fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What were all the earlier names for the city presently known as Chennai?
Context: Chennai (/ˈtʃɛnaɪ/ (listen), Tamil: [ˈt͡ɕenːaɪ̯]), formerly known as Madras,[A] is the capital city of Tamil Nadu, the southernmost Indian state. It is the state's primate city both in area and population and is located on the Coromandel Coast of the Bay of Bengal. According to the 2011 Indian census, Chennai is the sixth-most populous city in India and forms the fourth-most populous urban agglomeration. The Greater Chennai Corporation is the civic body responsible for the city; it is the oldest city corporation of India, established in 1688—the second oldest in the world after London.

Historically, Chennai and surroundings were part of the Chola, Pandya, Pallava and Vijayanagara kingdoms for many centuries. The coastal land, which then contained the fishing village Madrasapattinam, was purchased by the British East India Company from the Nayak ruler Damarla Chennapa Nayaka, in the 17th century. The British garrison established the Madras city and port, and built Fort St. George—the first British fortress in India—which the French won over briefly in 1746, before becoming the winter capital of the Madras Presidency, a colonial province of the British Raj in the Indian subcontinent. After India gained its independence in 1947, Madras continued as the capital city of the Madras State and present-day Tamil Nadu. The city was officially renamed as Chennai in 1996.

The city is coterminous with Chennai district, which together with the adjoining suburbs constitutes the Chennai Metropolitan Area,[note 1] the 36th-largest urban area in the world by population and one of the largest metropolitan economies of India. As the traditional and de facto gateway of South India, Chennai is among the most-visited Indian cities by foreigners. It was ranked the 43rd most-visited city in the world in 2015 and 36th in 2019. The Quality of Living Survey rates it as India's safest city. Chennai attracts 45 percent of health tourists visiting India, and 30 to 40 percent of domestic health tourists. As such, it is termed "India's health capital". Chennai has the fifth-largest urban economy, and had the third-largest expatriate population in India.
Response: Chennai traces its roots back to a fishing village called Madrasapattinam. The British officially named it Madras when they purchased the land in the 17th century. The name of the city was changed to Chennai in 1996.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is fleece?
Response: Fleece is light, warm, quick-drying synthetic material often used for winter clothing. It does not do well as protection from the wind so is often used as an inner layer underneath a wind block like a gortex shell.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What is kombucha made of?
Response: Kombucha is a fermented drink made from tea, yeast, bacteria and sugar. It has grown in popularity, and some believe it has many health benefits.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what is the national language for India?
Response: There is no national language for India. However, the constitution of India specifically mentions that the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devanagari script.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why are cookies delicious?
Response: Cookies are delicious typically because they contain fat (oils usually), sugar, and salt in addition to carbohydrates from flour, many ingredients of which human taste buds enjoy. They are also baked, adding the heat element, which chemically alters them to be more palatable.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Silver hake or Silverback
Response: Silver hake
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between racquetball and tennis?
Response: While racquetball and tennis are similar in that they both involve using a racquet to hit a ball back and forth, there are many differences between racquetball and tennis.

Racquetball is played in an enclosed room where players hit the ball back and forth against the same wall. In tennis, players also hit the ball back and forth but they hit it to each other over a net. In tennis, the ball has a fuzzy outer layer which causes the ball's trajectory to be more influenced by the spin on the ball. The rackets in tennis are larger and have higher tension.

A tennis court is much larger than a racquetball court measuring 78 ft long and 36 ft wide. This width is reduced in tennis to 27 ft for a singles match.

These are just a few of the differences but there are many more: scoring, attire, court markings, etc.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What example of a cancer could cause blood in the urine?
Context: Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.
Response: Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. Symptoms may include blood in the urine, lump in the abdomen, or back pain. Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain.

The main types of kidney cancer are renal cell cancer (RCC), transitional cell cancer (TCC), and Wilms' tumor. RCC makes up approximately 80% of kidney cancers, and TCC accounts for most of the rest. Risk factors for RCC and TCC include smoking, certain pain medications, previous bladder cancer, being overweight, high blood pressure, certain chemicals, and a family history. Risk factors for Wilms' tumor include a family history and certain genetic disorders such as WAGR syndrome. Diagnosis may be suspected based on symptoms, urine testing, and medical imaging. It is confirmed by tissue biopsy.

Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Kidney cancer newly affected about 403,300 people and resulted in 175,000 deaths globally in 2018. Onset is usually after the age of 45. Males are affected more often than females. The overall five-year survival rate is 75% in the United States, 71% in Canada, 70% in China, and 60% in Europe. For cancers that are confined to the kidney, the five-year survival rate is 93%, if it has spread to the surrounding lymph nodes it is 70%, and if it has spread widely, it is 12%. Kidney cancer has been identified as the 13th most common form of cancer, and is responsible for 2% of the world's cancer cases and deaths. The incidence of kidney cancer has continued to increase since 1930. Renal cancer is more commonly found in populations of urban areas than rural areas.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about salmon, give me an overview of their lifecycle.
Context: Salmon are typically anadromous: they hatch in the gravel beds of shallow fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults and live like sea fish, then return to fresh water to reproduce. However, populations of several species are restricted to fresh water throughout their lives. Folklore has it that the fish return to the exact spot where they hatched to spawn, and tracking studies have shown this to be mostly true. A portion of a returning salmon run may stray and spawn in different freshwater systems; the percent of straying depends on the species of salmon. Homing behavior has been shown to depend on olfactory memory.
Response: Salmon hatch in fresh water streams, migrate to the ocean as adults, then return to fresh water to reproduce.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the Sun?
Response: The sun is how we refer to the star in our solar system, around which each of the planets rotate.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who married Beyonce in 2008?
Response: Jay Z
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the largest pollutant?
Response: Carbon dioxide (CO2) - a greenhouse gas emitted by burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and other human activities that contribute to climate change.

Particulate matter - tiny particles of pollutants such as dust, smoke, and soot that can be inhaled and cause respiratory problems.

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) - gases emitted by vehicle exhausts and industrial processes that contribute to air pollution and can also react with other pollutants to form ozone.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) - a gas emitted by burning fossil fuels and industrial processes that can cause respiratory problems and acid rain.

Methane (CH4) - a potent greenhouse gas emitted by agriculture, waste management, and natural gas production.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) - chemicals used in refrigeration, air conditioning, and industrial processes that contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which NBA franchises have the most championships?
Response: The Los Angeles Lakers and Boston Celtics each have 17 NBA championships, the most of any team.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: how to swim in ocean
Response: Swimming in the ocean can be an exhilarating experience, but it's important to take proper safety precautions to ensure that you stay safe. Here are some steps to follow to help you swim in the ocean:

Choose a Safe Location: Before entering the water, make sure you choose a safe location to swim. Look for a spot that's away from strong currents, riptides, and waves. Avoid swimming alone, and make sure there are other people around in case you need help.

Check the Conditions: Before entering the water, check the weather and ocean conditions. Avoid swimming if there are strong winds, high waves, or thunderstorms. If there are lifeguards on duty, ask them about the current conditions and any potential hazards.

Wear Proper Gear: Make sure you wear proper swimwear, such as a wetsuit or rash guard, to protect your skin from the sun and ocean elements. Consider wearing fins or a snorkel to help you swim more efficiently.

Practice Good Swimming Technique: When swimming in the ocean, use good swimming technique to help conserve your energy. Avoid swimming against the current, and swim parallel to the shore if you need to move sideways. Use a slow, steady stroke to conserve energy.

Be Aware of Marine Life: When swimming in the ocean, be aware of any marine life that may be in the water. Avoid swimming near schools of fish, and stay away from jellyfish and other potentially dangerous creatures. If you do encounter a shark or other predator, stay calm and swim away slowly.

Follow Ocean Safety Rules: Finally, follow any ocean safety rules that are in place. For example, some beaches may have specific areas designated for swimming, while others may require you to wear a life jacket or avoid swimming during certain times of day.

By following these steps, you can enjoy a safe and enjoyable swimming experience in the ocean. Remember to stay aware of your surroundings, practice good swimming technique, and take proper safety precautions to ensure that you stay safe.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the main benefit of the fianchetto in chess openings?
Context: In chess, the fianchetto (English: /ˌfiənˈkɛtoʊ/ or /ˌfiənˈtʃɛtoʊ/; Italian: [fjaŋˈketto] "little flank") is a pattern of development wherein a bishop is developed to the second rank of the adjacent b- or g-file, the knight pawn having been moved one or two squares forward.

The fianchetto is a staple of many "hypermodern" openings, whose philosophy is to delay direct occupation of the centre with the plan of undermining and destroying the opponent's occupied centre. It also regularly occurs in Indian defences. The fianchetto is less common in Open Games (1.e4 e5), but the king bishop is sometimes fianchettoed by Black in the Ruy Lopez or by White in an uncommon variation of the Vienna Game.

One of the major benefits of the fianchetto is that it often allows the fianchettoed bishop to become more active. A fianchettoed position, however, also presents some opportunities for the opponent: if the fianchettoed bishop can be exchanged, the squares the bishop was formerly protecting will become weak (see hole) and can form the basis of an attack (particularly if the fianchetto was performed on the kingside). Exchanging the fianchettoed bishop should not be done lightly, therefore, especially if the enemy bishop on same-coloured squares is still on the board.
Response: The fianchetto follows the "hypermodern" opening philosophy. It lets a bishop become more active from the flanks, attacking the center of the board without directly occupying it.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the United States, what type of degree is typically earned before starting graduate school?
Response: A Bachelors degree is earned before commencing grad school
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is CAPTCHA?
Response: CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is a type of challenge-response test used in computing to determine whether the user is human.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some fun and inexpensive things to do with kids during the summer?
Response: Here are a few ideas for things to do with kids to do with kids in the summer that are inexpensive:
1. Go for a picnic
2. Go for a bike ride
3. Go for a hike
4. Go swimming in a pool or a lake. But do take necessary precautions and be safe.
5. Camping
6. Go to a water park.
7. Go to a park or a splash pad
There are many such things that are inexpensive or even free that one could do with kids during the summer.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Which cities should a perfect trip to Germany include.
Response: The perfect trip to Germany includes three major cities. If you plan to travel to Germany via plane, it is best to fly into either Berlin, Munich, or Frankfurt airport. These are the biggest airports in the country. From there, you can either travel around by high-speed train or you can take a car and drive on the famous German 'Autobahn.' If you want to experience driving without a speed limit, I would recommend the latter. A perfect trip to Germany must include visiting Munich, Berlin, and Hamburg. All three cities are amongst the largest cities and Germany, with over 1 million people living there, but have each unique cultural as well as historical characteristics. Berlin's present is still influenced by its division into East and West Berlin during the cold war. The city with its two centers is a world city of culture, politics, media, and science. Berlin offers great nightlife, world-class museums, and a lot of sights of historic relevance. Hamburg is known for its port, playing a historic role in trade as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League. The city lies on the River Elbe, and its many canals are crossed by around 2,500 bridges, making it the city with the highest number of bridges in Europe. Munich is the last city you must include on your trip. The city is the largest city in the German state of Bavaria and is well known for its world famous October Fest. Munich is often ranked as one of the most liveable cities in Germany, and attracts visitors with its food culture, parks, and is proximity to the German Alps.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: here is a blurb about byte pair encoding for encryption, what benefits does this concept have besides compression?
Context: Byte pair encoding (BPE) or digram coding is a simple and robust form of data compression in which the most common pair of contiguous bytes of data in a sequence are replaced with a byte that does not occur within the sequence. A lookup table of the replacements is required to rebuild the original data. The algorithm was first described publicly by Philip Gage in a February 1994 article "A New Algorithm for Data Compression" in the C Users Journal.

A variant of the technique has shown to be useful in several natural language processing (NLP) domains, for applications such as tokenisation, as seen in Google's SentencePiece and OpenAI's GPT-3. Here, the goal is not data compression, but tokenisation of text in a given language to produce a variable sequence of terms from a fixed-size vocabulary of tokens. Typically, most words will be encoded as a single token, while rare words will be encoded as a sequence of a few tokens, where these tokens represent meaningful word parts. This translation of text into tokens can be found by variants of byte pair encoding, such as subword units.

Byte pair encoding lends itself to NLP tasks due to its simplicity and speed; BPE is suitably effective for the tokenisation of terms, does not require large computational overheads, and remains consistent, making it reliable.
Response: An alternate use for byte pair encoding besides compression would be tokenization.  Tokenization can be used in Natural Language Processing to encode tokens of words for simplicity and speed in NLP tasks.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the best hairstyles for a round face?
Response: Long hair, angled cut, beach waves
Category: open_qa
Instruction: is a career in public accounting a good way to go
Response: yes
Category: general_qa
Instruction: If you are considering buying a bicycle consider your budget, look up the reviews online, talk to friends, and test them out!
Response: When considering what bicycle you would like to buy, I strongly encourage you to test them out! Then take into consideration color, type, durability, comfort, cost and reviews.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was invented by Dr Albert Southwick in 1881
Response: Electric chair
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is a pomegranate known as a hand grenade?
Response: When pomegranates become overripe, they will literally burst on the tree, like a grenade. In Spanish, they are known as granadas for this reason.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the population of St. Paul?
Context: St. Paul is a town in Russell and Wise counties in the U.S. state of Virginia.  The population was 970 at the 2010 census.  Virginia City Hybrid Energy Center, which powers 150,000 homes, is located in St. Paul.The St. Paul Historic District and Virginia City Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 1.0 square miles (2.6 km2), of which, 1.0 square miles (2.5 km2) of it is land and 0.04 square miles (0.1 km2) of it (3.92%) is water.As of the census of 2000, there were 1,000 people, 464 households, and 302 families living in the town. The population density was 1,023.2 people per square mile (394.0/km2). There were 496 housing units at an average density of 507.5 per square mile (195.4/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 95.70% White, 1.80% African American, 0.60% Native American, 0.50% Asian, 0.10% from other races, and 1.30% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.50% of the population.There were 464 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.5% were married couples living together, 12.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.9% were non-families. 33.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.72.In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.6% under the age of 18, 9.7% from 18 to 24, 24.1% from 25 to 44, 25.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females, there were 82.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 81.1 males.The median income for a household in the town was $24,833, and the median income for a family was $39,125. Males had a median income of $31,563 versus $25,313 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,735. About 15.1% of families and 19.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under age 18 and 15.2% of those age 65 or over.St. Paul is home to one public school, St. Paul Elementary School. The school features unique programs such as the Wetlands Estonoa Project.Clinch RiverMatthews ParkOxbow LakeSugar Hill Loop TrailWetlands Estonoa and the Wetlands Estonoa ProjectSpearhead TrailRidge Runner CampgroundRailroad MuseumClinch River DaysFourth of July CelebrationSt. Paul is home to an online newspaper, the Clinch Valley Times.Steven Jason Williams, also known as Boogie2988  (born July 24, 1974), a YouTuber, video blogger and comedian, is originally from St. Paul.St. Paul Official Website
Response: The population of St. Paul as of the 2020 census was 1000. There were 646 households, out of which 28.7% had children under the age of 18. St. Paul is a town in Russell and Wise counties in the U.S. state of Virginia.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: which country surrounds India?
Response: India shares borders with many countries like China, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Burma. India is also surrounded by the Bay of Bengal, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some creative inspirations for a beginner photographer?
Response: First and foremost, change the scenery. Travel to a new city. Take a walk in a new neighborhood. Adventure into the nature. A fresh sight to behold may inspire you in ways you never thought would be possible.

Second, vary the lighting conditions. Revisit your familiar photo spots at different hours - during the sunrise, sunset, at noon, in pitch darkness and of course, during the golden hours when the world around you embraces that warm glow.

Third, limit your gear options. Do you love zoom lenses? Try committing to a single prime lens for your next photo walk. Try out a super-telephoto lens for a landscape shot. Use a wide angle lens for a portrait photo. Limiting your gear options will force you to worry less about which lens to use and think more about getting the shot with the unique constraints you have.

Fourth, take some time to look around with your eyes before looking through the viewfinder. Take a look at the scenery. Imagine - without looking - how your lens will render the scene. Think ahead about the depth of field you want, think about the composition ahead.

Last but not the least, try out different types of photography. Try a hike to a scenic location for a great landscape shot,. Take photos of people, especially your loved ones. Try to photograph wildlife and birds. Take your camera to the city street and snap away the city scapes and the people. Try indoor photography if you haven't. Experiment with artificial lighting and flashes.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference text about Nintendo, when was it founded?
Context: Nintendo was founded in 1889 as Nintendo Karuta by craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi and originally produced handmade hanafuda playing cards. After venturing into various lines of business during the 1960s and acquiring a legal status as a public company, Nintendo distributed its first console, the Color TV-Game, in 1977. It gained international recognition with the release of Donkey Kong in 1981 and the Nintendo Entertainment System and Super Mario Bros. in 1985.
Response: 1889
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which one does not fit with the group:  Blue, Green, White, Yellow
Response: All except White are colors of the rainbow.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is email?
Response: Email is form of electronic communication that is distributed between computers over closed and open networks.  The internet is the most common network that is used for email communication.  Email services that are very popular are gmail, outook, protonmail, and yahoo mail.  Major fortune 500 companies all use email communication in one form or another to help their companies and people all be more productive and deliver results faster.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: Toledo (Latin: Toletum) is mentioned by the Roman historian Livy (ca. 59 BCE – 17 CE) as urbs parva, sed loco munita ("a small city, but fortified by location"). Roman general Marcus Fulvius Nobilior fought a battle near the city in 193 BCE against a confederation of Celtic tribes; defeating them and capturing a king called Hilermus. At that time, Toletum was a city of the Carpetani tribe, and part of the region of Carpetania. It was incorporated into the Roman Empire as a civitas stipendiaria, (a tributary city of non-citizens) and later a municipium. With this status, city officials obtained Roman citizenship for public service, and the forms of Roman law and politics were increasingly adopted. At approximately this time, a Roman circus, city walls, public baths, and a municipal water supply and storage system were constructed in Toletum.
Response: • Livy
• Marcus Fulvius Nobilior
• Hilermus
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the below natural satellites based on the whether they are moon of Mars or Jupiter. 
Phobos, Deimos, Europa, Ganymede
Response: Mars - Phobos, Deimos
Jupiter - Europa, Ganymede
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize the companies based on their ownership status as private or public.
Twitter, SpaceX, Tesla
Response: Private held : Twitter, SpaceX
Public : Tesla
Category: summarization
Instruction: Using the given text, summarize the main features of the Fender Stratocaster
Context: The guitar introduced into the popular market several features that were innovative for electric guitars in the mid-1950s. The distinctive body shape, which has become commonplace among electric guitars, was revolutionary for the time period, and for the first time a mass-market electric guitar did not significantly resemble earlier acoustic models. The double cutaway, elongated horns, and heavily contoured back were all designed for better balance and comfort to play while standing up and slung off the shoulder with a strap. The three-pickup design offered players increased versatility and choice in tone quality over earlier one- and two-pickup electric guitars, and a responsive and simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate, which marked a significant design improvement over other vibrato systems, such as those manufactured by Bigsby. All of these design elements were popularized and later became an industry standard due to the success of the Stratocaster. The Fender Stratocaster is one of the most iconic electric guitar models of all time.
Response: The Fender Stratocaster is an electric guiar model introduced in the 1950s. Some of its main design features were part of its revolutionary body shape. For the first time, an electric guitar didn't look like an acoustic counterpart. The double cutaway, long horns, three-pickup and a simplified vibrato arm integrated into the bridge plate are some of the features of the Fender Stratocaster. All of these features, with some variations, became standard in the design of electric guitars.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top largest economies in the world?
Response: The United States
China
Japan
Germany
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How many Children Trump has?
Context: In 1977, Trump married Czech model Ivana Zelníčková. They had three children: Donald Jr. (born 1977), Ivanka (born 1981), and Eric (born 1984). Ivana became a naturalized United States citizen in 1988. The couple divorced in 1990, following Trump's affair with actress Marla Maples. Trump and Maples married in 1993 and divorced in 1999. They have one daughter, Tiffany (born 1993), who was raised by Marla in California. In 2005, Trump married Slovenian model Melania Knauss. They have one son, Barron (born 2006). Melania gained U.S. citizenship in 2006.
Response: From his marriages he has 5 children from three marriages.
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize where each of these household items belong: bed, couch, desk
Response: A bed belongs in a bedroom, a couch belongs in a living area, a desk belongs in an office
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Can AI fully replace software engineer job?
Response: AI can generate software code for a well described model. The general code may need software engineers to validate and evaluate it. It can help speed up software development, but for some complex product, it still needs software engineers to divide the development to many small modules and well define each module before AI can generate the software code for it. AI is a good tool to help software engineers, but it can't fully replace software engineer jobs
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the locations where McEwan lived as a child and list them using bullets.
Context: McEwan was born in Aldershot, Hampshire, on 21 June 1948, the son of David McEwan and Rose Lilian Violet (née Moore). His father was a working-class Scotsman who had worked his way up through the army to the rank of major.

McEwan spent much of his childhood in East Asia (including Singapore), Germany, and north Africa (including Libya), where his father was posted. His family returned to England when he was 12 years old. He was educated at Woolverstone Hall School in Suffolk; the University of Sussex, where he received a degree in English literature in 1970; and the University of East Anglia, where he undertook a master's degree in literature (with the option to submit creative writing instead of a critical dissertation).
Response: -Aldershot, Hampshire
-East Asia (including Singapore)
-Germany
-North Africa (including Libya)
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are currently considered gender neutral names: Jaime, River, Mary, Charlie, Jessie, Rene, John, Maggie, Liam
Response: Jaime, River, Charlie, Rene
Category: classification
Instruction: In my upcoming trip across Europe I'm planning to visit the following countries: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Greece. Are all of them part of the Schengen area?
Response: Most of them are, but not all. Romania and Bulgaria are the two exceptions.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Jokic or Embiid for the MVP?
Response: I would give the MVP award to Nikola Jokic.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways I could commute in to my office in downtown?
Response: If you are located in a city you may have many commute options. You could use public transportation like a light rail or bus, ride your bike, or drive a car. If you have coworkers who live near you, you could consider carpooling.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Tell me about the first commercial winery in California.
Response: The first commercial winery in California was founded in 1857 by Hungarian-American Agoston Haraszthy who is referred to as the "Father of California Wine" (this moniker also is applied to Spanish Jesuit missionary, Father Junípero Serra). 

Haraszthy opened Buena Vista Winery in Sonoma. By 1859, the winery was producing two million gallons of wine a year and one of its most popular products was sparkling wine. 

The winery faced numerous troubles over the years, such as bankruptcy, a devastating infestation of Grape phylloxera, and Prohibition. The winery was acquired at auction and original vines replanted and reopened in the 1940s. In 1984, the winery estate expanded an additional 1,000 acres after it was purchased by a West German company. The winery continued to change hands and is now under the ownership of Jean-Charles Boisset, who operates over two dozen wineries under his wine group, Boisset Collection. 

The winery still sits on its original location and has been added to the US National Register of Historic Places and the list of California Historical Landmarks.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Aurochs, Hawksbill Turtle
Response: Hawksbill Turtle is alive, Aurochs is extinct.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who wrote Mahabharata?
Response: According to ancient Indian tradition, Vyasa is the author of Mahabharata who is also a major character in the epic. It is first recited the sage Vaisampayana to the King Janamejaya who was the great-grandson of the Pandavas.  The story is then recited again by a Ugrasrava Sauti to an assembly of sages in Naimisa forest.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph, what is an important function of the London Assembly?
Context: The administration of London is formed of two tiers: a citywide, strategic tier and a local tier. Citywide administration is coordinated by the Greater London Authority (GLA), while local administration is carried out by 33 smaller authorities. The GLA consists of two elected components: the mayor of London, who has executive powers, and the London Assembly, which scrutinises the mayor's decisions and can accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.
Response: A important function of the London Assembly is to scrutinise the mayor's decisions and accept or reject the mayor's budget proposals each year.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the best chain coffee shops in the United States
Response: - Starbucks
- Dunkin Donuts
- Peet's
- Aroma Joe's
- Panera Bread
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the professional football team in Colorado?
Response: The Denver Broncos
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the Shiba Inu
Response: The Shiba Inu is a breed of hunting dog from Japan. A small-to-medium breed, it is the smallest of the six original and distinct spitz breeds of dog native to Japan. Its name literally translates to "brushwood dog", as it is used to flush game.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Zither, Khlui
Response: Zither is string, Khlui is woodwind.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Can a neutral wire in a home electrical circuit give me an electric shock
Response: Ideally the answer would be no. The neutral and the ground are always connected at the main panel. Hence the voltage difference between ground and neutral is only a few volts. However, if a neutral wire in a circuit is unspliced or disconnected, the neutral does get loaded and can give a person a nasty jolt.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When did WWII begin?
Context: World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a global conflict that lasted from 1939 to 1945. The vast majority of the world's countries, including all of the great powers, fought as part of two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. Many participants threw their economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities behind this total war, blurring the distinction between civilian and military resources. Aircraft played a major role, enabling the strategic bombing of population centres and the delivery of the only two nuclear weapons ever used in war.
Response: WWII began in 1939 and lasted until 1945.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a letter to Dear Abby on relationship advice.
Response: Dear Abby,
I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to seek your advice as my relationship with my partner has gotten to an unbearable stage in the last few weeks and is weighing heavy on my mind. We have been together for seventeen years now. We love each other deeply but have been struggling to connect on a deeper level. I want this relationship to work more than anything in the world, but I am unsure where to start. I have tried talking to him about my feelings, but he seems to shrug me off at any attempt. It feels like the rock has set in.I look forward to hearing your thoughts. 
Sincerely,
Mrs. Mavis.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me where you would find each of these in a bathroom or bedroom: sheets, pillows, toilet, shower, sink, bed, bidet
Response: Sheets: Bedroom
Pillows: Bedroom
Toilet: Bathroom
Shower: Bathroom
Sink: Bathroom
Bed: Bedroom
Bidet: Bathroom
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the awards that Bob Sanders gained throughout his career, and put them in a comma-separated list.
Context: Demond "Bob" Sanders (born February 24, 1981) is an American former professional football player who was a safety in the National Football League (NFL) for eight seasons. He played college football for the Iowa Hawkeyes and was drafted by the Indianapolis Colts in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He was named NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007 and also played for the San Diego Chargers in his final season in 2011.

Sanders was nicknamed "The Sandman" because of his hard hits and tackles, and was also called "The Eraser" by former Colts' coach Tony Dungy because of his tendency to erase the mistakes of his teammates. He spent the majority of his career battling injuries, having played more than six games in a single season only twice, in 2005 and 2007.
Response: NFL Defensive Player of the Year in 2007
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What happens when someone throws a phone onto a mattress?
Response: The phone hits the mattress and causes a momentary indent on the mattress. Depending on which part of the phone hits the mattress and the angle as well as speed of the throw, the phone may jump to another spot on the mattress, or it may stay where it first made contact. Regardless, it will likely bounce a few times and then eventually stop moving.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Make a pro and con list for two different options for a first date: dinner and a movie, or a trip to a bowling alley. Give at least 3 pros and cons for each option
Response: Option 1: Dinner and a Movie:
- Pros: Can chat at dinner and then relax during the movie, don't need to think too much, very safe bet
- Cons: Movie could be boring, dinner is expensive, what if my date is a picky eater and doesn't like the restaurant? 
Option 2: Bowling Alley:
- Pros: Lots of opportunities to talk the whole time, no need to worry about picking a bad movie, can focus on the game if the conversation is stilted
- Cons: I'm not very good at bowling, bowling is associated with old people, bowling alley might be crowded and loud, making it hard to hear
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Before Miley Cyrus recorded "Wrecking Ball," it was offered to which singer?
Response: Beyonce.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the measure of electric potential?
Context: Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.
The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts.
Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.
Response: Electric potential is typically measured in volts.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is Star Wars based on a book?
Response: No, the Star Wars universe originated from the film series created by George Lucas beginning with 'Star Wars: A New Hope' in 1977. A number of books have been written based on the films or in the storyline created from them, but the original material was a film.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Cowbell, Crwth
Response: Crwth is string, Cowbell is percussion.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the first ten MacOS (operating system) versions.
Response: 1. Mac OS X 10.0 (Cheetah)
2. Mac OS X 10.1 (Puma)
3. Mac OS X 10.2 (Jaguar)
4. Mac OS X 10.3 (Panther)
5. Mac OS X 10.4 (Tiger)
6. Mac OS X 10.5 (Leopard)
7. Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard)
8. Mac OS X 10.7 (Lion)
9. OS X 10.8 (Mountain Lion)
10. OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize each of these as either liquids or solids.
Response: - Orange juice: liquid
- Gatorade: liquid
- Eye drops: liquid
- Water: liquid
- Peanut butter: solid
- Iphone: solid
- Beer: liquid
- Guitar: solid
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What age should babies be potty trained?
Response: When a baby is ready for potty training depends on several factors.  There is no universal answer or age that a child is ready to be potty trained.  However, some signs that a child is ready to be potty trained are signaling and/or awareness of when a child is or needs to eliminate waste.   Another factor is when the care taker has the time to dedicate to consistent practice of eliminating in a toilet instead of a diaper. Infant potty training also known as elimination communication is the practice of skipping the reliance of the usage of diapers.  In this practice, the caretaker will teach signs to the baby every time the baby eliminates in the toilet (not in a diaper) - the baby will eventually pick up these signs and give cues when they need to go.  Those that subscribe to infant potty training believe that conventional diapers train babies to ignore their natural instincts by removing the discomfort one would normally sense from having wet skin (achieved by chemicals that absorb liquid and wick moisture away from the skin found in many disposable diapers).  While infant potty training takes a lot of upfront attention and discipline, young children can be fully potty trained by 9-16 months of age.  On the other hand, potty training children that have been in diapers are usually potty trained by about 36 months of age.  There are considerable convenience trade offs to both methods.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write an email to the condo HOA as why including a flat rate of water bill into monthly HOA fee is a bad idea
Response: To whom it may concern:

I am a resident at Greenwood community and hereby writing this email proposing to separate flat-rate water bill from monthly HOA fee and make it pro-rated. Here are the reasons:
1. When people don't pay for water bill explicitly, they start to feel it comes for free. Hence, they have no motivation to use water wisely. It leads to waste of water and more subtly, increase of HOA fee in the long-run since it's all running money after all.
2. It's not fair to residents with smaller condos. Although not aways true, small square footage usually means less people and less water usage.
3. People can abuse this policy. I noticed some people run commercial laundry in their condos which make the water usage skyrocket. However, no matter how much they use, they pay a flat rate each month. 

All in all, I propose to change flat rate water bill to pro-rated.

Look forward to your response.

Best,
Resident John Doe
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a calendar?
Response: A calendar is an arrangement of a depiction of time defined by humans.  It is a collection of multiple days that makes up a month with multiple months representing a year of time.  Each day of the week on a calendar is assigned a word to represent the day - Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday and Sunday.  A calendar is used for planning scheduled events in the future, remembering birthdays, and other important dates like tests in school.  A calendar can also be broken down into seasonal months that represent the months that match the weather during any particular time of the year.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a short story about a little girl who befriends a dragon, the dragons magical powers can bring her to a different universe.
Response: Once upon a time there was a little girl who dreamed every day of finding a dragon. This particular Tuesday morning when she was waiting for the bus, she spotted a shiny object on the sidewalk. She leaned down to pick it up and it glimmered in the sunshine. She had never seen such a brilliant treasure, it was the color of the rainbow, and when she looked closer it looked eerily similar to a dragon scale, but she couldn't believe that it was truly a dragon scale because they only existed in the stories she read. She looked around and spotted another shiny scale, like a trail of breadcrumbs leading her to the forest behind her house. She knew that her parents would want her to go to school but her curiosity got the better of her and she started to follow the trail of shiny scales to the forest. She fought her way through the forest until she came upon what looked like a cave that she was sure was not there before. She cautiously entered the cave and and instead of the cave getting darker, it was getting brighter, like a brilliant light was inside the cave. When she turned the corner in the cave, she saw the most beautiful sparkling dragon and could not believe her eyes! She slowly crept toward the dragon, who was watching her closely as she approached. She held out her hand as if to pet the dragon and the dragon sniffed her hand, then rubbed it's head on the bottom of her hand to signal that it wanted to befriend her. She giggled as the dragon purred and rubbed it's shiny body circling around her. The dragon then spoke and asked her if she had ever been to the beyond worlds. The girl shook her head, the dragon blinked her eyes and projected an image onto the cave wall to show one of the beautiful beyond worlds that was filled with dragons. The girl asked if the dragon would take her there, the dragon laughed and nodded, signaling for the girl to jump on it's back. The rush of excitement came over the girl, and she hopped on the dragons back. She held on tight as the dragon started running out of the cave, as the dragon exited the cave a portal opened and it leaped into the portal. The girl closed her eyes, not knowing what would happen next, she finally opened her eyes and gawked with amazement when they arrived in the beyond world, she could not believe what she was seeing, DRAGONS! DRAGONS EVERYWHERE! They were riding over the rainbow, playing in the waterfalls, and the universe was full of beautiful flowers towering as tall as redwood trees. The sky was purple and the world had 10 moons as she glanced up in the sky.......this was going to be a great adventure!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Super Bowl Halftime Show performer was upstaged by a dancing shark?
Response: Katy Perry.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What colors would you use for a futuristic logo?
Response: Colors such as blue, silver, grey and white evoke a feel of futurism and would be well suited to a futuristic logo.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is guitar amp modeling?
Response: Guitar amp modeling is a digital technology for reproducing the sound and feel of playing guitar through physical amplifiers.  This technology may be embodied in a piece of outboard gear, or as a software plugin for a digital audio workstation.  In recent years, guitar amp modeling has advanced to the point of being difficult to discern by ear from the sound of the amplifiers being modeled.  Some brands associated with advanced guitar amp modeling include Line 6, Fractal Audio, and Neural DSP.