On December 13, 2000, ING America Insurance Holdings, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ING Groep N.V. ("ING"), acquired Aetna Inc., comprised of the Aetna Financial Services business, of which the Company is a part, and the Aetna International business, for approximately $7.7 billion. The purchase price was comprised of approximately $5.0 billion in cash and the assumption of $2.7 billion of outstanding debt and other net liabilities. In connection with the acquisition, Aetna Inc. was renamed Lion Connecticut Holdings Inc. ("Lion"). At the time of the sale, Lion entered into certain transition services agreements with a former related party, Aetna U.S. Healthcare, which was renamed Aetna Inc. ("former Aetna"). Refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
On July 1 1999, HOLDCO contributed IA Holdco to the Company. On February 28, 2002, ILIAC distributed IA Holdco to HOLDCO in the form of a dividend. The primary operating subsidiary of IA Holdco is Aeltus Investment Management, Inc. ("Aeltus"). Aeltus, along with its subsidiaries, comprises the Investment Management Services segment. Refer to Notes 2 and 16 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued) CONSOLIDATED RESULTS (continued)
Substantially all of the charges assessed against policyholders and other income reported for continuing operations are derived from assets under management and administration. Compared to prior years, assets under management and administration at December 31, 2001 decreased 2% and at December 31, 2000 increased 5%. The decrease in 2001 is primarily due to a decline in the stock market, substantially offset by additional assets associated with new administrative contracts. The increase in 2000 is primarily due to additional assets associated with new investment advisory and administrative contracts (including approximately $3 billion of plan assets from a new large case, which closed in the second quarter of 2000) and additional net deposits. This increase was partially offset by the stock market decline in the last half of 2000.
Certain assets under management reported under the Worksite Products and Individual Products segments are also reported under the Investment Management Services segment, because each segment reports a different component of the revenue generated from this particular group of assets. The group of assets that are reported in more than one segment must be deducted from the aggregate segment assets to determine the consolidated assets under management of the Company.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued) WORKSITE PRODUCTS
(1) Year-ended 2000 data reflects an aggregation of the pre-acquisition period of the eleven months ended November 30, 2000 and the post acquisition period of one month ended December 31, 2000. (2) Includes $75.0 million in 2001, $107.8 million in 2000 and $71.5 million in 1999 for annuity premiums on contracts converting from the accumulation phase to payout options with life contingencies. (3) Restructuring charges and amortization of goodwill incurred in 2001 and Year 2000 costs incurred in 1999 are not allocated to segment expenses; and, therefore, are excluded in the determination of segment net income. (4) Includes $12,287.2 million, $24,367.5 million, and $26,582.4 million of assets under management at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respec- tively, that are also reported in the Investment Management Services segment (refer to "Consolidated Results"). (5) Excludes net unrealized capital gains of $253.6 million and $106.8 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, and net unrealized capital losses of $217.8 million at December 31, 1999. (6) Includes $8,546.1 million at December 31, 2001, $10,068.6 million at December 31, 2000, and $9,935.7 million at December 31, 1999 related to assets invested through the Company's products in unaffiliated mutual funds. (7) Represents assets for which the Company provides administrative services only.
Worksite Products' net income decreased $8 million in 2001 and $14 million in 2000. Excluding net realized capital losses, net income decreased $9 million, or 6%, in 2001 and $6 million, or 3% in 2000. The decrease in 2001 net income excluding net realized capital losses is primarily due to a
Charges assessed against policyholders for the year-ended December 31, 2001 decreased because assets under management were lower throughout most of 2001 when compared to 2000. Assets under management were lower in 2001 due to a continued decline in the stock market through the first three quarters of 2001, partially offset by additional net deposits (i.e., deposits less surrenders).
For the year-ended December 31, 2000, charges assessed against policyholders increased when compared to 1999. This increase resulted from higher levels of assets under management through the first three quarters of 2000. The decrease in assets under management in the fourth quarter of 2000 resulted from a decline in the stock market that began in the last half of 2000 but was more than offset by additional net deposits until the fourth quarter.
Assets under administration increased 24% and 87% at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, compared to prior year-ends, due primarily to additional assets associated with new administration contracts offset by declines in the stock market.
Annuity deposits relate to annuity contracts not containing life contingencies. Compared to prior years, deposits were relatively level for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and decreased 9%, for the year-ended December 31, 2000. The decrease for the year-ended December 31, 2000 results from the fact that net deposits in 1999 included the plan assets from two large new cases.
Compared to prior years, salaries and related benefits decreased 6% for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and increased 34% for the year-ended December 31, 2000. The decrease in 2001 primarily reflects lower staffing levels due to continued integration efforts. The increase in 2000 primarily reflects higher staffing levels needed to support business growth and the implementation of strategic business initiatives, particularly improving system infrastructures and adding new distribution capabilities. Other operating expenses decreased 8% for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and increased 23% for the year-ended December 31, 2000 compared to prior years. The decrease in 2001 is primarily the result of management's continued focus on expense reduction initiatives. The increase in 2000 is primarily due to business growth and implementation of strategic business initiatives.
Compared to prior years, salaries and related benefits decreased 18% for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and increased 36% for the year-ended December 31, 2000. The decrease in 2001 primarily reflects lower staffing levels due to integration efforts. The increase in 2000 primarily reflects higher staffing levels needed to support business growth and the implementation of strategic business initiatives, particularly improving system infrastructures and adding new distribution capabilities. Other operating expenses increased 35% for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and 30% for the year-ended December 31, 2000 compared to prior years. Other operating expenses in 2001 were affected by a lower level of policy acquisition expenses being deferred in order to conform with ING's deferral practice. The resulting increase was partially offset by lower overall operating expenses due to management's continued focus on expense reduction initiatives. The increase in 2000 is primarily due to business growth and implementation of strategic business initiatives.
Effective April 1, 2001, ING Investment Management, LLC (IIM), an affiliate of the Company, replaced Aeltus Investment Management, Inc. ("Aeltus"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of the Company at that time, as the advisor for the investments supporting the Company's fixed annuity products. Aeltus, along with its subsidiaries, comprises the Investment Management Services segment. Subsequent to the effective date of the new advisory agreement, ILIAC pays advisory fees relating to these assets under management to IIM instead of Aeltus.
(1) Year-ended 2000 data reflects an aggregation of the pre-acquisition period of the eleven months ended November 30, 2000 and the post acquisition period of one month ended December 31, 2000. (2) Primarily includes investment advisory fees earned on assets under management. (3) Restructuring charges and amortization of goodwill incurred in 2001 and Year 2000 costs incurred in 1999 are not allocated to segment operating expenses and, therefore, excluded in the determination of segment net income. (4) As of December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, amounts included $2,648.1 million, $5,837.1 million and $6,986.3 million, respectively, of assets managed for Aetna Life Insurance Company, a former affiliate of the Company (refer to Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). (5) The Investment Management Services segment earns investment advisory fees on these assets, which are also reported in the Worksite Products and Individual Products segments. (6) In accordance with a new advisory agreement effective April 1, 2001, ING Investment Management, LLC, an affiliate of the Company, manages the investments supporting the Company 's fixed annuity products. (7) Excludes net unrealized capital losses of $126.9 million at December 31, 2000 and net unrealized capital gains of $247.9 million at December 31, 1999.
Compared to prior years, salary and related benefits decreased 44% for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and increased 78% for the year-ended December 31, 2000. The decrease in 2001 is primarily due to the implementation of new long-term compensation agreements by Aeltus at the beginning of the year. The increase in 2000 is the result of higher variable compensation expense caused by change in control provisions in certain compensation plans, which were triggered by ING's purchase of the Company, and business growth. For the years-ended December 31, 2001 and 2000, other operating expenses decreased 9% and increased 26%, respectively, compared to prior years. The decrease in 2001 is primarily due to management's continued focus on expense reduction initiatives and the increase in 2000 is due to business growth.
The percentage of total debt securities investments by quality rating category is as follows:
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued) GENERAL ACCOUNT INVESTMENTS (continued) INTEREST RATE RISK
Based on the Company's overall exposure to interest rate risk and equity price risk, the Company believes that these changes in market rates and prices would not materially affect the consolidated near-term financial position, results of operations or cash flows of the Company.
Generally, the Company meets its operating requirements by maintaining appropriate levels of liquidity in its investment portfolio and using overall cash flows from premiums, deposits, asset maturities and income received on investments. Cash provided from these sources is used primarily for benefit payments, contract withdrawals and operating expenses.
Debt securities and mortgage loans have cashflow characteristics that were selected to approximate the cashflow characteristics of the liabilities they support. The general account of the Company has been segmented to improve the asset/liability matching process. The cashflow characteristics of these investments are monitored, and investment purchases and sales are executed with the objective of having adequate funds available to satisfy the Company's maturing liabilities.
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued) LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES (continued) As the Company's investment strategy focuses on matching asset and liability cashflow characteristics, and since the assessments of these characteristics are dependent on numerous cash flow assumptions, asset sales may, from time to time, be required to satisfy liability obligations and/or rebalance asset portfolios. The investment portfolios are closely monitored to assess asset and liability matching in order to rebalance the portfolios as conditions warrant.
The Company did not receive any capital contributions in 2001 and 1999. In 2000, the Company received capital contributions of $73.5 million in cash and $56.0 million in assets from HOLDCO.
The Company paid $10.1 million and $255.7 million in cash dividends to HOLDCO in 2000 and 1999, respectively. Of the $255.7 million paid in 1999, $206.0 million was accrued for in 1998. For the year-ended December 31, 2001, the Company did not pay any cash dividends to HOLDCO. The Company is restricted from paying any dividends to HOLDCO in 2002 without prior approval by the Insurance Commissioner of the State of Connecticut.
We have identified the accounting policies below as critical to our business operations and understanding of our results of operations. For a detailed discussion of the application of these and other accounting policies, see Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. Note that the application of these accounting policies in the preparation of this report requires management to use judgments involving assumptions and estimates concerning future results or other developments including the likelihood, timing or amount of one or more future transactions or events. There can be no assurance that actual results will not differ from those estimates. These judgments are reviewed frequently by senior management, and an understanding of them may enhance the reader's understanding of the Company's financial statements and Management's Discussion and Analysis.
The Company establishes reserves for possible adjustments by various taxing authorities. Management believes there are sufficient reserves provided for, or adequate defenses against, any such adjustments.
Set forth below are certain important risk factors that, in addition to general economic conditions and other factors (some of which are discussed elsewhere in this report), may affect these forward-looking statements and our businesses generally.
EARLY WITHDRAWAL OF ASSETS COULD AFFECT EARNINGS. We incur up-front costs, such as commissions, when we sell our annuity and other financial services products. We generally defer these costs and recognize them over time. As a result, the retention of assets under these products is an important component of profitability. We generally seek to structure our products and sales to encourage retention of assets under management and administration or recover costs, through surrender charges, higher credited rates to customers if we retain their assets for longer periods, paying renewal commissions, paying service fees or other terms. However, if customers withdraw assets earlier than we anticipated when we priced the products, it would adversely affect profitability. We could also experience competitive pressure to lower margins.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries (formerly Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries and hereafter referred to as the Company) as of December 31, 2001, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholder's equity, and cash flows for the then year ended. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
The Shareholder and Board of Directors ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries, formerly known as Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company and Subsidiaries, as of December 31, 2000, and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholder's equity and cash flows for the period from December 1, 2000 to December 31, 2000 ("Successor Company"), and for the period from January 1, 2000 to November 30, 2000 and the year ended December 31, 1999 ("Preacquisition Company"). These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Companies' management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
ING Life Insurance and Annuity Company ("ILIAC"), formerly known as Aetna Life Insurance and Annuity Company ("ALIAC") and its wholly owned subsidiaries (collectively, the "Company") are providers of financial products and services and investment management services in the United States. The Company has three business segments: Worksite Products, Individual Products and Investment Management Services. On October 1, 1998, the Company sold its individual life insurance business to Lincoln National Corporation ("Lincoln") and accordingly, it is now classified as Discontinued Operations (refer to Note 3).
On December 13, 2000, ING America Insurance Holdings, Inc. ("ING AIH"), an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of ING, acquired Aetna Inc., comprised of the Aetna Financial Services business, of which the Company is a part, and the Aetna International business, for approximately $7.7 billion. The purchase price was comprised of approximately $5.0 billion in cash and the assumption of $2.7 billion of outstanding debt and other net liabilities. In connection with the acquisition, Aetna Inc. was renamed Lion Connecticut Holdings Inc. ("Lion"). At the time of the sale, Lion entered into certain transition services agreements with a former related party, Aetna U.S. Healthcare, which was renamed Aetna Inc. ("former Aetna").
For accounting purposes, the acquisition was recorded as of November 30, 2000 using the purchase method. The effects of this transaction, including the recognition of goodwill, were pushed down and reflected on the financial statements of certain ARSI (a subsidiary of Lion) subsidiaries, including the Company. The Balance Sheet changes related to accounting for this purchase were entirely non-cash in nature and accordingly have been excluded from the pre-acquisition Consolidated Statement of Cash Flow for the eleven months ended November 30, 2000.
The purchase price was allocated to assets and liabilities based on their respective fair values. This revaluation resulted in a net increase to assets, excluding the effects of goodwill, of $592.0 million and a net increase to liabilities of $310.6 million. Additionally, the Company established goodwill of $2.3 billion. Goodwill was being amortized over a period of 40 years.
The Company completed the review of severance actions related to individuals who were employed before or at the acquisition date and determined that an additional severance accrual was necessary;
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) The Company completed its valuation of certain benefit plan liabilities and, as a result, reduced those benefit plan liabilities;
The Company adjusted its reserve for policyholders' funds left with the company in order to conform its accounting policies with those of ING;
The Worksite Products segment includes annuity contracts that offer a variety of funding and payout options for employer-sponsored retirement plans qualified under Internal Revenue Code Sections 401, 403, 408, and 457, nonqualified annuity contracts, and mutual funds. Annuity contracts may be deferred or immediate ("payout annuities"). These products also include programs offered to qualified plans and nonqualified deferred compensation plans that package administrative and recordkeeping services along with a menu of investment options, including mutual funds (both ILIAC and nonaffiliated mutual funds), variable and fixed investment options. Worksite products also include investment advisory services and pension plan administrative services.
The Individual Products segment includes both deferred and immediate annuity contracts, which may be qualified or nonqualified, that are sold to individuals. These contracts also offer a choice of fixed or variable investment options, including both ILIAC and nonaffiliated mutual funds.
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Portfolios, Inc. (formerly known as the Aetna Variable Portfolios, Inc.); distribution services for other company products; and trustee, administrative, and other fiduciary services to retirement plans requiring or otherwise utilizing a trustee or custodian.
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Financial Accounting Standard ("FAS") No. 133, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities, as amended and interpreted by FAS No. 137, Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activites -- Deferral of the Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 133, FAS No. 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities -- an Amendment of FASB No. 133, and certain FAS No. 133 implementation issues. This standard, as amended, requires companies to record all derivatives on the balance sheet as either assets or liabilities and measure those instruments at fair value. The manner in which companies are to record gains or losses resulting from changes in the fair values of those derivatives depends on the use of the derivative and whether it qualifies for hedge accounting. FAS 133 was effective for the Company's financial statements beginning January 1, 2001.
Adoption of FAS No. 133 did not have a material effect on the Company's financial position or results of operations given the Company's limited derivative and embedded derivative holdings. (Refer to Note 5).
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) The Company utilizes options, interest rate floors and warrants in order to manage interest rate and price risk (collectively, market risk). These financial exposures are monitored and managed by the Company as an integral part of the its overall risk management program. (Refer to Note 5). Derivatives are recognized on the balance sheet at their fair value. The Company chose not to designate its derivative instruments as part of hedge transactions. Therefore, changes in the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments are recorded immediately in the consolidated statements of income as part of realized capital gains and losses.
The Company occasionally purchases a financial instrument that contains a derivative that is "embedded" in the instrument. In addition, the Company's insurance products are reviewed to determine whether they contain an embedded derivative. The Company assesses whether the economic characteristics of the embedded derivative are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the remaining component of the financial instrument or insurance product (i.e., the host contract) and whether a separate instrument with the same terms as the embedded instrument would meet the definition of a derivative instrument. When it is determined that the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract and that a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is separated from the host contract and carried at fair value. However, in cases where the host contract is measured at fair value, with changes in fair value reported in current period earnings or the Company is unable to reliably identify and measure the embedded derivative for separation from its host contracts, the entire contract is carried on the balance sheet at fair value and is not designated as a hedging instrument (refer to Note 5).
In July 2001, the FASB issued FAS No. 142, Accounting for Goodwill and Intangible Assets. Under the new standard, goodwill and intangible assets deemed to have indefinite lives will no
Securities determined to have a decline in value that is other than temporary are written down to estimated fair value which becomes the securities' new cost basis by a charge to realized losses in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations. Premiums and discounts are amortized/ accrued utilizing the scientific interest method which results in a constant yield over the securities' expected lives. Amortization/accrual of premiums and discounts on mortgage-related securities incorporates a prepayment assumption to estimate the securities expected lives.
Included in available-for-sale securities are investments that support experience-rated products. Experience-rated products are products where the customer, not the Company, assumes investment (including realized capital gains and losses on the sale of invested assets) and other risks, subject to, among other things, principal and interest guarantees. Realized gains and losses on the sale of, as well as unrealized capital gains and losses on, investments supporting these products are reflected in policyholders' funds left with the Company. Realized capital gains and losses on all other investments are reflected on all other investments are reflected in the Company's results of operations. Unrealized capital gains and losses on all other investments are reflected in shareholder's equity, net of related income taxes.
1. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (continued) Purchases and sales of debt and equity securities (excluding private placements) are recorded on the trade date. Purchases and sales of private placements and mortgage loans are recorded on the closing date.
Dollar rolls and reverse repurchase agreement transactions are accounted for as collateral borrowings, where the amount borrowed is equal to the sales price of the underlying securities. These transactions are reported in "Other Liabilities."
Mortgage loans on real estate are reported at amortized cost less a valuation allowance. If the value of any mortgage loan is determined to be impaired (i.e., when it is probable the Company will be unable to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan agreement), the carrying value of the mortgage loan is reduced to the present value of expected cash flows from the loan, discounted at the loan's effective interest rate, or to the loan's observable market price, or the fair value of the underlying collateral. The carrying value of the impaired loans is reduced by establishing a valuation allowance which is adjusted at each reporting date for significant changes in the calculated value of the loan. Changes in this valuation allowance are charged or credited to income.
The Company's use of derivatives is limited to hedging purposes. The Company enters into interest rate and currency contracts, including swaps, caps, and floors to reduce and manage risks associated with changes in value, yield, price, cash flow or exchange rates of assets or liabilities held or intended to be held. Changes in the fair value of open derivative contracts are recorded in net realized capital gains and losses (Refer to Note 5).
Goodwill, which represents the excess of cost over the fair value of net assets acquired, was amortized on a straight-line basis over 40 years. Refer to "Future Accounting Standard" within Note 1 for related information regarding the accounting for goodwill.
Certain costs of acquiring certain insurance business are deferred. These costs, all of which vary with and are primarily related to the production of new and renewal business, consist principally of commissions, certain expenses of underwriting and issuing contracts, and certain agency expenses. For certain annuity and pension contracts, such costs are amortized in proportion to estimated gross profits and adjusted to reflect actual gross profits over the life of the contracts (up to 30 years for annuity and pension contracts).
Activity for the year-ended December 31, 2001 within VOBA was as follows:
The estimated amount of VOBA to be amortized, net of interest, over the next five years is $81.1 million, $95.5 million, $103.3 million, $96.6 million and $89.5 million for the years 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006, respectively. Actual amortization incurred during these years may vary as assumptions are modified to incorporate actual results.
Policyholders' funds left with the Company include reserves for deferred annuity investment contracts and immediate annuities without life contingent payouts. Reserves on such contracts are equal to cumulative deposits less charges and withdrawals plus credited interest thereon (rates range from 2.0% to 14.0% for all years presented) net of adjustments for investment experience that the Company is entitled to reflect in future credited interest. These reserves also include unrealized gains/losses related to FAS No. 115 for experience-rated contracts. Reserves on contracts subject to experience rating reflect the rights of contractholders, plan participants and the Company.
Separate Accounts assets supporting variable options under universal life and annuity contracts are invested, as designated by the contractholder or participant under a contract (who bears the investment risk subject, in limited cases, to minimum guaranteed rates) in shares of mutual funds
Separate Accounts assets are carried at fair value. At December 31, 2001 and 2000, unrealized gains of $10.8 million and of $9.5 million, respectively, after taxes, on assets supporting a guaranteed interest option are reflected in shareholder's equity.
On July 1, 1999, HOLDCO contributed IA Holdco to the Company. The primary operating subsidiary of IA Holdco is Aeltus which has two wholly-owned operating subsidiaries: Aeltus Capital, Inc. ("ACI"), a broker dealer, and Aeltus Trust Company ("ATC"), a limited purpose banking entity. Aeltus is a registered investment advisor under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and provides investment advisory services to institutional and retail clients on a fee-for-service basis. In addition, Aeltus, through its ACI subsidiary, serves as underwriter to the ING Series Fund, Inc. (formerly known as the Aetna Series Fund, Inc.), and the ING Variable Portfolios, Inc. (formerly known as the Aetna Variable Portfolios, Inc.),and provides distribution services for other Company products. Aeltus' ATC subsidiary provides trustee, administrative, and other fiduciary services to retirement plans requiring or otherwise utilizing a trustee or custodian (refer to Note 16).
On October 1, 1998, the Company sold its domestic individual life insurance business to Lincoln for $1 billion in cash. The transaction was generally in the form of an indemnity reinsurance arrangement, under which Lincoln contractually assumed from the Company certain policyholder liabilities and obligations, although the Company remains directly obligated to policyholders. Assets related to and supporting the life policies were transferred to Lincoln and the Company recorded a reinsurance recoverable from Lincoln. The transaction resulted in an after-tax gain on the sale of approximately $117 million, of which $57.7 million was deferred and was being recognized over approximately 15 years. The remaining portion of the gain was recognized immediately in net income and was largely attributed to access to the agency sales force and brokerage distribution channel. Approximately $5.7 million (after tax) of amortization related to the deferred gain was recognized in both 2000 and 1999. During the fourth quarter of 1999, the Company refined certain accrual and tax estimates which had been established in connection with the recording of the deferred gain. As a result, the deferred gain was increased by $12.9 million (after tax) to $65.4 million at December 31, 1999.
In conjunction with the accounting for the 2000 acquisition of the Aetna Financial Services business, of which the Company is a part, the deferred gain, which was previously part of other liabilities, was written off (Refer to Note 1).
3. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS--INDIVIDUAL LIFE INSURANCE (continued) $419.1 million and $416.1 million, and in 1999 totaled $476.5 million and $513.4 million, respectively.
At December 31, 2001 and 2000, net unrealized appreciation of $291.0 million and $126.9 million, respectively, on available-for-sale debt securities including debt securities pledged to creditors included $233.0 million and $92.9 million, respectively, related to experience-rated contracts, which were not reflected in shareholder's equity but in policyholders' funds left with the Company.
The Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. government, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company's shareholder's equity at December 31, 2001.
(1) At December 31, 2001 and 2000, approximately 80% and 84%, respectively, of the Company's residential CMO holdings were backed by government agencies such as GNMA, FNMA, and FHLMC.
There are various categories of CMOs which are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and, for CMOs that are not agency-backed, defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to dramatic decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the repayment of principal from the underlying mortgages either earlier or later than originally anticipated. At December 31, 2001 and 2000, approximately 3% and 2%, respectively, of the Company's CMO holdings were invested in types of CMOs
4. INVESTMENTS (continued) which are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs (such as interest-only or principal-only strips).
Beginning in April 2001, the Company entered into dollar roll and reverse repurchase agreement transactions to increase its return on investments and improve liquidity. These transactions involve a sale of securities by the Company and an agreement to repurchase substantially the same securities as those sold, typically within one month. The dollar rolls and reverse repurchase agreements are accounted for as short-term collateralized financings and are reported within "Other Liabilities" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The repurchase obligation totaled $1.0 billion at December 31, 2001. Such borrowings averaged approximately $882.1 million from April through December 2001 and were collateralized by investment securities with fair values approximately equal to loan value. The primary risk associated with short-term collateralized borrowings is that the counterparty will be unable to perform under the terms of the contract. The Company's exposure is limited to the excess of the net replacement cost of the securities over the value of the short-term investments, an amount that was not material at December 31, 2001. The Company believes the counterparties to the dollar roll and reverse repurchase agreements are financially responsible and that the counterparty risk is immaterial.
The carrying values and estimated fair values of certain of the Company's financial instruments at December 31, 2001 and 2000 were as follows:
Interest rate floors are used to manage the interest rate risk in the Company's bond portfolio. Interest rate floors are purchased contracts that provide the Company with an annuity in a declining interest rate environment. The Company had no open interest rate floors at December 31, 2001 or 2000.
Foreign exchange swaps are used to reduce the risk of a change in the value, yield or cash flow with respect to invested assets. Foreign exchange swaps represent contracts that require the exchange of foreign currency cash flows for US dollar cash flows at regular interim periods, typically quarterly or semi-annually. The notional amount, carrying value and estimated fair value
5. FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS (continued) of the Company's open foreign exchange rate swaps as of December 31, 2001 were $25.0 million, $0.7 and $0.7 million, respectively.
Net investment income includes amounts allocable to experience-rated contractholders of $704.2 million for the year-ended December 31, 2001 and $55.9 million and $622.2 million for the one month and eleven month periods ended December 31, 2000 and November 30, 2000, respectively, and $659.6 million for the year-ended December 31, 1999. Interest credited to contractholders is included in current and future benefits.
The Company paid $10.1 million and $255.7 million in cash dividends to HOLDCO in 2000 and 1999, respectively. Of the $255.7 million paid in 1999, $206.0 million was accrued for in 1998. For the year-ended December 31, 2001, the Company did not pay any cash dividends to HOLDCO.
The Insurance Department of the State of Connecticut (the "Department") recognizes as net income and capital and surplus those amounts determined in conformity with statutory
For 2001, the Company was required to implement statutory accounting changes ("Codification") ratified by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners and state insurance departments. The cumulative effect of Codification to the Company's statutory surplus as of December 31, 2001 was a decrease of $12.5 million.
Net realized capital gains (losses) of $117.0 million, $(16.8) million and $(36.7) million for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively, allocable to experience-rated contracts, were deducted from net realized capital gains and an offsetting amount was reflected in Policyholders' funds left with the Company. Net unamortized gains allocable to experienced-rated contractholders were $172.7 million and $45.1 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
Net unrealized capital gains allocable to experience-rated contracts of $233.0 million and $92.9 million at December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, are reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Policyholders' funds left with the Company and are not included in shareholder's equity. Shareholder's equity included the following accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), which is net of amounts allocable to experience-rated contractholders, at December 31:
8. CAPITAL GAINS AND LOSSES ON INVESTMENT OPERATIONS (continued) Changes in accumulated other comprehensive income related to changes in unrealized gains (losses) on securities, including securities pledged to creditors (excluding those related to experience-rated contractholders) were as follows:
(1) Pretax unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the year were $12.7 million, $108.0 million and $(225.2) million for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively. (2) Pretax reclassification adjustments for (losses) gains and other items included in net income were $(19.8) million, $(0.1) million and $5.0 million for 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively.
In December 2001, ING announced its intentions to further integrate and streamline the U.S.-based operations of ING Americas, of which the Company is a part, in order to build a more customer-focused organization. In connection with these actions, the Company recorded a charge of $29.2 million pretax. The severance portion of this charge ($28.4 million pretax) is based on a plan to eliminate 580 positions (primarily operations, information technology and other administrative/staff support personnel). Severance actions are expected to be substantially complete by March 31, 2003. The facilities portion ($.8 million pretax) of the charge represents the amount to be incurred by the Company to terminate a contractual obligation.
In December 2000, the Company, in accounting for its acquisition by ING, established a severance liability related to actions taken or expected to be taken with respect to the integration of the Company's and ING's businesses. Subsequent to the date of the acquisition, the Company completed a full review of severance actions related to individuals who were employed before or at the acquisition date and determined that certain refinements in the allocation of the purchase price to the severance liability were necessary. Activity for the year-ended December 31, 2001 within this severance liability and positions eliminated related to such actions were as follows:
10. INCOME TAXES (continued) Income taxes were different from the amount computed by applying the federal income tax rate to income from continuing operations before income taxes for the following reasons:
10. INCOME TAXES (continued) The tax effects of temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities at December 31 are presented below:
The "Policyholders' Surplus Account," which arose under prior tax law, is generally that portion of a life insurance company's statutory income that has not been subject to taxation. As of December 31, 1983, no further additions could be made to the Policyholders' Surplus Account for tax return purposes under the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984. The balance in such account was approximately $17.2 million at December 31, 2001. This amount would be taxed only under certain conditions. No income taxes have been provided on this amount since management believes under current tax law the conditions under which such taxes would become payable are remote.
Prior to December 31, 2001, ILIAC, in conjunction with ING, had a qualified defined benefit pension plan covering substantially all employees ("Transition Pension Plan"). The Transition Pension Plan provided pension benefits based on a cash balance formula, which credited employees annually with an amount equal to a percentage of eligible pay based on age and years of service as well as an interest credit based on individual account balances. Contributions were determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method and were limited to the amounts that are tax-deductible. The accumulated benefit obligation and plan assets were recorded by ILIAC. As of the measurement date (i.e., January 1, 2001), fair value of plan assets exceeded projected benefit obligations.
Prior to December 31, 2001, ILIAC, in conjunction with ING, had a non-qualified defined benefit pension plan covering certain eligible employees. The plan provided pension benefits based on a cash balance formula, which credited employees annually with an amount equal to a percentage of eligible pay based on age and years of service as well as an interest credit based on individual account balances. As of December 31, 2001, ILIAC, in conjunction with ING, established a non-qualified defined benefit pension plan providing benefits to certain eligible employees based on years of service and the employee's average annual compensation during the last five years of employment. Contributions are determined using the Projected Unit Credit Method. The unfunded accumulated benefit obligation is recorded by ILIAC.
ILIAC, in conjunction with ING, also has a non-qualified pension plan covering certain agents. The plan provides pension benefits based on annual commission earnings. As of the measurement date (i.e. January 1, 2001), the unfunded projected benefit obligation is recorded by the Company. The costs to the Company associated with the agents non-qualified pension plan for 2001, 2000, and 1999 were $6.6 million, $3.5 million and $3.3 million, respectively.
The Company, in conjunction with ING, also provides certain postretirement health care and life insurance benefits for certain agents. The costs to the Company associated with the agents'
ILIAC, in conjunction with former Aetna, had a stock incentive plan that provided for stock options, deferred contingent common stock or equivalent cash awards or restricted stock to employees. Certain executive, middle management and non-management employees were granted options to purchase common stock of former Aetna at or above the market price on the date of grant. Options generally became 100% vested three years after the grant was made, with one-third of the options vesting each year. The former Aetna did not recognize compensation expense for stock options granted at or above the market price on the date of grant under its stock incentive plans. In addition, executives were, from time to time, granted incentive units which were rights to receive common stock or an equivalent value in cash. The sale of the Company to ING AIH by former Aetna caused all outstanding stock options to vest immediately.
The costs to the Company associated with the former Aetna stock plans for 2001, 2000, and 1999, were $1.8 million, $2.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively.
Effective January 1, 1998, Aeltus established an additional deferred incentive compensation plan, designed to attract, retain and incent key members of Aeltus. The plan had a five year vesting period. Payments under the plan were conditioned upon continued employment and were based upon an imputed share price of Aeltus at the end of the vesting period. The plan value was determined annually and the cost of the plan was expensed ratably over the vesting period. A change in control at Aeltus, as defined in the plan, would cause immediate full vesting of all outstanding shares. The purchase of Aetna Inc. by ING in 2000 met this definition. As a result, all outstanding shares became fully vested based on Aeltus's imputed value at the date of the sale and were subsequently paid out in early 2001. The appropriate annual share of the cost of the plan, including the additional cost in 2000 associated with this full vesting, has been reflected in salaries and related benefits in the Consolidated Statements of Income for each of the years-ended December 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively. In 2001, a new deferred compensation plan was developed with attributes similar to those in the previous plans. The costs reflected in the Consolidated Financial Statements associated with Aeltus' new deferred incentive compensation plan for 2001 was $4.1 million. The costs for its former deferred incentive compensation plan for 2000 and 1999 were, $42.2 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
ILIAC and Aeltus serve as investment advisors and administrators to the Company's mutual funds and variable funds (collectively, the Funds). Company mutual funds pay Aeltus or ILIAC, as investment advisor or administrator, a daily fee which, on an annual basis, ranged, depending on the fund, from 0.33% to 1.15% of their average daily net assets. All of the funds managed by ILIAC and certain of the funds managed by Aeltus are subadvised by investment advisors, in which case, Aeltus or ILIAC pays a subadvisory fee to the investment advisors. The Company is also compensated by the Separate Accounts (variable funds) for bearing mortality and expense risks pertaining to variable life and annuity contracts. Under the insurance and annuity contracts, the Separate Accounts pay the Company a daily fee, which, on an annual basis is, depending on the product, up to 3.40% of their average daily net assets. The amount of compensation and fees received from the Company mutual funds and Separate Accounts, included in charges assessed against policyholders and other income, amounted to $421.7 million, $506.3 million and $424.2 million in 2001, 2000, and 1999, respectively.
Refer to Note 7 for dividends paid to HOLDCO. Refer to Note 11 for a discussion related to a return of capital to ING AIH.
12. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (continued) Former Aetna transferred to the Company $0.4 million and $0.8 million for the years 2000 and 1999, respectively, based on former Aetna's decision not to settle state tax liabilities as permitted under the tax sharing arrangement, which is reported in other changes in retained earnings. There was no transfer of funds from former Aetna to the Company to settle state tax liabilities for the year 2001.
Certain administrative and support functions of the Company are provided by former Aetna and its affiliates for a specified transition period. At the end of the transition period, these functions will be provided by ING affiliates. The financial statements reflect allocated charges for these services based upon measures appropriate for the type and nature of the service provided.
Effective December 31, 1988, the Company entered into a modified coinsurance reinsurance agreement ("MODCO") with Aetna Life Insurance Company ("Aetna Life"), (formerly an affiliate of the Company), in which substantially all of the nonparticipating individual life and annuity business written by Aetna Life prior to 1981 was assumed by the Company. Effective January 1, 1997, this agreement was amended to transition (based on underlying investment rollover in Aetna Life) from a modified coinsurance arrangement to a coinsurance agreement. As a result of this change, reserves were ceded to the Company from Aetna Life as investment rollover occurred. Effective October 1, 1998, this agreement was fully transitioned to a coinsurance arrangement and this business along with the Company's direct individual life insurance business, with the exception of certain supplemental contracts with reserves of $70.5 million and $74.9 million as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively, was sold to Lincoln (refer to Note 3).
On December 16, 1988, the Company assumed $25.0 million of premium revenue from Aetna Life, (formerly an affiliate of the Company) for the purchase and administration of a life contingent single premium variable payout annuity contract. In addition, the Company is also responsible for administering fixed annuity payments that are made to annuitants receiving variable payments. Reserves of $24.1 million and $29.2 million were maintained for this contract as of December 31, 2001 and 2000, respectively.
The Company had $35.9 billion, $38.9 billion and $43.4 billion of life insurance in force at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999, respectively. Substantially all life insurance in force at December 31, 2001, 2000 and 1999 was ceded to Lincoln.
(1) Worksite Products include deferred annuity contracts that fund defined contribution and deferred compensation plans; immediate annuity contracts; mutual funds; distribution services for annuities and mutual funds; programs offered to defined contribution plans and deferred compensation plans that package administrative and recordkeeping services along with a menu of investment options; wrapper agreements containing certain benefit response guarantees that are entered into with retirement plans, whose assets are not invested with the Company; investment advisory services and pension plan administrative services. Individual Products include deferred and immediate annuity contracts, both qualified and nonqualified, that are sold to individuals and provide variable or fixed investment options or a combination of both. Investment Management Services include the following services: investment advisory to affiliated and unaffiliated institutional and retail clients, underwriting, distribution for Company's mutual funds and affiliate's separate accounts; and trustee, administrative and other services to retirement plans (Refer to Notes 1 and 2). Discontinued operations include life insurance products (Refer to Note 3). Other includes consolidating adjustments, Year 2000 costs, and taxes not allocated back to the segment. (2) Operating earnings is comprised of net income (loss) excluding net realized capital gains and losses and Year 2000 costs. While operating earnings is the measure of profit or loss used by the Company's management when assessing performance or making operating decisions, it does not replace operating income or net income as a measure of profitability. (3) Represents after-tax Year 2000 costs. (4) Taxes on the amortization of deferred gain on sale were $3.2 million. (5) Expenditures of long-lived assets represent additions to property and equipment not allocable to business segments.
In conjunction with the acquisition by ING, the Company entered into or assumed from a former affiliate operating leases for office space. For the year-ended December 31, 2001, rent expense for these leases was $17.6 million. The future net minimum payments under noncancelable leases for 2002 through 2006 are estimated to be $24.8 million, $20.6 million, $17.6 million, $16.2 million and $14.4 million, respectively, and $15.6 million, thereafter.
In recent years, life insurance companies have been named as defendants in class action lawsuits relating to life insurance sales practices. The Company is currently a defendant in one such lawsuit.
A purported class action complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida on June 30, 2000, by Helen Reese, Richard Reese, Villere Bergeron and Allan Eckert against ALIAC (the "Reese Complaint"). The Reese Complaint seeks compensatory and punitive damages and injunctive relief from ALIAC. The Reese Complaint claims that ALIAC engaged in unlawful sales practices in marketing life insurance policies. ALIAC has moved to dismiss the Reese Complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted. Certain discovery is underway. The Company intends to defend the action vigorously.
(1) Fourth quarter data reflects an aggregation of the pre-acquisition period of the two months ended November 30, 2000 and the post acquisition period of one month ended December 31, 2000.