fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How difficult is it to learn how to water ski?
Response: For most people, learning how to water ski on two skis is pretty easy, but learning how to single ski is quite difficult. A recommended way to work toward learning how to single ski is to start on two skis, and then learn how to drop a ski. Once you are comfortable dropping a ski, you can then try starting from a single ski, which may take many weeks to learn, as well as require a fair amount of strength and athleticism.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top nominated films to the Academy Awards in 2023?
Response: The top nominated films for the 2023 Academy Awards are as follows:

Everything Everywhere All at Once - 11 nominations
All Quiet on the Western Front - 9 nominations
The Banshees of Inisherin - 9 nominations
Elvis - 8 nominations
The Fabelmans - 7 nominations
Tár - 6 nominations
Top Gun: Maverick - 6 nominations
Black Panther: Wakanda Forever - 5 nominations
Avatar: The Way of Water - 4 nominations
Babylon - 3 nominations
The Batman - 3 nominations
Triangle of Sadness - 3 nominations
The Whale - 3 nominations
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List the colors of the rainbow
Response: Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and purple
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What are the various ways by which one can stay active in the day to help fight obesity?
Response: Here are the following ways by which one can stay physically fit and avoid weight again:
1. Get atleast 10000 steps a day. This can be done by walking up and down the stairs when the opportunity arises, going for a walk during the day and maybe even walking around the house.
2. Reduce consumption of processed foods like sugar, starch etc. Eating plenty of green vegetables and fruits has a lot of health benefits.
3. Find a workout type thay excites you like rhumba, or running. Going to the gym and doing some boring workout will not be sustainable in the long term
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top 10 songs on the Billboard Year End list from 1987?
Response: The top 10 songs from the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1987 are as follows:

1.	"Walk Like An Egyptian", The Bangles
2.	"Alone", Heart
3.	"Shake You Down", Gregory Abbott
4.	"I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)", Whitney Houston
5.	"Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now", Starship
6.	"C'est La Vie", Robbie Nevil
7.	"Here I Go Again", Whitesnake
8.	"The Way It Is", Bruce Hornsby and the Range
9.	"Shakedown", Bob Seger
10.	"Livin' on a Prayer", Bon Jovi
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bubon, Kobyz
Response: Kobyz is string, Bubon is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Dividend?
Response: If a company has profits to share out, it can pay a dividend. The shareholders get so much
dividend for each share they own.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which F1 drivers race for Red Bull Racing in the 2023 season?
Response: Max Verstappen and Sergio Perez
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Best way to buy a new or used car?
Response: Before you visit a dealership, get financing from your bank so that you have leverage at the dealership and can compare interest rates. Do research online to identify cars you would like to see in person. The more you look online, the more you will understand pricing, incentives, and upgrades available. Line up a few options that you would like to see in person. Always test drive any car you are considering. Know before you go to the dealership how much you want to offer for the car you like. If the dealership does not accept the offer, be willing to walk out and onto the next car. Do not let the dealership force you into optional packages or services you do not want. They can not force you to buy the extras. You will get the best deal if you are patient and do your research to know when you find a good deal.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think of a bunch of different ways you could lift weights at home without any dumbbells or gym equipment.
Response: 1. Bodyweight training: Bodyweight training (calisthenics) is the easiest way to train at home without any gym equipment. It can help you build muscle mass and increase your strength.
2. Backpack: You can fill a backpack with books or other heavy things at home and use it instead of weights.
3. Plastic bottles: fill plastic bottles with water and duck tape them together. With a box of 6 x 2 L plastic bottles fully filled with water, you will have 12 KG of weights.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is it like to live in Miami for someone moving from California?
Response: First, you'll notice the heat. Miami is hot and humid all year round. Next you will notice that the dominate culture is Latin. This permeates into the way that people dress, and the food that the local restaurants offer. Miami is also incredibly flat, with no major hills or change in elevation throughout the city.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are red wigglers?
Response: Their true name is eisenia fetida and is known as the most common compost worm. These worms are not found in the soil but rather live in the upper layers of organic matter.

The worms have gizzards like chickens. They are hermaphroditic which means they have move male and female sex organs. It takes two worms to produce a cocoon which could produce three worms each.

The worms produce vermicast (worm poop) which many organic famers use to add to their soil.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following countries are in Asia: India, South Korea, Japan, United States of America, Morocco, New Zealand, Indonesia, Singapore, Mexico?
Response: The Asian countries are - India, South Korea, Japan, Indonesia, Singapore.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How to get a good Survey for a product
Response: Firstly you need to respond to the customer with in SLA and try to engage in all the triaging things you are doing to debug the case. secondly schedule 1-1 with customer to see if this can reproduced in the call. if it is a bug, please raise it with the developer to see if they can fix it. finally build the trust and confidence in the product and try to meet customer expectations.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are women scientists: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell, Archimedes, Albert Einstein, Ernest Rutherford, Alfred Nobel, Alexander Fleming, Michael Faraday, Niels Bohr, Stephen Hawking, Alan Turing.
Response: Marie Curie, Elizabeth Blackwell, Jane Goodall, Rosalind Franklin, Ada Lovelace, Maria Mitchell are women scientists.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether companies keep each of these confidential or publish publicly: acquisition targets, customer data, marketing materials, blog posts, product instructions
Response: Acquisition Targets: Confidential
Customer Data: Confidential
Marketing Materials: Publish Publicly
Blog Posts: Publish Publicly
Product Instructions: Publish Publicly
Category: summarization
Instruction: Tell me some facts about hemoglobin with the given text as a reference
Context: Hemoglobin (haemoglobin in British English), abbreviated Hb or Hgb, is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein present in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates.Hemoglobin in blood carries oxygen from the respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to the rest of the body (i.e. tissues). There it releases the oxygen to permit aerobic respiration to provide energy to power functions of an organism in the process called metabolism. A healthy individual human has 12 to 20 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.
Response: 1. Hemoglobin/Hb/Hgb is the iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein which is present
in red blood cells (erythrocytes) of almost all vertebrates (the exception being the fish
family  Channichthyidae ) as well as the tissues of some invertebrates
2. Hemoglobin carries oxygen in blood from respiratory organs (e.g. lungs or gills) to rest of the
body(i.e. tissue).
3. Metablolism is the energy to power functions of an organism. Hemoglobin releases the oxygen
to permit aerobic respiration .
4. Healthy human have 12 to 25 grams of hemoglobin in every 100 mL of blood.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these animals can be pets? Wolf, dog, rabbit, squirrel, cat, lion.
Response: While most animals can be domesticated, dogs, rabbits and cats are common pets.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was Cleopatra's first husband
Response: Ptolemy Dionysus – her brother
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What singer has had a Billboard No. 1 hit in each of the last four decades?
Response: Mariah Carey
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph, which two US interstates were not originally continuous? Have they now been made continuous?
Context: The system was proclaimed complete in 1992, but two of the original Interstates—I-95 and I-70—were not continuous: both of these discontinuities were due to local opposition, which blocked efforts to build the necessary connections to fully complete the system. I-95 was made a continuous freeway in 2018, and thus I-70 remains the only original Interstate with a discontinuity.

I-95 was discontinuous in New Jersey because of the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway. This situation was remedied when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project started in 2010 and partially opened on September 22, 2018, which was already enough to fill the gap.

However, I-70 remains discontinuous in Pennsylvania, because of the lack of a direct interchange with the Pennsylvania Turnpike at the eastern end of the concurrency near Breezewood. Traveling in either direction, I-70 traffic must exit the freeway and use a short stretch of US-30 (which includes a number of roadside services) to rejoin I-70. The interchange was not originally built because of a legacy federal funding rule, since relaxed, which restricted the use of federal funds to improve roads financed with tolls. Solutions have been proposed to eliminate the discontinuity, but they have been blocked by local opposition, fearing a loss of business.
Response: The two discontinuous interstates were the I-95 and the I-70. The I-95 was discontinuous up until September 22, 2018 when the construction of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate was completed. The I-70, however, remains discontinuous.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is karaoke fun?
Response: It depends.  Some people like karaoke, and some don't.  You might enjoy karaoke if, for example, you have an outgoing personality, like to sing or perform publicly, or enjoy bonding with others over music.  Others might find karaoke to be loud or may not like listening to amateur performers, who at times can also be intoxicated if performing at a karaoke bar.  In addition, when at a public location that offers karaoke, the songs are selected by the performer, so you cannot predict whether you will enjoy the music selection (unless you may happen to rent a private room where you can select all of the songs yourself, which is offered at certain karaoke institutions).  Interestingly, whether or not you personally would consider yourself to have a good voice does not always determine how much you will enjoy karaoke.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Which holidays are statutory summer holidays in the southern hemisphere?
Context: Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.
Response: Southern Hemisphere countries have statutory Christmas and New Year holidays during the simmer break.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the best soccer player ?
Response: This is a question that is often debated during dinners. To remain as factual as possible, it would certainly be appropriate to mention the name of the current Golden Ball: Karim Benzema.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What foods are good sources of protein?
Response: Protein is essential for body function and is great for repairing and building muscles in your body. Eggs, chicken breast, and lean beef all have a lot of protein. So do dairy items like greek yogurt, cottage cheese, and milk. Vegetarians can find high protein in legumes like lentils, black beans, and chickpeas.

If you find you aren't getting enough protein in your daily diet, consider getting a protein supplement and adding it to smoothies.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Which of the following animals live in the snow: Dog, Bonobos, Cat, Polar bear, Whale shark, Arctic fox, Orangutans, Snow leopard, Lion, Ocean sunfish, Koala, Cheetah, Beluga sturgeon, Orca, Gorillas, Camel, Hamsters, Penguins, Blue whale, Chimpanzee
Response: There are some animals in that list that typically live in the snow! Polar bear, Arctic fox, Snow leopard and Penguins.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Which do you prefer, cakes or pies? Describe why you believe this way.
Response: Pies are superior than cakes. Both cakes and pies have a wide variety of flavor options, with options to have pies or cakes filled with fruit, chocolate, mousse or any number of other flavors. Therefore, the variety of flavors is a tie between cakes and pies. However, pies are better for two main reasons. The first is that they typically have a much richer flavor in their filling, whereas cakes are often less flavorful and the frosting is too sweet. Second, pies don't suffer from dry fillings, whereas far too many cakes are completely dry. This makes pies overall a much better dessert to choose.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize the battle of Pävankhind.
Context: Battle of Pävankhind was a rearguard last stand that took place on 13 July 1660, at a mountain pass in the vicinity of fort Vishalgad, near the city of Kolhapur with the Maratha warrior Baji Prabhu Deshpande and Sambhu Singh Jadhav against Siddi Masud of the Bijapur Sultanate. The engagement ended with the destruction of the Maratha forces, and a tactical victory for the Bijapur Sultanate that failed to achieve a strategic victory.
Response: In 1660, Shivaji Maharaj was trapped in the fort of Panhala, under siege and vastly outnumbered by an Adilshah army led by an Abyssinian General called Siddi Masud. Shivaji Maharaj planned to escape to the Maratha fort of Vishalgad. Two Maratha sardars under the Adilshahi General Siddi Jouhar, namely Suryarao Surve and Jaswantrao Dalvi had also encircled the fort of Vishalgad simultaneously. Shivaji Maharaj waited for months, planning and depleting the Adilshah's food source.

Shivaji Maharaj, Baji Prabhu, and around 600 of their best troops, would dash through the Adilshahi force at night. A man named Shiva Kashid, who resembled Shivaji Maharaj in appearance, had volunteered to dress like the king and get captured. This bought some additional time due to the confusion over identity, before Siddi Masud realised the error and gave chase.


Baji Prabhu Deshpande Statue in Panhala Fort
Shivaji Maharaj made his escape on the dark night of 13 July, with his troops and the Adilshah army was in pursuit with an army of 10,000. It was clear that there was no way to shake off the enemy, and that the Marathas would not simultaneously prevail over both the Moghul garrison at Vishalgad and the chasing Adilshahi army.

The only option was for a section of the Marathas to stay back and fight the larger Adilshahi forces in a rearguard action, while the rest of the Marathas would carry on to their destination. Shivaji Maharaj decided to split his forces. Baji Prabhu agreed to face the troops of Bijapur with 300 soldiers. Shivaji Maharaj told Baji Prabhu that he would hear cannons being fired 5 times from Vishalgad, signaling Shivaji Maharaj’s safety. The strategic position of Ghod Khind (Horse Pass) was chosen for the defence, as it was very narrow and only a few soldiers could pass at any one time.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best kind of shade tree for a backyard in growing region 6?
Response: There are many great trees homeowners in growing region 6 may want to consider for their backyard depending on their priorities. 

First, the two main types of trees are deciduous, trees that lose their leaves each winter, and evergreen, which retain their foliage year round. Many of the most popular shade trees are deciduous trees, however there are some great evergreen options as well.

Starting with deciduous trees, there are flowering trees and traditional shade trees. Of the traditional shade trees, you may want to consider maples and oaks, of which there are many varieties. Red maples grow a bit slower than silver maples, but have hardier bark, beautiful red leaves in the fall, and a more pleasing traditional branching habit that many prefer vs, Silver maples. Sugar maples growth slower still, but are beautiful, prized trees that turn glowing orange in the fall and produce the sap used in maple syrup come spring. These trees can be 40-70 feet tall at maturity. Oaks are incredibly beautiful trees that are typically a little slower growing than maples, but have strong bark, enabling them to survive harsher conditions and have a long lifespan. They can handle being used as street trees as they do fine with moderate pollution levels and salt from de-icing. You really can't go wrong with maples or oaks as a summer shade tree, with their tall canopies providing wonderful shade once their leaves fill in during the spring.

Some popular flowering options that provide ample shade include cherry and magnolia trees, both of which have beautiful showy spring flowers and reach a height of 20-60 feet at maturity depending on which of the many variants you choose (be careful with this as some are best suited to warmer climates and don't tolerate the cold as well). 

For evergreens, the options are a bit more limited as many of these trees have low canopies that extend all the way to the ground. Many species of spruce and fir tree can have their canopies raised as they mature, creating space underneath for shade. Some pine trees have ample canopy under them, however their thin needle density can limit the amount of shade they provide.

Whichever you ultimately choose, Shade trees add a ton of value to a home and are a great investment. Consider working with an arborist to make the decision based on your lighting and soil conditions. Enlisting a professional's help with planting will ensure your new tree is set up to grow healthy and strong.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who invented the airplane?
Response: The airplane was invented by Santos Dumont, a Brazilian inventor. He flew for the first time in France, in the year of 1906.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top 5 television sitcoms of all time?
Response: 1. Seinfeld
2. The Office
3. Mash
4. Cheers
5. Friends
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What type of bicycle should I buy?
Response: Buying the right bicycle depends on the experience you are interested in. For example, mountain bikes provide off-road biking experiences in forest trails and rough terrain; gravel bikes include trail and road biking experiences; road bikes provide long-distance rides on paved roads; and commuter bikes are great for casual rides.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the main prerequisite for an AI to surpass human-level intelligence?
Context: If a superhuman intelligence were to be invented—either through the amplification of human intelligence or through artificial intelligence—it would vastly improve over human problem-solving and inventive skills. Such an AI is referred to as Seed AI because if an AI were created with engineering capabilities that matched or surpassed those of its human creators, it would have the potential to autonomously improve its own software and hardware to design an even more capable machine, which could repeat the process in turn. This recursive self-improvement could accelerate, potentially allowing enormous qualitative change before any upper limits imposed by the laws of physics or theoretical computation set in. It is speculated that over many iterations, such an AI would far surpass human cognitive abilities.
Response: An AI system needs to have the capability of recursive self-improvement. Once available such a capability would allow the AI system to accelerate its development at a rapid rate.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who says Pi is Wrong?
Response: In the early 21st century, Bob Palais (a mathematician) and Michael Hartl (a physicist) declared that Pi, the traditional circle constant, was wrong.  Their argument is that Pi, defined as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, is not the most effective or clear way to describe the geometry of a circle.

Palais and Hartl contend that the ratio of a circle's circumference to its radius is a more useful constant.  They chose to name this new constant Tau.  Arithmetically, Tau = 2*Pi.

They argued that Tau produces cleaner mathematical equations throughout physics, mathematics, and statistics and, further, that it makes it easier to teach trigonometry and analytic geometry to new learners.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name some fruits that have red skin.
Response: Strawberries, Cherries, Dragonfruit and Apples all have red skin.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List the teams that have won IPL.
Context: The Indian Premier League (IPL) (also known as the TATA IPL for sponsorship reasons) is a men's Twenty20 (T20) cricket league held annually in India and contested by ten city-based franchise teams. The league was founded by the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) in 2007. Brijesh Patel is the incumbent chairman of the IPL. The competition is usually held annually in summer (between March and May) and has an exclusive window in the ICC Future Tours Programme, meaning that less international cricket take place during the IPL seasons.
The IPL is the most popular cricket league in the world, and in 2014 it was ranked sixth by average attendance among all sports leagues.[needs update] In 2010, the IPL became the first sporting event in the world to be broadcast live on YouTube. The brand value of the IPL in 2022 was ₹90,038 crore (US$11 billion). According to BCCI, the 2015 IPL season contributed ₹1,150 crore (US$140 million) to the GDP of the Indian economy. In December 2022, the league became a decacorn valued at $10.9 billion registering a 75% growth in dollar terms since 2020 when it was valued at $6.2 billion, according to a report by consulting firm D & P Advisory.
With five titles, Mumbai Indians are the most successful team in the league's history in terms of the number of titles won. The Chennai Super Kings have won four titles, the Kolkata Knight Riders have won two, and four other teams, Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans have won the title once.
Response: The teams that have won IPL are Mumbai Indians, Chennai Super Kings, Kolkata Knight Riders, Rajasthan Royals, Deccan Chargers, Sunrisers Hyderabad and Gujarat Titans.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: I'm a 12-year-old girl and I want to have my own cellphone because everyone else in my class have one. I just want to be part of the group and join their conversations. My mother did not refuse my request, but she asked me how to solve her concerns about the potential harm to me. What should I do to convince her to give me a cellphone? Here are here concerns:
1. Using cellphone too much would harm your eye sight. Especially for teenagers, whose eyes are still growing, it's very easy to have near-sight pretty quickly.
2. Using cellphone too much would take too much of your time, and you would spend less time reading books, doing exercises, playing outside, talking to people, which harms your overall development. Adults like me already ready lots of books, did lots of exercises, and talked to a lot of people when I was a teenager, so I already developed those skills.
3. Using cellphone too much would make you feel hard to focus on one thing. The scattered information would stimulate your attention, and make you feel excited at superficial contents, and don't think deeply.
4. You might accidentally lost your cellphone, and you will feel sad about it. Teenagers usually are more likely to lost things than adults in general.
Response: Hi mom, I think I can handle the problems you mentioned properly. I will control myself and won't use the cellphone too much, and I promise to not losing the cellphone. Please give a cellphone, thank you mom!
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Panduri, Zurna
Response: Zurna is woodwind, Panduri is string.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the adverse affects of Foley catheters, please list the main risks.
Context: Catheterized bladders become colonized by microorganisms very quickly, with a daily incidence of 3-10%; after four days, between 10-30% of patients develop bacteriuria. Whilst the presence of a catheter does increase the incidence of bloodstream infections secondary to a urinary origin, there is a huge amount of unnecessary, and likely harmful, antimicrobial prescribing on the basis of detection of asymptomatic bacteriuria. The industry is moving to silver-coated catheters in an attempt to reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections, although there is limited evidence of efficacy. An additional problem is that Foley catheters tend to become coated over time with a biofilm that can obstruct the drainage. This increases the amount of stagnant urine left in the bladder, which further contributes to urinary tract infections. When a Foley catheter becomes clogged, it must be flushed or replaced. There is currently not enough adequate evidence to conclude whether washouts are beneficial or harmful.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foley_catheter
Response: The risks of a Foley catheter include urinary tract and bloodstream infections. In addition, overprescribing of medications to treat infections leads to what is likely additional risk.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What is the best location for an all-season vacation home with proximity to Philadelphia?
Response: There are many options with lakes, mountains and beaches within 150 miles of Philadelphia. Rehoboth Beach, Dewey Beach and Bethany Beach Delaware are accessible and family-friendly destinations that have something for everyone; with beautiful parks, free beaches and tax-free outlet shopping. There is also a vibrant restaurant scene with top-notch seafood and highly-rated breweries that remain open year-round.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How many miles is Earth from the sun?
Response: On average the Earth is 92.96 million miles from the Sun.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an experiment?
Response: An experiment is a scientific process that uses the element of discovery and hypothesis to test out a known fact.  A series of actions are executed and then a person observes the outcomes of those actions.  Experiments also give us insight into cause and effect.  The best way to develop an experiment is to come up with a set of questions to test a hypothesis about something.
Category: classification
Instruction: What type of movie is Nope?
Response: Nope is a science-fiction horror movie released in 2022.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is summer break?
Context: Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.
Response: Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Waxley?
Response: "Light in the Darkness"
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many provinces contain the word ‘Holland’?
Response: There are 6 provinces in the Netherlands that contain the word ‘Holland’. These provinces are North Holland, South Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Flevoland, and Gelderland.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the date when Lincoln was assasinated
Context: During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Washington, D.C., the capital city of the United States, was the center of the Union war effort, which rapidly turned it from a small city into a major capital with full civic infrastructure and strong defenses.

The shock of the Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861, with demoralized troops wandering the streets of the capital, caused President Abraham Lincoln to order extensive fortifications and a large garrison. That required an influx of troops, military suppliers and building contractors, which would set up a new demand for accommodation, including military hospitals. The abolition of slavery in Washington in 1862 also attracted many freedmen to the city. Except for one attempted invasion by Confederate cavalry leader Jubal Early in 1864, the capital remained impregnable.

When Lincoln was assassinated in Ford's Theater in April 1865, thousands flocked into Washington to view the coffin, further raising the profile of the city. The new president, Andrew Johnson, wanted to dispel the funereal atmosphere and organized a program of victory parades, which revived public hopes for the future.
Response: Lincoln was assassinated in Ford's Theater in April 1865
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why education is so important apart from career opportunity
Response: A good and educated person only can treat another person as an human being.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether each of these wines is red or white: Merlot, Pinot Noir, Pinot Gris, Malbec, Syrah, Riesling, Chardonnay
Response: Merlot: Red
Pinot Noir: Red
Pinot Gris: White
Malbec: Red
Syrah: Red
Riesling: White
Chardonnay: White
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the most common spoken language in the world?
Response: Chinese
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Africa, why Africa's per capita  GDP is low?
Context: Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia in both aspects. At about 30.3 million km2 (11.7 million square miles) including adjacent islands, it covers 20% of Earth's land area and 6% of its total surface area. With 1.4 billion people as of 2021, it accounts for about 18% of the world's human population. Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; the median age in 2012 was 19.7, when the worldwide median age was 30.4. Despite a wide range of natural resources, Africa is the least wealthy continent per capita and second-least wealthy by total wealth, behind Oceania. Scholars have attributed this to different factors including geography, climate, tribalism, colonialism, the Cold War, neocolonialism, lack of democracy, and corruption. Despite this low concentration of wealth, recent economic expansion and the large and young population make Africa an important economic market in the broader global context.
Response: While there are several reasons high population growth, corruption and colonialism and neocolonialism are some of the the factors.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What does the term "tulip mania" mean?
Context: Tulip mania (Dutch: tulpenmanie) was a period during the Dutch Golden Age when contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels. The major acceleration started in 1634 and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered to have been the first recorded speculative bubble or asset bubble in history. In many ways, the tulip mania was more of a then-unknown socio-economic phenomenon than a significant economic crisis. It had no critical influence on the prosperity of the Dutch Republic, which was one of the world's leading economic and financial powers in the 17th century, with the highest per capita income in the world from about 1600 to about 1720. The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.
Response: The term "tulip mania" is now often used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble when asset prices deviate from intrinsic values.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a poem or journal entry about numbers that have special meaning to you.
Response: My special number is 2. When I was a child, I would get up early every Saturday morning to go to football training. To be honest with you, I hated the training. I hated the cold, I hated the rain, I hated the mud, and I was never very good at football. 

But I will always remember feeling extremely proud playing a game in summertime. The game was in Slough, and I was playing for a team called Old Windsor Tigers. I wore the number 2 shirt, and had an incredible game, playing centre half. That was the only Man of the Match award I ever won. I'm still terrible at football, but I love the sport as a spectator, and that memory will always be special to me.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Provide some of the examples of regional governments.
Context: Federalism is a combined and compound mode of government that combines a general government (the central or "federal" government) with regional governments (provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments) in a single political system, dividing the powers between the two. Federalism in the modern era was first adopted in the unions of states during the Old Swiss Confederacy.Federalism differs from confederalism, in which the general level of government is subordinate to the regional level, and from devolution within a unitary state, in which the regional level of government is subordinate to the general level. It represents the central form in the pathway of regional integration or separation, bounded on the less integrated side by confederalism and on the more integrated side by devolution within a unitary state.
Response: provincial, state, cantonal, territorial, or other sub-unit governments
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is it better to invest in the stock market or to keep money in a savings account?
Response: There are key differences between investing in the stock market versus keeping money in a savings account. Savings accounts can be FDIC insured up to $250k (although there are services that can increase this limit such as Wealthfront) and thus are extremely safe places to store money, but these accounts generally have very low interest rates and thus the money will not grow quickly (or at all, compared to inflation). Generally it is recommended to keep an emergency fund available in savings accounts as they may need to be quickly accessible. 

The stock market works differently - you are purchasing shares of a company, and ideally that company grows over time, thus increasing the value of the underlying stocks. People generally invest in the stock market in order to grow their money over time, although it is recommended to measure the success or failure of investments over a long time period (greater than 10 years). The broader US stock market has historically grown nearly 10%/year on average, although many years significantly deviate from that growth rate.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Does SCI Dallas hold men or women?
Context: According to the official Department of Corrections web site, SCI Dallas (Luzerne County, 10 miles from Wilkes-Barre) was opened in 1960 as an institution for defective delinquents. After the state Supreme Court decision of 1966 voided the concept of "defective delinquents," Dallas, like Huntingdon, became an adult institution. It now is a medium-security facility for men.
Response: men
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Can you write a High Five to a colleague for the partnership at a customer account and the hard work he did?
Response: Thanks for always being there to help on customer account. I can't imagine how difficult our discussions would have been if we didn't have you.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these titles are by Walter Dean Myers and which are by Rick Riordan Jr.? Hoops, The Legend of Tarik, Ambush in the Amazon, Crystal, The Life of a Harlem Man, The Lost Hero, The Titan's Curse, The Lightning Thief, The Red Pyramid, The Demigod Diaries
Response: Walter Dean Myers titles: Hoops, The Legend of Tarik, Ambush in the Amazon, Crystal, The Life of a Harlem Man 
Rick Riordan Jr. titles: The Lost Hero, The Titan's Curse, The Lightning Thief, The Red Pyramid, The Demigod Diaries
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What goes into a credit score?
Response: In the US, a credit score is based off information given in a credit report. These are analyzed and grouped into five categories: payment history (35%), amounts owed (30%), length of credit history (15%), new credit (10%) and credit mix (10%). Both positive and negative information is gathered in each category.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the meaning of life?
Response: Some say it's love and family, others say it's 42. I say you should probably figure this one out for yourself.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who is the founder of the I Liq Chuan martial art?
Context: Sam F.S. Chin (Chin Fan Siong, 曾帆祥, born August 1, 1954) is the Grandmaster and Gatekeeper of the martial art called I Liq Chuan, and also known as "the Martial Art of Awareness". Chin developed the grading system for this system. 

Chin was trained since childhood by his father, Chin Lik Keong, founder of I Liq Chuan, and in 1978, he won the state heavy weight kickboxing championships of Selangor (Malaysia). In August 2009 Chin was officially named the Gate Keeper and Lineage Holder of the I Liq Chuan. He is also the founder and President of Chin Family I Liq Chuan Association that supports the martial art's growth.

Chin has taught workshops worldwide , written two books on his family's martial art, co-authored articles, and produced a series of DVDs. Chin was interviewed by Jess O'Brien for his 2007 book "Nei Jia Quan: Internal Martial Arts".

In August 2009, Chin was also recognized by the USA Wushu Kung-Fu Federation as a Hall of Fame Outstanding Master. In 2014, he was written about by Ashe Higgs in Kung Fu Tai Chi Magazine "Finding the Center: I Liq Chuan’s Three Essential Qualities for Offense and Defense as One". Chin was also the subject of the 2016 CCTV Documentary "Kung Fu Abroad: I Liq Chuan 中央电视台《功夫在外》纪录片".

On November 15, 2017 Sam Chin became an honorary professor at the University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria in recognition of his lifetime of achievement in spreading I Liq Chuan.
Response: The founder of I Liq Chuan is Chin Lik Keong.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the reference text about Fidel Castro, tell me where he was born, where he studied, and when he was the leader of Cuba.
Context: Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (/ˈkæstroʊ/; American Spanish: [fiˈðel aleˈxandɾo ˈkastɾo ˈrus]; 13 August 1926 – 25 November 2016) was a Cuban revolutionary and politician who was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008, serving as the prime minister of Cuba from 1959 to 1976 and president from 1976 to 2008. Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society.

Born in Birán, the son of a wealthy Spanish farmer, Castro adopted leftist and anti-imperialist ideas while studying law at the University of Havana. After participating in rebellions against right-wing governments in the Dominican Republic and Colombia, he planned the overthrow of Cuban President Fulgencio Batista, launching a failed attack on the Moncada Barracks in 1953. After a year's imprisonment, Castro travelled to Mexico where he formed a revolutionary group, the 26th of July Movement, with his brother Raúl Castro and Ernesto "Che" Guevara. Returning to Cuba, Castro took a key role in the Cuban Revolution by leading the Movement in a guerrilla war against Batista's forces from the Sierra Maestra. After Batista's overthrow in 1959, Castro assumed military and political power as Cuba's prime minister. The United States came to oppose Castro's government and unsuccessfully attempted to remove him by assassination, economic embargo, and counter-revolution, including the Bay of Pigs Invasion of 1961. Countering these threats, Castro aligned with the Soviet Union and allowed the Soviets to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis – a defining incident of the Cold War – in 1962.
Response: Fidel Castro was born in Birán and studied law at the University of Havana. He was the leader of Cuba from 1959 to 2008.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is dialtune drums?
Response: Dialtune is a cable tuning system for drums. Using separate dials for the top and bottom heads, drummers can find the exact sound they're looking for faster, change drumheads in under a minute, and explore new creative possibilities without compromise. While Cable tuning is not new, Dialtune has improved upon it with a patented system that makes it the only cable-tuning drum that can independently tune the top and bottom heads using separate dials on either side of the drum. Additionally, changing drumheads doesn't require removing the cable. Dialtune's quick-release hoops make changing a drumhead simple and easy.
Category: classification
Instruction: Choose the word which is different from the rest: potassium, silicon, zirconium, gallium, germanium
Response: All except potassium are metals used in semiconductor devices
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How can I learn to code?
Response: There are thousands and thousands of resources online that you can use to learn how to code. It can seem overwhelming to take the first step. A good way to learn is to start with a small, easy project (eg: adding 2 numbers and showing the result) and build on it. Important to keep in mind is coding languages are just languages. So there is a structure and a set of rules to them. Once you start getting a feel for this, it gets easier to learn more quickly. In fact, coding languages are much simpler than languages we humans use to talk to each other :) 

Depending on how you learn best, you can start with your favorite search engine and/or video app to find a good starting point to start learning coding. Have fun !
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Since when did the SR22 include a glass cockpit
Context: SR22s and SR20s built before 2003 were equipped with traditional analog instruments and a 10" (later 12") Multi-function display (MFD). In February 2003, Cirrus began offering SR22s with the Avidyne Entegra primary flight display (PFD), making the plane the first of its kind to come with a glass cockpit. Later that year, this instrumentation became standard equipment on all SR-series aircraft and sparked a major transition in general aviation, whereby over 90% of all new light aircraft by the year 2006 were equipped with glass cockpits. Retrofits are available for the older SR aircraft that replace the analog instrument panels with one that includes a PFD, a new MFD and the installation of back-up mechanical instruments.

On 22 May 2008, Cirrus revealed the "Cirrus Perspective" glass cockpit (by Garmin). Both cockpits were available for a while (the Avidyne cockpit was initially standard equipment) and after 2008 the SR22 was sold with only the Perspective panel.

In 2009, the third-generation Cirrus SR22 GTS came equipped with a new enhanced vision system (EVS), a sophisticated dual-wavelength instrument that offers both infrared and synthetic vision.

At the 2010 EAA AirVenture, Cirrus announced its plans to certify Garmin's ESP system (Electronic Stability and Protection) on the Cirrus SR22. It included advanced flight envelope protection that could stabilize the aircraft with the push of a button, to avoid spiral from developing.

The Cirrus Perspective-Plus avionics flight deck was introduced in 2017, with a faster processing speed, animated datalink weather, payload management, visual approach capabilities, wireless database uploads, glass back-up instruments, and more.

In 2020, the Perspective-Plus flight deck included a new stabilized approach advisory system which provides alerts to the pilot of unstable conditions during approach.
Response: Since February 2003 Cirrus started to offer a glass panel for the SR22. First the Avidyne Entegra was offered to customers. Also retrofits became available for older SR versions. In May 2008, Cirrus revealed the "Cirrus Perspective" glass cockpit, which was based on instruments created by Garmin.

Until today, Cirrus is including Garmin glass cockpits in it's aircrafts.