fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: general_qa
Instruction: In which medium does sound travel faster and why
Response: Sound travels faster in solids because molecules in a solid medium are much closer together than those in a liquid or gas, which makes the sound travel faster. Sound waves travel over 17 times faster through steel than air.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Puppy or Pupfish
Response: Pupfish
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Jack Kerouac, tell me where he was raised, what was his most famous book, when was that book published, and which movement was he a part of?
Context: Of French-Canadian ancestry, Kerouac was raised in a French-speaking home in Lowell, Massachusetts. He "learned English at age six and spoke with a marked accent into his late teens." During World War II, he served in the United States Merchant Marine; he completed his first novel at the time, which was published more than 40 years after his death. His first published book was The Town and the City (1950), and he achieved widespread fame and notoriety with his second, On the Road, in 1957. It made him a beat icon, and he went on to publish 12 more novels and numerous poetry volumes.

Kerouac is recognized for his style of spontaneous prose. Thematically, his work covers topics such as his Catholic spirituality, jazz, travel, promiscuity, life in New York City, Buddhism, drugs, and poverty. He became an underground celebrity and, with other Beats, a progenitor of the hippie movement, although he remained antagonistic toward some of its politically radical elements. He has a lasting legacy, greatly influencing many of the cultural icons of the 1960s, including Bob Dylan, the Beatles, Jerry Garcia and the Doors.

In 1969, at the age of 47, Kerouac died from an abdominal hemorrhage caused by a lifetime of heavy drinking. Since then, his literary prestige has grown, and several previously unseen works have been published.
Response: Jack Kerouac raised in Lowell, Massachusetts. He most famous book, On the Road, was published in 1957. He was a member of the Beats.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a derivative in finance?
Response: In finance, a derivative is a contract that derives its value from the performance of an underlying entity. This underlying entity can be an asset, index, or interest rate, and is often simply called the "underlying". Derivatives can be used for a number of purposes, including insuring against price movements (hedging), increasing exposure to price movements for speculation, or getting access to otherwise hard-to-trade assets or markets.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What does Pinot noir mean?
Context: Pinot noir (French: [pino nwaʁ]) is a red-wine grape variety of the species Vitis vinifera. The name may also refer to wines created predominantly from pinot noir grapes. The name is derived from the French words for pine and black. The word pine alludes to the grape variety having tightly clustered, pinecone–shaped bunches of fruit.
Response: Pinot noir is a red-wine grape.  The name is a combination of the two french words for pine and black.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following countries as Middle Eastern or Central American: Afghanistan, Iraq, Syria, Nicaragua, Honduras, El Salvador
Response: Afghanistan: Middle Eastern
Iraq: Middle Eastern
Syria: Middle Eastern
Nicaragua: Central American
Honduras: Central American
El Salvador: Central American
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Hedgehog, Sea-monkey
Response: Hedgehog is domesticated, Sea-monkey is wild.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: List 10 highest-grossing actors in the world.
Context: The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.
Response: The following are non-definitive lists of the actors with the highest career-film grosses. There are box-office gross revenue lists, which are not adjusted for inflation, as well as lists for the number of box-office ticket sales. Because of the long-term effects of inflation on movie theater ticket prices, a list unadjusted for inflation gives far more weight to later actors. Therefore, the gross revenue lists are largely meaningless for comparing acting careers widely separated in time, as many actors from earlier eras will never appear on a modern unadjusted list, despite their films' achieving higher commercial success when adjusted for price increases.

Lead roles
This list only includes leading roles and lead ensemble roles, including voice acting. The list is updated as of 12 January 2023.

Rank	Actor	Worldwide total	Top-grossing film	Films	Average
1	Scarlett Johansson	$14,519,031,650	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	33	$439,970,656
2	Robert Downey Jr.	$14,393,065,668	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	43	$334,722,457
3	Samuel L. Jackson	$14,376,505,937	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	64	$224,632,905
4	Zoe Saldaña	$12,805,874,340	Avatar ($2,899,384,102)	30	$426,862,478
5	Chris Hemsworth	$11,958,567,765	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	25	$478,342,711
6	Chris Pratt	$11,742,796,476	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	23	$510,556,369
7	Tom Cruise	$11,547,725,996	Top Gun: Maverick ($1,487,575,965)	43	$268,551,767
8	Chris Evans	$11,277,890,989	Avengers: Endgame ($2,794,731,755)	29	$388,892,793
9	Tom Hanks	$10,704,310,520	Toy Story 4 ($1,073,064,540)	55	$194,623,828
10	Vin Diesel	$10,537,096,327	Avengers: Infinity War ($2,048,359,754)	27	$390,262,827
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what type of economy is China?
Response: mixed economy: the socialist market economy (SME) is the economic system and model of economic development employed in the People's Republic of China
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is alternative rock?
Context: Alternative rock (also known as alternative music, alt-rock, or simply alternative) is a category of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1970s and became widely popular in the 1990s. "Alternative" refers to the genre's distinction from mainstream or commercial rock or pop music. The term's original meaning was broader, referring to musicians influenced by the musical style or independent, DIY ethos of late-1970s punk rock.Traditionally, alternative rock varied in terms of its sound, social context, and regional roots. Throughout the 1980s, magazines and zines, college radio airplay, and word of mouth had increased the prominence and highlighted the diversity of alternative rock's distinct styles (and music scenes), such as noise pop, indie rock, grunge, and shoegaze. In September 1988, Billboard introduced "alternative" into their charting system to reflect the rise of the format across radio stations in the United States by stations like KROQ-FM in Los Angeles and WDRE-FM in New York, which were playing music from more underground, independent, and non-commercial rock artists.
Response: Alternate rock is a form of rock music popularized in the early 1990s. It was formed to distinguish itself as an "Alternative" to commercial rock and pop music. Artists that fell into this category were more underground and had smaller independent record labels. Most artists were first heard on college radio stations or by word of mouth. In 1988, the genre was officially used by Billboard to accurately chart the rise of this new style being played by radio stations.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why was the show Seinfeld so popular?
Response: Seinfeld was popular because it was a comedy that tackled everyday issues in a relatable and humorous way. The characters and storylines were very realistic and had a wide range of topics to explore, from relationships to social issues to mundane topics like New York City traffic. The show also had a strong ensemble cast that included Jerry Seinfeld, Elaine Benes, George Costanza, and the rest of the main characters. The show was also known for its witty dialogue, memorable catch phrases, and attention to detail in the writing.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Game of Thrones episode does Arya go blind?
Response: Arya goes temporarily blind in the last episode of season 5, entitled "Mother's Mercy"
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why is the indictment of a former President such a divisive topic in the United States?
Response: You need to look at both the micro and macro implications to fully understand this topic. The micro implications are very specific to the case(s) being brought and therefore won't be covered here. The key macro implication of indicting a former President is the risk that the criminal justice system becomes a tool to persecute political opponents (former, current OR potential) by whichever person or party is in power. There are several examples of this in other countries throughout history. That being said, there are just as many examples of countries indicting former presidents without any sign of abuse. In fact, it can be an important part of the "checks and balances" of a democracy (see France, South Korea, etc.) One of the factors you can look at when determining if the justice system is being abused or not is the number of cases/indictments being brought against the former head of government. When the number of cases is low, there is a higher likelihood of abuse. But when the number of cases is high and for a diverse number of reasons, the likelihood of abuse is lower.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Given the lineage of this historical military aircraft, when was the Avro Arrow first flown and what were the operating characteristics of that flight?
Context: The Avro Canada CF-105 Arrow was a delta-winged interceptor aircraft designed and built by Avro Canada. The CF-105 held the promise of Mach 2 speeds at altitudes exceeding 50,000 feet (15,000 m) and was intended to serve as the Royal Canadian Air Force's (RCAF) primary interceptor into the 1960s and beyond.

The Arrow was the culmination of a series of design studies begun in 1953 that examined improved versions of the Avro Canada CF-100 Canuck. After considerable study, the RCAF selected a dramatically more powerful design, and serious development began in March 1955. The aircraft was intended to be built directly from the production line, skipping the traditional hand-built prototype phase. The first Arrow Mk. 1, RL-201, was rolled out to the public on 4 October 1957, the same day as the launch of Sputnik I.

Flight testing began with RL-201 on 25 March 1958, and the design quickly demonstrated excellent handling and overall performance, reaching Mach 1.9 in level flight. Powered by the Pratt & Whitney J75, another four Mk. 1s were completed, RL-202, RL-203, RL-204 and RL-205. The lighter and more powerful Orenda Iroquois engine was soon ready for testing, and the first Mk 2 with the Iroquois, RL-206, was ready for taxi testing in preparation for flight and acceptance tests by RCAF pilots by early 1959.
Response: The Avro Canada RL-201 Arrow was first flown in a test flight on March 25, 1958. During that flight, handling and performance proved excellent and the aircraft reached speeds of up to Mach 1.9 in level flight.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me the details of Ezekiel's Temple
Context: Features of the temple are described in detail in the book of Ezekiel, in the form of a vision given to the prophet. Physical characteristics of the multi-level wood-panelled structure such as gateways, outer and inner courts, side chambers and vestibules, archways, doors, windows, sanctuary and altar are described. Some furnishings are described. Details of decoration are given, for example cherubim and palm trees carved on the doors and walls. The purposes of the side chambers are given, for example, for robing of the priests, for consumption of the flesh of sacrifices by the priests, and for singers. Dimensions are given based on the cubit.
Response: The biblical book of Ezekiel includes a description of a temple structure, with specific details regarding materials used such as wood, architectural features such as archways and gateways, and interior features such as the inclusion of an altar.  Dimensions and decorative details such as natural carvings are also included in the description.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some of Whitney Houston's top hits?
Response: Whitney Houston had many top hits including but not limited to: 
- I'm Your Baby Tonight
- How Will I Know
- I Have Nothing
- I'm Every Woman
- I Will Always Love You
- I Wanna Dance With Somebody
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How do you treat a dog diarrhea
Response: You can treat a dog diarrhea by letting the dog skip one meal and give ground turkey and rice plus one packet of probiotics to the dog. You can add some veggie if you see improvement.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which TV show from the 80s and 90s features a bar owned by a former baseball player?
Response: Cheers
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following as a 'Country', 'State' or 'City': California, Sacramento, Chicago, Singapore, New Delhi, London, Tennessee, New York
Response: California: State
Sacramento: City 
Chicago: City
Singapore: Both Country and City
New Delhi: City
London: City
Tennessee: City
New York: Both State and City
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these sports are played on grass or ice: figure skating, hockey, football, soccer, curling
Response: Figure Skating: Ice
Hockey: Ice
Football: Grass
Soccer: Grass
Curling: Ice
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: write a short essay on murals in jersey city
Response: Jersey City is known for its vibrant street art scene, with murals adorning walls throughout the city. These murals not only add beauty and character to the city, but also serve as a form of public art that is accessible to everyone.

The murals in Jersey City come in all shapes and sizes, with a variety of themes and styles. Some feature colorful abstract designs, while others depict realistic images of people, animals, and landscapes. Many of the murals also incorporate social and political messages, addressing issues such as social justice, inequality, and the environment.

One of the most famous murals in Jersey City is the "Sixth Borough" mural, which depicts the city as a mythical sixth borough of New York City. This mural, which covers an entire building, has become an iconic symbol of Jersey City's identity and sense of community.

The murals in Jersey City are created by a diverse group of artists, both local and international. Some are commissioned by the city or private businesses, while others are created by artists who are drawn to the city's thriving street art scene. Many of the murals are created as part of organized events, such as the annual Jersey City Mural Festival, which brings together artists from around the world to create new works throughout the city.

The murals in Jersey City are not only beautiful and inspiring, but also serve as a reflection of the city's culture, history, and values. They are a testament to the power of art to bring people together, to inspire change, and to make the world a more beautiful and meaningful place.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which season is associated with each of these items: flowers, snowflakes, leaves falling, beaches
Response: flowers: spring, snowflakes: winter, leaves falling: autumn, beaches: summer
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is self advocacy?
Response: Self advocacy is a process in which a person themselves or asks another individual, group, or community to discuss or publish the benefits of what that person has done with others that have external influence to benefit the original person seeking self-advocacy.  Self advocacy works well in corporate environments and is a behavior in start-up companies that does not make an impact on performance, ranking or promotion.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is it better to ski or snowboard?
Response: This depends on individual preference. Most people find skiing easier to pick up, so if you are a beginner to snow sports, skiing might be an excellent place to start. There are more skiers than snowboarders, so that some people might choose skiing for that reason. Additionally, there are ski-only resorts for skiers to visit but no snowboarder-only resorts, which gives people who ski a broader pool of mountains to visit. Snowboarders might say snowboarding is better because snowboard boots are more comfortable and easier to walk in.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who designed the current Indian flag?
Response: The current Indian flag was designed by Pingali Venkayya. It is based on the Swaraj flag, a flag of the Indian National Congress party.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a dplyr statement takes a dataframe, filters it by the tastiness string column for "super awesome" then creates a new column called pct_sugar that takes the total_sugar metric and divides it by mass
Response: library(dplyr)

dataframe %>%
    filter(tastiness == "super awesome") %>%
    mutate(pct_sugar, total_sugar/mass)
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Cindy Robinson?
Context: Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress who voices in animations and video games. Some of her major roles are Makoto Nanaya and Gii from the Blazblue series, Betty Boop in commercials, Queen Beryl in Sailor Moon, Chitose Nanbu in Ah My Buddha, Kukaku Shiba, Miyako Shiba, Jinta Hanakari (kid) and Kiyone Kotetsu in Bleach, Zola in the Blue Dragon series, Madeline Hatter in "Ever After High" Minerva and Hinoka in Fire Emblem. She also makes an uncredited appearance as the voice of the Purge Emergency Broadcast System in The Purge franchise.

Robinson is best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.
Response: Cindy Robinson is an American voice actress best known for her role as Amy Rose in the Sonic the Hedgehog franchise since 2010.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the reasons why quantum theory is considered do difficult to understand
Response: 1. There is not one agreed set of basic rules (axioms) that underpin the theory and each has subtle implications on how you interpret the theory
2. For each of those there are multiple views and mathematical frameworks for describing the theory (e.g. the wave mechanics, field theories, etc)
3. The mathematical theories are all at an advanced level and few examples of how to actually apply them appear in text books.
4. The theory itself says that you cannot know the intermediate steps in any quantum process, you can know where you start and predict where you might end up but not how you get form one to the other.
5. The theory is based on either infinitely parallel actions occurring deterministically or statistical interpretation of a range of outcomes
6. All of these interactions occur without direct reference to space/time and so are in abstract spaces that need to be decided for the calculation and physically interpreted
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Make a poem about color and style
Response: Why is the sky blue? It makes me sad
A new color wouldn't be so bad

I change it to yellow.
That will surely make me a jolly good fellow.

Why is the grass green?
It looks and dirty and mean

It should be pink
That will make people think

I look at the trees
With nests full of bees

The trunk is brown
That makes me frown

Purple would look best
It would be different from the rest

I admire the newly colored town
No sad colors like blue or brown

People stare at me
They all disagree

"Change it back!" They say
"We want it to look how it was yesterday"

"It may not be to your liking but that's how it goes"
They are right I suppose

 I change it to how it was before
They all like that more

I realize it's okay
It looks perfect this way
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the only three ingredients to make authentic Chantilly cream?
Response: Cream (containing at least 30% fat), icing sugar, and vanilla
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How many members will NATO have once Finland and Sweden join the organization?
Context: NATO formed with twelve founding members and has added new members eight times, most recently when North Macedonia joined the alliance in March 2020. Following the acceptance of their applications for membership in June 2022, Finland and Sweden are anticipated to become the 31st and 32nd members, with their Accession Protocols to the North Atlantic Treaty now in the process of being ratified by the existing members. In addition, NATO currently recognizes Bosnia and Herzegovina, Georgia, and Ukraine as aspiring members. Enlargement has led to tensions with non-member Russia, one of the twenty additional countries participating in NATO's Partnership for Peace programme. Another nineteen countries are involved in institutionalized dialogue programmes with NATO.
Response: 32
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is it important to hug your child?
Response: Hugs can help your child grow a healthy brain and body.
Infants, toddlers, and preschoolers need many different types of sensory stimulation for development. Skin contact or physical touch, like hugging and holding, are great ways to help your child grow a healthy brain and a strong body.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List a few interesting ways to make a plant based Alfredo sauce.
Response: Some of the keys ways that can vegan-ize an Alfredo sauce are:
1. Use cauliflower: Blanching and making a purée of a cauliflower can make a silky smooth  white sauce that can easily replace the daily based Alfredo. 
2. Use Tofu: silken tofu can be blended to make a white Alfredo sauce. 
3. Use Cashews: overnight soaked cashews can be blended to replace the dairy Alfredo with a plant based Alfredo 
4. Use plant based milk: almond milk can replace dairy milk in the recipe of a traditional Alfredo sauce.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of all the planets in our solar system.
Response: The planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Cat, Bubal hartebeest
Response: Cat is domesticated, Bubal hartebeest is domesticated
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Amazon Web Services?
Response: AWS or Amazon Web Services is the cloud platform that is offered by Amazon.  They have services like compute, virtual machines, databases, storage, serverless sql and serverless functions, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data science, data lakes, and internet of things.  A platform like AWS has all the tools for seamless integration to build an entire analytics platform for your business.  AWS also serves the most business who have moved to cloud compared to their competitors Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud Platform.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the Evergreen Game?
Response: The Evergreen Game is a famous chess game won by Adolf Anderssen against Jean Dufresne in 1852.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think of things to do in a place with cold winters. Provide answer as a bullet list.
Response: - Build a snowman
- Have a snowball fight
- Go sledding
- Go skiing
- Go skating
- Go snowshoeing
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are Air Fryers safe to use?
Response: Air Fryers are really just small sized convection ovens (or OTGs) with a fan to circulate hot air more efficiently than in a large oven. This allows you to dehydrate the surface of foods really quickly and with very little oil.
As long as you don't char your food till it's visibly dark brown or black all over, air fried food is perfectly safe!
Convection baking has been used by human beings since the dawn of cooking, and air fryers (despite their name) use the exact same physics of hot air transferring heat to food.
And if you are someone looking to cut down calories from fat and also like crispy textures, this appliance is perfect for you. As always, focus on what you are ultimately eating rather than the appliance.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: from this blob of text about gosberton clough, to which city does the river flow to?
Context: Gosberton Clough is a village in the civil parish of Gosberton and the South Holland district of Lincolnshire, England. It is 30 miles (50 km) south-east from the city and county town of Lincoln, 5 miles (8 km) north from the nearest large town of Spalding, and 3 miles (5 km) west-southwest from parish village of Gosberton.

Gosberton Clough and the village Risegate to the east are conjoined as a 2 miles (3 km) linear settlement on the east to west B1397 road which runs along the south side of Risegate Eau (drain). Within Gosberton Clough the B1397 is named 'Clough Road', and in Risegate, 'Risegate Road', the villages separated at a bridge over the Risegate Eau at the junction with Chesboule Lane, running north, and Beach Lane, running south. The B1397 and the village is mirrored at the north of Risegate Eau by the parallel 'Siltside' (road). The Risegate Eau starts 2 miles (3 km) west at the South Forty-Foot Drain, then flows through the village, and reaches the River Welland at the Risegate Outfall sluice in Algarkirk Marsh, 7 miles (11 km) to the east. The north to south Hammond Beck intersects Risegate Eau at the west of the village, alongside of which is Beck Bank (road).
Response: Towards Lincoln, England
Category: summarization
Instruction: Can you summarize the main points about the first edition of the Dota 2 tournament, The International?
Context: Valve announced the first edition of The International on August 1, 2011. 16 teams were invited to compete in the tournament, which would also serve as the first public viewing of Dota 2. The tournament was funded by Valve, including the US$1 million grand prize, with Nvidia supplying the hardware. It took place at Gamescom in Cologne from August 17–21 the same year. The tournament started with a group stage in which the winners of each of the four groups were entered into a winner's bracket, and the other teams entered the loser's bracket. The rest of the tournament was then played as a double-elimination tournament. The final of this inaugural tournament was between Ukrainian-based Natus Vincere and Chinese-based EHOME, with Natus Vincere winning the series 3–1. EHOME won US$250,000, with the rest of the 14 teams splitting the remaining $350,000.
Response: The first edition of The International was held at Gamescom in Cologne, Germany August 17-21 2011. Sixteen teams were directly invited by Valve to complete for $1 Million grand prize. The tournament was played in a round robin group stage, followed by a double elimination playoff. The Ukrainian based team, Natus Vincere defeated the Chinese based EHOME 3-1 in the grand finals.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the paragraph above paragraph, what is the PMP and who established the exam.
Context: Project Management Professional (PMP) is an internationally recognized professional designation offered by the Project Management Institute (PMI). As of 31 July 2020, there are 1,036,368 active PMP-certified individuals and 314 chartered chapters across 214 countries and territories worldwide.

The exam is one of eight credentials offered by PMI and is based on the ECO PMP Examination Content Outline. Most of the questions reference the Exam Content Outline PMP Examination Content Outline (also known as the E.C.O ).
Response: PMP stands for Project Management Professional, and it was established by the Project Management Institute (PMI). The PMP is a professional certification for project managers that is recognized internationally. The PMP is based on the ECO PMP Examination Content Outline.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the primary female antagonist on "The X-Files"?
Response: Special Agent Dana Katherine Scully
Category: summarization
Instruction: List down some facts about Shandao temple using given passage as a reference
Context: Shandao Temple (formerly transliterated as Shantao Temple Station until 2003), secondary station name Huashan, is a station on the Bannan line of Taipei Metro in Zhongzheng District, Taipei, Taiwan. It is named after the Shandao Temple.
Response: 1. Shandao Temple, also known as Huashan, is a station on the Bannan line of the Taipei Metro in the Zhongzheng District of Taipei, Taiwan. It was formerly transliterated as Shantao Temple Station until 2003.
2. It bears the Shandao Temple's name.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ranat thum, Tumbi
Response: Tumbi is string, Ranat thum is percussion.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph are Beavers the largest living rodents?
Context: Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere. There are two existing species: the North American beaver (Castor canadensis) and the Eurasian beaver (C. fiber). Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, after capybaras, weighing up to 30 kilograms (66 lb). Beavers have stout bodies with large heads, long chisel-like incisors, brown or gray fur, hand-like front feet, webbed back feet, and tails that are flat and scaly. The two species differ in skull and tail shape and fur color. Beavers can be found in a number of freshwater habitats, such as rivers, streams, lakes and ponds. They are herbivorous, consuming tree bark, aquatic plants, grasses and sedges.
Response: No, Beavers are the second-largest living rodents, second to Capybaras.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was Mark Twain's actual name?
Response: Samuel Langhorne Clemens was known the pen name Mark Twain, a nom de plume he coined to reflect his time as a river boat pilot.  On the Mississippi in the 1800's it was common to measure river depth in terms of 6 foot increments demarcated on a rope by knots.  Thus, when the river was of depth 12 feet, or two fathoms, the boatmen would call out, "Mark Twain" indicating the second of two knots was submerged.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is MATLAB?
Response: MATLAB is a proprietary multi-paradigm programming language and numeric computing environment developed by MathWorks. MATLAB allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of Premier League winners in the last 5 years with corresponding points.
Response: 2021-2022: Manchester City, 93
2020-2021: Manchester City, 86
2019-2020: Liverpool, 99
2018-2019: Manchester City, 98
2017-2018: Manchester City, 100
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Cauliflower rice is not that fun to eat in its bland form. Is there anything interesting and tasty I can cook with cauliflower rice?
Response: Cauliflower rice can be cooked within a few mins. You can make the dish more tasty with scrambled eggs , okra, and maybe other vegetables like peas, carrots and onions. One can cook this by mixing these ingredients including raw eggs in a bowl and then cooking them in a skillet for 5 mins. Pour one tablespoon of oil, let it heat up, and then put in the mix from the bowl. Stir for 5 mins on medium. Add pepper and salt. Once ready you can eat it with a sauce of your liking it just with pepper and salt.
Category: classification
Instruction: Separate the currencies from the other units of measure in the following list: United States Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, centimeter, inch, Mexican Peso, mile, kilometer, foot, liter, gallon, Russian Ruble, Singapore Dollar, Chilean Peso, Norwegian Krone, stone.
Response: The following are currencies: United States Dollar, Canadian Dollar, Chinese Yuan, Japanese Yen, Swiss Franc, Mexican Peso, Russian Ruble, Singapore Dollar, Chilean Peso, Norwegian Krone.

The following are units of measure: centimeter, inch, mile, kilometer, foot, liter, gallon, stone.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Lambeg, Hurdy-gurdy
Response: Hurdy-gurdy is string, Lambeg is percussion.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following words starts with the letter S: Snake, Towel, Table, Shower, Yam, Butterfly, Apple
Response: Snake, Shower
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which states are part of the New England region?
Response: The states in New England include Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where does the word plumbing originate from?
Response: "Plumbing" originates from the original name for Lead (Pb), Plumbum, which is what most pipes were made from at the time.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you give a good presentation?
Response: There are several things you should think about if you'd like to give a good presentation.

1. Know your audience. If you use jargon or reference concepts that your audience doesn't understand, you may lose your audience's attention.
2. Pay attention to how your audience is reacting. Do they appear bored? Do they look confused? You can and should make adjustments to what you're presenting based on this real-time feedback.
3. Communicate clearly. You should make a deliberate attempt to speak clearly, and at a reasonable pace. You can think of an orator you admire, and channel their communication style.
4. Practice, practice, practice. Practicing the presentation beforehand can help your confidence. Even if you're extremely nervous, if you know the content of the presentation you're going to have more confidence than otherwise. Additionally, not having to spend as much conscious effort thinking about what content you need to say allows for more of your attention to be spent on some of the above suggestions, like ensuring you are communicating clearly and paying attention to your audience.

Through knowing your audience, paying attention to their reactions, communicating clearly and practicing, you can significantly increase your chances of giving a good presentation.
Category: classification
Instruction: A group of friends and putting together a D&D group and would like a balance of ranged and melee character classes. Here are the classes they are considering:  Ranger, Rogue, Fighter, Barbarian, Monk, Warlock, Paladin, and Wizard. Please create a dot point list of Ranged and Melee classes in alphabetical order, so that I can share that with my friends.
Response: Below is the breakdown of classes, listed in alphabetical order in Melee and Ranged groups.

Melee classes:
- Barbarian
- Fighter
- Monk
- Paladin
- Rogue

Ranged classes:
- Ranger
- Warlock
- Wizard
Category: summarization
Instruction: Can you give me the biography of Lia Cirio
Context: Lia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet.

Biography
Cirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella.

Cirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative.

Cirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.
Response: Lia Cirio is an American ballet dancer. She is a principal dancer at Boston Ballet. 

Cirio is half Filipino. She trained at Swarthmore Ballet Theatre and Central Pennsylvania Youth Ballet. At age 16, she joined Boston Ballet II. She joined the main company's corps de ballet in 2004, at age 16, and was the company's Princess Grace Award nominee the same year. Cirio was named second soloist in 2006 and soloist the following year. In 2008 and 2009, Cirio joined the Trey McIntyre Project, and toured with the company in the United States and the world. She returned to Boston Ballet in the 2009-10 season and was promoted to principal in 2010. She has danced roles such as Odette/Odile in Swan Lake and the title role in Cinderella.

Cirio has also choreographed work for Boston Ballet's ChoreograpHER initiative.

Cirio is the older sister of Jeffrey Cirio, a Lead Principal Dancer at English National Ballet. They have established an artistic collective called Cirio Collective in 2015.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following exercises as cardio or weights: bench press, running, cycling, squat, jump roping, curl
Response: Bench Press: Weights
Running: Cardio
Cycling: Cardio
Squat: Weights
Jump Roping: Cardio
Curl: Weights
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Britney Spears, tell me when they were born and why they are famous.
Context: Britney Jean Spears (born December 2, 1981) is an American singer, actress, and dancer. Often referred to as the "Princess of Pop", she is credited with influencing the revival of teen pop during the late 1990s and early 2000s. After appearing in stage productions and television series, Spears signed with Jive Records in 1997 at age fifteen. Her first two studio albums, ...Baby One More Time (1999) and Oops!... I Did It Again (2000), are among the best-selling albums of all time and made Spears the best-selling teenage artist of all time. With first-week sales of over 1.3 million copies, Oops!... I Did It Again held the record for the fastest-selling album by a female artist in the United States for fifteen years. Spears adopted a more mature and provocative style for her albums Britney (2001) and In the Zone (2003), and starred in the 2002 film Crossroads.
Response: Britney Spears was born December 2, 1981 she is famous for being the "princess of pop" and being the best selling teenage artist of all time.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Give me three reasons why basketball is so popular.
Response: Basketball is popular around the world because one, it is easy to learn the rules and everyone of all ages can learn the rules and play. Two, it's a team sport so it is fun to play with friends and is a way to make new friends. Three, it's exciting and has a fast pace of play  which makes it appeal to people around the world.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How many times did Barton switch parties?
Context: Barton switched parties three times in his political life. He was first elected as a Democratic-Republican; he then switched to an Adams Democrat for his re-election in 1825. When he ran for the Senate again in 1830 he switched to being an Anti-Jacksonian candidate. In the Senate, he served as chairman of the committee on public lands. He was a member of the Missouri State Senate in 1834–1835.
Response: Three times
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is deafblindness
Response: Deafblindness is the condition of little or no useful hearing and little or no useful sight. Different degrees of vision loss and auditory loss occur within each individual. Because of this inherent diversity, each deafblind individual's needs regarding lifestyle, communication, education, and work need to be addressed based on their degree of dual-modality deprivation, to improve their ability to live independently. In 1994, an estimated 35,000–40,000 United States residents were medically deafblind. Helen Keller was a well-known example of a deafblind individual. To further her lifelong mission to help the deafblind community to expand its horizons and gain opportunities, the Helen Keller National Center for Deaf-Blind Youths and Adults (also called the Helen Keller National Center or HKNC), with a residential training program in Sands Point, New York, was established in 1967 by an act of Congress.

The deafblind community has its own culture, comparable to those of the deaf community and the blind community. Members of the deafblind community have diverse backgrounds but are united by similar experiences and a shared, homogeneous understanding of what it means to be deafblind. Some deafblind individuals view their condition as a part of their identity.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Write a short story about Batman, Superman and Spiderman where the bad guy wins
Response: Batman, Superman and Spiderman were out in the city when they noticed something strange. A sinister-looking man was walking down the street with a giant bag of money. He was laughing and bragging about how he was going to be the richest man in the world. All of the heroes were furious and decided to take action. They followed the man, but he was too fast. He had a huge advantage and was able to escape. Batman, Superman and Spiderman were left feeling helpless and frustrated. They knew they had to do something to stop this man and save the city. But what could they do?
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: Formed in 1888, the program has 856 wins and claims 11 national championships, including 8 from the major wire-service (AP, Coaches'), heading into the 2022 season. USC has had 13 undefeated seasons including 8 perfect seasons, and 39 conference championships. USC has produced eight Heisman Trophy winners, 81 first-team Consensus All-Americans, including 29 Unanimous selections, and 510 NFL draft picks, most all-time by any university, USC has had 35 members inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame, including former players Matt Leinart, O. J. Simpson, and Ronnie Lott and former coaches John McKay and Howard Jones. The Trojans boast 14 inductees in the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the most of any school, including Junior Seau, Bruce Matthews, Marcus Allen, and Ron Yary. Among all colleges and universities, as of 2022, USC holds the all-time record for the most quarterbacks (17) and is tied with the University of Miami for the most wide receivers (40) to go on to play in the NFL.
Response: • Matt Leinart
• O. J. Simpson
• Ronnie Lott
• John McKay
• Howard Jones
• Junior Seau
• Bruce Matthews
• Marcus Allen
• Ron Yary
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the typical lifespan of a dog?
Context: The typical lifespan of dogs varies widely among breeds, but for most, the median longevity (the age at which half the dogs in a population have died and half are still alive) ranges from 10 to 13 years. The median longevity of mixed-breed dogs, taken as an average of all sizes, is one or more years longer than that of purebred dogs when all breeds are averaged. For dogs in England, increased body weight has been found to be negatively correlated with longevity (i.e., the heavier the dog, the shorter its lifespan), and mixed-breed dogs live on average 1.2 years longer than purebred dogs.
Response: The median lifespan of most dogs is between 10 and 13 years. It varies depending on the breed of the dog.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about The Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF), tell me how the framework is used.
Context: The Universal Data Element Framework (UDEF) was  a controlled vocabulary developed by The Open Group. It provided a framework for categorizing, naming, and indexing data. It assigned to every item of data a structured alphanumeric tag plus a controlled vocabulary name that describes the meaning of the data. This allowed relating data elements to similar elements defined by other organizations.

UDEF defined a Dewey-decimal like code for each concept. For example, an "employee number" is often used in human resource management. It has a UDEF tag a.5_12.35.8 and a controlled vocabulary description "Employee.PERSON_Employer.Assigned.IDENTIFIER".

UDEF has been superseded by the Open Data Element Framework (O-DEF).
Response: The UDEF is a framework for categorizing, naming, and indexing data.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Joseph Martin, Ghost Rider
Response: Ghost Rider is Marvel, Joseph Martin is DC
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a wine varietal or style of beer: Lager, Ale, India pale ale, Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Noir
Response: Lager is a style of beer which is brewed and conditioned at low temperature.
Ale is a style of beer which is known for being full-bodied and somewhat bitter, with strong flavors and aromas of hops.
India pale ale is a hoppy beer typically known for having a higher alcohol by volume (ABV). 
Sauvignon Blanc is a white wine varietal that originates from the city of Bordeaux in France.
Cabernet Sauvignon is one of the world's most recognized red wine grape varieties.
Pinot Noir is a red wine grape variety derived from the French words for pine and black.
Category: classification
Instruction: When talking about paint colours, which one of these colours is considered "cold", "warm" or "both". Both meaning the way the colour is perceived depends on the colours surrounding it.
Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red, Red-Violet, Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green, Yellow-Green
Response: Warm: Yellow, Yellow-Orange, Orange, Red-Orange, Red
Cold: Violet, Blue-Violet, Blue, Blue-Green, Green
Both: Red-Violet, Yellow-Green
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the quarterback for the Denver Broncos when they won their first Super Bowl and what was his number?
Response: His name was John Elway and he wore #7
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What do you think: can we release this without a UI and add that later? Can we release it as GA without a UI?
Response: I think we're better off releasing it as an update to. the public preview if we aren't going to have a UI. And the API needs to be very well documented. If we do release it as GA without a UI, we should definitely message to customers that a UI is coming (although not promise a time frame or ETA).
Category: summarization
Instruction: What was the purpose of the Security Exchange Act of 1934?
Context: The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (also called the Exchange Act, '34 Act, or 1934 Act) (Pub. L. 73–291, 48 Stat. 881, enacted June 6, 1934, codified at 15 U.S.C. § 78a et seq.) is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. A landmark of wide-ranging legislation, the Act of '34 and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law.

Companies raise billions of dollars by issuing securities in what is known as the primary market. Contrasted with the Securities Act of 1933, which regulates these original issues, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 regulates the secondary trading of those securities between persons often unrelated to the issuer, frequently through brokers or dealers. Trillions of dollars are made and lost each year through trading in the secondary market.
Response: The purpose of the Security Exchange Act (SEA) of 1934 in the United States was to regulate the secondary trading market of securities like stocks and bonds between persons unrelated to the issuer.  This act also created the Securities and Exchange commission (SEC) that enforces United States federal securities law.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the main language spoken in South America?
Response: Spanish