丁酸梭菌

丁酸梭菌（"Clostridium butyricum"）又称丁酸菌、酪酸梭菌、酪酸菌，是一种梭状芽孢菌，在科学分类上归类于梭菌目梭菌科梭菌属的一种细菌。
丁酸梭菌常见于酸牛奶、乳酪中，能发酵肠道中的纤维及抗性淀粉产生大量丁酸，在日本、韩国和中国被广泛作为益生菌。
历史.
第一个对人体有益的酪酸菌株在1933年由日本千叶医科大学宫入近治博士首先从粪便分离出C.butyricum MIYAIRI菌株，因此，又名宫入菌(MIYAIRI 588株)，俗称CBM588，尔后，陆续有其他菌株被发现，如：RH2、S-45-5、UBCB 70、CGMCC0313...等。
功能.
酪酸菌为人体肠道正常菌群之一，约有700多株，其中安全性高且具有治疗效果的菌株编号为第588株，称为宫入菌(CBM 588)，其能代谢肠道内的植物纤维而产生短链脂肪酸。能通过胃酸、肠液和胆汁，具有抑制多种致病菌生长和繁殖，促进结肠上皮细胞增殖，有利于损伤上皮的修复，平衡肠道菌丛生态等功能。酪酸菌在日本、韩国以及中国等亚洲国家和地区已被广泛用于防治肠道菌群失调所致的急慢性腹泻、抗生素相关性肠炎、便秘或腹泻便秘交替症、胃十二指肠溃疡合并幽门螺旋杆菌感染、过敏性肠易激综合症状(IBS)等疾病、免疫调节以及癌症辅助治疗，疗效良好。
实验文献.
• 酪酸菌调节肠道平衡,改善慢性肠道炎症(IBD )
Probiotics "Clostridium butyricum" and Bacillus subtilis ameliorate intestinal
tumorigenesis. J Gastroenterol (2015) 50:928–939
• 酪酸菌代谢物丁酸盐可降低脂肪生成
"Clostridium butyricum" reduce lipogenesis through bacterial wall components and
butyrate.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol (2014) 98:7549–7557
• 酪酸菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制直肠癌细胞增殖,促进肿瘤细胞凋亡
Probiotics "Clostridium butyricum" and "Bacillus subtilis" ameliorate intestinal
tumorigenesis. Future Microbiology, Vol.10(9)(2015),1433‐1445
• 酪酸菌抑制膀胱癌
"Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588 shows antitumor effects by enhancing the
release of TRAIL from neutrophils through MMP‐8 ,Int. J of oncology ,42: 903‐
911, 2013
• 酪酸菌治疗肠内有害菌群引起之免疫失调疾病
Implication of Harmful Intestinal Microflora in the Pathogenesis of Disease with Immune Dysfunction Bioscience microflora vol.17 (1) 55~60, 1998
• 酪酸菌 Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588) 抑制白色念珠菌增强免疫系统之胞杀及吞噬作用
Protection Activity Induced by the Bacterial Vaccine, Heat-Killed "Clostridium butyricum" Against "Candida albicans" Infections in Mice Volume 28, Issue 2 , 262-269, 1987 
• 酪酸菌抑制肠炎和过敏症的可能性-肠内细菌诱导免疫调节蛋白和免疫调节细胞，具有肠道免疫保持恒常性的机转
Smad2 and Smad3 Inversely Regulate TGF-β Autoinduction in "Clostridium butyricum"-Activated Dendritic Cells
Kashiwagi, Ikkou et al.Immunity , Volume 43 , Issue 1 , 65-79 ,2015
• 酪酸益生菌 宫入菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588)肾脏病可增加儿童原发性肾病症候群(INS)患者体内产酪酸的肠道菌和血液Treg数量，减少INS患者的复发频率及降低对免疫抑制剂（Rituximab）的需要。
Clinical Significance of Probiotics for Children with Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Nutrients, 13(2), 365, 2021
• 酪酸益生菌 宫入菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588)作为治疗耐药性抑郁症的辅助治疗
"Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588 as Adjunctive Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Major Depressive Disorder:A Prospective Open-Label Trial
Tsuyoshi Miyaoka, MD, PhD, Clinical Neuropharmacology, Volume 41, Number 5, September/October 2018, 151-115
• 酪酸菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588)与免疫检查点抑制剂(ICB)合并使用，提高非小细胞肺癌患者存活率
Association of Probiotic Clostridium butyricum Therapy with Survival and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Patients with Lung Cancer Cancer Immunol Res (2020) 8 (10): 1236–1242.
• 酪酸益生菌 宫入菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588)可增强术前化疗的胰腺癌患者抗癌免疫力
Intestinal Care Using L‒Glutamine Supplement and Probiotics Can Induce a Strong Anti‒Tumor Immune Response through the Induction of Mature Tertiary Lymphoid Structures in Pancreatic Cancer Patients Receiving Preoperative Chemotherapy 癌と化学疗法 Volume 48, Issue 4, 465 - 471 (2021)
• 酪酸菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588)透过调节肠道菌群以提升转移性肾细胞癌患者之免疫治疗临床治疗效果
Nivolumab plus ipilimumab with or without live bacterial supplementation in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomized phase 1 trial
Nature Medicine , VOL 28, April 2022, 704–712
• 酪酸菌 "Clostridium butyricum" MIYAIRI 588(CBM 588) 改善牙周病引起的肠道疾病及类肠躁症之症状
The Intermucosal Connection between the Mouth and Gut in Commensal Pathobiont-Driven Colitis Cell, Volume 182, Issue 2, 23 July 2020, Pages 447-462.e14