Original sentence: , Muslim conquerors had reached North Africa and moved south into the desert., tariqa), which institutionalized their teachers' interpretations of the faith.Beginning in the Middle East in the thirteenth century, Muslim mystics sought to complement the intellectual comprehension of Islam with direct religious experience through prayer, contemplation, and action.Chadian Muslims have retained and combined pre-Islamic with Islamic rituals and beliefs.Even if young Muslims in urban areas are aware of happenings in other parts of the Islamic world, they have not responded to fundamentalist appeals.Finally, Chadian Islam is not particularly militant.Instead of being the product of conquest or the imposition of political power, Islamization in Chad was gradual, the effect of the slow spread of Islamic civilization beyond its political frontiers.Islam in Chad also is syncretic.The followers of these mystics founded brotherhoods (turuq; sing
Edited sentence: , Muslims reached North Africa and moved south into the desert.Beginning in the Middle East in the thirteenth century, Muslim mystics and [da'i|da'is]] sought to complement the intellectual comprehension of Islam with direct religious experience through prayer, contemplation, and action.Instead of being the product of conquest or the imposition of political power, Islam gradually spread in Chad, and beyond its political frontiers.The followers of these da'is founded brotherhoods, which institutionalized their teachers' interpretations of the faith