fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: given the following text, tell me the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons today and explain how it works
Context: Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. The terminology "back-propagating errors" was introduced in 1962 by Frank Rosenblatt, but he did not know how to implement this, although Henry J. Kelley had a continuous precursor of backpropagation already in 1960 in the context of control theory. Modern backpropagation is actually Seppo Linnainmaa's general reverse mode of automatic differentiation (1970) for discrete connected networks of nested differentiable functions. It is an efficient application of the chain rule (derived by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in 1673) to networks of differentiable nodes. In 1982, Paul Werbos applied backpropagation to MLPs in the way that has become standard. In 1985, David E. Rumelhart et al. published an experimental analysis of the technique. Many improvements have been implemented in subsequent decades.

During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by some small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to some state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function. To adjust weights properly, one applies a general method for non-linear optimization that is called gradient descent, due to Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who first suggested it in 1847. For this, the network calculates the derivative of the error function with respect to the network weights, and changes the weights such that the error decreases (thus going downhill on the surface of the error function). For this reason, back-propagation can only be applied on networks with differentiable activation functions.
Response: Today, the most popular method for training multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) is back-propagation. During backpropagation, the output values are compared with the correct answer to compute the value of some predefined error-function. The error is then fed back through the network. Using this information, the algorithm adjusts the weights of each connection in order to reduce the value of the error function by a small amount. After repeating this process for a sufficiently large number of training cycles, the network will usually converge to a state where the error of the calculations is small. In this case, one would say that the network has learned a certain target function
Category: open_qa
Instruction: The Weeknd samples which '80s megahit in "Blinding Lights?"
Response: "Take On Me" by A-ha
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where can I find a bristly bellflower in the wild?
Context: Campanula cervicaria, also known as the bristly bellflower, is a species of flowering plant in the bellflower family, Campanulaceae. Native to Scandinavia and central Europe, C. cervicaria has also become naturalised in parts of the U.S. state of Minnesota. Its natural habitat is woodland edges, hillside meadows, dry meadows and banks, and it also flourishes where soil has been disturbed, for example after slash-and-burn or forest clearance. The plant has a hairy stem, with light blue flowers about 1 to 2 centimetres (0.4 to 0.8 in) long and grouped together. This C. cervicaria flower was photographed in Keila, Estonia.
Response: The bristly bellflower (Campanula cervicaria) is native to Scandinavia and Central Europe. You can find it in hillside meadows and woodland edges. It flourishes in places where soil has been upturned.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to lose weight fast?
Response: Generally speaking the best way to lose weight is to create a calorie deficit. This means spending or burning more calories than the ones you consume during a day. It’s important to note that this is not the only factor and there are many other variables, such as your macro intake, working out, allergies, and preexisting health conditions. That’s why it’s always important to consult with a medical professional.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How much caffeine is in a cup of coffee on average. Does the size of the cup matter?
Response: The short answer to this is that it depends on several factors. These factors include the bean, where it was grown, how it was roasted and then how the coffee is brewed. There are also decaf versions which have close to no coffee. Normal brew, Espresso, Instant, French Press, Drip coffee, pour over, and cold brew all tend to vary slightly in caffeine content that ultimately make it into your cup.  In general you can expect con average 95 mg of caffeine from a normal size drip coffee. 

Another example from a reputable coffee chain (Dunkin Donuts) claims the following:
amounts per size:
Small (10 oz): 215 mg
Medium (16 oz): 302 mg
Large (20 oz): 431 mg
Extra large (24 oz): 517 mg

Too much caffeine can have health risks that one should be aware of.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List 3 cities on the east coast of Australia.
Response: Sydney, Brisbane and Newcastle are Australian cities located on the east coast of Australia.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Why was America called the New World?
Context: The term New World is often used to mean the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas. The term gained prominence in the early 16th century, during Europe's Age of Discovery, shortly after the Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci concluded that America (now often called the Americas) represented a new continent, and subsequently published his findings in a pamphlet he titled Latin: Mundus Novus. This realization expanded the geographical horizon of classical European geographers, who had thought the world consisted of Africa, Europe, and Asia, collectively now referred to as the Old World, or Afro-Eurasia. The Americas were thus also referred to as "the fourth part of the world".
Response: In the past, the major civilizations were unaware of the existence of America. Since their world view consisted of Europe, Africa and Asia, the finding of an entire continent of the Americas was a major geographical perspective to the people of the era. They referred to America as the New World.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What was MarCal's restaurant?
Response: MarCal's restaurant was originally started as a small diner in Chilton, WI, by its proprietors, Marty and Margie Salm.  The name "MarCal's" was formed by combining part of Marty and Margie's first names with the first name of the banker who was willing to take the risk and loan them the capital to start the business.  It took several years for the business to take hold, and as it gained popularity, MarCal's moved to a larger location in Chilton that also had space for events.  Marty would later partner with his brother, Ed, to start MarCal's Too in Valders, WI. When his son, Dave, finished culinary training, Dave partnered with his sister Nancy to run the Chilton location.  Marty and Margie moved to start another MarCal's diner in the city of Brillion, WI.  The business thrived for many years, with Marty leading operations and being the primary cook, and Margie working as a waitress and running the front of the business, as well as the accounting. Sunday morning breakfasts were always busy, and one item on the menu Marty was particularly proud of was the potato pancakes.  The recipe for these pancakes came from Marty's mother, Eva Salm, who knew a thing or two about feeding a large number of people since she had to keep her family of 15 children fed, as well as their many farm hands.  MarCals restaurants no longer exist, as they were all closed at various times after Marty and Margie's retirement, but many a fond memory of Sunday breakfasts and lunch time buffets still remain.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is Harry Potter?
Response: Harry Potter is a series of seven fantasy novels written by British author J. K. Rowling. The novels chronicle the lives of a young wizard, Harry Potter, and his friends Hermione Granger and Ron Weasley, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. The main story arc concerns Harry's conflict with Lord Voldemort, a dark wizard who intends to become immortal, overthrow the wizard governing body known as the Ministry of Magic and subjugate all wizards and Muggles (non-magical people). 
The series follows the life of a boy named Harry Potter. In the first book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, Harry lives in a cupboard under the stairs in the house of the Dursleys, his aunt, uncle and cousin, Dudley. The Dursleys consider themselves perfectly normal, but at the age of 11, Harry discovers that he is a wizard. He meets a half-giant named Hagrid who invites him to attend the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry learns that as a baby, his parents were murdered by the dark wizard Lord Voldemort. When Voldemort attempted to kill Harry, his curse rebounded and Harry survived with a lightning-shaped scar on his forehead.
Harry becomes a student at Hogwarts and is sorted into Gryffindor House. He gains the friendship of Ron Weasley, a member of a large but poor wizarding family, and Hermione Granger, a witch of non-magical, or Muggle, parentage. Harry encounters the school's potions master, Severus Snape, who displays a dislike for him; the rich pure-blood Draco Malfoy whom he develops an enmity with; and the Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher, Quirinus Quirrell, who turns out to be allied with Lord Voldemort. The first book concludes with Harry's confrontation with Voldemort, who, in his quest to regain a body, yearns to gain the power of the Philosopher's Stone, a substance that bestows everlasting life.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz, when and where was he born?
Context: Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz (27 November 1654 – 11 August 1699) was a German poet and diplomat. He was one of the few German poets of his era that Frederick the Great enjoyed.

Biography
Canitz was born in Berlin, Brandenburg. He was influenced by Boileau.  He attended the universities of Leiden and Leipzig, travelled in England, France, Italy and the Netherlands, and on his return was appointed groom of the bedchamber (Kammerjunker) to Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, whom he accompanied on his campaigns in Pomerania and Sweden.

In 1680 Canitz became councillor of legation, and he was employed on various embassies. In 1697 Elector Frederick III made him a privy councillor, and Emperor Leopold I created him a baron of the Empire. Having fallen ill on an embassy to the Hague, he obtained his discharge and died at Berlin in 1699.

He wrote verse in a restrained, sober style.  He was considered as one of the poets who “produced verse that was specifically aimed at entertaining and flattering princes and high courtiers.” Although he liked making verse in many languages, he never published any of them. Canitz's poems (Nebenstunden unterschiedener Gedichte), which did not appear until after his death (1700), are for the most part dry and stilted imitations of French and Latin models, but they formed a healthy contrast to the coarseness and bombast of the later Silesian poets.

A complete edition of Canitz's poems was published by U. König in 1727; see also L. Fulda, Die Gegner der zweiten schlesischen Schule, ii. (1883).
Response: Friedrich Rudolf Ludwig Freiherr von Canitz was born in Berlin on November 27, 1654.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who were Fernando Pessoa's main heteronyms?
Context: Fernando António Nogueira Pessoa (Portuguese: [fɨɾˈnɐ̃du pɨˈsoɐ]; 13 June 1888 – 30 November 1935) was a Portuguese poet, writer, literary critic, translator, publisher, and philosopher, described as one of the most significant literary figures of the 20th century and one of the greatest poets in the Portuguese language. He also wrote in and translated from English and French.

Pessoa was a prolific writer, and not only under his own name, for he created approximately seventy-five others, of which three stand out, Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis. He did not call them pseudonyms because he felt that this did not capture their true independent intellectual life and instead called them heteronyms. These imaginary figures sometimes held unpopular or extreme views.

Pessoa's earliest heteronym, at the age of six, was Chevalier de Pas. Other childhood heteronyms included Dr. Pancrácio and David Merrick, followed by Charles Robert Anon, a young Englishman who became Pessoa's alter ego. In 1905/7, when Pessoa was a student at the University of Lisbon, Alexander Search took the place of Anon. The main reason for this was that, although Search was English, he was born in Lisbon, as was his author. But Search represents a transition heteronym that Pessoa used while searching to adapt to the Portuguese cultural reality. After the republican revolution, in 1910, and consequent patriotic atmosphere, Pessoa created another alter ego, Álvaro de Campos, supposedly a Portuguese naval and mechanical engineer, who was born in Tavira, hometown of Pessoa's ancestors, and graduated in Glasgow. Translator and literary critic Richard Zenith notes that Pessoa eventually established at least seventy-two heteronyms. According to Pessoa himself, there are three main heteronyms: Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos and Ricardo Reis. Pessoa's heteronyms differ from pen names, because they possess distinct biographies, temperaments, philosophies, appearances, writing styles and even signatures. Thus, heteronyms often disagree on various topics, argue and discuss with each other about literature, aesthetics, philosophy, etc.
Response: Fernando Pessoa created approximately seventy-five heteronyms, of which three stand out, Alberto Caeiro, Álvaro de Campos, and Ricardo Reis.
Pessoa's heteronyms differ from pen names, because they possess distinct biographies, temperaments, philosophies, appearances, writing styles and even signatures.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: what is cricket and why is it popular in Asian countries?
Response: Cricket is one of the most popular sports in Asian countries. One of the worlds biggest cricket teams are India. The reason for so much popularity is multifold. Top reason is when English invaded South east asia they brought this game to the continent. Originally this game was only played by upper class, and later adopted by other classes as well. To play cricket you need one bat and one ball. Bat will be made up of wood and ball can be either tennis ball or hard ball which is made up of leather. You need a wicket which is 3 sticks and 2 bails on top. One person throws the ball and other person try to protect his wickets with the bat. The length of the wicket is 22 yards. Batsman can hit the ball for runs. To make runs, there are two ways. First is to hit the boundary, which can fetch either 4 or 6 runs. Second way is to run between the wickets and make as many runs as you can. There are other ways to get runs as well, like if its a wide ball or no ball. For a team to win a match, they either have to make more runs then the other team or get them all out before they can make more runs then them. Most popular cricket format is T20, then One day internationals (ODI) and then Test matches. T20 is the shortest form and have 20 overs and 2 innings. ODI has 50 overs and 2 innings. Whereas Test is the longest format and can carry on for 5 days, with 90 overs every day and up to 2 innings per team. Both men and women play cricket. Worlds biggest cricket league is IPL in india. PSL in Pakistan is considered as the second best league. There are 2 cricket worldcups. T20 worldcup is played every 2 years and ODI worldcup is played every 4 years. There is also World Test and ODI championship as well, which is player every year.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the top 10 NBA basketball players of all time
Response: *Michael Jordan
*Kobe Bryant
*Kareem Abdul Jabar
*Magic Johnson
*Larry Bird
*Lebron James
*Shaquille O'Neal
*Bill Russell
*Wilt Chamberlain
*Jerry West
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: If there are only two genera remaining, what happened to the other 24?
Context: According to the World Register of Marine Species, there are only two genera in this family. Previously there were about 26, but most of these have been reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera, Mycale and Phlyctaenopora:
Response: Most of the other 24 were reallocated as sub-genera of the remaining two genera.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What makes skiing so much fun?
Response: Skiing is one of the best recreational activities. Skiing is not only accessible for beginners, but also has a large skill range that can take lifetimes to master. There are many disciplines for skiers to choose from, ranging from speed skiing, moguls, jumps, half pipe, to freeride. Ski resorts are often set in beautiful mountain landscapes and enjoyable mountain towns.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What Constitutes a Foul in Football?
Response: As a rule, a football foul would be an unfair act committed by a player which interferes with active play. A match referee would decide on the foul while officiating the game's laws.

There are different outcomes that punish soccer fouls. The referee can award either a direct or an indirect free-kick (depending on the offence). In some cases, a foul in football results in a penalty spot kick awarded to the opposing team.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are 3 to 5 creative ways to prevent deer from walking through your yard?
Response: Deer can be a menace, but here are 5 ways to keep them out of your yard:
1. Install motion sensors that trigger sprinklers when activated
2. Completely enclose your property with a solid fence; nothing cheap that will just be pushed over
3. Get a guard dog, and train it to bark at intruding deer
4. Plant only deer-resistant shrubs and flowers; the deer won't stop by if they have nothing to eat
5. Move to a location without deer!
Category: summarization
Instruction: List down some key points about jewel diamond from given text
Context: Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. They are also the reason that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to pressures found deep in the Earth.
Response: 1.	With its atoms grouped in what is known as a diamond cubic crystal structure, diamond is a solid form of the element carbon.
2.	The chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure is another solid form of carbon known as graphite, but diamond is metastable and only slightly converts to it under those conditions.
3.	Because of its superior hardness and thermal conductivity compared to other natural materials, diamond is frequently employed in high-tech industrial products like cutting and polishing equipment.
4.	They also allow materials to be subjected to pressures observed at great depths in the Earth in diamond anvil cells.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the plot of The Count of Monte Cristo?
Response: In Alexandre Dumas' novel "The Count of Monte Cristo," the main character Edmund Dantes is framed and wrongly convicted of a crime he did not commit, by his lover's cousin who secretly wants to marry Edmund's lover. Edmund is sentenced to a prison dungeon where he meets an abby that reveals a hidden treasure should Edmund ever escape. Edmund spends years plotting his escape, retrieval of the treasure, and his revenge on all those who conspired against him. He disguises himself as a Count, then one by one exacts his revenge by influencing his rivals to behave in a manner that will lead to each of their downfalls. While he doesn't directly cause harm to any of his rivals, they all suffer the consequences of their own actions and Edmund comes out victorious.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all the names of people in this paragraph on the twelves apostles of Jesus, in a bullet point list.
Context: The three Synoptic Gospels record the circumstances in which some of the disciples were recruited, Matthew only describing the recruitment of Simon, Andrew, James, and John.

Despite Jesus only briefly requesting that they join him, they are all described as immediately consenting and abandoning their nets to do so. The immediacy of their consent has been viewed as an example of divine power, although this is not stated in the text. Another explanation is that some of the disciples may have heard of Jesus beforehand, as implied by the Gospel of John, which states that Andrew was a disciple of John the Baptist, and that he and his brother started following Jesus as soon as Jesus had been baptized.

Matthew describes Jesus meeting James and John, also fishermen and brothers, very shortly after recruiting Simon and Andrew. Matthew and Mark identify James and John as sons of Zebedee. Luke adds to Matthew and Mark that James and John worked as a team with Simon and Andrew. Matthew states that at the time of the encounter, James and John were repairing their nets, but readily joined Jesus without hesitation.

This parallels the accounts of Mark and Luke, but Matthew implies that the men have also abandoned their father (since he is present in the boat they abandon behind them), and Carter feels this should be interpreted to mean that Matthew's view of Jesus is one of a figure rejecting the traditional patriarchal structure of society, where the father had command over his children; most scholars, however, just interpret it to mean that Matthew intended these two to be seen as even more devoted than the other pair, or that Jesus expected the imminent coming of the kingdom.

The Synoptic Gospels go on to describe that later in Jesus' ministry he noticed a tax collector in his booth. The tax collector, called Matthew in Matthew 9:9, and Levi in Mark 2:14 and Luke 5:27, is asked by Jesus to become one of his disciples. Matthew/Levi is stated to have accepted and then invited Jesus for a meal with his friends. Tax collectors were seen as villains in Jewish society, and the Pharisees are described as asking Jesus why he is having a meal with such disreputable people. The reply Jesus gave is now well known: "it is not the healthy who need a doctor, but the sick. I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repentance."
Response: - Matthew
- Simon
- Andrew
- James
- John
- Jesus
- John the Baptist
- Mark
- Zebedee
- Luke
- Carter
- Levi
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is running a healthy sport?
Response: If the necessary precautions are taken, running is a healthy sport. Good shoes, adapted to the surface, appropriate clothing, adapted to the weather and drinking enough water are prerequisites. Running reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and improves health. It increases endurance and lowers the resting heart rate. This can already be achieved after 15 minutes of running a day. Running in the nature and the fresh air also has a positive effect on your mind. Running together is a lot of fun and motivating. Try it out
Category: general_qa
Instruction: When buying a used car, what are some red flags to look out for?
Response: A car is a costly purchase and you should be especially careful when buying it used.The first thing to look out for is any visual damages you can find by just thoroughly inspecting it.Ask for the full service history of the vehicle and look for any outliers.Use trusted third party websites to check for accident, stolen vehicle and insurance write off history.Its also better to get the car inspected by a professional car mechanic for a complete peace of mind.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the pros and cons of charging your Tesla at home?
Response: The most convenient way to charge your EV is to charge it at home overnight while you sleep. Home chargers tend to be slow chargers which reach around 3.6 - 7 kW, although you can also charge using your home’s plug sockets which charge at speeds of around 2.3 kW. 

Pros
Charging your Tesla Model Y at home overnight is probably the cheapest, most cost-efficient way to charge your EV. This is because off-peak energy prices are significantly cheaper than peak charging. Model Ys come with an adapter wire, allowing you to charge your EV using your home's plugs easily. 

If you're interested in charging at home, installing a home charging unit could be worth your time. Over time this could save you money. There are grants available to help you afford a home charger. 

The OZEV Chargepoint Grant is up to £350 or 75% off the fully installed charge point cost if specifics are met. There is also the Scottish EST Domestic Chargepoint Grant which gives you up to £300 and can be used alongside the OZEV Chargepoint Grant.

Cons
Home chargers rarely exceed speeds of 7 kW. This means charging the Tesla Model Y's large battery would take a long time. If you don't invest in a home charging station, it might also be risky to home charge as the 3-pin plug can damage your home's wiring. 

If you choose to charge during the day, it can also get quite expensive and may not compare favourably with public charging stations, despite being much slower.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How do I make a custom-shaped rug?
Response: The easiest way is to buy a normal rug that you can cut down to size to fit your shape. Rugs made out of synthetic materials are easier to cut since they do not need special processing to stop them from getting unthreaded. You should draw an outline on the back on the rug and use a very sharp cutter to trace it. To prevent damage while cutting, you can put a regular kitchen cutting board under your work area. Finally, you can seal the edges either by singeing them, putting a bead of glue or buying adhesive rug edging tape.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why Kolkata is famous
Response: Because of it's famous food and culture
1. Kolkata biriyani
2, Victoria
3. Rasogolla
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this text, where was Susan Eaton a professor?
Context: Susan Catharine Eaton (July 9, 1957 – December 30, 2003) was an American political scientist and workers' rights activist. Eaton was an assistant professor of public policy at Harvard Kennedy School, who became a nursing home researcher at Harvard and workers' activist. She wrote about health care management, women's role in union leadership and work-family issues and gender equity in the workplace.
Response: Based on this text, Susan Eaton was a professor at Harvard Kennedy School.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which of these are main characters from The X-Files: Fox Mulder, Mitch Pileggi, Dana Scully, Mully & Sculder, Frank Black, Peter Watts.
Response: Fox Mulder and Dana Scully are characters from Chris Carter's show The X-Files. Mitch Pileggi played Assistant Director Walter skinner on The X-Files, Mully & Sculder is the name of a synth-pop duo from Canada, and Frank Black and Peter Watts are characters from Chris Carter's other sci-fi show called Millennium. Frank Black made a cameo on The X-Files after Millennium was canceled, but is not considered a main character on the former.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the last step before a star collapses into a black hole?
Response: Stars that have a higher mass than about 2.2 solar masses (the mass of our Sun) will typically collapse into black holes at the end of their life cycle when fusion has stopped and no longer pushes out against the inward pull of gravity. For stars of this mass, their inward pull of gravity is too strong to be resisted by other forces, thus their fate is to become black holes. However, stars under this limit and above the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.4 solar masses will end their lifecycles as neutron stars. Neutron stars are also the remnants of dead stars but since they have a smaller mass, their gravity is not enough for them to cross into becoming black holes. As the dead star compresses and becomes more and more dense, regular matter is turned into neutrons and the last force to resist the pull of gravity is called degenerate neutron pressure, which is a quantum effect that dictates that no two neutrons may be in the same quantum state. This creates an outward pressure that resists the pull of gravity and settles the star into a neutron star. If more mass is added later, from a star companion or other sources, once the star's mass crosses the limit of around 2.2 solar masses even degenerate neutron pressure isn't enough to balance gravity and the star will collapse into a black hole.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series, A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Arryn?
Response: Artys I Arryn
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Locate what the player should defend against in The Last of Us using the sample as a reference, extract them, and place them in a numbered list.
Context: The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.
Response: 1. Hostile humans;
2. Cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus.
Category: summarization
Instruction: From the given text, Provide me step by step instructions on how to prepare tea.
Context: Steeping, or brewing, is the process of making tea from leaves and hot water, generally using 2 grams (0.071 oz) of tea per 100 millilitres (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz) of water (H2O) or about 1 teaspoon of green tea per 150 ml cup. Steeping temperatures range from 61 °C (142 °F) to 87 °C (189 °F) and steeping times from 30 seconds to three minutes.
Response: 1. To brew/steep tea, use 2gm tea leaves per 100ml of water and let it brew between 61 °C to 87 °C for 30 seconds to 3 minutes.
2. For green tea, use 1 teaspoon of green tea per 150 ml of water and  let it brew between 61 °C to 87 °C for 30 seconds to 3 minutes.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are Grizzly bears and Brown bears the same?
Response: Grizzly bears are actually a subspecies of brown bears (Ursus arctos horribilis). The difference is regional:  Bears found inland are referred to as "grizzlies", while bears found on the coast are known as brown bears.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Is it easier to travel with a baby or a toddler?
Response: Most people have found that traveling is a baby is much easier.  This is largely because they are not yet fully mobile and haven't learned to walk or run just yet.  Babies are considered infants under the age of 1.  Traveling with a baby or a toddler still requires a lot of "stuff", but babies are typically more easily entertained by everyday random objects, such as a cup, or a napkin, etc, whereas toddlers are further along in the developmental journey and need more stimulation, especially on a long journey.  Babies are also small enough to wear in a baby carrier, leaving parents hands-free to be able to juggle the copious amounts of luggage and toys needed when traveling with little ones.  Babies are typically easier to travel with on planes as they still sleep for more hours than they're typically awake.  According to many studies, the ideal age to travel with children is between 4 months to a year.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Let's make a targeted list of banks located in New York City
Response: - Chase
- Citi 
- BNY Mellon
- Goldman Sachs
Category: summarization
Instruction: what is Asia
Context: Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ (listen), also UK: /ˈeɪʃə/) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area.
Response: Asia (/ˈeɪʒə/ (listen), also UK: /ˈeɪʃə/) is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population. It covers an area of more than 44 million square kilometers, about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8% of Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Its 4.7 billion people constitute roughly 60% of the world's population, having more people than all other continents combined.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many full-length "The X-Files" movies are there?
Response: Two: "The X-Files: Fight the Future" and "The X-Files: I Want to Believe"
Category: summarization
Instruction: What's a famous music in Morocco
Context: Moroccan music is of Arabic, Berber and sub-Saharan origins. Rock-influenced chaabi bands are widespread, as is trance music with historical origins in Islamic music.

Morocco is home to Andalusian classical music that is found throughout Northwest Africa. It probably evolved under the Moors in Cordoba, and the Persian-born musician Ziryab is usually credited with its invention. A genre known as Contemporary Andalusian Music and art is the brainchild of Morisco visual artist/composer/oudist Tarik Banzi, founder of the Al-Andalus Ensemble.

A group of Jilala musicians in 1900
Aita is a Bedouin musical style sung in the countryside.

Chaabi ("popular") is a music consisting of numerous varieties which are descended from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Chaabi was originally performed in markets, but is now found at any celebration or meeting.

Popular Western forms of music are becoming increasingly popular in Morocco, such as fusion, rock, country, metal and, in particular, hip hop.
Response: Morocco is Home to Andalusian classical music which evolved under the moors in Cordoba and Chaabi music which refer to popular music. It consists of numerous varieties which are descended from the multifarious forms of Moroccan folk music. Aita is a bedouin musical style sung in the countryside.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Ferrinho, Bandurria
Response: Bandurria is string, Ferrinho is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Hightower?
Response: Uthor of the High Tower
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Belarus or Cayman Islands.
Vitsyebsk, George Town, Minsk, Homyel’
Response: Belarus - Minsk, Homyel’, Vitsyebsk
Cayman Islands - George Town
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the use of a vaccine?
Context: A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future.
Response: Vaccines can be used to provide immunity to a specific disease or infection. It works by stimulating the body's immune system to be able to identify and destroy threat agents.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Roslyn is 36 years of age, weighs 74 kg, is 165 cm tall, and has 35% body fat. Her father had a heart attack at age 68 and her brother had an angioplasty at age 40. Both are living and well. Her blood chemistry values measure total cholesterol at 195 mg% and HDL cholesterol at 42 mg%. Her fasting blood sugar is 105 mg%. Roslyn is sedentary and has engaged in no endurance training program since college. Think about and state Roslyn's cardiovascular risk factors. What would you suggest she do to improve any risk factors of concern?
Response: Her cholesterol levels and blood pressure seem to be within good levels. However, her sedentary lifestyle and inactivity is a cardiovascular risk factor. Her BMI is also 27.2, which would be considered in the overweight category, which is also a cardiovascular risk factor. Her fasting blood sugar is also a little high, in the pre-diabetes level which is another cardiovascular risk factor. Additionally, the fact that she has had close relatives with cardiovascular disease (heart attack, angioplasty), also raises concerns. I would suggest that she live a less sedentary lifestyle, and eat healthier as well.
Category: classification
Instruction: You are planning a trip and want to travel only in the Southern Hemisphere in the first half, and only the Northern Hemisphere in the second half. Sort the countries in your itinerary into 'Southern Hemisphere' and 'Northern Hemisphere'. Your itinerary includes: Fiji, Brazil, Australia, China, Argentina, India, Canada, and South Africa.
Response: Most countries are in the Northern Hemisphere. These include: Brazil, China, India and Canada. Countries in the Southern Hemisphere are: Australia, South Africa, Argentina and Fiji.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write me a recursive function for calculating the nth fibonacci number
Response: Below is a recursive Python function fib(n) that computes the nth Fibonacci number. This is split into a base case and a recursive case. The base case is given by the fact that the first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence are 0 and 1, so fib(0)=0 and fib(1)=1. The recursive case is given by the fact that the nth Fibonacci number f_n can be written as the sum of the previous two Fibonacci numbers, so f_n = f_{n-1} + f_{n-2}. Putting this all together, we get

```
def fib(n):
	# base case
	if n == 0:
		return 0
	if n == 1:
		return 1

	# recursive case
	return fib(n - 1) + fib(n - 2)
```

This will correctly calculate the nth Fibonacci number for nonnegative integer inputs n. However, recursively calculating Fibonacci numbers in this way takes exponential time in the value of n, so this code may be very slow for large inputs. It could be improved by memoizing previous results, or using a non-recursive approach. Simple iterative approaches can solve the problem more quickly, and closed-form expressions for the nth Fibonacci number exist and are even faster to evaluate.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which one of these do not belong to the group:  House, Cottage, School, Palace, Hut
Response: All except School are dwelling places.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some examples of headwear?
Response: - Baseball cap
- Visor
- Skull cap
- Yamaka
- Beanie
- Cowboy hat
- Helmet
- Headband
Category: classification
Instruction: From the following list, tell me whether these animals are real of fictitious: unicorn, alpaca, kangaroo rat, griffin, centaur, colossal squid
Response: Unicorns, griffins and centaurs are fictitious animals while alpacas, kangaroo rats and colossal squids are real animals
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Pana Chand Meghwal
Context: Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency. He resigned from Rajasthan assembly on 15 August 2022. Miffed over cases of alleged atrocities on dalits, Congress MLA Pana Chand Meghwal sent his resignation to chief minister Ashok Gehlot, saying he does not have the right to stay as an MLA if he cannot protect the rights of his community.
Response: Pana Chand Meghwal is an Indian politician from the Indian National Congress and former member of the Rajasthan Legislative Assembly. He was elected to represent the Baran-Atru Constituency.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the benefits of minimally-invasive orthopedic surgery?
Response: There are several reasons why an orthopedic surgeon would want to choose a minimally-invasive surgical option as opposed to an open procedure. On the one hand: minimally invasive operations tend to have faster recovery times, less blood loss, and smaller incisions (which is good from an aesthetic perspective as it means smaller scars). On the other hand, minimally invasive options might not provide as much visibility into the surgical site as an open incision would, and depending on the procedure might not promote the type of fusion required. Of course, any surgical decision should be made by a trained and qualified physician and will depend entirely on the specific circumstances presented by the patient.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which artist made the hit song One More Time?
Response: Daft Punk
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is ECharts Java?
Context: ECharts Java is a lightweight but comprehensive library for Java developers to easily use JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts. The simple chart mode facilitates users to write visualization fast and easily, empowered by the clean APIs provided by ECharts Java. The advanced mode helps create an Option object and its Json representation in chainable Java codes, which includes almost all the features defined in Apache ECharts. Now ECharts Java supports Apache ECharts version 5.x.

Features

- Simple, clean and organized APIs, supporting method chaining
- Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities
- Easily integrate with Web Frameworks
- Flexible export format, including HTML and images
- Complete and detailed documentation and examples
Response: ECharts Java is a lightweight, comprehensive library for Java developers to easily integrate JavaScript visualization library Apache ECharts into their web frameworks. The simple and clean APIs facilitate users to develop visualization components fast and easily. For complex and advanced usage, it allows developers to create an Option object and its Json representation. It is compatible with Apache ECharts version 5.x and provides almost full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities. 

Here are some highlights of ECharts Java:

- Simple, clean, organized APIs with method chaining
- Full coverage of Apache ECharts functionalities
- Easily integrate with Web Frameworks
- Flexible export format, including HTML and images
- Complete and detailed documentation and examples
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to live a long and healthy life?
Response: Well, longevity of life is never guaranteed no matter how healthy you live. However, you can lead a healthy life to improve the quality of your life. You should eat a balanced diet and exercise at a minimum of 3 times per week. Research has also shown that having a social circle improves mental health. Investing in people around you and spending time with loved ones can help lower stress and improve satisfaction in life generally.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Approx. how many nurses were enrolled in World War 2?
Response: More than 100,000 nurses were enrolled to the Red Cross during WW2
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Which is stronger - a lion or a tiger?
Response: It really depends on what attributes are being judged.  If we look at one of the most telling traits between the two - the family - the lion would be the clear winner.  They live in prides and hunt as a family unit.  They also rely on the pride to protect their young and their territory from invaders.  A tiger is a solitary animal, so it is independent and does not have the social constructs as that of a lion.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: India's Last 10 Presidents
Response: Droupadi Murmu
Ram Nath Kovind
Pranab Mukherjee
Pratibha Devisingh Patil
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
K. R. Narayanan
Shankar Dayal Sharma
R. Venkataraman
Giani Zail Singh
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Thylacosmilus, Swift Fox
Response: Swift Fox is alive, Thylacosmilus is extinct
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: With what opera company is the late soprano and master voice teacher Ellen Faull Gordon most associated?
Response: New York City Opera, the company dubbed "The people opera" by Fiorello La Guardia.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Write a April Fools' joke for a data platform company
Response: At [Company Name], we've been working on data for many years to solve the problems of storing and analyzing it reliably at scale. These problems are really hard though, so many enterprises struggle with them. This is why we are now introducing LLM-DB: a database based on an AI model that simply generates new data for you if it loses any. LLM-DB dramatically lowers the storage costs over existing methods, while giving each executive in your company exactly the data they want to see. Try it today at [URL].
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: 7 factors led to nokia failure
Response: Nokia total dependency only on hardware
Nokia lack of innovation and accept feedback
Not accepting Android on time and becoming a part of the ecosystem
Rise of the Chinese mobile market as global players
Stephen Elop as the CEO who took a series of bad decision
It could not read the new trend and pushed its arrogance on customer trust
Not incentivising the dealer
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Roslyn is 36 years of age, weighs 74 kg, is 165 cm tall, and has 35% body fat. Her father had a heart attack at age 68 and her brother had an angioplasty at age 40. Both are living and well. Her blood chemistry values measure total cholesterol at 195 mg% and HDL cholesterol at 42 mg%. Her fasting blood sugar is 105 mg%. Roslyn is sedentary and has engaged in no endurance training program since college. Brainstorm an appropriate exercise training program to help Roslyn improve her C-R (cardiorespiratory) fitness. Be sure to calculate a target heart rate range with corresponding RPE.
Response: We can prescribe an exercise program through the lens of FITT: frequency, intensity, time, and type. For frequency, we should aim for 3-5 days per week, with the higher the better the improvements for C-R fitness. As for intensity, we want to aim for 60-90% HRR (heart rate recovery), anywhere from 4-8 RPE (rate of perceived exertion). Since Roslyn is 36 years of age, her predicted maximum heart rate is 184bpm, and we are given that her RHR (resting heart rate) is 64bpm. Thus, we’re aiming for a target heart rate range of 136 BPM to 172 BPM. For time, the duration depends on intensity, but optimally, we want to be working out for at least 20 minutes and at most an hour. As for the type of exercise, we can assess the options that are available and feasible for Roslyn to perform, and choose between weight-bearing exercises (such as walking or jogging) and non-weight-bearing exercises such as swimming or rowing. Another thing to consider is that Roslyn is sedentary, and may need to slowly progress into a more intense workout. A sample exercise training program for Roslyn may first start with a moderate-intensity aerobic activity for 30 minutes a day, three times a week (Monday, Wednesday, and Friday). As she gets more acclimated to the exercise level, we want to progress to more vigorous exercise. According to David P. Swain, vigorous aerobic exercise may result in “substantially more benefits than moderate-intensity exercise”, which include but are not limited to greater improvements in aerobic fitness and greater reductions in coronary heart disease risk. Thus, we can add two more days of vigorous aerobic exercise for Roslyn, such as jogging for 20 minutes on Tuesdays and Thursdays. Another important aspect to consider is motivation, which we can help Roslyn maintain by switching up her forms of exercise to keep interest. For example, we can switch out jogging with cycling, or hiking hilly terrain.