fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some tips to impress my aspiring Father-in-law.
Response: 1. Try to be authentic self. It will cause you less stress in long run and also provide a chance to the other person to get to know you better.
2. Be respectful. It is always good to understand other person's perspective specially when they are coming from a different generation.
3. Light the conversation over the lighter topics or if required keep yourself up to date with the recent events happening in the world. Bonus points if you also know about the topics of interest for the other party.
4. Relax and try to enjoy the time together. At the end of the day, both of you would like to know each other better. There can always be some judgement in the equation but with openness and mindful transparency, things should evolve constructively.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the planet Jupiter, tell me what it is made of.
Context: Jupiter's upper atmosphere is about 90% hydrogen and 10% helium by volume. Since helium atoms are more massive than hydrogen molecules, Jupiter's atmosphere is approximately 24% helium by mass. The atmosphere also contains trace amounts of methane, water vapour, ammonia, and silicon-based compounds. There are also fractional amounts of carbon, ethane, hydrogen sulfide, neon, oxygen, phosphine, and sulfur. The outermost layer of the atmosphere contains crystals of frozen ammonia. Through infrared and ultraviolet measurements, trace amounts of benzene and other hydrocarbons have also been found. The interior of Jupiter contains denser materials—by mass it is roughly 71% hydrogen, 24% helium, and 5% other elements.
Response: The planet Jupiter is referred to as a gas giant, because the matter that makes it up is almost entirely in gaseous form. It has no solid form like many of the other planets in our solar system. Jupiter consists primarily of hydrogen and helium. By volume, the hydrogen distribution ranges from 71-90%, while we will find anywhere from 10-24% helium. There are also traces of other materials to be found. These include methane, water vapour, ammonia, silicon-based compounds and others.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of 5 cool starter projects a student new to computer programming could have fun making.
Response: Here are some great starter projects for those learning to code:
1. Conway's Game of Life
2. Rock Paper Scissors
3. Connect 4
4. Choose Your Own Adventure style text-based game
5. Blackjack Simulator
Category: summarization
Instruction: Given the following passage about Theodore Roosevelt, please list the main accomplishments during his presidency.
Context: Roosevelt assumed the presidency at age 42, and remains the youngest person to become president of the United States. As a leader of the progressive movement he championed his "Square Deal" domestic policies. It called for fairness for all citizens, breaking of bad trusts, regulation of railroads, and pure food and drugs. Roosevelt prioritized conservation and established national parks, forests, and monuments to preserve the nation's natural resources. In foreign policy, he focused on Central America, where he began construction of the Panama Canal. Roosevelt expanded the Navy and sent the Great White Fleet on a world tour to project American naval power. His successful efforts to broker the end of the Russo-Japanese War won him the 1906 Nobel Peace Prize, making him the first American to ever win a Nobel Prize. Roosevelt was elected to a full term in 1904 and promoted policies more to the left, despite growing opposition from Republican leaders. During his presidency, he groomed his close ally William Howard Taft to succeed him in the 1908 presidential election.
Response: 1) Championed the breaking of bad trusts, railroad regulation, and pure food and drugs
2) Established national parks, forests, and monuments
3) Began construction of the Panama Canal
4) Expanded the navy
5) Brokered the peace treaty of the Russo-Japanese war
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Name the mathematicians whose stories are the focus of the book Hidden Figures
Context: Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Who Helped Win the Space Race is a 2016 nonfiction book written by Margot Lee Shetterly. Shetterly started working on the book in 2010. The book takes place from the 1930s through the 1960s, depicting the particular barriers for Black women in science during this time, thereby providing a lesser-known history of NASA. The biographical text follows the lives of Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, and Mary Jackson, three mathematicians who worked as computers (then a job description) at NACA and NASA, during the space race. They overcame discrimination there, as women and as African Americans. Also featured is Christine Darden, who was the first African-American woman to be promoted into the Senior Executive Service for her work in researching supersonic flight and sonic booms.

The book reached number one on The New York Times Non-Fiction Best Sellers list and got the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for Nonfiction in 2017. The book was adapted as a film by the same name, released in 2016, that was nominated for three Oscars. It received numerous other awards.
Response: Katherine Johnson, Dorothy Vaughan, Mary Jackson
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What is mitosis
Response: A type of cell division that results in two daughter cells each having the same number and kind of chromosomes as the "parent" chromosome.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the below as food or drinks.
Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple, Lemonade, Coffee, Tea
Response: Food - Fish, Meat, Salad, Apple
Drinks - Lemonade, Coffee, Tea
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are the best golfers of all time?
Response: Golf is a sport that has been around for hundreds of years.  In modern golf (1900 - Present) there have been a few really great players.  In the early half of the 20th century, Bobby Jones from Atlanta, GA was probably the best in the world.  Then Ben Hogan from Texas came along and was another great player.  From there, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods are likely the best since.  Winning major championships is really what defines greatness in golf. Major championships include: The Masters, The US Open, The British Open and the PGA Championship.  Jack Nicklaus holds the record for most majors won.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Why should you get out of your comfort zone?
Response: Being uncomfortable becomes easier when you realize that’s literally the point. It’s like working out. If you work out & it becomes easy for you, you already got all you could out of that workout. Your body adjusted & is strong enough to handle it now. You’re not improving anymore. That’s why you up the ante with harder workouts, where you’re uncomfortable & not quite strong enough yet. Because eventually you will be strong enough. But if it’s not a challenge, there’s no gain and that’s exactly how it is with situations out of your comfort zone. The more you put yourself in them, the easier they get—but that in-between phase where you’re struggling is still completely valid, ok and natural. It’s what’s supposed to happen and it’s what’s going to change you as a person. And you should keep doing it
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are seven different sources of protein that vegetarians can eat?
Response: Yogurt, Milk, Eggs, Tofu, Seitan, Tempeh, Beans
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the three main states of matter and how does it transition between them?
Response: The three main states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Matter consumes energy as it changes state from solid to liquid and liquid to gas. When matter changes from gas to liquid or liquid to solid, it releases energy. Temperature and pressure changes are the key influencers of these state changes.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Wat id DNA annotation?
Response: DNA annotation or genome annotation is the process of identifying the locations of genes and all of the coding regions in a genome and determining what those genes do. An annotation (irrespective of the context) is a note added by way of explanation or commentary. Once a genome is sequenced, it needs to be annotated to make sense of it. Genes in a eukaryotic genome can be annotated using various annotation tools such as FINDER. A modern annotation pipeline can support a user-friendly web interface and software containerization such as MOSGA. Modern annotation pipelines for prokaryotic genomes are Bakta, Prokka and PGAP.

For DNA annotation, a previously unknown sequence representation of genetic material is enriched with information relating genomic position to intron-exon boundaries, regulatory sequences, repeats, gene names and protein products. This annotation is stored in genomic databases such as Mouse Genome Informatics, FlyBase, and WormBase. Educational materials on some aspects of biological annotation from the 2006 Gene Ontology annotation camp and similar events are available at the Gene Ontology website.

The National Center for Biomedical Ontology develops tools for automated annotation of database records based on the textual descriptions of those records.

As a general method, dcGO has an automated procedure for statistically inferring associations between ontology terms and protein domains or combinations of domains from the existing gene/protein-level annotations.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are European countries or names of bands: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd
Response: Some of the elements in that list aren't either European countries or names of bands! The following don't fit in either category: Brazil, South Africa, Canada, China, Orca, Gorillas, Camel.

The following are European countries: Spain, France, Norway, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Portugal

And the bands in the list are: Bee Gees, Coldplay, Green Day, Lamb of God, Maroon 5, Pink Floyd
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How can you put up a painting on a concrete wall
Response: Putting up a painting on a concrete wall requires different tools than a regular wall since traditional screws/nails can't penetrate the surface. One way to get around this is with concrete screws and anchors, or by fastening the painting directly to the wall with mounting tape.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the fifty United States in alphabetical order, as of 2023?
Response: Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following among a country, a continent, both, none:  america, north america, australia, london, india, china
Response: america : none, north america : continent, australia: both, london: none, india : country, china : country, nile : none, vatican city : country, europe : continent, arctic : none
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Are you going for a walk today?
Response: After these last rainy days, I'm definitely going for a walk today! With this sunny weather, staying at home would be a shame!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why are shiba inus the best dogs?
Response: Shiba inus are the best dogs because they are intuitive, smart, independent, affectionate (at times) and easy to train.  They are also the perfect size (moderately compact) and weighs on average 20-25 lbs, making them small enough to carry but sturdy enough to hug.  This makes them great for smaller-sized homes or apartments.  They tend to also be quite friendly to other humans and pets, so it's easy to take them to dog parks, on hikes and to beaches without having to worry about aggression towards humans or other dogs.  

The most important reason -- shiba inus are just unbelievably cute -- they look like foxes, with their prick ears, lush curly tail and thick double coats.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the only two countries in South America that do not touch Brazil?
Response: Chile and Ecuador.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the best way to lose weight?
Response: The best way to lose weight is to be in a calorie deficit. This means that you are consuming less calories than you expend. An easy way to confirm this deficit is to track your calorie intake with a calorie tracking application like MyFitnessPal. This helps you better understand the macronutrient composition (protein, carbohydrates, fat) of your food, and which foods are more calorically dense than others. One gram of protein has 4 calories per gram, one gram of carbohydrate has 4 calories per gram, and one gram of fat has 9 calories per gram. Each food that you consume is either one or a combination of these three macronutrients. It is possible to expend calories to create a larger deficit through exercise. There are many types of exercise, but most types can be categorized as either cardiovascular training or weight training. Both types of exercise are important, as cardiovascular exercises, such as walking, running, and biking, train your heart and burn calories during exercise. Weight-based training involves challenging your muscles with loads in order to make them stronger to handle larger loads and more volume. Weight-based training does not burn as many calories during exercise, however this type of training taxes your muscles so that they need to repair and thus burns more calories throughout the day after your training session. Weight-based training is important for strong muscles, bones, and tendons. The best way to lose weight involves a combination of a calorie-controlled diet, cardiovascular exercise, and weight-based training exercise sustained over a duration of time until you meet your weight goal. Once you meet your goal, it is then important to sustain these good habits and not revert back to the habits and behaviors you were previously engaged in that contributed to your weight gain.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is the sky blue?
Response: All the light in our daytime sky comes from the sun, and our sun produces light in many different colors. To understand this, just think of a prism.  White light enters, and a rainbow of colors exits. Our sun is like that. Its light may seem uniform but it is actually emitting many different colors.

Our sky though is not a mix of blue and red and green because the earth's atmosphere is sandwiched between the sun and us, getting in the way. Atmospheric gases and particles scatter the incoming colors, bouncing them in all different directions.  The amount of scattering increases as the wavelength of light decreases.  Red light which has a long wavelength is scattered much less than blue light which has a short wavelength. As blue is scattered more, it fills our daytime sky.

As the sun traverses the sky and moves low on the horizon, the light that reaches our eyes must actually travel further through the atmosphere.  This has the effect of completely bouncing away all the blue light.  We are left with the reds and yellows and oranges in wonderful mixture, making sunrises and sunsets so beautiful.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some low fat snack options?
Response: popcorn, watermelon, low fat cheese sticks, low fat cottage cheese, apples, grapes, carrots, sugar snap peas, edamame
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between pursue and persuade?
Response: Pursue is to go after something to achieve a means. Persuade is to convince someone to do something.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who designed the St. John the Baptist, Blackrock church?
Context: St. John the Baptist, Blackrock is a Roman Catholic church in the parish of Blackrock, Ireland. The church is still in use and named after the Saint John the Baptist. It is located on Temple Road, Blackrock, County Dublin.

The church was designed by the architect Patrick Byrne, who was educated at the Dublin Society Schools. It is one of the finest examples of the Gothic revival style in Ireland and was the first to be built in the Dublin Archdiocese. It is said to be inspired by the ideas of Augustus Welby Pugin (1812-1852).

The initial building consisted of the nave, chancel and bell tower. To the rear of the church, two carved heads can be seen up high on either side of the rose window. The head on the left depicts St. John the Baptist, while the head on the right depicts the Archbishop Daniel Murray.
Response: Patrick Byrne
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some examples of fruit that are not common in American grocery stores?
Response: Fruits that are typically not found in American grocery stores include jackfruit, longan, durian, snake fruit, lychees, rambutan, and mamey sapote.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is Kefir?
Response: Kefir is a fermented drink made of milk. It is typically made by placing kefir grains in the milk of cows, goats or sheep, and leaving it to ferment overnight at room temperature. Originally from the North Caucasus, it is now popular across many regions in Eastern Europe.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some modes of transportation I can use to travel downtown?
Response: It depends on what city you are in. In general, the following modes of transportation are available in most downtowns:

- Taxi/Rideshare
- Bus
- Bicycle rental
- Scooter rental
- Moped rental
- Pedicab
- Walking
Category: open_qa
Instruction: how is yogurt made?
Response: Yogurt is made from heating milk, and before milk can be made into yogurt the whey has to be removed from it.  You add a certain bacteria to it, and then it starts to coagulate into yogurt.  The bacteria that are added to the milk to turn it to yogurt at Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus.  After the yogurt is made sugar may be added to make it a specific flavor like chocolate or vanilla.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Write down some key points for the poem Garshasp-nama based on the given text.
Context: The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73). It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him). The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak. Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun). Jamshid flees again to China. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson.
Response: 1. The Garshasp-nama is an epic poem by Asadi Tusi (died 1072/73).
2. It has been described as one of the best epic poems in Persian literature, comparable to Shahnameh, by Ferdowsi, and the most important work of Asadi Tusi.
3. Asadi Tusi completed the poem in 1066 and dedicated it to a certain Abu Dulaf, the ruler of Nakhjavan (nothing is known about him).
4. The poem has also been translated to other languages such as French and German. 
5. It seems that Asadi Tusi wrote this poem based on a written source.
6. Like the Shahnameh, it contains few Arabic loan-words and consists of some 9,000 verses.
7. The main hero of this epic poem is Garshasp, the son of Etret, and grandson of Sām.
8. The poem begins with the story of Jamshid and Zahhak.
9.  Jamshid is overthrown by Zahhak and flees to Zabolistan. In Zabolistan, Jamshid falls in love with an unnamed daughter of Kurang, the king of Zabolistan, and she bore a child for Jamshid, named Tur (not to be confused with Tur, the son of Freydun).
10. Jamshid flees again to China.
11. Garshasp is actually the grandson of Tur's grandson.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Does Spark require modified versions of Scala or Python?
Response: No. Spark requires no changes to Scala or compiler plugins. The Python API uses the standard CPython implementation, and can call into existing C libraries for Python such as NumPy.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the first human to walk on the moon?
Response: Neil Armstrong was the first human to set foot on the moon.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize disruptive innovation in two paragraphs
Context: disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances.The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. 

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations
Response: In business theory, disruptive innovation is innovation that creates a new market and value network or enters at the bottom of an existing market and eventually displaces established market-leading firms, products, and alliances. The concept was developed by the American academic Clayton Christensen and his collaborators beginning in 1995,[full citation needed] and has been called the most influential business idea of the early 21st century. Lingfei Wu, Dashun Wang, and James A. Evans generalized this term to identify disruptive science and technological advances from more than 65 million papers, patents and software products that span the period 1954–2014. Their work was featured as the cover of the February 2019 issue of Nature  and was included among the Altmetric 100 most-discussed work in 2019.

Not all innovations are disruptive, even if they are revolutionary. For example, the first automobiles in the late 19th century were not a disruptive innovation, because early automobiles were expensive luxury items that did not disrupt the market for horse-drawn vehicles. The market for transportation essentially remained intact until the debut of the lower-priced Ford Model T in 1908. The mass-produced automobile was a disruptive innovation, because it changed the transportation market, whereas the first thirty years of automobiles did not.

Disruptive innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and entrepreneurs in startups, rather than existing market-leading companies. The business environment of market leaders does not allow them to pursue disruptive innovations when they first arise, because they are not profitable enough at first and because their development can take scarce resources away from sustaining innovations (which are needed to compete against current competition). Small teams are more likely to create disruptive innovations than large teams. A disruptive process can take longer to develop than by the conventional approach and the risk associated to it is higher than the other more incremental, architectural or evolutionary forms of innovations, but once it is deployed in the market, it achieves a much faster penetration and higher degree of impact on the established markets.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Apache Spark?
Response: Apache Spark is a multi-language engine for executing data engineering, data science, and machine learning on single-node machines or clusters.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Why are the Blasket Islands no longer inhabited?
Context: The Blasket Islands (Irish: Na Blascaodaí) are an uninhabited group of islands off the west coast of the Dingle Peninsula in County Kerry, Ireland. The last island to hold a significant population, Great Blasket Island, was abandoned in 1954 due to population decline and is best known for a number of gifted Irish language writers who vividly described their way of life and who kept alive old Irish folk tales of the land.

The islands were inhabited until 1954 by a completely Irish-speaking population and today are part of the Gaeltacht. At its peak, the islands had 175 residents. The population declined to 22 by 1953. The government evacuated most of the remaining residents to the mainland on 17 November 1953 because of increasingly extreme winter weather that left the island's ageing population cut off from emergency services. The evacuation was seen as necessary by both the Islanders and the government. The Ó Suilleabháin family were reluctant to leave, and became the final family to depart Great Blasket Island in 1954.
Response: The Blasket Islands population declined over time. The rationale for evacuating the last of residents was the concern that emergency services would not be available in the event of extreme winter weather.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a water hammer?
Response: Water hammer is the often counterintuitive result of stopping water that is in motion in a fluid system; the collective momentum of the water acts as a "hammer" and can create a high-pressure shockwave that damages, or destroys piping, valves, or equipment.

For example, it may be easy to close a water valve. Yet moments later it might explode from the sudden pressure of all the "upstream" water being forced to stop.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Dill Records, tell me when the group made CDs and who started the record label.
Context: Dill Records was a small punk rock/ska record label based out of Monte Sereno, California, that put out CDs/records from 1989-1998. The name is an allusion to initially the label's only band, Skankin' Pickle. The record label was started by Mike Park, a.k.a. Bruce Lee of Skankin' Pickle. The first other band with a release on Dill Records was the Tantra Monsters (Dill 006) in 1994. After the breakup of Skankin' Pickle, Mike Park continued releasing records, beginning the label Asian Man Records in 1996. Asian Man and Dill Records coexisted until 1998. Asian Man re-released many albums originally released by Dill Records, as all releases are now out of print and Dill Records is no longer in operation.
Response: Dill Records was started by Mike Park and made CDs from 1989 to 1998.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where is the Porce III Dam
Context: The Porce III Dam is an embankment dam on the Porce River 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Medellín in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The dam was constructed between 2004 and 2011 for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation.

Background
Between 1974 and 1976, hydrological studies were carried out on the Porce River and between 1982 and 1983, studies regarding the river's hydroelectric development were completed. The study recommended the five projects, Porce I, Porce II, Porce III, Porce IV and Ermitaño. In December 1984, the feasibility report for Porce III was submitted and complementary studies were carried out between 1986 and 1996. In 2002, the design and consultancy contracts were awarded along with the environmental license issued. In 2004, construction on the dam began and the river was diverted by 2007. By 2010, the dam began to impound the reservoir and was complete by 2010. Between 2011, all four generators were commissioned.
Response: The Porce III Dam is an embankment dam on the Porce River 90 kilometres (56 mi) northeast of Medellín in Antioquia Department, Colombia. The dam was constructed between 2004 and 2011 for the primary purpose of hydroelectric power generation.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please give a simple list of reasons that extraterrestrial intelligence may not exist or is very rare
Context: Those who think that intelligent extraterrestrial life is (nearly) impossible argue that the conditions needed for the evolution of life—or at least the evolution of biological complexity—are rare or even unique to Earth. Under this assumption, called the rare Earth hypothesis, a rejection of the mediocrity principle, complex multicellular life is regarded as exceedingly unusual.

The rare Earth hypothesis argues that the evolution of biological complexity requires a host of fortuitous circumstances, such as a galactic habitable zone, a star and planet(s) having the requisite conditions, such as enough of a continuous habitable zone, the advantage of a giant guardian like Jupiter and a large moon, conditions needed to ensure the planet has a magnetosphere and plate tectonics, the chemistry of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and oceans, the role of "evolutionary pumps" such as massive glaciation and rare bolide impacts. And perhaps most importantly, advanced life needs whatever it was that led to the transition of (some) prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion.

In his book Wonderful Life (1989), Stephen Jay Gould suggested that if the "tape of life" were rewound to the time of the Cambrian explosion, and one or two tweaks made, human beings most probably never would have evolved. Other thinkers such as Fontana, Buss, and Kauffman have written about the self-organizing properties of life.
Response: Conditions that evolved intelligent life on planet Earth may be exceedingly rare in the Universe. These reasons for that are speculated to be:
1. The solar system is in a safe location within its galaxy.
2. The location of the earth relative to the sun and other planets in the solar system gives it protection from extreme environmental conditions that would prevent life from occurring.
3. The steps that led to advanced life forms (prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells, sexual reproduction and the Cambrian explosion) may be very unlikely to occur.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How would you go about a planning a backpacking trip into the Grand Canyon National Park.
Response: Suppose you wish to camp anywhere in the park other than in developed campgrounds on the North or South Rim. In that case, you must obtain a permit from the Backcountry Information Center. Camping sites are limited in the Grand Canyon, and spots are issued four months before a given month. E.g., For January, permit applications should be submitted between Aug 20 and Sep 1 to be considered "earliest requested."
For requests received during the Earliest Consideration period, the day received does not matter; all Earliest Consideration requests received during this span of dates are treated the same. It may take Rangers up to three weeks to process all Earliest Consideration requests.
Subsequent Requests: Once all Earliest Consideration requests are processed, Rangers will begin processing written requests received on subsequent dates. These Subsequent Requests are kept and considered in the order received. Submissions will be accepted as late as two weeks before a hike start date.
 
If your permit request is selected, you must diligently plan your trip. You will need to carry everything you need for the duration of your journey with you except for water which is few and far between. Know where the water sources are on your route and carry filtration devices, water purification equipment, and backup equipment. The hotter the trip, the more water you will require. Have a plan for where the necessary water will be on your route, and double-check with the park service ahead of time that water is still there. Dehydration is the number one reason for rescue and death in the canyon. Some springs dry up in the summer months.
 
Travel as light as possible; you must pack everything you bring into the canyon, including used toilet paper.    Plan each meal, knowing how much calories and water you consume based on your planned exertion level. Calorie and water requirements also change based on temperature (the hotter the day, the more water and food you will need). Also, make sure you have the appropriate gear based on temperatures. It is approximately 20 degrees cooler at the top of the canyon than at the bottom because there is a 5000 feet vertical difference at the South Rim and 6000 at the North Rim. Ensure your footwear is "broken in", and carry first-aid kits with particular attention to foot care, such as blister pads and moleskin.   
 
Start with shorter, more leisurely trips; if you like them, move up to more adventurous multi-day trips. Plan on rest days when you can enjoy the majestic scenery of one of the world's natural wonders. Above all, enjoy the canyon; it's a magical place 6 million years in the making that exposes geology over 4 billion years old.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Tell me some important points about AICF from the given passage.
Context: The All India Carrom Federation (AICF) (Hindi: अखिल भारतीय कैरम फेडरेशन) is India's national sport federation for the indigenous game of carrom, sanctioning six to seven national-level tournaments per year. It is India's representative body in the International Carrom Federation. The AICF has 15 regional and 28 state subnational affiliate institutions, the largest of which is the Maharashtra Carrom Association, further subdivided into local organisations.
Response: 1. India's national sports federation for the traditional game of carrom, the All India Carrom Federation (AICF), annually approves six to seven national-level competitions.
2. It serves as the International Carrom Federation's representative for India.
3. The AICF has 28 state-level affiliate institutions, 15 regional affiliate institutions, and 15 local affiliate institutions, the largest of which is the Maharashtra Carrom Association.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the founder of Vanguard?
Response: John C. Bogle
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is impala?
Response: The impala or rooibok is a medium-sized antelope found in eastern and southern Africa.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What should you do in a zombie apocalypse?
Response: Here are a few things you could do to stay safe in a zombie apocalypse:
1. Get a weapon
2. Grab a bunch of food
3. Get away from other people
4. Find a safe shelter
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as names of Pokemon or pop music groups: ABBA, Moltres, Pikachu, Eagles, *NSYNC, TLC, Vaporeon, Snorlax, i5, Dream, Blondie, Charizard, Charmander, Fleetwood Mac
Response: Pokemon: Moltres, Pikachu, Vaporeon, Snorlax, Charizard, Charmander
Pop music groups: ABBA, Eagles, TLC, i5, Dream, Blondie, Fleetwood Mac
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was one of the best hip hop groups of the late 90s
Response: TLC was one of the most famous girl groups with major success around songs such as waterfalls, no scrubs & unpretty
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the status of Sam Bankman-Fried?
Response: Sam Bankman-Fried created the cryptocurrency exchange FTX and the associated trading firm Alameda Research. He was charged with eight criminal charges for offenses including wire fraud, commodities fraud, securities fraud, money laundering, and campaign finance law violations by the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. On December 12, 2022, Bankman-Fried was arrested in the Bahamas and was subsequently extradited to the United States. On December 22, Bankman-Fried was released on a $250 million bond cosigned by his parents, both Stanford law professors, on condition that he reside at his parents' home in California.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many times have the Boston Celtics won the NBA championship?
Response: The Celtics have won 17 NBA championships.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who wrote the book that the TV show Shantaram is based on?
Context: Some types of oysters are commonly consumed (cooked or raw), and in some locales are regarded as a delicacy. Some types of pearl oysters are harvested for the pearl produced within the mantle. Windowpane oysters are harvested for their translucent shells, which are used to make various kinds of decorative objects.
Response: Gregory David Roberts wrote the novel Shantaram.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why does it get hotter in the summer?
Response: During summer, the northern hemisphere tilts towards the Sun. As a result, the Sun shines longer in the summer, and the longer it shines, the hotter it gets. At this time southern hemisphere has winter. Then things swap six months later when the bottom half is closer to the Sun.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What athlete created the 'beast quake' for the Seattle Seahawks?
Response: Marshan Lynch
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Doctor Strange, Dr. Fate
Response: Dr. Fate is DC, Doctor Strange is Marvel
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Provide a 10-step flow for a heterosexual couple's non-religious wedding ceremony.
Response: 1) Bride walks down the aisle
2) Officiant welcomes everyone
3) Officiant thanks the bride and groom's parents and all attendees for being there
4) Officiant recognizes family members who have passed away or could not attend
5) Officiant shares a quick history and their experience with the bride and groom
6) Family member or friend shares a non-religious reading, such as a poem or excerpt from a novel
7) Bride and groom exchange vows
8) Bride and groom exchange rings
9) Officiant introduces the bride and groom as husband and wife ("you may kiss the bride!")
10) Bride and groom exit, walking back down the aisle, followed by bridal party
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are important elements to consider when putting together a team to execute your operating model for AI?
Response: When building the right team to execute on your operating model for AI it is key to take into account the following elements:

1) How mature is my data foundation: Whether your data is still in silos, stuck in proprietary formats or difficult to access in a unified way will have big implications on the amount of data engineering work and data platform expertise that is required.

2) Infrastructure and platform administration: Whether you need to maintain or leverage as a service offerings can have a huge impact on your overall team composition. Moreover, if your Data and AI platform is made up of multiple services and components the administrative burden of governing and securing data and users and keeping all parts working together can be overwhelming especially at enterprise scale.

3) MLOps: To make the most of AI you need to be able to use it to impact your business. Hiring a full data science team without having the right ML engineering expertise or the right tools to package, test, deploy and monitor is extremely wasteful. There are several steps that go into running effective end-to-end AI applications and your operating model should reflect that in the roles that are involved and in the way model lifecycle management is executed from use case identification, to development to deployment, and perhaps most importantly utilisation.  

These three dimensions should inform your focus and the roles that should be part of your development team. Over time, the prevalence of certain roles might shift as your organisation matures along these dimensions and on the platform decisions that you make.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best way to get back in shape when over 50 years of age?
Response: Experts recommend some sort of activity, at least 30 minutes a day. One can start walking, rowing, going to the gym, running or do high intensity interval training (HIIT), but not recommended if just starting again after a long time without exercising. It is recommended to set small goals and increase them over time.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which city are Stroopwafels from?
Response: Stroopwafels are a type of Dutch waffle-like cake made with ground or shredded wheat and a variety of fillings. They are most commonly found in the city of Haarlem, Netherlands.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the primary cause of rain?
Response: The primary cause of rain is when water condenses in a cloud and gets heavy enough to fall.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When was "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" released?
Context: "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" is a 1973 hit single by the English progressive rock band the Moody Blues, written by the band's bassist, John Lodge. It was first released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973, with "For My Lady" as its B-side. It was the second single released from Seventh Sojourn, with the first being "Isn't Life Strange", which was also written by Lodge.

The song reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US, becoming one of their highest-charting hits in that country, but fared less well in their native UK, where it managed number 36. It was also the final single released by the Moody Blues prior to their five-year hiatus, which was agreed upon so each of the band members could pursue their own solo careers. Their next single would not be until 1978, with "Steppin' in a Slide Zone".
Response: "I'm Just a Singer (In a Rock and Roll Band)" was originally released in 1972 as the final track on the album Seventh Sojourn and was later released as a single in 1973.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, when was OPEC founded and how do economists describe OPEC's power over oil markets?
Context: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximise profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. As of September 2018, the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called "Seven Sisters" grouping of multinational oil companies.

The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil prices and in the revenue and wealth of OPEC, with long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the global economy. In the 1980s, OPEC began setting production targets for its member nations; generally, when the targets are reduced, oil prices increase. This has occurred most recently from the organization's 2008 and 2016 decisions to trim oversupply.

Economists have characterized OPEC as a textbook example of a cartel that cooperates to reduce market competition, but one whose consultations are protected by the doctrine of state immunity under international law. In the 1960s and 1970s, OPEC successfully restructured the global oil production system so that decision-making authority and the vast majority of profits is in the hands of oil-producing countries. Since the 1980s, OPEC has had a limited impact on world oil supply and price stability, as there is frequent cheating by members on their commitments to one another, and as member commitments reflect what they would do even in the absence of OPEC.

Current OPEC members are Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. Meanwhile, Ecuador, Indonesia and Qatar are former OPEC members. A larger group called OPEC+ was formed in late 2016 to have more control on the global crude oil market.
Response: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) was founded on September 14, 1960.  Economists describe OPEC as a cartel that limits free market competition by setting production quotas for its members. The impact of OPEC's supply quotas are most acute during times of war or civil disorder when crude oil supplies are already restricted. Cheating by member nations dilutes the power of OPEC over oil supply and prices.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the art of command
Response: It is the art of influencing human behavior in order to achieve the objective assigned by the superior.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the first name of the man Evershed crater was named after?
Context: Evershed is a lunar impact crater on the far side of the Moon, named after the English solar astronomer John Evershed. It is located to the northeast of the larger crater Cockcroft, and to the north of the smaller Van den Bergh.
Response: John
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the follow as a Movie or TV Show: Friends, The Office, Departed, The Town, Breaking Bad, Braveheart
Response: Shows: Friends, The Office and Breaking Bad Movies: Departed, The Town and Braveheart
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many episodes in season one of Game of Thrones did Tim Van Patten direct?
Response: Tim Van Patten directed the first two episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: Winter is Coming and The Kingsroad.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a mobile phone?
Response: A mobile phone is a device that lets the world (e.g. people, companies, friends, and family) stay in contact with each other.  They other capability such as text messaging, internet browsing, watching movies, reading news, navigation, and taking photos.  They service a core component in everyday living similar to refrigerators and microwaves.  They also serve as a way for people to interact with different social media platforms and entertainment.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the total product revenue and % YoY growth using format: {$x} product revenue with {x%} YoY growth

Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth
Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth
7,828 total customers
Net revenue retention rate of 158%
330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million
Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program
Response: $555.3m product revenue with 54% YoY growth
Category: classification
Instruction: Segregate the below words as palindrome or not.
kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon, taste, bait, not, built
Response: Palindrome - kayak, deified, rotator, repaper, deed, peep, wow, noon
Not a palindrome - taste, bait, not, built
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a polygon?
Response: A polygon is a form in Geometry.  It is a single dimensional plane made of connecting lines and any number of vertices.  It is a closed chain of connected line segments or edges.  The vertices of the polygon are formed where two edges meet.  Examples of polygons are hexagons, pentagons, and octagons.  Any plane that does not contain edges or vertices is not a polygon.  An example of a non-polygon is a circle.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: how does the water cycle work?
Response: The water cycle has no starting point, but the oceans seem to be a good starting point. The sun warms the water in the oceans; it evaporates into the air. Rising air currents carry the vapour into the atmosphere, where the lower temperatures cause the vapour to condense into clouds.