fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who is the Chinese Li Xueju
Context: Li Xueju (simplified Chinese: 李学举; traditional Chinese: 李學舉; pinyin: Lǐ Xuéjǔ; born April 1945) is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC.

Born in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee.
Response: Li Xueju born April 1945 is a politician of the People's Republic of China, and the former Minister of Civil Affairs of PRC.

Born in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party in January 1966, and started working in May 1966. In early years, he served in various posts in local commune. In 1975, he was promoted to Secretary of Communist Youth League committee in Siping region of Jilin. 

From 1978, he served as vice section chief, vice director and later, director of organization department of CYL central committee. From 1984 to 1986, he studied at CCP Central Party School. In 1986, he was appointed as the director of general office of CYL central committee. He was a member of 10th CYL central committee, and a standing member of 11th and 12th CYL central committee.
Category: classification
Instruction: Map the following models sold in the UK to either the Ford or Vauxhall brands: Escort, Cavalier, Nova, Ka
Response: The Ka and Escort models were sold by Ford, and Cavalier and Nova were Vauxhall models.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the winningest coach in Seattle Seahawks history?
Response: Pete Carrol
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What streaming shows are worth binging right now?
Response: First series that comes to mind is the HBO show Succession. This series dives into the dynamic of a family business on a big scale and the power shifts and crazy situations the children of the CEO get themselves into. On a total different viewing experience is Love is Blind on Netflix. This reality show involves an experiment that is trying to determine if Love is Blind. Contestants date in pods, with a with in between them and only can talk to one another and not physically see the other person. Love does come about and so does heart break.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who sang Big Big Deal
Context: "Big Big Deal" is a song by the British singer-songwriter Steve Harley, which was released as his debut, non-album solo single in 1974. The song, which was written and produced by Harley, would be his last release before scoring the UK number one hit "Make Me Smile (Come Up and See Me)" in 1975. "Big Big Deal" also preceded the formation of the second line-up of Harley's band Cockney Rebel.
Response: Big Big Deal is a song by the British singer-songwriter Steve Harley, which was released as his debut, non-album solo single in 1974.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List 7 exotic fruits that I should try.
Response: 1. Dragon fruit
2. Passion fruit 
3. Cherimoya
4. Soursop
5. Star fruit
6. Papaya
7. Mangosteen
Category: classification
Instruction: When rollerblading which of the following items will protect you from injury and which will not: Helmet, a baseball cap, sunglasses, knee pads, backpack, headphones, and elbow pads?
Response: A helmet, knee pads, and elbow pads will protect you from injury, while a baseball cap, sunglasses, backpack, and headphones will not.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the oldest civilization in the world?
Response: The oldest civilization in the world is the Mesopotamia civilization which lasted between 4000 - 3500 BC
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List the number of warehouses Costco has. Segregate based on location in a descending order. Use the format ‘ Number of warehouse : Location’.
Context: Costco Wholesale Corporation (doing business as Costco Wholesale and also known simply as Costco) is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only big-box retail stores (warehouse club). As of 2022, Costco is the fifth largest retailer in the world  and is the world's largest retailer of choice and prime beef, organic foods, rotisserie chicken, and wine as of 2016. Costco is ranked #11 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.

Costco's worldwide headquarters are in Issaquah, Washington, an eastern suburb of Seattle, although its Kirkland Signature house label bears the name of its former location in Kirkland. The company opened its first warehouse (the chain's term for its retail outlets) in Seattle in 1983. Through mergers, however, Costco's corporate history dates back to 1976, when its former competitor Price Club was founded in San Diego, California. As of February 2023, Costco has 848 warehouses worldwide: 584 in the United States, 107 in Canada, 40 in Mexico, 31 in Japan, 29 in the United Kingdom, 18 in South Korea, 14 in Taiwan, 14 in Australia, four in Spain, two each in France and China, and one each in Iceland, New Zealand and Sweden.
Response: 584 : United States
107 : Canada, 
40 : Mexico, 
31 : Japan, 
29 : the United Kingdom
18 : South Korea, 
14 : Taiwan, 
14 : Australia, 
4 : Spain, 
2 : France
2 : China
1 : Iceland
1 : New Zealand
1 : Sweden
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What makes the world go around?
Response: Some say money makes the world go around, others say it is love. It has even been suggested that music is the fuel that makes the world go around. These explanations are however based on human spirituality and needs. As far as other living creatures are concerned, the drive to survive is what makes the world go around. In reality the world physically started going around itself, rotating around its axis, because of the way it was formed.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Marina Vishmidt
Context: Marina Vishmidt (born 1976) is an American writer, editor and critic. She lectures at the Centre for Cultural Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London in the MA program Culture Industry, and teaches Art Theory in the MA Art Praxis at the Dutch Art Institute in Arnhem. Her research mainly concerns the relationship between art, value and labour. She further explores this through works on debt, social reproduction and artistic entrepreneurialism. In 2013, she completed her PhD entitled 'Speculation as a Mode of Production in Art and Capital' at the Queen Mary University of London.
Response: Marina Vishmidt (born 1976) is an American writer, editor and critic. She lectures at the Centre for Cultural Studies at Goldsmiths, University of London in the MA program Culture Industry, and teaches Art Theory in the MA Art Praxis at the Dutch Art Institute in Arnhem. Her research mainly concerns the relationship between art, value and labour.

She further explores this through works on debt, social reproduction and artistic entrepreneurialism. In 2013, she completed her PhD entitled 'Speculation as a Mode of Production in Art and Capital' at the Queen Mary University of London.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What hit song that was used in the Bollywood movie Don actually a reject from an earlier movie.
Response: The song 'Khaike Pan Banarasi Wala' was actually written for the movie Banarasi Babu for Dev Anand.  However Dev Anand did not use it in his movie.  So it was picturized on Amitabh Bacchan in the movie Don.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are flowers: roses, peonies, worms, carnations, tulips, dirt, lavender, and sunflowers?
Response: Roses, peonies, carnations, tulips, lavender, and sunflowers are flowers. Worms and dirt are not flowers.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What type of creatures undergo Metamorphosis?
Context: Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation. Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis, which is often accompanied by a change of nutrition source or behavior. Animals can be divided into species that undergo complete metamorphosis ("holometaboly"), incomplete metamorphosis ("hemimetaboly"), or no metamorphosis ("ametaboly").
Response: Some insects, fish, amphibians, mollusks, crustaceans, cnidarians, echinoderms, and tunicates undergo metamorphosis
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What does the idiom burning your bridges mean?
Response: The idiom burning your bridges means do not do something that you may regret later. It is commonly used in the scenario when someone is quitting a job. If someone is quitting a job, someone else may say to that person 'Quit your job professionally and respectfully! Don't burn your bridges!'. Someone who burns their bridges risks that the people they worked with may never give them a positive professional reference nor want to hire them in a future opportunity.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many provinces are in Canada?
Response: Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories. The most populous provinces are Ontario, Quebec, and British Columbia.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Create a checklist to move from a 3 bedroom apartment to a 5 bedroom home
Response: 1. Declutter first
2. Pack one room at a time and label the boxes
3. Mark Breakables
4. Create a first aid box
5. Create an essentials box
6. Move boxes into the respective rooms 
7. Unpack
8. Re-arrange
9. Trash packaging and donate boxes
Category: summarization
Instruction: In which regions has Starbucks come under scrutiny?
Context: Starbucks, an American coffee company and coffeehouse chain, has been the subject of multiple controversies. Public and employee criticism against the company has come from around the world, including a wide range issues from tax avoidance in Europe, anti-competitive practices in the United States, human rights issues in multiple countries, and labor issues involving union busting, questions about pay equity, and ethics in partnerships in Africa.
Response: Criticism of Starbucks has been noted in Europe, the United States, as well as Africa.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Plan for a three day road trip for May long weekend from Westfield, New Jersey
Response: May 26: Drive to Montreal from Westfield, NJ. Time taken  6 hrs. Stay there overnight
May 27:  have a quick breakfast..checkout and drive to Mount Tremblant. Time: 90 minutes
May 27: Hike Grand Brule ( red path) on the way up and green path on the way down
May 27: Stroll around the Tremblant village
May 28: Drive to Quebec City. Time taken: 4 hrs
May 28: Explore the city, aquarium and go for wildlife watching
May 29: Drive to Montreal. Spend time exploring the city
May 30: Drive back to Westfield, New Jersey
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Which countries are the freest?
Response: It depends. Different people may have different points of view, and also can give more or less value to different things that can imply some level of "freedom". There are many different indexes that sometimes are used for measuring the freedom degree of the world's nations, e.g:

- The Index of Economic Freedom is a well known index, created by The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal in 1995, that measures economic freedom based on 12 different aspects. It is updated every year.
- The Human Freedom Index is developed by the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank in the United States. It is a global ranking that uses ranks countries according to their levels of personal, civil and economic freedom.

In any case, it depends on what do you understand by "freedom", and also what you want to compare among the different countries.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Give me Personal finance advice
Response: Live within your means. 
Save and Invest 
Avoid credit cards
Avoid any financial product that you don't understand
Do research before making a large purchase
Read financial books and blogs to get educated on personal finance
Home ownership generally is worth more in the long run
Ensure you have sufficient insurance to cover unexpected major catastrophes
Category: general_qa
Instruction: In SQL, how can I filter table rows based on a column condition?
Response: SELECT <columns> FROM <table> WHERE <column> == <condition>
Category: general_qa
Instruction: what are the components of modern computers?
Response: a modern computer consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) in the form of a microprocessor, along with some type of computer memory, typically semiconductor memory chips. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logical operations, and a sequencing and control unit can change the order of operations in response to stored information. Peripheral devices include input devices (keyboards, mice, joystick, etc.), output devices (monitor screens, printers, etc.), and input/output devices that perform both functions (e.g., the 2000s-era touchscreen). Peripheral devices allow information to be retrieved from an external source and they enable the result of operations to be saved and retrieved.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the JDK?
Response: The JDK is a development environment for building applications using the Java programming language. The JDK includes tools useful for developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language and running on the Java platform.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which companies continue to make computers today: Lenovo, Apple, Tandy, Compaq, Digital, HP, Dell, Gateway.
Response: The following companies continue to make computers today: Lenovo, Apple, HP, Dell.

Please note that Compaq was acquired by HP and its computers were subsequently rebranded as HP.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why is November 14 celebrated as world diabetes day?
Response: Sir Frederick Banting who discovered Insulin in 1922 was born on November 14 which is why November 14 is celebrated as world diabetes day
Category: open_qa
Instruction: why did Syd Barrett left the Pink Floyd?
Response: Syd Barrett was one of the main members of the Pink Floyd. He has used drugs a lot and after a while he was not able to perform with the team. Even though the band gave him multiple chances, he could not keep up with the band. In the end, they had to ask him to leave the band. The main reason that he has left the team is his health problems and addiction to drugs.
Category: summarization
Instruction: In Frank Herbert's Dune novel, why is the spice valuable?
Context: Sandworms are colossal, worm-like creatures that live on the desert planet Arrakis. The sandworms' larvae produce a drug called melange (known colloquially as "the spice"), the most essential and valuable commodity in the universe because it makes safe and accurate interstellar travel possible. Melange deposits are found in the sand seas of Arrakis, where the sandworms live and hunt, and harvesting the spice from the sand is a dangerous activity because sandworms are aggressive and territorial. Harvesting vehicles must be airlifted in and out of the sand sea in order to evade sandworm attacks. The struggle over the production and supply of melange is a central theme of the Dune saga.
Response: The spice is valuable because it is a scarce resource that is crucial to interstellar travel. The spice is scarce because it can be found only on planet Arrakis, and its extraction is difficult due to the presence of sandorms.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: I need to buy a Vinyl record for my friend's birthday. What are some suggestions of classic vinyl records.
Response: Here are some classic records that are very popular on Vinyl: Fleetwood Mac - Rumours, Pink Floyd - Dark Side of the Moon, Daft Punk - Random Access Memories, Radiohead - OK Computer, Sgt Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band - The Beatles
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following items as being found in a gym or a bar: Dumbbells, Tequila, Vodka, Barbells, Basketball Court, Beer, Sauna, Locker Room
Response: Dumbbells: Gym
Tequila: Bar
Vodka: Bar
Barbells: Gym 
Basketball Court: Gym 
Beer: Bar 
Sauna: Gym
Locker Room: Gym
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of environment conscious clothing brands.
Response: 1. Patagonia
2. Harvest & Mill
3. Armedangels
4. Honest Basics
5. LangerChen
6. Vaude
7. Organic Basics
8. Eileen Fisher
9. Everlane
10. Nudie Jeans
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name a few famous Dutch artists, and the respective movements for which they are known.
Response: 1. Rembrandt - Baroque, or the Dutch Golden Age. Known for his masterful use of light and shadow, and his expressive portraits.

2. Vermeer - Baroque, or the Dutch Golden Age. Known for the interplay of colors and light, and his depictions of ordinary domestic scenes.

3. Van Gogh - Post-Impression. Known for his vibrant and bold colors, and emotional portraits of daily life.

4. Mondrian - De Stijl. A pioneer of the De Stijl movement, which is known for its strict use of geometry and colors, he is well known for his abstract grid paintings.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please summarize the history of the development of Roche Percee based on this article
Context: In 1872 the Boundary Commission travelled through this area while surveying the border between Canada and the United States. During the 1874 March West trek of the North-West Mounted Police, the force established its first camp (called Short Creek Camp) at this location. The community began being served by the Soo Line in 1893, permitting the coal mines in the region to become operational. Roche Percée incorporated as a village on January 12, 1909.
Response: Roche Percee was originally explored in 1872 by the Boundary Commission before a small camp was built in the area in 1874 by the North-West Mounted Police. The area then grew further after the establishment of the Soo Line train, with coal mining helping to grow the area. Eventually, Roche Percee was finally incorporated in the beginning of 1909.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a planet, a star, or a galaxy:  Mercury, Venus, Polaris, Earth, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Milky Way, Andromeda, Saturn, Virgo A, Maffei 1, Uranus, Neptune, Sirius, Vega.
Response: Stars: Sun, Polaris, Sirius, Vega

Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune

Galaxies: Milky Way, Andromeda, Virgo A, Maffei 1
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What is better a mac or a PC?
Response: It depends on user preferences. Generally, a Mac is considered easier than a PC, but a Mac is typically more expensive.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: In what year did Apple debut the 'Mac Operating System'?
Context: In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the ""Classic"" Mac OS with its release of the original Macintosh System Software. The system, rebranded ""Mac OS"" in 1997, was pre-installed on every Macintosh until 2002 and offered on Macintosh clones for a short time in the 1990s. Noted for its ease of use, it was also criticized for its lack of modern technologies compared to its competitors.

The current Mac operating system is macOS, originally named ""Mac OS X"" until 2012 and then ""OS X" until 2016. Developed between 1997 and 2001 after Apple's purchase of NeXT, Mac OS X brought an entirely new architecture based on NeXTSTEP, a Unix system, that eliminated many of the technical challenges that the classic Mac OS faced. The current macOS is pre-installed with every Mac and receives a major update annually. It is the basis of Apple's current system software for its other devices – iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, and tvOS.
Response: In 1984, Apple debuted the operating system that is now known as the "Classic" Mac OS
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: The magazine was part of Mondadori and was based in Milan. Its first editor was Alberto Mondadori who was succeeded in the post by Enzo Biagi in 1953. During the period until 1960 when Enzo Biagi edited Epoca the magazine covered current affairs news, social attitudes as well as TV news. The magazine also included frequent and detailed articles about Hollywood stars of the period and Italian movie stars such as Gina Lollobrigida. The weekly had offices in New York City, Paris and Tokyo. From June 1952 to the late 1958 the Cuban-Italian writer Alba de Céspedes wrote an agony column, called Dalla parte di lei, in the magazine.
Response: • Enzo Biagi
• Alberto Mondadori
• Gina Lollobrigida
• Alba de Céspedes
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What movies won best picture Oscars the last 5 years
Response: 2023 Everything Everywhere All at Once
2022 CODA
2021 Nomadland 
2020 Parasite
2019 Green Book
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How long will it take me to train for a marathon?
Response: It depends on your goals! Many runners training to finish a marathon can do so with only 12 weeks of training, but if you are aiming for a PR or to qualify for the Boston Marathon, you'll likely need a longer training plan. Most runners who qualify for Boston run between 50 and 80 miles a week, which can take anywhere from 10 to 15 hours a week.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: UNESCO Peace Prize 2022 was given to
Response: Angela Merkel(Former German Chancellor)
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Yemen or Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Al Ḩudaydah, Ta‘izz, Basseterre, Sanaa
Response: Yemen - Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Al Ḩudaydah
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is IMAP?
Response: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a standard email retrieval protocol. It stores email messages on a mail server and enables the recipient to view and manipulate them as though they were stored locally on their device.
Category: summarization
Instruction: How was Liberum Veto mis-used?
Context: The liberum veto (Latin for "free veto") was a parliamentary device in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was a form of unanimity voting rule that allowed any member of the Sejm (legislature) to force an immediate end to the current session and to nullify any legislation that had already been passed at the session by shouting either Sisto activitatem! (Latin: "I stop the activity!") or Nie pozwalam! (Polish: "I do not allow!"). The rule was in place from the mid-17th century to the late 18th century in the Sejm's parliamentary deliberations. It was based on the premise that since all Polish noblemen were equal, every measure that came before the Sejm had to be passed unanimously. The liberum veto was a key part of the political system of the Commonwealth, strengthening democratic elements and checking royal power and went against the European-wide trend of having a strong executive (absolute monarchy).

Many historians hold that the liberum veto was a major cause of the deterioration of the Commonwealth political system, particularly in the 18th century, when foreign powers bribed Sejm members to paralyze its proceedings, and the Commonwealth's eventual destruction in the partitions of Poland and foreign occupation, dominance and manipulation of Poland. Piotr Stefan Wandycz wrote that the "liberum veto had become the sinister symbol of old Polish anarchy". In the period of 1573–1763, about 150 sejms were held, about a third failing to pass any legislation, mostly because of the liberum veto. The expression Polish parliament in many European languages originated from the apparent paralysis.
Response: With Liberum veto,  it was only possible to pass any legislation with unanimous consent. So one member of parliament to stop any legislation. Adversaries would often influence or bribe just one member of Parliament to derail a legislation.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who opens episodes of The FBI Files with an introductory narration?
Response: James Kallstrom, former head of the FBI New York office.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as an electric or gas vehicle: Tesla Model Y, Kia Telluride, Lexus IS250, Mustang Mach-e, Chevy Bolt, Toyota Rav4
Response: Tesla Model Y: Electric Vehicle
Kia Telluride: Gas Vehicle
Lexus IS250: Gas Vehicle
Mustang Mach-e: Electric Vehicle
Chevy Bolt: Electric Vehicle
Toyota Rav4: Gas Vehicle
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of 3 good ways to gain weight.
Response: Here is a list of 3 good ways to gain weight:
1. Eat more food, especially highly processed foods and foods high in sugars 
2. Don't exercise, sit and do nothing for as long as you can
3. Drink sugary drinks for extra calories
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Based on the following paragraph, list the weather conditions associated with summer around the world.
Context: Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.
In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.
Response: 1. Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. 
2. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather. 
3. In Eastern Asia because of the monsoon, it is associated with rainy weather.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: In which country is the town of Kirchenlamitz located?
Context: Kirchenlamitz is a town in the district of Wunsiedel, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated in the Fichtelgebirge, 13 km northwest of Wunsiedel and 19 km south of Hof.
Response: Germany
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify these vegetables based on their color.
mushroom, spinach, cauliflower, broccoli
Response: White - cauliflower, mushroom
Green - broccoli, spinach
Category: classification
Instruction: I'm confused if I should join a data science bootcamp or do an online course. The following are some reasons. Can you segregate based on the choice I have to make?

easier to drop out if you dont like it
hands on learning
group discussions
option to do multiple courses
access to mentors
detailed deep dive into multiple topics
lesser time investment
networking opportunities
financially feasible
Response: In favour of data science bootcamp:
detailed deep dive into multiple topics
access to mentors
networking opportunities
hands on learning
group discussions

In favour of online course:
financially feasible
easier to drop out if you dont like it
lesser time investment
option to do multiple courses
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Maurice Micklewhite became famous as who
Response: Michael Caine
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Bolton?
Response: "Our Blades are Sharp"
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is "diglossia"?
Response: Diglossia is when one community uses two different languages or dialects depending on the circumstances e.g. for written things and for casual conversation. A weird (not actual schoolbook) case of that is Swiss German. High German is used for written and formal things while Swiss German is used to speak.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you get your pilot's license?
Response: Learning to fly an airplane is a fun and rewarding endeavor.  There are many different reasons that people decide to pursue getting their pilot's license including the challenge of learning a new skill, having the ability to travel by private plane for business or pleasure, sightseeing, or as a career option.  The process of learning to fly and getting your license requires several steps and usually takes about a year to complete.  The first step is to research local flight schools and potentially do a discovery flight with a flight instructor to see if you enjoy it before committing the time and money.  Should you decide to pursue it, you'll need to find and go to an Aviation Medical Examiner to get checked-out and have a student pilot and medical certificate issued.  Once you've completed that you can begin your training which will include both ground school and flight school.  The next step is to purchase the necessary books, study sufficiently and prepare to take an FAA written exam.  While you're studying, you'll begin your flight training which requires a minimum of 40 hours of flying, however most individuals end-up flying between 60 - 75 hours.  When your instructor feels you're able to demonstrate mastery of all of the required skills and are able to make sound decisions, you'll be ready to take a practical exam with either an FAA examiner or a designated examiner.   Upon successful completion of your test, you'll be issued your pilots license and be ready to take up passengers.  On average, the cost to get your pilot's license ranges from $8,000 to $12,000.  This may sound expensive, but it's worth it to have a skill that you can enjoy for a lifetime.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the defining characteristics of a Ramly Burger?
Context: Aside from producing burger meat and other frozen foods, the company is also known for its street stalls, which have sold the Ramly Burger in every state in Malaysia since 1979. The defining characteristic of a Ramly Burger is the patty itself wrapped in an omelette and topped with several condiments, which may include ketchup, mayonnaise, chili sauce, Worcestershire sauce, and/or Maggi seasoning, depending on the vendor. The term "Ramly Burger" has been used as a genericized trademark for similarly-prepared burgers which are not necessarily made with the Ramly beef patty as well. They are considered a local favourite, especially by city dwellers. It is estimated that there are over 25,000 Ramly Burger stalls nationwide as of 2015, with the monthly average income of about RM 5,000.

The burger (patties) has been banned in Singapore due to the meat coming from sources which are not on the Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore approved list of Commercial Food Imports for Meats which could pose a potential health risk. Singaporean street vendors continue to use the Ramly Burger wrapper.
Response: The defining characteristic of a Ramly burger is that the burger patty is wrapped inside of an omelette and topped with various condiments like maggi seasoning, ketchu, mayonnaise, chili sauce or Worcestershire sauce. It is a local Malaysian favorite but banned in Singapore
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What Is Linux?
Response: The name "Linux" is used to refer to three similar yet slightly different things, which can be confusing to all but the hardcore geek. The three usages vary by how much of a complete software system the speaker is talking about.

At the lowest level, every Linux system is based on the Linux kernel — the very low-level software that manages your computer hardware, multi-tasks the many programs that are running at any given time, and other such essential things. These low-level functions are used by other programs, so their authors can focus on the specific functionality they want to provide. Without the kernel, your computer is a very expensive doorstop. It has all of the features of a modern operating system: true multitasking, threads, virtual memory, shared libraries, demand loading, shared, copy-on-write executables, proper memory management, loadable device driver modules, video frame buffering, and TCP/IP networking.

Most often, the name "Linux" is used to refer to the Linux Operating System. An OS includes the kernel, but also adds various utilities — the kinds of programs you need to get anything done. For example, it includes a shell (the program that provides a command prompt and lets you run programs), a program to copy files, a program to delete files, and many other odds and ends. Some people honor the request of Richard Stallman and the GNU Project, and call the Linux OS GNU/Linux, because a good number of these utility programs were written by the GNU folks.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some of the bravolebrities from Below Deck
Response: Captain Lee Rosbach, Chef Rachel Hargrove, Stew Fraser Olender and former Chief Stew Kate Chastain
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is an Ironman Triathlon?
Response: An Ironman Triathlon is a multi-sport event that consists of a 2.4 mile swim, 112 mile bike ride,  and 26.2 mile run.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the given paragraph extract all the cities that got the rail along with the year in the format {City} - {Year} and show as a bullet list
Context: India's first passenger train, operated by the Great Indian Peninsula Railway and hauled by three steam locomotives (Sahib, Sindh and Sultan), ran for 34 kilometres (21 mi) with 400 people in 14 carriages on 1,676 mm (5 ft 6 in) broad gauge track between Bori Bunder (Mumbai) and Thane on 16 April 1853. The Thane viaducts, India's first railway bridges, were built over the Thane creek when the Mumbai-Thane line was extended to Kalyan in May 1854. Eastern India's first passenger train ran 39 km (24 mi) from Howrah, near Kolkata, to Hoogly on 15 August 1854. The first passenger train in South India ran 97 km (60 mi) from Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) to Wallajaroad (Arcot) on 1 July 1856.

On 24 February 1873, a horse-drawn 3.8 km (2.4 mi) tram opened in Calcutta between Sealdah and Armenian Ghat Street. On 9 May 1874, a horse-drawn tramway began operation in Bombay between Colaba and Parel. In 1879, the Nizam's Guaranteed State Railway was established which built several railway lines across the then Hyderabad State with Kachiguda Railway Station serving as its headquarters. In 1897, lighting in passenger coaches was introduced by many railway companies. On 3 February 1925, the first electric passenger train in India ran between Victoria Terminus and Kurla.
Response: Bori Bunder (Mumbai) - 1853
Thane - 1853
Howrah - 1854
Hoogly - 1854
Royapuram-Veyasarapady (Madras) - 1856
Wallajaroad (Arcot) - 1856
Sealdah - 1873
Armenian Ghat Street - 1873
Colaba - 1874
Parel - 1874
Kachiguda - 1879
Victoria Terminus - 1925
Kurla - 1925
Category: classification
Instruction: I would like to build an investment portfolio with a balance of short term and longer term investments. For short term I would like a return on investment within two years. Please tell me which of these investments fall into the short-term bucket and which are longer-term:  10 year Treasury Bonds, Growth Stocks, Bitcoin, Index Funds, Precious Metals, High-yield Savings Accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds, Real Estate.
Response: Short term investment bucket: High-yield savings accounts, 1-2 year Treasury Bonds.
Longer term investment bucket: Longer-term investment: Growth stocks, Index Funds, Real Estate, Precious Metals, Bitcoin, 10 year Treasury bonds.

Note: This classification is for informational purposes only and is not financial advice. Please consult a financial advisor.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is Foreverly?
Context: Foreverly (stylized as foreverly) is a collaborative album by Green Day singer/guitarist Billie Joe Armstrong and jazz/pop singer-songwriter Norah Jones. It was released on November 25, 2013, through Reprise Records.

Foreverly is a collection of traditional songs, and is a reinterpretation of the 1958 album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It is promoted by the lead single "Long Time Gone". A lyric video for the song was released on November 13, 2013, and was followed by the release of a music video for "Silver Haired Daddy of Mine" five days later.

Background
Response: Foreverly is a remake of the album Songs Our Daddy Taught Us by The Everly Brothers. It was released in November 2013 and is a collaboration between Billie Joe Armstrong, of the band Green Day, and Norah Jones.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the New Administrative Capital of Egypt?
Context: The New Administrative Capital (NAC) (Arabic: العاصمة الإدارية الجديدة, romanized: al-ʿĀṣima al-ʾIdārīya al-Gadīda) is a new urban community in Cairo Governorate, Egypt and a satellite of Cairo City. It is planned to be Egypt's new capital and has been under construction since 2015. It was announced by the then Egyptian housing minister Mostafa Madbouly at the Egypt Economic Development Conference on 13 March 2015. The capital city is considered one of the projects for economic development, and is part of a larger initiative called Egypt Vision 2030.
Response: The New Administrative Capital is planned city that will replace Cairo as the capital or Egypt.  Construction has been underway since 2015 and is planned to be ready by 2030.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is The Dark Side of the Moon?
Context: The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by the English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. Developed during live performances before recording began, it was conceived as a concept album that would focus on the pressures faced by the band during their arduous lifestyle, and also deal with the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett, who departed the group in 1968. New material was recorded in two sessions in 1972 and 1973 at EMI Studios (now Abbey Road Studios) in London.
Response: The Dark Side of the Moon is Pink Floyd's 8th studio album. It is about the band's difficult lifestyle and touches on the mental health problems of former band member Syd Barrett.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are considered hobbies: painting, hiking, rock climbing, peapod, bears, horse riding, chess, emails, clogs, board games, button, sewing, water bottle, keyboard, reading, soccer
Response: painting, hiking, rock climbing, horse riding, chess, board games, reading, soccer
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Tell me about the Cincinnati Bengals
Response: The Cincinnati Bengals are in the National Football League (NFL) , and as of 2023, are one of the best teams in the league.  They've made the Super Bowl and the AFC title game in the last 2 years, respectively.  The team is led by the best quarterback in the NFL, Joe Burrow, former #1 overall NFL draft pick and Heisman Trophy winner from Louisiana State University.  The Bengals are expected to win multiple Super Bowls as long as Joe Burrow is the quarterback.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Q: What is an emergency use authorization and how is it being used to respond to COVID-19?
Response: A: An emergency use authorization (EUA) is a mechanism to facilitate the availability and use of medical countermeasures, including vaccines, tests, and medicines, during public health emergencies, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Under an EUA, the FDA may allow the use of unapproved medical products, or unapproved uses of approved medical products in an emergency to diagnose, treat, or prevent serious or life-threatening diseases or conditions when certain statutory criteria have been met, including that there are no adequate, approved, and available alternatives. Taking into consideration input from the FDA, manufacturers decide whether and when to submit an EUA request to the FDA.

Learn more about EUAs in this videoExternal Link Disclaimer
Read more about COVID-19 tests 
Find a community-based testing site
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who composed the 'Moonlight Sonata', and when?
Response: Commonly known as the Moonlight Sonata, the Piano Sonata No. 14 in C-sharp minor "Quasi una fantasia", Op. 27, No. 2, was composed by Ludwig van Beethoven.
The composition was completed in 1801 and dedicated to the Countess Giulietta Guicciardi in 1802. It's one of the most popular musical compositions for the piano.
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize the following lego sets into the appropriate themes.
Themes: City, Creator, Technic, Star Wars, Super Heroes
Sets: Police station, Mobile crane with working arm, The Bat Cave, 3 in 1 deep sea animals, Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission, lunar mission, realistic laptop
Response: Here is a sensible categorization of these sets:
Lego City sets: Police station, lunar mission
Lego Creator sets: 3 in 1 deep sea animals, realistic laptop
Lego Technic sets: Mobile crane with working arm, Aston Martin with 4 speed transmission
Lego Star Wars sets: Obi Wan vs Anakin duel on Mustafar, The Naboo palace, UCS Slave 1
Lego Super Heroes sets: The Bat Cave
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Balafon, Chrotta
Response: Chrotta is string, Balafon is percussion.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Raul Axente Ciupe, tell me what country he is from and what position he played.
Context: Raul Axente Ciupe (born 24 November 1983) is a Romanian former footballer who played as a right back or midfielder for teams such as Sportul Studențesc, Universitatea Cluj or Sănătatea Cluj, among others.

Career
After playing for Gaz Metan Mediaș in Divizia B, Ciupe made his top-flight debut on 31 July 2004 as a Sportul Studențesc player, in a match against Unirea Alba-Iulia.

Playing for the Romania national under-21 football team in a match against Macedonia, he was fouled by Goran Popov and suffered a broken tibia. Minutes earlier, another Macedonian player, Hristijan Kirovski, was sent off after also fouling Ciupe. The right-back completely missed the 2005–2006 season because of the injury.

Ciupe played seven years for Sportul Studențesc before joining FC Brașov in November 2011. In June 2012 he was transferred by his hometown team Universitatea Cluj for whom he managed to score his first goals in Liga I, against Astra Ploiești and the local rivals from CFR Cluj.
Response: Raul Axente Ciupe is from Romania and played right-back.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Bayes theorem
Context: In probability theory and statistics, Bayes' theorem (alternatively Bayes' law or Bayes' rule), named after Thomas Bayes, describes the probability of an event, based on prior knowledge of conditions that might be related to the event. For example, if the risk of developing health problems is known to increase with age, Bayes' theorem allows the risk to an individual of a known age to be assessed more accurately by conditioning it relative to their age, rather than simply assuming that the individual is typical of the population as a whole.

One of the many applications of Bayes' theorem is Bayesian inference, a particular approach to statistical inference. When applied, the probabilities involved in the theorem may have different probability interpretations. With Bayesian probability interpretation, the theorem expresses how a degree of belief, expressed as a probability, should rationally change to account for the availability of related evidence. Bayesian inference is fundamental to Bayesian statistics, being considered by one authority as; "to the theory of probability what Pythagoras's theorem is to geometry."
Response: Bayes theorem is based on conditional probability related to prior knowledge of the event.
Category: classification
Instruction: What genre of music would best represent the Grateful Dead: Americana, Country, psychedelic rock, blue grass, all of the above
Response: Depending on when one begins listening to the Grateful Dead; their music pulls from many genres of music. All of the above would be considered the most accurate.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is the United States Military Academy called West Point?
Response: The United States Military Academy is called West Point because it is on the western point of an S-turn on the Hudson River.  During the American Revolution, the Revolutionary Army stretched an iron chain across the Hudson at this point because British ships would have to slow down to navigate the S-turn, making them susceptible to cannon fire.  The British never tested the chain, and their Naval forces remained separated in Canada and New York.  Due to its success on the western point of the river, the United States Military Academy has been commonly referred to as "West Point," since the military academy became the first training institution for U.S. Army officers in 1802.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the source or cause of the Sun’s light?
Response: Much like other stars the Sun is powered by nuclear reactions. The process of nuclear fusion takes place in the Sun’s core. The intense pressure and temperature at the core causes nuclear fusion - in this case hydrogen atoms fusing to create helium this process releases energy. The energy is emitted as gamma rays which travel slowly from the Sun’s core to the outer region. During the rise to the surface gamma rays collide with electrons degrading in temperature and energy to finally emerge  as visible radiation - this is the light Sun produces.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is an Abacus?
Context: The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting frame, is a calculating tool which has been used since ancient times. It was used in the ancient Near East, Europe, China, and Russia, millennia before the adoption of the Hindu-Arabic numeral system. The exact origin of the abacus has not yet emerged. It consists of rows of movable beads, or similar objects, strung on a wire. They represent digits. One of the two numbers is set up, and the beads are manipulated to perform an operation such as addition, or even a square or cubic root.

In their earliest designs, the rows of beads could be loose on a flat surface or sliding in grooves. Later the beads were made to slide on rods and built into a frame, allowing faster manipulation. Abacuses are still made, often as a bamboo frame with beads sliding on wires. In the ancient world, particularly before the introduction of positional notation, abacuses were a practical calculating tool. The abacus is still used to teach the fundamentals of mathematics to some children, for example, in Russia.
Response: The Abacus is calculating tool using movable beads often made on a bamboo frame