以色列—黎巴嫩停战协定

2024年11月26日，以色列和黎巴嫩在美国和法国的调解下，共同达成了停战协定，中止了以色列和真主党之间长达14个月的战争。该停战协定要求双方在签署后的60天内暂停敌对交战行为，真主党需将其武装部队移至利塔尼河以北约40公里以外，以色列军队将会逐步从黎巴嫩占领区撤离。一个由美国领导的五国停战监督小组将监督停战的实施情况，并部署5,000名黎巴嫩士兵以确保双方遵守协定。根据协定，以色列拥有在危及自身安全的情况下重启战争的权利。
在停战协定达成前，真主党遭受了重大损失，包括其领导人哈桑·纳斯鲁拉在内的众多高级官员皆被以色列在空袭中击毙。签署前的前一天，以色列的军队刚跨过了利塔尼河。以色列安全内阁以10-1表决同意达成停战协定。
While the ceasefire offers a temporary relief to both parties, there are concerns over the potential failure to enforce the terms, mirroring the situation following the 2006 Lebanon war and UN Resolution 1701, which called for Hezbollah to disarm. The Lebanese army, weakened by economic crisis and insufficient resources, faces a challenging task in maintaining order in southern Lebanon. Many Lebanese are eager for an end to the conflict, but concerns persist that Hezbollah may disregard the ceasefire and rearm in southern Lebanon. On the Israeli side, the prolonged displacement of civilians near the border and the strain on the military continue to drive the need for a solution.
Background.
Shortly after the onset of the Israel–Hamas war in October 2023, Hezbollah joined the conflict, citing solidarity with Palestinians. On October 8, 2023, Hezbollah started firing guided rockets and artillery shells at Israeli positions in the Shebaa Farms, which it said was in solidarity with Palestinians following the Hamas attack on Israel and beginning of . Israel retaliated by launching drone strikes and artillery shells at Hezbollah positions. Israel also carried out airstrikes throughout Lebanon and in Syria. This quickly escalated into regular cross-border military exchanges between Hezbollah and Israel, impacting northern Israel, southern Lebanon and the Golan Heights. Hezbollah said it aimed to pressure Israel by forcing it to fight on two fronts. Hezbollah has offered an immediate ceasefire should , where 40,000 Palestinians have been killed, with at least half identified as women and children.
In September 2024, Israel intensified its operations with two waves of electronic device attacks targeting Hezbollah's communication systems and assassinated the group's leading figures, including secretary-general Hassan Nasrallah. On September 27, the Israeli Air Force bombed and destroyed Hezbollah's main headquarters in Beirut, killing Nasrallah. On October 1, the Israeli military began a full-scale invasion of southern Lebanon although it had been conducting limited ground operations for some time. Israeli operations led to the significant dismantling of Hezbollah's military infrastructure in southern Lebanon and the destruction of a large portion of its missile stockpile.
In northern Israel, the conflict forced approximately 96,000 individuals to leave their homes, while in Lebanon, over 1.4 million individuals have been displaced. Hezbollah stated it would not stop attacks against Israel until it stops its military operations in Gaza; Israel said its attacks would continue until its citizens could return safely to the north.
协定内容.
2024年11月26日，以色列总理本雅明·内塔尼亚胡向以色列安全内阁递交停战协定草案。安全内阁以10票支持、1票反对通过草案，唯一一张反对票来自国家安全部长伊塔马尔·本-格维尔。
以色列媒体披露协议包含以下条文：
黎巴嫩媒体报道，黎巴嫩当局的一位消息人士表示，如果到2024年11月27日当地时间上午10点，双方没有出现升级局势或违反协议的行为，停火协议将生效。黎巴嫩总理纳吉布·米卡提对协议表示强烈支持，呼吁国际社会协助协定实施，以立即“中止以色列的进犯”。
后续发展.
停战协定正式生效后，以色列国防部长伊斯雷尔·卡茨命令以色列国防军阻止真主党成员及黎巴嫩平民返回黎巴嫩南部。按照命令，以色列国防部阿拉伯语发言人阿维凯·阿德拉伊向平民发出警告，要求他们不要返回黎巴嫩南部的家中。国防军朝接近村的车辆鸣枪示警，朝的多人开枪，同时逮捕了四名向军队驻扎地点靠近的疑似真主党成员。数千名流离失所的黎巴嫩家庭不顾警告，仍启程回到黎巴嫩南部的家中。
就在停火协议生效一天之后，以色列和真主党就指责对方违反停火协议。以色列军方袭击真主党在黎巴嫩南部的中程火箭存放库以及几辆车辆。截至2024年12月1号，以色列军队至少违反停火协议52次，袭击平民，有平民死伤；真主党则违反停火协议将部队调至利塔尼河以南，并向以色列国防军开火。
He further stated that the ceasefire was considered due to claimed Israeli success in the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon because Hezbollah was "no longer the same group that launched a war against us", and that the Israeli Defense Forces had "set them back decades". He stated that the Israeli army had achieved many of its goals in the invasion and airstrikes by killing most of Hezbollah's leadership and destroying large numbers of Lebanese infrastructure linked to them.
Reactions.
Israel.
Former and ambassador deemed the deal "unenforceable" due to it assuming that the Lebanese army will supervise weapon production and distribution. He described this assumption as "impossible" due to Hezbollah's independence from the Lebanese army in weapon distribution and inability to cooperate.
Israeli Security Minister and politician Itamar Ben-Gvir expressed dissatisfaction with the ceasefire deal due to it not providing Israel with a "security belt", not allowing Israelis to return to Northern Israel, and not providing the Lebanese army resistance against Hezbollah.
Middle East.
Al Jazeera political analyst called the deal a "very temporary, fragile truce" due to it allowing Israel to resume military operations at any perceived provocation by Hezbollah and Israel's continued commitment to breaking down Hezbollah.