fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about ext3, tell me why its better than ext2 and its successor.
Context: ext3, or third extended filesystem, is a journaled file system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It used to be the default file system for many popular Linux distributions. Stephen Tweedie first revealed that he was working on extending ext2 in Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in a 1998 paper, and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting. The filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward. Its main advantage over ext2 is journaling, which improves reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. Its successor is ext4
Response: ext3 is better than ext2 because of its journaling capabilities, which improve reliability and eliminates the need to check the file system after an unclean shutdown. The successor of ext3 is ext4.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What US state has the most coastline?
Response: Alaska is the state with the largest coastline at approximately 66,000 miles.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which of the following have been known to attack humans: mouse, goldfish,  bears, mugs, cactus, moss, nudibranches, corals, hippos, wolves.
Response: bears, hippos, wolves
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Mauritius fody, tell me what they look like.
Context: The Mauritius fody (Foudia rubra) is a rare species of bird in the weaver family. It is endemic to the island of Mauritius. It is classified by BirdLife International as being endangered. It is also on the United States' Endangered Species List with an endangered status.

This bird is 14 centimeters long. Breeding males are olive brown with a red head, breast and rump patch and black lores. While females, non-breeding males and juveniles are olive brown with white wing bars and a brown bill.

The bird lives in several types of forest, including degraded areas, as well as plantations. Stands of Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) have replaced native vegetation and now provide protection against predators. It feeds on insects like grasshoppers, beetle larvae, caterpillars, and also spiders. Berries are eaten regularly by some individuals. It feeds on nectar regularly, using its specialised brush-tipped tongue.

The bird is a weaver, the male and female cooperating to weave each nest, from material like grass, moss and small twigs.
Response: Male and female Mauritius fody birds have different appearances. Breeding males are olive brown with red heads, breast and rump patches, and black lores. Females and non-breeding males are olive brown with white wing bars and brown bills.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is HTTP?
Response: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a method for encoding and transporting information between a client (such as a web browser) and a web server. HTTP is the primary protocol for transmission of information across the Internet.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is parkrun
Context: Parkrun (stylised as parkrun) is a collection of 5-kilometre (3.1 mi) events for walkers, runners and volunteers that take place every Saturday morning at more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries across six continents. Junior Parkrun (stylised as junior parkrun) is a spin-off event that provides a 2 kilometres (1+1⁄4 mi) event for children aged 4–14 on a Sunday morning. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers, supported by a small group of staff at its headquarters.
Response: Parkrun is a community event that takes place each Saturday morning where entrants walk, jog, or run a 5-kilometre course. Events take place at a range of general locations including parks, forests, rivers, lakes, beaches, and nature reserves. The first ever parkrun event took place on 2 October 2004 in Bushy Park, London involving 13 runners. Today more than 3 million people across more than 2,000 locations in 22 countries participate in parkrun each week. Parkrun events are free to enter and are delivered by volunteers.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What is the best way to store food?
Response: Different food requires different forms of storage. It is important to check the labels for your food and follow the instructions carefully. Non-perishable food in well sealed containers can be stored in the pantry. Perishable food should be sealed and placed in the fridge for short-term storage or freezer for long-term storage.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a short letter to a dear friend who just lost their Mother, only six months after losing their father.  Both of their parents were someone you and your family were also very close with.
Response: There are no words to express our deepest sympathy at the passing of your Mother and our dear friend.  She was the strongest woman with the biggest heart and always treated us as if we were her own.  Her passing leaves a gapping hole in our hearts but know that we find peace knowing she is free from pain and reunited with your father, who we know was waiting to greet her with open arms.  Our childhood was richer because of both of your parents and more memorable because of their love.  We are so sorry that you lost your parents so close together and will forever remember them by their deep faith, their remarkable smiles and their love for everyone that was lucky enough to know them.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do humans like to drink water?
Response: Drinking water satisfies thirst.  Humans need to consume water to stay hydrated.  If someone exercises, they may need to consume more water than the average person.  In general, someone should aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water per day.  This amount, plus any water consumed via fruits and vegetables should be enough to sustain a healthy lifestyle.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some strategies for charity fundraising
Response: Ask for donations or clothes, toys and other bric-a-brac and have a car boot sale. Organise fun nights in - or out - such as karaoke, talent contests and a fancy dress day. Run a raffle - ask friends and family to donate prizes. Organise a charity car wash at work, or at home.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Why is the glass ceiling better for minority women?
Context: A glass ceiling is a metaphor usually applied to women, used to represent an invisible barrier that prevents a given demographic from rising beyond a certain level in a hierarchy. No matter how invisible the glass ceiling is expressed, it is actually a difficult obstacle to overcome. The metaphor was first used by feminists in reference to barriers in the careers of high-achieving women. It was coined by Marilyn Loden during a speech in 1978. In the United States, the concept is sometimes extended to refer to racial inequality in the United States. Minority women in white-majority countries often find the most difficulty in "breaking the glass ceiling" because they lie at the intersection of two historically marginalized groups: women and people of color. East Asian and East Asian American news outlets have coined the term "bamboo ceiling" to refer to the obstacles that all East Asian Americans face in advancing their careers. Similarly, a multitude of barriers that refugees and asylum seekers face in their search for meaningful employment is referred to as canvas ceiling.
Response: Actually, the glass ceiling is considered worse for minority women, not better. This is because they have to face both racial and gender inequalities.
Category: summarization
Instruction: From the given text, suggest some good activities for passing time during summer season.
Context: People generally take advantage of the high temperatures by spending more time outdoors during summer. Activities such as travelling to the beach and picnics occur during the summer months. Sports including cricket, association football (soccer), horse racing, basketball, American football, volleyball, skateboarding, baseball, softball, tennis and golf are played.

Water sports also occur. These include water skiing, wakeboarding, swimming, surfing, tubing and water polo. The modern Olympics have been held during the summer months every four years since 1896. The 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, were held in spring and the 2016 Summer Olympics, in Rio de Janeiro, were held in winter.

In the United States, many television shows made for children are released during the summer, as children are off school.

Conversely, the music and film industries generally experience higher returns during the summer than other times of the year and market their summer hits accordingly. Summer is popular for animated movies to be released theatrically in movie theaters.
Response: 1. During summer season, Outdoor activities such as travelling to beach/picnics are popular.
2. Outdoor games such as Cricket, Soccer, Horse racing, Basketball, American football, Volleyball, Skateboarding, Baseball, Softball, Tennis and Golf are often played in summer season.
3. Water sports such as Water skiing, Wakeboarding, Swimming, Surfing, Tubing and Water polo are also favoured by people in summer months.
4. In United States, children can enjoy watching television as many television shows are released during summer as children are off school.
5. Animated movies are often launched across theatres in summer.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the diameter of eukaryotic ribosomes.
Context: Prokaryotic ribosomes are around 20 nm (200 Å) in diameter and are composed of 65% rRNA and 35% ribosomal proteins. Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter with an rRNA-to-protein ratio that is close to 1. Crystallographic work has shown that there are no ribosomal proteins close to the reaction site for polypeptide synthesis. This suggests that the protein components of ribosomes do not directly participate in peptide bond formation catalysis, but rather that these proteins act as a scaffold that may enhance the ability of rRNA to synthesize protein (See: Ribozyme).
Response: Eukaryotic ribosomes are between 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) in diameter.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Davie School, tell me when it was added to the register of historic places and when it was open and closed..
Context: The Davie School (also known as the Old Davie School) is a historic school in Davie, Florida, USA. It is located at 6650 Griffin Road. It was designed by August Geiger. It opened its doors in 1918 to 90 students, and was in continuous use as a school until 1978. On March 29, 1988, it was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is the oldest extant school building in Broward County.

School building
The architect Geiger was hired by the school board in 1917 and presented them with his plans for the school that September. It is a T-shaped two-story building constructed of concrete with a textured stucco finish. The building has a hip roof with a surrounding parapet. Architectural elements include horseshoe and bell-shaped openings, raised bands of stucco and multiple panel windows.
Response: The Davie School opened in 1918 and closed in 1978. It was added to the U.S. National Register of Historic places on March 29, 1988.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a noun?
Response: Noun can be used that can define a Place, Name, Animal, Thing
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the Mercury Prize winning albums, since 2000
Response: - 'The Hour of Bewilderbeast' by Badly Drawn Boy
- 'Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea' by PJ Harvey
- 'A Little Deeper' by Ms. Dynamite
- 'Boy in da Corner' by Dizzee Rascal
- 'Franz Ferdinand' by Franz Ferdinand
- 'I Am a Bird Now' by Antony and the Johnsons
- 'Whatever People Say I Am, That's What I'm Not' by Arctic Monkeys
- 'Myths of the Near Future' by Klaxons
- 'The Seldom Seen Kid' by Elbow
- 'Speech Therapy' by Speech Debelle
- 'xx' by The xx
- 'Let England Shake' by PJ Harvey
- 'An Awesome Wave' by alt-J
- 'Overgrown' by James Blake
- 'Dead' by Young Fathers
- 'At Least For Now' by Benjamin Clementine
- 'Konnichiwa' by Skepta
- 'Process' by Sampha
- 'Visions of a Life' by Wolf Alice
- 'Psychodrama' by Dave
- 'Kiwanuka' by Michael Kiwanuka
- 'Collapsed in Sunbeams' by Arlo Parks
- 'Sometimes I Might Be Introvert' by Little Simz
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is black tie dress code?
Context: Black tie is a semi-formal Western dress code for evening events, originating in British and American conventions for attire in the 19th century. In British English, the dress code is often referred to synecdochically by its principal element for men, the dinner suit or dinner jacket. In American English, the equivalent term tuxedo (or tux) is common. The dinner suit is a black, midnight blue or white two- or three-piece suit, distinguished by satin or grosgrain jacket lapels and similar stripes along the outseam of the trousers. It is worn with a white dress shirt with standing or turndown collar and link cuffs, a black bow tie, typically an evening waistcoat or a cummerbund, and black patent leather dress shoes or court pumps. Accessories may include a semi-formal homburg, bowler, or boater hat. For women, an evening gown or other fashionable evening attire may be worn.
Response: Black tie is a dress code for events, typically weddings and other formal ceremonies. The dress code roughly translates to a tuxedo or dinner suit for men and an evening gown for women.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How many people died in the Cloquet fire of Illinois according to the text?
Context: The Cloquet fire was an immense forest fire in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918, caused by sparks on the local railroads and dry conditions. The fire left much of western Carlton County devastated, mostly affecting Moose Lake, Cloquet, and Kettle River. Cloquet was hit the hardest by the fires. It was the worst natural disaster in Minnesota history in terms of the number of casualties in a single day. In total, 453 people died and 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered. Thirteen million dollars in federal aid were disbursed.
Response: 453 people died in the Cloquet fire that occurred in northern Minnesota, United States in October 1918.

In addition to the 453 people that died, 52,000 people were injured or displaced, 38 communities were destroyed, 250,000 acres (100,000 ha) were burned, and $73 million ($1.315 billion in 2023 United States dollars) in property damage was suffered.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best bicycle for me?
Response: The best bicycle depends on your goals, experience, budget, and physical characteristics such as height, weight, etc. You should ensure that the bicycle you select fits into those requirements. Once you have an idea of what those requirements are, take a look at options and you should be able to make an informed decision.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Carimbo, Gusle
Response: Carimbo is percussion, Gusle is string.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following people as an actor or athlete: Adam Sandler, Harry Kane, Hugo Lloris, Mike Myers, Tyreek Hill, Ryan Gosling, Joel Embiid
Response: Adam Sandler: Actor
Harry Kane: Athlete
Hugo Lloris: Athlete
Mike Myers: Actor
Tyreek Hill: Athlete
Ryan Gosling: Actor
Joel Embiid: Athlete
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What is the best time to study
Response: Morning. Because your mind will be fresh
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a good investment strategy?
Response: There are two important dimensions to a good investment strategy. The first dimension is diversification: the strategy should cover a broad spectrum of asset classes. It should have mix of stocks, bonds and fixed income assets. Within each of these asset classes, it should have further diversification. Investing into ETF of index funds would provide this diversification. There could be room for aggressive investment for a small portion of the portfolio. The second dimension to the strategy is time based  periodic investment: this allows you to dollar cost average your investments. You buy less when asset values rise, and buy more when they fall.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Will the Penrith Panthers win the NRL Grand Final this year?
Response: While it is very hard to predict the outcome of a future sporting event, all evidence shows that the Penrith Panthers have been very successful in the recent past, winning both the 2021 and 2022 NRL Grand Finals and losing the 2020 NRL Grand Final. Since the introduction of Ivan Cleary as the head coach and his son Nathan Cleary as the star halfback the team have built out a formidable playing group and have been consistently successful. The biggest doubt is the slow start of the 2023 season, with the loss of key playmaker Api Koroisau to the Balmain Tigers and edge forward Villame Kikau to the Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs the team has struggled to find the same form as they had starting the previous three seasons.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How do I make a perfect grilled cheese sandwich?
Response: Step 1. Select a cheese that will melt well. Parmesan, for example, is not ideal for a grilled cheese sandwich. Cheddar, Havarti, and Colby Jack are all cheeses that taste great and will melt.

Step 2. Get two slices of bread, preferably not too thick; typical store-bought sliced bread like sourdough, potato, and white make adequate grilled bread.

Step 3. While you are assembling the sandwich, heat a shallow pan over medium-low heat on your stovetop.

Step 4. Spread some mayonnaise on the inside of each slice of bread. Sprinkle some garlic powder over the mayonnaise -- this gives a little extra flavor that one might not expect from a grilled cheese. 

Step 5. Layer the cheese between the slices of bread. Don't put too much cheese on it, or it will leak out of the sandwich when you cut it!

Step 6. Assemble the sandwich and put a thin layer of mayo on the outside of each slice. 

Step 7. Lay the sandwich inside your heated pan. It should sizzle immediately. Wait two minutes and check to see if the cheese is melting. If the bread is browning too quickly, turn the heat down. When it is adequately browned on one side, use a spatula to flip it over to grill the other side.

Step 8. Once your sandwich is grilled to your liking, turn off the stove and remove your sandwich from the pan. Slice diagonally and serve with a bowl of hot tomato soup. Enjoy!
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do people like to workout?
Response: People like to workout for a variety of different reasons.  Working out can help you release stress if you've had a long day or are under a lot of stress at work.  Working out can help you release toxins in your body that are bad for your health.  Working out can help your heart stay healthy to avoid complications as you get older.  Working out can help you build muscle so that you are strong and building muscle also helps with cleansing out bad cells from your body.  Not all people enjoy working out, but it has a lot of benefits to staying healthy as we grow older.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify the bird from the list: Canada Dry, Canada goose, Goosebumps
Response: Canada goose
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Scutosaurus, Yellowfin Tuna
Response: Yellowfin Tuna is alive, Scutosaurus is extinct.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: By what percentage of vote margin did Ralph Northam win over Aneesh Chopra in the 2013 election for Governor of Virginia?
Context: Northam ran for Lieutenant Governor of Virginia in the 2013 election. Northam competed against U.S. Chief Technology Officer Aneesh Chopra for the Democratic nomination. On June 11, 2013, Northam won the Democratic primary over Chopra with 54% of the vote to Chopra's 46%.

On November 5, 2013, Northam was elected as Virginia's 40th Lieutenant Governor over Republican E. W. Jackson, receiving 55% of the vote to Jackson's 45%. Northam was the first Democrat since Tim Kaine in 2001 to be elected Lieutenant Governor of Virginia.
Response: 8 percent
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who has been an announcer on the gameshow "The Price is Right"?
Response: Rich Fields, George Gray, Johnny Olson, Rod Roddy
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following as either a solid, liquid, or gas: carbon dioxide, water, oil, granite, aluminum, gold, oxygen
Response: Carbon Dioxide: Gas
Water: Liquid
Oil: Liquid
Granite: Solid
Aluminum: Solid
Gold: Solid
Oxygen: Gas
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which one is good for health coffee or tea
Response: Both coffee and tea are not good for health but overall when you compare coffee with tea, tea is little better than coffee as coffee contains more caffeine content than tea. Drinking both should be limited to 1-2 times per day as anything over consuming is not good for health.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where are do the Los Angeles Lakers play their home games?
Response: The Los Angeles Lakers play their home games at the Staples Center.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these are Pixar movies? Finding Nemo, Shrek, Avatar, Toy Story, Fast and Furious, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, Everything Everywhere All at Once, John Wick 4, Ice Age, Madagascar, Incredibles 2
Response: Finding Nemo, Toy Story, Up, Inside Out, Turning Red, and Incredibles 2 are Pixar movies.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where was city musician Thomas Russell born?
Response: Los Angeles
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following as either Australian flora or fauna: kangaroo, wattle, emu, possum, echidna, kookaburra, macadamia, eucalyptus.
Response: Kangaroo, emu, possum and echidna are Australian fauna. Wattle, macadamia and eucalyptus are Australian flora.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is one of the first recorded mentions of the sauna in Finnish literature?
Context: The sauna in Finland is an old phenomenon and its roots are difficult to trace, but its earliest versions are believed to be from 7000 BC.[citation needed] Bath houses were recorded in Europe during the same time period, but Finnish bathing habits were poorly documented for most of history. One of the first written mentions of what is believed to be the sauna customs of the forefathers of the Finns was written by Nestor the Chronicler in 1112. He told of "hot wooden saunas in which naked bathers beat themselves with branches and finally pour cold water over themselves".

During the Reformation in Scandinavia the popularity of saunas expanded to other countries because the European bath houses were being destroyed.

One reason the sauna culture has always flourished in Finland has been because of the versatility of the sauna. When people were moving, the first thing they did was to build a sauna. Finns have used the sauna to live in, eat, address matters of hygiene, and, most importantly, give birth in an almost sterile environment. Unlike many other, more densely populated places in Europe, the availability of wood needed to build and warm the sauna has never been an issue. Another reason for its popularity is that in such a cold climate, the sauna allows people warmth for at least a short period of time. However, it is just as popular in the summer as in the winter.
Response: Nestor the Chronicler in 1112. He told of "hot wooden saunas in which naked bathers beat themselves with branches and finally pour cold water over themselves"".
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write about apple
Response: Apple is a fruit. 

In history, there are three apples that profoundly changed the world. 
- Eve's apple
- Newton's apple
- Steve Jobs' Apple

Biblical Adam and Eve ate the forbidden fruit and committed the original sin. 
Newton discovered the law of gravity when an apple fell from tree. 
Steve Jobs co-founded Apple and several products like the iPhone changed the world.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some of the top places to visit in Switzerland?
Response: Switzerland is an amazing country with many popular tourist attractions. Cities to visit include Zurich, Geneva, Lucerne, and Zermatt. During the summer months, you can hike in the mountains near Bern or Interlaken. Tourists will often take a ferry ride across Lake Geneva in the summer of visit Chateau de Chillon. There are beautiful waterfalls that form from the snow melt in the valleys. In the winter, it is popular to go skiing or snowboarding in the Swiss Alps, particularly in Zermatt and St. Moritz.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is AI a risk to humanity?
Response: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is just a tool. Like all tools made by humans throughout the history it is neither good nor bad. It is neither safe nor risky. The humans who control and use it will determine those. Looking at history, all past human technological developments lead to improved human quality of life. AI is likely going to significantly improve human quality of life.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Which products apple sell?
Response: Apple sells variety of products. including watches, phones, laptops and computers.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a brief poem about cultures
Response: I come from everywhere
So many different places
I come from nowhere
But every country I embrace.
Category: summarization
Instruction: From the given text, provide a couple of points on Supreme Court of Iran
Context: The Supreme Court of Iran is the highest juridical authority in Iran, established to supervise the correct implementation of laws by courts of justice and consisting of the most prominent judges of the country. The head of the judiciary assigns criteria to ensure uniformity of judicial procedure and to carry out all legal responsibilities.
Response: 1. The Supreme Court of Iran, which is composed of the most eminent judges in the nation and was founded to oversee the proper application of laws by courts of justice, is the highest legal authority in Iran.
2. To ensure judicial procedure is uniform and to fulfil all legal obligations, the head of the court assigns standards.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is the economy doing well right now?
Response: The economy is doing surprisingly well right now considering the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank (SVB).  We are in a slight recession but we are inching our way out of it.  Other banks are not collapsing and people's confidence in the stock market and economy is getting better with time.  Other sentiments that can affect the emotion of how people view the economy can be tied to how they view the current presidential administration or what their political affiliations are.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Ghost Rider, Atomic Skull
Response: Ghost Rider is Marvel, Atomic Skull is DC
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the best places in the United States to go skiing
Response: The "best" place to go skiing is very subjective based on location, skiing ability, and preferred terrain.  Generally speaking, Killington in the east, Winter Park, Big Sky, and Park City in the midwest, and Pallisades in Lake Tahoe have the best combinations of accessibility, trails for all abilities, and a large variety of terrain.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which is the most popular sport in India?
Response: The most popular sport in India is Cricket
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify these foods as either "italian", "french", "mexican" or "other". Crepes Suzette, Parmigiana di melanzane, La paella de marisco, Tahchin, Tacos al pastor, Soupe à l'oignon, Enchiladas, Pappardelle al ragù.
Response: italian: Parmigiana di melanzane, Pappardelle al ragù
french: Crepes Suzette, Soupe à l'oignon
mexican: Tacos al pastor, Enchiladas
other: La paella de marisco, Tahchin
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Why is sitting the new smoking?
Response: Sitting is not good for your body, as it was created to move. Sedentary lifestyles have many health risk factors associated. It can decrease your bone density to live a sedentary lifestyle, leading to more injuries. Sitting all day will also overtime impact your flexibility and ability to be limber. This too, impacts your likelihood of becoming injured.
Category: classification
Instruction: What is the distinction between skiing and backcountry skiing?
Response: Usually skiing is referred to ski on prepared slopes. These are areas in a mountain which have been preselected in a sense that they are relatively save from avalanches, are suitable to build the infrastructure on them and get prepared daily. Backcountry on the other side refers to ski on unprepared terrain in the nature.
Category: classification
Instruction: Of the following measurements, which units relate to mass? Kilogram, microgram, pound, litre, year, kilometre and ounce.
Response: Kilogram (kg), microgram (μg), pound (lb), and ounce (oz) are all units of mass. Kilogram and microgram are units from the metric (SI) system. Pound and ounce are units from the imperial system. Litre is a unit of volume, year is a unit of time and kilometre is a unit of distance.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is streaming better than cable?
Response: Streaming, which is a short-hand term for on-demand programming streamed over the internet, is available from many service providers including Netflix, Disney, Hulu, and Amazon. It is often considered better than cable because there is more original content and the content can be downloaded or consumed at any time, which is more flexible as compared to the standard cable packages offered. While streaming is considered more flexible, it can be expensive since most people consume streaming services from many providers, increasing the aggregate cost of subscriptions.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How to raise a kitten?
Response: When it comes to raise a kitten, it's like raising child. You need extra care and treat it with extra care. The first few months are a crucial time in shaping your kitten’s emotional and physical well-being. In the first 8 week, there're 4 things you should pay attention to, 1) Always keep kittens warm. Because kittens under four weeks of age do not have the ability to thermoregulate, you must help them maintain body warmth. A warmed Snuggle Safe disk at the opening of the cage or crate is a good idea. 2) Provide kittens with adequate nutrition. Kittens should gain about ½ ounce (14 grams) per day or 4 ounces (113 grams) per week. When feeding,  The temperature of the formula before feeding should be warm to around 100oF or 38oC, but not too hot.3) Keep kittens clean. If kittens are orphaned and do not have a mom to regularly groom then, it is important to teach them to groom and keep them clean. It is okay to wash a kitten with warm water but focus only on the areas needing cleaned.4) Provide socialisation with people and with other kittens. It is good to get them used to contact with people when they're 3 weeks old. They could learn from their littermates and learning from their mom. Play is the best method to help them physically and socially develop.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the healthiest cooking methods for preparing meals?
Response: Steaming - cooking food by exposing retains nutrients and flavor.
Boiling - A healthy cooking method but boiling for too long causes the loss of some nutrients.
Grilling - cooking food over an open flame allows surplus fat to drip from the food.
Baking and roasting - involve cooking in an oven, which can retain nutrients and flavors.
Stir-frying - A healthy method of cooking food in high heat.
Poaching - involves cooking food in liquid at a low temperature.
The healthiest cooking methods involve minimal added fats, salt, and sugar.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why are iPhones more popular than Android phones inside the United States, while the opposite is true outside the United States?
Response: The primary reason why iPhones are more popular inside the United States than outside the United States is cost. Because many companies manufacture and sell Android phones, the cost of an Android phone is low. On the other hand, Apple is the only company that sells iPhones, and this lack of competition allows Apple to charge a higher price. The United States has the highest per capita household income of any country in the world, thus people in the United States are more able to afford iPhones than are people outside the United States. A secondary reason for iPhone’s relative popularity in the United States is cultural: an iPhone is seen as a sort of status symbol, and some iPhone features only work with other iPhones, thus some people feel they will be “missing out” socially if they have an Android phone instead of an iPhone.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Provide a possible jurisdiction section for a federal civil rights complaint leaving blanks for the location.
Response: This is a civil rights complaint arising out of the county of _______ within the state of _______. This complaint sets forth causes of action under Title 42 SS 1981, 1982, 1983, 1985, 1986. The Plaintiff will show that her ability to engage in a contractual agreement was infringed upon by a private corporation conspiring with state actors acting under color of state law in violation of the aforementioned federal statutes. These facts give this honorable court jurisdiction over the matter.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the "iron curtain"?
Response: Winston Churchill first mentioned the word "iron curtain" during his speech on March 5, 1946: "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow." In Churchill's mind, the "iron curtain" defines the boundary which separates western European countries under US influence and eastern European countries under Soviet Control. This was further solidified by the creation of the Berlin wall and the Soviet supported Communist governments that ruled over eastern European countries throughout the cold war. After the collapse of Soviet Union, the iron curtain disappeared as many eastern European countries topped their Communist governments and joined the Western sphere of influence.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which of these items would be helpful on a camping trip: Golf Club, Tent, Matches, Axe, Soccer Ball, Xbox, Water bottle
Response: The following items would be helpful on a camping trip: Tent, Matches, Axe, Water bottle.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a DAW?
Response: DAW is an acronym for Digital Audio Workstation.  A DAW can either be a specialized digital hardware device (or multiple devices), or more commonly a software application, a computer, an audio interface and/or midi (musical instrument digital interface), all combined to enable digital recording, sampling, editing, mixing, and mastering of audio content. Software based DAWs come in many forms.  Most are created to emulate the workflow of a traditional analog multi-track recording environment.  However some DAWs are created to cater to the needs of electronic music creators, video content producers, and live performers.  Once the domain of highly trained professionals who invested hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of dollars on expensive analog equipment to outfit large studios, high quality, grammy award winning audio content has been produced with modern equipment costing a few hundred dollars, connected to a laptop within a small bedroom studio in a content creator's home.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Silver Surfer, Martian Manhunter
Response: Martin Manhunter is DC, Silver Surfer is Marvel
Category: summarization
Instruction: Using this definition, can you summarize why hyperventilation is considered dangerous?
Context: Voluntary hyperventilation before beginning voluntary apnea is commonly believed to allow the person involved to safely hold their breath for a longer period. In reality, it will give the impression that one does not need to breathe, while the body is actually experiencing a blood-oxygen level that would normally, and indirectly, invoke a strong dyspnea and eventually involuntary breathing. Some have incorrectly attributed the effect of hyperventilation to increased oxygen in the blood, not realizing that it is actually due to a decrease in CO2 in the blood and lungs. Blood leaving the lungs is normally fully saturated with oxygen, so hyperventilation of normal air cannot increase the amount of oxygen available, as oxygen in blood is the direct factor. Lowering the CO2 concentration increases the pH of the blood, thus increasing the time before blood becomes acidic enough so the respiratory center becomes stimulated, as described above. 
The primary urge to breathe is triggered by rising carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide builds up in the bloodstream when oxygen is metabolized and it needs to be expelled as a waste product. The body detects carbon dioxide levels very accurately and relies on this as the primary trigger to control breathing. Hyperventilation artificially depletes the resting concentration of carbon dioxide causing a low blood carbon dioxide condition called hypocapnia. Hypocapnia reduces the reflexive respiratory drive, allowing the delay of breathing and leaving the diver susceptible to loss of consciousness from hypoxia. For most healthy people, the first sign of low oxygen levels is a greyout or unconsciousness: there is no bodily sensation that warns a diver of an impending blackout.
If a person loses consciousness underwater, there is considerable danger that they will drown. An alert diving partner or nearby lifeguard would be in the best position to rescue such a person. Static apnea blackout occurs at the surface when a motionless diver holds their breath long enough for the circulating oxygen in blood to fall below that required for the brain to maintain consciousness. It involves no pressure changes in the body and is usually performed to enhance breath-hold time. It should never be practiced alone, but under strict safety protocols with a safety guard or equipment beside the diver.
Response: Hyperventilation does not increase the amount of oxygen available but artificially decreases carbon dioxide (CO2) levels in blood and lungs. 
Because the primary urge to breathe is triggered by rising carbon dioxide levels, it gives false impression that one does not need to breath. This can lead to sudden lost of consciousness. If this happens underwater, there is a considerable risk of drowning. 
This is why hyperventilation is considered as dangerous and should be avoided.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between iOS and MacOS?
Response: MacOS and iOS are both operating systems created by Apple. The MacOS focuses on desktop computing using a mouse and keyboard as primary input devices. iOS is a mobile operating system used on iPhones and iPads primarily using a touchscreen interface.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage identify the risk factors of pneumonia. Display the results in a comma separated format.
Context: Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli. Symptoms typically include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. The severity of the condition is variable.

Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria, and less commonly by other microorganisms. Identifying the responsible pathogen can be difficult. Diagnosis is often based on symptoms and physical examination. Chest X-rays, blood tests, and culture of the sputum may help confirm the diagnosis. The disease may be classified by where it was acquired, such as community- or hospital-acquired or healthcare-associated pneumonia.

Risk factors for pneumonia include cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), and a weak immune system.

Vaccines to prevent certain types of pneumonia (such as those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria, linked to influenza, or linked to COVID-19) are available. Other methods of prevention include hand washing to prevent infection, not smoking, and social distancing.

Treatment depends on the underlying cause. Pneumonia believed to be due to bacteria is treated with antibiotics. If the pneumonia is severe, the affected person is generally hospitalized. Oxygen therapy may be used if oxygen levels are low.
Response: cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), sickle cell disease, asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking, a poor ability to cough (such as following a stroke), a weak immune system
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this information about the players championship tournament, what were the weather conditions on March 20th 1977?
Context: The 1977 Tournament Players Championship was a golf tournament in Florida on the PGA Tour, held March 17–20 at Sawgrass Country Club in Ponte Vedra Beach, southeast of Jacksonville. The fourth Tournament Players Championship, it was the first of five consecutive at Sawgrass, which had agreed a multi-year with the PGA Tour in 1976.

Mark Hayes was the champion in windy conditions at 289 (+1), two strokes ahead of runner-up Mike McCullough. McCullough and Tom Watson were the co-leaders after the third round, with Hayes a stroke back. Defending champion Jack Nicklaus finished four strokes back, in a tie for fifth place.

Bob Menne set the tour's 72-hole record for fewest putts with 99, but tied for 47th at 303 (+15). The record had been 102 putts, by Bert Yancey in 1966 at his victory in the final Portland Open Invitational.
Response: It was windy
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me the TLDR on using llamas to guard my livestock.
Context: Using llamas as livestock guards in North America began in the early 1980s, and some sheep producers have used llamas successfully since then. Some would even use them to guard their smaller cousins, the alpaca. They are used most commonly in the western regions of the United States, where larger predators, such as coyotes and feral dogs, are prevalent. Typically, a single gelding (castrated male) is used.

Research suggests the use of multiple guard llamas is not as effective as one. Multiple males tend to bond with one another, rather than with the livestock, and may ignore the flock. A gelded male of two years of age bonds closely with its new charges and is instinctively very effective in preventing predation. Some llamas appear to bond more quickly to sheep or goats if they are introduced just prior to lambing. Many sheep and goat producers indicate a special bond quickly develops between lambs and their guard llama and the llama is particularly protective of the lambs.

Using llamas as guards has reduced the losses to predators for many producers. The value of the livestock saved each year more than exceeds the purchase cost and annual maintenance of a llama. Although not every llama is suited to the job, most are a viable, nonlethal alternative for reducing predation, requiring no training and little care.
Response: TLDR: LLamas can be used as livestock guards. Typically a single castrated male is the best choice (multiple males will bond with each other instead of bonding with the livestock). Generally llamas are cost effective, require no training and little care.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What's the best country in the world?
Response: There is no single answer.  The United States of America has the largest economy of any country, but Qatar has the highest GDP per capita.  Finland, on the other hand, is the happiest country in the world.  Russia is the largest country by landmass.  Many consider New Zealand to be the most beautiful country.  Which country is best depends on what you are looking for.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Buckwell?
Response: "Pride and Purpose"
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a use case?
Response: A use case is considered a business opportunity.  Use cases are usually identified as opportunities to deliver business value by the business.  Solution architects helped to define the use case and the requirements needed to deliver the use case into development and production.  Use case identification is an excellent way to sell platform products and services that help to deliver use case development for business and customers faster.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the history of Afrobeats?
Context: This article is about 21st century genre and overarching term for West African pop music. For the 1960s/1970s genre made by artists such as Fela Kuti and Tony Allen, see Afrobeat. For the British genre popularised by J Hus, see Afroswing.
Response: Afrobeats (not to be confused with Afrobeat or Afroswing), or Afro-pop or Afro-fusion (or Afropop or Afrofusion), is an umbrella term to describe popular music from West Africa and the diaspora that initially developed in Nigeria, Ghana, and the UK in the 2000s and 2010s. Afrobeats is less of a style per se, and more of a descriptor for the fusion of sounds flowing out of Ghana and Nigeria. Genres such as hiplife, jùjú music, highlife and naija beats, among others, were amalgamated under the 'Afrobeats' umbrella.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this text, what is the third wealthiest state in the USA?
Context: Hawaii became a unified, internationally recognized kingdom in 1810, remaining independent until American and European businessmen overthrew the monarchy in 1893; this led to annexation by the U.S. in 1898. As a strategically valuable U.S. territory, Hawaii was attacked by Japan on December 7, 1941, which brought it global and historical significance, and contributed to America's decisive entry into World War II. Hawaii is the most recent state to join the union, on August 21, 1959. In 1993, the U.S. government formally apologized for its role in the overthrow of Hawaii's government, which spurred the Hawaiian sovereignty movement.

Historically dominated by a plantation economy, Hawaii remains a major agricultural exporter due to its fertile soil and uniquely tropical climate in the U.S. Its economy has gradually diversified since the mid-20th century, with tourism and military defense becoming the two largest sectors. The state attracts tourists, surfers, and scientists with its diverse natural scenery, warm tropical climate, abundance of public beaches, oceanic surroundings, active volcanoes, and clear skies on the Big Island. Hawaii hosts the U.S. Pacific Fleet, the world's largest naval command, as well as 75,000 employees of the Defense Department.

Its relative isolation results in one of the highest costs of living in the United States, and Hawaii is the third-wealthiest state.
Response: According to this text, Hawaii is the third wealthiest state in the United States of America.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Padayani thappu, Qanun
Response: Qanun is string, Padayani thappu is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Dutch explorer reached Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642?
Response: The Dutch explorer Abel Tasman reached Tasmania and New Zealand in 1642.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans
Response: Judas Escariot
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What else can you do with a hammer other than hammering nails?
Response: You can use a hammer to
1. Remove nails for those with a claw
2. Defense yourself as a weapon
3. Juggle between your left and right hands to practice hand-eye coordination
4. Substitute a paper weight if the hammer is not too big