fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greater footballer of all time?
Response: There is no universal consensus on who the greatest footballer of all time is. In the women's game, Marta of Brazil and Mia Hamm of the USA are considered to be two of the greatest footballers of all time. Both were forwards, and both were awarded the FIFA World Player of the Year multiple times - 6 in total for Marta, twice for Mia Hamm. In the men's game, Lionel Messi (Argentina & Barcelona) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal and Real Madrid) are considered two of the greatest players of all time during modern times. Before them, Pele of Brazil and Diego Maradona of Argentina were often considered two of the best players of all time.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which American president appears on a one-dollar bill?
Response: George Washington
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How should a 30 year old invest their money to enable them to retire by the time they're 65?
Response: Saving for retirement is an important topic for any individual or family to consider. 

In the US, most full-time employees are eligible for 401K or Roth IRA retirement savings programs through their employer, which enable you to defer taxes on your income and, in some cases, receive additional supplemental contributions up to a certain amount from your employer.

Through your 401K you often have access to a select range of what are call index funds, or mixes of securities that track specific groups of stocks, bonds, or other financial instruments. These can be actively managed, where a company or advisor controls the underlying investments in these funds, or passively managed, where the fund tracks a specific market or list of companies (example: XLF, a fund that tracks the broader banking industry). 

In terms of managing risk, generally you have a higher percentage of stocks vs. bonds or cash in your portfolio earlier in your career, with this mix shifting toward lower risk bonds as you get closer to retirement. Generally speaking, while actively managed funds do in some instances perform well, they are, on average, very similar in their performance to passively managed index funds and, due to their associated fees, most experts agree it's wise to focus on broad market index funds. 

A common retirement portfolio for a 30 year old might be comprised 50-75% of large capitalization domestic stock funds. It's typically wise to have some exposure to foreign markets and small/medium capitalization domestic stocks or specific market segments, with minimal bonds or cash until later in life.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a few sentences about why people who live in the Bay Area of California are moving to the Sacramento area.
Response: The Bay Area of California has always been severely impacted by a high concentration of people who largely moved there for work. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic forced many organizations to allow for remote work. As a result, many people have moved elsewhere in California while still being able to work at their same job. Many chose to move to the Greater Sacramento area, as it offeres a lower cost of living, warmer weather, and a slower pace of life, all while being within a few hours of the Bay Area if need for travel every reappears.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is recency bias?
Response: Recency bias is the overweighting the result of more recent events when predicting what will happen in the future.  For example, if I recently experienced a pandemic that dramatically affected my quality of life, I may tend to overestimate the likelihood of another pandemic in the near future.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which of these animals live in water and which live on land: elephants, wolves, sharks, dolphins, cows, raccoons, pigs.
Response: From the list provided, only sharks and dolphins live in water. The rest live on land: elephants, wolves, cows, raccoons, pigs.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the primary causes of inflation?
Response: The 5 causes of inflation are increase in wages, increase in the price of raw materials, increase in taxes, decline in productivity, increase in money supply.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List the best toys for toddlers?
Response: 1. Tonies Box
2. Fisher Price Little People Sets
3. Dress up
4. Music, drums, keyboard, microphones etc
5. Play food
6. Play Dough
7. Doctor
8. Fishing
9. Sandbox
10. Slides
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the beginning and ending term of António de Serpa Pimentel from the following text
Context: António de Serpa Pimentel (1825 in Coimbra – 1900) was Prime Minister of Portugal from 14 January to 11 October 1890. His term in office began as a reaction to the British ultimatum concerning Portuguese colonial policy in southeast Africa. The signing of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty later that year, which was intended as a step to resolve the crisis, was viewed as further appeasement of a powerful Britain. This led to his resignation and the fall of his government.
Response: António de Serpa Pimentel was the Prime Minister of Portugal from 14 January 1890 to 11 October 1890
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Crakehall?
Response: "None So Fierce"
Category: general_qa
Instruction: We are expecting a baby. Can you describe your experience and provide some pointers as a first time parent?
Response: * Baby sleeps all the time. You might end up hearing this a lot from others but in reality it might not be true. As everything in life, it depends. Some babies “sleep like a baby” but others might not. Our baby only sleeps if we hold him in our hands and he also had some reflex issues. Due to this reflex issue, as soon as we put him in the bed, he wakes up immediately and started to cry as the milk comes up from his stomach to his mouth. We are at-least a bit lucky here as he sleeps on our hands. Some babies may have colic and cries with no reason. That would have been much worse situation to be in.
* You might be wondering how to hold the baby properly and how to change diapers and so on and forth. Trust me, you will learn all these things in no time.
* Babies mainly cries for the following three reasons. 1. When they are hungry 2. When they are sleepy 3. When they need diaper change. Hence you should rule out all these three before you escalate the baby crying issue.
* Team work is very important. Work with your partner. Plan, schedule your time and execute it. Taking care of baby is really a two or more persons job. Your partner needs all the help that is available. Utilise your parental leave.
* Don’t get stressed out if the baby do not reach the milestones that you read on the internet. Every baby is unique and they reach milestones in their own timeline
* It is very important to enjoy the journey as you will never get those moments back and trust me, these will be very precious moment in your life.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please note down some points regarding Austrian Cup  from the given text
Context: The Austrian Cup (German: ÖFB-Cup), known as UNIQA ÖFB Cup for sponsorship purposes, is an annual football competition held by the Austrian Football Association, the ÖFB. During the 2008–09 season, Austria Wien won the tournament for 27th time, a record. Red Bull Salzburg are the current holders, winning the 2021-2022 tournament, making it their 8th successive win in the tournament and their 9th overall.
Response: 1. The Austrian Football Association, or FB, holds an annual football competition known as the Austrian Cup (German: FB-Cup), often known as the UNIQA FB Cup for sponsorship reasons. Austria Wien set a record by winning the competition for the 27th time during the 2008–09 season.
2. Red Bull Salzburg is the current champion, having won the competition for the eighth time in a row and nine times total.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When was the first idea of mobile phone developed, and was it created or commercialized at that time?
Context: A handheld mobile radio telephone service was envisioned in the early stages of radio engineering. In 1917, Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". Early predecessors of cellular phones included analog radio communications from ships and trains. The race to create truly portable telephone devices began after World War II, with developments taking place in many countries. The advances in mobile telephony have been traced in successive "generations", starting with the early zeroth-generation (0G) services, such as Bell System's Mobile Telephone Service and its successor, the Improved Mobile Telephone Service. These 0G systems were not cellular, supported few simultaneous calls, and were very expensive.
Response: The early idea of mobile phone goes back to the early stages of radio engineering. It was in 1917 that a Finnish inventor Eric Tigerstedt filed a patent for a "pocket-size folding telephone with a very thin carbon microphone". 
No, the real handheld mobile radio telephones were not created or commercialized at that time. It was after World War II that the race to create truly portable telephone devices began with developments taking place in many countries.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: While deciding to buy a bicycle, you need to consider few parameters such as age, gender, price, quality, the purpose of buying, type of bicycle/features etc. For ex: if you are a boy of age 24, then you would consider to buy a bicycle with height of 18" inch, with gear & shocker, etc.
And if you are a girl of age 6 yrs, then you would consider a kid friendly bicycle with good safety features that the kid can ride.
Response: Budget, quality and the person who will ride the bicycle are key thing. Start with exploring the options based on budget and the type of bicycle that you may need and then narrow down the bicycle basis your requirement. And then compare with features, price and quality that can help to narrow down the selection process.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Caxixi, Gunjac
Response: Gunjac is string, Caxixi is percussion.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the book "The Sun Also Rises" about?
Context: The Sun Also Rises is a 1926 novel by American writer Ernest Hemingway, his first, that portrays American and British expatriates who travel from Paris to the Festival of San Fermín in Pamplona to watch the running of the bulls and the bullfights. An early modernist novel, it received mixed reviews upon publication. Hemingway biographer Jeffrey Meyers writes that it is now "recognized as Hemingway's greatest work" and Hemingway scholar Linda Wagner-Martin calls it his most important novel. The novel was published in the United States in October 1926 by Scribner's. A year later, Jonathan Cape published the novel in London under the title Fiesta. It remains in print.

The novel is a roman à clef: the characters are based on people in Hemingway's circle and the action is based on events, particularly Hemingway's life in Paris in the 1920s and a trip to Spain in 1925 for the Pamplona festival and fishing in the Pyrenees. Hemingway presents his notion that the "Lost Generation"—considered to have been decadent, dissolute and irretrievably damaged by World War I—was in fact resilient and strong. Hemingway investigates the themes of love and death, the revivifying power of nature and the concept of masculinity. His spare writing style, combined with his restrained use of description to convey characterizations and action, demonstrates his "Iceberg Theory" of writing.
Response: The Sun Also Rises is a book based on people Hemingway knew from his life in Paris, fishing in the Pyrenees, and a trip to the Pamplona festival in Spain.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What film is recognized as the first film in the world with an entirely black cast?
Context: William D. Foster, sometimes referred to as Bill Foster (1884 – 15 April 1940), was a pioneering African-American film producer who was an influential figure in the Black film industry in the early 20th century, along with others such as Oscar Micheaux. He was the first African American to found a film production company, establishing the Foster Photoplay Company in Chicago in 1910. Foster had a vision for the African-American community to portray themselves as they wanted to be seen, not as someone else depicted them. He was influenced by the black theater community and wanted to break the racial stereotyping of blacks in film. He was an actor and writer under the stage name Juli Jones, as well as an agent for numerous vaudeville stars. His film The Railroad Porter, released in 1912, is credited as being the world's first film with an entirely black cast and director. The film is also credited with being the first black newsreel, featuring images of a YMCA parade. Foster's company produced four films that were silent shorts.
Response: The Railroad Porter, produced by Bill Foster in 1912, is recognized as the first film in the world with a fully black cast and director.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What are the best things about being in a loving relationship?
Response: No matter how bad your day goes, no matter how small people may make you feel, no matter how cruel the outside world can be, you know that you are loved, valued, appreciated, and cherished. Someone thinks the world of you, and they can't imagine life without you. You feel safe. They help you heal from old wounds. They make you strong, confident, and resilient. They lift you up. They give you something to look forward to every single day. And being in their arms feels like home. There is no better way to spend your life than loving your soulmate.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why the Kings will beat the Warriors in the Playoffs
Response: The Kings and Warriors both have high octane offenses and are both weak on defense. Both teams have superior shooting but where Kings lack in playoff experience, they gain in youth. Warriors star players are all over the age of 31 and are on their last legs. Where Kings will thrive is in the paint, the warriors have no one to stop Sabonis. He will dominated Draymond Green in the paint and force double teams which will lead to another Sabonis skill, passing.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is pickleball so popular?
Response: Pickleball combines elements of both tennis and ping pong.   Tennis can take up to 2 years to learn the skills in order to play a proper tennis match while pickleball can be learned very quickly.   The motor skills involved with the fast play of ping pong are necessary with pickleball however there is more exercise involved with pickleball.   When you combine the easy to learn nature of pickleball with the fun exercise involved this is why pickleball is becoming the fastest growing sport in the United States.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you add two or more numbers
Response: You can add numbers by treating each number as a count of items and then counting all of the items to get a total result which is the sum of the numbers.  

The process of adding numbers is known as addition and is one of four basic maths operations.  This area of maths is known as arithmetic.

Counting the quantity of items is the same as repeatedly adding 1.

For example, adding the numbers two and three (or 2 + 3)  is the same as adding one (1) two times and then adding one (1) three times.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract from the text the family of Parametrodes.
Context: Parametrodes is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
Response: Geometridae
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is primary innovation that a piano delivered over a harpsichord?
Response: Since a harpsichord plucks the strings the same way each time in response to a keystroke, it delivers the same loudness for each note. A piano on the other hand uses padded hammers to strike the strings, and allows the musician to control each strike in such a way that they have control over the dynamics of each note. This control allows pianists to express a broad range of emotions by adjusting the loudness and softness according to the feelings they want to convey to the listener.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List the years in which the various seasons of You broadcasted as per the given passage. Use the format ‘season #no : Year’ in a bulleted list
Context: You is an American psychological thriller television series based on the books by Caroline Kepnes, developed by Greg Berlanti and Sera Gamble, and produced by Berlanti Productions, Alloy Entertainment, and A+E Studios in association with Warner Horizon Television, now Warner Bros. Television.

The first season, which is based on the novel You, premiered on Lifetime in September 2018, and follows Joe Goldberg, a bookstore manager and serial killer who falls in love and develops an extreme obsession. The season stars Penn Badgley, Elizabeth Lail, Luca Padovan, Zach Cherry, and Shay Mitchell. Lifetime announced in July 2018 that You had been renewed for a second season, based on Kepnes' follow-up novel Hidden Bodies. The series later moved to Netflix and the second season was released in December 2019. The season follows Joe as he moves to Los Angeles and falls in love with local heiress Love Quinn. For the second season, Ambyr Childers was upgraded to a series regular, joining newly cast Victoria Pedretti, James Scully, Jenna Ortega, and Carmela Zumbado.

In January 2020, the series was renewed for a third season by Netflix, which was released on October 15, 2021. In the third season, Saffron Burrows was upgraded to a series regular, joining newly cast Travis Van Winkle, Shalita Grant, Tati Gabrielle, and Dylan Arnold. In October 2021, ahead of the third-season premiere, the series was renewed for a fourth season, which was released over two parts on February 9 and March 9, 2023. The season also stars Charlotte Ritchie, Tilly Keeper, Amy-Leigh Hickman, Ed Speleers and Lukas Gage. In March 2023, the series was renewed for a fifth and final season.
Response: Season 1 : 2018
Season 2 : 2019
Season 3 : 2021
Season 4 : 2023
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: As per the passage which schools of Hinduism discuss Ishvara?
Context: Another Hindu term that is sometimes translated as deity is Ishvara, or alternatively various deities are described, state Sorajjakool et al., as "the personifications of various aspects of one and the same Ishvara". The term Ishvara has a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism. In ancient texts of Indian philosophy, Ishvara means supreme Self, Brahman (Highest Reality), ruler, king or husband depending on the context. In medieval era texts, Ishvara means God, Supreme Being, personal god, or special Self depending on the school of Hinduism.

Among the six systems of Hindu philosophy, Samkhya and Mimamsa do not consider the concept of Ishvara, i.e., a supreme being, relevant. Yoga, Vaisheshika, Vedanta and Nyaya schools of Hinduism discuss Ishvara, but assign different meanings.

Early Nyaya school scholars considered the hypothesis of a deity as a creator God with the power to grant blessings, boons and fruits; but these early Nyaya scholars then rejected this hypothesis, and were non-theistic or atheists. Later scholars of Nyaya school reconsidered this question and offered counter arguments for what is Ishvara and various arguments to prove the existence of omniscient, omnipresent, omnipotent deity (God).
Response: Yoga, Vaisheshika, Vedanta and Nyaya.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Mola mola or Molar
Response: Mola mola
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all the academic degrees from the text
Context: Schmidt was born in Falls Church, Virginia, and grew up in Falls Church and Blacksburg, Virginia. He is one of three sons of Eleanor, who had a master's degree in psychology, and Wilson Emerson Schmidt, a professor of international economics at Virginia Tech and Johns Hopkins University, who worked at the U.S. Treasury Department during the Nixon Administration. Schmidt spent part of his childhood in Italy as a result of his father's work and has stated that it had changed his outlook.

Schmidt graduated from Yorktown High School in the Yorktown neighborhood of Arlington County, Virginia, in 1972, after earning eight varsity letter awards in long-distance running. He attended Princeton University, starting as an architecture major and switching to electrical engineering, earning a Bachelor of Science in Engineering degree in 1976.

From 1976 to 1980, Schmidt resided at the International House Berkeley, where he met his future wife, Wendy Boyle.

In 1979, at the University of California, Berkeley, Schmidt earned an M.S. degree for designing and implementing a network (Berknet) linking the campus computer center with the CS and EECS departments. There, he also earned a PhD degree in 1982 in EECS, with a dissertation about the problems of managing distributed software development and tools for solving these problems.
Response: Master's Degree in Psychology
Bachelor of Science in Engineering
Master's of Science
PhD in EECS
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference text about the Philadelphia Phillies, how many stadiums have they had and where do they play currently?
Context: The franchise was founded in Philadelphia in 1883, replacing the team from Worcester, Massachusetts, in the National League. The team has played at several stadiums in the city, beginning with Recreation Park (1883–1886) and continuing at Baker Bowl (1887–1938); Shibe Park (which was renamed Connie Mack Stadium in 1953 in honor of the longtime Philadelphia Athletics manager Connie Mack) (1938–1970); Veterans Stadium (1971–2003), and now Citizens Bank Park (2004-present).
Response: The Phillies have played in five different stadium throughout their history in Philadelphia. They currently play at Citizens Bank Park.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Which building is the most higher?
Response: The tallest building in the world, as of my knowledge cutoff of September 2021, is the Burj Khalifa, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. The Burj Khalifa stands at a height of 828 meters (2,716 feet) and has 163 floors above ground. It was completed in 2010 and has held the title of the world's tallest building since its construction.

However, there are always new skyscrapers and buildings being constructed around the world, so it's possible that another building may surpass the height of the Burj Khalifa in the future.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a ton of feathers?
Response: A ton is more than a pound, so a ton of feathers weighs more than a pound of bricks.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Indian national anthem?
Response: The Indian national anthem is Jana Gana Mana, composed by Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. The parent song, 'Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata' is a Brahmo hymn which has five verses and only the first verse has been adopted as National Anthem.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Georg Friedrich Parrot, tell me when and where he was born as well as what he studied.
Context: Georg Friedrich Parrot (15 July 1767 – 8 July 1852) was a German scientist, the first rector of the Imperial University of Dorpat (today Tartu, Estonia) in what was then the Governorate of Livonia of the Russian Empire.

Education
Georges-Frédéric Parrot was born in Mömpelgard (now Montbéliard) (then part of the Duchy of Württemberg, from 1806 in France). His father, a surgeon by profession and the local duke's physician in ordinary, had a respectable position in the society becoming the mayor of his hometown. As the family was Protestants, they sent Georg Friedrich to study physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart in Stuttgart, the capital of the Duchy (1782–1786).
Response: Georg Friedrich Parrot was born on July 15, 1767 in Mömpelgard. He studied physics and mathematics at the University of Stuttgart.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why some people like spicy food?
Response: The taste preferences are related to several factors.
1) the influence from the parents, especially childhood habits.
2) the geographical location. 
3) the age. Older people like mild food.

Spicy is a test preference. Sichuan food and Mexican food are famous for their spicy taste. Kids do not like spicy food before they turn to age 10. People become less preferred to spicy food when the become older.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why should I use EKS over ECS?
Response: EKS enables a greater degree of portability and reduces lock-in risks, as compared to ECS. Because it is proprietary, ECS has no equivalent in other public clouds. EKS is based on Kubernetes, which is open source and can run in any public cloud or on-premises location. EKS also provides much richer functionality in comparison with ECS.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways I can avoid financial failure?
Response: Financial failure is the result of exceeding ones ability to service debts, and ones liabilities exceed their assets.  In general, you should live beneath your means, and decrease debts to a serviceable level.  To ensure financial success, it is recommended to save and invest to the point where you can comfortably live on 25x your yearly expenses at the typical yearly draw down of 4% to the point of the typical life expectancy of 30 years past retirement.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How is Toshiyuki written?
Context: Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters. Here are some examples:

敏幸, "agile, happiness"
敏行, "agile, go"
敏之, "agile, of"
敏志, "agile, determination"
敏恭, "agile, respectful"
俊幸, "talented, happiness"
俊行, "talented, go"
俊之, "talented, of"
俊志, "talented, determination"
俊恭, "talented, respectful"
利幸, "benefit, happiness"
利行, "benefit, go"
利之, "benefit, of"
寿幸, "long life, happiness"
寿行, "long life, go"
寿之, "long life, of"
年幸, "year, happiness"
年行, "year, go"
年之, "year, of"
The name can also be written in hiragana としゆき or katakana トシユキ.
Response: Toshiyuki can be written using different combinations of kanji characters.
Category: classification
Instruction: What are some movies about Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness?
Response: Here are some Hollywood movies that explore the concept of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Consciousness - 

* Ex Machina
* The Matrix
* Blade Runner
* The Terminator
* Wall-E
* Her
* I, Robot
* 2001: A Space Odyssey
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following Italian words as either a verb, a noun, or an adjective: andare, mangiare, buona, Alice, ristorante, veloce
Response: verb: andare, mangiare
noun: Alice, ristorante
adjective: buona, veloce
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How tall can a human being theoretically be?
Response: Theoretically, a human being can reach a maximum height of around 7 feet, 9 inches (2.3 meters) if they are fully grown. This is based on the average height of a male adult in the United States. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the tallest man was Sultan Kösen. Sultan Kösen (born 10 December 1982) is a Turkish farmer of Kurdish ethnicity who holds the Guinness World Record for tallest living male at 251 cm (8 ft 2.82 in). Kösen's growth resulted from the conditions gigantism and acromegaly, caused by a tumor affecting his pituitary gland.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these people are authors or actors: Ernest Hemingway, Stephen King, George Orwell, Johnny Depp, George Clooney, Jonah Hill
Response: Ernest Hemingway: Author
Stephen King: Author
George Orwell: Author
Johnny Depp: Actor
George Clooney: Actor
Jonah Hill: Actor
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest college football quarterback of all time?
Response: Different people have different opinions when ranking college football players. Both individual and team metrics are considered when determining the best quarterback. Key individual metrics include individual passing metrics (such as passer rating, number of passing yards, and number of touchdowns thrown) and individual awards won (such as the Heisman trophy). Key team metrics include the team's win percentage with the individual as the starting quarterback and the number of conference and nation championships won. A quarterback that excels at passing the football and running the football is commonly referred to as a "dual threat" quarterback. Individual rushing statistics may also be considered when determining their rankings. Many people consider Sam Bradford, Matt Leinart, and Peyton Manning to be among the best pure passing quarterbacks in college football history. Many people consider Cam Newton, Vince Young, and Johnny Manziel to be among the best dual threat quarterbacks in college football history. Opinions vary, but many people consider Tim Tebow to be the greatest college football quarterback of all-time due to his individual accomplishments, his team's accomplishments and revolutionary offensive play style, and his popularity amongst fans and the sports media.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these countries is in North America: Canada, China, or Poland
Response: Canada is located in North America
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following historical figures are known for their contribution to music: Mozart, George Washington, Vincent Van Gogh, Golda Meir, and Billy Holiday?
Response: Mozart and Billy Holiday are known for music.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Add additional details about what chess is
Context: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.
Response: Isidore Censer was a Belgian chess player.  Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: how does the java virtual machine work?
Response: the java virtual machine or JVM works by providing a virtual set of instructions and facilities that Java programs rely on to run. It then translates these virtual instructions run by the program into instructions that can be run by the underlying system or hardware. As one of the major design goals of Java from its origins was to provide portability of code, this capability allows all java programs to be compiled only for the specifications of the Java Virtual Machine, with the guarantee that those programs will run on any system or hardware platform that has an available Java Virtual Machine that runs on it.
Category: classification
Instruction: Of the following Quentin Tarantino films, which did he just write and direct, and which did he write, direct, and produce?

Reservoir Dogs
Pulp Fiction
Jackie Brown
Kill Bill: Volume 1
Kill Bill: Volume 2
Grindhouse: Death Proof
Inglourious Basterds
Django Unchained
The Hateful Eight
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
Response: Quentin Tarantino directed, wrote, and produced the following films:
Grindhouse: Death Proof
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood

Quentin Tarantino only wrote and directed the following films:
Reservoir Dogs
Pulp Fiction
Jackie Brown
Kill Bill: Volume 1
Kill Bill: Volume 2
Inglourious Basterds
Django Unchained
The Hateful Eight
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways to improve the value of your home?
Response: There are several things you do can to increase the value of your home. First, you can focus on what is known as "curb appeal", essentially making the outside and surrounding of your house attractive. Ensure that the landscaping is well maintained, fix any broken doors or windows, and painting the outside so that the house does not look dull. In the interior of your house, the best places to focus will be in your bathrooms and kitchen. Further, you can replace major appliances and components such as water heaters, furnaces, or the roof to increase the value. Another way to increase the value of your home is by making it bigger. Often, pricing for homes is done by looking at the area of the house, so by adding on new rooms or extra space, you can also increase the overall value of the house.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List some of the television gameshows that Bob Stewart created, co-created, and/or produced.
Response: The Price is Right, Password, To Tell the Truth, Pyramid shows (such as the $10,000 Pyramid, the $25,000 Pyramid, and so on), Jackpot!, Winning Streak
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who wrote Gone with the Wind
Response: Margaret Mitchell
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where are Himayalas located?
Context: The Himalayas, or Himalaya (/ˌhɪməˈleɪ.ə, hɪˈmɑːləjə/; Sanskrit: [ɦɪmaːlɐjɐ]; from Sanskrit himá 'snow, frost', and ā-laya 'dwelling, abode'), is a mountain range in Asia, separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau. The range has some of the planet's highest peaks, including the very highest, Mount Everest. Over 100 peaks exceeding 7,200 m (23,600 ft) in elevation lie in the Himalayas.
Response: The Himalayan mountain range is located in South East Asia. It spans India, Pakistan and Nepal.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given these paragraphs about the Tesla bot, what is its alias?
Context: Optimus, also known as Tesla Bot, is a conceptual general-purpose robotic humanoid under development by Tesla, Inc. It was announced at the company's Artificial Intelligence (AI) Day event on August 19, 2021. CEO Elon Musk claimed during the event that Tesla would likely build a prototype by 2022. Musk is on record having said that he thinks Optimus "has the potential to be more significant than the vehicle business over time."

Tesla Bot is planned to measure 5 ft 8 in (173 cm) tall and weigh 125 lb (57 kg). According to the presentation made during the first AI Day event, a Tesla Bot will be "controlled by the same AI system Tesla is developing for the advanced driver-assistance system used in its cars" and have a carrying capacity of 45 lb (20 kg). Proposed tasks for the product are ones that are "dangerous, repetitive and boring", such as providing manufacturing assistance.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optimus_(robot)
Response: Optimus
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Provide instructions on making a peanut butter and jelly sandwich
Response: Making the perfect peanut butter and jelly sandwich is part art and part science. One must must be judicious in the quantity of ingredients while ensuring proper coverage to ensure each bite is equal to the one before and after it. Here, both measurement and distribution of ingredients serves as the scientific aspect of constructing your delicious and timeless lunchtime meal. Jars of peanut utter suggest a serving size as 2 tablespoons, which, when applied to the critical soft white bread, may prove too much to hold and cause soak through or tearing of the bread. We think 1.5 tablespoons is the proper amount to ensure there is coverage of the bread slice to the crust without compromising the integrity of the bread. Jelly application is even more precarious, as it holds more fluid and can soak through the bread quicker; equally, jelly has a tendency to congeal. To ensure proper application, heat the jar of jelly closer to room temperature if refrigerated, then apply using a clean butter knife or small spatula. Again, one must ensure it reaches to the crust and is evenly distributed. Once you have complete coverage of peanut butter on one slice and jelly on the other, place the peanut butter side of the first slice on top of the upward-facing jelly slice. This ensure none of the jelly slips or drips. Once together, gently compress the sandwich. Slice delicately from one corner to the opposite corner. Gently press the crust edge of each triangle, and plate for serving.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is my Chinese Zodiac sign (animal)?
Response: There are 12 Zodiac animals: rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, goat, monkey, rooster, dog, and boar. To find it, you can look up the lunar calendar. But the following way is a quick and traditional Chinese way to find it.  

Calculate the remainder of (Year of birth - 1900) / 12, and check the remainder with date of birth:

Date of birth is before January 21: 
The remainder = 0, Boar
The remainder = 1, Rat
The remainder = 2, Ox
The remainder = 3, Tiger
The remainder = 4, Rabbit
The remainder = 5, Dragon
The remainder = 6, Snake
The remainder = 7, Horse
The remainder = 8, Goat
The remainder = 9, Monkey
The remainder = 10, Rooster
The remainder = 11, Dog

Date of birth is after February 20: 
The remainder = 0, Rat
The remainder = 1, Ox
The remainder = 2, Tiger
The remainder = 3, Rabbit
The remainder = 4, Dragon
The remainder = 5, Snake
The remainder = 6, Horse
The remainder = 7, Goat
The remainder = 8, Monkey
The remainder = 9, Rooster
The remainder = 10, Dog
The remainder = 11, Boar

For those born between January 21 and February 20, the beginning of the Lunar New Year usually, please look up the lunar calendar which will provide the details.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: I am planning to buy a bicycle; can u advise what to look out for when buying?
Response: Firstly it depends on what you want to use the bicycle for. Would it be for work, grocery, marathon or just for some casual runs around the neighborhood park. Based on that, look a few brands and their prices. Get an idea of the price and set aside a budget. Pick a few models around that budget and look at customer reviews, video reviews are more helpful than written reviews in my opinion.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year where C++ was standardized
Context: C++ (/ˈsiː plʌs plʌs/, pronounced "C plus plus") is a high-level, general-purpose programming language created by Danish computer scientist Bjarne Stroustrup. First released in 1985 as an extension of the C programming language, it has since expanded significantly over time; modern C++ currently has object-oriented, generic, and functional features, in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Embarcadero, Oracle, and IBM.

C++ was designed with systems programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems in mind, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers (e.g. e-commerce, web search, or databases), and performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes).

C++ is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), with the latest standard version ratified and published by ISO in December 2020 as ISO/IEC 14882:2020 (informally known as C++20). The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998 as ISO/IEC 14882:1998, which was then amended by the C++03, C++11, C++14, and C++17 standards. The current C++20 standard supersedes these with new features and an enlarged standard library. Before the initial standardization in 1998, C++ was developed by Stroustrup at Bell Labs since 1979 as an extension of the C language; he wanted an efficient and flexible language similar to C that also provided high-level features for program organization. Since 2012, C++ has been on a three-year release schedule with C++23 as the next planned standard.
Response: The C++ programming language was initially standardized in 1998
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When was the Victorian Football League renamed to the Australian Football League?
Response: 1990
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the number of bags of coffee São Paulo produced in 1888.
Context: Coffee production attracted immigrants in search of better economic opportunities in the early 1900s. Mainly, these were Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, and Japanese nationals. For instance, São Paulo received approximately 733,000 immigrants in the decade preceding 1900, whilst only receiving approximately 201,000 immigrants in the six years to 1890. The production yield of coffee increases. In 1880, São Paulo produced 1.2 million bags (25% of total production), in 1888 2.6 million (40%), and in 1902 8 million bags (60%). Coffee is then 63% of the country's exports. The gains made by this trade allow sustained economic growth in the country.
Response: São Paulo produced 2.6 million bags of coffee in 1888.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who was Ann-Marie Hermans?
Context: Ann-Marie Hermans is an Australian politician. She is a member of the Liberal Party and is a member of the Victorian Legislative Council, representing the South Eastern Metropolitan Region since November 2022. Upon election to the Legislative Council, she was appointed Shadow Minister for Emergency Services and Shadow Minister for WorkCover and the TAC in the Pesutto shadow cabinet. Before joining the Liberals, she ran for Family First at the 2006 Victorian state election.

Hermans was a school teacher prior to entering politics.
Response: Ann-Marie Hermans is an Australian politician from the Liberal Party. She has represented the South Eastern Metropolitan Region since November 2022.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are there polar bears in Antarctica?
Response: No, there are no polar bears in Antarctica. Polar bears are found in the northern hemisphere.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to stay focused during work?
Response: You can try below tips:
1. Have good sleep. Good sleep helps improve your concentration and memory.
2. Exercise more. Exercise helps you be more energetic.
3. Avoid multi-tasking. Multi-tasking makes us feel productive, but it can easily lead to burnout.
4. Eat well. Eat healthy food. Balanced nutrition is foundation to everything.

At last, I recommend to read a book "Deep Work" which outlines some tips of how to be more focused and productive.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided,  extract the cost of building Taj Mahal
Context: The Taj Mahal (/ˌtɑːdʒ məˈhɑːl, ˌtɑːʒ-/; lit. 'Crown of the Palace') is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the right bank of the river Yamuna in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. It was commissioned in 1631 by the fifth Mughal emperor, Shah Jahan (r. 1628–1658) to house the tomb of his favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal; it also houses the tomb of Shah Jahan himself. The tomb is the centrepiece of a 17-hectare (42-acre) complex, which includes a mosque and a guest house, and is set in formal gardens bounded on three sides by a crenellated wall.

Construction of the mausoleum was essentially completed in 1643, but work continued on other phases of the project for another 10 years. The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2020 would be approximately ₹70 billion (about US $1 billion). The construction project employed some 20,000 artisans under the guidance of a board of architects led by Ustad Ahmad Lahauri, the emperor’s court architect. Various types of symbolism have been employed in the Taj to reflect natural beauty and divinity.

The Taj Mahal was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 for being "the jewel of Muslim art in India and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage". It is regarded by many as the best example of Mughal architecture and a symbol of India's rich history. The Taj Mahal attracts more than 6 million visitors a year and in 2007, it was declared a winner of the New 7 Wonders of the World (2000–2007) initiative.
Response: The Taj Mahal complex is believed to have been completed in its entirety in 1653 at a cost estimated at the time to be around ₹32 million, which in 2020 would be approximately ₹70 billion (about US $1 billion)
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: In which years did the Women's England cricket team win the world cup
Response: 1973
1993
2009
2017
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List five titles by George R.R. Martin.
Response: A Game of Thrones, Dying of the Light, The Armageddon Rag, A Storm of Swords, A Song for Lya
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about ESPN's SportsCenter in 2009, in what west coast city did ESPN begin producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter?
Context: On April 6, 2009 (starting with the 9:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time edition, which was anchored by Hannah Storm and Sage Steele), SportsCenter debuted a new graphics package that saw the "rundown" graphic – shown during the daytime editions – being shifted to the left side of the screen. On that same date, SportsCenter began producing its 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter live from ESPN's production facilities in the newly constructed L.A. Live complex (just across from the Staples Center) in Los Angeles. The set is virtually identical to the setup at the main facilities in Bristol, and the late-night West Coast broadcast would be produced as simply another edition of the program. Neil Everett and Stan Verrett were appointed as the primary anchors for the Los Angeles-based editions of SportsCenter. A new BottomLine ticker was also unveiled that day on four of the five ESPN networks (ESPN, ESPN2, ESPN Classic and ESPNU); the redesigned ticker was quickly dropped, reverting to the old BottomLine design – which had been in use since April 2003 – due to an equipment failure (however, this ticker was operational for the 2009 NFL Draft and the 2009 NBA draft). After technical issues with the revamped BottomLine were fixed, the new BottomLine was reinstated on July 8.
Response: Los Angeles is the west coast city that ESPN began producing it's 1:00 a.m. Eastern Time edition of SportsCenter.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do people love the FIFA world cup?
Response: The FIFA world cup is loved by all because it is the one sporting event that brings national communities to rally around a common sport.  Futbol (football) or soccer as it is known in the United States has a way to unite and nations and cheer for their favorite national team.  It is arguably the one sport that has an equal playing field.  All one needs is a ball and players for any to play.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are the most influential Asian celebrities?
Response: Michelle Yeoh, having won the Oscar for best actress in 2023 and making history as the first Asian lead actress winner. Bruce Lee and Jackie Chan are also iconic Asian celebrities who are very well-known for their martial arts and action films.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What shape are Philodendron leaves?
Context: The leaves are usually large and imposing, often lobed or deeply cut, and may be more or less pinnate. They can also be oval, spear-shaped, or in many other possible shape variations. The leaves are borne alternately on the stem. A quality of philodendrons is that they do not have a single type of leaf on the same plant. Instead, they have juvenile leaves and adult leaves, which can be drastically different from one another. The leaves of seedling philodendrons are usually heart-shaped early in the life of the plant. But after it has matured past the seedling stage, the leaves will acquire the typical juvenile leaf's shape and size. Later in the philodendron's life, it starts producing adult leaves, a process called metamorphosis. Most philodendrons go through metamorphosis gradually; there is no immediately distinct difference between juvenile and adult leaves. Aside from being typically much bigger than the juvenile leaves, the shape of adult leaves can be significantly different. In fact, considerable taxonomic difficulty has occurred in the past due to these differences, causing juvenile and adult plants to mistakenly be classified as different species.
Response: They are spear-shaped