Edited sentence: Following the birth of the Zionist Movement and the ensuing Aliyot, a New Yishuv was established.In 1840, there were approximately 10,000 Jews living in Ottoman Palestine, mainly living in the cities of Jerusalem, Hebron, Safed and Tiberias.Jews constituted either a significant minority or a plurality of the population of Jerusalem in the 1800's.Since the Jewish–Roman wars, there had not been a Jewish state in the Holy Land, however, there existed a small community of Jews known as the Old Yishuv.The Ottoman Empire was defeated in World War I, leading to the establishment of Mandatory Palestine, which included provisions based on the Balfour Declaration.There were antisemitic attacks on this community, such as the 1834 Hebron massacre, and the 1838 Druze attack on Safed