found I needed to delete /var/lib/xkb to make the change take effect. I did that and it still hadn't taken effect, but nothing had changed either.
I looked further and found I had to do sudo restart lightdm. I did that and it did its thing, but when I tried to log back in, I couldn't type.
I shut down and tried again, but I still couldn't type. I went to onscreen keyboard and it said No X keyboard found, retrying…

I don't even have a USB keyboard or anything, it's a laptop with the keyboard built in. I can't do anything because my keyboard doesn't work and I have no idea what to do. Help!

Just had this happen. I was editing /usr/share/X11/xkb/symbols/pc (remapping alt to ctrl) but forgot a semicolon and could not use my keyboard to log in.

I restarted using GRUB to select recovery mode and then root terminal mode. Keyboard worked in the simple root terminal and I was able to edit and fix .../pc. Phew!

I was also struggling with this and solved it by just using an ubuntu live usb disk and replacing the keyboard symbols/pc file by the default one. A simple solution, but it took me a while before I thought of it so I hope this helps other people.


VMware Tools - There was a problem updating a software component. Try again later and if the problem persists, contact VMware Support Error: "There was a problem updating a software component. Try again later and if the problem persists, contact VMware Support or your system administrator."

I get this error when trying to install VMware Tools. The Host is Xubuntu / Ubuntu 13.04 and the Guest is Windows 8. Both are 64bit. How can I fix this?

Edit: I fixed the issue by using sudo when starting VMplayer: sudo /usr/bin/vmplayer

sudo apt install libncursesw5

This solved it for me.

Try using sudo :
see if that works

sudo /usr/bin/vmplayer


How should USB stick in Lion for 12.04 be formatted initially? Possible Duplicate:
  How do I get my Mac to boot from an Ubuntu USB key?

To create an Ubuntu 12.04 LTS USB stick in Mac OS X Lion, how should be the stick formatted initially?

Welcome to Ask Ubuntu, lsemac!

You don't need to format the USB before recording the USB, just make an USB image and burn the IMG using Disk Utility. The drive will be formatted automatically.

If you want to install Ubuntu in a USB drive:

Download Ubuntu: 32 bits PC / 64 bits PC / Intel Mac
Follow the instructions at the Ubuntu website.

As it seems too difficult, I'm going to make a Python script which can simplify the process :)


How to shred a folder? I want a command to shred completely the contents of a folder/directory (which may be inside folders/directories).
Also please explain the command.

Install the package secure-delete.
Use the command srm -r pathname to remove your folder and files.

The default settings are for 38 (!!!) passes of overwrites which is extreme overkill imho (see more info about this here).

For my usage, I only want a single pass of random data so I use srm -rfll pathname.

If you want to create a right-click option in the GUI for files and folders, use gnome-actions to call a script like this:

#!/bin/bash
if dialog=`zenity --window-icon=warning --question --title="Secure Delete" --no-wrap --text="Are you sure you want to securely delete:\n\n     $1\n\nand any other files and folders selected? File data will be overwritten and cannot be recovered."`
then /usr/bin/srm -fllrv "$@"| zenity --progress --pulsate --text="File deletion in progress..." --title="Secure Delete" --auto-close
fi

If you want more paranoid settings be sure to modify the above script.

When I need to shred multiple files or an entire directory I simply use shred -vzn 20 ./shredme/*.* for example, which overwrites all files with any file extension in the "shredme" folder. Then you can use the standard rm -rf ./shredme command to remove the folder itself (or just right click and delete the folder) as all the data has been overwritten 20 times for this example.

I did a quick example of this with a bunch of duplicate images as an example.


How do I remove rounded borders in GNOME Shell? Is there a way I can remove the rounded borders on the top left and right corners of windows on Gnome Shell? How can I do it?

From the ArchLinux Forum:

edit the css in /usr/share/gnome-shell/theme/gnome-shell.css
(the .panel-corner properties).

The credit goes to the forum user "gimmy". Refer to the original forum in the sources below if you would like to view the entire thread.

Source: ArchLinux Forum - https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=138403

There is a package called GNOME Tweak Tool sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool that allows you to make changes to the interface, and install new themes. You can find additional GNOME-Shell themes here, and perhaps other sites as well.


Kworker, what is it and why is it hogging so much CPU? I recently upgraded to the Kubuntu Natty Beta 1 and I've been having a lot of issues with the process kworker. At moments it uses almost half my CPU. Also, strangely enough it seems to affect my USB ports; whenever I plug in an USB drive, the process kworker goes into hyperdrive, leaving me unable to work.

I have thought about filing a bug but since I haven't even found any reasonable explanation on what kworker is I figured I should find out first.

"kworker" is a placeholder process for kernel worker threads, which perform most of the actual processing for the kernel, especially in cases where there are interrupts, timers, I/O, etc.  These typically correspond to the vast majority of any allocated "system" time to running processes.  It is not something that can be safely removed from the system in any way, and is completely unrelated to nepomuk or KDE (except in that these programs may make system calls, which may require the kernel to do something).

There were some reports of excessive kworker activity for relatively
idle systems starting during 2.6.36 development (example discussion), and wide reports of confusion and problems with 2.6.38 (although many of these reports include the word "Natty", so I presume these people not to have used any kernel between 2.6.35 (distributed in Ubuntu 10.10) and 2.6.38 (distributed in Ubuntu 11.04).

I've found many reports of something that "fixed" this for one or another user.  Most "fixes" seem to be related to updates of the kernel of various sorts.  Where the update can be tracked to a specific issue, it seems to often be some driver or kernel service that has been patched to not misbehave: I have the impression that there are a very large number of things in the kernel that can cause a behaviour which is observed as excessive kworker usage.

If you find the system unusable due to excessive kworker activity, I would recommend trying to do fewer things.  If you think you're not doing anything, try shutting down long-running services or timers (RSS readers, mail readers, file indexers, activity trackers, etc.).  If this doesn't work, try restarting.  If your system allows you to enable or disable hardware in a pre-boot environment, try turning off hardware you aren't using.  If it happens on every restart before you do anything, you could try uninstalling things, but at this point you'll want to be running syscall profiling tools to track down specific applications that seem to be causing this overload.

It is to be hoped that your specific system will stop expressing this behaviour with a future kernel upgrade (and many of the most common causes of this have been solved).

I think disabling Nepomuk can help you:

http://www.freetechie.com/blog/disable-nepomuk-desktop-search-on-kde-4-4-2-kubuntu-lucid-10-04/


Am I being served a beta release of 13.10? Today, I followed the instructions at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SaucyUpgrades (Ubuntu Desktops 13.04 to 13.10). When I got to step #6, the release notes popped up, and the first two lines said:

  Welcome to the Ubuntu 'Saucy Salamander' development release

  This is still a BETA release. Do not install it on production
  machines.

Is my system trying to get outdated files, or is is safe to ignore those notes?

The problem here is that the message has not been updated already. The files are the official 13.10 release but since the message still shows the previous text (when it was Beta) it shows like that to any users that tries to update.

The same thing happened with 12.10 to 13.04 and 12.04 to 12.10. If you do wait about a day (up to a week) the message should change to "Welcome to the Ubuntu 'Saucy Salamander'".

Give it time while the developers work on this "high priority" bug ;). It confused me too until I updated.

Always hashcheck downloaded isos from the official releases at releases.ubuntu.com.  The check will not only detect transmission errors but detect old or altered versions.

If the problem persists, the cause may be far in the past.  You cannot expect official updates to fix everything in an altered iso.


Amnesia just closes after I select New Game I have a laptop with Intel GMA 4500M integrated graphics, 4GB of RAM and a 2.2GHz dual core processor with Ubuntu 12.04 64-bit. I recently bought the Humble Indie Bundle 5 and I was able to install and play LIMBO, Bastion and Sword and Sworcery, I haven't installed Psychonauts yet and I have installed but unfortunately cannot play Amnesia.

I choose the lowest possible settings but when I start a new game it just closes on me. Any suggestions?

I will copy and paste my answer to a similar question that was here

  I was able to get my Intel Sandy Bridge working.

  First you need to have mesa-utils installed

  you need need the s3tc library installed, it allows the texture
  compression needed by mesa

  search for and install

libtxc-dxtn-s2tc0

  in the Software Center.

  If you card can support it, the game will launch. There are several
  quality selections in the launch window that comes up so you can try
  low if medium doesn't work. Medium works for me, I haven't tried High
  as Medium is very nice.

  I can tell you that apport seems to think that your gpu hangs so you
  may get the "System error encountered" box popping up but I had no
  hangs except when apport was gathering information and after I removed

  apport, apport-gtk, apport-symptoms

  I have been playing with no problems for the last 3-4 days. So if you
  can get it working you may have to uninstall those progrmas or disable
  apport to play without interruptions.

  If you tell the launch window for Amnesia to detect your card it will
  tell you it's unsupported but as I said it is working fine on my
  Intel.

If your video card will support Amnesia this fix should work.

Here is what a guy did to install the game:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMq0BWMOdgc


Calling unity in terminal breaks unity in X session I'm totally new at Ubuntu. I just installed Ubuntu 11.04 and it was working perfectly. I went to the terminal and typed unity, the screen went wild for a little while and then my desktop was the classic desktop which I hate. Now, how can I go back to unity?... I restarted and watched at the options in the bottom of the screen when I select my user name but there is non that says unity on it, I chose Ubuntu, since the others include Classic in its "description". I also went to the terminal, and typed unity again to see if I could revert it, and the same, but in the output, it was this:

unity-panel-service: proceso no encontrado //PROCESS NOT FOUND, i use Spanish
Backend     : gconf
Integration : true
Profile     : unity
Adding plugins
Initializing core options...done
//THE NEXT ROW REPEATES MANY, MANY TIMES, WITH MANY 0 IN THE LAST CHARACTER
Window created on XQueryTree, map state isViewable? 1
Initializing bailer options...done
Initializing detection options...done
Initializing composite options...done
Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: GLX_EXT_texture_from_pixmap is missing
Compiz (opengl) - Fatal: Software rendering detected
Compiz (bailer) - Info: Ensuring a shell for your session

... Unity was just working so great =(...

When you say "I went to the terminal", do you mean a virtual terminal inside of windows? or a real text terminal, like Ctrl-Alt-F1 or the like?

If you did the latter, then the normal way to get back to the existing windows desktop is to do Alt-F7 or F8 or which ever one X is running on.  Notice the control key is not needed when returning to X.

NOTE: I have never used or seen Ubuntu 11.x, still using 9.04 myself.

It looks like you're missing the --replace option - when you log in, press Alt-F2, then type "unity --replace" without the quotes in the box and press enter. If the box doesn't come up, try doing it from the classic session.


How can I do a clean reinstall from a bootable USB if I'm having my computer boot from it? Newbie here, trying to clean reinstall from USB. Not entirely sure what I did but either way want to start from scratch again. I have a bootable USB drive but can't seem to get my computer to boot into it?

When I installed Ubuntu I went for the full version, its on a laptop I don't use as my main computer and I couldn't stand windows 10!

As it stands I can't seem to get my laptop to boot using the USB (I'm guessing its quite easy but I'm missing something) currently getting a message about a package needing to be reinstalled but can't fond an archive, which has basically rendered the laptop unusable at the moment (apologies for any spelling mistakes using phone for all of this) any help would be massively appreciated!!

Ended up booting into GRUB and reordering priorities so that the USB would boot first.


USB memory stick not working any more I have one USB memory stick (FAT32) that I was using on Ubuntu. However, recently it does not mount when I put it into the USB port. Application "Disks" does not recognize it at all. However, when I start Windows, I can access my data and use this stick normally. Stick is 8 GB of size. When was under Windows, I preformed disk checkup, and everything is fine with the stick. But sticks does not work any more on Ubuntu.

Other sticks are still working normally on Ubuntu (I have one with 4 GB, and another of 2 GB).

Output of sudo fdisk -l:

Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x943c943c

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *          63   312560639   156280288+   7  HPFS/NTFS/exFAT
/dev/sda2       312561662   625141759   156290049    5  Extended
/dev/sda5       617332736   625141759     3904512   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6       312561664   617332735   152385536   83  Linux

Partition table entries are not in disk order

After some period of time (about 5 minutes of waiting) sudo fisk -l provided additional lines:

Disk /dev/sdb: 8074 MB, 8074035200 bytes
39 heads, 31 sectors/track, 13043 cylinders, total 15769600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0x04030201

Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2056    15769599     7883772    b  W95 FAT32

In order to open it again, I need to type this command and wait...

try this:

connect the USB memory stick

open a terminal and type sudo fdisk -l and wait until it finishes (the five minutes you're talking about).

when the "$" sign (and all the text behind it) shows up again type those in the terminal:

sudo mkdir /media/anything

then (when "$" comes again)

sudo mount -t vfat /dev/sdb1 /media/anything -o uid=1000,gid=1000,utf8,dmask=027,fmask=137

this should solve your problem!

...ofcourse you can replace the word "anything" by any word you like but be careful not to use spaces and to use the same word in both commands.

you can also look this up: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Mount/USB#

I had the same problem with one of my memory sticks.  I installed pmount

sudo apt-get install pmount

and then mounted it with

pmount /dev/stb1

and I was then able to use the stick.


Internal microphone not listed in sound settings On a fresh 12.04 installation in sound settings the internal microphone is not listed (worked upto 11.10).
Alsamixer shows that mic is "0" and muted, but after changing that it remains undetected in sound settings.

Any help? Could also be a bug (https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/alsa-driver/+bug/990211).

My microphone stopped working when I upgraded to 12.04 LTS.

I installed Pulse Audio Volume Control. One way to do this is:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol

Then:
Under the "Configuration" tab, selected "Analog Stereo Duplex".
Under the "Input Device" tab, pushed the mute button (which unmutes if muted).

Now my microphone works.

I resolve my problem in DELL Studio 1458 ALC665 ubuntu 12.04 with the suggestion on:
See here
Enjoy!


Files list file for package missing -- dpkg warning I want to install Open JDK or Oracle JDK to my machine but I got an error during installation. The error is:

Selecting previously unselected package oracle-java8-installer.
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-gourmet' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-guayadeque' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-gmusicbrowser' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-manpages' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-gdrive' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
dpkg: warning: files list file for package 'unity-scope-home' missing; assuming package has no files currently installed
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (2)

I searched on Google and try to something for install/reinstall this packages. Finally i try to remove Unity. I faced this error for my every tries. I am using Xmonad. How can I fix this issue?

One loop over the seven packages' names to recreate the list-file for each package.

But first run

sudo apt-get autoclean

to remove unneeded DEBs in /var/cache/apt/archives. This is necessary that the following commands work properly.

arch="$(dpkg --print-architecture)"
for p in
  unity-scope-gourmet unity-scope-guayadeque unity-scope-gmusicbrowser
  unity-scope-manpages unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks unity-scope-gdrive
  unity-scope-home
do
    find /var/cache/apt/archives -type f -name "${p}_*_${arch}.deb" -exec dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile {} \; -quit | tar t | cut -f2- -d. | sed 's|^/$|/.|;s|/$||' | sudo tee "/var/lib/dpkg/info/$p.list" > /dev/null
done
sudo chmod -R a+r /var/lib/dpkg/info

Some tests later, the command

sudo apt-get install --reinstall unity-scope-gourmet unity-scope-guayadeque unity-scope-gmusicbrowser unity-scope-manpages unity-scope-firefoxbookmarks unity-scope-gdrive unity-scope-home

should also help.

I tried it A.B.'s approach but i faced same error with unity-scope-devhelp. Then, i deleted /var/lib/dpkg/unity-scope-devhelp.list

It Works :)


Can't start apache2 with error "bus error" Does anyone know what cause my apache2 couldn't start properly in ubuntu?

I ran /etc/init.d/apache2 start

outputs

* Starting web server apache2 /usr/sbin/apache2ctl: \
        line 132: 29125 Bus error (core dumped)  \
        $HTTPD ${APACHE_ARGUMENTS} -k $ARGV Action 'start' failed. \
        The Apache error log may have more information.

I was getting (core dumped) when starting httpd because my /var/log partition was full.  Removing old/large apache logfiles allowed me to start the service without the specific error.


lspci returns "Cannot open /sys/bus/pci/devices/xxxxx/resource: No such file or directory" My Ubuntu 16.10 server VM in MS Azure (NV6 series) suddenly had a hickup for unknown reasons (none of my doing), I had to restart it and when it came back online I was no longer able to use the GPU on the machine.

The nvidia-smi application freezes.

The command lspci yields

lspci: Cannot open /sys/bus/pci/devices/7ec1:00:00.0/resource: No such file or directory

And of course, that path (no longer?) exists. What does exist is,

$: ls /sys/bus/pci/devices/
0000:00:00.0/    0000:00:07.0/    0000:00:07.1/    0000:00:07.3/    0000:00:08.0/    b717ec1:00:00.0/

Some googling yielded a few similar questions like mine, many of which has been asked in the last 24 hours, like this one.

This might be due to Ubuntu or Azure, I have no idea which is the source of this problem or how to solve it.

Anyone have any ideas?

I was having the same problem (using Azure NC24 instances) and after working at it for a few hours I found this post and decided to submit a support request to Microsoft. Here's what they told me:

  Canonical appears to have recently released kernel 4.4.0-75 for Ubuntu 16.04 and this is having an adverse effect on Tesla GPUs on NC-series VMs.
  Installation of the 4.4.0-75 breaks the 8.0.61-1 version of the NVIDIA CUDA driver that’s currently recommended for use on these systems, resulting in nvidia-smi not showing the adapters and lspci returning an error similar to the following:

  root@pd-nvtest2:~# lspci
  lspci: Cannot open /sys/bus/pci/devices/2baf:00:00.0/resource: No such file or directory

They suggest backing up the OS drive, running

apt-get remove linux-image-4.4.0-75-generic

and then

update-grub

Reboot and it should work! At the very least doing that fixed the lspci output for me, I still needed to fix some CUDA stuff but that's from earlier debugging attempts.

On Azure VM this seems to be an issue with LIS on RedHat 7.5
Update Azure LIS for the VM and it should fix the issue.

wget https://aka.ms/lis
tar xvzf lis
cd LISISO
sudo ./install.sh
sudo reboot


Overheating after installing ubuntu 18.04 I installed ubuntu 18.04 after that my laptop getting hot near touchpad.I installed tlp but it didn't help.

Getting hot near touchpad might mean your Hard Disk is overheating. It is more common in machines having 2GB or less RAM.

Step 1 (Decrease Swap Usage):

Open the Terminal and run:

sudo -i gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

Scroll to the bottom of the texts, create a newline and paste the following two lines:

# Decrease swap usage to a more reasonable level
vm.swappiness=10

Save the file and reboot the machine.

Step 2 (Enable HDD Spindown):

Download and open Disks (gnome-disk-utility) app.
Click the cogwheel icon on the top right and select "Drive Settings".

Active Standby. Grab the slider of the “Standby Timeout Setting” and increase it to 20 minutes. Click OK button and give password to authorize the operation.

Go to the next (APM) tab. Active “Apply Advanced Power Management Settings”. Make sure APM level is not more than 127.
Select OK and authorize the action using administrator password.

*

  Open The Case

*

> 1. Blow The Dust
> 2. Try To Open Diagnostics ( For Dell Users )
> 3. Try To Spin It ( For All )

If It Didn't Work Try Fixing The Fan


.xsession-errors file is huge. How can I disable? I have visited over 30 different forum questions about this very same issue but none of them have been able to point me in the right direction.

I don't care what is causing the issue.
I don't care what the error messages say.

I want to completely disable this from happening.

I don't want to disable all logging on my system just this .xsession-errors file.

I have tried the /dev/null thing it doesn't work. I made it read-only, just creates a new file .xsession-errors.jkhbjhjh. I even commented out the file generation in /etc/X11/xsession.

I'm running an ecommerce webserver that will be decommissioned in less than 90 days. I just need to keep the sites up long enough to get them all moved over to my new system. This log file is filling up my HDD 2 to 3 times a week rendering my webstores inoperable.

Just to be clear, I'd like to know how to disable .xsession-errors logging. I'm running Ubuntu 9.10 with gnome. I know it's no longer supported but again, this server is being decommissioned in less than 90 days it shouldn't matter.

There is a file called /etc/X11/Xsession.
Which will create the symlink to a tmp file.
IE. Starts on line number 61

ERRFILE=$HOME/.xsession-errors

# attempt to create an error file; abort if we cannot
if (umask 077 && touch "$ERRFILE") 2> /dev/null && [ -w "$ERRFILE" ] &&
  [ ! -L "$ERRFILE" ]; then
  chmod 600 "$ERRFILE"
elif ERRFILE=$(tempfile 2> /dev/null); then
  if ! ln -sf "$ERRFILE" "${TMPDIR:=/tmp}/xsession-$USER"; then
    message "warning: unable to symlink \"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\" to" \
             "\"$ERRFILE\"; look for session log/errors in" \
             "\"$TMPDIR/xsession-$USER\"."
  fi
else
  errormsg "unable to create X session log/error file; aborting."
fi

You can cp this Xsession file to Xsession.bak. Then go a head and point your ERRFILE to /dev/null IE. Line 83

exec >> /dev/null 2>&1

If you've tried this solution but found it to be unsatisfactory, then I would simply write a cron entry that deletes the file every hour.

crontab -e

Add the following entry:

@hourly rm -rf /path/to/xsession/files/.xsession-errors*

Quick and dirty, but functional!

If you want it to be even faster, just change @hourly to */2 * * * *.
This will delete the files every two minutes.


Where are the shapes in LibreOffice Draw? I haven't been able to draw anything useful on LibreOffice Draw. Where are the different shapes to make diagrams? All I can find are basic shapes that I would find on Microsoft Word (squares, circles, stars, arrows, etc). Will I be able to make more elaborate diagrams like a data flow diagram or a basic UML diagram?

If you're after a set of consistently styled isometric network equipment shapes (similar to the Visio ones) try these: http://www.vrt.com.au/downloads/vrt-network-equipment
(Creative Commons licensed, in the Fedora repos as and RPM as well).

Now also added to extensions.libreoffice.org and extensions.openoffice.org

Well they are here ;) So just add em ;)

http://extensions.libreoffice.org/extension-center/smart


Linux firefox error: Server not found Again. It was suggested that I create a new question so here it is.

I am trying to open firefox (this is happening with every browser, really) and it is giving me this error:

  (i) Server not found

  Firefox can't find the server at www.reddit.com

  Check the address for typing errors such as ww.example.com instead of www.example.com

  If you are unable to load any pages, check your computer's network connection.

  If your computer network is protected by a firewall or proxy, make sure that Firefox is permitted to access the web.

Reddit, of course, is just an example. Reddit isn't and wasn't down at the time, so that can't be the problem. I tested it with other sites such as nationstates.com, yahoo, google, etc.

Here is the network information that was given to me by the terminal and the wireless info script:

Wireless info - http://pastebin.com/MUKJ3Bwx

lspci - http://pastebin.com/6eKP1ik7

For the latest Ubuntu release, set your DNS servers to your modem IP and Google (8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4). This option is located in System Settings > Network on the  IPV4 tab. To add DNS servers, click on the small icon on the right of the DNS server field.

Firefox is a Web browser which gives users a cleaner interface and faster download speeds but there are problems like Firefox can't find server or unable to connect so t fix it you must make sure your modem and/or router are both on and not indicating errors,if using a wireless connection make sure you are connected to the right access point,your Internet security software is not blocking connections to the internet and address should be correct like www.example.com instead of ww.example.com.


How to open files from other machine running ubuntu I tried to take data from my pc to laptop. Both are using ubuntu 11.10 os. I googled and tried to connect both the systems. Now it is showing connected symbol. Dont know how to proceed further. I need to take data from my pc using this lan connection. Please provide me solution for this...

You can always try this:

On the folder you want to share, right click :

Check the Share this button

Say yes to install additional software
Finally, click on Create Share to share the folder; the folder’s icon will look like the following:

Now everything is done. To access the shared folder through other computers of the network, just open up Nautilus, in the left sidebar click on Browse Network then choose the name of the computer in which the folder is shared and you will see it.

Source

You can share folders through Ubuntu, or use a cloud solution like Dropbox. If you use Dropbox, all you need is an internet connection

Install Dropbox on your pc for example
Upload your files to your Dropbox folder,
Install Dropbox on your laptop
Retrieve your files in your Dropbox folder

A similar solution and a native one for Ubuntu is Ubuntu One, it's the same principle that Dropbox, but it's already installed on your Ubuntu. If you want to know how to do the same thing but using Ubuntu One there's an excellent guide here


How to open a PDF file from terminal? I used to work on the Mac terminal before and I used:

open file2open.pdf

and the PDF file would be opened on preview or whatever my default viewer was. When I use it in the terminal in Ubuntu I get this error message:

Couldn't get a file descriptor referring to the console

Most desktop environments (generic)

xdg-open file2open.xxx

GNOME (generic)

until Xenial (16.04):

gvfs-open file2open.xxx

starting with Artful (17.10):

gio open file2open.xxx

(xxx = some file extension). With this command the default app for xxx will be invoked (for example evince if you want to open PDF).

Application-specific

Using Evince, GNOME’s default document viewer:

evince file2open.pdf

Using Okular, KDE’s default document viwer:

okular file2open.pdf

You can define the following function in your ~/.bashrc

open () {
     read -p "Enter File Name: " ; xdg-open "$REPLY"
}


Ubuntu 18.04 - Safely remove/change a specific partition and allocate free space to root I have a dual boot setup. On the original disk I have Windows installed (on a uefi setup) ... and on a second drive ubuntu. It all works fine.

Yet, when I installed ubuntu on the second drive ... I manually defined the partitions. Basically I defined a swap partition, a / root partition (5GB) and a /home partition as explained in various tutorials. I allocated most of the space to the /home (90GB) partition though.

When working (me as a user with sudo priviliges) now ... it seems like all my stuff (Downloads, Projects, ...) is stored on the / root partition ... in the home folder. Which is fine with me if it is supposed to be like that. (Or like the web projects in the var folder.). But slowly I'm running out of space and I'm not even using the rest of the 90GB.

For what is the originally defined /home partition even for? And how can I savely redefine the partition size? My first thought now is to move more space to the / root partition.

When I run gparted ... the partitions are looked and I can't resize/remove them. See here:

Edit:

$ df /home

Filesystem  1k-blocks   Used        Available   Use%    Mounted on
/dev/sda5   1876072     8552072     9057344     49%     /

Edit 2:

$ df

Filesystem     1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
udev             1901092        0   1901092   0% /dev
tmpfs             386268     2100    384168   1% /run
/dev/sda5       18576072  8552616   9056800  49% /
tmpfs            1931340        0   1931340   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs               5120        4      5116   1% /run/lock
tmpfs            1931340        0   1931340   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0          3840     3840         0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/57
/dev/loop1         91648    91648         0 100% /snap/core/6130
/dev/loop2         35456    35456         0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/818
/dev/loop3         13312    13312         0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/103
/dev/loop4          2432     2432         0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/180
/dev/loop5          3840     3840         0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/51
/dev/loop6          2304     2304         0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/260
/dev/loop7        150912   150912         0 100% /snap/skype/66
/dev/loop9         13312    13312         0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/139
/dev/loop8         14976    14976         0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/45
/dev/loop10       133760   133760         0 100% /snap/postman/80
/dev/loop11        35584    35584         0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/319
/dev/loop12        89088    89088         0 100% /snap/core/4917
/dev/loop13        14848    14848         0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/37
/dev/loop14       144128   144128         0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/74
/dev/loop15       144384   144384         0 100% /snap/gnome-3-26-1604/70
/dev/sda2         524272     6228    518044   2% /boot/efi
tmpfs             386268       20    386248   1% /run/user/121
tmpfs             386268       96    386172   1% /run/user/1000
/dev/mnnlk1p4   60439548 20301204  40138344  34% /media/mark/98F46CVFG76D9D6E

Edit 3:

$ less etc/fstab

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
# / was on /dev/sda5 during installation
UUID=ad139b04-0cf2-5183-ccf2-fb90cc1ac2b1 /               ext4    errors=remount-ro 0       1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda2 during installation
UUID=6E9C-A4F3  /boot/efi       vfat    umask=0077      0       1
/swapfile                                 none            swap    sw              0       0
~
~
~
~
(END)

The home partition you've created does not appear to be mounted in the filesystem. Ubuntu will use the /home directory for all users' homes, so the 90G /dev/sda4 partition needs to be mounted there. Unfortunately the stuff that's already in /home needs to be copied over, and your system reconfigured to mount the /dev/sda4/ partition in the correct place.

First, create somewhere to mount your /dev/sda4 partition:

sudo mkdir /media/newhome/

Then mount the partition there:

sudo mount /dev/sda4 /media/newhome

Now copy all current homes to the current /dev/sda4 mountpoint:

sudo cp -aR /home/* /media/newhome

Now you need to edit the /etc/fstab file, which is responsible for mounting your partitions on system boot. Beware, this is a seriously important system file and ruining or deleting would be very bad!

Make a backup of /etc/fstab

sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.bak

Get the UUID of your partition, note this down for use in your next step:

blkid /dev/sda4

Now add a new entry into your /etc/fstab file with your preferred text editor using the UUID from the last command, make sure you're accurate with the UUID:

# Mount /dev/sda at /home
UUID=(put your UUID here) /home    ext4    defaults    0    2

Unmount your /dev/sda4 partition:

sudo umount /dev/sda4

Now check that the new /home mounts correctly:

sudo mount -a

If you issue df /home now the output should show that /dev/sda4 is the partition mounted there. After this, you should check that you have nothing missing from your relocated /home directory.

All that is left is to make sure it operates as you expect after a reboot. One thing to note is that you still have the same data stored in original /home on the root filesystem /, but you've now mounted /dev/sda4 over it, so cannot access it. In order to reclaim the space from / you would need to unmount /dev/sda4, delete the old /home and remount /dev/sda4. I would only do this once I'm entirely sure everything is as it should be and no files or functionality is missing.

To remove the old home directory, unmount the newly configured home partition:

sudo umount /dev/sda4

Delete the contents of the old home directory:

sudo rm -r /home/*

Remount /dev/sda4

sudo mount -a

Use your live USB, run Gparted from there, then resize your partitions.
First take some space from /home, then 'Apply All Operations', then add free space to your / root.


Could not resolve archive.ubuntu.com when reinstalling xorg I managed to uninstall xserver-xorg completely, and now all I see when booting Ubuntu is a blank screen. I've tried reinstalling it through shell prompt (recovery mode) but every time I get errors similar to

  Failed to fetch http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/x/xorg/xserver-xorg-input-all_7.6+7ubuntu7_amd64.deb Could not resolve 'archive.ubuntu.com'

I get similar (not exactly the same though) errors when running apt-get update or try to repair broken packages in recovery mode. It's not just acrhive.ubuntu.com which can't be resolved, it's also se.archive.ubuntu.com, repository.spotify.com, archive.canonical.com among others.

The Ubuntu desktop is not accessible, I can only make changes through the terminal in recovery mode, or through a bootable USB.

I'm running 64bit Ubuntu 11.10 with hybrid graphics (Intel HD and AMD).

I tried adding

  nameserver 8.8.8.8

to my /etc/resolv.conf file but it made no difference. Updating the hosts file like this didn't help either.

Running

  ping google.com

returns

  ping: unknown host google.com

It seems I'm not even connected to any network, I will start investigating this right now.

apt.log & sources.list

What should I do?

I had this problem.  It was because my wireless wasn't functioning for some reason while xserver wasn't running.  I had to do a wired connection, then it all worked fine.

The /etc/resolv.conf ineditable, to avoid DNS problem I had to add to /etc/hosts the ip of servers echo "91.189.91.23 security.ubuntu.com" >> /etc/hosts
echo "91.189.88.152 archive.ubuntu.com" >> /etc/hosts


How to get Wifi working on Ubuntu 16.10 I just installed Ubuntu 16.10 on a Lenovo P50.

During the installation, the wifi just worked.  The ethernet was not plugged in at this time, and all updates were via wifi.

As requested, the wifi info script was run and the results posted here:

http://pastebin.com/kkkYKJJw

Some bits are missing, as the machine is currently running Fedora.  If necessary I could boot Ubuntu Live to do other checks, but so far Fedora 25 is the only desktop distribution I had tried where both multiple displays and wifi work.

Following the install I plugged in the ethernet, and ran updates.
  sudo apt update

Now that Ubuntu is installed, I cannot get the wifi to work. The 'connect' button in the network manager is grayed out.

I have spent a couple hours trying to find a solution to this with no success.

Some new info:  I reinstalled Ubuntu 16.10. Curiously the Wifi did not work this time during the install.

So now I have rebooted into Ubuntu Live again, this time first unplugging the ethernet cable.

This time Wifi worked.  Somehow the presence of the ethernet connection is preventing the wifi from working.

lshw shows nearly the same output now,  the difference being that the wireless card is no longer disabled, and the MAC now appears.

# lshw -c network
*-network
   description: Wireless interface
   product: Wireless 8260
   vendor: Intel Corporation
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
   logical name: wlp4s0
   version: 3a
   serial: f0:d5:bf:1b:42:de
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list ethernet physical wireless
   configuration: broadcast=yes driver=iwlwifi driverversion=4.8.0-22-generic firmware=22.361476.0 ip=192.168.1.83 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes wireless=IEEE 802.11
   resources: irq:141 memory:d4d00000-d4d01fff

After going through the reboot sequence several times I find this behavior is inconsistent.  Sometimes the wifi will work, most times it does not.

Following are the drivers on the system.

# ls -l /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-8000C*
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1745176 Dec  1 19:56 /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-8000C-13.ucode.old
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2351636 Jul 12 12:33 /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-8000C-16.ucode
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2394060 Aug  9 06:08 /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-8000C-21.ucode
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2120860 Aug 15 07:40 /lib/firmware/iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode

PCI info

# lspci -nnk | grep Wireless
04:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 [8086:24f3] (rev 3a)
        Subsystem: Intel Corporation Wireless 8260 [8086:1130]

Network info

# lshw -c network
  *-network DISABLED
       description: Network controller
       product: Wireless 8260
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:04:00.0
       version: 3a
       width: 64 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress cap_list
       configuration: latency=0
       resources: memory:d4d00000-d4d01fff
  *-network
       description: Ethernet interface
       product: Ethernet Connection (2) I219-V
       vendor: Intel Corporation
       physical id: 1f.6
       bus info: pci@0000:00:1f.6
       logical name: enp0s31f6
       version: 31
       serial: c8:5b:76:53:a2:39
       size: 1Gbit/s
       capacity: 1Gbit/s
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi bus_master cap_list ethernet physical tp 10bt 10bt-fd 100bt 100bt-fd 1000bt-fd autonegotiation
       configuration: autonegotiation=on broadcast=yes driver=e1000e driverversion=3.2.6-k duplex=full firmware=0.8-3 ip=192.168.1.84 latency=0 link=yes multicast=yes port=twisted pair speed=1Gbit/s
       resources: irq:130 memory:d5800000-d581ffff

RFKILL

# rfkill list
0: tpacpi_bluetooth_sw: Bluetooth
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no
1: hci0: Bluetooth
        Soft blocked: no
        Hard blocked: no

When try to enable the interface:

# ifconfig wlp4s0 up
SIOCSIFFLAGS: Input/output error

Any help would be greatly appreciated.

Try making firmware version 22 unavailable. This can be done by renaming the file.

cd /lib/firmware
sudo mv iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode iwlwifi-8000C-22.ucode.disable


Can I see why a package is installed? For a specific package, can I find out why it is installed?

So, can I see or it's manually installed, or that it is installed as a dependency of another package? Or that it is installed as part of the distro?

A quick solution is to enter the following command in a terminal:

aptitude why $package

or, if you are only interested in the ultimate cause:

aptitude why $package --show-summary

Replace $package with the package's name, and you may need to install the aptitude package first.

Here is output you might get for aptitude why aspell --show-summary

Packages requiring aspell:
  inkscape

For more detail you would run aptitude why aspell. You can read the example output, below, as follows: "You manually installed inkscape, which requires libgtkspell, which requires libenchantic2a, which requires aspell". (i markers indicate installed packages; A markers indicate automatically installed packages.)

i   inkscape       Depends libgtkspell0 (>= 2.0.10)
i A libgtkspell0   Depends libenchant1c2a (>= 1.6.0)
i A libenchant1c2a Depends aspell-en | myspell-dictionary | aspell-dictionary | ispell-dictionary | hunspell-dictionary
i A aspell-en      Depends aspell (>= 0.60.3-2)

Finally, the following command

apt-cache rdepends --installed $package

lists the other packages installed on your computer that depend directly on $package. You can add the --recurse option to list all packages that depend directly or indirectly on it.

Here's a simple way that doesn't rely on aptitude, which 10.10 doesn't ship by default anymore.
Graphically
Open Synaptic and try to remove it.
If a dialog pops up asking you to delete other packages, those are the packages that (recursively) depend upon it.
From terminal
apt-get remove package_name_goes_here -s

Again, the packages that would be removed as a result are all those that (recursively) depend on it. (The -s parameter tells apt-get to not actually remove the package.)


How to create a clone of my OS? Today I ran into a irrecoverable problem by accidentally formatting my ubuntu drive, In future I don't want to face these kinda problems, So how can I have a clone of my OS (I mean with all the software I installed) so that if i run into a problem I can just somehow use the clone to get back my OS ? BTW in another post someone mentioned Remastersys , but their website says that the software will no longer be available.

any related tips also might help.

You can use default Ubuntu backup that comes with Ubuntu. Go to System settings -> Backup