格拉咸·泰莱

格拉咸·泰莱（Graham Taylor，）出生于英格兰东密德兰诺丁汉郡沃克索普（Worksop），是一名前足球运动员及领队。泰莱于执教屈福特时打出名堂，在短短五年间将球队由最低的丁组一直升班至顶级的甲组，其后更获委担任英格兰国家队的领队，并差不多廿年后第二度任教屈福特，又于两年内带领球队由第三级的乙组联赛榜末升班到英超。
泰莱在北林肯郡的钢铁工业重镇斯肯索普成长，到直现在仍然有联系并视作自己的家乡。他是《斯肯索普电讯晚报》（"Scunthorpe Evening Telegraph"）一名体育记者的儿子，他于儿时在「旧展览场」（Old Show Ground）观赏斯肯索普作赛而开始喜爱足球运动，最终更成为一名足球运动员，为甘士比和林肯城担任边后衞。
1972年泰莱因伤退役后，转而担任教练及领队工作，于任教林肯城、屈福特和阿士东维拉均取得优秀成绩。他成功为执教的三支球队护级及赢得升班资格，更先后带领屈福特及阿士东维拉于1983年及1990年同样屈居利物浦之后取得联赛亚军，并领导屈福特在1984年晋级英格兰足总杯决赛，以0-2负于另一支利物浦市球队爱华顿。
1990年泰莱成为英格兰国家队领队，于未能取得在美国举行的1994年世界杯决赛周资格后，在1990年11月宣布辞职，他于任期内的差劣成绩遭到各方严厉的批评。1994年3月泰莱返回球会任教，在屈福特重振声威，于1999年升班英超，重夺12年前于泰莱离队后失去的顶级联赛资格。他最后一次执教鞭是在2002年重返阿士东维拉，并于2002/03年球季结束后离队。泰莱现时担任BBC Radio 5直播（BBC Radio 5 Live）的足球评论员和屈福特的主席。
泰莱是唯一一名领队曾两度领导球队在两分制的英格兰足球联赛单季取得超越70分，分别是1975/76年球季在林肯城的74分和1975/76年球季在屈福特的71分，这记录更难能可贵的是只有两支其他球队曾取得超越70分，分别是唐卡士打在1946/47年球季取得72分和洛达咸在1950/51年球季取得71分。
England's next chance of reviving their flagging fortunes came in May, requiring at least a win and draw away against Poland and Norway which were to be played just three days apart. England were poor against Poland and were largely outplayed. Dariusz Adamczuk of Poland scored in the 36th minute, although the team missed several chances to extend their lead. Ian Wright salvaged a vital point through forcing an equaliser in the 85th minute, for a final score of 1–1. Taylor was again vilified for his team's poor performance. England's next opponents were Norway.
The Norwegians had arrived from obscurity and had taken the group by storm with a series of early victories which had left England, Poland, and The Netherlands scrapping for second place. Taylor made wholesale changes of personnel and tactics, which again drew criticism, his actions considered risky in what was now a crucial game. Lee Sharpe and Lee Dixon came on as wing-backs, while Carlton Palmer and Platt occupied midfield berths. Gascoigne supported Teddy Sheringham and Les Ferdinand up-front. Des Walker, Tony Adams and Gary Pallister formed a back three.
England lost 2–0, with few attempts on goal. Lars Bohinen and Øyvind Leonhardsen scored the goals in the 42nd and 47th minutes. The first was caused by a Des Walker error, while Walker was beaten for pace by a Norwegian counter-attack for Bohinen to score
Subsequently Taylor said "We made a complete mess of it. I'm here to be shot at and take the rap. I have no defence for our performance", although his honesty did not spare him a roasting from the press, who were now calling for his head. The press came up with headlines such as "NORSE MANURE" and "OSLO RANS".
With their World Cup hopes hanging by a thread, Taylor's England were to play a four-team Tournament in the U.S (1993 U.S. Cup), which was expected to be a precursor to the following summer's tournament. Taylor stated before the game against the USA:In football, you're only as good as your last game, and at the moment we're poor. You can always lose any game, to anyone. It's how you lose that matters. That was the thing that shocked us all in Norway. We would have been looking for a win here anyhow, but if we'd won last week it wouldn't have been considered essential. Now it is. Whether we like it or not, people expect us to beat America, and there is definitely more intensity about this game because of our performance in the last one.
For Taylor the US Cup began with a humiliating 2–0 defeat in Boston to the USA which was reported by the tabloid press in Britain as "YANKS 2 PLANKS 0!". Some pride was restored with a credible 1–1 draw with Brazil and a narrow 2–1 defeat to Germany. Taylor was now living on borrowed time. 
The 1993–94 season began with a much improved performance, with a 3–0 win over Poland raising the nation's hopes going into what was now the crucial match against the Dutch in Rotterdam.
In October England were to play the Netherlands in Rotterdam. With Norway having won the group the encounter would effectively decide the second and last qualifier of the group. The game was played at a furious pace, with the Dutch putting the English under pressure early on. However England hit back with a string of counter attacks, with Platt heading just wide and Tony Adams having a shot cleared off the line by Erwin Koeman, while Tony Dorigo hit a post with a 35-yard free-kick after 25 minutes. Two minutes before half-time England were fortunate to have a Frank Rijkaard goal ruled out for offside, even though replays showed the goal was legitimate. However later in the second half with the game locked at 0–0 David Platt was fouled by Ronald Koeman as he raced in on goal. The German referee failed to apply the rule of sending him off for a professional foul. The Dutch charged down Dorigo's free-kick, with Dutch players clearly encroaching. Just minutes later the Dutchman took an identical free kick outside England's penalty area. His first shot was blocked, but it was ordered to be retaken because of encroachment. 
Koeman scored at the second attempt. Paul Merson hit a post with a free-kick moments later, while Dennis Bergkamp scored just moments later, despite using his arm to control the ball, for 2–0 win. In the meantime Taylor was in an apoplectic mood on the touchline, berating the officials and referee as the significance of the result sank in.
England still had a chance to qualify if the Netherlands lost in Poland on the same night England were hoping they could run up a big score against part-time minnows San Marino. But it was in the final game that Taylor was to suffer the ultimate humiliation. After just 8.3 seconds of play David Gualtieri, a computer salesman, scored the fastest World Cup goal (as of 2009 it remains the fastest World Cup goal). England took another twenty minutes to find an equaliser and eventually won 7–1, but the Dutch had won in Poland and England had failed to qualify.
Taylor resigned on 24 November 1993. He went 'with great sadness', saying: 'No one can gauge the depth of my personal disappointment at not qualifying for the World Cup.' There had been no question of him wanting to stay on, in any capacity. 'This is the appropriate course of action in the circumstances,' he said. 'If we didn't qualify, it was always my intention to offer my resignation.'
Taylor had also agreed to be filmed during the qualifying campaign for "Cutting Edge", a Channel 4 fly-on-the-wall documentary series, in which his portrayal further undermined his authority. During the film, Taylor was heard to use foul language, and what became his personal catchphrase: "Do I not like that", uttered just before England conceded a goal to Poland.
Sir Jack Hayward appointed Taylor as manager of Wolves in March 1994, replacing Graham Turner. Taylor had been a generally unpopular figure in English football since his unsuccessful reign as national coach, and few people seemed willing to forgive him for his first managerial failure – one that mattered most to so many people up and down the country.
But he took the Midlands club to fourth in Division One to qualify for the playoffs – their highest league finish since their last top division season 11 years earlier – where they lost out to Bolton Wanderers. They also reached the quarter finals of the FA Cup after a memorable replay penalty shootout victory over Sheffield Wednesday, in which they were 3–0 down on penalties, only to win the shootout 4–3, in which Chris Bart-Williams had two penalties saved over the two matches. 
Taylor spent heavily on players while at Wolves, paying large sums for the likes of Steve Sedgley, Tony Daley and Don Goodman.
However, the 1994–95 season proved to be his only full season at Molineux, as, after a poor start to the following campaign, winning just 4 from the 16 opening league games, he resigned in November 1995 due to overwhelming supporter pressure. During his tenure, he attempted to perform a citizen's arrest on a fan who had spat at him, prompting calls for closer crowd controls in the English game.
In February 1996 Elton John, who had recently bought Watford for a second time, appointed Taylor as General Manager at Vicarage Road. Just over a year later Taylor had appointed himself as the club's manager succeeding Kenny Jackett, who was relegated to a coaching capacity at the club. He won the Division Two championship at his first attempt in 1998, despite having a life-threatening abscess that blocked his windpipe and almost killed him.
The following season Taylor won the Division One Play-off Final, beating Bolton Wanderers 2–0 at Wembley, and with it promotion to the Premier league, where Watford were relegated after one season. Despite starting the following season well – unbeaten through the first fifteen league games and heading the table – Watford slumped to finish 9th in Division One with Taylor publicly stating he had lost his powers of motivation. At this point Taylor decided to retire. During this final season Taylor had become only the third manager to manage 1,000 league games in England, after Brian Clough and Jim Smith.
Taylor came out of retirement in February 2002 to return to his old job at Aston Villa, but retired for a second time after Villa finished the 2002–03 season in 16th place in the Premiership. He subsequently cited tensions in his relationship with the club's chairman Doug Ellis and argued for an overhaul of the club's upper management to allow the club to be more competitive.
后领队时期.
In 2003, Taylor became vice-president at League One club Scunthorpe United, his hometown club. Since 2004, he has worked as a pundit on BBC Radio Five Live, and has managed a team of celebrities for Sky One's annual series, "The Match".
His time at Scunthorpe has seen a turnaround in the club's fortunes. In his first season on the board, they narrowly avoided relegation to the Conference. The following season, they were promoted to League One. Two years after that, they were promoted to the Football League Championship as League One champions.
Taylor returned to Watford on 23 January 2009, being appointed to the new board as a non-executive director and was appointed interim chairman on 16 December 2009.
其他工作.
Graham Taylor is a supporter of Sense-National Deafblind and Rubella Association and is a Patron of DebRa (www.debra.org.uk). He is a Celebrity Ambassador for the Sense Enterprise Board in Birmingham, and has worked to raise both funds and awareness, including running the London Marathon in 2004. He regularly hosts moderated "online coaching seminars" on the DALnet channel irc://irc.dal.net/digi . He also supports the Royal British Legion and cycled from London to Paris in 2010 to raise funds for the RBL's Poppy appeal.