The Company's home office is located at One Orange Way, Windsor, Connecticut, 06095-4774. All Company office space other than the home office is leased or subleased by the Company or its other affiliates. The Company pays substantially all expenses associated with its owned or leased and subleased office properties. Affiliates within Voya Financial's operations provide the Company with various management, finance, investment management and other administrative services, primarily from facilities located at 5780 Powers Ferry Road, N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30327-4390. The affiliated companies are reimbursed for the Company's use of these services and facilities under a variety of intercompany agreements.
For the purposes of the discussion in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the term "VRIAC" refers to Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and the terms "Company," "we," "our," "us" refer to Voya Retirement Insurance and Annuity Company and its subsidiaries. We are a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Holdings Inc. ("Parent"), which is a direct, wholly owned subsidiary of Voya Financial, Inc.
As of June 1, 2018, Directed Services LLC ("DSL") was divested pursuant to the Transaction described below. Subsequent to the Transaction, VRIAC has one wholly owned non-insurance subsidiary, Voya Financial Partners, LLC ("VFP").
Our products include qualified and nonqualified annuity contracts that include a variety of funding and payout options for individuals and employer-sponsored retirement plans qualified under Internal Revenue Code Sections 401, 403, 408, 457 and 501, as well as nonqualified deferred compensation plans and related services. Our products are offered primarily to employer-sponsored groups in the health care, government and education markets (collectively "tax exempt markets"), small to mid-sized corporations and individuals. We also provide stable value investment options, including separate account guaranteed investment contracts (e.g. GICs) and synthetic GICs, to institutional clients. Our products are generally distributed through pension professionals, independent agents and brokers, third party administrators, banks, consultants, dedicated financial guidance, planning and advisory representatives associated with Voya Financial's retail broker-dealer, Voya Financial Advisors, Inc. ("VFA").
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016
As of June 1, 2018, Directed Services LLC ("DSL") was divested pursuant to the transaction described below. Subsequent to the transaction, VRIAC has one wholly owned non-insurance subsidiary, Voya Financial Partners, LLC ("VFP").
On June 1, 2018, VRIAC's ultimate parent, Voya Financial, consummated a series of transactions (collectively, the "Transaction'') pursuant to a Master Transaction Agreement dated December 20, 2017 (the "MTA") with VA Capital Company LLC ("VA Capital") and Athene Holding Ltd. ("Athene"). As part of the Transaction, VA Capital's wholly owned subsidiary Venerable Holdings Inc. ("Venerable") acquired certain of Voya Financial's assets, including all of the shares of capital stock of Voya Insurance and Annuity Company ("VIAC"), the Company's Iowa-domiciled insurance affiliate, as well as the membership interests of DSL, the Company's broker-dealer subsidiary. Following the closing of the Transaction, VRIAC acquired a 9.99% equity interest in VA Capital.
The Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of VRIAC and its wholly owned subsidiaries, VFP and DSL. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. As of June 1, 2018, DSL was divested pursuant to the Transaction.
Limited Partnerships/Corporations: The Company uses the equity method of accounting for investments in limited partnership interests, which consists primarily of private equities and hedge funds. Generally, the Company records its share of earnings using a lag methodology, relying on the most recent financial information available, generally not to exceed three months. The Company's earnings from limited partnership interests accounted for under the equity method are recorded in Net investment income.
Company sets forth how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and sets forth the method that will be used to retrospectively and prospectively assess the hedging instrument's effectiveness and the method that will be used to measure ineffectiveness. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Hedge effectiveness is formally assessed at inception and periodically throughout the life of the designated hedging relationship.
In addition, the Company has entered into coinsurance with funds withheld reinsurance arrangements, accounted for under the deposit method, that contain embedded derivatives, the fair value of which is based on the change in the fair value of the underlying assets held in trust. The embedded derivatives within the reinsurance agreements are reported in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, and changes in the fair value of the embedded derivatives are recorded in Interest credited and other benefits to contract owners/policyholders in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
DAC represents policy acquisition costs that have been capitalized and are subject to amortization and interest. Capitalized costs are incremental, direct costs of contract acquisition and certain other costs related directly to successful acquisition activities. Such costs consist principally of commissions, underwriting, sales and contract issuance and processing expenses directly related to the successful acquisition of new and renewal business. Indirect or unsuccessful acquisition costs, maintenance, product development and overhead expenses are charged to expense as incurred. VOBA represents the outstanding value of in-force business acquired and is subject to amortization and interest. The value is based on the present value of estimated net cash flows embedded in the insurance contracts at the time of the acquisition and increased for subsequent deferrable expenses on purchased policies. DAC and VOBA are adjusted for the impact of unrealized capital gains (losses) on investments, as if such gains (losses) have been realized, with corresponding adjustments included in AOCI.
As of December 31, 2018, contract cost assets were $93. Capitalized contract costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated lives of the contracts, which typically range from 5 to 15 years. This method is consistent with the transfer of services to which the assets relate. For the year ended December 31, 2018, amortization expenses of $18 were recorded in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. There was no impairment loss in relation to the contract costs capitalized.
The Company establishes and carries actuarially-determined reserves that are calculated to meet its future obligations, including estimates of unpaid claims and claims that the Company believes have been incurred but have not yet been reported as of the balance sheet date. The principal assumptions used to establish liabilities for future policy benefits are based on Company experience and periodically reviewed against industry standards. These assumptions include mortality, morbidity, policy lapse, contract renewal, payment of subsequent premiums or deposits by the contract owner, retirement, investment returns, inflation, benefit utilization and expenses. Changes in, or deviations from, the assumptions used can significantly affect the Company's reserve levels and related results of operations.
Account balances for fixed annuities and payout contracts without life contingencies are equal to cumulative deposits, less charges and withdrawals, plus credited interest thereon. Credited interest rates vary by product and ranged up to 5.3% for the years 2018, 2017 and 2016. Account balances for group immediate annuities without life contingent payouts are equal to the discounted value of the payment at the implied break-even rate.
The Company calculates additional reserve liabilities for certain variable annuity guaranteed benefits and variable funding products. The Company periodically evaluates its estimates and adjusts the additional liability balance, with a related charge or credit to benefit expense, if actual experience or other evidence suggests that earlier assumptions should be revised. Changes in, or deviations from, the assumptions used can significantly affect the Company's reserve levels and related results of operations.
charges are reported in Other revenue. In addition, the Company earns investment income from the investment of contract deposits in the Company's general account portfolio, which is reported in Net investment income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Fees assessed that represent compensation to the Company for services to be provided in future periods and certain other fees are deferred and amortized into revenue over the expected life of the related contracts in proportion to estimated gross profits in a manner consistent with DAC for these contracts. Benefits and expenses for these products include claims in excess of related account balances, expenses of contract administration and interest credited to contract owner account balances.
Revenue for various financial services is measured based on consideration specified in a contract with a customer and excludes any amounts collected on behalf of third parties. For recordkeeping and administration services, the Company recognizes revenue as services are provided, generally over time. In addition, the Company may arrange for sub-advisory services for a customer under certain contracts. Revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation by transferring control of a service to a customer. Contract terms are typically less than one year, and consideration is generally variable and due as services are rendered.
For distribution and shareholder servicing revenue, the Company provides distribution services at a point in time and shareholder services over time. Such revenue is recognized when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation and related consideration is received. Contract terms are less than one year, and consideration is variable. For distribution services, revenue may be recognized in periods subsequent to when the Company has satisfied a performance obligation, as a component of related consideration is constrained under certain contracts.
Revenue for various financial services is recorded in Fee income or Other revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Financial services revenue is disaggregated by type of service in the following table and represents approximately 14.8% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2018, a portion of the revenue recognized in the current period from distribution services is related to performance obligations satisfied in previous periods.
If the Company determines that a reinsurance agreement does not expose the reinsurer to a reasonable possibility of a significant loss from insurance risk, the Company records the agreement using the deposit method of accounting. Deposits received are included in Other liabilities, and deposits made are included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As amounts are paid or received, consistent with the underlying contracts, the deposit assets or liabilities are adjusted. Interest on such deposits is recorded as Other revenues or Other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, as appropriate. Periodically, the
This standard, issued in February 2017, requires entities to apply certain recognition and measurement principles in ASU 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (ASC Topic 606)" (see Revenue from Contracts with Customers below) when they derecognize nonfinancial assets and in substance nonfinancial assets through sale or transfer, and the counterparty is not a customer.
This standard, issued in March 2016, simplifies the accounting for share-based payment award transactions with respect to:
The impact to the January 1, 2018 Consolidated Balance Sheet was a $12 increase, net of tax, to Retained earnings (deficit) with a corresponding decrease of $12, net of tax, to AOCI to recognize the unrealized gain associated with Equity securities. The provisions that required prospective adoption had no effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows. Under previous guidance, prior to January 1, 2018, Equity securities were classified as available for sale with changes in fair value recognized in Other comprehensive income.
The adoption had no impact on revenue recognition. However, the adoption resulted in a $90 increase in Other assets to capitalize costs to obtain and fulfill certain financial services contracts. This adjustment was offset by a related $18 increase in deferred tax liabilities, resulting in a net $72 increase to Retained earnings (deficit) on the Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2018. In addition, disclosures have been updated to reflect accounting policy changes made as a result of the implementation of ASU 2014-09. (See the Significant Accounting Policies section.)
In August 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-12, "Financial Services - Insurance (Topic 944) Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long-Duration Contracts" ("ASU 2018-12"), which changes the measurement and disclosures of insurance liabilities and deferred acquisition costs for long-duration contracts issued by insurers. The provisions of ASU 2018-12 are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. The Company is currently in the process of evaluating the provisions of ASU 2018-12. While it is not possible to estimate the expected impact of adoption at this time, the Company believes there is a reasonable possibility that implementation of ASU 2018-12 may result in a significant impact on Shareholders’ equity and future earnings patterns.
The application of periodic assumption updates for nonparticipating traditional and limited payment insurance contracts is significantly different from the current accounting approach for such liabilities, which is based on assumptions that are locked in at contract inception unless a premium deficiency occurs. Under the current accounting guidance, the liability discount rate is based on expected yields on the underlying investment portfolio held by the insurer.
Under the current accounting guidance, certain features that are expected to meet the definition of market risk benefits are accounted for as either insurance liabilities or embedded derivatives.
Initial adoption is required to be reported using either a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. The method of transition applied for DAC and other balances must be consistent with the transition method selected for future policy benefit liabilities, as described above.
ASU 2018-15, Implementation costs in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract
The Company is currently in the process of determining the impact of adoption of the provisions of ASU 2018-15.
January 1, 2019 with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2018-02 may be reported either in the period of adoption or on a retrospective basis in each period in which the effect of the change in the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate resulting from Tax Reform is recognized.
January 1, 2019, including interim periods, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2017-08 is required to be reported using a modified retrospective approach.
January 1, 2019, including interim period, with early adoption permitted. Initial adoption of ASU 2016-13 is required to be reported on a modified retrospective basis, with a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the year of adoption, except for certain provisions that are required to be applied prospectively.
ASU 2016-02 also replaces the sale-leaseback guidance to align with the new revenue recognition standard, addresses statement of operation and statement of cash flow classification, and requires additional disclosures for all leases. In addition, the FASB issued various amendments during 2018 and 2019 to clarify and simplify the provisions and implementation guidance of ASU 2016-02.
In July 2018, the FASB issued an amendment that adds an optional
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturities, including securities pledged, as of December 31, 2018, are shown below by contractual maturity. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities as securities may be restructured, called or prepaid. MBS and Other ABS are shown separately because they are not due at a single maturity date.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any investments in a single issuer, other than obligations of the U.S. Government and government agencies, with a carrying value in excess of 10% of the Company's consolidated Shareholder's equity.
The Company invests in various categories of CMOs, including CMOs that are not agency-backed, that are subject to different degrees of risk from changes in interest rates and defaults. The principal risks inherent in holding CMOs are prepayment and extension risks related to significant decreases and increases in interest rates resulting in the prepayment of principal from the underlying mortgages, either earlier or later than originally anticipated. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, approximately 52.5% and 52.1%, respectively, of the Company's CMO holdings, were invested in the above mentioned types of CMOs such as interest-only or principal-only strips, that are subject to more prepayment and extension risk than traditional CMOs.
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company did not have any securities pledged in dollar rolls, repurchase agreement transactions or reverse repurchase agreements.
If cash is received as collateral, the lending agent retains the cash collateral and invests it in short-term liquid assets on behalf of the Company. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, cash collateral retained by the lending agent and invested in short-term liquid assets on the Company's behalf was $719 and $744, respectively, and is recorded in Short-term investments under securities loan agreements, including collateral delivered on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, liabilities to return collateral of $719 and $744, respectively, are included in Payables under securities loan agreements, including collateral held, on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company accepts non-cash collateral in the form of securities. The securities retained as collateral by the lending agent may not be sold or re-pledged, except in the event of default, and are not reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. This collateral generally consists of U.S. Treasury, U.S. Government agency securities and MBS pools. As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the fair value of securities retained as collateral by the lending agent on the Company’s behalf was $67 and $61, respectively.
Of the unrealized capital losses aged more than twelve months, the average market value of the related fixed maturities was 92.2% and 95.4% of the average book value as of December 31, 2018 and 2017, respectively.
The Company performs a regular evaluation, on a security-by-security basis, of its available-for-sale securities holdings, including fixed maturity securities, in accordance with its impairment policy in order to evaluate whether such investments are other-than-temporarily impaired.
The following table presents the amount of credit impairments on fixed maturities for which a portion of the OTTI loss was recognized in Other comprehensive income (loss) and the corresponding changes in such amounts for the periods indicated:
As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the Company had $1 and $3, respectively, of investments in fixed maturities that did not produce net investment income. Fixed maturities are moved to a non-accrual status when the investment defaults.
For the year ended December 31, 2018, the change in fair value of equity securities still held as of December 31, 2018 was $(4).
Proceeds from the sale of fixed maturities and equity securities, available-for-sale and the related gross realized gains and losses, before tax were as follows for the periods indicated:
Managed custody guarantees ("MCGs"): The Company issues certain credited rate guarantees on variable fixed income portfolios that represent stand-alone derivatives. The market value is partially determined by, among other things, levels of or changes in interest rates, prepayment rates and credit ratings/spreads.
The Company's use of derivatives is limited mainly to economic hedging to reduce the Company's exposure to cash flow variability of assets and liabilities, interest rate risk, credit risk, exchange rate risk and equity market risk. It is the Company's policy not to offset amounts recognized for derivative instruments and amounts recognized for the right to reclaim cash collateral or the obligation to return cash collateral arising from derivative instruments executed with the same counterparty under a master netting arrangement, which provides the Company with the legal right of offset. However, in accordance with the Chicago Mercantile Exchange ("CME") rule changes related to the variation margin payments, effective the first quarter of 2017, the Company is required to adjust the derivative balances with the variation margin payments related to our cleared derivatives executed through CME.
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in an active market. The Company defines an active market as a market in which transactions take place with sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
U.S. corporate public securities, Foreign corporate public securities, and foreign governments: Fair value is determined using third-party commercial pricing services, with the primary inputs being benchmark yields, trades of comparable securities, issuer ratings, bids and credit spreads off benchmark yields.
Broker quotes and prices obtained from pricing services are reviewed and validated through an internal valuation committee price variance review, comparisons to internal pricing models, back testing to recent trades or monitoring of trading volumes.
Nonperformance Risk: For the estimate of the fair value of embedded derivatives associated with the Company's product guarantees, the Company uses a blend of observable, similarly rated peer holding company credit spreads, adjusted to reflect the credit quality of the Company, as well as an adjustment to reflect the non-default spreads and the priority and recovery rates of policyholder claims.
The following table presents the unobservable inputs for Level 3 fair value measurements as of December 31, 2018:
For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, premiums, net of reinsurance were $41, $48 and $870, respectively.
Under Connecticut insurance law, an extraordinary dividend or distribution is defined as a dividend or distribution that, together with other dividends or distributions made within the preceding twelve months, exceeds the greater of (1) ten percent (10%) of VRIAC's earned statutory surplus at the prior year end or (2) VRIAC's prior year statutory net gain from operations. Connecticut law also prohibits a Connecticut insurer from declaring or paying a dividend except out of its earned surplus unless prior insurance regulatory approval is obtained.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, VRIAC declared an ordinary dividend in the amount of $126, which was paid to its Parent on May 25, 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2017, VRIAC declared ordinary dividends to its Parent in the aggregate amount of $265, $261 of which was paid on May 24, 2017 and $4 of which was paid on December 28, 2017.
On May 25, 2018, DSL, which was a subsidiary of VRIAC at the time, paid a $49 dividend to its then parent, VRIAC. During the year ended December 31, 2017, DSL did not pay any dividends to VRIAC.
During the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, VRIAC did not receive any capital contributions from its Parent.
The Company is subject to minimum risk-based capital ("RBC") requirements established by the Department. The formulas for determining the amount of RBC specify various weighting factors that are applied to financial balances or various levels of activity based on the perceived degree of risk. Regulatory compliance is determined by a ratio of total adjusted capital ("TAC"), as defined by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners ("NAIC"), to RBC requirements, as defined by the NAIC. The Company exceeded the minimum RBC requirements that would require any regulatory or corrective action for all periods presented herein.
(2) See the Deferred Policy Acquisition Costs and Value of Business Acquired Note to these Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information.
The Company had no unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in current income taxes and Income tax expense on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the Consolidated Statements of Operations, respectively. The Company had no accrued interest as of December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017.
The costs allocated to the Company for its employees' participation in the Retirement Plan were $7, $8 and $8 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and are included in Operating expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following table summarizes the benefit obligations for the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
Amounts recognized on the Consolidated Balance Sheets in Other liabilities and in AOCI were as follows as of December 31, 2018 and 2017:
The weighted-average discount rate used in calculating the net pension cost was as follows:
Net periodic benefit costs for the SERPs and Agents Non-Qualified Plan were as follows for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016:
The Company was allocated compensation expense from Voya Financial of $23, $24 and $22 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
On a prospective basis from January 1, 2017, all excess tax benefits and tax deficiencies related to share-based compensation are reported in net income, rather than Additional paid-in capital.
The benefit charges incurred by the Company related to these plans were immaterial for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017, and 2016.
On June 16, 2007, the State of Connecticut acting on behalf of the Department of Economic and Community Development ("DECD") loaned VRIAC $10 (the "DECD Loan") in connection with the development of the corporate office facility located at One Orange Way, Windsor, Connecticut that serves as the principal executive offices of the Company (the "Windsor Property"). As of December 31, 2018 and 2017, the amount of the loan outstanding was $5, which was reflected in Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
All of the Company's expenses for leased and subleased office properties are paid for by an affiliate and allocated back to the Company, as all remaining operating leases were executed by Voya Services Company as of December 31, 2008, which resulted in the Company no longer being party to any operating leases. For the year ended December 31, 2018, rent expense for leases was $5. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, rent expense for leases was $4.
securities underlying the commitments. As of December 31, 2018 the Company had off-balance sheet commitments to acquire mortgage loans of $63 and purchase limited partnerships and private placement investments of $519.
On January 18, 2018, the Company became a member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLB”). The Company is required to pledge collateral to back funding agreements issued to the FHLB. As of December 31, 2018, the Company had $657 in non-putable funding agreements, which are included in Future policy benefits and contract owner account balances on the Consolidated Balance sheets. As of December 31, 2018, assets with a market value of approximately $771 collateralized the FHLB funding agreements. Assets pledged to the FHLB are included in Fixed maturities, available for sale, at fair value on the Consolidated Balance sheets.
under state laws. They may also result in fines and penalties and changes to the Company's procedures for the identification and escheatment of abandoned property or the correction of processing errors and other financial liability.
For some matters, the Company is able to estimate a possible range of loss. For such matters in which a loss is probable, an accrual has been made. For matters where the Company, however, believes a loss is reasonably possible, but not probable, no accrual is required. For matters for which an accrual has been made, but there remains a reasonably possible range of loss in excess of the amounts accrued or for matters where no accrual is required, the Company develops an estimate of the unaccrued amounts of the reasonably possible range of losses. As of December 31, 2018, the Company estimates the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses, in excess of any amounts accrued for these matters as of such date, is not material to the Company.
Investment Advisory agreement with Voya Investment Management LLC ("VIM"), an affiliate, in which VIM provides asset management, administrative and accounting services for VRIAC's general account. VRIAC incurs a fee, which is paid quarterly, based on the value of the assets under management. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, expenses were incurred in the amounts of $65, $64 and $58, respectively.
Amended and Restated Services agreement between VRIAC and its U.S. insurance company affiliates and other affiliates for administrative, management, financial and information technology services, dated as of April 1, 2015. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, expenses related to the agreement were incurred in the amount of $15, $43 and $45, respectively.
Variable annuity, fixed insurance and mutual fund products issued by VRIAC are sold by Voya Financial Advisors, an affiliate of VRIAC. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 commission expenses incurred by VRIAC were $79, $77 and $73, respectively.
As disclosed in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to these Consolidated Financial Statements, DSL was divested as part of the Transaction. DSL had certain agreements whereby it generated revenues and expenses with affiliated entities, as follows:
Administrative and advisory services agreements with VIL and VIM, affiliated companies, in which DSL received certain services for a fee. The fee for these services was calculated as a percentage of average assets of Voya Investors Trust. For the year ended December 31, 2018, no expenses were incurred under these agreements. For the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, expenses were incurred in the amounts of $23 and $70, respectively. See above where it is discussed that DSL no longer provides these advisory services, effective on May 1, 2017.
DSL was retained by Voya Investors Trust, an affiliate, pursuant to a management agreement to provide advisory, management, administrative and other services to Voya Investors Trust. Under the management agreement, DSL provided or arranged for the provision of all services necessary for the ordinary operations of Voya Investors Trust. DSL earned a monthly fee based on a percentage of average daily net assets of Voya Investors Trust. DSL entered into an administrative services subcontract with VIL, an affiliate, pursuant to which VIL, provided certain management, administrative and other services to Voya Investors Trust and was compensated a portion of the fees received by DSL under the management agreement. In addition to being the investment advisor of the Trust, DSL was the investment advisor of Voya Partners, Inc., an affiliate. DSL and Voya Partners, Inc. had an investment advisory agreement, whereby DSL had overall responsibility to provide portfolio management services for Voya Partners, Inc. Voya Partners, Inc. paid DSL a monthly fee which was based on a percentage of average daily net assets. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, revenue received by DSL under these agreements (exclusive of fees paid to affiliates) was $27, $179 and $350, respectively. See "Operating Agreements" section above where it is discussed that DSL no longer provide these advisory services, effective on May 1, 2017.
Additionally, VFP acts as a distributor of insurance products issued by its affiliates, which may in turn invest in mutual funds products issued by certain of its affiliates. For the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, distribution revenues received by VFP related to affiliated mutual fund products were $27, $27 and $25, respectively.
Under this agreement, the Company incurred and earned immaterial interest expense and interest income for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016. Interest expense and income are included in Operating expenses and Net investment income, respectively, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. As of December 31, 2018, the Company did not have any outstanding
On December 29, 2004, VIAC issued a surplus note in the principal amount of $175 (the "Note") scheduled to mature on December 29, 2034, to VRIAC. The Note bears interest at a rate of 6.26% per year. Interest is scheduled to be paid semi-annually in arrears on June 29 and December 29 of each year, commencing on June 29, 2005. Interest income was $5, $11, $11 for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively. As of June 1, 2018, VIAC ceased to be an affiliate of the Company following the closing of the Transaction as disclosed in the Business, Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies Note to these Consolidated Financial Statements. The investment in surplus notes is reported in Fixed maturities, available-for-sale on the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December, 31, 2018.