Original sentence: Attempts by the University of Lviv to implement numerus clausus in 1922-3 were ruled unconstitutional.By 1939, most Polish institutes of higher learning implemented a numerus clausus system.Following violent demonstrations by Polish radicals, in 1937-8 most Polish universities introduced segregation.In 1931, the All-Polish Youth demonstrated against Jewish medical students operating on Christian cadavers.In the early 1930s, Camp of Great Poland advocated numerus nullus - a complete exclusion of Jews.Polish radicals then demanded segregation of Jewish students, first asking for "voluntary" segregation and when this was refused attacking Jewish students.Polish universities were a hotbed of the radical far-right National Democracy and from Poland's independence in 1918 right-wing students promoted the return of the Russian numerus clausus system.The medical faculties caved in, and Jewish students were supplied with Jewish cadavers
Edited sentence: After World War II similar policies were introduced by the pro-Soviet communists, based on preferential treatment of peasant and working-class children.During the partitions of Poland by the neighbouring empires, Poles were denied education, and the severely limited number of schools were poorly funded.Following Poland's return to independence, the advocates of the numerus clausus policy pointed out that the limit would balance the chance to enter university of all nationalities in Poland (Polish, Lithuanian, Belorussian, Ukrainian, German etc.It was a result of highly disproportionate number of Jewish students in key disciplines including 62.9 percent in stomatology, 34 percent in medical sciences, 29.2 percent in philosophy, 24.9 percent in chemistry and 22.1 percent in law (26 percent by 1929).Numerus clausus in interwar Poland was unofficially introduced in 1937 by some universities.Such numbers were the cause of a backlash at most Polish universities, with notable protest organized by the non-Jewish political parties.The other reason given by the supporters of the idea was that it was an attempt to equal the chance of children from countryside families who had very limited access to education to the chance of the children of Jewish families living in the towns and cities.The students from working-class families were intended to form the new socialist intelligentsia