fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Dickens novel is considered an autobiography
Response: David Copperfield
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who bred the famous Gone West racehorse?
Context: Gone West (March 10, 1984 – September 7, 2009) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse. Bred by William O. Reed, he was a son of the influential sire Mr. Prospector. His dam, Secrettame, was a daughter of 1973 U.S. Triple Crown winner Secretariat.

Purchased by Alice du Pont Mills and raced under her Hickory Tree Stable banner, Gone West was conditioned for racing by U.S. Racing Hall of Fame trainer Woody Stephens.
Response: Gone West was bread by William O. Reed, the son of the influential sire Mr. Prospector.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Noodlefish or Noodle
Response: Noodlefish
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best way to get faster at running long distances?
Response: To become faster at running requires practicing a lot of long slow distance running mixed in with occasional interval training. It's also important to avoid injuries by stretching, investing in good running shoes, and sleeping and eating well.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the genomics of disease?
Response: With the advent of next-generation sequencing we are obtaining enough sequence data to map the genes of complex diseases including infertility, breast cancer or Alzheimer's disease. Genome-wide association studies are a useful approach to pinpoint the mutations responsible for such complex diseases. Through these studies, thousands of DNA variants have been identified that are associated with similar diseases and traits. Furthermore, the possibility for genes to be used at prognosis, diagnosis or treatment is one of the most essential applications. Many studies are discussing both the promising ways to choose the genes to be used and the problems and pitfalls of using genes to predict disease presence or prognosis.

Genome-wide association studies have successfully identified thousands of common genetic variants for complex diseases and traits; however, these common variants only explain a small fraction of heritability. Rare variants may account for some of the missing heritability. Large-scale whole genome sequencing studies have rapidly sequenced millions of whole genomes, and such studies have identified hundreds of millions of rare variants. Functional annotations predict the effect or function of a genetic variant and help to prioritize rare functional variants, and incorporating these annotations can effectively boost the power of genetic association of rare variants analysis of whole genome sequencing studies. Some tools have been developed to provide all-in-one rare variant association analysis for whole-genome sequencing data, including integration of genotype data and their functional annotations, association analysis, result summary and visualization. Meta-analysis of whole genome sequencing studies provides an attractive solution to the problem of collecting large sample sizes for discovering rare variants associated with complex phenotypes.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize the key developments in human evolution based on the paragraph below
Context: Primates diverged from other mammals about 85 million years ago (mya), in the Late Cretaceous period, with their earliest fossils appearing over 55 mya, during the Paleocene. Primates produced successive clades leading to the ape superfamily, which gave rise to the hominid and the gibbon families; these diverged some 15–20 mya. African and Asian hominids (including orangutans) diverged about 14 mya. Hominins (including the Australopithecine and Panina subtribes) parted from the Gorillini tribe (gorillas) between 8–9 mya; Australopithecine (including the extinct biped ancestors of humans) separated from the Pan genus (containing chimpanzees and bonobos) 4–7 mya. The Homo genus is evidenced by the appearance of H. habilis over 2 mya, while anatomically modern humans emerged in Africa approximately 300,000 years ago.
Response: 1) Primates diverged from other mammals 85 million years ago
2) The hominid family emerged 15-20 million years ago. 
3) Hominins parted from gorillas between 8 and 9 million years ago
4) Australopithecines separated from the Pan genus 4-7 million years ago
5) The Homo genus appeared over 2 million years ago
6) Anatomically modern humans emerged in Afirca 300,000 years ago
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you cook spare ribs on a pellet smoker?
Response: Smoking ribs on a pellet smoker gives the meat a consistent, slow cook, helping to tenderize the meat. The best way to smoke ribs on a smoker consists of the 3-2-1 method. Cook on the grates for 3 hours at 225 degrees F with your choice of seasoning (don't forget to use mustard as a binder!), after 3 hours, double wrap the ribs in foil add & add butter wrap tight and place back on the smoker for 2 hours, for the last hour you will want to remove the tin foil and baste the ribs with your choice of BBQ sauce. Crank up the heat to 250 for the remaining hour. After the hour has been completed, take off and enjoy!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some popular breakfast foods in the United States
Response: In the United States of America popular breakfasts include bacon and eggs, waffles, French toast, cereal and pancakes
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the Premier League?
Response: The Premier League (legal name: The Football Association Premier League Limited) is the highest level of the English football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the English Football League (EFL). Seasons typically run from August to May with each team playing 38 matches (playing all other teams both home and away). Most games are played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons, with occasional weekday evening fixtures.

The competition was founded as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League founded in 1888; however, teams may still be relegated into and promoted from the EFL Championship. The Premier League takes advantage of a lucrative television rights sale to Sky: from 2019 to 2020, the league's accumulated television rights deals were worth around £3.1 billion a year, with Sky and BT Group securing the domestic rights to broadcast 128 and 32 games respectively. The Premier League is a corporation where chief executive Richard Masters is responsible for its management, whilst the member clubs act as shareholders. Clubs were apportioned central payment revenues of £2.4 billion in 2016–17, with a further £343 million in solidarity payments to English Football League (EFL) clubs.

The Premier League is the most-watched sports league in the world, broadcast in 212 territories to 643 million homes and a potential TV audience of 4.7 billion people. For the 2018–19 season, the average Premier League match attendance was at 38,181, second to the German Bundesliga's 43,500, while aggregated attendance across all matches is the highest of any association football league at 14,508,981. Most stadium occupancies are near capacity. The Premier League ranks first in the UEFA coefficients of leagues based on performances in European competitions over the past five seasons as of 2021. The English top-flight has produced the second-highest number of UEFA Champions League/European Cup titles, with five English clubs having won fourteen European trophies in total.

Fifty clubs have competed since the inception of the Premier League in 1992: forty-eight English and two Welsh clubs. Seven of them have won the title: Manchester United (13), Manchester City (6), Chelsea (5), Arsenal (3), Blackburn Rovers (1), Leicester City (1) and Liverpool (1).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Is KQKZ a commercial radio station?
Context: KQKZ (92.1 FM "Q92.1") is a commercial radio station that is licensed to serve the community of Bakersfield, California. It is owned by Lotus Communications. Its studios are located in southwest Bakersfield, while its transmitter is located northeast of the city. It is a classic hits station branded Q92.1 (pronounced Q ninety-two-one).
Response: Yes, it is a commercial radio station.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: is customer service a great career
Response: yes
Category: open_qa
Instruction: FATF was established in which year?
Response: FATF was established in the year 1989
Category: classification
Instruction: Which months of the year are considered summer, spring, winter and autumn.
Response: Seasons depend on where you live. In the US, summer is usually June through August. Spring is March through May. Fall is September through November. Winter is December through February.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What type of natural disaster is known for occurring in San Francisco, California?
Response: Earthquakes are associated with San Francisco
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards, how is the position appointed?
Context: The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is an officer of the British House of Commons. The work of the officer is overseen by the Commons Select Committee on Standards.

The current commissioner is Daniel Greenberg.

Duties
The commissioner is in charge of regulating MPs' conduct and propriety. One of the commissioner's main tasks is overseeing the Register of Members' Financial Interests, which is intended to ensure disclosure of financial interests that may be of relevance to MPs' work.

The Commissioner is the decision-maker in cases from the Independent Complaints and Grievance Scheme where the respondent is a Member of Parliament. If the Commissioner deems a sanction warranted, they refer cases to the Independent Expert Panel so the appropriate sanction can be determined.

The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years and is an independent officer of the House, working a four-day week. The remit of the Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards does not extend to the House of Lords: the post of Lords Commissioner for Standards was created in 2010.
Response: The Parliamentary Commissioner for Standards is appointed by a resolution of the House of Commons for a fixed term of five years.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: who created the first Teddy bear?
Response: Teddy bears’ history dates back to a bear-hunting trip in 1902 when President Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt refused to kill a bear. The event made it to headlines of newspapers all over the US. Among them, the most famous one is from Clifford Berryman, he created a cartoon of the story and published it in the Washington Post on 11/16/1902. Morris Michtom then created a stuffed toy bear to pay respect to it. Morris and his wife owned a candy shop in Brookelyn and sales home-make toys in the shop too. They called the stuffed bear “Teddy bear”, and the sales of it soared since the day of its creation. There are a lot of famous teddy bear characters, including Care Bears, Yogi Bear, Teddy Ruxpin, Fozzie Bear, Little Bear, Berenstein Bears, Winnie the Pooh and Baloo!
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What event John Johnstone won as a rider?
Context: John Johnstone (1881-1935) was a British businessman and rider. He was the tai-pan of the Jardine, Matheson & Co., member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

He was the head of the Jardine, Matheson & Co. as well as director of numerous companies. He was member of the Shanghai Municipal Council and the Legislative Council of Hong Kong.

He was a keen rider and bore the reputation of being the best rider East of the Suez. He succeeded in winning the Jockey Cup on a pony named Ben-y-Gloe belonging to C. H. Ross, the former tai-pan of Jardines when he first went to Hong Kong in 1903. In 1904, he won the Professional Cup on a pony named Runaway Girl, purchased from W. A. Cruickshank. From 1903 to 1919, he rode in 1,178 races, winning 334, securing 192 seconds and 186 thirds, being unplaced 466 times, excluding the record of minor events such as Off Days or Gymkhanas. He won 14 Grand Nationals in China, and at one meeting in Hong Kong rode in 30 races winning 16 of them. He was also the President of the St. Andrew's Society.

He left Hong Kong on 31 March 1921 for home by the Empress of Asia.

In 1928 he won The Foxhunters Cup at Cheltenham riding Rathpatrick and officiated as steward at several of the northern meetings. He died at the Cheltenham meeting in 1935 where he was officiating.
Response: John Johnstone won the Jockey Cup on a horse named Ben-y-Gloe.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is the headquarters of Surrey County Council in Surrey?
Response: In 2021 Surrey County Council in England finally moved its headquarters back into its area of jurisdiction from its former location in the Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames. The new headquarters, in the Surrey town of Reigate, are on a site previously occupied by Canon UK. Historically Kingston had been part of the county of Surrey until it was made part of Greater London in 1965. Postal addresses in Kingston still often include Surrey despite not being part of the county anymore.
Category: classification
Instruction: I'm making a meal, please tell me which ingredients are fruits, vegetables, grains and meats. Lettuce, tomato, avocado, rice, beef, onion, garlic, cilantro.
Response: Lettuce: vegetable, tomato: fruit, avocado: fruit, rice: grain, beef: meat, onion: vegetable, garlic: vegetable, cilantro: vegetable
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the only established city of the Dothraki people?
Response: Vaes Dothrak is the only permanent settlement of the Dothraki people. It is located northeast of the Dothraki Sea.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Name the main characters of Feluda series by Satyajit Ray.
Context: Feluda, or Prodosh Chandra Mitra [Mitter], is a fictional detective, Private investigator created by famous Indian director and writer Satyajit Ray. Feluda resides at 21 Rajani Sen Road, Ballygunge, Calcutta, West Bengal. Feluda first made his appearance in a Bengali children's magazine called Sandesh in 1965, under the editorialship of Ray and Subhas Mukhopadhyay. His first adventure was Feludar Goendagiri. Feluda is one of the most impactful Bengali characters of all time.
Feluda is often accompanied by his cousin, who is also his assistant, Tapesh Ranjan Mitter (affectionately called Topshe by Feluda), who serves as the narrator of the stories. From the sixth story, Sonar Kella (The Golden Fortress), the duo are joined by a popular thriller writer Jatayu (Lalmohon Ganguli).
Feluda has had been filmed at times, with the character been played by Soumitra Chatterjee, Sabyasachi Chakrabarty, Ahmed Rubel, Shashi Kapoor, Abir Chatterjee, Parambrata Chatterjee, Tota Roy Chowdhury and Indraneil Sengupta. Satyajit Ray directed two Feluda movies — Sonar Kella (1974) and Joi Baba Felunath (1978). Sandip Ray made a new Feluda film series (continuation of the original series) on Feluda's adventures which started from Baksho Rahashya (1996). In this series he made ten TV films and six theatrical films in Bengali on the character. Sandip Ray also made a stand-alone Feluda film Badshahi Angti (2014) which was intended to be the first film of a reboot series featuring Abir Chatterjee, but the projects were ultimately shelved and Sandip Ray revived his original film series starring Sabyasachi Chakrabarty.
Response: The main characters of Feluda by  are Feluda (Prodosh Chandra Mitter), Topshe (Tapesh Ranjan Mitter) and Jatayu (Lalmohon Ganguli).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is Yoga effective in losing weight?
Response: Yoga helps burn calories. Specific forms of Yoga like Vinayasa, Ashtanga and Power Yoga help burn more calories since your body is mostly moving throughout the practice.
Being consistent and having a balanced diet goes hand in hand with any form of workout if one wishes to lose weight. Yoga can also help increase muscle mass and tone.

While practicing Yoga, one is constantly focusing on the breathing with each change in posture which helps increases mindfulness as well. Various researches have also shown that yoga also helps in managing stress and improve your mood.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Which dog would make the best pet?
Response: Dogs are by far the most popular pets, humans and dogs have been living side by side for thousands of years. 

Choosing the right breed of dog for you will require that you consider several factors such as your lifestyle, family needs, and the space you have available. 

There are small, medium, and large breeds for example Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Dachshund, Poodle, French Bulldog, Spaniel and Pomeranian. Research further the many breeds of dogs, their characteristics and temperaments to find the right dog for you.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who created the musical genre metal?
Response: The creation of metal is often attributed to the band Black Sabbath. Specifically, the feel and sound of metal come from their guitarist, Tony Iommi. War Pigs is a great song of theirs which shows the feel and sound of early metal. 

Fans of metal are often referred to as metalheads. Though its appearance and lyrics can be dark, metal actually has some of the more happiest fans of any musical genres. There have been studies on this proving this to be true; often citing the catharsis that is achieved via the expression of negative emotion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who invented the first car?
Response: Karl Benz invented the first car in 1896 AD.  It was a petrol-powered engine designed to travel slowly. Made entirely by hand, the number of cars on roads did not surge as the supply was limited. However, the first popular car was the Model T, built-in 1908 by Ford in the USA.  Ford sold over 15 million units of Model T worldwide.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are toe beans?
Response: Toe beans is a colloquial term originating on the Internet and is used to refer to the leathers of a cat (its toes and paw pad). It can also refer to a dog's paws but the term was popularized in the context of cats.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where should you visit in Belize if you are looking for a nice beach?
Response: You should visit Secret Beach on Ambergris Caye if you want to experience calm waters without sargassum (sea grass) on the beach. In Secret Beach you will find the typical postcard beaches with nice sand, calm waters and additionally you get to watch the sunset since this side of the island faces west. On the east side of Ambergris Caye, you will experience more wind, more waves and sargassum. However, this side of the island has better access to the reef for snorkeling and fishing.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which one of these instruments are brass instruments? trombone, viola, trumpet, tuba, flute, clarinet, saxophone and piano.
Response: The instruments out that list that are brass instruments are: trombone, trumpet and tuba.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the follow weapons used by the US Military as a Fighter Jet, Rifle, Attack Helicopter, or Tank: M4 Carbine, F16 Falcon, M1 Abrams, F15 Eagle, AH64 Apache, M1903 Springfield, AH1 Cobra, M4 Sherman, F14 Tomcat, F86 Sabre
Response: M4 Carbine - Rifle
F16 Falcon - Fighter Jet
M1 Abrams - Tank
F15 Eagle - Fighter Jet
AH64 Apache - Attack Helicopter
M1903 Springfield - Rifle
AH1 Cobra - Attack Helicopter
M4 Sherman - Tank
F14 Tomcat - Fighter Jet
F86 Sabre - Fighter Jet
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are not noble gases: helium, sodium, neon, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, lithium, boron, krypton, nitrogen, xenon, aluminium, radon.
Response: The following are not noble gases - sodium, oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, magnesium, lithium, boron, nitrogen, aluminium.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the names of the editors of Transportation Research Part D. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment is a peer-reviewed, international scientific journal which publishes work relating to land, sea, and air transportation systems and their impact on environmental systems. It was established in 1996 and is published by Elsevier. The editors-in-chief are Robert Noland (Rutgers University) and Jason Cao (University of Minnesota, Twin Cities).
Response: Robert Noland, Jason Cao
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the drawbacks of nuclear fusion?
Response: List of Cons of Nuclear Fusion
1. It is extremely difficult to achieve. 
In stars, strong gravitational forces and high temperatures naturally create a fusion environment. But here on Earth, we are facing the challenge to make nuclear fuel hot and confined enough to start a self-sustaining ignition.

Imagine trying to contain the plasma (a gaseous mixture of deuterium, tritium atoms and ions, and helium the fusion product) at 100 million degrees celsius. No material can withstand that temperature. So, scientists attempt to keep the plasma (being electrically charged and having a magnetic field of its own) suspended in a magnetic field produced by superconducting magnets around the fusion chamber/vessel. This is similar to how bullet trains float on their tracks at ridiculous speeds. This process is very difficult to achieve (as compared to nuclear FISSION).

2. It produces radioactive waste.
Though nuclear power plants only emit negligible amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, its nuclear fuel chain process does produce radioactive waste.

The radioactive waste produced with fusion is not the same as with fission, and the two are often confused. With a nuclear fission reactor, the radiation is alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays (which can penetrate your skin and break apart the bonds in your DNA structure, giving you all kinds of cancer). In contrast, in a nuclear fusion reactor, the vessel wall is the only part that will be bombarded by the high energy neutrons, and if, in the worst case, all the protective layers surrounding the main fusion vessel fail, the neutron radiation will stop as soon as fusion reaction stops. In a fission reactor, the cancer-causing radiation still exists even in the waste materials, which means that extreme measures are needed to burry the waste to keep it as far away as possible from humans. In the case of nuclear fusion, the activated materials (i.e., the metal vessels which have been bombarded by neutrons) can be stored safely for about 100 years, after which the radiation level becomes so low that they can be reused in the fusion reactor again.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do we have fences?
Response: Fences are used to physically show where your home lot start and where it ends.  It is also used to give you privacy from your neighbors and private space you can enjoy with friends, family and pets.  Fences can be decorated with plants or lights, or they can be painted to match another exterior color (e.g. house bricks).  Fences are made out wood planks that are nailed to perpendicular 2.x4 planks of wood with steel nails.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: 5 steps to make a fire
Response: Step 1: Clear a Circular Space on the Ground. ...
Step 2: Line the Circular Space With Large Rocks. ...
Step 3: Place the Small Sticks and Twigs in the Circular Space As a Platform. ...
Step 4: Place Dry Grass, and Leaves on the Kindling. ...
Step 5: Light the Fire With a Lighter or Matches.
Category: classification
Instruction: Is the sun a star or a planet?
Response: The sun is not a planet but a star. It is not only the nearest and sole star in our solar system, it also happens to be its center.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference text, how old was Trey Anastasio when he co-founded Phish?
Context: Ernest Joseph "Trey" Anastasio III (born September 30, 1964) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter, best known as the lead guitarist of the rock band Phish, which he co-founded in 1983. He is credited by name as composer of 152 Phish original songs, 141 of them as a solo credit, in addition to 41 credits attributed to the band as a whole. In addition to his work with Phish, Anastasio has released 11 solo albums, and been part of several side projects including the Trey Anastasio Band, Oysterhead, Ghosts of the Forest, Phil Lesh and Friends, and Surrender to the Air.
Response: Based on this passage, Trey was most likely 19 years old. He was born at the end of September in 1964 so there is a 25% chance that he was 20 years old when he co-founded Phish.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Based on the information below, when might people have started baking bread?
Context: Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry for food and non-food products. Agriculture was the key development in the rise of sedentary human civilization, whereby farming of domesticated species created food surpluses that enabled people to live in cities. While humans started gathering grains at least 105,000 years ago, nascent farmers only began planting them around 11,500 years ago. Sheep, goats, pigs and cattle were domesticated around 10,000 years ago. Plants were independently cultivated in at least 11 regions of the world. In the twentieth century, industrial agriculture based on large-scale monocultures came to dominate agricultural output.
Response: Bread typically requires grains as an ingredient, so it’s feasible that humans could make bread when they started gathering grains 105,000 years ago. However, it may be more likely that they began baking bread around the time they began intentionally planting grains 11,500 years ago.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was Catelyn Stark originally betrothed to marry?
Response: Catelyn Stark (nee Tully) was supposed to marry Brandon Stark, the heir to Winterfell, but Brandon was killed by the Mad King and instead, Catelyn married the next in line to the Winterfell claim, Eddard Stark.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a donut and a scone?
Response: A donut is a fried piece of dough, generally made from flour, eggs and liquor. It tends to be airy and soft. A scone is a dense pastry baked in the oven, as opposed to fried. Scones are more akin to bread and can be either savory or sweet.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dollu, Tidinet
Response: Tidinet is string, Dollu is percussion.
Category: classification
Instruction: For following Apps in Apple Store, help me classify them into different categories, categories include Business, Developer Tools, Education, Games, Music. 
Here is the App list: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office, Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client, Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23, SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds, GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music
Response: Here is the classification result based on the provided categories:

For Business: Slack, Microsoft Excel, WPS Office
For Developer Tools: Apple Developer, Xcode, CodeRunner 4, Termius -SSH&SFTP client
For Education: Kahoot, Duolingo, Complete Anatomy 23
For Games: SimCity, Civilization VI, NBA 2k23, Angry Birds
For Music: GarageBand, Spotify, QQ Music
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the generations of the Ford Bronco?
Response: 1966-1977 Generation 1 (also considered EB or Early Broncos)
1978-1979 Generation 2
1980-1986 Generation 3 (also called bull nose)
1987-1991 Generation 4 (also called brick nose)
1992-1996 Generation 5
2021-Present Generation 6 (also called new bronco)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the differences between a ukulele and guitar?
Response: While a ukulele looks like a smaller version of a guitar, there are some notable differences.

A guitar has 6 strings and a ukulele has 4 strings. Because of this, the sound range of a ukulele is narrower than a guitar.

Looking from the front of a guitar, the thickness of the strings increases gradually from right to left. For a ukulele, the two outmost strings are the thinnest and the second left string is the thickest. 

A ukulele is much smaller in the size, making it one of the most popular beginner instrument for kids.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Using valid, well-formatted JSON, generate a list of espresso spellings based on the text provided
Context: The spelling expresso is mostly considered incorrect, though some sources call it a less common variant. It is common in French and Portuguese. Italy uses the term espresso, substituting s for most x letters in Latin-root words; x is not considered part of the standard Italian alphabet. Italian people commonly refer to it simply as caffè (coffee), espresso being the ordinary coffee to order; the same happens in Portugal (café), with some regional variations (bica in Lisbon and cimbalino traditionally in Porto); in Spain, while café expreso is seen as the more "formal" denomination, café solo (alone, without milk) is the usual way to ask for it when at an espresso bar.
Response: espresso, expresso, coffee, caffè, café, bica, cimbalino, café expreso, café solo
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do little boys jump in a puddle of water or mud?
Response: Because they can. Because it was there. Because they have a sense their mother or father will disapprove so they are naturally inclined to do so.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is Type 2 Diabetes?
Context: Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
Response: Type 2 diabetes, formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, and unexplained weight loss.  Symptoms may also include increased hunger, feeling tired, and sores (wounds) that do not heal.  Often symptoms come on slowly. Long-term complications from high blood sugar include heart disease, strokes, diabetic retinopathy which can result in blindness, kidney failure, and poor blood flow in the limbs which may lead to amputations. The sudden onset of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state may occur; however, ketoacidosis is uncommon.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the most dangerous spider?
Response: It is hard to pinpoint the most dangerous spider because such a characterization involves not just how dangerous the spider's venom is, but also how aggressive the spider is, and how likely it is to bite someone.

The Brazillian Wandering Spider and Sydney Funnel Web spider both have very dangerous venom that can be lethal to humans.

Although the Brazillian Wandering Spider's venom is more dangerous, it often produces a "dry bite" where it doesn't inject venom.

The Sydney Funnel Web spider, on the other hand, is known to be aggressive and doesn't have the ability to perform a "dry bite".
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What specie is the Anachemmis sober?
Context: Anachemmis sober is a species of false wolf spiders & wandering spiders in the family Zoropsidae. It is found in the United States.
Response: Anachemmis sober is part of the family of spiders of the species of false wolf.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the government posts George Osborne held.
Context: George Osborne was elected as MP for Tatton in 2001, becoming the youngest Conservative member of the House of Commons. He was appointed Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury by Conservative leader Michael Howard in 2004. The following year he ran David Cameron's successful party leadership campaign, and was subsequently appointed Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer. After the 2010 general election, Osborne was appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in the Cameron–Clegg coalition. He succeeded Alistair Darling, inheriting a large deficit in government finances due to the effects of the late-2000s financial crisis. As Chancellor, Osborne's tenure pursued austerity policies aimed at reducing the budget deficit and launched the Northern Powerhouse initiative. After the Conservatives won an overall majority in the 2015 general election, Cameron reappointed him Chancellor in his second government and gave him the additional title of First Secretary of State. He was widely viewed as a potential successor to David Cameron as Leader of the Conservative Party; one Conservative MP, Nadhim Zahawi, suggested that the closeness of his relationship with Cameron meant that the two effectively shared power during the duration of the Cameron governments. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave the European Union and Cameron's consequent resignation, he was dismissed by Cameron's successor, Theresa May.
Response: Shadow Chief Secretary to the Treasury, Shadow Chancellor of the Exchequer, Chancellor of the Exchequer, First Secretary of State
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Should I buy a gravel bike or a down country mountain bike?
Response: Although there is reasonable overlap in what you can use gravel and downcountry bikes for, the answer her largely depends on what you plan to do the most of and if trail riding will be important for you. Gravel bikes are great for covering offroad miles more efficiently and long days in the saddle both on road or offroad. However, the lack of any meaningful suspension means that or but a small amount of time off paths and more established trails will be hard work. Downcountry bikes will enable you to go on a wider range of terrain, inlcuding the ability to do trail riding (be very careful before trying to navigate downhill trails on a gravel bike!). However, downcountry bikes are usually heavier but the full suspension and geometry makes them less efficient compared to a gravel bike.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How can I ensure exactly-once delivery when reading data from Kafka with Spark?
Response: To ensure exactly once delivery, you can use the idempotent producer setting in Kafka and the checkpointing mechanism in Spark Structured Streaming. This is possible to achieve if your sink is a delta table, but not if the sink is another Kafka topic.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is HDFS?
Response: HDFS (Hadoop Distributed File System) is a distributed file system that handles large data sets running on commodity hardware. It is used to scale a single Apache Hadoop cluster to hundreds (and even thousands) of nodes. HDFS is one of the major components of Apache Hadoop, the others being MapReduce and YARN.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What color is a banana when overripe?
Response: A banana will become splotchy yellow and brown when overripe
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are four universities in the state of Texas?
Response: Four universities in the state of Texas are University of Texas, Southern Methodist University,  Texas A&M, and Texas Tech.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is Pickleball getting so popular?
Response: Pickleball has been getting popular for a number of reasons. First, it is a relatively easy game to get into; you don't need that much equipment or skill to be able to start to play. Second, you can play with people of all ages. Because the games are short, you mix with a lot of people and it's a great way to meet others, making it a great social activity as well. Lastly, covid-19 limited many activities and sports that could be played. But Pickleball can be played in a small space (mainly outdoors) and thus many people picked up this sport during that time. Popularity has continued to grow since now athletes are purchasing professional teams and Pickleball is being televised more often!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the fastest or speediest animal?
Response: The fastest or speediest animal is the peregrine falcon. The peregrine falcon can achieve speeds of 242 mph (389 km/h) in a dive. However the fastest land animal is the cheetah. The cheetah can achieve speeds of 75 mph (120 km/h)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Nasdaq?
Response: The Nasdaq Stock Market (National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations Stock Market) is an American stock exchange based in New York City. It is the most active stock trading venue in the US by volume, and ranked second on the list of stock exchanges by market capitalization of shares traded, behind the New York Stock Exchange. The exchange platform is owned by Nasdaq, Inc., which also owns the Nasdaq Nordic stock market network and several U.S.-based stock and options exchanges. According to a Gallup poll conducted in 2022, approximately 58% of American adults reported having money invested in the stock market, either through individual stocks, mutual funds, or retirement accounts.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following items does not look the same as the others? Banana, orange, plum, pomegranate, watermelon.
Response: The correct answer is banana; all of the fruits listed are round except for banana.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List five titles by Margaret Atwood.
Response: The Handmaid's Tale, The Testaments, The Edible Woman, Oryx and Crake, The Year of the Flood
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest golfer ever?
Response: Most consider Jack Nicklaus the greatest golfer as he's won 18 major championships, the most of any golfer.  Major championships are considered the ultimate achievement in the sport of golf.  Jack Nicklaus also has the most runner-up finishes in major championships with 19 and the third most PGA Tour tournament wins with 73.  Many would argue that Tiger Woods is the greatest golfer of all-time with 15 major championships and more PGA Tour tournament wins (currently 82) because he played in a more modern era that was considered to have better competition than the era in which Jack Nicklaus played.  Tiger Woods was also considered to have had the largest impact on the overall popularity of the game of golf.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is it so hard to predict which teams will make the Men's College Basketball Final Four?
Response: Unlike other sports where playoff rounds can be a series of multiple games (such as the NBA, NHL, MLB, etc), the "March Madness" college basketball playoffs features single elimination games for each round, so in a one game playoff, upsets are much more likely than in a 7 game series, where the statistically better team is most like going to win. So, out of the 68 teams that make the tournament, it is hard to predict who will each round.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why did Captain Bligh sail to Tahiti?
Response: The British Navy assigned then-Lieutenant William Bligh the task of sailing to Tahiti to collect seedlings of the breadfruit tree and transport them to British colonies in the Caribbean.  The goal was to establish the breadfruit tree as a food source for the growing population in those Caribbean colonies.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How long does it take for a mustard seed to germinate?
Context: Mustard seeds are the small round seeds of various mustard plants. The seeds are usually about 1 to 2 millimetres (0.039 to 0.079 in) in diameter and may be colored from yellowish white to black. They are an important spice in many regional foods and may come from one of three different plants: black mustard (Brassica nigra), brown mustard (B. juncea), or white mustard (Sinapis alba).

Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard.

Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.
Response: Mustard seeds generally take eight to ten days to germinate if placed under the proper conditions, which include a cold atmosphere and relatively moist soil.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are some of the main characters in the show "South Park"?
Response: Some of the main characters in the show "South Park" are Cartman, Kenny, Kyle, and Stan.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please list down some details about Kate Elizabeth Pickett from given text
Context: Kate Elizabeth Pickett OBE FFPH FAcSS FRSA (born 1965) is a British epidemiologist and political activist who is Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of York, and was a National Institute for Health and Care Research Career Scientist from 2007–2012. She co-authored (with Richard G. Wilkinson) The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better and is a co-founder of The Equality Trust. Pickett was awarded a 2013 Silver Rose Award from Solidar for championing equality and the 2014 Charles Cully Memorial Medal by the Irish Cancer Society.
Response: 1. Kate Elizabeth Pickett, a British epidemiologist and political activist, was a Career Scientist at the National Institute for Health and Care Research from 2007 to 2012 and is currently a Professor of Epidemiology in the Department of Health Sciences at the University of York.
2. She founded The Equality Trust and co-authored The Spirit Level: Why More Equal Societies Almost Always Do Better with Richard G. Wilkinson.
3. For promoting equality, Pickett received the Solidar Silver Rose Award in 2013 and the Irish Cancer Society's Charles Cully Memorial Medal in 2014.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How many people visit the zoo in the US each year?
Context: A zoo (short for zoological garden; also called an animal park or menagerie) is a facility in which animals are kept within enclosures for public exhibition and often bred for conservation purposes.

The term zoological garden refers to zoology, the study of animals. The term is derived from the Greek ζώον, zoon, 'animal', and the suffix -λογία, -logia, 'study of'. The abbreviation zoo was first used of the London Zoological Gardens, which was opened for scientific study in 1828 and to the public in 1847. In the United States alone, zoos are visited by over 181 million people annually.
Response: 181 million people in the US visit the zoo annually each year.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is Magical Thinking?
Context: Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or that objects must be causally connected if they resemble each other or have come into contact with each other in the past. Magical thinking is a type of fallacious thinking and is a common sour
Response: Magical thinking is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to have an evergreen garden?
Response: In order to have an evergreen garden it's crucial to buy the right plants and plant them in the correct way in your garden. In order to choose your plants you will need to evaluate the soil and climate conditions in your garden. Please always consult planting guidance. I can strongly recommend Aucuba, Bergenia, Carex, Choisya, Cotoneaster, Erica, Escallonia, Hebe, Heuchera and Viburnum as perfect evergreen plants to put in your garden. This way you will always be surrounded by stunning green colours throughout the year with spikes of beautiful flowering in the summer.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the name of the person who first proposed and tested the law of conservation of energy.
Context: In physics and chemistry, the law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be conserved over time. This law, first proposed and tested by Émilie du Châtelet, means that energy can neither be created nor destroyed; rather, it can only be transformed or transferred from one form to another. For instance, chemical energy is converted to kinetic energy when a stick of dynamite explodes. If one adds up all forms of energy that were released in the explosion, such as the kinetic energy and potential energy of the pieces, as well as heat and sound, one will get the exact decrease of chemical energy in the combustion of the dynamite.
Response: Émilie du Châtelet first proposed and tested the law of conservation of energy.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is the primary form of travel in the United States personal vehicle rather than by mass transit?
Response: One reason that mass transit isn't as popular in the United States is that many large cities were built with vehicles in mind thus leading to transportation optimized for vehicular transport. Another reason is that American citizens are much more tolerable or longer travel times, often traveling more than four hours just to visit friends and family in neighboring states.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the various ways to say Good Friday from the text. Separate them with a new line.
Context: Good Friday is a Christian holiday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and his death at Calvary. It is observed during Holy Week as part of the Paschal Triduum. It is also known as Holy Friday, Great Friday, Great and Holy Friday (also Holy and Great Friday), and Black Friday.
Response: Good Friday is also referred to as:
Holy Friday
Great Friday
Black Friday
Great and Holy Friday
Holy and Great Friday
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Name the seven Alpine countries from West to East.
Context: The Alps (/ælps/) are the highest and most extensive mountain range in Europe, stretching approximately 1,200 km (750 mi) across seven Alpine countries (from west to east): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia.
The Alpine arch extends from Nice on the western Mediterranean to Trieste on the Adriatic and Vienna at the beginning of the Pannonian Basin. The mountains were formed over tens of millions of years as the African and Eurasian tectonic plates collided. Extreme shortening caused by the event resulted in marine sedimentary rocks rising by thrusting and folding into high mountain peaks such as Mont Blanc and the Matterhorn.
Mont Blanc spans the French–Italian border, and at 4,809 m (15,778 ft) is the highest mountain in the Alps. The Alpine region area contains 128 peaks higher than 4,000 m (13,000 ft).
Response: The seven Alpine countries (from West to East): France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, and Slovenia.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: On what month and day was Antwan Deon Odom born?
Context: Antwan Deon Odom (born September 24, 1981) is a former American football defensive end. He was drafted by the Tennessee Titans in the second round of the 2004 NFL Draft. He played college football at Alabama. He has also played for the Cincinnati Bengals.
Response: September 24
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the top clean beauty brands for women in their 20s
Response: -Westman Atelier 
-Ilia 
-Kosas 
-RMS Beauty
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the ingredients needed to make pasta carbonara. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Carbonara (Italian: [karboˈnaːra]) is a Roman pasta dish made with eggs, hard cheese, cured pork and black pepper. The dish took its modern form and name in the middle of the 20th century.

The cheese is usually Pecorino Romano, Parmigiano-Reggiano, or a combination of the two. Spaghetti is the most common pasta, but fettuccine, rigatoni, linguine, or bucatini are also used. Normally guanciale or pancetta are used for the meat component,] but lardons of smoked bacon are a common substitute outside Italy.
Response: Eggs, hard cheese, cured pork, black pepper
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Erxian, Alfaia
Response: Erxian is string, Alfaia is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who wrote the music for the ballets Firebird and Rites of Spring
Response: Igor Stravinsky
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the evolved form of Pikachu?
Response: The evolved form of Pikachu is Raichu.