Original sentence: , Limited, London (1891).1166-1185: Mainly from the 'Expugnato Hibernica' of Giraldus Cambrensis Part 1, Giraldus Cambrensis, Edited by Frederick J.<ref>name="Ginnell 1899 1"/>.Furnivall M.Published for The Early English Text Society, Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co.The English Conquest of Ireland a
Edited sentence: A bull is a Papal letter takes its name from the bubble-shaped, leaden seal which it bears.Citing Professor Jungmann, who in the appendix to his Dissertationes Historiœ Ecclesiasticœ, in the fifth volume says, "it is well known from history that everywhere towards the close of the twelfth century there were forged or corrupted Papal Letters or Diplomas.However, that the name bull has become so well known in connection with them, even if genuine, that the use of it cannot be misunderstood.In the twelfth century, he says, they were called privilegia or privileges.McCormick, in his preface to The Pope and Ireland, notes that it is was well known that the forgery of both Papal and other documents was fairly common in the twelfth century.Stephen J.That such was the case frequently in England is inferred from the Letters of John Sarisbiensis and of others.The letters written in the twelfth century relating to Ireland were probably never sealed with any seal according to Laurence Ginnell, and are, therefore, not correctly called bulls.The original bulla was a lump of clay molded around a cord and stamped with a seal.When dry, the container cannot be violated without visible damage to the bulla, thereby ensuring the contents remain tamper-proof until they reach their destination