Original sentence: According to one writer, Irish Catholics were often competitors for the lowest-paying, unskilled, and menial jobs, and they perceived the city's more successful black residents as flaunting their success, setting the stage for blacks to become targets for the Irish immigrants' frustration.At the same time, there were increasing numbers of Irish immigrants who were also separated from the larger society by their insularity and Catholicism.During the 25 years prior to the riots, the city's black population grew more than 50-percent.In the early decades of the 19th century, there were significant increases in the city's black population, as large numbers of freed and fugitive slaves immigrated to Philadelphia, which was a few miles north of the Mason-Dixon line.Many Irish refused to work on labor teams with blacks.There were periodic outbreaks of racial, ethnic, and religious violence among Irish Catholics, German Protestants, blacks, and even pacifist Quakers.These were the result of social and economic competition, especially between Irish Catholics and blacks, who were generally at the bottom of the social hierarchy
Edited sentence: At the same time, there were increasing numbers of Irish immigrants who were also separated from the larger society by their insularity and ultramontanist Catholicism.During the twenty-five years prior to the run of riots, the city's African-American population grew more than 50%.During the years immediately before the riots, there were periodic outbreaks of racial, ethnic and religious violence among Irish Catholics, German Protestants, African-Americans, and even pacifist Quakers.In the early decades of the 19th century, there were significant increases in the city's African-American population as large numbers of freed and fugitive slaves joined recent immigrants in Philadelphia, which was a few miles north of the boundary of slave territory.Irish Catholics, often competitors for the lowest-paying, unskilled and menial jobs, chose to perceive the city's more successful African-American residents as flaunting their success, setting the stage for blacks to become targets for the Irish immigrants' frustration, envy, racism, and rage.Many Irish refused to work on labor teams with African-Americans.These were the result of social and economic competition, especially between Irish Catholics and African-Americans, who were generally at the bottom of the social hierarchy