How to keep specific old kernel on my next kernel upgrade? I just updated my Ubuntu 14.04 and got a new kernel. This new kernel is not working properly for me so I booted the previous version. Let's call this good old working version "3.13.0-24.47".

Now, I want to keep this "3.13.0-24.47" version until I decide to delete it manually. I want to be able to upgrade my kernel each time there is a new version in hope of getting the one which works again. Until then, I want to use the "3.13.0-24.47".

I'm afraid that next update will delete my "3.13.0-24.47" version because there are only two kernel versions available at a given time on my system (/boot).

I think you can be confident that your -24 kernel is not going to be overwritten, since the kernel version has been bumped to -27 now.

To be on the safe side, however, you can use any one of the methods described here to lock package linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic.

While Booting Press Shiftlong it's shows grub and boot from old kernel.

when loged in type Uname-ri will show to current kernel running in your system.
now type dpkg --list | grep linux-image it shall show all kernels in your system.
sudo apt-get purge linux-image-X.XX.XX.XX-generic replace x.xx.xxx with the kernel    which u want to remove.

REMEMBER:- Do not Remove current kernel.


Enable Drivers on Lubuntu? I installed the B43 Legacy drivers under the command-line using:

apt-get install firmware-b43legacy-installer

How do I enable the driver in Lubuntu? Ubuntu has System -> Administration -> Hardware/Additional Drivers. Where is the Lubuntu equivalent of this?

In Quantal, it is now in Preferences > Software Sources > Additional Drivers.

LXLE Menu -> Control Menu -> Hardware -> Driver Manager


How can I interrupt infinite waiting for networks in systemd boot? I use Ubuntu 15.10, 64 bit, desktop version with Unity.

After trying to configure my KVM virtual machine for bridged networking, the virt-manager created a corrupt interface configuration br1.

When I rebooted (without kernel parameter "quiet splash"), it stopped and showed two alternating messages in red. I can't remember the exact wordings, but both said something about "Waiting for network". one had a timeout of 2 minutes and vanished afterwards, but the other didn't and stayed there infinitely. I could only Ctrl+Alt+Del and reboot to select upstart from the GRUB menu's "advanced options for Ubuntu". That left me without any working keyboard, but this is another story...

Is there any way to terminate such locked and infinitely waiting boot processes?

(I managed to remove that corrupt interface configuration and can boot normally again. I am asking whether one can terminate/skip such waiting boot processes in general)

No cause its caused by a bunch of sleeps in the background contained in

/etc/init/failsafe.conf

If you know what you do, you may replace all these sleeps
with ones having a shorter timeout. As the file contains
(usually) a lot of comments, you should be guided in what you
are doing.

Some background notes: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/upstart/+bug/839595


Make Overlay Scroll Bars always on? I think the overlay scrollbars that come up in menus and the Nautilus file manager work really well, especially with my touchscreen (it doesn't allow gestures, rather bittersweet). I've found ways to disable them, but is there a way to do the opposite? Can I make them so that they always appear, regardless of my mouse position?

Thanks!

You have to disable the scrollbar overlay - which means they are always on. Add this to your ~/.profile:
export GTK_OVERLAY_SCROLLING=0

Did you try to uninstall the "overlay-scrollbar" package? It worked for me on xenial...

sudo apt-get purge overlay-scrollbar


Cannot open adobe reader on Ubuntu 12.10 64bits I downloaded AdbeRdr9.5.1-1_i386linux_enu.deb from the official website and installed it. Nothing wrong happened during the installation. But when I click Adobe Reader's icon, it has no response. Neither can I open a pdf file with Adobe Reader.

I checked that the package name is adobereader-enu:i386.

First Install  ia32-libs  package from ubuntu-software-center, then reinstall adobe reader.

if you have a 64bit system, do not forget to install also this package libxml2:i386

sudo apt-get install libxml2:i386

Otherwise, acroread will fail

acroread: error while loading shared libraries: libxml2.so.2: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

http://www.lorenzobettini.it/2012/11/install-adobe-reader-in-ubuntu-12-10-quantal-quetzal-64bit/


Cannot install from flash drive I am using a sony pen drive format FAT32 to burn the image of ubuntu 13 using Live USB creator. When i boot and choose the USB:HDD as the boot device - it brings a blank screen and a blinking cursor at the top. Nothing happens from then on. I have determined the problem to be with the Flash Drive using still another syslinux.cfg. What do I do?

First check integrity of .iso file that you downloaded with comparing md5sum.
 Use unetbootin to make bootable  flash drive.

im not sure what is live USB creator but its better to use a software called USB pen drive linux

a simple, quick and easy tool as 1,2,3

use the steps below to boot ubuntu installer using USB drive with easy way

firstly, as said, do integrity check, and then make a copy of all data on USB drive if any, and download this :

http://www.pendrivelinux.com/universal-usb-installer-easy-as-1-2-3/

install this program and run it, choose your ISO copy and some other options, and choose your USB stick and let it go

it will decompress the ISO into normal filea making it bootable

booting from the ISO itself wont since it will load only the first few files


WiFI not working on Asuspro laptop I am new on Ubuntu, and am running it off a pendrive on a Asuspro laptop. I cannot get the wireless to work, I cannot "enable wifi" even though I click on it.

I have read the other threads were others have similar problems, but they don't seem to work for me.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ rfkill list all
0: hci0: Bluetooth
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no
1: acer-wireless: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: yes
    Hard blocked: no
2: phy0: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ lspci
00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT DRAM Controller (rev 09)
00:02.0 VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Device 0a2e (rev 09)
00:03.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Haswell-ULT HD Audio Controller (rev 09)
00:14.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB xHCI HC (rev 04)
00:16.0 Communication controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HECI #0 (rev 04)
00:19.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation Ethernet Connection I218-V (rev 04)
00:1b.0 Audio device: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP HD Audio Controller (rev 04)
00:1c.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 1 (rev e4)
00:1c.2 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 3 (rev e4)
00:1c.5 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP PCI Express Root Port 6 (rev e4)
00:1d.0 USB controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP USB EHCI #1 (rev 04)
00:1f.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP LPC Controller (rev 04)
00:1f.2 SATA controller: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SATA Controller 1 [AHCI mode] (rev 04)
00:1f.3 SMBus: Intel Corporation Lynx Point-LP SMBus Controller (rev 04)
02:00.0 Network controller: Intel Corporation Wireless 7260 (rev 6b)
03:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTS5229 PCI Express Card Reader (rev 01)

Run in terminal

sudo modprobe -r acer_wmi
sudo rfkill unblock all

First of all, try to do an upgrade on your system:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
If it still does not work, try to see here:
https://askubuntu.com/a/331696/342147


Gamepad keyboard shortcut Assuming I know the "name" of the key of my gamepad, HOW:

How can I open Emulation Station by pressing that key in my gamepad, normally I type emulationstation in terminal and works of corse...

But I want with my gamepad...
And if possible only when Emulation Station is closed/down/off...

I already tried add that on System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Custom shortcuts; but don't let me input the shortcut with my gamepad key/button, only with "normal" keyboard keys

Any help will be appreciated

PS: I guess it will be with a script or with issue a command in terminal?

I was looking for the same thing! Maybe you can try AutoHotKey, though you might have to learn it a bit before using it.
Remapping a Joystick


Start a screen session inside LXD-managed container I'd like to start a screen session inside an LXD-managed container so that I could detach running processes and maybe re-attach in the future when I want to check on their status.

I tried to attach to the container running

$ lxc exec my-ubuntu -- /bin/bash

and then start a session with screen -x, but I get the following error:

Must be connected to a terminal.

I can see that many people have had a similar problem when trying to initiate screen from ssh, but I couldn't apply the suggested solution to my case.

For LXD using

lxc exec my-ubuntu -- sh -c "exec >/dev/tty 2>/dev/tty </dev/tty && /usr/bin/screen -s /bin/bash"

or

lxc exec my-ubuntu -- sh -c "exec >/dev/tty 2>/dev/tty </dev/tty && /usr/bin/screen -x"

or with any other screen switch.

The same for Docker
;)

docker run -it my-ubuntu sh -c "exec >/dev/tty 2>/dev/tty </dev/tty && /usr/bin/screen -s /bin/bash"

For me, the simple solution was to start screen on the host instead of in the container.

user@localhost:~$ screen
user@localhost:~$ lxc-attach -n yourcontainer
root@container:~# ./start-gameserver.sh
root@container:~# #Use "Ctrl+A:sessionname mygame<Enter>" to set a screen name
root@container:~# #and use the usual "Ctrl+A,D" to disconnect from screen
user@localhost:~$ screen -ls
There is a screen on:
    25418.mygame    (04/15/2019 11:41:56 PM)    (Detached)
user@localhost:~$ screen -r mygame
root@container:~# #etc.


Teamviewer cannot install on 13.10 - no teamviewerd I tried to install Teamviewer 8 on Xubuntu 13.10 after the first problems I tries this solution:

  Installed Teamviewer using a 64-bits system, but I get a dependency error

But that doesen't work either,  after trying (as root)

apt-get install libc6:i386 libgcc1:i386 libasound2:i386 libfreetype6:i386 zlib1g:i386 libsm6:i386 libxdamage1:i386 libxext6:i386 libxfixes3:i386 libxrender1:i386 libxtst6:i386
wget http://www.teamviewer.com/download/teamviewer_linux.deb
dpkg -i teamviewer_linux.deb

I get these messages:

Vorbereitung zum Ersetzen von teamviewer 8.0.20931 (durch teamviewer_linux.deb) ...
initctl: Unbekannter Auftrag: teamviewerd
Ersatz für teamviewer wird entpackt ...
teamviewer (8.0.20931) wird eingerichtet ...
initctl: Unbekannter Auftrag: teamviewerd

I guess in english:

initctl: unknown task: teamviewerd

After some apt-get upgrades during the last days, this seem to be fixed by now:

sudo service teamviewerd start

starts the deamon now and I can start teamviewer after that.

The strange thing is, that I have to start the teamviewerd now by hand each time I want to use Teamviewer (Before the upgrade Teamviewer could start right away)

Here's the actual solution

Here's what that page says:

Notes to Multiarch:
On newer 64-bit DEB-systems with Multiarch-support (Debian 7) teamviewer_linux_x64.deb cannot be installed because the package ia32-libs is not available anymore on these systems. In this case you can use teamviewer_linux.deb instead.

In case you get the error “wrong architecture i386” you have to execute the following command lines:

dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
For further information: http://wiki.debian.org/Multiarch/HOWTO

Basically, what they're saying (without saying it) is that, even though tthere's a package called "64 bit", it's not. So you have to install the 32bit one.


Combo wireless keyboard+mouse, Mouse is not working I bought this yesterday http://www.cdrking.com/?mod=products&type=view&sid=21638&main=167#.VdhuKN9_c8o. It's a mouse and keyboard with one usb receiver. The keyboard is working perfectly but not the mouse. You can see the product's information in the link. But I think this is the important info for the Mouse

- 2.4GHz operating frequency
- Free Switch CPI

I hope someone can help me with this.

After running lsusb with the receiver plugin. I got this.

Bus 002 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 001 Device 005: ID 0bda:0129 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTS5129 Card Reader Controller
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0cf3:3004 Atheros Communications, Inc.
Bus 001 Device 008: ID 1d57:fa60 Xenta // Missing when receiver is not plugged in
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 8087:0024 Intel Corp. Integrated Rate Matching Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub
Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0003 Linux Foundation 3.0 root hub
Bus 003 Device 003: ID 04f2:b35d Chicony Electronics Co., Ltd
Bus 003 Device 005: ID 17ef:6020 Lenovo
Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub

The difference when the receiver is not plugin is the Xenta Bus

I tried doing this, doesn't help.

sudo modprobe -rv psmouse
sudo modprobe -v psmouse

Edit 1

> xinput

⎡ Virtual core pointer                      id=2    [master pointer  (3)]
⎜   ↳ Virtual core XTEST pointer                id=4    [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Compx 2.4G Receiver                       id=13   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ Compx 2.4G Receiver                       id=14   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎜   ↳ SynPS/2 Synaptics TouchPad                id=17   [slave  pointer  (2)]
⎣ Virtual core keyboard                     id=3    [master keyboard (2)]
    ↳ Virtual core XTEST keyboard               id=5    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=6    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=7    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Power Button                              id=8    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Video Bus                                 id=9    [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Lenovo EasyCamera                         id=11   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Compx 2.4G Receiver                       id=12   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ Ideapad extra buttons                     id=15   [slave  keyboard (3)]
    ↳ AT Translated Set 2 keyboard              id=16   [slave  keyboard (3)]

Please let me know how can I give you more details.

Thank you!

This was the same case with me. I'd bought a combo keyboard and mouse, just like yours with a usb receiver. The first time I plugged it in, it was not working, the whole set.

Yet, your case looks a little bit different to me. Your keyboard is working but mouse is not. So, first, check if there is any hardware/manufacturing problem with the device. This is pretty common. It could be anywhere from battery issues to receiver problem.

Next, here are some more things you can do:-

Check if there is any need of drivers. Or, you could use the software and updates app in Ubuntu to install drivers for 3rd party.
Try plugging the device to another machine (windows or linux) . If it also does not respond, consider getting it replaced, it might be faulty.
Try to run a linux distro live (ubuntu or another one), and then check if the mouse works. This happened once. My mouse was not working with Opensuse, but on trying it with Fedora live, it worked seamlessly.

This is all I have as far the case of the mouse is concerned. I hope it helps you !

Have you tried this:

 gsettings set org.gnome.settings-plugin.cursor KEY=active VALUE=true

and it might work fine this way.


Ubuntu Lenovo bcm43162 WiFi Driver I want to install Ubuntu on my Lenovo z51 Laptop.
It has a Broadcomm bcm43162 Wifi Card.

When I boot into the Live CD, it doesnt have WiFi.
When I go into the terminal and try:

sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer

It installs succesfully, but I still dont have a network connection.

A year ago I've managed to get it to work on my Ubuntu partition, but it got corrupted and I've forgotton how I did that.

I've tried Linux Mint, Manjaro & Ubuntu but they all don't seem to work.

Edit: Someone suggested: Installing Broadcom Wireless Drivers

But I've already stated that when I try

sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer

Nothing happens. And I can't reboot since I used the Live CD, because I want it to work first before I format my main partition.

try this:

sudo apt install firmware-b43-installer
sudo apt install net-tools
sudo apt-get install --reinstall bcmwl-kernel-source

It work for me


sudo apt-get upgrade returns an error I am running Ubuntu 18.04 and every time I run sudo apt-get upgrade, I get this error:

dpkg-deb: error: tar subprocess returned error exit status 1

dpkg: error processing archive /var/cache/apt/archives/bsdutils_1%3a2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb (--unpack):

dpkg-deb --control subprocess returned error exit status 2
Errors were encountered while processing:
 /var/cache/apt/archives/bsdutils_1%3a2.31.1-0.4ubuntu3.4_amd64.deb

E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

In addition to this, when I try to install any .deb file with sudo apt install. I get this error:

Reading package lists... Error!
E: Sub-process Popen returned an error code (2)
E: Encountered a section with no Package: header
E: Problem with MergeList /home/paras/Downloads/code_1.37.1-1565886362_amd64.deb
E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened.

Please help.

You could try clearing the apt cache with

sudo apt-get clean

Update the package list

sudo apt-get update

Fix any incomplete installations

sudo apt-get -f install

sudo dpkg --configure -a

And finally

sudo apt-get upgrade

I am not sure if this is exactly what you need to solve your problem but you can give it a try.


Xubuntu/XFCE: Is it possible to have email notification in the system tray? The title says it all. I want to be notified in the tray.

Install xfce4-mailwatch-plugin. Then, right click on the panel, and choose Panel --> Add New Items

Click on Mail Watcher, and then on Add, and Close

Once done you'll see the icon on the panel.

Once done, right click on the icon, and choose properties, to be able to setup emails.

I had to install the package xfce-mailwatch-plugin.


Python app crash after sending command "GPIO.setup( 7, GPIO.OUT)"? Python app crash after sending command "GPIO.setup( 7, GPIO.OUT)" !!!

Action step:

pi@rp:~$ python3
Python 3.4.3 (default, Mar 26 2015, 23:09:09)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>
import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup( 7, GPIO.OUT)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
RuntimeError: No access to /dev/mem.  Try running as root!
exit()

Now with sudo :

pi@rp:~$ sudo python3
Python 3.4.3 (default, Mar 26 2015, 23:09:09)
[GCC 4.9.2] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
import time
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BOARD)
GPIO.setup( 7, GPIO.OUT)
           . . . python3 crash . . .
pi@rp:~$

syslog error report:

Jun  1 10:47:40 rp kernel: [ 1160.583861] Program python3 tried to access /dev/mem between 20200000->20201000.

Any help will be welcome. Tks.

Try unloading the gpio kernel module:

sudo rmmod w1-gpio

Which kernel are you using? It may have been built with CONFIG_STRICT_DEVMEM, which disallows access to "/dev/mem".

Note you can still access the GPIO pins via the sysfs interface, but to use something like RPi.

GPIO library, you'll have to ensure that setting is disabled.


Ubuntu 16.04 doesn't seem to see my gtx 1060 gpu Hi :) I've recently bought a new PC with Palit GeForce GTX 1060 6GB Dual video card. Unfortunately, it seems like Ubuntu has some problems with it. When I type "sudo lshw -C display", I get this message:

 *-display UNCLAIMED
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: NVIDIA Corporation
   vendor: NVIDIA Corporation
   physical id: 0
   bus info: pci@0000:01:00.0
   version: a1
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pm msi pciexpress vga_controller cap_list
   configuration: latency=0
   resources: memory:f6000000-f6ffffff memory:e0000000-efffffff memory:f0000000-f1ffffff ioport:e000(size=128) memory:f7000000-f707ffff

  *-display
   description: VGA compatible controller
   product: Sky Lake Integrated Graphics
   vendor: Intel Corporation
   physical id: 2
   bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0
   version: 06
   width: 64 bits
   clock: 33MHz
   capabilities: pciexpress msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom
   configuration: driver=i915_bpo latency=0
   resources: irq:124 memory:f5000000-f5ffffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:f000(size=64)

and when I go to "Additional drivers", I get this:
Unknown: Unknown. The device is using an alternative driver.

Disable Secure Boot in BIOS. With Secure Boot enabled proprietary drivers will never load. Then run in a terminal

sudo apt purge 'nvidia.*'
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers/ppa
sudo apt update
sudo apt install nvidia-367 nvidia-prime

The 367 driver is a recommended by Nvidia LTS driver.

The default drivers installed for the graphics card in Ubuntu is nouveau. This works fine for most of the times but at certain stages it is just not enough.
On the other hand ppa's can be an alternative solution but in the long run it may cause minor damages to hardware.

Solution

1) Download the official drivers from the Nvidia website.

2)Run the installer script as root user

sudo sh "driver name".run

3) Reboot the system


Custom Ubuntu gets stuck on LightDM I recently used Ubuntu Builder to customize the Ubuntu Mini Remix 12.10. I added Openbox, and some other stuff.

I also added a guest user so that the LiveCD wouldn't be running root. After this,, it made sense to install LightDM as well.

However, after building the LiveCD and running in VirtualBox, I chose the "Try Ubuntu without Installing" option, which gave me a LightDM screen. I tried to login in to the guest user (and entered the correct password) but it brought me back to the lightDM screen, and never on to Openbox.

How do I configure LightDM to not do this? Do I even need lightDM in the LiveCD? Help would be appreciated.

Thanks in advance.

EDIT: Never Mind. I fixed the problem by adding the line :

user-session=openbox

to the file /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf

I fixed this by adding this line to the file /etc/ligthdm/lightdm.conf:

user-session=openbox


Ubuntu disk will not mount Here is the error

Error mounting system-managed device /dev/sdb1: Command-line `mount "/mnt/287319a7-69ba-45b8-b8bf-e2fd4d6ea6f0"' exited with non-zero exit status 32: mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/sdb1,
missing codepage or helper program, or other error
In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try
dmesg | tail  or so

/dev/sdb1 disk will mount if you update your kernal.Run the below command on terminal to update linux kernal,

sudo apt-get install linux-generic

These errors are caused mainly due to bugs in the kernal.Updating your kernal will solve this mounting problem.

I am using Linux mint ver. 17.2, 32 bit:

I was getting the message

Error mounting system-managed device for DVDRAM............, exited with non-zero exit status 32: mount: wrong fs

where the DVD drive does not want to mount the disk

Updating the kernel did not solve my problem, however I applied the following:

I opened Disks > Select CD/DVD Drive > obtained drive details > /dev/sr0
went to File System > etc/fstab
opened `fstab' as root in text editor
went to /dev/disk/by-id/ata-HL-DT-ST_DVDRAM_GSA-H60N_K127AU81215 /mnt/ata-HL-DT-#ST_DVDRAM_GSA-H60N_K127AU81215 auto nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0
typed a # infront,
In the next line below I typed:

/dev/sr0/ata-HL-DT-ST_DVDRAM_GSA-H60N_K127AU81215
/mnt/ata-HL-DT-ST_DVDRAM_GSA-H60N_K127AU81215 auto
nosuid,nodev,nofail,x-gvfs-show 0 0

saved and closed.

Tried mounting the DVDRAM as read only > SUCCESS!


Overheating in an dual-boot system (windows 8+Ubuntu 14.04) Precisely, I would like to know if booting windows 8 through GRUB can affect in any way the global performance (CPU/GPU benchmarks, cooling efficiency etc...) in both Windows and Ubuntu 14.04 ...

I have noticed a huge performance drop in both OS since installing Ubuntu in dual boot mode (I had previously tested both Os separately on the same machine). Even in high Temp (+99°C) the fans don't seem to speed up (thus I don't think it's a hardware issue)

I'm using an Acer Aspire 5755G with legacy BIOS. I suspect GRUB since I have overridden acpi_os=default to acpi_os=linux, which got the backlight running.

DO NOT LEAVE GRUB OPEN! IT MIGHT CERTAINLY CAUSE MAJOR COMPONENT DAMAGE! IF YOU ARE ALTERING A GRUB BOOT COMMAND, BE PREPARED TO COMPLETELY FINISH THE ALTERATION AND BOOT BEFORE STOPPING; IF YOU ARE INTERRUPTED, TURN OFF THE COMPUTER IMMEDIATELY BY PRESSING AND HOLDING THE POWER BUTTON!

Figure out what you want to do in grub before you use it, just to be safe. This danger is caused by a poll loop.

An advanced understanding would be required to fix this: it is not editing TIMEOUT because that only works prior to user input: according to GRUB support, there is no current working method to fix this.

GRUB Has NOTHING to do with Overheating/Performance, GRUB Just Boot's up the Partition and Blows away, it's execution time Counted in seconds.

About the FAN Speed, Check BIOS Settings they might be reset which what happened to me at a time for unknown Reason, Also Try Restoring Defaults for BIOS.

Otherwise Check Your Drivers and make sure they are properly Installed and Up-To Date


Is swap area required? Can we install Ubuntu without a swap area? I bought a new Lenovo B50-80 laptop with 4GB RAM, 500 GB HDD preinstalled with Windows 7 Professional. I would like to install Ubuntu alongside the existing Windows 7. For that when I tried to create a new partition using the Disk Management, it is not allowing me to do it. I'm getting an error message that I cannot create more than 4 partitions. I was able to shrink the C: volume and create unallocated space. But the unallocated space is showing as unusable in Ubuntu installation.

I tried to do the following:

Copy / take back up of the Lenovo D: which has the Lenovo applications and Drivers. And delete the D:
Now, we have a new One unused partition of 25 gb unallocated space for installing the Ubuntu.

I tried to install Ubuntu in the unallocated space of 25gb. Since it is a single partition, Ubuntu is asking me to create another partition allocating 4gb for the swap area. When I try to do that, the remaining 21gb space is becoming unusable (Since, the Windows partition does not allow more than 4 partitions).

My question is can we install Ubuntu in the unallocated space of 25gb in a single partition? Is Swap area partition necessary? Can we install Ubuntu without a Swap area? Can Swap area be allocated as file space instead of a separate partition? What will happen if I install without a swap area?

No, you don't need a swap partition, as long as you never run out of RAM your system will work fine without it, but it can come in handy if you have less than 8GB of RAM and it is necessary for hibernation. For more information see this question: Do we still need swap partitions on desktop?

However, you can get around the 4 partition limit by creating an extended partition, and then creating a swap partition and a default partition (these "sub" partitions appear under the extended partition and are called "logical" partitions). This will be an option when you create your partitions in the installer. Check out this related question: My disk already has 4 primary partitions, how can I install Ubuntu?

Actually if you did its better. As others has said its ok. If you didn't unless you know that you won't run out of ram. But in case if you needed. You can reserve a pen drive to  the swap. Its simple through Gparted


New computer, already has Ubuntu I just now got a new computer today from a friend. I have researched all the posts on Google to try to find out how to reset the root password since I do not know it and cannot get ahold of him. Tried remounting, tells me it cannot find it. Tried going through the recovery menu, of course I get the error since it is in read-only. When I tried to go through the fdisk to get it into read-only, it said something about checked etc clean blocks and then sits there. I do not know what to do at this point. Any help would be appreciated

As you have physical access to your computer, try next:

In Grub boot menu press e.

Go to boot line and add at the end "rw init=/bin/bash" and press F10 to start boot - you will get root shell so you can change root password

If the computer has a root password set by default, then the vendor of the computer has installed Ubuntu wrong. (Details: Computer vendors need to install using the OEM install instead of the regular install.)

This is entirely the fault of the vendor of your computer.

All you can do is reinstall Ubuntu.

To do this, you need to create an installer DVD or an installer USB stick.

Then, start your computer from the DVD or USB stick. You can do this by pressing the "Select boot device" button on the startup screen of your computer.


What's the difference between <<, <<< and < < in bash? What's the difference between <<, <<< and < < in bash?

Here document
<< is known as here-document structure. You let the program know what will be the ending text, and whenever that delimiter is seen, the program will read all the stuff you've given to the program as input and perform a task upon it.
Here's what I mean:
$ wc << EOF
> one two three
> four five
> EOF
 2  5 24

In this example we tell wc program to wait for EOF string, then type in five words, and then type in EOF to signal that we're done giving input. In effect, it's similar to running wc by itself, typing in words, then pressing CtrlD
In bash these are implemented via temp files, usually in the form /tmp/sh-thd.<random string>, while in dash they are implemented as anonymous pipes. This can be observed via tracing system calls with strace command. Replace bash with sh to see how /bin/sh performs this redirection.
$ strace -e open,dup2,pipe,write -f bash -c 'cat <<EOF
> test
> EOF'

Here string
<<< is known as here-string . Instead of typing in text, you give a pre-made string of text to a program. For example, with such program as bc we can do bc <<< 5*4 to just get output for that specific case, no need to run bc interactively.
Here-strings in bash are implemented via temporary files, usually  in the format /tmp/sh-thd.<random string>, which are later unlinked, thus making them occupy some memory space temporarily but not show up in the list of /tmp directory entries, and effectively exist as anonymous files, which may still be referenced via file descriptor by the shell itself, and that file descriptor being inherited by the command and later duplicated onto file descriptor 0 (stdin) via dup2() function. This can be observed via
$ ls -l /proc/self/fd/ <<< "TEST"
total 0
lr-x------ 1 user1 user1 64 Aug 20 13:43 0 -> /tmp/sh-thd.761Lj9 (deleted)
lrwx------ 1 user1 user1 64 Aug 20 13:43 1 -> /dev/pts/4
lrwx------ 1 user1 user1 64 Aug 20 13:43 2 -> /dev/pts/4
lr-x------ 1 user1 user1 64 Aug 20 13:43 3 -> /proc/10068/fd

And via tracing syscalls (output shortened for readability; notice how temp file is opened as fd 3, data written to it, then it is re-opened with O_RDONLY flag as fd 4 and later unlinked, then dup2() onto fd 0, which is inherited by cat later ):
$ strace -f -e open,read,write,dup2,unlink,execve bash -c 'cat <<< "TEST"'
execve("/bin/bash", ["bash", "-c", "cat <<< \"TEST\""], [/* 47 vars */]) = 0
...
strace: Process 10229 attached
[pid 10229] open("/tmp/sh-thd.uhpSrD", O_RDWR|O_CREAT|O_EXCL, 0600) = 3
[pid 10229] write(3, "TEST", 4)         = 4
[pid 10229] write(3, "\n", 1)           = 1
[pid 10229] open("/tmp/sh-thd.uhpSrD", O_RDONLY) = 4
[pid 10229] unlink("/tmp/sh-thd.uhpSrD") = 0
[pid 10229] dup2(4, 0)                  = 0
[pid 10229] execve("/bin/cat", ["cat"], [/* 47 vars */]) = 0
...
[pid 10229] read(0, "TEST\n", 131072)   = 5
[pid 10229] write(1, "TEST\n", 5TEST
)       = 5
[pid 10229] read(0, "", 131072)         = 0
[pid 10229] +++ exited with 0 +++
--- SIGCHLD {si_signo=SIGCHLD, si_code=CLD_EXITED, si_pid=10229, si_uid=1000, si_status=0, si_utime=0, si_stime=0} ---
+++ exited with 0 +++

Opinion: potentially because here strings make use of temporary text files, it is the possible reason why here-strings always insert a trailing newline, since text file by POSIX definition has to have lines that end in newline character.
Process Substitution
As tldp.org explains,

Process substitution feeds the output of a process (or processes) into
the stdin of another process.

So in effect this is similar to piping stdout of one command to the other , e.g. echo foobar barfoo | wc . But notice: in the bash manpage you will see that it is denoted as <(list). So basically you can redirect output of multiple (!) commands.
Note: technically when you say < < you aren't referring to one thing, but two redirection with single  < and process redirection of output from <( . . .).
Now what happens if we do just process substitution?
$ echo <(echo bar)
/dev/fd/63

As you can see, the shell creates temporary file descriptor /dev/fd/63 where the output goes (which according to Gilles's answer, is an anonymous pipe). That means  < redirects that file descriptor as input into a command.
So very simple example would be to make process substitution of output from two echo commands into wc:
$ wc < <(echo bar;echo foo)
      2       2       8

So here we make shell create a file descriptor for all the output that happens in the parenthesis and redirect that as input to wc .As expected, wc receives that stream from two echo commands, which by itself would output two lines, each having a word, and appropriately we have 2 words, 2 lines, and 6 characters plus two newlines counted.
How is process substitution implemented ? We can find out using the trace below (output shortened for brevity)
$ strace -e clone,execve,pipe,dup2 -f bash -c 'cat <(/bin/true) <(/bin/false) <(/bin/echo)'
execve("/bin/bash", ["bash", "-c", "cat <(/bin/true) <(/bin/false) <"...], 0x7ffcb96004f8 /* 50 vars */) = 0
pipe([3, 4])                            = 0
dup2(3, 63)                             = 63
clone(child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7f6c12569a10) = 8954
strace: Process 8954 attached
[pid  8953] pipe([3, 4])                = 0
[pid  8953] dup2(3, 62)                 = 62
[pid  8953] clone(child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7f6c12569a10) = 8955
strace: Process 8955 attached
[pid  8953] pipe([3, 4])                = 0
[pid  8953] dup2(3, 61)                 = 61
[pid  8953] clone(child_stack=NULL, flags=CLONE_CHILD_CLEARTID|CLONE_CHILD_SETTID|SIGCHLD, child_tidptr=0x7f6c12569a10) = 8956
[pid  8953] execve("/bin/cat", ["cat", "/dev/fd/63", "/dev/fd/62", "/dev/fd/61"], 0x55ab7566e8f0 /* 50 vars */) = 0

The above trace on Ubuntu (which also implies on Linux in general) suggests that process substitution is implemented by repeatedly forking multiple subprocesses (so process 8953 forks multiple child processes 8954,8955,8956,etc). Then all these subprocesses communicate back via their stdout , but that is duplicated (that is copied) onto the stack of next available file descriptors starting at 63 downwards. Why start at 63 ? That may be a good question for the developers. It is known for a fact that bash can use fd 255 for saving file descriptors for the "main" command/pipeline  when its streams are redirected.
Side Note: Process substitution may be referred to as a bashism (a command or structure usable in advanced shells like bash, but not specified by POSIX), but it was implemented in ksh before bash's existence as ksh man page and this answer suggest.
Shells like tcsh and mksh however do not have process substitution. So how could we go around redirecting output of multiple commands into another command without process substitution? Grouping plus piping!
$ (echo foo;echo bar) | wc
      2       2       8

Effectively this is the same as above example, However, this is different under the hood from  process substitution, since we make stdout of the whole subshell and stdin of wc linked with the pipe. On the other hand, process substitution makes a command read a temporary file descriptor.
So if we can do grouping with piping, why do we need process substitution? Because sometimes we cannot use piping. Consider the example below - comparing outputs of two commands with diff (which needs two files, and in this case we are giving it two file descriptors)
diff <(ls /bin) <(ls /usr/bin)

< < will give an syntax error. Proper use is as follows:

Explaining with the help of examples:

Example for < <():

while read line;do
   echo $line
done< <(ls)

In the above example, the input to the while loop will come from the ls command which can be read line by line and echoed in the loop.

<() is used for process substitution. More information and example for <() can be found at this link:

Process substitution and pipe


command to check RAM slots in motherboard? I have a Samsung NP300e5Z i5 laptop. I am using Ubuntu 14.04 in this laptop.  my system RAM is 4GB and i want to increase it but i am not sure how many memory slots are available in my system. so, how to check

how many memory slots available?
how many slots my system is currently using?
what is maximum RAM size that I can increase to?

any suggestion will appreciated

You can use this command:

sudo lshw -class memory

It will give you an output like this:

 *-memory
       description: System Memory
       physical id: 33
       slot: System board or motherboard
       size: 4GiB
     *-bank:0
          description: DIMM [empty]
          physical id: 0
          slot: ChannelA-DIMM0
     *-bank:1
          description: DIMM [empty]
          physical id: 1
          slot: ChannelA-DIMM1
     *-bank:2
          description: SODIMM DDR3 Synchronous 1333 MHz (0.8 ns)
          product: AD73I1C1674EV
          vendor: Fujitsu
          physical id: 2
          serial: 43D30100
          slot: ChannelB-DIMM0
          size: 2GiB
          width: 64 bits
          clock: 1333MHz (0.8ns)
     *-bank:3
          description: DIMM [empty]
          physical id: 3
          slot: ChannelB-DIMM1

Here in my system I have 4 memory slots in which currently I am using only one slot. In other slots you can see it shows empty.

For maximum supportable memory use:

sudo dmidecode -t 16

or

sudo dmidecode -t memory

or

 sudo dmidecode | grep -i "Maximum Capacity:" | uniq

EDIT: more interactive way to see Slot use small script (suggested by Serg)

sudo lshw -class memory | awk '/bank/ {count++} END {print "You have " count " slots for RAM"}'

[Quick Answer]
I use by the command below:
sudo dmidecode -t 17

Out:
# dmidecode 3.0
Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs.
SMBIOS 2.7 present.

Handle 0x0009, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x0008
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: SODIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelA-DIMM0
    Bank Locator: BANK 0
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1600 MHz
    Manufacturer: Samsung
    Serial Number: 78111110
    Asset Tag: None
    Part Number: K4B8G1646B-MYK0
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz

Handle 0x000A, DMI type 17, 34 bytes
Memory Device
    Array Handle: 0x0008
    Error Information Handle: Not Provided
    Total Width: 64 bits
    Data Width: 64 bits
    Size: 4096 MB
    Form Factor: SODIMM
    Set: None
    Locator: ChannelB-DIMM0
    Bank Locator: BANK 2
    Type: DDR3
    Type Detail: Synchronous
    Speed: 1600 MHz
    Manufacturer: Samsung
    Serial Number: 22800022
    Asset Tag: None
    Part Number: M471B5273CH0-YK0
    Rank: Unknown
    Configured Clock Speed: 1600 MHz

[NOTE]:
You could also use the sudo dmidecode -t 16 to getting summarized detail.


Can't access Ubuntu installed through VMware "please wait for the graphical environment to launch" I have Windows 7 and I installed VMware 8.0.3 then I installed Virtual Ubuntu 12.04 through VMware, but when I open it I always get this message:

VMware is currently being installed on your system. Depending on the version of Ubuntu you may log in below and use the system during installation. otherwise, please wait for the graphical environment to launch

I have been getting this message for about 3 days. What is the solution please?
Thanks in advance

You should use newer version of VMWARE which is now available.

I thing it must be a problem due to installation of VMware tool for graphical interface.
So its better to connect the machine to the required server where you can get the VMware tool update. Once that will install you will successfully able to create the machine.

Else you need a bundle of required packages along with iso image if working in a standalone system.


No desktop after login? So I just installed Ubuntu Minimal 64bit and when I login it just leaves me on what looks like a command page that says jerric@Jerric-HP:~$. I don't have Windows anymore, I think. What do I do?

Edit: Don't bother, anymore. I'm just going to reset my computer back to Windows. Thanks for trying guys :)  Ill leave this up incase it helps anyone else.

Since you're using WPA you'll need to do this:

wpa_passphrase ESSID > wpa.conf  replace ESSID with that of your router

You'll then type in your passphrase and it'll generate a file similar to this wpa.conf in your current working directory:

network={
    ssid="myrouter"
    #psk="mypassphrase"
    psk=8ada1f8dbea59704ac379538b4d9191f6a72390581b4cd7a72864cea685b1a7f
}

next:
sudo wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -c/root/wpa.conf -B

remember to change /root/wpa.conf to your home directory

then request an IP address:
sudo dhclient wlan0

After that, update, and install a desktop

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop^

then reboot, and you should be good to go


Unable to connect to localhost in browser after installing XAMPP successfully I have successfully installed XAMPP 1.5.3 following this guide on Ubuntu 12.04 and it started with no errors.

$ sudo /opt/lampp/lampp start

Starting XAMPP for Linux 1.5.3a...
XAMPP: Starting Apache with SSL (and PHP5)...
XAMPP: Starting MySQL...
XAMPP: Starting ProFTPD...
XAMPP for Linux started.

But when I open http://localhost/ or http://127.0.0.1/ in Firefox I get the Unable to connect error.

After I turned out to be unsuccessful, I changed the port in httpd.conf as described here from 80 to 81 and attempted to open http://localhost:81/ and http://127.0.0.1:81/, but I got the same result.

Edit

The output of netstat -tlnp:

Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State     PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN          23369/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:21              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      23352/proftpd: (acc
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:53            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      20196/dnsmasq
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:631           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      929/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:631                 :::*                    LISTEN      929/cupsd
tcp6       0      0 ::1:44166               :::*                    LISTEN      23848/java

According to the output of netstat, the Apache webserver fails to open the listening port. You should download the newest version of XAMPP and follow the instructions on the site.

If XAMPP is ran with default configuration, the output  should look something like this:

whisperity@localdomain:~$ sudo netstat -tlnp
Active Internet connections (only servers)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address           Foreign Address         State       PID/Program name
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:3306            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5235/mysqld
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      5701/httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::21                   :::*                    LISTEN      22965/proftpd: (acc

first show ur c:/windows/prefetch find the file httpd.exe missing download to putit prefetch folder then msvcr100.dll file also missing in system32 folder so this also download to putit
installing wamp or xammp server u will get dialog box firebox want to default browser
click no.Then browse window shows find  explorer.exe click then press open button  on that window.then next and finsh.
work for fine.........
goodluck.


Ubuntu 16.04 error run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these I tried to upgrade using apt-get upgrade and got this error message:

insserv: Starting DbSecuritySpt depends on monit and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true!
insserv: Starting DbSecuritySpt depends on monit and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true!
insserv: Starting DbSecuritySpt depends on monit and therefore on system facility `$all' which can not be true!
insserv: exiting now without changing boot order!
update-rc.d: error: insserv rejected the script header
dpkg: error processing package util-linux (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1
Errors were encountered while processing:
 util-linux
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

If I tried to remove util-linux getting below error

root@e2e-34-223:~# apt-get remove util-linux
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these:
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-image-4.4.0-31-generic : Depends: initramfs-tools but it is not going to be installed or
                                         linux-initramfs-tool
                                Recommends: grub-pc but it is not going to be installed or
                                            grub-efi-amd64 but it is not going to be installed or
                                            grub-efi-ia32 but it is not going to be installed or
                                            grub but it is not going to be installed or
                                            lilo but it is not going to be installed
 linux-image-4.4.0-31-lowlatency : Depends: initramfs-tools but it is not going to be installed or
                                            linux-initramfs-tool
                                   Recommends: grub-pc but it is not going to be installed or
                                               grub-efi-amd64 but it is not going to be installed or
                                               grub-efi-ia32 but it is not going to be installed or
                                               grub but it is not going to be installed or
                                               lilo but it is not going to be installed
 policykit-1 : Depends: libpam-systemd but it is not going to be installed
 systemd : Depends: util-linux (>= 2.27.1) but it is not going to be installed
           Recommends: libpam-systemd but it is not going to be installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try 'apt-get -f install' with no packages (or specify a solution).

Run sudo apt-get -f install with no other parameters. That should fix the problem.

The issue occurred because you tried to upgrade packages which depend on others, but those aren't going to be installed. Therefore, the dependencies haven't met and the installation fails.

If you want to perform package updates (no operating system upgrades), it's best to do it via the Update Manager (based on my experience). It's the safest and easiest way.

You might try what is recommended in command output - run apt-get -f install alone and repeat the process with upgrade again.

But generally, I have a bad experience with upgrade command - it just does not works all the time. Personally, I prefer to use configuration tools such as Ansible and reinstall Ubuntu with every new version completely while keeping an old version of the system in a cloud (such as AWS) just to be sure nothing goes wrong.

By the way, I really recommend you to use LVM snapshots on root partition before trying upgrade command just in case something goes wrong.


Installed Ubuntu, partitions not visible Today I installed Ubuntu 15.10 from USB. I formatted entire 1000GB HDD and created 2 partitions, one of 750GB, and the other of 250GB.
The problem is, I can't find them anywhere.

Typed lsblk in terminal and got this:

dario@PUNISHER-PC:~$ lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0 931,5G  0 disk
├─sda1   8:1    0 698,5G  0 part /home
└─sda2   8:2    0   233G  0 part /
sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

So partitions are there but I can't access them as on Windows. Is that normal or what? I don't have them listed here even:

Would expect them to be there.
Even GParted is showing them, don't know what is the problem.

Help?

Screenshot look completely normal. Under Linux default mountpoints (/home, /boot, /root etc.) aren't shown like on Windows.

All files that you write in your home directory (downloads, documents, videos..)  go to sda1.

sda2 is root partition in your case, so to put files there just copy them in /root directory. But it's not recommended to use /root partition for regular files, it's mostly for system only.

You are looking at your user's home directory /home/your-username-here/

Try Računalo (computer) instead on the left hand side. That will list / and /home.


Recover data when Ubuntu 14 crushed My situation is the following. I had Ubuntu 14 installed on this machine, which stopped responding. (Precisely: After a suspension it refused my password for a few times and it refused to shut down. After forcing the shut down I restarted it but there was no OS on the machine anymore.)

I burned Ubuntu 16.04 LTS on a USB-stick and I'm now in the "try mode", the reason I'm not immediately installing is that I would like to recover the data I had on the previous system. But, I don't seem able to do so. Indeed:

My hard drive was partitioned into

/dev/sda and /dev/sdb, but Disk utility only sees /dev/sda.

On the other hand GParted sees both the partitions, but when I try to recover data it says that I need gpart. If I try

sudo apt-get install gpart

the outcome is

  Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree        Reading
  state information... Done Package gpart is not available, but is
  referred to by another package. This may mean that the package is
  missing, has been obsoleted, or is only available from another source

  E: Package 'gpart' has no installation candidate

(I already upgraded and updated apt-get)

I then tried to move to Testdisk, but if I try to install it

sudo apt-get install testdisk

the outcome is

  Reading package lists... Done

  Building dependency tree

  Reading state information... Done

  E: Unable to locate package testdisk

And if I now try to update apt-get

sudo apt-get update

the outcome is

  Ign:1 cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial InRelease

  Hit:2 cdrom://Ubuntu 16.04.1 LTS Xenial Xerus - Release amd64 (20160719) xenial Release

  Hit:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease

  Get:5 http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-security InRelease [102 kB]

  Get:6 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB]

  Fetched 204 kB in 0s (464 kB/s)

  ** (appstreamcli:31465): CRITICAL **: Error while moving old database out of the way.

  AppStream cache update failed.

  Reading package lists... Done

Overall I feel pretty much stuck. Is there a way I can install gpart or testdisk? Is it possible that a malicious virus already deleted all my data after kicking me out of the way? What could be the causes why apt-get is not working?

Thank you very much for your time!

Instead of using gparted you can use the command line application fdisk or cfdisk.

If the second partition really happens to be not present, I assume you need to use some recoverytools as for example foremost. I recommend to take the problematic drive out of the computer if possible and plugg it into another computer, since you will need free space as much as at least your lost data was.

edit:

One thing I noticed to what you wrote in 1.

/dev/sda and /dev/sdb are drives. Each of them can be partitioned by itself. the partitions are named /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 or /dev/sdb1 and so on.

So you had two drives on the system.

I'm not sure what you mean with

  GParted sees both partitions

since the named paths were drives not the partitions on the drives.

sudo fdisk -l /dev/sdX (replace X for a or b) should list you the partitions on the drives.


Attempting to setup Ubuntu 12.04 SSH Server: -bash: /etc/hostname: Permission denied Attempting to setup an SSH-server running Ubuntu 12.04. Went to "HowToForge" to scout for potentially advanced or knowledgeable advice upon how to accomplish this, then I ended up running into a problem; off of one of their "Perfect Server Setup" how-to's, naturally taking advantage the distro mentioned above. Regardless, I am hitting a point where the instructions want me to echo the following command to /etc/hostname:

echo server1.example.com > /etc/hostname

...then the following error is thrown:

-bash: /etc/hostname: Permission denied

Great, don't know why, I should have administrative privileges. Then I tried to see whether /etc/hostname is writable via lsattr, and I get:

-------------e- /etc/hostname

Last time I checked, this implied that my file was not immutable.

In either case, what is happening, and what am I doing wrong? Want to setup a "secure" server, and all I read are a bunch of snarky comments online that grant little to no assistance for my needs; or anyone else's for that matter. Too many elitist mentalities bouncing around I guess. In either case, I would absolutely appreciate it if anybody could shed some light on this dilemma. Thanks in advance.

You'll need administrative privileges to edit a file which is not owned by you. To execute the command echo server1.example.com > /etc/hostname, you will have to do the following:

sudo -i

enter your password if you are the administrator or if you are not, ask the administrator to enter the password

and then

echo server1.example.com > /etc/hostname

Try:

sudo echo server1.example.com > /etc/hostname


Disable Automatic Monitor Configuration Currently I have three monitors configured in an AMD Eyefinity setup with the Radeon HD 6670, which works well. Unfortunately, whenever one of monitors enters standby mode (or is turned off) my other monitors enter Cloned desktop mode, and have to be reconfigured to my One large desktop setup in amdcccle.

Since I need to be able to turn off my monitors to get rid of the annoying blinking blue lights, I can't avoid the monitors being removed from my display setup.

I've also noticed that if I turn off all of my monitors, Xorg will use 100% of my CPU, and will become unresponsive (even to the point where I cannot kill it). The only way to unlock my machine is to reboot.

Is it possible to disable automatic monitor detection so that changes are not made when monitors become unavailable to the system?

For users using the gnome2 desktop environment: Choose System -> Preferences -> Power Management and set put display to sleep to never. This will address the issue with Xorg using 100% CPU and allows you to turn off your monitors.


Prevent LiveCD using existing swap partition I have an existing installation with a swap partition, and I want to boot a Ubuntu 10.04 Desktop LiveCD without using the swap partition. I want to avoid using the swap partition so that I can resize it and other partitions.

If you're using an Ubuntu Live CD, you can disable the use of the swap partition trough the Partition Editor (GParted) by right-clicking the swap partition, and selecting swapoff.

This should allow to to resize the partition.

I was wrong, and the Live CD does use an existing swap partition. There is no noswap cheat code listed (I tried the noswap cheat code anyway, but the swap was still used).

I'm stumped on how to prevent using swap at boot time, but for repartitioning purposes the other posters suggested how to turn the swap off.

ubuntu@ubuntu:~$ swapon -s
Filename    Type        Size     Used   Priority
/dev/sda5   partition   225272   0      -1


System Monitor -Network History shows activity when internet not being used I noticed that the system monitor's network history shows activity when I am connected to the wifi, even when I am not using my browser. Is there a way I could see which applications are using the network and kill them?

open a terminal and type  . netstat -a
yo can save the command output by using netstat -a > /home/user/folder/file.txt


Skyrim with PlayOnLinux audio is choppy I've been playing The Elder Scrolls V on Ubuntu 14.10 with wine (PlayOnLinux). There's a problem with the audio that makes everything choppy and fuzzy. Everybody's voices sound super-gravelly and there's a constant static in the background. I've tried changing my windows version, changing all of the default sound devices, to no avail. I also play terraria with PlayOnLinux, but that sound is fine. How can I fix this?

I've had the same problem but not 100% sure how I fixed it ..

2 ideas comes to my mind ..

use "windows xp" as desktop config in wine

in Configuration : Wine : configure : tab audio .
try to find the best "out" device that fits your pc configuration
and also verify u're not in 5.1 mode if you only have stereo sound output.

with nivdia : For perfomance to avoid frames Hiccups : in display : Try "gls support" "disabled"

hope it helps

I guess it was just a problem with that PlayOnLinux installer. I realized that I had other windows games on steam that I wanted to try on steam, so I just installed steam with PlayOnLinux, and all of my games from there. Now Skyrim's audio is great. It was like a whole new world after ages of fuzziness. :)


Help with wireless internet drivers I have tried doing all the research and trial and error that I could on my own but with no avail.

So can anyone out there help me?
I cannot get my Broadcom b43 wireless adapter to register with Ubuntu. I even tried the steps here, but with no luck. So if someone can help me or at least point me in the right direction I would be grateful.

lspci -nn:
00:00.0 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Host Bridge [10de:02f0] (rev a2)
00:00.1 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 0 [10de:02fa] (rev a2)
00:00.2 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 1 [10de:02fe] (rev a2)
00:00.3 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 5 [10de:02f8] (rev a2)
00:00.4 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 4 [10de:02f9] (rev a2)
00:00.5 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Host Bridge [10de:02ff] (rev a2)
00:00.6 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 3 [10de:027f] (rev a2)
00:00.7 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 Memory Controller 2 [10de:027e] (rev a2)
00:02.0 PCI bridge [0604]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge [10de:02fc] (rev a1)
00:03.0 PCI bridge [0604]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 PCI Express Bridge [10de:02fd] (rev a1)
00:05.0 VGA compatible controller [0300]: NVIDIA Corporation C51 [GeForce Go 6150] [10de:0244] (rev a2)
00:09.0 RAM memory [0500]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Host Bridge [10de:0270] (rev a2)
00:0a.0 ISA bridge [0601]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 LPC Bridge [10de:0260] (rev a3)
00:0a.1 SMBus [0c05]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 SMBus [10de:0264] (rev a3)
00:0a.3 Co-processor [0b40]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 PMU [10de:0271] (rev a3)
00:0b.0 USB controller [0c03]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 USB Controller [10de:026d] (rev a3)
00:0b.1 USB controller [0c03]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 USB Controller [10de:026e] (rev a3)
00:0d.0 IDE interface [0101]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 IDE [10de:0265] (rev f1)
00:0e.0 IDE interface [0101]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Serial ATA Controller [10de:0266] (rev f1)
00:10.0 PCI bridge [0604]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 PCI Bridge [10de:026f] (rev a2)
00:10.1 Audio device [0403]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 High Definition Audio [10de:026c] (rev a2)
00:14.0 Bridge [0680]: NVIDIA Corporation MCP51 Ethernet Controller [10de:0269] (rev a3)
00:18.0 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] HyperTransport Technology Configuration [1022:1100]
00:18.1 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Address Map [1022:1101]
00:18.2 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] DRAM Controller [1022:1102]
00:18.3 Host bridge [0600]: Advanced Micro Devices [AMD] K8 [Athlon64/Opteron] Miscellaneous Control [1022:1103]
03:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN [14e4:4311] (rev 01)
07:05.0 FireWire (IEEE 1394) [0c00]: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C832 IEEE 1394 Controller [1180:0832]
07:05.1 SD Host controller [0805]: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C822 SD/SDIO/MMC/MS/MSPro Host Adapter [1180:0822] (rev 19)
07:05.2 System peripheral [0880]: Ricoh Co Ltd R5C592 Memory Stick Bus Host Adapter [1180:0592] (rev 0a)
07:05.3 System peripheral [0880]: Ricoh Co Ltd xD-Picture Card Controller [1180:0852] (rev 05)

lshw -C network: PCI (sysfs)

SCSI
  *-network
       description: Network controller
       product: BCM4311 802.11b/g WLAN
       vendor: Broadcom Corporation
       physical id: 0
       bus info: pci@0000:03:00.0
       version: 01
       width: 32 bits
       clock: 33MHz
       capabilities: pm msi pciexpress bus_master cap_list
       configuration: driver=wl latency=0
       resources: irq:19 memory:b3200000-b3203fff

rfkill list: 0: hp-wifi: Wireless LAN
    Soft blocked: no
    Hard blocked: no

The Broadcom STA driver wl is incorrect for your device. Please get a temporary ethernet connection and do:

sudo apt-get remove --purge bcmwl-kernel-source
sudo apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Reboot, detach the ethernet and your wireless should be working.

After a clean install of Xubuntu, I plugged in my ethernet cable and did the following:

open terminal

sudo apt-get update

Then after that finishes up, go to settings and see what is in the additional drivers for use. In my case, it had additional drivers for my Broadcom, i checked the radio button, applied it and rebooted. That was it. I didnt see additional drivers until i had a wired connection and ran apt-get update. They then appeared. Hope this helps.


How to install Gee Tee Dee (Lightweight Task manager) Official site

When i download the .deb file and open it with software center it says dependencies not satisfied...

Had the same problem. You can download the libnotify1 package here

Then run in a terminal

sudo dpkg -i filename.deb.

to install Gee Tee Dee.


Problem logging in even though password is accepted I am logged in as user_a. I created another account user_b with root privileges using the following steps:

sudo -s
useradd user_b
passwd user_b
>sum_passwd
sudo adduser user_b admin

After which I rebooted and tried to login as user_b but after typing the password, I see momentary darkness and then the login screen again. This does not happen if I try to type some incorrect password, as I am prompted immediately. I can login just fine to the guest_account and user_a but the newly created user_b is causing problems.

How do I fix this?

you used a password that is the same as the username? If so, I believe that Ubuntu doesn't like this. If not, have you checked the useradd GUI that ships with Ubuntu to ensure that user_b is listed?


Is FFmpeg missing from the official repositories in 14.04? I tried to install ffmpeg in trusty/Ubuntu 14.04 and got the following message:

$sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package ffmpeg is not available, but is referred to by another package.
This may mean that the package is missing, has been obsoleted, or
is only available from another source

E: Package 'ffmpeg' has no installation candidate

Why isn't the package available?

Latest news

WEB UPD8: FFmpeg Returns To The Official Ubuntu Repositories With Ubuntu 15.04 Vivid Vervet

FFmpeg and libav

libav from the Ubuntu repositories

Ubuntu started shipping the libav fork instead of FFmpeg in recent releases. If you installed the ffmpeg package, then you actually installed the libav-tools package and a program that told you to use avconv instead of ffmpeg in the future, giving the impression that ffmpeg is deprecated, which it is not.

The transitional ffmpeg package seems to have been removed from trusty/Ubuntu 14.04 (compare the package files listing for saucy and trusty of the source package).

So one option is to install the libav-tools package and use avconv instead (NB that this is not "mainline" FFmpeg but a prominent fork instead).

FFmpeg from a PPA on Launchpad

Another option is to use a PPA that provides FFmpeg.  Please have a look at the FFmpeg download page for details of available PPAs and packages. You should check individual PPAs every once in a while if they are still up to date.

Related questions:

Are PPA's safe to add to my system and what are some "red flags" to watch out for?

Install from source

Another option is to install FFmpeg dependency packages, then manually compile+install it from source.

Use static builds

While it may look a bit awkward from the packaging perspective, you could also use any static build from trusted sources. In my case I keep FFmpeg Windows 32-Bit and 64-Bit binaries along with x264-10-Bit binaries in a folder to run them in Wine or Windows whenever I need to.

  The following is what I could find, when researching this topic. I haven't been following the development of both projects closely and it is not my intention to blame anyone. You as a reader shouldn't do either.

How did the fork happen?

Wikipedia states that the forked project as well as the initial release were announced on  March 13th 2011, however there is a bit more that was going on.

Digging through Git commits

18 Jan 2011 - commit f4f5cab94e0881cd30965b28f3d78d9c63d6918e

The FFmpeg project leader Michael Niedermayer is removed from the MAINTAINERS file.
27 Jul 2011 - commit 6291d7e41605c0b1e9debfae8a2b1d4cf7b0e0b3

avconv is introduced:

  Make a copy of ffmpeg under a new name -- avconv.

  It will be further developed with a few incompatible changes.

  ffmpeg.c will stay as is for some time, so any scripts using it won't be
  broken.

27 Jul 2011 - commit 791a86c37a03b94207bc2d0ad4cbe7f39d7e495a

A warning is added to the forked version of ffmpeg.c source code, that may be misleading to users who haven't noticed about the fork and that they are not using FFmpeg anymore.
12 Jan 2012 - commit 0fec2cb15cc6ff1fcc724c774ec36abadcb7b6ad

ffmpeg.c is removed from the source code.

Official announcements on libav.org

The following posts are from the news section (with the oldest in last):

  August 09 2011

  Updated on 12.09.2011.

  For consistency with our new name we have renamed ffplay to avplay,
  ffserver to avserver and ffprobe to avprobe. Their behavior is the
  same, just the names were changed.

  With ffmpeg (the command line tool) we decided to use this opportunity
  to fix some longstanding usability problems, which involves breaking
  compatibility. Therefore we have added a new tool named avconv which
  is based on ffmpeg, but has a different (hopefully more powerful and
  easier to use) syntax for some options. ffmpeg will be kept in its
  current state for some time, so no scripts or frontends using it will
  break. However it will not be developed further.

  Differences between avconv and ffmpeg are:

  [...]

  Note that the avconv interface is not considered stable yet. More
  incompatible changes may come in the following weeks. We will announce
  here when avconv is stable.

And earlier in 2011:

  Mar 18, 2011

  We have just pushed another point release from our 0.6 release branch:
  Libav 0.6.2. This is another maintenance-only release addressing two
  security issues.

  From now on, we will be using our new project name libav. But don't
  worry, compared to the preceding release 0.6.1, the only functional
  changes are the two security fixes for the VC1 and APE decoders. This
  means that libav provides a painless drop-in replacement for existing
  FFmpeg installations.

  Moreover, we are proud to accompany this source release with
  executables and libraries for the win32 platform. These binaries
  include H.264 encoding using the bundled x264 library. Enjoy!

  Distributors and system integrators are encouraged to update and share
  their patches against our release branches.

  Mar 17, 2011

  We have just pushed another point release from our 0.5 release branch:
  FFmpeg 0.5.4. This is another maintenance-only release that addresses
  a number of security issues.

  Distributors and system integrators are encouraged to update and share
  their patches against our release branches.

  March 13, 2011

  We, as a group of FFmpeg developers, have decided to continue
  developing FFmpeg under the name Libav. All existing infrastructure
  will be transferred to the libav.org domain.

  Website: http://www.libav.org/
  Git: git://git.libav.org/libav.git (see http://libav.org/download.html)
  FATE: http://fate.libav.org/
  Roundup: https://roundup.libav.org/
  Patchwork: http://patches.libav.org/
  Mailinglists: http://lists.libav.org/ (developer list: libav-devel@libav.org)

  You can update your git repository using the following command:

git remote set-url origin 'git://git.libav.org/libav'

  For now we are still reachable over FFmpeg's mailing lists and IRC
  channels but we will migrate to libav.org counterparts. For a
  transition period both the website and source might still contain
  references to FFmpeg. These will disappear over time, except where
  historically relevant.

  February 24, 2011

  FFmpeg development has moved to Git, and the SVN repository is no
  longer updated. The SVN repository may be removed in a near future, so
  you're recommended to use a Git repository instead.

  The last revision committed to SVN was r26402 on 2011-01-19 and
  replaced the svn:external libswscale with a standalone copy.

Note that FFmpeg development has in fact moved to a Git repository by now and that there are two Git repositories. See the corresponding projects download page.

First install avconv:

$ sudo apt-get install libav-tools

Then create a soft link to avconv named ffmpeg:

$ sudo ln -s /usr/bin/avconv /usr/bin/ffmpeg

Now you can use ffmpeg normally.


Grub Won't Even Come Up after Upgrade to 14.04 Dual Boot Win8 I'm running a Toshiba Qosmio V1.32002.

I have had a dual-booted Win8/Ubuntu 13.10 traditionally, and I recently upgraded to 14.04.

When I start my computer, the grub bootloader doesn't even pop up and goes straight to starting up Win8. Any idea as to how I could go about bringing my Ubuntu back from the dead here?

Disable windows 8 "safe boot" and more like them.
You can download and burn boot-repair cd (worked for me) - https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Boot-Repair#A1st_option_:_get_a_CD_including_Boot-Repair

I found something that might help.  Look into UEFI options at boot-up from Ubuntu.  Windows 8 requires this option to be turned on in your computer's TOSHIBA BIOS settings.  Windows 8 won't boot without it, but there's a special way to handle it in GRUB.

You should also try a Boot Repair after you have looked into the Ubuntu UEFI forums.

You should also try the Ubuntu Boot Repair CD.

Good luck!

I'm sorry I couldn't provide any more links.  Apparently I need to build my reputation before I can. But if you Google the keywords in Italics you should be able to find them without a problem.


Deciding Partitions and Sizes on Ubuntu 11.10 (dual-boot Windows 7) I need some advice for a dual boot configuration Windows 7 - Linux Ubuntu 11.10
Specifications: 2.7 GHz AMD Athlon 7750, 3 GB RAM, 1000 GB HDD: 100 Gb allocated to Windows 7 (I use large number of programs) - already used two primary partitions (100 GB and 100 MB Windows - partition made by him) of a maximum of 4 primary partitions on HDD

Linux ?

I want to make separate partitions:
/ - I think it should be primary, 5 GB enough?
swap - primary or logical ? 1GB enough ? (the system has 3 GB)
boot - 300 MB ? Primary - logical? (however there are only four primary partitions of which 2 are taken from Windows)
usr - install programs, considering the large number of programs use on windwos, 40 GB  enough for linux ? (space is 1000 GB HDD)
tmp - size ? I know it's for temporary files
var - size ? I think it is similar to tmp but for: FTP, sites, server
home - use a lot of multimedia files, 150 - GB is enough ?
win / linux shared data - this partition I want for storage data between Windows and Linux, I think the solution is NTFS because FAT32 not support files larger than 4 GB and most movies are DVD (4.7 GB)

Help me for deciding correct partition and sizes. If you believe that more partitions(dev, lib, srv .... ) are needed let me know.

Thank you !

PS: format file for linux best is ext 4 or ext 3 ?

OK first of all use ext4 filesystem

next

'/' 5GB perfect (could be increased to 10GB if a number of different softwares need to   be  installed)
swap partition do it as follows it should be between 25% to 50% of your RAM size.
/tmp and /var don't make any partitions let them be integrated within /
(or as you wish)
/home must be a separate partition as this will be handy in case of system upgrade
(again size depends on you)
Shared drive as you wish (NTFS is the best option)

The swap partition should be at least the size of your RAM.
Normally I set it 2x of my RAM size.


How do I make my systemd service run via specific user and start on boot? I just upgraded from Ubuntu server 14 to version 15. I had trouble getting my upstart script working after the upgrade, and read that systemd is the new default. I'm far from a linux expert, so please go easy on me :-)

Here is what my upstart script was before:

description "NZBGet upstart script"

setuid robert
setgid robert

start on runlevel [2345]
stop on runlevel [016]

respawn

expect fork

script
    exec nzbget -D
end script

pre-stop script
    exec nzbget -Q
end script

Based on the upstart to systemd wiki page, I used the tables provided there to map things as closely as I could in my new systemd service file:

[Unit]
Description=NZBGet Service

[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/nzbget -D
ExecStop=/usr/local/bin/nzbget -Q
Restart=on-failure

This file is located at /home/robert/.config/systemd/user/nzbget.service. To start the service manually, I've been doing:

$ systemctl --user start nzbget

This works great. However, when I log out of my SSH session, the service shuts down. Also, it does not start on bootup or user login. I want it to behave the same as it did as an upstart service: I want it to start at boot, run constantly, and as a specific user.

What do I need to do to get this configuration?

First problem

You can specify the directives User= and Group= in the [Service] section of the unit file.

Second problem

To make the service run on boot, you should not put it in your home folder. Instead, put it under /etc/systemd/system/. This is the folder meant to be used by the system administrator (i.e. you) to add new system-wide services.

Other folders include:

/usr/lib/systemd/system/ is meant for packages which want to install unit files, though under Debian and Ubuntu the folder is actually /lib/systemd/system/ because the various bin and lib folders have not been merged into a unified /usr/ prefix yet.
/usr/local/systemd/system/ is for installing units by locally compiled packages.

Testing the unit

Once the unit file is in an appropriate location, you can try starting the unit immediately by typing systemctl start <UNIT_FILENAME> as usual. It should work without having to type the unit's full path. The extension also doesn't have to be specified if it's .service.

Enabling the unit

Before you can enable your unit, you need to add an [Install] section, under which you should add the directive WantedBy=multi-user.target. This directive specifies the stage of the boot-up process during which the service should be started (if it were enabled). multi-user.target is appropriate for most services.

Once that information is added, you can use systemctl enable <UNIT_FILENAME>, which enables the unit, making systemd from now on automatically start it during boot up at the specified stage.

You might be interested in using systemd's user lingering functionality. It is enabled via loginctl enable-linger USERNAME.

It causes a separate service manager for the respective user being started at boot, so your user-defined units in ~/.config/systemd/user will be picked up and processed at boot and shutdown times according to your service configuration.

You can also use systemctl --user for managing and configuring the service(s), which will operate on your user's service manager, not the one of the system.


How Do I upgrade Docker I type docker.io version, and get:

Client version: 0.9.1
Go version (client): go1.2.1
Git commit (client): 3600720
Server version: 0.9.1
Git commit (server): 3600720
Go version (server): go1.2.1
Last stable version: 0.11.1, please update docker

I follow that with an apt-get update, then either: apt-get upgrade, or apt-get upgrade docker.io, but all it gives me is:

docker.io is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.

I'm running Ubuntu 14.04 (trusty) 64bit server.

EDIT: I think I used a script in this Post comment to install docker (since it purported to allow me to just type docker instead of docker.io)

Suppose it is Ubuntu Trusty (14.04) release, which has 0.9.1 officially

Update again in 2017/03/07 to reflect to the changes in new release, see https://blog.docker.com/2017/03/docker-enterprise-edition/

Official guideline is here Install docker for Ubuntu, old release had different package name.

docker.io: is used to be very old version in default ubuntu repo (can skip here)
docker-engine: is used before release 1.13.x
docker-ce: since 17.03

for docker-engine

# add the new gpg key
$ sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://p80.pool.sks-keyservers.net:80 --recv-keys 58118E89F3A912897C070ADBF76221572C52609D
# add new repo
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
  "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"

Then you can smoothly upgrade to latest docker version

$ sudo apt-get update

# remove the old
$ sudo apt-get purge lxc-docker*

# install the new
$ sudo apt-get install docker-engine

And in the case that you don't want to install latest package then you can do something like below.

$ sudo apt-get install docker-engine=1.7.1-0~trusty

for docker-ce

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
$ sudo add-apt-repository \
  "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) \
  stable"
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce

You also can download the docker.io 0.11.1 .deb file from Launchpad and install.

wget https://launchpad.net/~docker-maint/+archive/testing/+files/docker.io_0.11.1%7Edfsg1-1%7Eppa1%7Etrusty1_amd64.deb

sudo dpkg -i docker.io_0.11.1~dfsg1-1~ppa1~trusty1_amd64.deb


Everywhere bootable USB key (full install)? I've installed UBUNTU on a USB key (not a live installation but a full installation instead with encryption) and I can successfully boot the key from standard laptops.
What I haven't been able to do is to boot the same key on a MacBook.
I know MacBooks and new generation laptops use UEFI specifications, so I've tried to create a partition in which I've install rEFInd boot manager.
I am able to see the partition when booting from a MacBook but then I get some errors and I cannot proceed any further.
I am aiming to have a full linux installation on a USB key that I can boot anywhere (especially MacBooks).
Does anybody know if this is doable and how can be done?

I think it isn't possible. Full installation of an OS is strictly connected to the hardware on which is installed.

Consider a live USB key with persistence, it isn't like an installed OS but it permits to save and store files.


Hardware accelerated Flash Player? Possible Duplicate:
  How do I fix Flash issues?

According to Adobe statements they gave up support for hardware acceleration in newest flash player for linux :( Is there any other dev/alpha/beta version of flash player which enables hardware acceleration in Ubuntu 11.10?

If you have nvidia card, install drivers and vdpau files and you will have h/w with flash.


Cron Wont Run - Ubuntu Server 14.04 So I've created a backup script that tar's up files, rsyncs them to a remote server, and removes the tar afterwards. I've manually tested the file and it runs, however I cannot get it to run via cron.

Script Details:

-rwxr-xr-x 1 root   root    792 Sep 21 18:44 backup.sh

Crontab Details:

* 04 * * * sh /home/user/scripts/backup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1

Syslog Output:

Sep 23 16:25:01 user CRON[15244]: (root) CMD (sh /home/user/scripts/backup.sh >/dev/null 2>&1)

I've attempted to run just /home/user/scripts/backup.sh without the sh in front also, however it gives the same syslog output.

Any help on this is appreciated. Without any real details in the syslog, I've run into a roadblock.

The command is running since you're seeing it in syslog. I imagine you don't have a hashbang at the top of your shell script, are using bash syntax while running the job in sh, or are using a non-fully-qualified path (using just echo instead of /bin/echo). There's this answer to that problem:
https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/94456/how-to-change-cron-shell-sh-to-bash

Try to restart cron service.

/etc/init.d/crond start

and then check your process running or not.


How can I get my Xbox 1 remote to work with 19.10? I have recently gotten an Xbox remote to work on a Raspian using xboxdrv, but when I try to activate it on Ubuntu, I get an error message that says:

Failed to enable unit: Unit file xboxdrv does not exist.

The package xboxdrv is available in the Universe repository. You can find it by searching packages.ubuntu.com.

There is no need to add a PPA, nor should you add a PPA when software is available in Ubuntu repositories.  To install this package, simply open a terminal and run the following commands:

sudo apt update
sudo apt install xboxdrv

You have to install xbox driver for linux called xboxdrv. Info: https://xboxdrv.gitlab.io/

Try:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:grumbel/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install xboxdrv


"32-bit libraries not found on this system" when trying to install the Intel C++ Composer I am installing Intel C++ Composer (Non-commercial version) for Linux with x32 and x64 target. During installation i get the warning message:

Step no: 4 of 6 | Options > Missing Optional Pre-requisite

32-bit libraries not found on this system.
This product release requires the presence of 32-bit compatibility libraries
when running on Intel(R) 64 architecture systems. One or more of these libraries
could not be found:
  libstdc++ (including libstdc++6)
  glibc
   libgcc
Without these libraries, the compiler will not function properly.  Please refer
to Release Notes for more information.

I have installed

ia32-libs

but it didn't solve the issue. I have installed

libstdc++

and regardless to it, it cannot be found anyways.
Any ideas how to solve this?

The first thing you can try is ignoring this message and continuing to install anyway, which is actually the default option. I did this and it seemed to work, although I haven't thoroughly tested it.

Another possibility is downloading the version that is intended for intel64. I believe you are getting this message because what you are trying to install includes both 32-bit and 64-bit functionality, but you really only need 64-bit. Go back to the same download page, but click this package instead:

l_ccompxe_intel64_2013.1.117.tgz

Direct link (requires login)

I tried this too, and it installed without any warnings or errors.

install g++-multilib

sudo apt-get install g++-multilib


Normalizing Video Volume using avconv I have a collection of videos, in the .mkv and .mp4 (AAC+H.264) formats. The .mkv files are ok, but all the .mp4 files have such a low volume that I can hardly hear it on my phone, even when volume is maxed.

I convert them using avconv so they're smaller for my phone. It works fine, but I have not yet found out how I can normalize the volume on all the .mp4 files so they match the .mkv files.

Just raising the volume alone would be a great achievement.

I've just been searching for a similar problem and used this solution from SuperUser

Basically, just extract the audio from the file as wav, run normalize-audio on it and then re-encode it as aac and remux.

I just wrote this quick script to do it:

VIDEO_FILE=$1
VIDEO_FILE_FIXED=${VIDEO_FILE%.*}-fixed.${VIDEO_FILE##*.}
avconv -i $VIDEO_FILE -c:a pcm_s16le -vn audio.wav
normalize-audio audio.wav
avconv -i $VIDEO_FILE -i audio.wav -map 0:0 -map 1:0 -c:v copy -c:a libvo_aacenc \
   $VIDEO_FILE_FIXED

Put it in a file like normalize.sh, then run bash normalize.sh file_to_convert.mp4.  You'll get a file out file_to_convert-fixed.mp4.

You might want to tweak the normalize-audio command to just raise the volume by some dB with the -g siwtch, or use another command entirely.  I saw aacgain and wavegain mentioned elsewhere.  normalize-audio is in the package normalize-audio, funnily enough.

Hope this helps you.

In OpenShot you can increase the volume of a video by 150%.


No sound through headphones while speakers work fine System details: http://www.alsa-project.org/db/?f=ca96b1ad9d7f3d393a59566f0ca6b8ea765be023

I've tried everything I could find, asked on the IRC channel for help. I didn't get too far. After 5 hours of trying, I managed to get some low volume, distorted sound from my headphones. (My built-in speakers still work fine).

Any related details are included in the link pasted above.

The "sound" started coming form the headphones after I set every possible value in the alsamixer to the highest number and added the following code to the alsa-base.conf file :

options snd-pcsp index=-2
alias snd-card-0 snd-hda-intel
alias sound-slot-0 snd-hda-intel
options snd-hda-intel model=laptop
options snd-hda-intel position_fix=1 enable=yes

FIXED IT: for anyone else having the same problem, I got it to work.
Edit the snippet of code I've posted in my original post into your alsa-base.conf file. (type gksudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf into a terminal)

Fully shut-down your computer and start it up again. Rebooting won't do it. Your headphones should now work.

This sounds characteristic of a broken headphones jack.  It's a broken piece of hardware.  Buy a USB sound card if you want headphones, or take it somewhere to be fixed (unless you're good with a soldering iron).


Trying to shut down pc but Hi I have a laptop with Ubuntu 16.10 dual-booted with Win7. So when I choose the option to shut the menu comes up but then it freezes like I can't choose anything but I can move my mouse around and open applications but I ccannot type please help!!
Ok I found out what was going on I had to use the arrows and click enter to reboot or shutdown but I dont want it like that, so is there a way I could use the mouse instead of keyboard?

Try the following command to force a system shutdown:

sudo shutdown -h now

This problem that you are experiencing might be a bug. You could report it here: https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/unity. You will need to create an Ubunut One account for this. The will most likely ask you to run a few commands to get sufficient debugging information.


How to read package description or man page without installing? How can I get information about a package before installing it, from the terminal?

I mean something like man pages, but accessible even before the package is installed.

dman Retrieves Manual Pages
In practice, viewing a package's brief description (as mchid suggests) is usually what you'll want to see, to decide if you want the package. However, if you like you can view a manpage provided by a package that has not yet been installed, using the dman utility.
dman is provided by the bikeshed  package. You can install that in the Software Center, or with sudo apt-get install bikeshed.
Then use dman like man.
dman is a script that retrieves manual pages over the Internet and displays them, so you have to be connected to the Internet to use it successfully. (But you probably are, because in your specific scenario you're about to install a package.) It also often runs slowly, so be prepared to wait several seconds.
If dman's database doesn't have your release, you can specify another.
Due to a bug dman doesn't work right on some releases of Ubuntu. For now you can get around the problem by viewing another release's version of the manpage you want (this workaround was suggested by Marius Gedminas in a comment on the bug report). You use the adjective part of the codename, in all lower case (e.g., precise from 12.04 Precise Pangolin, trusty from 14.04 Trusty Thar). For example:
ek@Io:~$ dman sl       # doesn't work on Vivid, produces no output
ek@Io:~$ dman --release trusty sl

SL(6)                            Games Manual                            SL(6)

NAME
       sl  -  display animations aimed to correct users who accidentally enter
       sl instead of ls.

SYNOPSIS
       sl [ -alFe ]

DESCRIPTION
       sl Displays animations....
Alternative: Browse Manual Pages with a (Text-Based) Web Browser
Of course, you can also simply browse the manpages on the web. If you want to do this from the command-line, you can use a text-based web browser.
If you like, you could even define a function in .bashrc so you have a command that opens up a text-based web browser and searches for the term passed as its argument:
wman() { links2 "http://manpages.ubuntu.com/cgi-bin/search.py?q=$1"; }

For that particular function definition to work, the links2  package must be installed. It will cause the wman function to be defined automatically in each newly created interactive shell, but not in shells that were started before .bashrc was edited (you could simply run the function definition in those shells, though).
Then I can search for manual pages, and select between pages in different sections of the manual, for whichever Ubuntu release's version of the manual I like:
ek@Io:~$ wman chmod

                                            Ubuntu Manpage: Searching (p1 of 2)
                                 Ubuntu manuals

   _____________________ go

   +------------------------------------------------------------------------+
   |  lucid      precise    trusty     utopic     Section Description       |
   |  10.04 LTS  12.04 LTS  14.04 LTS  14.10                                |
   |  chmod(1),  chmod(1),  chmod(1),  chmod(1),  (1) - Executable          |
   |  chmod(1)   chmod(1)   chmod(1)   chmod(1)   programs or shell         |
   |                                              commands                  |
   |  chmod(2),  chmod(2),  chmod(2),  chmod(2),  (2) - System calls        |
   |  chmod(2)   chmod(2)   chmod(2)   chmod(2)   (functions provided by    |
   |                                              the kernel)               |
   |                                              (3) - Library calls       |
   |  chmod(3)   chmod(3)   chmod(3)   chmod(3)   (functions within         |
   |                                              program libraries)        |
   |      .          .          .          .      (4) - Special files       |
   |                                              (usually found in /dev)   |
   |                                              (5) - File formats and    |
   |      .          .          .          .      conventions eg            |
   |                                              /etc/passwd               |
   |      .          .          .          .      (6) - Games               |
   |                                              (7) - Miscellaneous       |
   |      .          .          .          .      (including macro          |
   |                                              packages and              |
http://manpages.ubuntu.com/

In my Opinion you can't read the documentation without installing the package. when you install any specific package you may have noticed some additional files also gets installed one of which is named as 'man-db' or something similar.

This 'man-db' actually contains the manual documentation about the package.

but you can see some basic details of the package by

apt-cache show <packagename>


Changing ownership of home folders Okay, so I have a bit of a self-created problem.  We were running out of space for SVN, so I moved our home folders to a new (much bigger) partition.  This seemed to work fine at first, and SVN itself seems to be working no problem, as do file shares and so on... except I can no longer log in to Gnome.

When I log in, I get a message telling me .dmrc can't be locked, and that the home folder must be owned by the user with 644 permissions.  That sounds straightforward enough, so I log into an the fail-safe terminal to fix it.

Logging in, I can see that the home folders are owned by root now (I assume this was a by-product of when I copied them).  For some reason though, changing the owner with chown always tells me it's an invalid operation.  Even if I use sudo I get that message.

I've tried changing both ownership and permission on these folders and neither is working for me.  Help?

I'm trying this:

sudo chown -R username /home/username

To flesh out the answer a bit, you may want to look at chown's man file before you do anything, but to change the owner of all files in /home/user, you'd do:

chown -hvR user /home/user

where "user" is the name of the owner you want to change it to.

Try this:

sudo su -

chown -R username:username /home/username/


How to remove icon of uninstalled app? I'm using Ubuntu 18.04.1, the other day I installed Ark from the Ubuntu Software app but ended up uninstalling it after a couple minutes because it wasn't working well.

Recently I noticed that the icon is still there so now I'm wondering how to remove it. Thanks in advance!

the standard places where *.desktop-Files are stored are:

/usr/share/applications/ and

~/.local/share/applications/

To check if there is an ark in these folders I'd in a Terminal (Ctrl+Alt+t) do a:

ls -la /usr/share/applications/ | grep -i 'ark' and

ls -la ~/.local/share/applications/ | grep -i 'ark'

if so I'd delete it with sudo rm <pathtofile>/<*.desktop-file>, sudo is not necessary when deleting the file in your home folder.

Afterwards, or even if there is no arc*.desktop-File I'd do a forced update to my menu via:

sudo xdg-desktop-menu forceupdate --mode system

If you're command-line challenged, you could:

Position the cursor over the unwanted icon.
Hold down the Right mouse button. This will bring up a menu.
Scroll down to "Move to Trash", and release the mouse button.


How do we run a script on logout of unity on ubuntu 20.04 (focal fossa) I have Ubuntu 20.04 installed with Unity Desktop only. No default Gnome. In this desktop on pressing the logout button I want to run a python script. One example of this is given in Script Execution at user logout (non root user), but this works in Python2 and Focal Fossa doesn't have Python2. I tried to port this script to Python3 which I couldn't.

Can you show us a way to make this script work in Python3 which is default in Focal Fossa? Or where can we start to write it from scratch?

If your login shell is bash you should be able to add your commands to ~/.bash_logout.


Dual boot with windows 7 no boot options I used a live cd to install ubuntu 12, it went well and told me to remove the install device and reboot.
But it just boots win7, i get no option to launch ubuntu.
If there are more informations needed, i'll provide them.

Sounds like you need a boot loader or manager. I have always screwed up dual boot, and have had great success with rEFInd. http://www.rodsbooks.com/refind/index.html


Ubuntu and Windows on one hdd drive Lately was the release of Ubuntu 14.04. I was using 12.04 on my laptop but it was installed with wubi installer. I tried to search for a wubi with 14.04 but didn't find it. Can Is there a way to install 14.04 alongside Windows 7 on one HDD. I had and idea to to upgrade 12.04 to 14.04 but I don't know will this work. Any ideas ?

You can upgrade from 12.04 LTS to 14.04 LTS. Open Software Updater and let it check for all updates. When it is done, it should inform you that there is a new version of Ubuntu available, and give you an option to upgrade.

If not, check the Software & Updates under the Updates tab there is a dropdown list at the bottom for Notify Me Of New Ubuntu Versions; select Long Term Support versions and then exit the window. Restart Software Updater let it run again. You should now be informed of a new version which you may upgrade to.

Wubi isn't no longer available (what I've heard on the Forums a time ago).

It is more advisable to set up a normal dual boot system;
you'll get:

increased performance
more stable Ubuntu
a handy way to fix W7 should a problem occur
a very easy way to handle files fromout 2 operating systems

To be short: Wubi was a way to install Ubuntu alongside Windows, but it is vunerable since Windows can have its issues what could lead that you can't bootup your Ubuntu.
So, a dual boot with separate partitions is a more plausible way of working with Ubuntu.

The installer is very easy to use, and choosing partition-sizes is also very easy. Please refer to the Wiki of Ubuntu should extra help be nessecary.

Succes!