Original sentence: " Rahe, Paul A." The Federalist Papers, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, Arlington House (Classics of Conservatism Collection), New Rochelle, NY."At the same time, however, Lacedæmonia was a republic."Lacedæmonia was, in fact, a mixed regime—an uneasy compromise between competing principles..."."Sparta was neither a monarchy or democracy...The most subtle of the ancient authors described it as a mixed regime...In order to secure the consent of the governed, Sparta ensured the participation of every element of the citizen population in the administration of the city"., NY, 1992., Republics; Ancient and Modern, Vol.23, Cicero, as quoted in The History and Antiquities of the Doric Race, Karl Otfried Müller, 2nd ed.6:Hamilton; pg 57.Adams, W.Alexander Hamilton, "Sparta, Athens, Rome, and Carthage were all republics; two of them, Athens and Carthage, of the commercial kind.Cicero called Sparta: respublica Lacedaemoniorum.I, University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill and London, 1992.I, pg 152.I, pg 170.Lindsay, "The Spartan Republic" published in "Sparta, Journal of Ancient Sparta and Greek History", May 5, 2007.Niccolo Machiavelli called Sparta a republic: "Two principal causes, however, cemented this union: first, the inhabitants of Sparta were few in number...that by not permitting strangers to establish themselves in the republic, they had neither opportunity of becoming corrupt..." The Prince, Niccolo Machiavelli, trans.Norton & Co.Republics Ancient and Modern, Rahe, Vol.Sparta 1.The Doric city states of Crete.Wheeler, W.by Robert M.pg 169.pg 190.pg 96