For the purposes of this discussion, "ILIAC" refers to ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company, and the "Company," "we," "our," "us" refer to ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company and its subsidiaries. We are a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Lion Connecticut Holdings Inc. ("Lion" or "Parent"), which is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of ING U.S., Inc. ING Groep N.V. ("ING Group" or "ING") is the majority shareholder of ING U.S., Inc.
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. In addition to historical data, this discussion contains forward-looking statements about our business, operations and financial performance based on current expectations that involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results may differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements as a result of various factors. See "Note Concerning Forward-Looking Statements."
See "Item 8. Note 6. Guaranteed Benefit Features" for further information on our reserves for future policy benefits, contract owner account balances and product guarantees.
Reserves for payout contracts with life contingencies are equal to the present value of expected future payments. Assumptions as to interest rates, mortality and expenses are based on our estimates of experience at the period the policy is sold or acquired, including a provision for adverse deviation. Such assumptions generally vary by annuity plan type, year of issue, and policy duration. Interest rates used to calculate the present value of future benefits ranged from 3.0% to 8.3%.
The estimated fair value of the Stabilizer and MCG contracts is determined based on the present value of projected future claims, minus the present value of future guaranteed premiums. At inception of the contract, we project a guaranteed premium to be equal to the present value of the projected future claims. The income associated with the contracts is projected using actuarial and capital market assumptions, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates are projected under multiple capital market scenarios using observable risk-free rates and other best estimate assumptions.
The FIA and Stabilizer embedded derivative liability and the stand-alone derivative for MCG include a risk margin to capture uncertainties related to policyholder behavior assumptions. The margin represents additional compensation a market participant would require to assume these risks.
We review overall policyholder experience at least annually (including lapse, annuitization, withdrawal and mortality), and update these assumptions when deemed necessary based on additional information that becomes available. If actual lapse rates are significantly different from those assumed, such could have a significant effect on our reserve levels and related results of operation.
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholder's Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013. Our audits also included the financial statement schedules listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audits.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company and subsidiaries at December 31, 2013 and 2012, and the consolidated results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2013, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.
In 2009, ING Groep N.V. ("ING Group" or "ING"), a global financial services holding company based in The Netherlands, with American Depository Shares listed on the New York Stock Exchange, announced the anticipated separation of its global banking and insurance businesses, including the divestiture of ING U.S., Inc., which together with its subsidiaries, including the Company, constituted ING's U.S.-based retirement, investment management and insurance operations. On May 2, 2013, the common stock of ING U.S., Inc. began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "VOYA." On May 7, 2013 and May 31, 2013, ING U.S., Inc. completed its initial public offering of common stock, including the issuance and sale by ING U.S., Inc. of 30,769,230 shares of common stock and the sale by ING Insurance International B.V. ("ING International"), an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of ING Group and previously the sole stockholder of ING U.S., Inc., of 44,201,773 shares of outstanding common stock of ING U.S., Inc. (collectively, "the IPO"). On September 30, 2013, ING International transferred all of its shares of ING U.S., Inc. common stock to ING Group.
The Company offers qualified and nonqualified annuity contracts and funding agreements that include a variety of funding and payout options for individuals and employer-sponsored retirement plans qualified under Internal Revenue Code Sections 401, 403, 408, 457 and 501, as well as nonqualified deferred compensation plans and related services. The Company's products are offered primarily to individuals, pension plans, small businesses and employer-sponsored groups in the health care, government and education markets (collectively "tax exempt markets") and corporate markets. The Company's products are generally distributed through pension professionals, independent agents and brokers, third-party administrators, banks, dedicated career agents and financial planners.
The Company measures the fair value of its financial assets and liabilities based on assumptions used by market participants in pricing the asset or liability, which may include inherent risk, restrictions on the sale or use of an asset or nonperformance risk, which is the risk the Company will not fulfill its obligation. The estimate of an exchange price is the price in an orderly transaction between market participants to sell the asset or transfer the liability ("exit price") in the principal market, or the most advantageous market in the absence of a principal market, for that asset or liability. The Company utilizes a number of valuation sources to determine the fair values of its financial assets and liabilities, including quoted market prices, third-party commercial pricing services, third-party brokers, industry-standard, vendor-provided software that models the value based on market observable inputs and other internal modeling techniques based on projected cash flows.
The Company has elected the FVO for certain of its fixed maturities to better match the measurement of assets and liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Certain collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), primarily interest-only and
principal-only strips, are accounted for as hybrid instruments and valued at fair value with changes in the fair value recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Mortgage Loans on Real Estate: The Company's mortgage loans on real estate are all commercial mortgage loans, which are reported at amortized cost, less impairment write-downs and allowance for losses. If a mortgage loan is determined to be impaired (i.e., when it is probable that the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement), the carrying value of the mortgage loan is reduced to the lower of either the present value of expected cash flows from the loan discounted at the loan's original purchase yield or fair value of the collateral. For those mortgages that are determined to require foreclosure, the carrying value is reduced to the fair value of the underlying collateral, net of estimated costs to obtain and sell at the point of foreclosure. The carrying value of the impaired loans is reduced by establishing a permanent write-down recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Property obtained from foreclosed mortgage loans is recorded in Other investments on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company uses the following methodology and significant inputs to determine the amount of the OTTI credit loss:
The Company performs a discounted cash flow analysis comparing the current amortized cost of a security to the present value of future cash flows expected to be received including estimated defaults and prepayments. The discount rate is generally the effective interest rate of the fixed maturity prior to impairment.
The Company enters into interest rate, equity market, credit default and currency contracts, including swaps, futures, forwards, caps, floors and options, to reduce and manage various risks associated with changes in value, yield, price, cash flow or exchange rates of assets or liabilities held or intended to be held, or to assume or reduce credit exposure associated with a referenced asset, index, or pool. The Company also utilizes options and futures on equity indices to reduce and manage risks associated with its annuity products. Open derivative contracts are reported as Derivatives assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recorded in Net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
In addition, the Company has entered into a reinsurance agreement, accounted for under the deposit method, that contains an embedded derivative, the fair value of which is based on the change in the fair value of the underlying assets held in trust. The embedded derivative is included in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivative are recorded in Interest credited and other benefit to contract owners/policyholders in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Property and equipment are carried at cost, less accumulated depreciation and included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Expenditures for replacements and major improvements are capitalized; maintenance and repair expenditures are expensed as incurred. Depreciation on property and equipment is provided on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets with the exception of land and artwork, which are not depreciated as follows:
Changes in assumptions can have a significant impact on DAC and VOBA balances, amortization rates and results of operations. Assumptions are management's best estimate of future outcome.
FIA: FIAs contain embedded derivatives that are measured at estimated fair value separately from the host contracts. Such embedded derivatives are recorded in Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances, with changes in estimated fair value, along with attributed fees collected or payments made, are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Statements of Operations.
Stabilizer and MCG: Products with guaranteed credited rates treat the guarantee as an embedded derivative for Stabilizer products and a stand-alone derivative for managed custody guarantee products ("MCG"). These derivatives are measured at estimated fair value and recorded in Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Changes in estimated fair value along with attributed fees collected are reported in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The discount rate used to determine the fair value of FIA and Stabilizer embedded derivative liabilities and the stand-alone derivative for MCG includes an adjustment to reflect the risk that these obligations will not be fulfilled ("nonperformance risk").
Long-term debt carried at an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance, net of any remaining unamortized discount or premium attributable to issuance. Direct and incremental costs to issue the debt are recorded in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and are recognized as a component of Interest expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations over the life of the debt, using the effective interest method of amortization.
Prudent and feasible tax planning strategies the Company would employ to avoid a tax benefit from expiring unused;
Long-duration: For reinsurance of long-duration contracts that transfer significant insurance risk, the difference, if any, between the amounts paid and benefits received related to the underlying contracts is included in the expected net cost of reinsurance which is recorded as a component of the reinsurance asset or liability. Any difference between actual and expected net cost of reinsurance is recognized in the current period and included as a component of profits used to amortize DAC.
If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Interest is recorded as Other revenues or Other expenses, as appropriate.
In July 2013, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2013-10, "Derivatives and Hedging (Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC")Topic 815): Inclusion of the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate (or Overnight Index Swap Rate) as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes" ("ASU 2013-10"), which permits an entity to use the Fed Funds Effective Swap Rate ("OIS") to be used as a U.S. benchmark interest rate for hedge accounting purposes. In addition, the guidance removes the restriction on using different benchmark rates for similar hedges.
In October 2010, the FASB issued ASU 2010-26, "Financial Services - Insurance (ASC Topic 944): Accounting for Costs Associated with Acquiring or Renewing Insurance Contracts" ("ASU 2010-26"), which clarifies what costs relating to the acquisition of new or renewal insurance contracts qualify for deferral. Costs that should be capitalized include (1) incremental direct costs of successful contract acquisition and (2) certain costs related directly to successful acquisition activities (underwriting, policy issuance and processing, medical and inspection and sales force contract selling) performed by the insurer for the contract. Advertising costs should be included in deferred acquisition costs only if the capitalization criteria in the U.S. GAAP direct-response advertising guidance are met. All other acquisition-related costs should be charged to expense as incurred.
In December 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-11, "Balance Sheet (ASC Topic 210): Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities" (ASU 2011-11), which requires an entity to disclose both gross and net information about instruments and transactions eligible for offset in the statement of financial position, as well as instruments and transactions subject to an agreement similar to a master netting arrangement. In addition, the standard requires disclosure of collateral received and posted in connection with master netting agreements or similar arrangements.
In January 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, "Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220): Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" ("ASU 2013-02"), which requires an entity to provide information about the
An unrecognized tax benefit should be presented as a reduction to a deferred tax asset for a net operating loss carryforward, a similar tax loss or a tax credit carryforward, except,
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company's consolidated Shareholder's equity.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls, repurchase agreement transactions or reverse repurchase agreements.
The Company holds certain VIEs for investment purposes. VIEs may be in the form of private placement securities, structured securities, securitization transactions, or limited partnerships. The Company has reviewed each of its holdings and determined that consolidation of these investments in the Company's financial statements is not required, as the Company is not the primary beneficiary, because the Company does not have both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and the obligation or right to potentially significant losses or benefits, for any of its investments in VIEs. The Company provided no non-contractual financial support and its carrying value represents the Company's exposure to loss. The carrying value of the equity tranches of the Collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") of $1.0 and $1.3 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, is included in Limited partnerships/corporations on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Income and losses recognized on these investments are reported in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Unrealized capital losses (including noncredit impairments), along with the fair value of fixed maturity securities, including securities pledged, by market sector and duration were as follows as of December 31, 2012:
The Company invests in high quality, well performing portfolios of commercial mortgage loans and private placements. Under certain circumstances, modifications are granted to these contracts. Each modification is evaluated as to whether a troubled debt restructuring has occurred. A modification is a troubled debt restructuring when the borrower is in financial difficulty and the creditor makes concessions. Generally, the types of concessions may include reducing the face amount or maturity amount of the debt as originally stated, reducing the contractual interest rate, extending the maturity date at an interest rate lower than current
market interest rates and/or reducing accrued interest. The Company considers the amount, timing and extent of the concession granted in determining any impairment or changes in the specific valuation allowance recorded in connection with the troubled debt restructuring. A valuation allowance may have been recorded prior to the quarter when the loan is modified in a troubled debt restructuring. Accordingly, the carrying value (net of the specific valuation allowance) before and after modification through a troubled debt restructuring may not change significantly, or may increase if the expected recovery is higher than the pre-modification recovery assessment. As of December 31, 2013, the Company had no new private placement troubled debt restructurings and had 20 new commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings with a pre-modification and post-modification carrying value of $39.4. The 20 commercial mortgage loans comprise a portfolio of cross-defaulted, cross-collateralized individual loans, which are owned by the same sponsor. Between the date of the troubled debt restructurings and December 31, 2013, these loans have repaid $1.9 in principal. As of December 31, 2012, the Company did not have any new private placement or commercial mortgage loan troubled debt restructurings.
As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company did not have any commercial mortgage loans or private placements modified in a troubled debt restructuring with a subsequent payment default.
There were no impairments taken on the mortgage loan portfolio for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
The following table identifies the Company's credit-related and intent-related impairments included in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, excluding impairments included in Other comprehensive income (loss) by type for the periods indicated:
Net realized capital gains (losses) are comprised of the difference between the amortized cost of investments and proceeds from sale and redemption, as well as losses incurred due to the credit-related and intent-related other-than-temporary impairment of investments. Realized investment gains and losses are also primarily generated from changes in fair value of embedded derivatives within product guarantees and fixed maturities, changes in fair value of fixed maturities recorded at FVO and changes in fair value including accruals on derivative instruments, except for effective cash flow hedges. The cost of the investments on disposal is generally determined based on first-in-first-out ("FIFO") methodology.
Open derivative contracts are reported as Derivatives assets or liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value.
As of December 31, 2013, includes a notional amount, asset fair value and liability fair value for interest rate caps of $11.8 billion, $162.5 and $29.7, respectively. As of December 31, 2012, includes a notional amount, asset fair value and liability fair value for interest rate caps of $4.5 billion, $17.7 and $0.6, respectively.
Based on the notional amounts, a substantial portion of the Company’s derivative positions was not designated or did not qualify as part of a hedging relationship as of December 31, 2013 and 2012. The Company utilizes derivative contracts mainly to hedge exposure to variability in cash flows, interest rate risk, credit risk, foreign exchange risk and equity market risk. The majority of derivatives used by the Company are designated as product hedges, which hedge the exposure arising from insurance liabilities or guarantees embedded in the contracts the Company offers through various product lines. These derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting as they do not meet the criteria of being “highly effective” as outlined in ASC Topic 815, but do provide an economic hedge, which is in line with the Company’s risk management objectives. The Company also uses derivatives contracts to hedge its exposure to various risks associated with the investment portfolio. The Company does not seek hedge accounting treatment for certain of these derivatives as they generally do not qualify for hedge accounting due to the criteria required under the portfolio hedging rules outlined in ASC Topic 815. The Company also uses credit default swaps coupled with other investments in order to produce the investment characteristics of otherwise permissible investments which do not qualify as effective accounting hedges under ASC Topic 815.
Although the Company has not elected to net its derivative exposures, the notional amounts and fair values of OTC and cleared derivatives excluding exchange traded contracts and forward contracts (To Be Announced mortgage-backed securities) are presented in the tables below as of the dates indicated:
(1)Represents the netting of receivable balances with payable balances, net of collateral, for the same counterparty under eligible netting rules.
derivative contracts. In addition, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company delivered securities as collateral of $42.5 and $39.5, respectively.
(1) Changes in value for effective fair value hedges are recorded in Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in fair value upon disposal for effective cash flow hedges are amortized through Net investment income and the ineffective portion is recorded in the Other net realized capital gains (losses) in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, ineffective amounts were immaterial.
The Company has entered into various credit default swaps. When credit default swaps are sold, the Company assumes credit exposure to certain assets that it does not own. Credit default swaps may also be purchased to reduce credit exposure in the Company’s portfolio. Credit default swaps involve a transfer of credit risk from one party to another in exchange for periodic payments. The Company has ISDA agreements with each counterparty with which it conducts business and tracks the collateral positions for each counterparty. To the extent cash collateral is received, it is included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is reinvested in short-term investments. Collateral held is used in accordance with the CSA to satisfy any obligations. Investment grade bonds owned by the Company are the source of noncash collateral posted, which is reported in Securities pledged on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2013, the fair value of credit default swaps of $8.1 were included in Derivatives assets and there were no Derivatives liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2012, the fair value of credit default swaps of $3.6 were included in Derivatives assets and there were no credit default swaps included in Derivatives liabilities, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the maximum potential future exposure to the Company was $384.0 and $329.0 in credit default swaps. These instruments are typically written for a maturity period of five years and contain no recourse provisions. If the Company's current debt and claims paying ratings were downgraded in the future, the terms in the Company's derivative agreements may be triggered, which could negatively impact overall liquidity.
The following table presents the Company's hierarchy for its assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2013:
Derivatives: Derivatives are carried at fair value, which is determined using the Company's derivative accounting system in conjunction with observable key financial data from third party sources, such as yield curves, exchange rates, S&P 500 Index prices, London Interbank Offered Rates ("LIBOR") and Overnight Index Swap ("OIS") rates. In June 2012, the Company began using OIS rather than LIBOR for valuations of collateralized interest rate derivatives, which are obtained from third-party sources. For those derivatives that are unable to be valued by the accounting system, the Company typically utilizes values established by third-party brokers. Counterparty credit risk is considered and incorporated in the Company's valuation process through counterparty credit rating requirements and monitoring of overall exposure. It is the Company's policy to transact only with investment grade counterparties with a credit rating of A- or better. The Company's nonperformance risk is also considered and incorporated in the Company's valuation process. Valuations for the Company's futures and interest rate forward contracts are based on unadjusted quoted prices from an active exchange and, therefore, are classified as Level 1. The Company also has certain credit default swaps and options that are priced using models that primarily use market observable inputs, but contain inputs that are not observable to market participants, which have been classified as Level 3. However, all other derivative instruments are valued based on market observable inputs and are classified as Level 2.
Product guarantees: The Company records an embedded derivative liability for its FIA contracts for interest payments to contract holders above the minimum guaranteed contract value. The guarantee is treated as an embedded derivative and is required to be accounted for separately from the host contract. The fair value of the obligation is calculated based on actuarial and capital market assumptions related to the projected cash flows, including benefits and related contract charges, over the anticipated life of the related contracts. The cash flow estimates are produced by market implied assumptions. These derivatives are classified as Level 3 liabilities in the fair value hierarchy.
The discount rate used to determine the fair value of the embedded derivatives and stand-alone derivative associated with the Company's product guarantees includes an adjustment for nonperformance risk. Through June 30, 2012, the Company's nonperformance risk adjustment was based on the credit default swap spreads of ING Insurance, the Company's indirect parent company, with similar term to maturity and priority of payment. The ING Insurance credit default spread was applied to the risk-free swap curve in the Company's valuation models for these product guarantees. As a result of the availability of ING U.S., Inc.'s market observable data following the issuance of its long-term debt on July 13, 2012, the Company changed its estimate of nonperformance risk to incorporate a blend of observable, similarly rated peer company credit default swap spreads, adjusted to reflect the Company's own credit quality as well as an adjustment to reflect the priority of policyholder claims.
Embedded derivative on reinsurance: The carrying value of the embedded derivative is estimated based upon the change in the fair value of the assets supporting the funds withheld under the reinsurance agreement, accounted for under the deposit method. As the fair value of the assets held in trust is based on a quoted market price (Level 1), the fair value of the embedded derivative is based on market observable inputs and is classified as Level 2.
(2) The Company's policy is to recognize transfers in and transfers out as of the beginning of the reporting period.
(4) The investment income and realized gains (losses) and change in unrealized gains (losses) included in net income (loss) for separate account assets are offset by an equal amount for separate account liabilities, which result in a net zero impact on net income (loss) for the Company.
The following table summarizes the change in fair value of the Company's Level 3 assets and liabilities and transfers in and out of Level 3 for the year ended December 31, 2012:
For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the transfers in and out of Level 3 for fixed maturities including securities pledged, equity securities and separate accounts were due to the variation in inputs relied upon for valuation each quarter. Securities that are primarily valued using independent broker quotes when prices are not available from one of the commercial pricing services are reflected as transfers into Level 3. When securities are valued using more widely available information, the securities are transferred out of Level 3 and into Level 1 or 2, as appropriate.
Actuarial Assumptions: Management regularly reviews actuarial assumptions, which are based on the Company's experience and periodically reviewed against industry standards. Industry standards and Company experience may be limited on certain products.
The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2012:
Interest accrued at the following rates for VOBA: 1.0% to 7.0% during 2013, 5.0% to 7.0% during 2012 and 5.0% to 7.0% during 2011.
Premiums were reduced by the following amounts for reinsurance ceded for the periods indicated.
During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, ILIAC did not receive any capital contributions from its Parent. During the year ended December 31, 2011, ILIAC received capital contributions of $201.0 in the aggregate from its Parent.
(3) See "Note 11. Benefit Plans" for amounts reported in Net Periodic (Benefit) Costs.
(4) Amount includes $22.0 valuation allowance. See "Note 10. Income Taxes" for additional information.
For 2012, the difference between the income tax provision as computed and the federal statutory rate was primarily due to a decrease in our estimate of certain deferred tax assets. Based on its 2011 tax return as filed, the Company decreased its estimated deferred tax assets by $28.1.
For the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, there were no total increases (decreases) in the valuation allowance. For the year ended December 31, 2011 there was a (decrease) of $(109.0). In the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were increases (decreases) of $67.6, $0.0 and $(87.0), respectively, in the valuation allowance that were allocated to operations. In the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, there were increases (decreases) of $(67.6), $0.0 and $(22.0), respectively, that were allocated to Other comprehensive income.
Effective January 1, 2013, the Company entered into a new tax sharing agreement with ING U.S., Inc. which provides that, for 2013 and subsequent years, ING U.S., Inc. will pay the Company for the tax benefits of ordinary and capital losses only in the event that the consolidated tax group actually uses the tax benefit of losses generated.
During the first quarter 2013, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") completed its examination of ING U.S., Inc.'s return for tax year 2011. The 2011 audit settlement did not have a material impact on the Company's financial statements. ING U.S., Inc. is currently under audit by the IRS, and it is expected that the examination of tax year 2012 will be finalized within the next twelve months. ING U.S., Inc. and the IRS have agreed to participate in the Compliance Assurance Program for the tax years 2012 through 2014.
ING North America Insurance Corporation ("ING North America") sponsors the ING U.S. Retirement Plan (the "Retirement Plan"), effective as of December 31, 2001. Substantially all employees of ING North America and its affiliates (excluding certain employees) are eligible to participate, including the Company's employees other than Company agents.
The Retirement Plan is a tax-qualified defined benefit plan, the benefits of which are guaranteed (within certain specified legal limits) by the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation ("PBGC"). The costs allocated to the Company for its employees' participation in the Retirement Plan were $6.5, $19.1 and $24.6 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively and are included in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
ING North America sponsors the ING U.S. Savings Plan and ESOP (the "Savings Plan"). Substantially all employees of ING North America and its affiliates (excluding certain employees, including but not limited to Career Agents) are eligible to participate, including the Company's employees other than Company agents. Career Agents are certain, full-time insurance salespeople who have entered into a career agent agreement with the Company and certain other individuals who meet specified eligibility criteria. The Savings Plan is a tax-qualified defined contribution retirement plan, which includes an employee stock ownership plan ("ESOP") component. The Savings Plan was most recently amended effective January 1, 2011 to permit Roth 401(k) contributions to be made to the Plan. ING North America filed a request for a determination letter on the qualified status of the Plan and received a favorable determination letter dated November 4, 2013. Savings Plan benefits are not guaranteed by the PBGC. The Savings Plan allows eligible participants to defer into the Savings Plan a specified percentage of eligible compensation on a pre-tax basis. ING North America matches such pre-tax contributions, up to a maximum of 6.0% of eligible compensation. Matching contributions are subject to a 4-year graded vesting schedule, although certain specified participants are subject to a 5-year graded vesting schedule. All contributions made to the Savings Plan are subject to certain limits imposed by applicable law. The cost allocated to the Company for the Savings Plan were $10.8, $9.7 and $9.8, for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively, and are included in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Effective December 31, 2001, the Company, in conjunction with ING North America, offered certain eligible employees (other than Career Agents) a Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan and an Excess Plan (collectively, the "SERPs"). Benefit accruals under Aetna Financial Services SERPs ceased, effective as of December 31, 2001 and participants begin accruing benefits under ING North America SERPs. Benefits under the SERPs are determined based on an eligible employee's years of service and average annual compensation for the highest five years during the last ten years of employment.
The following table summarizes the benefit obligations for the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan for the periods presented:
The weighted-average assumptions used in the measurement of the December 31, 2013 and 2012 benefit obligation for the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan, were as follows:
In 2014, the employer is expected to contribute $6.1 to the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan. Future expected benefit payments related to the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan, for the years ended December 31, 2014 through 2018 and thereafter through 2023, are estimated to be $6.1, $5.3, $5.2, $5.3, $5.5 and $27.8, respectively.
The Company was allocated compensation expense from ING and ING U.S., Inc. of $17.0, $11.0 and $12.6 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, respectively.
The ING U.S. 401(k) Plan for ILIAC Agents, which allows participants to defer a specified percentage of eligible compensation on a pre-tax basis. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company match equals 60% of a participant's pre-tax deferral contribution, with a maximum of 6% of the participant's eligible pay. A request for a determination letter on the qualified status of the ING U.S. 401(k) Plan for ILIAC Agents was filed with the IRS on January 1, 2008. A favorable determination letter was received dated January 5, 2011.
The ING U.S. Supplemental Executive Retirement Plan, which is a non-qualified defined benefit restoration pension plan.
The ING U.S. Deferred Compensation Savings Plan, which is a non-qualified deferred compensation plan that includes a 401(k) excess component.
The DECD Loan provided for loan forgiveness during the first five years of the term at varying amounts up to $5.0 if ILIAC and its affiliates met certain employment thresholds at the Windsor Property during that period. On December 1, 2008, the DECD determined that the Company had met the employment thresholds for loan forgiveness and, accordingly, forgave $5.0 of the DECD Loan to ILIAC in accordance with the terms of the DECD Loan. The DECD Loan provides additional loan forgiveness at varying amounts up to $4.9 if ILIAC and its ING affiliates meet certain employment thresholds at the Windsor Property during years five through ten of the loan. ILIAC's obligations under the DECD Loan are secured by an unlimited recourse guaranty from its affiliate, ING North America Insurance Corporation. In November 2012, ILIAC provided a letter of credit to the DECD in the amount of $10.6 as security for its repayment obligations with respect to the loan.
All of the Company's expenses for leased and subleased office properties are paid for by an affiliate and allocated back to the Company, as all remaining operating leases were executed by ING North America Insurance Corporation as of December 31, 2008, which resulted in the Company no longer being party to any operating leases. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, rent expense for leases was $4.0, $4.9 and $5.0, respectively.
The Company is required to maintain assets on deposit with various regulatory authorities to support its insurance operations. The Company may also post collateral in connection with certain securities lending, repurchase agreements, funding agreement, LOC
and derivative transactions as described further in this note. The components of the fair value of the restricted assets were as follows as of the dates indicated:
(1) Includes the fair value of loaned securities of $97.6 and $180.2 as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, respectively, which is included in Securities pledged on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. In addition, as of December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company delivered securities as collateral of $42.5 and $39.5, respectively, which was included in Securities pledged on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
ILIAC has certain agreements whereby it generates revenues and incurs expenses with affiliated entities. The agreements are as follows:
Investment Advisory agreement with ING Investment Management LLC ("IIM"), an affiliate, in which IIM provides asset management, administrative and accounting services for ILIAC's general account. ILIAC incurs a fee, which is paid quarterly, based on the value of the assets under management. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, expenses were incurred in the amounts of $27.7, $27.0 and $22.8, respectively.
Services agreement with ING North America for administrative, management, financial and information technology services, dated January 1, 2001 and amended effective January 1, 2002. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, expenses were incurred in the amounts of $187.1, $183.5 and $180.6, respectively.
Service agreement with ING Institutional Plan Services, LLC ("IIPS") effective November 30, 2008 pursuant to which IIPS provides recordkeeper services to certain benefit plan clients of ILIAC. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, ILIAC's net earnings related to the agreement were in the amount of $8.2, $7.1 and $8.4, respectively.
Intercompany agreement with IIM pursuant to which IIM agreed, effective January 1, 2010, to pay the Company, on a monthly basis, a portion of the revenues IIM earns as investment adviser to certain U.S. registered investment companies that are investment options under certain of the Company's variable insurance products. For the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, revenue under the IIM intercompany agreement was $30.5, $26.2 and $24.7, respectively.
The Company maintains a reciprocal loan agreement with ING U.S., Inc., an affiliate, to facilitate the handling of unanticipated short-term cash requirements that arise in the ordinary course of business. Under this agreement, which became effective in June 2001 and based upon its renewal on April 1, 2011 expires on April 1, 2016, either party can borrow from the other up to 3% of the Company's statutory admitted assets as of the preceding December 31. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, interest on any Company borrowing was charged at the rate of ING U.S., Inc.'s cost of funds for the interest period, plus 0.15%. During the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011, interest on any ING U.S., Inc. borrowing was charged at a rate based on the prevailing interest rate of U.S. commercial paper available for purchase with a similar duration. Effective January 2014, interest on any borrowing by either the Company or ING U.S., Inc. is charged at a rate based on the prevailing market rate for similar third-party borrowings or securities.
On December 29, 2004, ING USA issued a surplus note in the principal amount of $175.0 (the "Note") scheduled to mature on December 29, 2034, to ILIAC. The Note bears interest at a rate of 6.26% per year. Interest is scheduled to be paid semi-annually in arrears on June 29 and December 29 of each year, commencing on June 29, 2005. Interest income was $11.1 for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2012 and 2011.
The purchase price for the participation payable by the Dutch State was set at 90% of the par value of the 80% interest in the securities as of that date. This purchase price was payable in installments, was recognized as a loan granted to the Dutch State with a value of $794.4, and was recorded as Loan-Dutch State Obligation on the Consolidated Balance Sheets (the "Dutch State Obligation"). Under the transaction, other fees were payable by both the Company and the Dutch State.