Original sentence: , the estimate reached in The Black Book of Communism).Others find this approach simplistic, noting that executions, forced labor camps, the repression of ethnic minorities, and mass starvation were patters in both Russian and Chinese history before their respective Communist takeovers.Some anticommunists relate the human rights violations that occurred under these regimes, particularly Stalinist Russia (executions, forced labor camps, the repression of certain ethnic minorities, and mass starvations allegedly caused by either government mismanagement or deliberately), to Communist ideology.The exact number of deaths caused by these regimes is highly disputed (see, e
Edited sentence: ", the death toll ranges from a few tens of millions to as much as over a hundred million.Numerous human rights violations have been attributed to such regimes.Other widespread accusations concern the lack of freedom of speech in Communist Party regimes, religious and ethnic persecutions, destruction of historical and cultural heritages, environmental disasters, lack of democracy, restriction of emigration, personality cults, and inherited dictatorship.The exact number of deaths caused by these regimes is highly disputed; depending on the cited historical sources and on the answer to the question "what kinds of deaths can be attributed to the government.These include: executions, labor camps with high mortality, mass starvations caused deliberately and by mismanagement, and ethnic genocides