fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When was Heineken founded?
Response: Heineken was founded on February 15th 1864 in Amsterdam. Heineken is a well know beer brand.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: If you are stranded in the African bush, what’s the best way to stay alive  ?
Response: The best advice is to stay calm, panicking will increase your stress levels and could lead to dehydration faster.

The next is to assess your situation, look for high trees , this can help you with both safety from animals on the ground and can help with getting a better assessment of your surroundings and see if you can get a connection on your phone. 


 If it’s safe to travel, do so only at dusk and dawn when the sun is lowest. Don’t travel at night. If you need to spend the night, don’t start a fire, this could spread uncontrollable and create an additional challenge for you. If you find a tree that is free of animals and snakes, try and use a piece of clothing to tie you to that tree so you can sleep without falling. 

Finding water is essential, don’t drink from any standing water, it most likely contains dangerous pathogens. Try and find roots, bulbs or trees that have water. If you can see a river , try to follow its path downstream, it will most likely lead to more human populated areas but also be careful as animals often migrate to and from rivers.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: what's the tallest mountain in the world
Context: Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities
Response: Mount Everest
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are 6 different reasons to go on vacation?
Response: 1. re-connect with you partner
2. spend time with your children
3. learn a new culture
4. address burnout you are feeling in your regular life
5. learn a new language
6. eat delicious food
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are cheese or bread: Gouda, Focaccia, Brie, Baguette, Pecorino, Romano, Cheddar, Brioche, Ciabatta, Manchego, Smoked Gouda, Pita, Sourdough
Response: Gouda is a type of cheese.
Focaccia is a type of bread.
Brie is a type of cheese.
Baguette is a type of bread.
Pecorino Romano is a type of cheese.
Cheddar is a type of cheese.
Brioche is a type of bread.
Ciabatta is a type of bread.
Manchego is a type of cheese.
Smoked Gouda is a type of cheese.
Pita is a type of bread.
Sourdough is a type of bread.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, list the traits which are often associated with Procrastination (in a comma separated manner).
Context: Procrastination is the action of unnecessarily and voluntarily delaying or postponing something despite knowing that there will be negative consequences for doing so. The word has originated from the Latin word procrastinatus, which itself evolved from the prefix pro-, meaning "forward," and crastinus, meaning "of tomorrow." Oftentimes, it is a habitual human behaviour. It is a common human experience involving delay in everyday chores or even putting off salient tasks such as attending an appointment, submitting a job report or academic assignment, or broaching a stressful issue with a partner. Although typically perceived as a negative trait due to its hindering effect on one's productivity often associated with depression, low self-esteem, guilt and inadequacy, it can also be considered a wise response to certain demands that could present risky or negative outcomes or require waiting for new information to arrive.

From a cultural and a social perspective, students from both Western and non-Western cultures are found to exhibit academic procrastination, but for different reasons. Students from Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid doing worse than they have done before or from failing to learn as much as they should have, whereas students from non-Western cultures tend to procrastinate in order to avoid looking incompetent, or to avoid demonstrating a lack of ability in front of their peers. It is also important to consider how different cultural perspectives of time management can impact procrastination. For example, in cultures that have a multi-active view of time, people tend to place a higher value on making sure a job is done accurately before finishing. In cultures with a linear view of time, people tend to designate a certain amount of time on a task and stop once the allotted time has expired.
Response: Based on the passage provided, here are the traits which are often associated with Procrastination: depression, low self-esteem, guilt, inadequacy.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What does Chevron do?
Response: Chevron is an oil and gas company that has operations in the entire well lifecycle.  Chevron drills land and deep water wells.  They have refineries for processing oil into gasoline and other products.  Chevron has an entire trucking fleet company for delivering their produced gasoline to Chevron and Texaco gas station direct to consumer.  They have surface facility networks for moving produced oil all over the United States.  They also have Chevron shipping to move oil overseas to other countries.  Chevron has all the talent - drilling engineers, petroleum engineers, geologists, petrophysicists, reservoir engineers, and seismologists, and other support personnel necessary to deliver the full well lifecycle
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What's the game engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine? And what's the last game make with it?
Context: After using the Gamebryo engine to create The Elder Scrolls III: Morrowind, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, and Fallout 3, Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3.

Following the completion of Skyrim, Bethesda set out to enhance the graphical core of the Creation Engine by first adding a physically based deferred renderer to allow for more dynamic lighting and to paint materials object surfaces with realistic materials. Bethesda worked with technology company Nvidia to implement volumetric lighting through a technique that makes use of hardware tesselation. Additionally the updated version of the Creation Engine powering Bethesda's Fallout 4 offers more advanced character generation.
Response: Gamebryo was the engine used by Bethesda before Creation Engine. It is developed by Gamebase Cot., Ltd and Gamebase USA. Gamebryo is used by numerous companies within the gaming industry.

Bethesda decided that Gamebryo's capabilities were becoming too outdated and began work on the Creation Engine for their next game, The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, by forking the codebase used for Fallout 3.

The last game from Bethesda made with Gamebryo engine is Fallout 3 (2008).
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest NFL running back of all time?
Response: Arguably, Barry Sanders is the greatest running back of all time.  Unlike Emmitt Smith, Barry Sanders played behind an offensive line that was soft and weak.  There were no pro bowl players on the Detroit Lions offensive line during Barry's tenure in Detroit.  Barry Sanders also retired at his peak because he was disheartened by the direction of the franchise's inability to improve year over year.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: On television what was Flipper
Response: Dolphin
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which positions did Kamerion Wimbley play in High school?
Context: Kamerion Wimbley (born October 13, 1983) is a former American football outside linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League (NFL). He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in the first round of the 2006 NFL Draft with the 13th overall pick. He also played for the Oakland Raiders and Tennessee Titans before retiring in 2015. He played college football at Florida State University.

Early years
Attending Wichita Northwest High School in Kansas, Wimbley played defensive end, linebacker, quarterback, receiver and punter. He earned Parade and SuperPrep All-America honors during his senior season and was considered to be one of the top high school athletes in the nation. He played in the 2002 U.S. Army All-American Bowl.

Considered a four-star recruit by Rivals.com, Wimbley was ranked 58th overall among football prospects of the class of 2002. He selected Florida State over Notre Dame, Nebraska, Oklahoma and Tennessee. Wimbley graduated from Northwest High School in December 2001 (a semester early) and enrolled at Florida State in the spring of 2002.
Response: Kamerion Wimbley played Football in multiple positions in Wichita Northwest High School in Kansas, including: defensive end, linebacker, quarterback, receiver and punter.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are some of the most efficient programing languages?
Response: C, C++, Rust are very efficient, while Java and Scala are easier to develop with and have lower barrier of entry but are not as efficient
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the first dog that went to space?
Response: Laika
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between pets and cattle?
Response: Although both are animals at the end of the day, however, the main difference comes partially in the form of perception and, historically, the relationship of humans with certain animals. Pets, e.g. dogs, cats, etc., are used more for companionship and not for food. On the contrary, cattle, e.g. cows, pigs, chickens, etc., are primarily raised for food, i.e. meat, milk, eggs, etc.
Category: classification
Instruction: which of these cities are in asia: cardiff, amsterdam, mumbai, bangalore, delhi?
Response: The following cities are in Asia: Mumbai, Bangalore( new name Bengalooru), Delhi. Cardiff is in the U.K. and Amsterdam in Europe.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Project Mosaic?
Response: Mosaic is an extension to the Apache Spark framework that allows easy and fast processing of very large geospatial datasets.
Mosaic provides:
-easy conversion between common spatial data encodings (WKT, WKB and GeoJSON);
-constructors to easily generate new geometries from Spark native data types;
-many of the OGC SQL standard ST_ functions implemented as Spark Expressions for transforming, aggregating and joining spatial datasets;
-high performance through implementation of Spark code generation within the core Mosaic functions;
-optimisations for performing point-in-polygon joins using an approach we co-developed with Ordnance Survey (blog post); and
-the choice of a Scala, SQL and Python API.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some quick ways to lose all of my money?
Response: Here are some quick ways to lose all of your money:
1. Place all of your money on red at the roulette table.
2. Play high-stakes blackjack everyday for the next week.
3. Buy random crypto currencies like Solana.
4. Buy extremely out of the money options on trading applications like Robinhood.
5. Loan it to friends and families with a history of not paying you back.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Tell me who were the last three monarchs of the United Kingdom. Give it to me in a bulleted list with the format <name> (<start date> - <end date>)
Response: The last three monarchs of the United Kingdom are:
- Charles III (8 September 2022 - Present)
- Elizabeth II (6 February 1952 - 8 September 2022)
- George VI (11 December 1936 - 6 February 1952)
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract and list the names of characters a player can control in The Last of Us mentioned in the paragraph. Also describe relationships between those characters.
Context: The Last of Us is an action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player traverses post-apocalyptic environments such as towns, buildings, forests, and sewers to advance the story. The player can use firearms, improvised weapons, hand-to-hand combat, and stealth to defend against hostile humans and cannibalistic creatures infected by a mutated strain of the Cordyceps fungus. For most of the game, the player takes control of Joel, a man tasked with escorting a young girl, Ellie, across the United States. The player also controls Ellie throughout the game's winter segment and briefly controls Joel's daughter, Sarah, in the opening sequence.
Response: In the Last of Us, a player can control Joel, Ellie (who is being escorted by Joen acress the United States), and Sarah (who is Joel's daughter).
Category: summarization
Instruction: What teams were a part of the 2021 Valletta Cup?
Context: The 2021 Valletta Cup was a Twenty20 International (T20I) cricket tournament held in Malta between 21 and 24 October 2021. It was the second edition of the Valletta Cup. The matches were played at the Marsa Sports Club in Marsa. The participating teams were the hosts Malta along with Bulgaria, Gibraltar and Switzerland.

This was the first international tournament for Switzerland since the introduction of global T20I status in January 2019, and their re-admittance to the International Cricket Council (ICC) in July 2021. Cricket Switzerland (previously known as the Swiss Cricket Association), had been suspended by the ICC in 2012 due to non-compliance following the formation of a second organization also claiming to oversee cricket in the country. They were one of three nations to gain Associate membership after the ICC's annual general meeting in July 2021.

Switzerland finished on top of the round-robin stage with three wins. Malta defeated Switzerland in the final, after Bulgaria defeated Gibraltar in the third-place playoff. After the tournament, Malta and Gibraltar played a rain-affected two-match bilateral T20I series that was shared after one game was lost to the weather and the other finished as a DLS method tie.
Response: Malta, Bulgaria, Gibraltar & Switzerland were of the participating teams in the 2021 Valletta Cup.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bullet list of 6 different types of Christianity
Response: - Catholicism
- Mormonism
- Presbyterian 
- Methodist
- Baptist
- Calvinist
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract how many meetings rooms and seats are available in the main hall from the passage provided
Context: It has a plenary hall that has 5,000 seats. JCC also has an assembly hall with an area of 3,921 square metres. JCC has 13 various sized meeting rooms. JCC is connected to The Sultan Hotel & Residence Jakarta (formerly Jakarta Hilton International) by a tunnel. The tunnel has moving walkways and is air-conditioned. 
Response: The JCC or Jakarta Convention Center has 13 various sized meetings rooms. It currently has a capacity of 5,000 seats in the main plenary hall
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Using the text below extract the sponsor, bid amount and the time period (from year to to year) in the format: {sponsor} - {bid amount} - {time period) and show it as a bullet list
Context: From 2008 to 2012, the title sponsor was DLF, India's largest real estate developer, who had secured the rights with a bid of ₹200 crore (US$25 million) for five seasons. After the conclusion of the 2012 season, PepsiCo bought the title sponsorship rights for ₹397 crore (US$50 million) for the subsequent five seasons. However, the company terminated the deal in October 2015, two years before the expiry of the contract, reportedly due to the two-season suspension of Chennai and Rajasthan franchises from the league. The BCCI then transferred the title sponsorship rights for the remaining two seasons of the contract to Chinese smartphone manufacturer Vivo for ₹200 crore (US$25 million). In June 2017, Vivo retained the rights for the next five seasons (2018–2022) with a winning bid of ₹2,199 crore (US$280 million), in a deal more expensive than Barclays' Premier League title sponsorship contract between 2013 and 2016. On 4 August 2020, Vivo got out of the title sponsorship rights due to the ongoing military stand-off between India and China at the Line of Actual Control in July 2020. It was also reported that the withdrawal was a result of Vivo's market losses due to the ongoing COVID-19 situation and that it intended to return as the title sponsors for the following three years. Dream11 bagged the title sponsorship for the 2020 IPL for an amount of ₹222 crore. Vivo returned as the title sponsor for the 2021 IPL, but pulled out again, and was replaced by the Tata Group for the next two seasons. InsideSport reported that the BCCI would actually receive ₹498 crore (US$62 million) for the 2022 and 2023 seasons from title sponsors. Vivo had previously agreed to pay a higher amount for the last two seasons of its sponsorship contract due to the expansion of the league from the 2022 season. According to InsideSport, the new deal had been structured such that Tata would pay ₹335 crore (US$42 million) per year while the deficit of ₹163 crore (US$20 million) per season would be paid by Vivo.
Response: Here is the name of the sponsor along with the requested details:
DLF - 200 crores - 2008 to 2012
PepsiCo - 297 crores - 2012 to 2015
Vivo - 200 crores - 2015 to 2017
Vivo - 2,199 crores - 2018 to 2019
Dream11 - 220 crores -  2020
Vivo -  2,199 crores - 2021
Tata - 335 crores - 2022 to 2023
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or woodwind: Tenoroon, Tembor
Response: Tembor is string, Tenoroon is woodwind.
Category: classification
Instruction: There are three rock types; igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. I have a list of rocks, can you please tell me what type of rocks they are? These are the rocks: Sandstone, Granite, Marble, Basalt, Chalk, Slate.
Response: Granite and basalt are igneous rocks. Sandstone and chalk are sedimentary rocks. Marble and slate are metamorphic rock types.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a poem about a cat owner who gets transported to a parallel universe where highly advanced cats keep humans as pets.
Response: I’d always been a cat person
But ne’er it crossed my mind
That one day I’d be whisked off to
A world run by felines

Though stunned by what I saw at first
(Imagine cats in hats!)
It wasn’t long before I found
I’d have to face some facts

For one, the cats were civilized
Far more than you or I
There was free fish both night and day
And many warm spots to lie

They’d music made of mewing notes
With basso purring too
They had sculpture, architecture,
(Though furballs were the glue)

But one night in my wanderings
I heard a fearful cry
A half-forgotten human sound
The wailing of a child

With unease growing in my heart
I sought the baleful noise
And through a window brightly lit
I saw a group of boys

The cats were playing with them, yes
The way you’d treat a pet
But the boys were crying nonetheless
Eyes shining big and wet

At once I knew what had them down,
What necessity they lacked
They cried and cried “Mama! Papa!”
To home they wanted back

When I returned from that strange land
And heard my own cat whine
The sound of those poor children
Echoed deep inside my mind
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are rugby and American football similar?
Response: In many regards, yes. In many regards, no. The main similarities are that ball-carrying players are tackled by the opposing team to keep them from scoring the ball in the end zone. The ball is a similar shape, but a different size. The main differences are in the number of players on the field at any given time; 15 players per side in rugby. 11 players per side in football. Also, in football, a player can advance the ball by throwing it forward to a teammate. In rugby, the ball must travel laterally or backward to a teammate by hand. The ball can only be advanced by running or kicking the ball.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of ways to lose weight
Response: * Get more active
* Drink plenty of water
* Use a smaller plate
* Cut down on alcohol
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How much did the United States pay for Alaska when it bought the land from Russia?
Response: $7.2 million.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the last ten U.S. Open Golf Champions
Response: Here is a bulleted list of the past ten U.S. Open Golf Champions

Winners:
- Matt Fitzpatrick
- Jon Rahm	
- Bryson DeChambeau
- Gary Woodland	
- Brooks Koepka	
- Brooks Koepka 
- Dustin Johnson	
- Jordan Spieth 
- Martin Kaymer
- Justin Rose
- Webb Simpson
- Rory McIlroy
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the cutest animals.
Response: Panda, koala, guinea pig.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is heavier, 1 centimetre or 5 miles?
Response: Unfortunately, I can't answer that question. A centimetre and a mile are both units of measurement and therefore don't have an associated weight.
Category: summarization
Instruction: what is petrified wood
Context: Petrified wood, also known as petrified tree (from Ancient Greek πέτρα meaning 'rock' or 'stone'; literally 'wood turned into stone'), is the name given to a special type of fossilized wood, the fossilized remains of terrestrial vegetation. Petrifaction is the result of a tree or tree-like plants having been replaced by stone via a mineralization process that often includes permineralization and replacement. The organic materials making up cell walls have been replicated with minerals (mostly silica in the form of opal, chalcedony, or quartz). In some instances, the original structure of the stem tissue may be partially retained. Unlike other plant fossils, which are typically impressions or compressions, petrified wood is a three-dimensional representation of the original organic material.

The petrifaction process occurs underground, when wood becomes buried in water or volcanic ash. The presence of water reduces the availability of oxygen which inhibits aerobic decomposition by bacteria and fungi. Mineral-laden water flowing through the sediments may lead to permineralization, which occurs when minerals precipitate out of solution filling the interiors of cells and other empty spaces. During replacement, the plant's cell walls act as a template for mineralization. There needs to be a balance between the decay of cellulose and lignin and mineral templating for cellular detail to be preserved with fidelity. Most of the organic matter often decomposes, however some of the lignin may remain. Silica in the form of opal-A, can encrust and permeate wood relatively quickly in hot spring environments. However, petrified wood is most commonly associated with trees that were buried in fine grained sediments of deltas and floodplains or volcanic lahars and ash beds. A forest where such material has petrified becomes known as a petrified forest.
Response: Petrified wood is one of fossils, it is a plant which the inner part has been replaced by stone by compressions and impressions through millions of years
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Was the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth described in the 20th or 21st century?
Context: Macroglossum insipida, the hermit hummingbird hawkmoth, is a moth of the family Sphingidae. It was described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875.
Response: Neither.  It was first described by Arthur Gardiner Butler in 1875, which is in the 19th century.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why do people like the band 'My Morning Jacket?'
Response: Many committed fans gravitate to their unique sound including traditional rock n roll elements like guitar, drums, bass guitar, and keyboard, but also including unique sounds like slide guitar, saxophone, acoustic guitar, and an Omnichord.  My Morning Jacket's lead singer, guitarist, and songwriter, Jim James, has an incredible voice and is an amazing live performer.  Further, many dedicated fans love their unique live performances and will travel around the world to attend their concerts.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where do eggs come from?
Response: Eggs come from female chicken in their reproductive track.  Humans eat these eggs as a source of protein in meals.  Eggs are normally eaten the most at breakfast time but they are also used in many desserts like cakes and cookies.  Chickens can lay eggs every 26 - 24 hours.  This process can also be speed up by giving female chicken more calcium, more room to roam, reduced stress environment, and free flowing water.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think up of different foods that are good for when you are sick
Response: Warm tea, chicken noodle soup, oranges, ginger chews
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do babies cry?
Response: Babies can cry from a variety of reasons. Either the baby is hungry, uncomfortable, needs a change of diaper or just in need of a hug. Babies cannot speak so the only way they express their emotions is via crying or smiling. When a baby cries they are typically looking for  attention or for you to address a matter for them. Try to see what is making your baby uncomfortable and try to address the root cause. When a baby cries uncontrollably and you cannot decipher the cause, check with your pediatrician.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where is Amazon rainforest located?
Context: The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.

The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.[
Response: The Amazon jungle is located in South America. It is spanned across Brazil, Peru, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What motivates a chief executive officer?
Response: Revenue and platform or product consumption and scalability motivate chief technology officers (CEOs).  It is the quickest way to achieve company exponential growth.  Strategic vision with laser focus execution focus items that drive company growth also motivate CEOs.  Having a team of world-class employees who help to deliver the strategic vision, and product platform scalability and consumption that increases revenue also motivates CEOs.
Category: classification
Instruction: What do Logan, Ororo, Charles, Jean, and Scott have in common?
Response: They are all X-Men.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who invented cement that could be set underwater?
Response: The Romans were the first to make cement that could set in water
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the list of countries that have part of the Amazon rainforest. Place them in a bullet list
Context: The Amazon rainforest, also called Amazon jungle or Amazonia, is a moist broadleaf tropical rainforest in the Amazon biome that covers most of the Amazon basin of South America. This basin encompasses 7,000,000 km2 (2,700,000 sq mi), of which 5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sq mi) are covered by the rainforest. This region includes territory belonging to nine nations and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories.

The majority of the forest, 60%, is in Brazil, followed by Peru with 13%, Colombia with 10%, and with minor amounts in Bolivia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela. Four nations have "Amazonas" as the name of one of their first-level administrative regions, and France uses the name "Guiana Amazonian Park" for French Guiana's protected rainforest area. The Amazon represents over half of the planet's remaining rainforests, and comprises the largest and most biodiverse tract of tropical rainforest in the world, with an estimated 390 billion individual trees in about 16,000 species.

More than 30 million people of 350 different ethnic groups live in the Amazon, which are subdivided into 9 different national political systems and 3,344 formally acknowledged indigenous territories. Indigenous peoples make up 9% of the total population, and 60 of the groups remain largely isolated.
Response: Brazil
Peru
Colombia
Bolivia
Ecuador
French Guiana
Guyana
Suriname
Venezuela
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is profit?
Response: A person or company can sell a product or service, and mark up the cost to the customer over what it costs them to produce.  The amount of money that you can sell something for, over the amount of money it cost to produce and sell that item, is profit.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is used to make the dough of boiled Chinese dumplings?
Response: Wheat is used to make the flour of boiled Chinese dumplings.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What does the Obilic Medal commemorate?
Context: The Obilić Medal (Serbian: Обилића медаља) or Medal for Bravery "Miloš Obilić" was a medal established by Petar II Petrović-Njegoš as the highest military decoration in Montenegro, based on the cult of national hero Miloš Obilić.

The official name of the medal was the Medal for Bravery "Miloš Obilić" but it was known as Obilić Medal.

It was established in 1847 and granted to soldiers for the acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield, prepared for the movement for liberation and revenge of the Kosovo Battle. Another reason for introduction of this medal by Njegoš was his wish to make warfare against the Ottomans more civilized (to replace customary collection and exhibition of body parts of killed Muslim enemies).
Response: The Obilić Medal was established in 1847, and is the highest military decoration granted to soldiers in Montenegro for acts of great personal courage, or for personal courage demonstrated on the battlefield.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the history of triathlon, what is the earliest known triathlon event.
Context: The evolution of triathlon as a distinct sport is difficult to trace with precision. Many, including triathlon historian and author Scott Tinley, consider events in early twentieth century France to be the beginnings of triathlon, with many three element multisport events of differing composition appearing, all called by different names. The earliest record for an event was from 1901 in Joinville-le-Pont, Val-de-Marne: it called itself "Les Trois Sports" (The Three Sports). It was advertised as an event for "the sportsmen of the time" and consisted of a run, a bicycle and a canoe segment. By 19 June 1921, the event in Joinville-le-Pont had become more like a standard triathlon, with the canoe segment being replaced with a swim. According to the newspaper L’Auto, the race consisted of a 3 km (1.9 mi) run, a 12 km (7.5 mi) bike ride and the crossing of the river Marne, all staged consecutively and without a break. Throughout the 1920s other bike, run, and swim events appeared in different cities, such as the “Course des Trois Sports” in Marseille and "La Course des Débrouillards" in Poissy. These multisport events would continue to slowly spread and grow in popularity: by 1934 "Les Trois Sports" was being hosted in the city of La Rochelle, though it consisted of three distinct events, swimming a 200 m (660 ft) channel crossing, a 10 km (6 mi) bike competition around the harbour of La Rochelle and the parc Laleu, and a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) run in the stadium André-Barbeau. Throughout this growth with new events appearing no unified rules ever existed and as a whole triathlon would remain a minority event on the world stage
Response: Triathlon events have evolved of the years, and its origins are not fully known. Triathlon historians have evidenced multisports events dating back to 1901. In this era "Les Trois Sports" did not include the swim as it does in modern day triathlon, but instead included a canoe discipline. As the name suggest, triathlon appears to have first surfaced in the history books in france in the suburbs of paris known as Joinville-le-pont, Val-de-marne.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the components of a passive crossover?
Context: A passive crossover is an electronic circuit that uses a combination of one or more resistors, inductors and capacitors. These components are combined to form a filter network and are most often placed between the full frequency-range power amplifier and the loudspeaker drivers to divide the amplifier's signal into the necessary frequency bands before being delivered to the individual drivers. Passive crossover circuits need no external power beyond the audio signal itself, but have some disadvantages: they may require larger inductors and capacitors due to power handling requirements. Unlike active crossovers which include a built-in amplifier, passive crossovers have an inherent attenuation within the passband, typically leading to a reduction in damping factor before the voice coil
Response: A passive crossover is a loudspeaker circuit comprised of resistors, inductors, and capacitors.
Category: summarization
Instruction: How long is the Georgia State Route 49
Context: State Route 49 (SR 49) is a 122.8-mile-long (197.6 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell, Sumter, Macon, Peach, Houston, Bibb, Jones, and Baldwin counties, mainly in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects SR 45 north of Dawson to SR 22/SR 24 in Milledgeville.

The segment from Fort Valley to Byron is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a highway that connects Columbia to Augusta. It may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), which is currently entirely in Central Texas, and may be extended into Augusta.
Response: The Georgia State Route 49 (SR 49) is a 122.8-mile-long (197.6 km) state highway that travels southwest-to-northeast through portions of Terrell, Sumter, Macon, Peach, Houston, Bibb, Jones, and Baldwin counties, mainly in the central part of the U.S. state of Georgia. The highway connects SR 45 north of Dawson to SR 22/SR 24 in Milledgeville.

The segment from Fort Valley to Byron is part of the Fall Line Freeway, a highway that connects Columbia to Augusta. It may also be incorporated into the proposed eastern extension of Interstate 14 (I-14), which is currently entirely in Central Texas, and may be extended into Augusta.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Acyl-CoA?
Response: Acyl-CoA is a group of coenzymes that metabolize fatty acids. Acyl-CoA's are susceptible to beta oxidation, forming, ultimately, acetyl-CoA. The acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, eventually forming several equivalents of ATP. In this way, fats are converted to ATP, the universal biochemical energy carrier.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What attractions should I visit whilst in London?
Response: There are lots of things to do and see in London.  A number of the large museums are free and well worth a visit. You could visit the Natural History Museum, the British Museum, the Science Museum as well as the Victoria and Albert Museum. Additionally, you can also visit a number of the art galleries for free, such as the National Gallery, Tate Modern and Tate Britain. London is a great city to explore on foot too and you can walk along the South Bank of the river Thames. It's possible to take a boat along the river to see the Tower of London and Westminster Abbey from the river as well as on foot.  A walk through St James' Park to view Buckingham Palace from the outside is also worth while. There are various paid attractions you can also visit such as the London Eye, Madame Tussauds, Westminster Abbey, the Tower of London and Buckingham Palace.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where did Jackson move to become an actor?
Context: In Seattle, Jackson worked as an ad executive at a magazine and did some theater work on the side, earning his Equity card. "As soon as I found out what theater was, what Broadway was, I thought, 'Oh, that's what I'll do with my life.' Just a matter of getting all the pieces in place", he said. Inspired to rethink his career after the September 11 attacks, he moved to New York City to pursue his dream of being an actor: "[Acting] was something I always wanted to do but I was too scared and didn't have the confidence. 9/11 changed everything for all of us. It gave me the urgency."
Response: New York City
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest quarterback of all time?
Response: Tom Brady is widely considered to be the greatest NFL quarterback of all time. He holds the all-time records for Passing Yards, Passing Touchdowns, Completions. 

Brady also has a record 7 Super Bowl championships, 3 more than any other quarterback and a record unlikely to be broken. He won 6 of these with the New England Patriots, with whom he spent the first 20 years of career. 

After early-career comparisons to his contemporary rival Peyton Manning, and mid-career comparisons to another all-time great Joe Montana, Brady ended his career as the indisputable Greatest of All Time (GOAT) by playing at an extremely high level for multiple decades.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of Aaron Fenster's accomplishments.
Context: Aaron Fenster is a medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute in London, Ontario, Canada. He was named a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2013 for his contributions to medical imaging and three-dimensional ultrasound-guided interventions. He is also a fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences and co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. He holds Ph.D. from the University of Toronto and received further training at the Ontario Cancer Institute.
Response: "- Medical physicist at the University of Western Ontario Robarts Research Institute.
- Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).
- Fellow of the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences. 
- Co-program director of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research Imaging Program. 
- Completed a Ph.D. from the University of Toronto."
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Remote Sensing?
Response: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object, in contrast to in situ or on-site observation. The term is applied especially to acquiring information about Earth and other planets. Remote sensing is used in numerous fields, including geophysics, geography, land surveying and most Earth science disciplines (e.g. exploration geophysics, hydrology, ecology, meteorology, oceanography, glaciology, geology); it also has military, intelligence, commercial, economic, planning, and humanitarian applications, among others.

In current usage, the term remote sensing generally refers to the use of satellite- or aircraft-based sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth. It includes the surface and the atmosphere and oceans, based on propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation). It may be split into "active" remote sensing (when a signal is emitted by a satellite or aircraft to the object and its reflection detected by the sensor) and "passive" remote sensing (when the reflection of sunlight is detected by the sensor).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the TSA church?
Context: The Salvation Army (TSA) is a Protestant Christian church and an international charitable organization headquartered in London, England that is aligned with the Wesleyan-Holiness movement. The organisation reports a worldwide membership of over 1.7 million, comprising soldiers, officers and adherents collectively known as Salvationists. Its founders sought to bring salvation to the poor, destitute, and hungry by meeting both their "physical and spiritual needs". It is present in 133 countries, running charity shops, operating shelters for the homeless and disaster relief, and humanitarian aid to developing countries.
Response: The TSA church typically stands for The Salvation Army (TSA) and it is a Protestant Christian church, as well as an international charitable organization with head quarters in England.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who were the Sumerians?
Response: The Sumerian culture (3000-2350 BC) is regarded as humanity's first urban civilization. It originated in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, and is related to Neolithic cultures, particularly the Uruk culture. They invented the wheel and writing, had a division of labor-based organization, and were incredible builders. Their Sumerian language is unrelated to any other known language. Sumerian is a cuneiform language, with ideograms, symbols, and abstract forms representing ideas rather than specific words or sounds.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Makuta, Tricordia
Response: Tricordia is string, Makuta is percussion.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Name reasons why it is important for young girls to play sports.
Response: Playing sports and participating in physical activity is incredibly important for young women and girls for a variety of reasons. Studies show that girls who play sports have higher levels of confidence and are less likely to be depressed. In addition, sports teach girls how to be resilient and persevere in the face of challenges. They instill important skills like teamwork and how to reach a common goal together. In addition to mental health, there are scientifically proven physical health benefits like fewer chronic illnesses, reduced obesity, stronger bones and improved heart health. Another interesting fact is that women who played sports are more likely to be in executive positions in their careers than those that did not. Clearly there are a ton of benefits to young girls playing sports and we need to do more to encourage these athletes and financially support women's sports in general!
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do people collaborate in a hybrid work environment?
Response: People collaborate in a hybrid work environment by using tools that enable asynchronous communication such as email, instant messaging software, and cloud storage. People that operate in different time zones and schedules can work together on the same project through asynchronous communication. In a hybrid work environment, virtual communication tools such as video conferencing are also integral. Virtual communication tools allow people to communicate information without having to be in the same physical location.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Allosaurus, Amur Leopard
Response: Allosaurus is extinct, Amur Leopard is alive.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which was the first satellite launched by China?
Response: Dongfanghong-1 was the first satellite launched by China
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do you think humans need pets?
Response: Humans need pets because they can provide companionship. Owning a pet means the owner must have a sense of responsibility. They need to take care of their pets every day. This has a benefit for mental health,  as the owner must take some time off from other focuses, such as work.  Pets also provide emotional support.  They can help owner calm down when they are feeling down.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the largest state in the United States?
Response: Alaska is the largest state in the United States, trailed by Texas in second place. Alaska has 665,400 square miles of land whereas Texas has 268,597 square miles of land. If Alaska were to be cut in half, Texas would be the third largest state.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Arctotherium, Eastern Lowland Gorilla
Response: Eastern Lowland Gorilla is alive, Arctotherium is extinct.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What towns make up Cape Ann?
Response: Cape Ann is a rocky peninsula in northeastern Massachusetts on the Atlantic Ocean. It is about 30 miles (48 km) northeast of Boston and marks the northern limit of Massachusetts Bay. Cape Ann includes the city of Gloucester and the towns of Essex, Manchester-by-the-Sea and Rockport.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Let me know some different ways that someone can get healthier.
Response: Healthy habits are incremental, so making small changes every day can make a difference over time. Some ideas in which to be healthier include drinking more water each day, as most people do not consume enough water. You could also try to increase your activity and maybe schedule 30 minutes of cardiovascular exercise each day. Try to eat more whole-foods that include fruit and vegetables and avoid processed foods and of course, at least 7 hours of sleep each night is important for full recovery.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who won the MLB World Series in 2020?
Response: Los Angeles Dodgers
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a sight-reading contest?
Response: In musical education, sight-reading is the ability to perform a newly-encountered musical composition within just a few minutes. Music students typically enter a rehearsal room with their assigned instruments, sit down, and are given a just a few moments to learn a new piece. Oftentimes, directors are allowed to walk them quickly through the composition, perhaps clapping or singing, but the students are not allowed to practice the piece or mark up the musical notation. The ensemble that delivers the best performance (according to the contest's judges) in the given amount of time will win the contest.
Category: classification
Instruction: Who is the antagonist on The X-Files?
Response: There are many antagonists on The X-Files, but the most long-running individual antagonist is The Cigarette Smoking Man (CSM) also known as C.G.B. Spender. He was primarily responsible for orchestrating conspiracies. He was a member of "The Syndicate," which was a mysterious shadow government group that covered up the existence of extraterrestrial life.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Timpani, Maguhu
Response: Maguhu is string, Timpani is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a violin and a viola?
Response: The viola is a string instrument that is bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. It is slightly larger than a violin and it has a lower and deeper sound.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Give a bullet point list of all the names mentioned in this included paragraph.
Context: When Mohammad inherited the newly born sultanate from his father Alauddin, the land was still infested with thieves and robbers. As such he spent the entire part of his reign in establishing law in his land. He ordered his governors to never give refuge to anyone who defied his authority. This campaign was successful and at the end of his reign,the land became peaceful and law abiding. He also sat on the takht-ē-firoza or The Turquoise throne which was gifted to him by Kapaya Nayaka.
Response: - Mohammad
- Alauddin
- Kapaya Nayaka
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Inflation means that the general level of prices is going up, the opposite of deflation. More money will be needed to pay for goods (like a loaf of bread) and services (like getting a haircut at the hairdresser's).
Response: Inflation means that the general level of prices is going up, the opposite of deflation. More money will be needed to pay for goods (like a loaf of bread) and services (like getting a haircut at the hairdresser's). Economists measure inflation regularly to know an economy's state. Inflation changes the ratio of money towards goods or services; more money is needed to get the same amount of a good or service, or the same amount of money will get a lower amount of a good or service.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Have any Defensive players won the Heisman Trophy?
Response: Charles Woodson is the only Heisman Trophy Winner who was primarily a defensive player.