fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web?
Context: UTF-8 is the dominant encoding for the World Wide Web (and internet technologies), accounting for 97.9% of all web pages, over 99.0% of the top 10,000 pages, and up to 100.0% for many languages, as of 2023. Virtually all countries and languages have 95.0% or more use of UTF-8 encodings on the web.
Response: The dominant character encoding for the World Wide Web is UTF-8. It is used by 97.9% of all web pages.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract from the text the Australian city on which the show Bluey is inspired
Context: The show follows Bluey, an anthropomorphic six-year-old Blue Heeler puppy who is characterised by her abundance of energy, imagination and curiosity of the world. The young dog lives with her father, Bandit; mother, Chilli; and younger sister, Bingo, who regularly joins Bluey on adventures as the pair embark on imaginative play together. Other characters featured each represent a different dog breed. Overarching themes include the focus on family, growing up and Australian culture. The program was created and is produced in Queensland; the culture and lifestyle of Brisbane inspires the show's setting.
Response: Brisbane
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Hamlet or Othello
Response: Hamlet
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the common area of property maintenance that a home owner must deal with?
Response: Maintenance of a home involves addressing the functioning of its main systems: structure, roofing and windows, electrical, plumbing, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). 

Structure refers to the exterior and interior walls, many of which are "load bearing," meaning they support something above them, like a ceiling or a roof. Roofing and windows protect the interior of a home from the exterior conditions, keeping out rain, wind, and insects. Doors fit into this category, too. Electrical systems connect electricity provided by an outside source, such as a power company, into the home for use by appliances, lights, entertainment, and other items powered by electricity. Plumbing systems bring water into, then out of, the home for use in the kitchen and bathrooms. HVAC systems control the interior climate, managing temperature and humidity to make the home comfortable.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you start your child playing soccer?
Response: A great place to start is to start your child on a rec league. These are normally for beginners and emphasize having fun and usually are a short, low financial commitment. If they enjoy this experience, moving up to a club level league is a great next step. This is a larger commitment both in terms time and money.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the company zoom?
Response: Zoom is a video communication protocol used by many companies today.  Zoom has been used by school to conduct at home schooling during the COVID-19 pandemic.  Zoom is also used by big Fortune 500 corporations to conduct business meetings internally with employees and externally with customers and other accounts.  The virtual interaction offered by zoom is a great alternative to save costs on in-person meetings where physical travel is required.  The company was founded in 2011 and has about 8500 employees as of 2023.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who was Beethoven?
Context: Ludwig van Beethoven[n 1] (baptised 17 December 1770 – 26 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. His career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.
Response: Beethoven was a German composer and pianist known for his famous symphonies such as Moonlight Sonata.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: If McDonald’s were to go out of business and disappear, would the world be a better or worse place?
Response: McDonald’s has more than 36 thousand locations in 190 countries, and people still cannot believe that McDonald's would soon put a period to the honorable accomplishment they did in the last several years making 4.73 billion dollars in a year as a whole. I do believe McDonald’s disappearance would have some difference in some communities in the short term since there are 210,000 people working at McDonald’s. And also, it can have environmental, and medical benefits that can make the world a better place.
    The world is hugely affected by McDonald’s action, which makes the disappearance of McDonald’s could make the world a better place although it could have some negative influence on equality and education. Although McDonald's helps organizations that help people who lack education, suffer in poverty, or fight against discrimination, the positive impact of McDonald’s departure makes the world a better place. For example, since McDonald’s cut down the forest to build a cow farm, it can cause deforestation that is threatening the ecosystem and animal habitats. In addition, McDonald’s produces 2 million tons of packaging each year. This means that the retirement of McDonald’s could prevent habitat loss, deforestation, and even waste problems and have a huge, positive impact on the environment.
    However, the change in McDonald's retirement causes would vary between different stakeholders, but overall, it would only have a mild, or little difference between people’s lives. Although McDonald’s disappearance might shock many people, after a short term, the other fast-food restaurants would replace McDonald’s, so fast-food lovers could adapt to the new environment. Furthermore, although 210,000 people could lose their job, it is still possible for them to change to another job, or have an opportunity to change into another job that they have an interest in. Therefore, McDonald’s disappearance could have little or no difference at all to some people, and withdraw from all the honorable accomplishments.
    In conclusion, I think that the disappearance of McDonald’s can make the world a better place for environmental, and medical reasons although it could have negative effects in some communities, and that McDonald’s would not be forgotten by the joy and honorable achievements that they have achieved in the last few years.
Category: classification
Instruction: What are secondary colors?
Response: Secondary colors are created by combining primary colors. Primary colors are blue, red, and yellow. Secondary colors include purple, orange, and green.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Change this to future tense
Context: He has been a leading film critic in the country for over a quarter of a century.
Response: He will be a leading film critic in the country for over a quarter of a century.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time?
Response: Different people have different opinions when ranking professional football players in the NFL. Both individual and team metrics are considered when determining the best quarterback. Key individual metrics in the NFL include individual passing metrics (such as passer rating, number of passing yards, and number of touchdowns thrown) and individual awards won (such as the NFL Offensive Player of the Year). Key team metrics in the NFL include the team's win percentage with the individual as the starting quarterback and the number of conference and Super Bowl trophies won. Opinions vary, but many people consider Tom Brady to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all-time due to his individual accomplishments, his seven Super Bowl victories, and the dominance of the New England Patriots during his time as their quarterback.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What language should I learn?
Response: If you are interested in verbal languages, the most popular languages are English, Mandarin, Hindi, and Spanish. Learning one of these languages will allow you to communicate with over half a billion people! However, it also depends on your interests, such as travel interests or friends, who might speak these languages. If you are interested in non-verbal languages, American Sign Language (ASL) is the most popular non-verbal language.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Things to consider when applying for a new job...
Response: Consider the following before actually applying for a job; career goals, industries to consider, location, size of companies, qualifications for new roles and why are you actually making a change.  These considerations will help you create a focus on the type of role, company, location, and industry that will be fulfilling to your next role.  Once you've mapped this out, then look at your network of friends, family and acquaintances that you can engage and learn from.  Exploring information from those within the target roles/companies will help you confirm your goals are being met in the new role search.  Spend time doing research about the sector and various companies that interest you.  Understand where those companies and the industry sector is headed in the future? (i.e. is it growing, stable, or shrinking?). Once you feel comfortable and knowledgeable, use networking to engage companies and hiring managers.  (Don't be afraid to send that linkedin message) As a word of warning, do not directly apply to multiple jobs in the same company as it tends to come across as desperate and with a lack of focus on specific career goals.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the lead singer of the Gorillaz?
Response: Damon Albarn is the lead singer of the Gorillaz
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Which are the main reasons for doing a PhD?
Response: A PhD degree is an essential qualification and prerequisite towards the Academia carrier; in order to be able to teach University students and also progress the research interests and activities. From the first semesters of the PhD studies, candidates will be encouraged to practice their teaching skills, by giving seminars or lectures to undergraduate students.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who created pilates?
Response: Pilates was developed by Joseph Pilates.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the seven most recent Heisman Trophy Winners
Response: Caleb Williams, Bryce Young, DeVonta Smith, Joe Burrow, Kyler Murray, Baker Mayfield, and Lamar Jackson
Category: summarization
Instruction: Write some information in points on Kelvyn Park High School from the given passage.
Context: Kelvyn Park High School is a public 4–year high school located in the Hermosa neighborhood on north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Opened in 1933, Kelvyn Park is operated by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) district. In addition to being a neighborhood high school, Kelvyn Park also serves as a middle school with seventh and eighth grades. Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries extends to the Logan Square, Cragin and Belmont Gardens neighborhoods.
Response: 1. The Hermosa neighbourhood on the north-west side of Chicago, Illinois, in the United States, is home to the public 4-year Kelvyn Park High School.
2. Kelvyn Park, which was established in 1933, is run by the Chicago Public Schools (CPS) organisation.
3. Kelvyn Park not only functions as a neighbourhood high school, but also as a middle school housing the seventh and eighth classes.
4. The neighbourhoods of Logan Square, Cragin, and Belmont Gardens are included in the Kelvyn Park attendance boundaries.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me the top 5 golf equipment company names.
Response: Titleist, Taylormade, Callaway, Ping, Cobra
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the first Time Magazine Man of the Year?
Response: Charles Lindbergh was named Time Magazine's Man of the Year in 1927.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct?
Response: Alan Taylor directed the last two episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: Baelor and Fire and Blood.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Besides a putter, what other golf clubs would suffice for a putting stroke?
Response: Any low iron (1 thru 4) or fairway wood which a flat face.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Can cars have odd number of wheels?
Response: Cars are vehicles that allow you to commute from one point to another. These are built by companies across the world and designed based on the companies choice, local context, historic reference. The car has three main parts: i) the engine that provides the thrust or power to the vehicle. ii) The body or the frame that provides the space to transport things and people. iii) The chasis which is the structural component that does the load bearing and has wheels which transfer the power of the engine into horizontal motion. 

Cars generally have four wheel but can sometime have odd numbered wheels as well. For example cars have a fifth wheel, the spare wheel, bolted to the body for differentiated look. It is not uncommon for cars to have a wheel stolen in which case they have three wheel. Few cooler car designs, modified cars, smaller cars can have three wheels as well but it is rare for a car to have zero or one wheel.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Count de Grisly was the first to perform what trick in 1799
Response: Saw woman in half
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the biggest cloud providers
Response: AWS, Azure, Alibaba, Google
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is Dungeons and Dragons so popular nowadays?
Response: Dungeons and Dragons, also commonly known as D&D is a role playing game that has been around since the 70s. D&D has been enjoying somewhat of a resurgence in recent years and has gained more mainstream appeal thanks largely to the internet and streaming in particular. Shows like Critical Role and Dimension 20 where campaigns are streamed often in real time over the internet have made D&D more accessible than ever before. The success of Critical Role in particular is noteworthy, with Amazon Prime developing an animated show based on the first campaign and a second show announced adapting the second campaign. There is even a D&D movie in the works set to release in 2023 with a cast of renowned actors like Chris Pine and Michelle Rodriguez.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the total customers using the format: {x} number of customers

Product revenue of $555.3 million in the fourth quarter, representing 54% year-over-year growth
Remaining performance obligations of $3.7 billion, representing 38% year-over-year growth
7,828 total customers
Net revenue retention rate of 158%
330 customers with trailing 12-month product revenue greater than $1 million
Authorized a $2.0 billion stock repurchase program
Response: 7,828 customers
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Which are the top 3 countries I should visit in South East Asia or ASEAN?
Response: Each country is beautiful, very different and has its own uniqueness. English is widely spoken in Singapore, the Philippines and Malaysia as such, navigating around these countries with English is easy. Tourism is big in ASEAN or South East Asia; hence, English is still understood in countries such as Thailand, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, etc, especially in the hospitality sector. Singapore is one of the world's most popular destinations as most airlines would fly into Singapore. It is a modern country with beautiful attractions. If one is into the outdoors, nature and beach holidays, then Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia would be ideal countries to go to for their natural mountains and also islands.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Can you use logistic regression and linear regression methods interchangeably? If yes, in what scenarios?
Response: Even if the target is binary, we can still use linear regression models if the importance of the model is just predicting the ranking estimates. Let us take an example where your manager wants you to find the top 20% or 30% of your customers based on who is likely to respond for an e-mail offer. You don’t need to predict who is going to respond and who is not going to respond. In this case, you need to rank order your customers with most probability of response to least probability of response and give your manager the top 20 or 30%. So in this case, y or the dependent variable is just the logit score or the ranking estimates. However, if the idea is to predict the decisions (i.e. classification of the predicted rankings into decisions) then we need the logistic regression model to calculate the prediction estimates based on the logistic function which uses the logit score. Then using an appropriate threshold value, these prediction estimates can be converted to decisions.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Creative ways to call in sick at work
Response: Here are a few ways to call in sick at work: 

- "Unfortunately, the salmon from last night did not sit well with me and I've been having severe stomach issues" 

- "I've been experiencing flu like symptoms and would need to take the day off to check for any Covid related infections" 

- "I need to visit the doctor urgently for a medical issue" 

- "I have a bad migraine and will not be able to join in any meetings today, I will still be available on email and chat, if needed"
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Is the capital city and the largest city of Chile same or different?
Context: Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a country located in western South America. It is the southernmost country in the world and closest to Antarctica, stretching along a narrow strip of land between the Andes Mountains and the Pacific Ocean. With an area of 756,096 square kilometers (291,930 sq mi) and a population of 17.5 million as of 2017, Chile shares borders with Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south. The country also controls several Pacific islands, including Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island, and claims about 1,250,000 square kilometers (480,000 sq mi) of Antarctica as the Chilean Antarctic Territory.[nb 2] The capital and largest city of Chile is Santiago, and the national language is Spanish.
Response: They are the same. Santiago.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the First Treaty that was signed after the Russo-Japanese War, was there a secret component?
Context: After the Russo-Japanese War, the First Treaty was signed on 30 July 1907 by Motono Ichirō, the Japanese Ambassador in Moscow, and Alexander Izvolsky, the Foreign Minister of Russian. The treaty was divided into two parts: one is open agreement, which respected the treaties concluded between the two countries and China, respected China's independence, promoted open doors, and achieved equal opportunities and another is secret agreement, which defined the scope of Japan's interests in Southern Manchuria and Russia's interests in Northern Manchuria and Japan recognized Russia's interests in Outer Mongolia, and Russia recognized Japan's interests in the Korean Peninsula.
Response: Yes. The second part of the First Treaty contained a secret agreement which defined the political scope of each party's interest.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some suggestions for good South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle
Response: Here are some highly rated South East Asian restaurants near downtown Seattle
1. Bangrak market serves classic Thai street food in a unique setting. The restaurant is in Belltown neighbood, a few minutes walk from Pike Place Market. Crying tiger, kao soi, fried whole fish, and mango sticky rice are among their popular dishes
2. Kedai Makan is a busy Malaysian restaurant in Capitol Hill featuring a cozy atmosphere and fabulous Malaysian dishes. The most popular dishes in the restaurant are roti jala (soft net bread with chicken curry), spicy ribs and chili pan mee noodle. 
3. Di Fiora is an Asian fusion restaurant with a cozy, relaxing and romantic vibe through flowery decoration. They are famous for their Thai curry, fried rice, pasta, as well as various tasty cocktails.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name three dishes that were developed from conditions of scarcity or having to "make do” with available materials or ingredients.
Response: 1. Bouillabaisse - a French seafood stew, originated with making do with whatever catch a fisherman couldn’t sell.  
2. Congee - an Asian dish which involves a small amount of rice being cooked in water to a large volume of rice porridge; the idea is to stretch rice and feed more people with less food; often served at times of famine in the old days.
3. Budae Jjigae - a Korean stew also known as Army Stew; it  came about after Korean when resourceful Koreans were starving and salvaged the American leftover canned food (e.g. spam, beans, hotdogs, etc.) to make stew with kimchi and instant noodles.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Where can I go to workout?
Response: There are lots of places to go to workout. You can go for a run in the outdoors. You can go to a gym, such as Planet Fitness, LA Fitness, 24 hour fitness, or Equinox. You can also workout at home, with dumbbells or body weight exercises.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the fastest way to get from to cross the English Channel in a nonconventional way?
Response: First, you need to pick the shortest distance to travel across the English Channel.  The Straight of Dover is the narrowest point at only 20 miles wide. This will give you the best chance to complete your crossing quickly. 

Outside of conventional means of transport such as car, train, airplane and boats, you could try the following options: 

Hot air balloon 
Catapult 
Jetpack 
Hovercraft
Submarine
Swimming
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Qoherys?
Response: Quenton Qoherys
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some fun ways that you could spend time with your family?
Response: There are many different fun activities that you could do with your family. Some examples include going for a walk, visiting a museum, watching a movie, doing an arts and crafts project, playing a board game, or trying a new restaurant. Please note that your decision ought to consider factors such as the ages, health, interests, and available time of the family members.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following technology categorized as Infrastructure as code (IAC) or CICD tool? Terraform, AWS Cloud Formation , Github actions, Azure Devops pipeline
Response: Terraform and AWS Cloud Formation is categorized as Infrastructure as code (IAC)  and Github actions, Azure Devops pipeline is categorized as CICD tool.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: In Africa, were cattle domesticated before or after agriculture?
Context: The domestication of cattle in Africa preceded agriculture and seems to have existed alongside hunter-gatherer cultures. It is speculated that by 6000 BCE, cattle were domesticated in North Africa. In the Sahara-Nile complex, people domesticated many animals, including the donkey and a small screw-horned goat which was common from Algeria to Nubia.
Between 10,000 and 9,000 BCE, pottery was independently invented in the region of Mali in the savannah of West Africa.
In the steppes and savannahs of the Sahara and Sahel in Northern West Africa, people possibly ancestral to modern Nilo-Saharan and Mandé cultures started to collect wild millet, around 8000 to 6000 BCE. Later, gourds, watermelons, castor beans, and cotton were also collected. Sorghum was first domesticated in Eastern Sudan around 4000 BCE, in one of the earliest instances of agriculture in human history. Its cultivation would gradually spread across Africa, before spreading to India around 2000 BCE.
Response: In Africa, cattle were domesticated before agriculture.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What color is Perpetual Spinach?
Context: "Chard or Swiss chard (/tʃɑːrd/; Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris, Cicla Group and Flavescens Group) is a green leafy vegetable. In the cultivars of the Flavescens Group, the leaf stalks are large and often prepared separately from the leaf blade; the Cicla Group is the leafy spinach beet. The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red.

Chard, like other green leafy vegetables, has highly nutritious leaves. Chard has been used in cooking for centuries, but because it is the same species as beetroot, the common names that cooks and cultures have used for chard may be confusing; it has many common names, such as silver beet, perpetual spinach, beet spinach, seakale beet, or leaf beet."
Response: The leaf blade can be green or reddish; the leaf stalks are usually white, yellow or red.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize what the network Bravo is about
Context: Bravo is an American basic cable television network, launched on December 8, 1980. It is owned by the NBCUniversal Television and Streaming division of Comcast's NBCUniversal. The channel originally focused on programming related to fine arts and film. It currently mainly focuses on lifestyle reality television series targeted at 25-to-54-year-old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community.

As of January 2016, approximately 89,824,000 American households (77% of households with TV) receive Bravo.
Response: Bravo is a television network that show reality TV shows which are targeted at 25-54 year old women as well as the LGBTQIA+ community. Approximately 77% of households with a TV have access to Bravo.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the name of Frankenstein's monster?
Response: Contrary to what many people think, the monster is not named Frankenstein. Dr. Frankenstein is the name of the scientist who created the monster in Mary Shelley's 1818 novel, "Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus." The monster does not have a name and is simply referred to as "the Creature."
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the benefits of using the ReLU activation function over the classic sigmoid function in neural networks?
Response: 1. Gradient vanishing problem: The max value of the derivative of sigmoid function is 0.25, which can result in the total gradients becoming very small during back propagation. In contrast ReLU has a constant gradient 1 for positive inputs. 
2. Compute efficiency: ReLU can be computed using max(0, x), more efficient than exponential operations in sigmoid function. 
3. Convergence speed: it's also reported that using ReLU as activation function in neural networks converges faster than using sigmoid function.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many books are there in the Harry Potter series?
Response: 7
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write about the potential ethical concerns of de-identification techniques.
Response: One of the ethical issues associated with the technique of suppression is the further underrepresentation of historically underrepresented groups. For example, within the MOOC dataset there exists only one row affiliated with a user from Antartica (continent). Similarly, the following countries have also appeared once or twice only in the entire dataset: San Marino, Falkland Islands, and Brunei. Geographically underrepresented, these pieces of information would get entirely eliminated under the suppression technique. This presents an ethical paradox: on one hand, we wish to preserve k-anonymity and protect the privacy of users from underrepresented regions; on the other hand, to reach that goal we would have to erase their existence in the dataset and further reinforce the pre-existing underrepresentation. Another example would be the column of the year of birth. The MOOCs user population are overrepresented by young people, whereas users over 80 years old only take a proportion less than 1% in the entire dataset. In particular, if we were to use the suppression technique to achieve k-anonymity, almost every piece of information associated with users over 80 years old would have to be discarded. Again, the elderly have been historically underrepresented in the industry of education, yet by using suppression, we protect their privacy at the expense of representation.

This loss of representation as a result of suppression is detrimental at multiple aspects and therefore deserves attention. As the MOOCs platform is deprived of relevant information on these users, the company will lose sight of the potential demand that these underrepresented groups have for online education, thereby failing to reach them through marketing and advertisement. Besides straining the platform’s user base and profitability, this would worsen the situation that the underrepresented groups have limited resources to online education. Moreover, inferences on the suppressed dataset could reinforce the societal bias that certain groups of people are not open to education – such as the elderly – whereas the reality is simply that we erase the information on the elderly who actively engage in online education platforms. As a result, the elderly could feel themselves further distanced from the mainstream media and technology. Therefore, using suppression alone to achieve k-anonymity within a dataset, while effective, could be complicated by the ethical issue of underrepresentation.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?
Response: Three teaspoons are equivalent to one tablespoon.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How do you play blackjack?
Response: Blackjack or Twenty-One is a casino type game 

Blackjack is the most widely played casino banking game in the world. It uses decks of 52 cards and descends from a global family of casino banking games known as Twenty-One where players bet against the dealer for hands as close to 21 as possible without going over.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you decide what type of bicycle to buy?
Response: To figure out what bicycle to buy, you must determine what type of biking you want to do. The most popular bikes tend to be road, mountain and commuter bikes. Each serves a different purpose, and your shopping decisions should be based on what type of biking you intend to do.
Category: classification
Instruction: I have a list of Herbs and Spices. Please divide this list into those categories: basil, bay leaf, chives, cardamon, cinnamon, fennel, cloves, lemon grass, nutmeg, pepper, oregano, turmeric, parsley, ginger, saffron, vanilla rosemary, cumin, sage, and thyme.
Response: Herbs: basil, bay leaf, chives, fennel, lemon grass, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage, thyme. Spices: cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, nutmeg, pepper, turmeric, ginger, saffron, vanilla, cumin.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How can I contribute to Spark?
Response: Yes, Spark is an open source project and anyone can contribute to it.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What are the titans?
Context: Attack on Titan (Japanese: 進撃の巨人, Hepburn: Shingeki no Kyojin, lit. 'The Advancing Giant') is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Hajime Isayama. It is set in a world where humanity is forced to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls that protect them from gigantic man-eating humanoids referred to as Titans; the story follows Eren Yeager, who vows to exterminate the Titans after they bring about the destruction of his hometown and the death of his mother. It was serialized in Kodansha's monthly magazine Bessatsu Shōnen Magazine from September 2009 to April 2021, with its chapters collected in 34 tankōbon volumes.
Response: In Attack on Titan, the Titans are gigantic man-eating humanoids that destroyed Eren Yeager's hometown and caused the death of his mother. The Titans cause humanity to live in cities surrounded by three enormous walls to protect themselves.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the area of Texas in square feet?
Response: 7.5 Trillion
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Give me a list of 3 hobbies that are good for your health and inexpensive
Response: 1. Long-distance running - Long-distance running is good for heart health and also mental health.

2. Hiking - Going for a hike can be a great way to clear your head and improve your fitness. Hiking is almost always free, but some parks can have an entry fee.

3. Walking - Not only is walking good for your heart, it can also help you to manage stress
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What's the difference between splitboarding and snowboarding?
Response: Splitboarding is a more specialized form of snowboarding that also enables uphill and lateral travel, in addition to conventional downhill (alpine) travel. Snowboarders will typically ride within a developed ski resort using powered chairlifts, while a splitboarder typically ventures into undeveloped areas backcountry areas.

From an equipment perspective, a splitboard looks like a conventional snowboard for downhill travel, but for uphill travel it splits into two ski-like surfaces that, with grippy climbing skins attached on the base that contacts the snow, enables people to step and glide uphill on snow.

In addition to conventional downhill snowboarding skills, splitboarding requires additional skills in uphill technique, safely navigating the backcountry (including avalanche risk).
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are names of flowers: daffodil, rose, quinoa, lily, daisy, elm, pyrite, violet, jade, leather, polycarbonate, jasmine
Response: daffodil, rose, lily, daisy, violet, jasmine
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some popular books about baseball?
Response: "Moneyball" by Michael Lewis, "The Boys of Summer" by Roger Kahn, and "The Rookie" by Jim Morris are all examples of popular baseball books.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What role did barrels of benzol play in the explosion of the Mont-Blanc?
Context: On the morning of 6 December 1917, the French cargo ship SS Mont-Blanc collided with the Norwegian vessel SS Imo in the waters of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The Mont-Blanc, laden with high explosives, caught fire and exploded, devastating the Richmond district of Halifax. At least 1,782 people were killed, largely in Halifax and Dartmouth, by the blast, debris, fires, or collapsed buildings, and an estimated 9,000 others were injured. The blast was the largest human-made explosion at the time. It released the equivalent energy of roughly 2.9 kilotons of TNT (12 TJ).

Mont-Blanc was under orders from the French government to carry her cargo from New York City via Halifax to Bordeaux, France. At roughly 8:45 am, she collided at low speed, approximately one knot (1.2 mph or 1.9 km/h), with the unladen Imo, chartered by the Commission for Relief in Belgium to pick up a cargo of relief supplies in New York. On the Mont-Blanc, the impact damaged benzol barrels stored on deck, leaking vapours which were ignited by sparks from the collision, setting off a fire on board that quickly grew out of control. Approximately 20 minutes later at 9:04:35 am, the Mont-Blanc exploded.
Response: The impact of the SS Mont-Blanc and the SS Imo damaged barrels of benzol which were stored on the deck of the Mont-Blanc.  The damaged barrels leaked vapours which were ignited by sparks which set off a fire.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What if a buff?
Response: A buff is an item of clothing that wraps around the neck for warmth.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What should you do when your rock climbing partner calls out "On Belay?"
Response: 1. Check that their harness is properly buckled at the waist and doubled back.
2. Ensure the leg straps are properly bucked and doubled back. Check that the leg loops are not twisted.
3. Ensure a figure eight knot is tied at the end of the climbing rope, extending through both loops in the harness and has a fisherman's knot as a backup.
4. Check that your own harness is properly buckled around the waist, legs and that leg straps are not twisted.
5. Ensure the climbing rope is in your belay device, that a locking carabiner goes through both the belay device (and rope if an ATC device) and your belay loop on your harness. Ensure the carabiner is locked.
6. Ensure that you and your partner are on the same rope. Your partner should be on the side of the rope closest to the climbing wall.
7. After all safety checks are completed, then call out "On Belay!"
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is the company Novartis
Context: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research). Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.
Response: Novartis AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical corporation based in Basel, Switzerland and Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States (global research).

Consistently ranked in the global top five, Novartis is one of the largest pharmaceutical companies in the world and was the fourth largest by revenue in 2022.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some of the most popular undergraduate majors at UC Berkeley?
Response: UC Berkeley has over 150 undergraduate major and minors for students to choose from. Some of the most popular include Molecular and Cell Biology, Computer Science, Economics, and Data Science.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who is George R.R. Martin?
Context: George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist, screenwriter, television producer and short story writer. He is the author of the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which were adapted into the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2019) and its prequel series House of the Dragon (2022–present). He also helped create the Wild Cards anthology series, and contributed worldbuilding for the 2022 video game Elden Ring.
Response: George Raymond Richard Martin (born George Raymond Martin; September 20, 1948), also known as GRRM, is an American novelist, screenwriter, television producer and short story writer. He is the author of the series of epic fantasy novels A Song of Ice and Fire, which were adapted into the Emmy Award-winning HBO series Game of Thrones (2011–2019) and its prequel series House of the Dragon (2022–present). He also helped create the Wild Cards anthology series, and contributed worldbuilding for the 2022 video game Elden Ring.

In 2005, Lev Grossman of Time called Martin "the American Tolkien", and in 2011, he was included on the annual Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world. He is a longtime citizen of Santa Fe, New Mexico, where he helped fund Meow Wolf and owns the Jean Cocteau Cinema. The city commemorates March 29 as George R. R. Martin Day.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the paragraph about the Grateful Dead, tell me when they were founded, who were the original members, and what other members were in the group.
Context: The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s. The founding members were Jerry Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar, vocals), Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, vocals), Phil Lesh (bass, vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Members of the Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks, had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to the Grateful Dead; replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten (keyboards; 1968–1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist; 1971–1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards, occasional vocals; 1971–1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals; 1972–1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards, vocals; 1979–1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards, vocals; 1990–1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals) was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours.
Response: The Grateful Dead were founded in the 1960's as the Warlocks by Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Ron "Pigpen" McKernan, Phil Lesh and Bill Kreutzmann. Over the years, the band had many other members, including Tom Constanten, John Perry Barlow, Keith Godchaux, Donna Godchaux, Brent Mydland, Vince Welnick and Bruce Hornsby.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Where are the best places to buy hardware supplies?
Response: There are several places where you can buy hardware supplies. This could include Home Depot, Lowes, Amazon, ACE Hardware, Lowes or Target.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do you want to keep customers happy?
Response: You can keep customers happy by putting an extreme focus on them.  Your business should exist to serve the needs of your customer.  You could also call this customer obsession.  By focussing on them and keeping them happy you will reduce customer attrition and churn, and you will have a continuous source of revenue for years to come because these happy customers turn into repeat customers over and over.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How can I read and write data with Delta Lake?
Response: You can use your favorite Apache Spark APIs to read and write data with Delta Lake. See Read a table and Write to a table.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage below, list the prizes won by Laia Forcadell Arenas.
Context: Laia Forcadell Arenas (born June 6, 1982 in Tortosa, Tarragona, Catalonia) is a female Spanish sprinter and hurdler. She won the gold medal for the 400 m hurdles at the 2006 Ibero-American Championships in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and bronze at the 2010 Ibero-American Championships in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain.
Forcadell represented Spain at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, where she competed for the women's 400 m hurdles. She ran in the fourth heat against six other athletes, including Poland's Anna Jesień and Czech Republic's Zuzana Hejnová, who were both considered top medal contenders in this event. She finished the race in last place by eighty-eight hundredths of a second (0.88) behind Trinidad and Tobago's Josanne Lucas, with a time of 58.64 seconds. Forcadell failed to advance into the semi-finals, as she placed twenty-sixth overall, and was ranked farther below three mandatory slots for the next round.
Forcadell is a member of ISS L'Hospitalet Track Club in Barcelona, Spain, being coached and trained by Armando Álvarez Anaya.
Response: Laia Forcadell Arenas won the gold medal for the 400 m hurdles at the 2006 Ibero-American Championships in Ponce, Puerto Rico, and bronze at the 2010 Ibero-American Championships in San Fernando, Cádiz, Spain.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the distinctive physical characteristics of Beavers described in this passage.
Context: Beavers have large skulls and powerful chewing muscles. They have four chisel-shaped incisors that continue to grow throughout their lives. The incisors are covered in a thick enamel that is colored orange or reddish-brown by iron compounds. The lower incisors have roots that are almost as long as the entire lower jaw. Beavers have one premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaws, adding up to 20 teeth. The molars have meandering ridges for grinding woody material. The eyes, ears and nostrils are arranged so that they can remain above water while the rest of the body is submerged. The nostrils and ears have valves that close underwater, while nictitating membranes cover the eyes. To protect the larynx and trachea from water flow, the epiglottis is contained within the nasal cavity instead of the throat. In addition, the back of the tongue can rise and create a waterproof seal. A beaver's lips can close behind the incisors, preventing water from entering their mouths as they cut and bite onto things while submerged.
Response: - Large skulls
-Four chisel shaped incisors covered in thick orange or reddish-brown enamel
- One premolar and three molars on all four sides of the jaw
- Nostril valves that close underwater
- Membranes that can cover the eyes underwater
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the reference text about a towboat, how does the boat work?
Context: The boat measures 99 feet (30 m) long overall, with a hull length of 80 feet (24 m), and an 18-foot (5.5 m) beam. She draws 32 inches (0.8 m). She is powered by a 160-horsepower (120 kW) 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine. She measures 51 gross registry tons and displaces approximately 108 long tons (110 t). She is fashioned out of steel plates riveted to a steel frame. She has a scow-form bow fitted with special "knees" used in pushing barges, and a flat bottom with no keel
Response: The boat is powered by a 160-horsepower 1940 Fairbanks-Morse 35E10 direct reversing diesel engine.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name four colleges in the Boston area.
Response: Four colleges in the Boston Area are Harvard, MIT, Boston University, and Boston College.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is a Tommy John Surgery?
Context: Ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction, colloquially known as Tommy John surgery (TJS), is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor. The procedure is common among collegiate and professional athletes in several sports, particularly in baseball.
Response: A surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or with one from a deceased donor.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as moving horizontally or vertically: Elevator, sky diver, guillotine, car, rocket launch, boat
Response: Elevator: Vertically
Sky Diver: Vertically
Guillotine: Vertically
Car: Horizontally
Rocket Launch: Vertically
Boat: Horizontally