fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: summarization
Instruction: Where has the word ciao originated
Context: Ciao (/tʃaʊ/ CHOW, Italian: [ˈtʃaːo] (listen)) is an informal salutation in the Italian language that is used for both "hello" and "goodbye".

Originally from the Venetian language, it has entered the vocabulary of English and of many other languages around the world. Its dual meaning of "hello" and "goodbye" makes it similar to shalom in Hebrew, salaam in Arabic, annyeong in Korean, aloha in Hawaiian, drud (bedrud) in Persian, and chào in Vietnamese (the latter is a false cognate; the two words are not linguistically related despite sounding similar to each other).
Response: Ciao is an informal salutation in the Italian language that is used for both "hello" and "goodbye".

Originally from the Venetian language, it has entered the vocabulary of English and of many other languages around the world. Its dual meaning of "hello" and "goodbye" makes it similar to shalom in Hebrew, salaam in Arabic, annyeong in Korean, aloha in Hawaiian, drud (bedrud) in Persian, and chao in Vietnamese (the latter is a false cognate; the two words are not linguistically related despite sounding similar to each other).
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Make a bullet list of three different types of meat I could get in a taco
Response: - Pollo Asado
- Carne asada
- Al Pastor
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How many total men fought at Kosovo Field according to text?
Context: The Crusaders, numbering 22,000-30,000 arrived at Kosovo Field (the site of the first Battle of Kosovo in 1389, between Serbs and Ottomans) having faced an Ottoman army of 40,000-60,000 men Sultan Murad personally commanded a large section of cannons and janissaries, while his son and would-be successor, 16-year-old Mehmed, who faced battle for the first time, led the Anatolian troops at the right wing. Hunyadi commanded the center of his army in the battle, while the Crusaders right wing was under the Wallachians. The Hungarians had long barrage cannons. Calculating that he would need more than 40,000 men to defeat the Ottomans, the Hungarian regent sought to join up with anti-Ottoman Albanian forces, possibly led by Skanderbeg. The Ottomans in their base at Sofia received word of the Crusader army's march route and subsequently began readying their men.
Response: The Crusaders fielded 22,000-30,000 men and the Ottomans 40,000-60,000 for a combined total of 62,000-90,000 men.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How is the price of an Uber ride calculated?
Response: The price of an Uber ride is calculated based on supply and demand while considering the time, distance, and destination of the trip.
Category: classification
Instruction: When going skydiving, categorize each of the following as 'useful' or 'not useful': a parachute, an Acme anvil, a helmet, a go-pro camera, a small herd of miniature ponies, wraparound sunglasses, a backpack full of uranium
Response: Useful: a parachute, a helmet, a go-pro camera, wraparound sunglasses
Not useful: an Acme anvil, a small herd of miniature ponies, a backpack full of uranium
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who recorded the song Ghost Town
Context: "Ghost Town" is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.
Response: Ghost Town is a song recorded by American singer Adam Lambert for his third studio album, The Original High (2015). It was released as the album's lead single on April 21, 2015. The single garnered considerable commercial and critical success, becoming somewhat of a sleeper hit in select countries and receiving a substantial amount of radio play in the US.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of books that are long and hard to read. The sort of books with which I could impress someone who read a lot.
Response: When talking to someone well read, I would go with some of the classics of literature. The following books require a very detailed read in order to be able to understand them, due to the complex topics they analyze. They are long, but also considered masterpieces:

- "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoievsky
- "Ulysses" by James Joyce
- "The Magic Mountain" by Thomas Mann
- "Gravity's Rainbow" by Thomas Pynchon
- "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes
- "Infinite Jest" by David Foster Wallace
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between fruit and vegetables?
Response: The distinction between fruit and vegetable is drawn from what part of the plant is eaten. Fruit are the flowering part of the plant and will usually have seeds. Vegetables, on the other hand, are usually another part of a plant such as the root, bulb, leaves or stem.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: From the text below about the history of peanut butter, where can the first reference be traced from?
Context: The earliest references to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations, who ground roasted peanuts into a paste.[clarification needed] However, several people can be credited with the invention of modern peanut butter and the processes involved in making it.[according to whom?]

The US National Peanut Board credits three modern inventors with the earliest patents related to the production of modern peanut butter. Marcellus Gilmore Edson of Montreal, Quebec, Canada, obtained the first patent for a method of producing peanut butter from roasted peanuts using heated surfaces in 1884. Edson's cooled product had "a consistency like that of butter, lard, or ointment" according to his patent application which described a process of milling roasted peanuts until the peanuts reached "a fluid or semi-fluid state". He mixed sugar into the paste to harden its consistency.[citation needed]
Response: The earliest reference to peanut butter can be traced to Aztec and Inca civilizations.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are some useful ways to repurpose a cardboard box?
Response: That depends on the person and what they find useful. I might find a box useful for clearing my desk of all the mess I accumulate throughout the week. Meanwhile, my kids would much prefer to turn the box into a play house, a spaceship, or maybe a jail to imprison each other in.  A cat might repurpose it as a hiding place or as a new scratching toy.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the key bulletpoints I need to know about University of Oxford
Context: The University of Oxford is a collegiate research university in Oxford, England. There is evidence of teaching as early as 1096, making it the oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's second-oldest university in continuous operation. It grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris. After disputes between students and Oxford townsfolk in 1209, some academics fled north-east to Cambridge where they established what became the University of Cambridge. The two English ancient universities share many common features and are jointly referred to as Oxbridge.

The university is made up of thirty-nine semi-autonomous constituent colleges, five permanent private halls, and a range of academic departments which are organised into four divisions. All the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university, each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure and activities. All students are members of a college. It does not have a main campus, and its buildings and facilities are scattered throughout the city centre. Undergraduate teaching at Oxford consists of lectures, small-group tutorials at the colleges and halls, seminars, laboratory work and occasionally further tutorials provided by the central university faculties and departments. Postgraduate teaching is provided predominantly centrally.

Oxford operates the world's oldest university museum, as well as the largest university press in the world and the largest academic library system nationwide. In the fiscal year ending 31 July 2019, the university had a total income of £2.45 billion, of which £624.8 million was from research grants and contracts.

Oxford has educated a wide range of notable alumni, including 30 prime ministers of the United Kingdom and many heads of state and government around the world. As of October 2022, 73 Nobel Prize laureates, 4 Fields Medalists, and 6 Turing Award winners have studied, worked, or held visiting fellowships at the University of Oxford, while its alumni have won 160 Olympic medals. Oxford is the home of numerous scholarships, including the Rhodes Scholarship, one of the oldest international graduate scholarship programmes.
Response: The university of Oxford is the worlds second oldest university. It's made up of 39 semi-autonomous colleges which are self-governing institutions within the university + a range of academic departments organised in four divisions. Oxford has educated more than 70 nobel laureates, multiple Fields Medalists and Turing Award winners, as well as 30 UK prime ministers. The university has an income larger than 2 billion pounds, it operates the world's oldest university museum and the largest university press.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these pokemon are electric or grass type: Pikachu, Bulbasaur, Zapdos, Voltorb, Oddish, Bellsprout
Response: Pikachu: Electric
Bulbasaur: Grass
Zapdos: Electric
Voltorb: Electric
Oddish: Grass
Bellsprout: Grass
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is tequila?
Response: Tequila is an alcoholic beverage made in Mexico. It is Mexico's national drink. It is made from the heart of the agave plant. There are three kinds of tequila, Silver, Reposado and Anejo.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How to be rich?
Response: While many people aspire to become rich, the reality is that it's an elusive dream for most of all, as less than 1% of the population ever achieve true wealth. It's important to acknowledge that not everyone can become rich, and that financial success is not the only measure of a fulfilling life. However, having a job that can sustain your daily life and your family is a good starting point. From there, you can think about ways to promote yourself and increase your income. It's also important to remember that richness is not just about money; emotional wealth, such as living a happy and fulfilling life and having no regrets, is also a form of richness.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage below, please extract the official starting date of the United States Space Force.
Context: The U.S. Space Force traces its roots to the beginning of the Cold War, with the first Army Air Forces space programs starting in 1945. In 1954, the Western Development Division, under General Bernard Schriever, was established as the first dedicated space organization within the U.S. Armed Forces and continues to exist as the Space Force's Space and Missile Systems Center. Military space forces were organized under several different Air Force major commands until they were unified when Air Force Space Command was established on 1 September 1982. U.S. space forces first began conducting combat support operations in the Vietnam War and continued to provide satellite communications, weather, and navigation support during the 1982 Falklands War, 1983 United States invasion of Grenada, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, and 1989 United States invasion of Panama. The first major employment of space forces culminated in the Gulf War, where they proved so critical to the U.S.-led coalition that it is sometimes referred to as the first "space war".

The first discussions of creating a military space service occurred in 1958, and it was nearly established in 1982 by President Ronald Reagan as part of the Strategic Defense Initiative, but the idea dissolved with treaty compliance concerns. A 2001 Space Commission argued for the creation of a Space Corps around 2007–2011, but no action was taken by the Obama Administration. On 20 December 2019, the United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act, reorganizing Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and creating the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.
Response: The United States Space Force Act was signed into law as part of the National Defense Authorization Act on December 20, 2019. This act reorganized the Air Force Space Command and other space elements into the United States Space Force, and officially created the first new independent military service since the Army Air Forces were reorganized as the U.S. Air Force in 1947.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Which president was 1st to win a Nobel prize.
Response: Theodore Roosevelt was the 1st president to win a Nobel Peace Prize. Roosevelt won the prize for helping negotiate an end to the Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who has won the most grand slams in men's singles tennis in open era?
Context: The Open Era is the current era of professional tennis. It began in 1968 when the Grand Slam tournaments allowed professional players to compete with amateurs, ending the division that had persisted since the dawn of the sport in the 19th century. The first open tournament was the 1968 British Hard Court Championships held in April, followed by the inaugural open Grand Slam tournament, the 1968 French Open, a month later. Unless otherwise sourced, all records are based on data from the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP), the International Tennis Federation (ITF), and the official websites of the four Grand Slam tournaments. All rankings-related records are based on ATP rankings, which began in 1973.
Response: Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic won 22 times.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are the most famous cricket players of all time?
Response: Sachin Tendulkar, Don Bradman, Shane Warne, Brian Lara, Viv Richards, Imran Khan, Ian Botham and Ricky Ponting are amongst the most famous cricket players of all time.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the names of the noble award winners, respective category and year in which they got  from given text and list them using bullets in the format {Name} - {Category} - {Year}
Context: Five people have received two Nobel Prizes. Marie Curie received the Physics Prize in 1903 for her work on radioactivity and the Chemistry Prize in 1911 for the isolation of pure radium, making her the only person to be awarded a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. Linus Pauling was awarded the 1954 Chemistry Prize for his research into the chemical bond and its application to the structure of complex substances. Pauling was also awarded the Peace Prize in 1962 for his activism against nuclear weapons, making him the only laureate of two unshared prizes. John Bardeen received the Physics Prize twice: in 1956 for the invention of the transistor and in 1972 for the theory of superconductivity. Frederick Sanger received the prize twice in Chemistry: in 1958 for determining the structure of the insulin molecule and in 1980 for inventing a method of determining base sequences in DNA. Karl Barry Sharpless was awarded the 2001 Chemistry Prize for his research into chirally catalysed oxidation reactions, and the 2022 Chemistry Prize for click chemistry.
Response: •	Marie Curie - Physics - 1903
•	Marie Curie - Chemistry - 1911
•	Linus Pauling - Chemistry - 1954
•	Linus Pauling - Peace - 1962
•	John Bardeen - Physics - 1956
•	John Bardeen - Physics - 1972
•	Frederick Sanger - Chemistry - 1958
•	Frederick Sanger - Chemistry - 1980
•	Karl Barry Sharpless - Chemistry - 2001
•	Karl Barry Sharpless - Chemistry - 2022
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Any tips for figuring out where to enter the water when surfing a new beach?
Response: There is a lot of local knowledge required to be efficient at entering the water of a new beach.  It helps to know what kind of a wave break it is - is it a surf break or a reef break for example.  But if you see others in the water and it looks like a reasonable surf spot then here are a couple of pointers.  First, stand on the beach and watch what is happening for 3-5 minutes.  You'll soak up a lot just taking the time to really observe.  Second, check-out where the other surfers are entering and where they are swimming out to.  Obvious, I know, but surprisingly people will sometimes skip this step.  Third, see if you can figure out where the channels are - he channel is where the waves are breaking towards.  If you see two waves coming toward the shore in synchronization with each other, but separated by a patch of calmer water in between - the channel is typically below that calmer water.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Surdo, Kora
Response: Kora is string, Surdo is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What Is a Request for Quote (RFQ)?
Response: A request for quote (RFQ) is a structured acquisition process in which a company or Govt. Agency solicits select suppliers and contractors to submit price quotes and bids for the chance to fulfill specific tasks or projects. The RFQ process is especially important to businesses or government agencies that need a consistent supply of a specific number of standard products. Companies may send RFQs alone or before a request for proposal (RFP).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, how is the instrument called the "rubab" made?
Context: Rubab, Robab or Rabab (Pashto / Persian: رُباب, Kashmiri : رَبابہٕ, Sindhi: روباب (Nastaleeq), रबाब (Devanagari), Azerbaijani / Turkish: Rübab, Tajik / Uzbek рубоб) is a lute-like musical instrument. The rubab, one of the national musical instruments of Afghanistan, is also commonly played in Pakistan and India by Pashtuns, Balochis, Sindhis, Kashmiris and Punjabis. The rubab has three variants, the Kabuli rebab of Afghanistan, the Seni rebab of northern India and the Pamiri rubab of Tajikistan. The instrument and its variants spread throughout West, Central, South and Southeast Asia. The Kabuli rebab from Afghanistan  derives its name from the Arabic rebab and is played with a bow while in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent, the instrument is plucked and is distinctly different in construction. In general, the body is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in fourths, two or three drone strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings. The instrument is traditionally made from the trunk of a mulberry tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings from the intestines of young goats (gut) or nylon.
Response: The body of the rubab is carved out of a single piece of wood, with a head covering a hollow bowl which provides the sound-chamber. The bridge sits on the skin and is held in position by the tension of the strings. It has three melody strings tuned in fourths, two or three drone strings and up to 15 sympathetic strings. The instrument is traditionally made from the trunk of a mulberry tree, the head from an animal skin such as goat, and the strings from the intestines of young goats (gut) or nylon.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: 10 best cars to own
Response: Benz Motorwagen
Waverly Electric
Ford Model T
VW Beetle
Cord L-29
Ford 150 Pickup Truck
Oldsmobile F-88
BMC Mini
Ford Mustang
Porsche 911
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Saffron, where does this name originally come from?
Context: A degree of uncertainty surrounds the origin of the English word "saffron". It might stem from the 12th-century Old French term safran, which comes from the Latin word safranum, from the Arabic (زَعْفَرَان), za'farān, which comes from the Persian word zarparan meaning "gold strung" (implying either the golden stamens of the flower or the golden color it creates when used as flavor).
Response: It comes from the Persian word zarparan
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what is the difference between a tale and a tail
Response: tale is a noun referencing narration events vs a tail could be rear end of an animal
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Identify different ways to achieve safe atmospheric entry for space shuttles and provide a bullet list.
Context: To return to Earth, the escape velocity of the Moon must be overcome for the spacecraft to escape the gravity well of the Moon. Rockets must be used to leave the Moon and return to space. Upon reaching Earth, atmospheric entry techniques are used to absorb the kinetic energy of a returning spacecraft and reduce its speed for safe landing. These functions greatly complicate a moon landing mission and lead to many additional operational considerations. Any moon departure rocket must first be carried to the Moon's surface by a moon landing rocket, increasing the latter's required size. The Moon departure rocket, larger moon landing rocket and any Earth atmosphere entry equipment such as heat shields and parachutes must in turn be lifted by the original launch vehicle, greatly increasing its size by a significant and almost prohibitive degree.
Response: - Reduce speed and absorb kinetic energy on reentry.
- Use heat shields
- Use parachutes
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Boobam, Orutu
Response: Boobam is percussion, Orutu is string.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Who has won an NBA regular season MVP?
Response: The NBA regular season MVPs, in chronological order, are:
- Bob Pettit (1956, 1959)
- Bob Cousy (1957)
- Bill Russell (1958, 1961-63, 1965)
- Wilt Chamberlain (1960, 1966-68)
- Oscar Robertson (1964)
- Westley (Wes) Unseld (1969)
- Willis Reed (1970)
- Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (1971-72, 1974, 1976-77, 1980)
- Dave Cowens (1973)
- Bob McAdoo (1975)
- Bill Walton (1978)
- Moses Malone (1979, 1982-83)
- Julius Erving (1981)
- Larry Bird (1984-86)
- Magic Johnson (1987, 1989-90)
- Michael Jordan (1988, 1991-92, 1996, 1998)
- Charles Barkley (1993)
- Hakeem Olajuwon (1994)
- David Robinson (1995)
- Karl Malone (1997, 1999)
- Shaquille O'Neal (2000)
- Allen Iverson (2001)
- Tim Duncan (2002-03)
- Kevin Garnett (2004)
- Steve Nash (2005-06)
- Dirk Nowitzki (2007)
- Kobe Bryant (2008)
- LeBron James (2009-10, 2012-13)
- Derrick Rose (2011)
- Kevin Durant (2014)
- Stephen Curry (2015-16)
- Russell Westbrook (2017)
- James Harden (2018)
- Giannis Antetokounmpo (2019-20)
- Nikola Jokic (2021-22)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name the movies made by Quentin Tarantino.
Response: As of March 2023, Quentin Tarantino has made these movies:
1. Reservoir Dogs
2. Pulp Fiction
3. Jackie Brown
4. Kill Bill: Volume 1
5. Kill Bill: Volume 2
6. Death Proof
7. Inglourious Basterds
8. Django Unchained
9. The Hateful Eight
10. Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who is Silvio Micali?
Context: Silvio Micali (born October 13, 1954) is an Italian computer scientist, professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the founder of Algorand, a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol. Micali's research at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory centers on cryptography and information security.

In 2012, he received the Turing Award for his work in cryptography along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs.
Response: Silvio Micali is a cryptography professor at MIT. He received a Turing award in 2012 along with Shafi Goldwasser for their work on zero-knowledge proofs. Micali also founded Algorand, which is a a proof-of-stake blockchain cryptocurrency protocol and company.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference paragrah, who directed "The Man in the Saddle?"
Context: The Man in the Saddle (German: Der Mann im Sattel) is a 1945 German film directed by and starring Harry Piel.
Response: Harry Piel
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Daxophone, Kobza
Response: Kobza is string, Daxophone is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which film owns the record for the most Oscar wins?
Response: Three films own the record for the most Oscar wins. They are Titanic, Ben Hur, and Lord of the Rings: Return of the King, all of which won 11 awards.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In The Big Lebowski, The Dude can't stand which band?
Response: The Eagles.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Give me a 4 word summary of Moby Dick, which rhymes.
Response: Whale tale. Ahab fail.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When did Maggie Wilson first appear on TV?
Context: Wilson's first TV appearance was for GMA Network 7's Kakabakaba Adventure (2003) where she was a regular cast member until the show ended in 2004. Between 2003 and 2011, Wilson appeared and starred in several TV series and soap operas. With supporting roles in All Together Now (2004), Encantadia (2005), Darna (2005), Asian Treasures (2007) and Joaquin Bordado (2008). As part of the main cast in Saang Sulok ng Langit (2005), where she was nominated as Best TV Villain, My Guardian Abby (2006), Darna (2009) and Beauty Queen (2010).
Response: Wilson first appeared on TV on Kakabakaba Adventure in 2003.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Imagine a world where life expectancy is fixed and the same for everyone at birth, yet people can engage in life expectancy "donation" – meaning that someone can extend your life three years longer at the expense of theirs. Talk about a likely scenario in this world that involves manipulated, coerced donation.
Response: Those with power and money could lure the underprivileged groups into "donating" their life expectancy in exchange for a better future. Assuming that illnesses are still not eradicated, another scenario involving coerced donation could be those in control of the medications force the patients to cut their life short in order to get treated.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the main responses to "Bad Blood" listed in this text, including whether they were positive or negative.
Context: "Bad Blood" is a song by American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, taken from her fifth studio album 1989 (2014). Swift wrote the song with its producers Max Martin and Shellback. The album track is a pop song with stomping drums. A hip hop remix of "Bad Blood", featuring American rapper Kendrick Lamar and additional production by Ilya, was released as the fourth single from 1989 on May 17, 2015, by Big Machine and Republic Records.

The lyrics are about feelings of betrayal by a close friend. Upon the album's release, critics expressed mixed opinions about "Bad Blood", with some complimenting Swift's defiant attitude and dubbing it an album highlight, while others criticized its production and lyrics. The remixed single was praised for the reworked instrumentation and Lamar's verses, which others considered to be out of place on a pop song. Media outlets speculated that American singer Katy Perry is the subject of the song. The remix received a Grammy nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.

"Bad Blood" was supported by a high-budget music video directed by Joseph Kahn and produced by Swift. It featured an ensemble cast consisting of many singers, actresses and fashion models, which received wide media coverage. Critics praised the video for its cinematic and futuristic visuals inspired by neo-noir styles. It won a Grammy Award for Best Music Video, and two MTV Video Music Awards for the Video of the Year and Best Collaboration. Commercially, "Bad Blood" reached number one in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Scotland, as well as the United States, where it topped the Billboard Hot 100, Adult Top 40 and Mainstream Top 40 charts. It has been certified triple platinum in Australia and Canada, and 6× platinum in the US.
Response: * positive about Taylor Swift's defiant attitude
* negative about the song's production and lyrics
* positive about the instrumentation and verses
* positive about the accompanying music video's visuals
* positive in terms of topping several charts
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When was Telangana created?
Context: Telangana (/ˌtɛlənˈɡɑːnə/ (listen); Telugu: [ˈtelaŋɡaːɳa], Urdu: [ˈtɪləŋɡɑːna] (listen)) is a state in India situated on the south-central stretch of the Indian peninsula on the high Deccan Plateau. It is the eleventh-largest state and the twelfth-most populated state in India with a geographical area of 112,077 km2 (43,273 sq mi) and 35,193,978 residents as per 2011 census. On 2 June 2014, the area was separated from the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh as the newly formed state of Telangana, with Hyderabad as its capital. Its other major cities include Warangal, Nizamabad, Khammam, Karimnagar and Ramagundam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north, Chhattisgarh to the northeast, Karnataka to the west, and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. The terrain of Telangana consists mostly of the Deccan Plateau with dense forests covering an area of 27,292 km2 (10,538 sq mi). As of 2019, the state of Telangana is divided into 33 districts.
Response: 2014
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Replace the word "lawyer" with "judge" and the word "pacifist" with "peace lover"
Context: Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German lawyer, writer, journalist and pacifist.
Response: Hermann Fernau (born 1883 or 1884) was a German judge, writer, journalist and peace lover.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each sports as either cardio, racket or team: running, biking, basketball, football, badminton, tennis, squash, swimming.
Response: Running, Biking and Swimming are Cardio sports, while badminton, tennis and squash are racket sports, and lastly, basketball and football are team sports.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to win and make friends?
Response: As simple as this sounds, in reality, making friends and winning them is one of the toughest processes. Good friends are the biggest boon to life. It takes a lot of effort to know and understand people and make them friends. Here are a couple of qualities to have in us to make and win friends for life:
1. Along with their names, remember the name of their spouse/children/ any closest person they usually mention
2. Genuinely show interest and listen to them when they talk
3. Encourage them to talk about their interests
4. Don't criticize but understand them
5. Admit when you are wrong
6. Respect their opinions and don't judge
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is the company Swiss Re
Context: Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written. Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.
Response: Swiss Reinsurance Company Ltd, commonly known as Swiss Re, is a reinsurance company based in Zurich, Switzerland. It is one of the world's largest reinsurers, as measured by net premiums written.

Swiss Re operates through offices in more than 25 countries and was ranked 118th in Forbes Global 2000 leading companies list in 2016. It was also ranked 313th on the Fortune Global 500 in 2015.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: In YAML tell me a list of teams mentioned in the text. It should be in the form `location: ${location}`, `mascot: ${mascot}`
Context: The Dallas Cowboys joined the NFL as an expansion team in 1960. The team's national following might best be represented by its NFL record of consecutive sell-outs. The Cowboys' streak of 190 consecutive sold-out regular and post-season games (home and away) began in 2002. The franchise has made it to the Super Bowl eight times, tying it with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Denver Broncos for second-most Super Bowl appearances in history behind the New England Patriots' record 11 appearances. The Cowboys have won eight NFC championships, the most in the conference's history. The Cowboys are the only NFL team to record 20 straight winning seasons (from 1966 to 1985) during which they missed the playoffs only twice (1974 and 1984).
Response: - location: Dallas
  mascot: Cowboys
- location: Pittsburgh
  mascot: Steelers
- location: Denver
  mascot: Broncos
- location: New England
  mascot: Patriots
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the 3 largest oil companies?
Response: The 3 largest oil companies are Saudi Aramco, ExxonMobil, and Chevron.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people in the below text separated by commas and ordered in alphabetical order by first name
Context: In addition to being well known for articles about scenery, history, and the most distant corners of the world, the magazine has been recognized for its book-like quality and its standard of photography. It was during the tenure of Society President Alexander Graham Bell and editor Gilbert H. Grosvenor (GHG) that the significance of illustration was first emphasized, in spite of criticism from some of the Board of Managers who considered the many illustrations an indicator of an “unscientific” conception of geography. By 1910, photographs had become the magazine's trademark and Grosvenor was constantly on the search for "dynamical pictures" as Graham Bell called them, particularly those that provided a sense of motion in a still image. In 1915, GHG began building the group of staff photographers and providing them with advanced tools including the latest darkroom.The magazine began to feature some pages of color photography in the early 1930s, when this technology was still in its early development. During the mid-1930s, Luis Marden (1913–2003), a writer and photographer for National Geographic, convinced the magazine to allow its photographers to use the so-called "miniature" 35 mm Leica cameras loaded with Kodachrome film over bulkier cameras with heavy glass plates that required the use of tripods.In 1959, the magazine started publishing small photographs on its covers, later becoming larger photographs. National Geographic photography quickly shifted to digital photography for both its printed magazine and its website. In subsequent years, the cover, while keeping its yellow border, shed its oak leaf trim and bare table of contents, to allow for a full page photograph taken for one of the month's articles. Issues of National Geographic are often kept by subscribers for years and re-sold at thrift stores as collectibles. The standard for photography has remained high over the subsequent decades and the magazine is still illustrated with some of the highest-quality photojournalism in the world. In 2006, National Geographic began an international photography competition, with over eighteen countries participating.
Response: Alexander Graham Bell, Gilbert H. Grosvenor, Luis Marden
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: From this paragraph, tell me when Mary died and when did Elizabeth had Mary, Queen of Scots imprisoned. Also, who supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown?
Context: Mary's death in 1558 led to her half-sister Elizabeth taking the throne. Unlike Mary, Elizabeth was firmly in the reformist camp and quickly reimplemented many of Edward's reforms. Philip, no longer co-monarch, deemed Elizabeth a heretic and illegitimate ruler of England. In the eyes of the Catholic Church, Henry had never officially divorced Catherine, making Elizabeth illegitimate. It is alleged that Philip supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favour of her Catholic cousin and heir presumptive, Mary, Queen of Scots. These plans were thwarted when Elizabeth had Mary imprisoned in 1567. Mary was forced to abdicate the crown of Scotland in favour of her son James VI. The first documented suggestion of what was called the Enterprise of England was in the summer of 1583 when, flushed with pride of his victory in the Azores, Álvaro de Bazán, Marquis of Santa Cruz addressed the suggestion to Philip II of taking advantage of it to attack England.
Response: Mary (Bloody Mary) died in 1558 and Elizabeth had Mary (Queen of Scots) imprisoned in 1567. Philip Supported plots to have Elizabeth overthrown in favor of her catholic cousin,  who he thought was the true heir: Mary, Queen of Scots.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following countries by area as large, medium, small: russia, china, switzerland, egypt, indonesia, argentina, netherlands, south africa, iran, san marino, togo, canada
Response: Large: russia, china, canada
Medium: egypt, indonesia, argentina, south africa, iran
Small: switzerland, san marino, togo
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether you drive on the right or left side of the road in these countries: USA, Mexico, Spain, England, New Zealand, Japan
Response: USA: Right Side
Mexico: Right Side
Spain: Right Side
England: Left Side
New Zealand: Left Side
Japan: Left Side
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Is competition healthy?
Response: Competition is prevalent everywhere in our society. Despite causing many people to feel stressed or pressured, competition is beneficial for challenging oneself, but it must be utilized properly.
A common habitat of competition is in sports. Whether it be competing against another person, another team, or against time, sports push people to work harder, faster, and stronger. This athletic competition is good, because it is mutually beneficial for both parties. Both and all players are challenged physically, and thats are taught both the importance and, if they succeed, the rewards of hard work.
Competition in sports is expected, However, the misuse of competitiveness has become common in academics. While competition in sports is expected, academics is meant to be more reflective. Competition between students for the highest marks can be good, as both will challenge each other, but often makes other students feel belittled and unworthy. Grades in particular are a measure of self-knowledge and hard work and should not be used to compare one student to another. This is where and how competition is often misused and its intentions misunderstood.
Often this misused competition comes from pressure from peers, parents, and sometimes teachers. A common example is competition between siblings stimulated by parents: comparing the childrens looks, academie abilities, athleticism, and social awareness. This kind of abusive competition is more likely to create anxiety, insecurity, and depression for both siblings, revealing perhaps the most important condition for healthy competition: it has to come from yourself.
Almost all negative experiences with competition stem from society around us, leading many to believe that the correct thing to do is compare students, siblings. children, employees, and more. But competition's true purpose is to inspiles oneself to work hard and take on new challenges. "Forced" competition doesn't allow a person to be in control of their goals. This is why Kohn felt "caught on a treadmill," when being compared to others. The competition comes from within and motivates one to set, work for, and reach new goals.
To prevent unhealthy competition, people should try to be more vocal about their goals and expectations about themselves. Encouragement, of course, is always nice so voicing your wishes is important. If parents, teachers, or bosses know what you expect from yourself. they can better encourage, support, and challenge you.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Red-throated diver, Redlip blenny
Response: Redlip blenny is a fish, Red-throated diver is a bird
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Vibraslap, Inanga
Response: Vibraslap is percussion, Inanga is string.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the NBA's all time leading scorer?
Response: In February 2023, LeBron James became the NBA's all time leading scorer surpassing Kareem Abdul-Jabbar. James scored 38 points that night while moving past Abdul-Jabbar's career total of 38,387 points.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the reference text about the marathon, who currently holds the men's record in the marathon?
Context: World records were not officially recognized by the IAAF until 1 January 2004; previously, the best times for the marathon were referred to as the 'world best'. Courses must conform to IAAF standards for a record to be recognized. However, marathon routes still vary greatly in elevation, course, and surface, making exact comparisons impossible. Typically, the fastest times are set over relatively flat courses near sea level, during good weather conditions and with the assistance of pacesetters.

The current world record time for men over the distance is 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds, set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge of Kenya on 25 September 2022, an improvement of 30 seconds over the previous record also set in the Berlin Marathon by Eliud Kipchoge, on 16 September 2018.

The world record for women was set by Brigid Kosgei of Kenya in the Chicago Marathon on 13 October 2019, in 2 hours 14 minutes and 4 seconds who broke the record Paula Radcliffe of Great Britain had set over 16 years earlier at the London Marathon.
Response: The current men's world record in the marathon is held by Eliud Kipchoge, who ran the Berlin Marathon on September 25th 2022 with a time of 2 hours 1 minute and 09 seconds.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some good non-textbook resources for someone to learn more about the world wars?
Response: There are many podcasts and documentaries out there that center around the world wars. Some notable examples include Ken Burns' documentary The War which is about WWII, Dan Carlin's podcast series Blueprint for Armageddon which lays out the historical context leading to WWI and describes the war in great details. Non-fiction such as Anne Frank's diary provides painful insights to life as Jew who has to hide from Nazi's persecution. Some fictional movies and books can provide a historically accurate glimpse to the human conditions or the major battles of the war, including Band of Brothers, Schindler's List, All Quiet on the Western Front.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who are the  most referred to Devas in the Rigveda as per the passage?
Context: In Vedic literature, Devas and Devis represent the forces of nature and some represent moral values (such as the Adityas, Varuna, and Mitra), each symbolizing the epitome of a specialized knowledge, creative energy, exalted and magical powers (Siddhis).
Vedic era deities evolved over time. Rudra (left) is represented in Vedic literature, is shown as Shiva-Rudra 2nd-century sculpture (middle), and as Shiva (meaning kind) in 13th-century art work (right). The iconography evolved, retaining some symbolic elements such as trident, axe or antelope.The most referred to Devas in the Rigveda are Indra, Agni (fire) and Soma, with "fire deity" called the friend of all humanity, it and Soma being the two celebrated in a yajna fire ritual that marks major Hindu ceremonies. Savitr, Vishnu, Rudra (later given the exclusive epithet of Shiva), and Prajapati (later Brahma) are gods and hence Devas.The Vedas describes a number of significant Devis such as Ushas (dawn), Prithvi (earth), Aditi (cosmic moral order), Saraswati (river, knowledge), Vāc (sound), Nirṛti (destruction), Ratri (night), Aranyani (forest), and bounty goddesses such as Dinsana, Raka, Puramdhi, Parendi, Bharati, Mahi among others are mentioned in the Rigveda. Sri, also called Lakshmi, appears in late Vedic texts dated to be pre-Buddhist, but verses dedicated to her do not suggest that her characteristics were fully developed in the Vedic era. All gods and goddesses are distinguished in the Vedic times, but in the post-Vedic texts (~500 BCE to 200 CE), and particularly in the early medieval era literature, they are ultimately seen as aspects or manifestations of one Brahman, the Supreme power.
Response: Indra, Agni (fire) and Soma
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are some good things to do while spending a day in the Tamalpais Valley area of Mill Valley, CA?
Response: Tamalpais Valley is a small neighborhood located in Marin County, California. A number of enjoyable activities can be had there during a short visit. Surrounded by lush hills, you will find a number of well maintained hiking trails. You can also enjoy delicious food at Cafe del Soul or Good Earth. If you need a quick pick-me-up, head over to Equator Coffees for a latte or espresso. Finally, you can cap your night off socializing with friends at The Junction over a pint of beer served from one of their 30 rotating taps.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Based on the above information, provide the real names of the cast in the American television sitcom Friends. Separate the names using a comma. Also provide the date when the series finale was aired. Provide the date in MM/DD/YYYY format.
Context: Friends is an American television sitcom created by David Crane and Marta Kauffman, which aired on NBC from September 22, 1994, to May 6, 2004, lasting ten seasons. With an ensemble cast starring Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry and David Schwimmer, the show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The series was produced by Bright/Kauffman/Crane Productions, in association with Warner Bros. Television. The original executive producers were Kevin S. Bright, Kauffman, and Crane.

Kauffman and Crane began developing Friends under the working title Insomnia Cafe between November and December 1993. They presented the idea to Bright, and together they pitched a seven-page treatment of the show to NBC. After several script rewrites and changes, including title changes to Six of One and Friends Like Us, the series was finally named Friends.

Filming took place at Warner Bros. Studios in Burbank, California. The show ranked within the top ten of the final television season ratings; it ultimately reached the number-one spot in its eighth season. The series finale aired on May 6, 2004, and was watched by around 52.5 million American viewers, making it the fifth-most-watched series finale in television history and the most-watched television episode of the 2000s.
Response: As per the above passage, the cast of Friends include Jennifer Aniston, Courteney Cox, Lisa Kudrow, Matt LeBlanc, Matthew Perry, David Schwimmer. The series finale was aired on 05/06/2004.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What does AWS stand for?
Response: AWS is an abbreviation for Amazon Web Services. AWS is a subsidiary of Amazon and delivers cloud computing services.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some examples of movies that won best picture in the 1990s?
Response: Some of the movies that won an Oscar for best picture in the 1990s include: Titanic, The English Patient, Forrest Gump, and Dances with Wolves.