fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the names and published work of the early economists. Identify the name and then the published work separated with a dash. Separate the name and published works pairs with a semi-colon.
Context: At the dawn as a social science, economics was defined and discussed at length as the study of production, distribution, and consumption of wealth by Jean-Baptiste Say in his Treatise on Political Economy or, The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth (1803). These three items are considered by the science only in relation to the increase or diminution of wealth, and not in reference to their processes of execution. Say's definition has prevailed up to our time, saved by substituting the word "wealth" for "goods and services" meaning that wealth may include non-material objects as well. One hundred and thirty years later, Lionel Robbins noticed that this definition no longer sufficed, because many economists were making theoretical and philosophical inroads in other areas of human activity. In his Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science, he proposed a definition of economics as a study of a particular aspect of human behaviour, the one that falls under the influence of scarcity, which forces people to choose, allocate scarce resources to competing ends, and economize (seeking the greatest welfare while avoiding the wasting of scarce resources). For Robbins, the insufficiency was solved, and his definition allows us to proclaim, with an easy conscience, education economics, safety and security economics, health economics, war economics, and of course, production, distribution and consumption economics as valid subjects of the economic science." Citing Robbins: "Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses". After discussing it for decades, Robbins' definition became widely accepted by mainstream economists, and it has opened way into current textbooks. Although far from unanimous, most mainstream economists would accept some version of Robbins' definition, even though many have raised serious objections to the scope and method of economics, emanating from that definition. Due to the lack of strong consensus, and that production, distribution and consumption of goods and services is the prime area of study of economics, the old definition still stands in many quarters.
Response: Jean-Baptiste Say - Treatise on Political Economy or, The Production, Distribution, and Consumption of Wealth;  Lionel Robbins - Essay on the Nature and Significance of Economic Science
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which of the following airlines are now defunct: Eastern Air Lines, Alaska Airlines, Virgin America Airlines, Virgin Atlantic Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, jetBlue, Spirit Airlines, Flybe
Response: Eastern Air Lines, Virgin America Airlines, Pan American World Airways, Tower Air, Braniff International Airways, Flybe
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Create a comma separated list of all countries mentioned in this paragraph on the history of test cricket
Context: Test cricket is a form of first-class cricket played at international level between teams representing full member countries of the International Cricket Council (ICC). A match consists of four innings (two per team) and is scheduled to last for up to five days. In the past, some Test matches had no time limit and were called Timeless Tests. The term "test match" was originally coined in 1861–62 but in a different context.

Test cricket did not become an officially recognised format until the 1890s, but many international matches since 1877 have been retrospectively awarded Test status. The first such match took place at the Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) in March 1877 between teams which were then known as a Combined Australian XI and James Lillywhite's XI, the latter a team of visiting English professionals. Matches between Australia and England were first called "test matches" in 1892. The first definitive list of retrospective Tests was written by South Australian journalist Clarence P. Moody two years later and, by the end of the century, had gained acceptance.

There are now twelve full ICC member countries playing Test cricket. Day/night Tests were permitted by the ICC in 2012 and the first day/night match was between Australia and New Zealand at the Adelaide Oval in November 2015.
Response: Australia, England, New Zealand
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways of traveling from Washington D.C to San Francisco?
Response: - take a direct flight
- drive cross country on paved roads with a car
- drive cross country on dirt roads with a car
- ride cross country on dirt roads with a motorcycle
- ride cross country with a bicycle
- take a ship through the panama canal
- walk cross country
- take a bus
- take a train
- hitchhike 
- combine any of the following methods
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify these as things you would want to wear for a rainy day or a very hot day: umbrella, ball cap, rain jacket, t-shirt, sunglasses, rain boots, flip-flops
Response: umbrella: rain, ball cap: hot day, rain jacket: rainy day, t-shirt: hot day, sunglasses: hot day, rain boots: rainy day, flip-flops: hot day
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Explain the best way to swing a golf iron compared to a golf driver.
Response: When hitting an iron you want to make a downward striking motion in the grass. The driver is more of a sweeping motion through the ball. Overall, shorten the back swing on the driver and it will help gain control.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What does BATNA stand for?
Response: Best - Alternative - To - A - Negotiated - Agreement
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the text about the 2019 Masters Tournament, tell me who won the golf tournament, where the tournament was held and what age the winner was?
Context: The 2019 Masters Tournament was the 83rd edition of the Masters Tournament and the first of golf's four major championships in 2019, held between April 11 and 14 at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, Georgia.

Tiger Woods won his fifth Green Jacket, and fifteenth major, by one stroke ahead of three runners-up. It left him one shy of Jack Nicklaus's record six Masters wins, and three short of his record eighteen major wins. At age 43, he became the eleventh oldest player to win a major, and the second oldest Masters winner, again only bettered by Nicklaus who won at age 46. It was 11 years after his last major win, the 2008 U.S. Open, and 14 years since his last Masters win beating the previous record of 13 years held by Gary Player. Due to the high profile of Woods, and his storied fall from the top of the game due to personal issues and injuries, the victory generated a large amount of publicity around the world, and is regarded as one of the great sporting comebacks.
Response: Tiger Woods won the golf tournament at Augusta National Golf Club in Augusta, GA and was 43 years old.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How to stay calm in stressful situations ?
Response: Keeping calm in all sorts of situation is very important and beneficial. However, it is easier said than done. The first step towards achieving this is to be physically fit and healthy. Maintaining a nutritious diet and getting enough sleep also contribute a lot. Regularly practicing yoga or meditation helps indeed. Not taking life too seriously and not being too attached to the material world is also a great way to not get agitated.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How many times michael schumacher won the F1 championship ?
Response: 7 times
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you grill a steak?
Response: To grill a great steak, it all starts with the seasoning.  A simple yet timeless seasoning includes a light coat with olive oil and salt and pepper to taste on all sides.   While seasoning, the steak should be fully and evenly covered.   From there, make sure your grill is hot (about 450* or higher) and grill for 4 minutes per side.  Make sure to turn the steak 90* after your second turn.  From there, remove once the steak hits 125* internal and let rest for 10 minutes.  Serve and enjoy!
Category: summarization
Instruction: When was the theory of comparative advantage developed?
Context: In an economic model, agents have a comparative advantage over others in producing a particular good if they can produce that good at a lower relative opportunity cost or autarky price, i.e. at a lower relative marginal cost prior to trade. Comparative advantage describes the economic reality of the work gains from trade for individuals, firms, or nations, which arise from differences in their factor endowments or technological progress. (The absolute advantage, comparing output per time (labor efficiency) or per quantity of input material (monetary efficiency), is generally considered more intuitive, but less accurate — as long as the opportunity costs of producing goods across countries vary, productive trade is possible.)

David Ricardo developed the classical theory of comparative advantage in 1817 to explain why countries engage in international trade even when one country's workers are more efficient at producing every single good than workers in other countries. He demonstrated that if two countries capable of producing two commodities engage in the free market (albeit with the assumption that the capital and labour do not move internationally), then each country will increase its overall consumption by exporting the good for which it has a comparative advantage while importing the other good, provided that there exist differences in labor productivity between both countries. Widely regarded as one of the most powerful yet counter-intuitive insights in economics, Ricardo's theory implies that comparative advantage rather than absolute advantage is responsible for much of international trade.
Response: The classical theory of comparative advantage was developed in 1817 by David Ricardo.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List top 5 people with most gold medals
Response: 1. Michael Phelps - 23 gold
2. Larisa Latynina - 9 gold 
3. Paavo Nurmi - 9 gold 
4. Mark Spitz - 9 gold 
5. Carl Lewis - 9 gold
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all the locations in the text
Context: Todd, third son of Ira and Sally (Hmman) Todd, was born in Hartwick, New York., March 4, 1813. He had spent one year at Amherst College, before entering as Sophomore at Yale College, where he graduated in 1836. He taught a high school in Canaan, Conn., until the spring of 1837, when he began law studies with Judge Arphaxad Loomis, of Little Falls, New York. Upon his admission to the bar in 1839, he decided to emigrate to the West. He selected St. Louis and arrived there in November, 1839, beginning practice in March, 1840. He gave special attention to questions affecting real property, and achieved distinguished success in litigated cases of this nature. Through apprehensions with regard to his health, he retired in 1860, at a comparatively early age, from active practice, confining himself thereafter to office consultations. He declined all political nominations until 1854, when he was elected to the Missouri House of Representatives. In 1860 he was an unsuccessful candidate for US Congress on the Bell and Everett ticket. In 1875, he was a member of the convention which revised the Constitution of Missouri. He was a director of Washington University, in St. Louis, and served gratuitously for fifteen years in its Law Department as lecturer. Among his students was Lemma Barkaloo, the first female law student in the United States. After a month's illness, he died at his home in St. Louis, of meningitis, April 30, 1885, in his 73rd year.
Response: Hartwick, New York
Canaan, Connecticut
Little Falls, New York
St Louis
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who was Yoshikazu Shirakawa?
Context: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971.
Response: Yoshikazu Shirakawa was a Japanese photographer. He is particularly well known for his book Himalayas, published by Harry N. Abrams in 1971. He also wrote The Alps, translated by Max A. Wyss.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the ten best restaurants in London?
Response: - Behind; Dalston
- Manteca; Shoreditch
- Restaurant St. Barts; Smithfield
- St. John; Farringdon
- F.K.A.B.A.M; Highbury
- Sabor; Mayfair
- Blacklock; Soho
- Planque; Haggerston
- Cycene; Shoreditch
- Brat; Shoreditch
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is the saying "An Apple a Day Keeos the Doctor Away" Factually correct?
Response: The above saying is factually incorrect. Just apple in itself although healthy might just not be sufficient. Although it is highly recommended to incorporate at least 1 cup of fruit in your daily meal.
Category: classification
Instruction: What ages are considered newborn, toddler, child and teenager?
Response: A newborn is typically from birth to 1 year old. A toddler is 1-5. A child is 5-12. A teenager is 12-18.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some fun board games to play as a family?
Response: Choosing a board game to enjoy as a family can be challenging, and the right game for your family can vary on the composition and ages in your family, how long of a game you want to play, and also where you are located in the world and what is available to you. A few more well-known family games include Monopoly, Sorry!, Trouble, LIFE, and Clue (some of which come in “Junior” editions for families with smaller children).  Some other games to try as a family, which vary in complexity, length and mechanics, include Settlers of Catan, Pandemic (particularly if your family enjoys cooperative games), Keys to the Kingdom, Letter Jam, Codenames, Ticket to Ride, Wingspan, We're Doomed, One Night Ultimate Werewolf, and Betrayal at House on the Hill.  For families with smaller children, check out games by publishers Haba, Amigo, and Gamewright.  These companies have several selections that are good for children, including Animal Upon Animal, Rhino Hero: Super Battle, Magic Mountain, Outfoxed, Forbidden Island, and others.  Pro tip:  the website, Board Game Geek (BGG), can be a good source of information, ratings, and reviews on different board games, and categorizes games by several factors, including a category and rankings for family games.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What career did  GeLing Yan have?
Context: Geling Yan (simplified Chinese: 严歌苓; traditional Chinese: 嚴歌苓; pinyin: Yán Gēlíng; born 16 November 1958]) is a Chinese-American author and screenwriter. Yan began performing as a dancer at age 12. She served in the People's Liberation Army in Chengdu, during the Cultural Revolution in Tibet and later as a journalist in the Sino-Vietnamese War, achieving a rank equivalent to lieutenant colonel.
Response: She is an author, screenwriter, and once was a dancer and a journalist.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which female Canadian director has directed episodes of Better Call Saul, The X-Files, and Game of Thrones?
Response: Michelle MacLaren
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which actor is common to Magnificent 7 and Dirty Dozen
Response: Charles Bronson
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Red-backed shrike, Red salmon
Response: Red salmon is a fish, Red-backed shrike is a bird
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the correlation between interest rates and bond prices?
Response: As interest rates rise, bond prices fall. This is because new bonds are selling at more attractive rates.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Where was the game of Pickle Ball invented.
Response: The game was created in 1965 on Bainbridge Island, Washington, at the summer home of Joel Pritchard, who later served in the United States Congress and as Washington's lieutenant governor.  Pritchard and two of his friends, Barney McCallum and Bill Bell, are credited with devising the game and establishing the rules.

According to Joan Pritchard, Joel Pritchard's wife, "The name of the game became Pickle Ball after I said it reminded me of the pickle boat in crew where oarsmen were chosen from the leftovers of other boats." Other sources state that the name "pickleball" was derived from the name of the Pritchard's family dog, Pickles.
Category: classification
Instruction: classify the following items as income or spending: salary, movie, tax return, car rent, food
Response: salary is income, car rent is income, movie is spending, car rent is spending, food is spending
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How do airplanes land?
Response: The pilot reduces engine power which lowers thrust. This reduces the lift and the plane descends.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as edible or not edible: hamburger, toast, rubber, leather, pizza, plastic
Response: Hamburger: Edible
Toast: Edible
Rubber: Not Edible
Leather: Not Edible
Pizza: Edible
Plastic: Not Edible
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is Chinese Eduction System like?
Response: In China, kids receive 12 years’ basic education, before entering higher education. 12 years’ basic education consistent with 9 years of “compulsory education” and 3 years of high school. The “compulsory education” is paid by the government, at least nominally, and kids are mandated to finish. It is divided into primary school and middle school, usually 6 years and 3 years, respectively. High school is not mandated to students. Some high schools are general high schools, which focus on academics and prepare students for colleges, while others are vocational or technical high schools. Many graduates of general high schools enter higher education. Some of them enter undergraduate study, which is usually 4 years, while others enter professional higher education, which is usually 3 years.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me the steps to purchase a new pair of shoes.
Response: First, determine the style of shoes you desire. (E.g. sneakers, sandals, tuxedo shoes)
Second, check your shoe size. 
Third, browse online or in a store and filter your choices according to your budget, style and availability. Try the shoes on before purchase if possible to ensure a good fit and comfort. 
Fourth, select your shoes and proceed to purchase. 
Fifth, purchase the shoes either online or in the store.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Provide for me, a number of famous Japanese animation characters that I could research for an assignment on anime.
Response: Here are a number of famous Japanese animation characters that you could use for further research: Kaito Kuroba (Detective Conan), Giyu Tomioka (Demon Slayer), Muichiro Tokito (Demon Slayer), Toge Inumaki (Jujutsu Kaisen), Rimuru Tempest (That Time I Got Reincarnated As A Slime), Gintoki Sakata (Gintama), Doraemon (Doraemon),  Serena (Pokemon), Satoru Gojo (Jujutsu Kaisen), and Levi Ackerman (Attack On Titan).
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Q: How can I prevent COVID-19?
Response: A: The best way to prevent COVID-19 is to get vaccinated with an FDA-approved or FDA-authorized COVID-19 vaccine and stay up to date on your COVID-19 vaccines.

In addition, the CDC recommends everyday preventive actions to help prevent the spread of COVID-19. 

Learn how to protect your family in this Consumer Update.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: In the following initial summary of the plot of the series My Hero Academia, what is the secret that Izuku must keep and from whom?
Context: Izuku Midoriya is a young man who dreams of becoming a Hero despite being bullied by his violent childhood friend Katsuki Bakugo for lacking a Quirk. After having a few encounters with his idol, All Might, who is Japan's greatest hero, Izuku is chosen by All Might to inherit his Quirk "One For All" (which gives him the ability to endlessly stockpile his raw power) and become his successor, as All Might was severely injured by his arch-nemesis All For One (whose Quirk allows him to steal other Quirks for his use and pass them over to others at his will) and does not have much time left to live. Izuku begins attending the U.A. High School for heroes in training alongside Bakugo and his friends from Class 1-A while keeping his connection with All Might a secret. During the course of the school year, Izuku and his friends work hard to improve themselves and have a few encounters with the League of Villains led by All For One's apprentice Tomura Shigaraki, who desires to kill All Might as part of their plan to take over the world. During one of these encounters, All Might and All For One have one last fight, which ends with All For One defeated and imprisoned, and All Might, having exhausted the last of One For All's power in himself, forced to retire.
Response: Izuku keeps his secret that All Might had chosen Izuku to inherit All Might's Quirk "One For All" from Bakugo and Izuku's friends from Class 1-A.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is a database schema?
Context: The database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported by the database management system (DBMS). The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database.[citation needed] These integrity constraints ensure compatibility between parts of the schema. All constraints are expressible in the same language. A database can be considered a structure in realization of the database language. The states of a created conceptual schema are transformed into an explicit mapping, the database schema. This describes how real-world entities are modeled in the database.
Response: It is the structure of a database -- as described in a formal language supported by the database management system. It refers to the organization of data as a blueprint for how the database is built (eg comprised of tables in the case of relational databases).
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the benefits of the 2-3 zone defense in basketball?
Response: The 2-3 zone defense is the most commonly used zone defense. It has the advantage of protecting the inside, lane area, and keeps your "bigs" inside. Its weakness is it is vulnerable to good outside shooting, with open areas on the wings, point and high post.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: In a section labeled "Isaac Asimov's Autobiography Volumes", from the given paragraph list the names of the volumes of Asimov's autobiography in chronological order with the following format {YEAR} - {TITLE} separated by newlines. Then, in a new section, list Janet Asimov's contributions in a section labeled "Asimov Biographies Janet Asimov Wrote or Contributed To" in the same format.
Context: Asimov published three volumes of autobiography. In Memory Yet Green (1979) and In Joy Still Felt (1980) cover his life up to 1978. The third volume, I. Asimov: A Memoir (1994), covered his whole life (rather than following on from where the second volume left off). The epilogue was written by his widow Janet Asimov after his death. The book won a Hugo Award in 1995. Janet Asimov edited It's Been a Good Life (2002), a condensed version of his three autobiographies. He also published three volumes of retrospectives of his writing, Opus 100 (1969), Opus 200 (1979), and Opus 300 (1984).
Response: Isaac Asimov's Autobiography Volumes
1979 - In Memory Yet Green
1980 - In Joy Still Felt
1994 - I. Asimov: A Memoir

Asimov Biographies Janet Asimov Wrote or Contributed To
1994 - I. Asimov: A Memoir
2002 - It's Been a Good Life
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who was Roy Cameron? When and where did he work?
Context: The Cameron Nunataks (72°36′S 163°43′E) are a small cluster of nunataks rising above the west margin of Evans Neve, at the southern end of the Freyberg Mountains. The cluster was mapped by the United States Geological Survey from surveys and from U.S. Navy air photos, 1960–64, and named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Roy E. Cameron, biologist at McMurdo Station, summers 1966–67 and 1967–68.
Response: Roy E. Cameron was a biologist. He worked in Antartica at the McMurdo Station during the summers of 1966–67 and 1967–68
Category: summarization
Instruction: When was The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution released?
Context: Infant Annihilator are an English deathcore band formed in Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire in 2012 by drummer Aaron Kitcher and guitarist Eddie Pickard. The band are known for their technical, eclectic and extreme musical style; parodistic and satirically graphic lyrical content and shock humour; and music videos that feature ribald themes.

Their debut album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution, which features the American vocalist Dan Watson, was released in late 2012. After replacing their vocalist with Massachusetts-native Dickie Allen, their second album The Elysian Grandeval Galèriarch was recorded and mixed by Jesse Kirkbride at his home studio Kirkbride Recordings and was released in 2016. Their third album, The Battle of Yaldabaoth, was released on 11 September 2019.

Infant Annihilator were described by the Hysteria Magazine as an internet band and even though they have stated that touring is a possibility, they have performed only as a studio project so far.
Response: The album The Palpable Leprosy of Pollution was released in late 2012 featuring the American vocalist Dan Watson.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Tell me about the RMS Adriatic
Context: RMS Adriatic was a British ocean liner of the White Star Line. She was the fourth of a quartet of ships of more than 20,000 GRT, dubbed The Big Four. The ship was the only one of the four which was never the world's largest ship. However, she was the largest, the fastest, and the most luxurious of the Big Four, being the first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and a Turkish bath.

She began her career on the brand new route from Southampton to New York before joining, from 1911, her sister ships on the secondary route from Liverpool. They were in fact slow liners intended to provide a service at moderate prices. When World War I broke out, the Adriatic was among the ships that continued their civilian transatlantic service, while carrying many provisions. In 1917, she was requisitioned and served as a troop transport.

After the war, she was refitted several times, and was gradually used for cruises, which became her main services in the 1930s. When Cunard Line and White Star Line merged in 1934, she was quickly deemed unnecessary and sold at the end of the year. She was scrapped in Osaka in 1935.
Response: The RMS Adriatic was a British ocean liner of the White Star Line. She was the fourth of a quartet of ships of more than 20,000 GRT, dubbed The Big Four. The ship was the only one of the four which was never the world's largest ship. However, she was the largest, the fastest, and the most luxurious of the Big Four, being the first ocean liner to have an indoor swimming pool and a Turkish bath.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether each of these sports is in the winter or summer olympics: track, skiing, snowboarding, curling, golf, soccer
Response: Track: Summer Olympics
Skiing: Winter Olympics
Snowboarding: Winter Olympics
Curling: Winter Olympics
Golf: Summer Olympics
Soccer: Summer Olympics
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Can you extract the different types of salts and sugars listed in the below text and show them as a bulleted list.
Context: In consumer marketing, it is difficult to find examples of undifferentiated approaches. Even goods such as salt and sugar, which were once treated as commodities, are now highly differentiated. Consumers can purchase a variety of salt products; cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes, and many more. Sugar also comes in many different types - cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar, and a plethora of sugar substitutes including smart sugar which is essentially a blend of pure sugar and a sugar substitute. Each of these product types is designed to meet the needs of specific market segments. Invert sugar and sugar syrups, for example, are marketed to food manufacturers where they are used in the production of conserves, chocolate, and baked goods. Sugars marketed to consumers appeal to different usage segments – refined sugar is primarily for use on the table, while caster sugar and icing sugar are primarily designed for use in home-baked goods.
Response: Here are the different types of salts and sugars mentioned in the text:
1. Salts: cooking salt, table salt, sea salt, rock salt, kosher salt, mineral salt, herbal or vegetable salts, iodized salt, salt substitutes
2. Sugars: cane sugar, beet sugar, raw sugar, white refined sugar, brown sugar, caster sugar, sugar lumps, icing sugar (also known as milled sugar), sugar syrup, invert sugar
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What recording artist has won the most Grammys?
Response: Beyonce, a singer-songwriter who has been active since the 1990s, holds the record for most Grammys won as of 2023 with 32 awards.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the history of the national commission for aerospace research and development
Context: The National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (CONIDA) (Spanish: Comisión Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Aeroespacial) is a national space agency tasked with government space activities in Peru.

History
CONIDA was founded on 11 June 1974 following Decree Law 20643, designated to be an entity subordinate to then the Ministry of Aeronautics, which was later merged into the Ministry of Defense.

Peru joined the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization on 28 October 2005.
Response: The National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (CONIDA) is a national space agency tasked with government space activities in Peru.

CONIDA was founded on 11 June 1974 following Decree Law 20643, designated to be an entity subordinate to then the Ministry of Aeronautics, which was later merged into the Ministry of Defense.

Peru joined the Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization on 28 October 2005.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are top 3 cities to move in the US with no state tax
Response: Most popular cities where people have been recently moving to among the states that don't have any state tax in the US are: 
1. Miami, FL
2. Seattle, WA
3. Austin, TX

However, if you can tell me more in terms of what your professional interests and outdoor activities you like, I can tailor the response further
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me if the following were originally board or computer games: Scrabble, Monopoly, Doom, Counter Strike, Sorry, Super Mario Bros?
Response: Scrabble, Monopoly, and Sorry were originally board games. Doom, Counter Strike, and Super Mario Bros were originally computer games.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the below items based on who owns them. Google or Microsoft.
Bard, ChatGPT, Chrome, Bing
Response: Bard, Chrome - Google
ChatGPT, Bing - Microsoft
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me a simple summary of idempotency
Context: Idempotence (UK: /ˌɪdɛmˈpoʊtəns/, US: /ˈaɪdəm-/) is the property of certain operations in mathematics and computer science whereby they can be applied multiple times without changing the result beyond the initial application. The concept of idempotence arises in a number of places in abstract algebra (in particular, in the theory of projectors and closure operators) and functional programming (in which it is connected to the property of referential transparency).

The term was introduced by American mathematician Benjamin Peirce in 1870 in the context of elements of algebras that remain invariant when raised to a positive integer power, and literally means "(the quality of having) the same power", from idem + potence (same + power).
Response: Idempotency is a mathematical property where if you apply an operation multiple times, the result remains the same -- just as if you had only applied the operation once. Idempotency can grant you at-most-once semantics.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some quick dinners that I can make during the week?
Response: Some good ideas for quick dinners that you can make in 15-30 min or less include several pasta dishes like carbonara, basil pesto and pasta Alfredo or dishes that come quickly together like Chinese style fried rice to which you can add different proteins like shrimp, chicken or meat or tofu if you'd rather go for a vegetarian option. Salads are also a good candidate for quick dinners since you can be quite flexible in your combinations and usually do not require to heat up or cook any of the ingredients.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what kinds of shoes are there?
Response: The different kinds of shoes you can buy are running shoes, hiking shoes, steel toe boots, sandals, high heels, walking shoes, dress shoes, slippers, construction boots, etc.  You should pick the pair of shoes you need based on the activity you will be engaging in.  Using the right pair of shoes for the right job will keep you safe, less prone to injury, and make it easier and more enjoyable to do the activity you are doing.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the main challenges to  solar panel adoption ?
Response: Based on our collective understanding , main barriers to residential solar panel adoption are Economic, Policy and legal, and technical. For example, the initial cost of homeowner to invest in solar, is substantial and the break even on the investment is over 20 years. In addition many utilities don’t have policies to sufficiently compensate for storage and reselling of the excess energy produced.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a narcissist?
Response: People who see themselves as the center of the universe. Narcissists gain confidence by putting others down. They feel attacked at the slightest thing, even when a comment has nothing to do with them. They're small human beings. They lack grace, wisdom, humility, integrity, and perhaps even a conscience. Narcissists make the worst mothers — traumatizing their children, feeling resentful and jealous of their children and in the worst cases, seeing their daughters as their competition. Narcissists make the worst kind of boss. Unfortunately, many narcissists are in positions of power.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: here is some information about Ross McLean, how many years was Ross president of the Leavue of help for sick and elderly?
Context: He was a member of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation Board of Directors for five years from 1999. He was chair of the National Childcare Accreditation Council for four years from 1996 to 1999. He was president of the Association for the Blind of WA from 1995 to 1999. He was president of the League of Help for the Sick and Elderly of WA from 1995 to 1997. In December 2001 he resigned as chairman of the Fremantle Football Club in the wake of revelations that the club had exceeded the salary cap for the 2001 season. He was a member of the Board of the Western Australian Cricket Association from 2004 to 2012.
Response: 2 years, between 1995 to 1997.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these foods are from North and South of India: Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura, Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice
Response: Chicken Tikka, Chole Samosa, Chole Batura are North Indian Foods. Idli Sambar, Dosa, Upama, Tamarind Rice are from South of India.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the value of x if x^2 = 4?
Response: x is either equal to 2 or -2
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest golfer of all time?
Response: The greatest golfer of all time is a highly contested topic, although a few names come to mind for any golfer in the modern era. Many folks will look at the players who have won the most Major events, of which there are only four each year. The winningest golfer based on number of Major wins is Jack Nicklaus, and the second winningest golfer is Tiger Woods. 

Many would say that means Jack Nicklaus is the greatest golfer of all time, however greatness can also be measured by one's impact on the game. Tiger Woods opened the door for an entire generation of young players coming from diverse backgrounds. This is a fundamental change to a sport that is historically a game of privilege and aristocracy. 

I would argue that the combination of having a winning record in Major events and having a significant cultural impact on the game makes Tiger Woods the greatest and most influential golfer of all time.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List the twelve astrological signs of the Zodiac in alphabetical order, with their corresponding symbol in parentheses.
Response: (1) Aquarius (Water-Bearer)
(2) Aries (Ram)
(3) Cancer (Crab)
(4) Capricorn (Goat)
(5) Gemini (Twins)
(6) Leo (Lion)
(7) Libra (Scales)
(8) Pisces (Fish)
(9) Sagittarius (Archer)
(10) Scorpio (Scorpion)
(11) Taurus (Bull)
(12) Virgo (Maiden)
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these styles are related to facial hair or head hair: mohawk, buzz cut, goatee, soul patch, mustache, chin strap, bowl cut
Response: Mohawk: Head Hair
Buzz Cut: Head Hair
Goatee: Facial Hair
Soul Patch: Facial Hair
Mustache: Facial Hair
Chin Strap: Facial Hair
Bowl Cut: Head Hair
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of some American states which border Mexico
Response: California, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas all border Mexico
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph, who wrote "August?"
Context: August (2001), is the first novel by author Gerard Woodward. It was shortlisted for Whitbread Book Award (2001).
Response: Gerard Woodward
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the  population of Seattle metropolitan area
Context: Seattle (/siˈætəl/ (listen) see-AT-əl) is a seaport city on the West Coast of the United States. It is the seat of King County, Washington. With a 2020 population of 737,015, it is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States. Its growth rate of 21.1% between 2010 and 2020 made it one of country's fastest-growing large cities.
Response: The Seattle metropolitan area's population is 4.02 million, making it the 15th-largest in the United States
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage note down the years when global recession happened. List the results in comma separated format.
Context: The International Monetary Fund defines a global recession as "a decline in annual per‑capita real World GDP (purchasing power parity weighted), backed up by a decline or worsening for one or more of the seven other global macroeconomic indicators: Industrial production, trade, capital flows, oil consumption, unemployment rate, per‑capita investment, and per‑capita consumption".According to this definition, since World War II there were only four global recessions (in 1975, 1982, 1991 and 2009), all of them only lasting a year (although the 1991 recession would have lasted until 1993 if the IMF had used normal exchange rate weighted per‑capita real World GDP rather than the purchasing power parity weighted per‑capita real World GDP). The 2009 global recession, also known as the Great Recession, was by far the worst of the four postwar recessions, both in terms of the number of countries affected and the decline in real World GDP per capita.
Response: 1975, 1982, 1991, 2009
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List 8 rarest minerals
Response: Red Beryl, Paraiba Tourmaline, Alexandrite, Padparadscha Sapphire, Painite, Kashmir Sapphire, Red Diamond, Jadeite
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the family at the centre of the TV show Succession?
Context: Succession is an American satirical black comedy-drama television series created by Jesse Armstrong. It premiered on June 3, 2018, on HBO. The series centers on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo, a global media and entertainment conglomerate, who are fighting for control of the company amid uncertainty about the health of the family's patriarch, Logan Roy (Brian Cox). The series has been renewed for a fourth and final season, which premiered on March 26, 2023.
Response: Succession centres on the Roy family, the owners of Waystar RoyCo
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the total amount of milk produced by Brazil in 2018
Context: Brazil is the world's largest exporter of chicken meat: 3.77 million tonnes in 2019. The country is the holder of the second largest herd of cattle in the world, 22.2% of the world herd. The country was the second largest producer of beef in 2019, responsible for 15.4% of global production. It was also the 3rd largest world producer of milk in 2018. This year, the country produced 35.1 billion liters. In 2019, Brazil was the 4th largest pork producer in the world, with almost 4 million tonnes.
Response: Brazil produced 35.1 billion litres of milk in 2018
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me if these technologies would have existed before the invention of electricity or not: steam engine, candles, iPad, radio, oil lamps, fax machine, printing press
Response: steam engine: would have existed, candles: would have existed, iPad: would not have existed, radio: would not have existed, oil lamps: would have existed, fax machine: would not have existed, printing press: would have existed
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many cards are there is a standard deck of cards ?
Response: A standard deck of cards contains fifty-two cards. The cards are divided in to four equal suits of thirteen cards, with the suits being Hearts, Diamonds, Clubs and Spades. The thirteen cards have different values on them, typically starting with a two and including a card for each number up to ten. There are also cards which show either a Jack, a Queen or a King, which nominally represent a value of eleven, twelve and thirteen respectively. The final card is known as an Ace, which represents a value of one, though in many card games it is considered the highest value card. The Heart and Diamond suits are coloured red while the Club and Spade suits are coloured black.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: At a college graduation ceremony, each graduate is handed a diploma and sunflower. Aaron, Fiona, and Noor are three graduates. Only Fiona is allergic to sunflowers. As she exits the stage, Fiona sneezes but Aaron and Noor do not. Why does Fiona sneeze but not the other two?
Response: Fiona is allergic to sunflowers while the other two are not. After she received a sunflower on the stage, it caused her to sneeze.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Without quoting directly from the text give me a summary of the different types of motorcycles.
Context: The six main types of motorcycles are generally recognized as standard, cruiser, touring, sports, off-road, and dual-purpose. Sport touring is sometimes recognized as a seventh category or integrated with the touring category.

Although there are many names and systems for classifying types of motorcycles based on their characteristics and usage, there are generally six categories recognized by most motorcycle manufacturers and organizations.

Strong distinctions are usually made between the six main types of motorcycles and other motorcycles. Scooter, moped, underbone, miniature, pocket, electric, and three-wheeled motorcycles are generally excluded from the main categories but other classification schemes may include these as types of motorcycles.

There is no universal system for classifying all types of motorcycles. There are strict classification systems enforced by competitive motorcycle sport sanctioning bodies, or legal definitions of a motorcycle established by certain legal jurisdictions for motorcycle registration, emissions, road traffic safety rules or motorcyclist licensing. There are also informal classifications or nicknames used by manufacturers, riders, and the motorcycling media. Some experts do not recognize sub-types, like naked bike, that "purport to be classified" outside the six usual classes, because they fit within one of the main types and are recognizable only by cosmetic changes.

Street motorcycles are motorcycles designed for being ridden on paved roads. They have smooth tires with tread patterns and engines generally in the 125 cc (7.6 cu in) and over range. Typically, street motorcycles are capable of speeds up to 100 mph (160 km/h), and many of speeds in excess of 125 mph (201 km/h). Street motorcycles powered by electric motors are becoming more common, with firms like Harley-Davidson entering the market.
Response: Motorcycles are 2 wheeled vehicles powered by an internal combustion engine generally made for a single rider.  Although there are many styles of motorcycles, they are loosely organized into 6 main categories.  These categories most closely align to the intended use of the vehicle.  There is your standard motorcycle, your more relaxed cruising motorcycle, the larger capacity and longer haul touring cycle, a racing more sportier sports cycle and then you have a off-road motorcycle often known as a dirtbike and lastly a dual-sport which is a motorcycle that can go both on and offroad.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What year did the trek in Finding Farley end?
Context: Finding Farley is a 2009 documentary directed by Leanne Allison as she and her husband Karsten Heuer travel across Canada in the literary footsteps of the Canadian writer Farley Mowat.

Heuer, a biologist and author, had written a book on his experiences making the documentary Being Caribou, in which he and Allison traveled 1,500 kilometres (930 mi) by foot across Arctic tundra following a herd of 120,000 Porcupine caribou. After reading a draft of Heuer's account, Mowat invited them to visit him at his summer farm in Cape Breton Island.

Accompanied by their two-year-old son Zev and dog Willow, the couple left their home in Canmore in May 2007 for a 5,000 kilometres (3,100 mi), six-month trek east across Canada. From Canmore, 100 kilometres west of Calgary, they canoed to Hudson Bay, visiting many of the settings that Mowat wrote about in Never Cry Wolf, Lost in the Barrens and People of the Deer. From Hudson Bay, their plan was to travel by sea to northern Labrador, the setting of Mowat's stories such as The Serpent's Coil, Grey Seas Under, Sea of Slaughter and A Whale for the Killing. From Newfoundland and Labrador they planned a final journey by water, arriving at Cape Breton near the end of October. Finding Farley was the top film at the 2010 Banff Mountain Film Festival, receiving both the Grand Prize and People's Choice awards.
Response: 2007.  Started in May 2007 and lasted 6 months.  Which would have been November 2007.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Please extract a list from this paragraph of the brain regions impacted by alcohol-related dementia and separate them using commas.
Context: Alcohol-related dementia, also called alcohol-related brain damage, occurs as a result of excessive use of alcohol particularly as a substance abuse disorder. Different factors can be involved in this development including thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability. A degree of brain damage is seen in more than 70% of those with alcohol use disorder. Brain regions affected are similar to those that are affected by aging, and also by Alzheimer's disease. Regions showing loss of volume include the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, as well as the cerebellum, thalamus, and hippocampus. This loss can be more notable, with greater cognitive impairments seen in those aged 65 years and older.
Response: frontal, temporal, parietal, cerebellum, thalamus, hippocampus