Edited sentence: Amazon parrots that are carriers of the disease but do not show symptoms are capable of shedding NDV for more than 400 days.An infected bird may exhibit the following signs:.Cotton swabs can be used.Digestive: greenish, watery diarrhea.Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA), PCR, Sequence technology.For routine isolation of NDV from chickens, turkeys, and other birds, samples are obtained by swabbing the trachea and the cloaca.High concentrations of the NDV are found in birds' bodily discharges; therefore, the disease can be spread easily by mechanical means.However, the virus is destroyed rapidly by dehydration and by the ultraviolet rays in sunlight.It can survive indefinitely in frozen material.NDV can survive for several weeks in a warm and humid environment on birds' feathers, manure, and other materials.NDV is spread primarily through direct contact between healthy birds and the bodily discharges of infected birds.NDV spreads rapidly among birds kept in confinement, such as commercially raised chickens.Nervousness, depression, muscular tremors, drooping wings, twisting of head and neck, circling, complete paralysis.Partial to complete drop in egg production and thin-shelled eggs.Prior to shipping samples should be stored at 4 C.Samples may be sent by regular mail, but overnight is recommended.Samples must be shipped in a padded envelope or box.Smuggled pet birds, especially Amazon parrots from Latin America, pose a great risk of introducing NDV into the US.Sudden death.Swelling of the tissues around the eyes and in the neck.The disease is transmitted through infected birds' droppings and secretions from the nose, mouth, and eyes.The incubation period for the disease ranges from 2 to 15 days.The virus can also be isolated from the lungs, brain spleen, liver, and kidneys.Virus-bearing material can be picked up on shoes and clothing and carried from an infected flock to a healthy one