fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: A triangle has angles of 25 degrees and 45 degrees. What is the last angle in the triangle?
Response: The angles in a triangle sum up to 180 degrees. The last angle is thus 180 - 45 - 25 = 110 degrees
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to survive Chicago winter?
Response: Chicago winters could be brutal, especially in the months of December, January, and February. Wearing layered cloths could really help resist the chilly winters. Chicago weather is very fluctuating during winters as well. Check the weather report everyday and make sure to avoid traveling during blizzards or snowstorms. Seasonal change disorder could be a real pain, as Chicago gets a lot of less sunlight during winter and hence invest on therapy lamps. Furthermore, take a trip to somewhere warmer down south to avoid winters altogether.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Samuel Tilden, Grover Cleveland, Al Gore, and Hillary Clinton share what distinction among U.S. presidential candidates?
Response: They won the popular vote but lost the electoral college vote
Category: summarization
Instruction: How was basketball was invented?
Context: Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters.
Response: Basketball began with its invention in 1891 in Springfield, Massachusetts, by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith as a less injury-prone sport than football. Naismith was a 31-year old graduate student when he created the indoor sport to keep athletes indoors during the winters. The game became established fairly quickly and grew very popular as the 20th century progressed, first in America and then in other parts of the world. After basketball became established in American colleges, the professional game followed. The American National Basketball Association (NBA), established in 1946, grew to a multibillion-dollar enterprise by the end of the century, and basketball became an integral part of American culture.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Jew's Harp, Bass Stick
Response: Bass Stick is string, Jew's Harp is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is epistatis?
Response: Epistasis is a phenomenon in genetics in which the effect of a gene mutation is dependent on the presence or absence of mutations in one or more other genes, respectively termed modifier genes. In other words, the effect of the mutation is dependent on the genetic background in which it appears. Epistatic mutations therefore have different effects on their own than when they occur together. Originally, the term epistasis specifically meant that the effect of a gene variant is masked by that of a different gene.

The concept of epistasis originated in genetics in 1907 but is now used in biochemistry, computational biology and evolutionary biology. The phenomenon arises due to interactions, either between genes (such as mutations also being needed in regulators of gene expression) or within them (multiple mutations being needed before the gene loses function), leading to non-linear effects. Epistasis has a great influence on the shape of evolutionary landscapes, which leads to profound consequences for evolution and for the evolvability of phenotypic traits.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is RBI?
Response: The Reserve Bank of India, chiefly known as RBI, is India's central bank and regulatory body responsible for regulation of the Indian banking system. It is under the ownership of Ministry of Finance, Government of India. It is responsible for the control, issue and maintaining supply of the Indian rupee. 
It also manages the country's main payment systems and works to promote its economic development. Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran (BRBNM) is a specialised division of RBI through which it prints and mints Indian currency notes (INR) in four of its currency printing presses located in Nashik (Maharashtra; Western India), Dewas (Madhya Pradesh; Central India), Mysore (Karnataka; Southern India) and Salboni (West Bengal; Eastern India). 
The RBI established the National Payments Corporation of India as one of its specialised division to regulate the payment and settlement systems in India. Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation was established by RBI as one of its specialised division for the purpose of providing insurance of deposits and guaranteeing of credit facilities to all Indian banks.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this information about Vietnam, which country does it share its northern border with?
Context: Vietnam or Viet Nam[n 3] (commonly abbreviated VN; Vietnamese: Việt Nam, [vîət nāːm] (listen)), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (SRV),[n 4] is a country in Southeast Asia. It is located at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of 331,212 square kilometres (127,882 sq mi) and population of 99 million, making it the world's fifteenth-most populous country. Vietnam borders China to the north, and Laos and Cambodia to the west. It shares maritime borders with Thailand through the Gulf of Thailand, and the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia through the South China Sea. Its capital is Hanoi and its largest city is Ho Chi Minh City (commonly referred to by its former name, Saigon).
Response: China
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are cheeses or not: Stinking Bishop, Gouda, Gonzo, Brie, Partisano
Response: Stinking Bishop, Gouda, and Brie are cheeses. Gonzo and Partisano are not.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: The movie Marquise of Armiani
Response: The Marquise of Armiani (German: Die Marchesa d'Armiani) is a 1920 German silent film directed by Alfred Halm and starring Pola Negri, Ernst Dernburg, and Elsa Wagner.

The film's sets were designed by the art director Kurt Richter.

Cast
Pola Negri as Marchesa Assunta
Ernst Dernburg as Polizeichef
Elsa Wagner as Assuntas Mutter
Max Pohl
Fritz Schulz
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is Central Park?
Context: Central Park is an urban park in New York City located between the Upper West and Upper East Sides of Manhattan. It is the fifth-largest park in the city, covering 843 acres (341 ha). It is the most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 42 million visitors annually as of 2016, and is the most filmed location in the world.
Response: Central Park is an urban park located in the borough of Manhattan, New York City, NY.  It is located between the Upper West Side and the Upper East Side.  It is 843 acres and is actually the 5th largest park in the city.  It is the most visited urban park in the United States, with an estimated 42 million visitors annually.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is High-functioning autism?
Context: High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction.HFA is not included in the American Psychological Association's DSM-5 or the World Health Organization's ICD-10, subdividing autism based on intellectual capabilities. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay.

Other differences in features of people with high-functioning autism from those with Asperger syndrome include the following:

Lower verbal reasoning ability
Better visual/spatial skills (Being uniquely artistically talented)
Less deviating locomotion (e.g. clumsiness)
Problems functioning independently
Curiosity and interest in many different things
Not as good at empathising with other people
Male to female ratio (4:1) is much smaller

As of 2013, Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autism are no longer terms the American Psychological Association uses and have been merged into autism spectrum disorder (ASD). As of 2021, the World Health Organization also retired the terms and merged them into autism spectrum disorder.
Response: High-functioning autism (HFA) is an autism classification where a person exhibits no intellectual disability but may show deficits in communication, emotion recognition and expression, and social interaction. High-functioning autism is characterised by features similar to those of Asperger syndrome. The defining characteristic psychologists recognise there is a significant delay in developing early speech and language skills before three years. The diagnostic criteria of Asperger syndrome exclude a general language delay.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Seaworth?
Response: Davos Seaworth is the founder of House Seaworth, a knighthood that was granted after Robert's Rebellion
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the right time to do workouts or yoga?
Response: The physical activities like Workouts and Yoga are best performed when one is light on stomach - hence early morning or evenings are usually the most appropriate time in general. However, the most important thing is, one should find time everyday to do some kind of physical exercise to maintain a healthy body.
Category: classification
Instruction: What are the 8 categories of scientific classification?
Response: Levels of Classification. The classification system commonly used today is based on the Linnean system and has eight levels of taxa; from the most general to the most specific, these are domain, kingdom, phylum (plural, phyla), class, order, family, genus (plural, genera), and species.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What items do you need to buy in preparation for the arrival of a baby
Response: The arrival of a baby is an exciting time! Here is a list of some items you may want to get before its arrival:
 - Crib or bassinet and bedding
 - Baby monitor
 - Car Seat
 - Stroller
 - Onesies and appropriate clothing
 - Feeding bottles
 - First aid kit
 - Diapers and related creams and wipes
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Create a bulleted list of all the Jurassic Park movies.
Context: Jurassic Park, later also referred to as Jurassic World, is an American science fiction media franchise created by Michael Crichton and centered on a disastrous attempt to create a theme park of cloned dinosaurs. It began in 1990 when Universal Pictures and Amblin Entertainment bought the rights to Crichton's novel Jurassic Park before it was published. The book was successful, as was Steven Spielberg's 1993 film adaptation. The film received a theatrical 3D re-release in 2013, and was selected in 2018 for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". A 1995 sequel novel, The Lost World, was followed by a film adaptation in 1997. Subsequent films in the series, including Jurassic Park III (2001), are not based on the novels.

In 2015, a second trilogy of films began with the fourth film in the series, Jurassic World. The film was successful, becoming the first film to gross over $500 million worldwide in its opening weekend, and grossed over $1.6 billion through the course of its theatrical run, making it the third highest-grossing film at the time. It became the second highest-grossing film of 2015, and is currently the eighth highest-grossing film of all time. When adjusted for monetary inflation, Jurassic World is the second highest-grossing film in the franchise after Jurassic Park. A sequel, Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom (2018) grossed over $1.3 billion worldwide, making it the third Jurassic film to pass the billion-dollar mark. It is the third highest-grossing film of 2018, and currently the 18th highest-grossing film of all time. The final film in the trilogy, Jurassic World Dominion, was released in 2022. It grossed over $1 billion worldwide and became the third highest-grossing film of 2022. Jurassic World Dominion also became the fourth film in the franchise to pass the billion-dollar mark.
Response: The Jurassic Park movies are - 
* Jurassic Park
* The Lost World: Jurassic Park
* Jurassic Park III
* Jurassic World
* Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom
* Jurassic World Dominion
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is Cryptocurrency?
Context: A cryptocurrency, crypto-currency, or crypto is a digital currency designed to work as a medium of exchange through a computer network that is not reliant on any central authority, such as a government or bank, to uphold or maintain it. It is a decentralized system for verifying that the parties to a transaction have the money they claim to have, eliminating the need for traditional intermediaries, such as banks, when funds are being transferred between two entities.
Response: Cryptocurrency is the digital currency built on the blockchain or other network which allows people to exchange and trade for goods. There are over 1000 different kinds of cryptocurrency around the world and each of them is designed differently. Currently, the popular cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Sea dragon or Red bearded
Response: Sea dragon
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this article on Donkey Kong Country 2, who is the villain of the plot and where does the story take place?
Context: Some time after Donkey Kong Country, Donkey Kong is relaxing on the beach, until he is ambushed by the Kremlings. He gets kidnapped and brought to Kaptain K. Rool, King K. Rool's moniker in this game, who then demands the Banana Hoard he unsuccessfully tried to steal in the previous game for a ransom from the Kongs. Instead of complying, Diddy Kong and his friend Dixie resolve to go to the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle, to rescue Donkey Kong. Together, they travel through Crocodile Isle and are helped on their way by an assortment of animals to defeat Kaptain K. Rool. Diddy and Dixie eventually battle and defeat K. Rool, releasing Donkey Kong in the process. K. Rool manages to escape though, and shortly after, Diddy and Dixie confront him in the Lost World, a secret area powered by a geyser at the heart of Crocodile Isle. They once again defeat K. Rool, who is hurled into the geyser, causing it to clog up and explode. The explosion causes all of Crocodile Isle to sink, as the Kongs watch K. Rool escape on a small sailboat.
Response: Kaptain K. Rool is the villain and kidnaps Donkey Kong. The story takes places on the Kremling's home island, Crocodile Isle.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you make an old fashioned?
Response: An old fashioned is a cocktail drink which can be made with Rye or Bourbon whiskey. It is made by muddling sugar, adding, Angostura bitters, water, whiskey (typically rye or bourbon), and garnishing with an orange slice and a cocktail cherry. A great cherry for old fashioneds is a Luxardo cherry.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the teams in the NL Central Division in Major League Baseball?
Response: The teams that are included in the National League Central Division for Major League Baseball are the St Louis Cardinals, Chicago Cubs, Pittsburg Pirates, Milwaukee Brewers, and the Cincinnati Reds.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List the churches serving Mayfield Park of East Bristol in a comma separated manner.
Context: Mayfield Park is a residential area in East Bristol, with a large adjoining park known as the Ridgeway Rd Playing Fields.
The area is located on the outskirts of the outer urban area of Fishponds and consists mainly of four roads: Mayfield Park, Mayfield Park North, Mayfield Park South and Mayfield Avenue. It is also near the main road of Berkeley Road and the outer urban area with the name of Speedwell, and adjacent to Chester Park. The area has a population of 1,730 (est).
A number of churches serve the area including St John's Church of England Church, built in 1911, and St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1925, both on Lodge Causeway. Near the park is the more modern Abingdon Road Gospel Hall, an Evangelical Church of the Noncomformist Christian Brethren built in 1937, with a large church hall backing onto the playing fields. The Morley Congregational Church originally built between Ivy Lane and Mayfield Avenue in 1889 was demolished in 1970 after it encountered structural problems, and now sites a block of modern flats.
Response: The churches serving Mayfield Park of East Bristol are St John's Church of England Church, St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church, Evangelical Church of the Noncomformist Christian Brethren, and the Morley Congregational Church.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the human brain, how does my brain know that I'm touching something hot?
Context: The human brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system. The brain consists of the cerebrum, the brainstem and the cerebellum. It controls most of the activities of the body, processing, integrating, and coordinating the information it receives from the sense organs, and making decisions as to the instructions sent to the rest of the body. The brain is contained in, and protected by, the skull bones of the head.
Response: Humans process information from the various sensory systems via the central nervous system. The nerves in your hand are integral to your sense of touch. When your fingers touch something hot, the nerves in your hand quickly transmit that information through the nervous system to the central nervous system. After processing an electrochemical signal up through the spine, the sensory signal is eventually received in the human brain. The brain takes action and, in this case, initiates an instinctual retraction of the hand.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the national languages of Switzerland?
Response: The national languages of Switzerland are German, French, Italian, and Romansh.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Jeep, Alpina
Response: Alpina is German, Jeep is American
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What makes a healthy diet?
Response: A healthy diet is one composed of an appropriate amount of calories balanced across macronutrients with clean sources of fruits, vegetables, grains, and other foods. An adult should generally target around 2000 calories per day, however this number should be greater depending on age, size, and activity level. Processed foods are generally less healthy and are associated with risk of diseases including heart disease and diabetes.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is Barbacoa?
Context: Barbacoa is a form of cooking meat that originated in the Caribbean with the Taíno people, who called it by the Arawak word barbaca, from which the term "barbacoa" derives, and ultimately, the word 'barbecue". In contemporary Mexico, it generally refers to meats or whole sheep or whole goats slow-cooked over an open fire or, more traditionally, in a hole dug in the ground covered with agave (maguey) leaves, although the interpretation is loose, and in the present day (and in some cases) may refer to meat steamed until tender. This meat is known for its high fat content and strong flavor, often accompanied with onions and cilantro (coriander leaf).
Response: Barbacoa is a style of slow-cooking meat from the Caribbean area. In Mexico, it's generally used on sheep or goats that are buried in the ground and covered with leaves after roasting. Typical seasonings included onions and cilantro.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the 24 hour equivalent to 2PM?
Response: 2PM in 24 hour time is 14:00.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why you should have a bucket list?
Response: Because you have one life to live.
You need to explore as much as you can to fulfill your dream so you need a target to full and that's why you need bucketlist
Category: summarization
Instruction: From the paragraph below, give me a list of all the places where Leonardo lived and his areas of knowledge and scientific expertise.
Context: Leonardo di ser Piero da Vinci (15 April 1452 – 2 May 1519) was an Italian polymath of the High Renaissance who was active as a painter, draughtsman, engineer, scientist, theorist, sculptor, and architect. While his fame initially rested on his achievements as a painter, he also became known for his notebooks, in which he made drawings and notes on a variety of subjects, including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting, and paleontology. Leonardo is widely regarded to have been a genius who epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal, and his collective works comprise a contribution to later generations of artists matched only by that of his younger contemporary, Michelangelo.

Born out of wedlock to a successful notary and a lower-class woman in, or near, Vinci, he was educated in Florence by the Italian painter and sculptor Andrea del Verrocchio. He began his career in the city, but then spent much time in the service of Ludovico Sforza in Milan. Later, he worked in Florence and Milan again, as well as briefly in Rome, all while attracting a large following of imitators and students. Upon the invitation of Francis I, he spent his last three years in France, where he died in 1519. Since his death, there has not been a time where his achievements, diverse interests, personal life, and empirical thinking have failed to incite interest and admiration, making him a frequent namesake and subject in culture.
Response: Leonardo was educated in Florence where he spent his early life, but then moved to Milan to work at the service of Sforza's family. Later in his life he also worked in Rome and finally he moved to France where he passed away in 1519. Leonardo was a scientist famous for his studies and publications on a variety of subjects including anatomy, astronomy, botany, cartography, painting and mechanical engineering.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why breakfast is so important for the day
Response: Because you are breaking the fast after a long sleep. So you need to give something to your body.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When did Finland and Sweden join NATO?
Context: Russia's invasion of Ukraine prompted Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership in May 2022, and the ratification process for Sweden is in progress. Finland officially joined on 4 April 2023. Ukraine applied for NATO membership in September 2022 after Russia claimed to annex part of its territory. Two other states have formally informed NATO of their membership aspirations: Bosnia and Herzegovina and Georgia. Kosovo also aspires to join NATO. Joining the alliance is a debate topic in several other European countries outside the alliance, including Austria, Ireland, Malta, Moldova, and Serbia.
Response: Finland officially joined NATO on 4 April 2023, while the ratification process for Sweden is in progress.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the best soccer player in the world?
Response: There are many ways to determine who the best soccer player is at the current time.

Some would say that the Ballon d'Or award does that job for us, labeling the best player in the game at the current time. At this juncture, that is Karim Benzema of Real Madrid, who won the 2021/22 award after leading Los Blancos to the La Liga and Champions League double.

Others would say that the highest-paid player is the best. That would be Kylian Mbappe whose new PSG contract could see the French side shell out an eye-watering €630 million over the course of his new three-year contract he signed in the summer of 2022. Mbappe is thought to be the best young player in the game now, gracing the cover of the popular FIFA video game for the last two years.

Still more could argue that the player with the most goals scored would be the best player. That would make Cristiano Ronaldo the top player in the world, with his all-time record of more than 800 goals for club and country. Right behind him is his rival Lionel Messi, who also has collected far more assists than his Portuguese counterpart. Young striker Erling Haaland may have something to say about that, however, as his incredible start to the Premier League season has seen him on pace to shatter the league's single-season goalscoring record.

However, that seems to discount those who play other positions, like 2018 Ballon d'Or winner Luka Modric, whose midfield brilliance led Croatia to the last World Cup final, or 2022 Yashin trophy winner Thibaut Courtois, whose goalkeeping heroics earned him Man of the Match in the 2022 Champions League final.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What was most important invention by Humans?
Response: Humans have invented many things and it really depends on each generation what was the most important invention. There are few that come to mind below

1) Fire: Ability to create fire led to significant increase in Humans ability to survive and thrive.

2) Wheel: Ability to create and control wheel led to Humans being able to cover more distances than they previously could do physically. This led to increased ability to hunt and also run away from predators

3) Farming: Ability to Farm food led to Humans not needing to hunt and led to creation of societies that led to more cooperation & more inventions

There are many others like Gun, Engine, Drugs, Electricity, Airplanes, Nuclear energy, Computer, iphone.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Q: What should I do with hand sanitizer on the FDA's list of hand sanitizers that consumers should not use?
Response: A: If you have one of the products on the FDA's list of hand sanitizers consumers should not use, immediately stop using it and dispose of the product, ideally in a hazardous waste container. Do not pour these products down the drain or flush them. Contact your local waste management and recycling center for more information on hazardous waste disposal. Learn how to search the FDA’s hand sanitizer list, including a description of how to search for manufacturers and distributors on the label.
Category: classification
Instruction: If you are about to be admitted to the hospital overnight, categorize each of the following as either useful or not useful: a phone charger, a camping tent, reading glasses, a cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement, a favorite blanket, and headphones, and a grand piano.
Response: When you are staying overnight in the hospital, it would be useful to have a phone charger, reading glasses, a favorite blanket and headphones. It would not be useful to have a camping tent, cruise ship, 10 bags of lumpy cement or a grand piano.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Summarize the pros and cons of working from home
Response: The pros would be mainly the time you save, as you don't have to commute to the office, especially in cities with heavy traffic congestion and if the employee is located far from the office this is a big concern. You get some flexibility with time and you save some carbon and energy as well. 
On the other hand, the cons would be you won't get to interact physically with your colleagues, grab a coffee and connect with other peers. In the end, it all narrows down to the individual as to what works well for whom.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Using examples from the text give me a rundown of the causes of wet snow avalanches.
Context: In contrast to powder snow avalanches, wet snow avalanches are a low velocity suspension of snow and water, with the flow confined to the track surface (McClung, first edition 1999, page 108). The low speed of travel is due to the friction between the sliding surface of the track and the water saturated flow. Despite the low speed of travel (≈10–40 km/h), wet snow avalanches are capable of generating powerful destructive forces, due to the large mass and density. The body of the flow of a wet snow avalanche can plough through soft snow, and can scour boulders, earth, trees, and other vegetation; leaving exposed and often scored ground in the avalanche track. Wet snow avalanches can be initiated from either loose snow releases, or slab releases, and only occur in snowpacks that are water saturated and isothermally equilibrated to the melting point of water. The isothermal characteristic of wet snow avalanches has led to the secondary term of isothermal slides found in the literature (for example in Daffern, 1999, page 93). At temperate latitudes wet snow avalanches are frequently associated with climatic avalanche cycles at the end of the winter season, when there is significant daytime warming.
Response: Wet snow avalanches can be initiated from either loose snow releases, or slab releases, and only occur in snowpacks that are water saturated and isothermally equilibrated to the melting point of water.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How did Chiune Sugihara save lives?
Context: Chiune Sugihara (杉原 千畝, Sugihara Chiune, 1 January 1900 – 31 July 1986) was a Japanese diplomat who served as vice-consul for the Japanese Empire in Kaunas, Lithuania. During the Second World War, Sugihara helped thousands of Jews flee Europe by issuing transit visas to them so that they could travel through Japanese territory, risking his job and the lives of his family. The fleeing Jews were refugees from German-occupied Western Poland and Soviet-occupied Eastern Poland, as well as residents of Lithuania. In 1985, the State of Israel honored Sugihara as one of the Righteous Among the Nations for his actions. He is the only Japanese national to have been so honored. The year 2020 was "The Year Chiune Sugihara" in Lithuania. It has been estimated as many as 100,000 people alive today are the descendants of the recipients of Sugihara visas.
Response: He issued transit visas to Jews fleeing Europe during World War II, so they could travel through Japanese territory.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a banjo and a ukulele?
Response: People usually use a ukulele for accompaniment and solo. The banjo is generally used for peals. Another difference between the two instruments is in regards to how they are tuned. A ukulele is tuned in only two main configurations while a banjo can be tuned to chord based on the musical style of the musicians and what they prefer.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some of the major cities in Australia?
Response: Some of the major cities in Australia are Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, and Perth.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do banks make money?
Response: Traditionally, banks accept deposits and loan that money to borrowers providing a time arbitrage on the velocity of money which regulates in profit. In more recent years, banks have diversified their profit centers by investing those deposits in fixed income securities. There has even been a proliferation of into multiple types of banks. Some of these banks include investment banks which transact in the capital markets pairing investors with capital seeking counterparties. The most innovative banks are starting to see how data can become a profit center as well as allow them to provide a better customer experience.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Does my data need to fit in memory to use Spark?
Response: No. Spark's operators spill data to disk if it does not fit in memory, allowing it to run well on any sized data. Likewise, cached datasets that do not fit in memory are either spilled to disk or recomputed on the fly when needed, as determined by the RDD's storage level.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Hindi Diwas is observed every year on which date?
Response: September 14
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as a weapon or a toy: gun, lego, knife, bomb, blocks, doll
Response: Gun: Weapon
Lego: Toy
Knife: Weapon
Bomb: Weapon
Blocks: Toy
Doll: Toy
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think of three different colors that mens suits are often
Response: Black, blue, grey
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an RFI (request for information)?
Response: An RFI (request for information) is a structured acquisition process for gathering information from potential suppliers of a good or service. RFIs are written by customers and their contracts organization and sent to potential suppliers. An RFI is typically the first and broadest series of requests intended to narrow down a list of potential vendors.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the different kinds of rock climbing?
Response: The most popular types of climbing are:

- Bouldering: climbing low hanging challenges, likely with crash pads to fall on.
- Sport climbing (or indoor climbing): Climbing a route with fixed anchors
- Traditional climbing: Climbing with gear that is inserted and removed without fixed anchors

Once climbers gain experience, they are able to begin climbing more extreme outdoor terrain however many climbers may stick to bouldering or sport climbing.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which state's capital is inaccessible by road?
Response: Juneau, Alaska is inaccessible by road, but cars can get to the city via ferry.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who won six consecutive Wimbledon titles in the 1980s
Response: Martina Navratilova
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the world's oldest annual marathon based on the reference text below?
Context: The Boston Marathon began on 19 April 1897, and was inspired by the success of the first marathon competition in the 1896 Summer Olympics. It is the world's oldest run annual marathon, and ranks as one of the world's most prestigious road racing events. Its course runs from Hopkinton in southern Middlesex County, to Copley Square in Boston. Johnny Hayes' victory at the 1908 Summer Olympics also contributed to the early growth of long-distance running and marathoning in the United States. Later that year, races around the holiday season including the Empire City Marathon held on New Year's Day 1909 in Yonkers, New York, marked the early running craze referred to as "marathon mania". Following the 1908 Olympics, the first five amateur marathons in New York City were held on days that held special meanings: Thanksgiving Day, the day after Christmas, New Year's Day, Washington's Birthday, and Lincoln's Birthday.

Frank Shorter's victory in the marathon at the 1972 Summer Olympics would spur national enthusiasm for the sport more intense than that which followed Hayes' win 64 years earlier. In 2014, an estimated 550,600 runners completed a marathon within the United States. This can be compared to 143,000 in 1980. Today marathons are held all around the world on a nearly weekly basis.
Response: The Boston Marathon is the world's oldest annual marathon, beginning on April 19th 1897.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about marathon, what is the distance covered in kilometres and what are the most common ways to complete one?
Context: The marathon is a long-distance foot race with a distance of 42.195 km (26 mi 385 yd), usually run as a road race, but the distance can be covered on trail routes. The marathon can be completed by running or with a run/walk strategy. There are also wheelchair divisions. More than 800 marathons are held throughout the world each year, with the vast majority of competitors being recreational athletes, as larger marathons can have tens of thousands of participants.
Response: The distance covered in a marathon is 42.195 kilometers and it can be completed by running and walking combined, though there are also possibilities for wheelchair participants.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series, A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Baelish?
Response: The unknown founder of House Baelish was a Braavosi sellsword.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are different ways to lose weight?
Response: The following are different ways to lose weight:
1. Eat less processed and sugary foods
2. Lift weights at the gym
3. Go on long walks or runs outside
4. Intermittent fast for 16 hours a day
5. Drink more water
6. Drink less alcohol
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How many people in total were killed or injured in this text?
Context: During the Pacific War, the Japanese invasion of Malaya culminated in the Battle of Singapore. When the British force of 60,000 troops surrendered on 15 February 1942, British prime minister Winston Churchill called the defeat "the worst disaster and largest capitulation in British history". British and Empire losses during the fighting for Singapore were heavy, with a total of nearly 85,000 personnel captured. About 5,000 were killed or wounded, of which Australians made up the majority. Japanese casualties during the fighting in Singapore amounted to 1,714 killed and 3,378 wounded. The occupation was to become a major turning point in the histories of several nations, including those of Japan, Britain, and Singapore. Japanese newspapers triumphantly declared the victory as deciding the general situation of the war. Between 5,000 and 25,000 ethnic Chinese people were killed in the subsequent Sook Ching massacre. British forces had planned to liberate Singapore in 1945; however, the war ended before these operations could be carried out.
Response: 15092 to 35092 people were killed or injured in total. 
The count is 5000 of the British Army,  1714 Japanese Army killed, 3378 Japanese Army wounded and 5000 to 25000 ethnic Chinese killed.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke named after?
Context: The Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University is named after former Duke president and Governor of North Carolina Terry Sanford, who established the university's Institute for Policy Sciences and Public Affairs in 1971 as an interdisciplinary program geared toward training future leaders. When the School's current building on Duke's West Campus opened in 1994, the structure was named—and the Institute renamed—in honor of Sanford. The building was designed by Architectural Resources Cambridge, Inc. in a Modern Gothic style. The Sanford School offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs in Public Policy. A second building, named for principal benefactor David Rubenstein, opened in August 2005. The building houses several of the school's centers including the Duke Center for Child and Family Policy and the Duke Center for International Development. Rubenstein Hall had its formal dedication, which included a speech by former U.S. Secretary of State Colin Powell on November 4, 2005.
Response: The Sanford School of Public Policy at Duke University is named after former Duke president and Governor Terry Sanford, who established the Institute for Policy Sciences and Public Affairs in 1971. It offers bachelor's, master's, and doctoral programs in Public Policy. A second building, named for principal benefactor David Rubenstein, opened in 2005. The Institute became Duke's tenth school in 2009.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are questions you can ask to get to know someone?
Response: Questions you can ask to get to know someone are the following:  

1. What is your name?
2. What is your age?
3. What are your hobbies?
4. Did you go to college?  What college?
5. What do you do for work?
6. Do you have any brothers or sister?
7. What is most important to you in a relationship?
8. Do you like to read?  What was the last book you read?
9. Have you ever done any traveling?  Where?
10. What is your favorite restaurant?  Where?
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who won the 2022 Masters golf tournament?
Response: Scotty Scheffler
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where did Alexander Digeon fought
Response: Alexander Elisabeth Michel vicomte Digeon, (27 June 1771 – 2 August 1826) fought in the French Revolutionary Wars in the cavalry. He became a general officer during the Napoleonic Wars, fighting in a number of important battles. After 1814, he gave his loyalty to the Bourbon Restoration and briefly served as Minister of War.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How was the universe created?
Context: The Big Bang event is a physical theory that describes how the universe expanded from an initial state of high density and temperature. Various cosmological models of the Big Bang explain the evolution of the observable universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale form. These models offer a comprehensive explanation for a broad range of observed phenomena, including the abundance of light elements, the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation, and large-scale structure. The overall uniformity of the Universe, known as the flatness problem, is explained through cosmic inflation: a sudden and very rapid expansion of space during the earliest moments. However, physics currently lacks a widely accepted theory of quantum gravity that can successfully model the earliest conditions of the Big Bang.
Response: We can't know for sure but a popular theory called the Big Bang suggests that the universe was created from an infinitesimally small point of infinite energy some four and a half billion years ago.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top 7 national parks in the United States?
Response: Top national parks in the US are as follows:
- Yosemite National Park
- Grand Canyon National Park
- Yellowstone National Park
- Glacier National Park
- Zion National Park
- Grand Teton National Park
- Bryce Canyon National Park
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who was Lem Tucker?
Context: Lemuel Tucker (May 26, 1938 – March 2, 1991) was an American journalist.

Born in Saginaw, Michigan, Tucker graduated from Central Michigan University in 1960.

Tucker was one of the first African Americans to work as a television network reporter. He began his career at NBC in 1965 as a general assignment news correspondent, and served as news director at WOR-TV in New York City from 1970 to 1971. He moved to ABC in 1972 and to CBS in 1977, where he worked until his death.

He was winner of two Emmy Awards, and made the master list of Nixon political opponents for his reporting.

Although Lem Tucker's life was brief, his career accomplishments were memorable.

Tucker was the first African American elected to the position of student body president at CMU. That election took place when less than one percent of the student body was black. Previous to his election, only one other African American had been elected to a similar position in the United States. While at Central, Tucker was considered one of the university's top forensic students. He served as a chapter president of Pi Kappa Delta, a national speech honorary fraternity.

He won his first Emmy in 1979 for his coverage of black America and his second in 1983 for a series about hunger in America. While working for the networks, he covered numerous major news events, including the Vietnam War, the Kent State University shootings and the Iran hostage crisis. He covered social unrest and riots in Newark, Miami and Harlem. He also reported from the Woodstock Festival. In 1981, he was covering President Ronald Reagan's speech at the Washington Hilton Hotel and witnessed the shooting of the president. He was broadcasting live reports on CBS Radio within minutes of the incident. He was applauded by his colleagues and others in the media for his continuous and thorough coverage, which he provided well into the next morning.

During the course of his career, Tucker returned numerous times to his alma mater to speak to students about politics, share reflections on college life and offer insight regarding work as a national network correspondent.

Tucker had a keen sense of humor. In an address given to the CMU community in the early 1980s, he told his audience he was amused to have been asked back to speak at the university, given that during his days as student body president, he "quibbled a lot" with the administration. He said, "How rare for me to be given a microphone and be invited to speak at CMU. Now I am on stage in front of administration and applauded."

Tucker has one daughter, Linn Carol Tucker.

His death in 1991 was due to liver failure.
Response: Lemuel Tucker was an American journalist. He was born in Saginaw, Michigan, Tucker graduated from Central Michigan University in 1960. Tucker was one of the first African Americans to work as a television network reporter. He won his first Emmy in 1979 for his coverage of black America and his second in 1983 for a series about hunger in America. His death in 1991 was due to liver failure.
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize each of the following classes as either 'hard', 'medium', 'easy': english writing, math, history, chemistry, physics.
Response: English writing in general is considered as easy, however to master the skills of writing is actually pretty hard. 

Math is in general considered as hard in school, since it's less intuitive and requires multiple step thinking process to solve problems.

History is considered easy at school while chemistry is considered as medium.

Physics is considered as hard. It combines math and science. It has lots of concepts to learn, and it's cumulative: one new concept is built on top of many previous concepts, one physics concept may depends on concepts from math, science, etc.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who wrote Jane Eyre?
Context: Swarcliffe Hall is a large hall that was constructed in 1800 in Birstwith, near Harrogate, England. The current house was built by John Greenwood in 1850, who engaged Major Rohde Hawkins as his architect, and is a Grade II listed building.

The original Swarcliffe Hall was built on the site c1800 by the Blessard family, however the current hall which was built by the Greenwood family was completed in 1850. Charlotte Brontë was employed as a governess at the hall in 1839 and it is said her time spent there helped inspire her novel Jane Eyre.

Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale visited the hall in 1888 and again during the following year whilst opening the New Bath Hospital in nearby Harrogate.
Response: Charlotte Brontë
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name some fruits that have yellow or orange skin.
Response: Bananas, Lemons, Oranges, Nectarines and Apricots all have yellow or orange skin.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who is Germain Damar?
Context: Germaine Damar (born August 31, 1929) is a Luxembourger actress and dancer. Sometimes she used the stage name Ria Poncelet. She started her career as an acrobat and played in nearly 30 German films, including three films in which she was the partner of Peter Alexander. In 1964, Damar retired and two years later her son Roman Martin Toporow was born. Her husband died in 1993, and Damar has since then lived with her son in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

In June 2011 the documentary Germaine Damar – Der tanzende Stern (Germaine Damar, the dancing star) by Michael Wenk was presented at the Luxembourg cinema Ciné Utopia. The former dancing star herself was present and even sang one of her old songs. The audience gave her a standing ovation.
Response: Germaine Damar was born on August 31, 1929 and is a Luxembourger actress and dancer. She's been in nearly 30 German films and started her career as an acrobat. In 1964, she retired from the film industry.