fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about pyramids , when was the first pyramid built?
Context: The Egyptian pyramids are ancient masonry structures located in Egypt. Sources cite at least 118 identified "Egyptian" pyramids. Approximately 80 pyramids were built within the Kingdom of Kush, now located in the modern country of Sudan. Of those located in modern Egypt, most were built as tombs for the country's pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kingdom periods.

The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara, northwest of Memphis, although at least one step-pyramid-like structure has been found at Saqqara, dating to the First Dynasty: Mastaba 3808, which has been attributed to the reign of Pharaoh Anedjib, with inscriptions, and other archaeological remains of the period, suggesting there may have been others. The otherwise earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser built c. 2630–2610 BCE during the Third Dynasty. This pyramid and its surrounding complex are generally considered to be the world's oldest monumental structures constructed of dressed masonry.

The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of Cairo. Several of the Giza pyramids are counted among the largest structures ever built. The Pyramid of Khufu is the largest Egyptian pyramid. It is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World still in existence, despite its being the oldest wonder by about 2,000 years.
Response: 2630–2610 BCE
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is Ireland a good surf spot?
Response: Yes it is. Ireland is seen as one of the best hidden gems for surfing in the world particularly in winter when waves can reach heights of 40ft+. Global professionals such as Kelly Slater, Mick Fanning and Stephanie Gilmore travel to Ireland on a regular basis for the surf. Some recommended areas for surfing are, Sligo Tramore Beach, Bundoran, Dunfanaghy or most West Coast beaches that attract a larger swell. The water is cold 365 days of the year with highest temperatures of 14 degrees Celsius in the Summer so a 5ml thick wetsuit is recommend all year round.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Provide me with popular girl names.
Response: Popular girl names include Olivia, Emma, Charlotte, Amelia, Ava, and Sophia.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Which companies have the Paypal Mafia founded?
Context: The "PayPal Mafia" is a group of former PayPal employees and founders who have since founded and/or developed additional technology companies such as Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer. Most of the members attended Stanford University or University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign at some point in their studies.
Response: Tesla, Inc., LinkedIn, Palantir Technologies, SpaceX, Affirm, Slide, Kiva, YouTube, Yelp, and Yammer
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write an email to a landlord asking to replace a kitchen sink
Response: Hi Landlord,

Hope this finds you well. We’ve been thinking about upgrading the kitchen sink (https://www.costco.com/.product.100689380.html). If we were to buy this, would you have a guy who could install it? And depending on the cost we could split the difference?

Let me know if that’s something you’re open to!

Best,

Will
Category: classification
Instruction: I've started doing individual training to get fit and now I'd like to learn a team sport, which of these are team sports? hockey, yoga, baseball, basketball, netball, running, handball, weightlifting, and ballet.
Response: Hockey, baseball, basketball, netball, handball are all team sports
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Help me plan a trip to Nova Scotia
Response: Day 1:
- Start the day with a walking tour of Old Town (2 miles / 3.2 km)
- Visit the National Museum (1 mile / 1.6 km)
- Attend a performance at the National Theater (1 mile / 1.6 km)

Day 2:
- Take a day trip to a nearby national park for hiking and wildlife viewing (60 miles / 96.5 km)
- Return to the city for dinner and drinks in the evening

Day 3:
- Visit the iconic city palace and gardens (2.5 miles / 4 km)
- Explore local markets and street food vendors (1 mile / 1.6 km)

Day 4:
- Take a scenic drive to a nearby coastal city (80 miles / 128.7 km)
- Spend the day at the beach and exploring the city's sights and cuisine

Day 5:
- Boat tour of the city's waterways (7 miles / 11.2 km)
- Visit a traditional fishing village and have a seafood lunch (15 miles / 24.1 km)

Day 6:
- Take a day trip to a nearby hill station for hiking and nature walks (40 miles / 64.4 km)
- Stop at a tea plantation for a tour and tasting (20 miles / 32.2 km)

Day 7:
- Visit a nearby UNESCO World Heritage site (50 miles / 80.5 km)
- Enjoy a cultural performance and local meal in the evening

Day 8:
- Take a leisurely bike ride along a scenic route (10 miles / 16.1 km)
- Visit a local winery for a tasting and tour (5 miles / 8 km)

Day 9:
- Visit a local art museum (2 miles / 3.2 km)
- Take a cooking class and learn to make some local dishes

Day 10:
- Spend the day exploring the city at your own pace, shopping for souvenirs, and enjoying local cuisine before departing in the evening.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Based on this passage, how many siblings did Hearst have?
Context: Hearst was born near present-day Sullivan, Missouri, to William G. Hearst and Elizabeth Collins, who were of Scots-Irish ancestry. Hearst, one of three children — two boys and a girl – was raised in a log cabin on his family's farm in rural Franklin County. His father operated three small farms, all of which were mortgaged. William Hearst sold his products in his own local general store. George Hearst grew up before public education was widely available in Missouri, meaning his elementary education was inconsistent and fragmented. Becoming interested in mining, Hearst supplemented the gaps in his formal education by observing the local mines, reading information about minerals from books owned by his family doctor, Silas Reed, and mining in his free time.
Response: Hearst had one brother and one sister.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Will AI destroy the world ?
Response: It’s very unlikely that A.I. even a self aware super intelligence will want to destroy the world. These traditionally human traits are to be fearful of the unknown and perceive it as a threat. A.I. will not compete with human society for resources, money or  land.  A.I. will likely continue to be an Human companion, to support our lives in every way possible.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How does water feel?
Response: Water is typically a fluid at room temperature, as a fluid it feels wet.  As a solid, its ice, which feels hard.  As a gas, its vapor, which feels like a cool mist.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the trias politica?
Response: The trias politica is the typical separation of powers in a government - the legislative power, the executive power and the judiciary power. These powers should be independent of each other, with each performing a different function, keeping each other in check. The legislative power drafts laws and regulations that govern the society. The executive power ensures these laws and regulations are upheld in society, while the judiciary power checks the performance of the executive power in upholding those laws and regulations.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between mean, mode, and median?
Response: Mean, mode, and median are different types of averages. The mode is the most commonly occuring element in a sample. The median is the element occuring at the 50th percentile, or halfway through an ordered sample, and is therefore resistant to outliers. Mean is found by summing all of the values in a sample and dividing that total by the count of the items in the sample. Mean is perhaps the most common colloquial meaning of the word "average", but is less resistant to outliers than both mode and median.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which dragon in Game of Thrones was reanimated as a wight?
Response: Viserion
Category: classification
Instruction: Is wolf a domestic or a wild animal?
Response: Generally speaking, wolves are regarded as wild animals. While there are cases where wolves have been domesticated, they're not the same as dogs as pets.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either elements or minerals: oxygen, cobalt, phosphorus, nitrogen, graphite, quartz, carbon, and clay.
Response: Oxygen, cobalt, nitrogen, and carbon are elements. Phosphorus, graphite, quartz, and clay are minerals.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is proteomics?
Response: Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins. Proteins are vital parts of living organisms, with many functions such as the formation of structural fibers of muscle tissue, enzymatic digestion of food, or synthesis and replication of DNA. In addition, other kinds of proteins include antibodies that protect an organism from infection, and hormones that send important signals throughout the body.

The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or modified by an organism or system. Proteomics enables the identification of ever-increasing numbers of proteins. This varies with time and distinct requirements, or stresses, that a cell or organism undergoes.

Proteomics is an interdisciplinary domain that has benefited greatly from the genetic information of various genome projects, including the Human Genome Project. It covers the exploration of proteomes from the overall level of protein composition, structure, and activity, and is an important component of functional genomics.

Proteomics generally denotes the large-scale experimental analysis of proteins and proteomes, but often refers specifically to protein purification and mass spectrometry. Indeed, mass spectrometry is the most powerful method for analysis of proteomes, both in large samples composed of millions of cells and in single cells.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who coined the term lipstick index and what does it indicate?
Context: The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession. Lauder made the claim that lipstick sales could be an economic indicator, in that purchases of cosmetics – lipstick in particular – tend to be inversely correlated to economic health. The speculation was that women substitute lipstick for more expensive purchases like dresses and shoes in times of economic distress.
Lauder identified the Lipstick index as sales across the Estee Lauder family of brands. Subsequent recessions, including the late-2000s recession, provided controverting evidence to Lauder's claims, as sales have actually fallen with reduced economic activity. Conversely, lipstick sales have experienced growth during periods of increased economic activity. As a result, the lipstick index has been discredited as an economic indicator. The increased sales of cosmetics in 2001 has since been attributed to increased interest in celebrity-designed cosmetics brands.
In the 2010s, many media outlets reported that with the rise of nail art as fad in the English-speaking countries and as far afield as Japan and the Philippines, nailpolish had replaced lipstick as the main affordable indulgence for women in place of bags and shoes during recession, leading to talk of a nail polish index.Similar sentiment was noted during the coronavirus pandemic, when the mandated use of face masks to prevent the spread of the disease resulted in an increase of eye makeup purchases, suggesting a Mascara index
Response: The lipstick index is a term coined by Leonard Lauder, chairman of the board of Estee Lauder, used to describe increased sales of cosmetics during the early 2000s recession.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: ways to generate electricity
Response: Use solar panel to harvest solar energy
use a dynamo and mechanical force such as animal.
Use wind tubine to harvest wind energy
Use salt water to create a battery
use steam to power turbine
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the top 10 types of clouds
Response: Cumulus, Stratus, Stratocumulus, Cirrus, Cirrocumulus, Cirrostratus, Cumulonimbus, Altocumulus, Nimbostratus, Altostratus,
Category: classification
Instruction: How many planets orbit the sun?
Response: For many years astronomers stated that there were 9 planets that orbited the Sun. In 2006 the 9th planet and furthest from the Sun, Pluto, was demoted from a planet to a dwarf planet. Technically there are now 8 planets and 1 dwarf planet that orbit the Sun.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who were the Grateful Dead?
Response: The Grateful Dead were a band founded in 1965 in the Bay Area.  Their original members include Jerry Garcia, Bob Weir, Phil Lesh, Ron (Pigpen) McKernan and Bill Kreutzman.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Should I use microservices for my project? How many microservices should I have?
Response: Every microservice you add increases the testing and deployment complexity for your project. However there are a few reasons you would want to split off separate microservices:
1. the scaling requirements are different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be deployed to 100 servers and other parts just to 5 servers).
2. the deployment model is different (e.g., maybe part of your code needs to be sharded by customer id, and other parts not sharded)
3. they are logically different parts of the code or of the company and they can benefit from moving independently for each other.

So split off as many microservices as required by the rules above, but don't split off too many.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether each of these ski resorts are in Colorado or California: Big Bear, Mammoth, North Star, Vail, Aspen, Telluride
Response: Big Bear: California
Mammoth: California
North Star: California
Vail: Colorado
Aspen: Colorado
Telluride: Colorado
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either round or square shaped: a planet, a a ball, a slice of bread, a chess board.
Response: Planets are round.
Balls are round.
A slice of bread is square shaped.
A chess board is square shaped.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: I am thinking of going to yoga. What type of class is good for me?
Response: It depends upon many factors.  If you are a beginner there are low heat classes like yin or hatha or restore.  If you would like a good workout, you can go to a high heat vinyasa class.
Category: classification
Instruction: Choose the word which is different from the rest:  Trigger, Muzzle, Pallete, Barrel, Bullet
Response: All except Pallete are parts of a gun
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What time of year does school normally start in the United States?
Response: School normally starts in early Fall, in either August or September
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: According to this passage, what percent of the lithography machine market do Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems have in aggregate?
Context: ASML produces the photolithography machines used in the production of computer chips. In these machines, patterns are optically imaged onto a silicon wafer that is covered with a film of light-sensitive material (photoresist). This procedure is repeated dozens of times on a single wafer. The photoresist is then further processed to create the actual electronic circuits on the silicon. The optical imaging that ASML's machines deal with is used in the fabrication of nearly all integrated circuits and, as of 2011, ASML had 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines.

ASML's competition consisted of Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems.[citation needed]
Response: If ASML has 67 percent of the worldwide sales of lithography machines and if Ultratech, Canon and Nikon, MKS Instruments, Lam Research and Cadence Design Systems represent their sole competition, than these companies must share the remaining 33 percent of the market.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the primary advantage of a hydrogen fuel cell powered vehicle?
Response: No tailpipe emissions, emit only water vapour and warm air, fastest charging technology, Refilling of hydrogen very fast, Environment friendly
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the American president for the majority of WWII?
Response: FDR was the American president for most of the second World War
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.
Response: Dear diary, you have been a faithful companion to me, all this while, the only true friend I have. Or, may, I say, the only witness to my thoughts - because there is no one else. Yes, I am the only person around in this world. Does this make me happy or sad, you ask? I am conflicted, to be honest. As an introvert, I always wanted solitude and peace. The ability to be myself, to not just think my own thoughts but act like no one was watching. And yet, now, when I really can do this (believe me, no one is watching me, or even the security tapes!), I long for a voice to hear and for someone to talk back to me, see me act stupid or act out my weirdest thoughts, and in general just listen to me. But, there is no one. And this scares me, as well. Why am I writing this down, when I rarely, if ever, read you back? It is, probably, with a hidden hope that someone some day will read it and understand my thoughts and ideas without judgement. If no one ever will read it, because there is no human left on planet Earth, why am I writing this even? I always read (and scoffed at) the books telling me "Man is a social animal" - I felt they did not refer or apply to me me. And now, dear friend, I have realised a little too late in life that it wasn't the books that did not recognise me. Rather, it was I who didn't understand myself. Farewell and adieu!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How often do Germans vote?
Response: Federal elections in Germany are held every four years. Germans also vote in the European election, which is conducted every five years. Furthermore, state elections are typically held every five years, but the dates are staggered between different states. Finally, referendums might occur irregularly. The voter turnout varies; an individual voter might not participate in an election.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What book was the musical Hamilton based on?
Context: Hamilton is a sung-and-rapped-through musical with music, lyrics, and a book by Lin-Manuel Miranda, based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow. The musical tells the story of American Founding Father Alexander Hamilton. Composed over a seven-year period from 2008 to 2015, Miranda says Hamilton was originally a hip hop concept album in his head. The show draws heavily from hip hop, as well as R&B, pop, soul, and traditional-style show tunes. It casts non-white actors as the Founding Fathers of the United States and other historical figures. Miranda described Hamilton as about "America then, as told by America now."
Response: Hamilton, the musical was based on the 2004 book Alexander Hamilton by Ron Chernow.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the oldest manufacturer of cymbals?
Response: Turkish company, Zildjian, was founded in 1623 in then-Ottoman Empire. It is best known for its cymbals.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who built the Eiffel Tower
Context: The Eiffel Tower (/ˈaɪfəl/ EYE-fəl; French: tour Eiffel [tuʁ ɛfɛl] (listen)) is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world. The tower received 5,889,000 visitors in 2022, up by 197 percent from 2021, when numbers dropped due to the COVID virus. The Eiffel Tower is the most visited monument with an entrance fee in the world:[citation needed] 6.91 million people ascended it in 2015. It was designated a monument historique in 1964, and was named part of a UNESCO World Heritage Site ("Paris, Banks of the Seine") in 1991.
Response: The Eiffel Tower is a wrought-iron lattice tower on the Champ de Mars in Paris, France. It is named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel, whose company designed and built the tower. An important designer was the Swiss Maurice Koechlin.

Locally nicknamed "La dame de fer" (French for "Iron Lady"), it was constructed from 1887 to 1889 as the centerpiece of the 1889 World's Fair. Although initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, it has since become a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognisable structures in the world.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Tiger Woods, tell me when they were born, what their real first name is, and what profession his niece has.
Context: Woods was born on December 30, 1975, in Cypress, California, to Earl and Kultida "Tida" Woods. He is their only child, though he has two half-brothers and a half-sister from his father's first marriage. Earl was a retired U.S. Army officer and Vietnam War veteran; he was born to African-American parents and was also said to have had European, Native American, and possibly Chinese ancestry. Kultida (née Punsawad) is originally from Thailand, where Earl met her when he was on a tour of duty there in 1968. She is of mixed Thai, Chinese, and Dutch ancestry. In 2002, ESPN claimed: "For the record, he is one-quarter Thai, one-quarter Chinese, one-quarter Caucasian, one-eighth African American and one-eighth Native American." Tiger has described his ethnic make-up as "Cablinasian" (a syllabic abbreviation he coined from Caucasian, Black, American Indian, and Asian).

Woods's first name, Eldrick, was chosen by his mother because it began with "E" (for Earl) and ended with "K" (for Kultida). His middle name Tont is a traditional Thai name. He was nicknamed Tiger in honor of his father's friend, South Vietnamese Colonel Vuong Dang Phong, who had also been known as Tiger.

Woods has a niece, Cheyenne Woods, who played for the Wake Forest University golf team and turned professional in 2012 when she made her pro debut in the LPGA Championship.[
Response: Tiger Woods was borh on December 30, 1975. His real first name is "Eldrick". His niece, Cheyenne Woods, is a professional golfer.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When was IGFBP3 first characterized?
Context: Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene. IGFBP-3 is one of six IGF binding proteins (IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-6) that have highly conserved structures and bind the insulin-like growth factors IGF-1 and IGF-2 with high affinity. IGFBP-7, sometimes included in this family, shares neither the conserved structural features nor the high IGF affinity. Instead, IGFBP-7 binds IGF1R, which blocks IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding, resulting in apoptosis. 

Function
IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986. It has well-documented functions in the circulation, in the extracellular environment, and inside cells. It is the main IGF transport protein in the bloodstream, where it carries the growth factors predominantly in stable complexes that contain the binding protein, either IGF-1 or IGF-2, and a third protein called the acid-labile subunit or ALS.
Response: The Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 or IGFBP-3 was first isolated, characterized, and quantitated in human plasma, in 1986.
Category: classification
Instruction: On a backcountry backpacking trip where we expect to cross waterways, categorize each of the following as either 'useful', 'not useful', 'dangerous' or 'neither'.  A chinchilla, a compass, granola, dry bag, seventeen oars, thermite, ten tons of uranium ore.
Response: Useful
compass
granola
dry bag
seventeen oars

Not Useful

Dangerous
chinchilla
thermite
ten tons of uranium ore

None
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is a topographical unique feature of the area around Austin Texas.
Context: As of 2021, Austin had an estimated population of 964,177, up from 961,855 at the 2020 census. The city is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan statistical area, which had an estimated population of 2,295,303 as of July 1, 2020, a roughly 84% increase from the year 2000. Located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.
Response: Austin is located in Central Texas within the greater Texas Hill Country, it is home to numerous lakes, rivers, and waterways, including Lady Bird Lake and Lake Travis on the Colorado River, Barton Springs, McKinney Falls, and Lake Walter E. Long.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Tell me all the different ways I could eat an orange.
Response: You could slice it in circles. You could cut it into cubes and add it to a fruit salad. You could juice it. You could rip it apart with your hands and eat with your teeth while showering. You could peel it first and eat segment by segment.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think up some openings for beginners to the game of Chess
Response: Chess openings are the most important part of the game, there are some advanced ones, some common ones, and some easy ones. This is a list of openings for beginners to the game:
- The King's Pawn Opening: This is a very common opening, you move your king's pawn 2 spaces forward, so does the opponent. This is followed by developing your knights. 
- The Fianchetto defense. You move your kingside knight's pawn forward 1 space, then you develop the kingside knight. You then put your kingside bishop in the square that the pawn used to be in, followed by castling. This opening is common among lower ranked players.
- Four Knights Game: This doesn’t happen too much. Both sides start by developing their knights, the pawns take it over from there.
- The French Defense: You move your king's pawn 1 space forward, followed by developing all of your kingside pieces, and finishing by castling.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are a few words that can be used to describe running?
Response: You can use words like jog, fast, slow, trot, sprint, race, hurry, skip, dash, fly rush, to describe or replace run.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is interesting about the play Polish Bethlehem?
Context: Lucjan Rydel, also known as Lucjan Antoni Feliks Rydel (17 May 1870 in Kraków – 8 April 1918 in Bronowice Małe), was a Polish playwright and poet from the Young Poland movement.

Life
Rydel was the son of Lucjan Rydel, a surgeon, ophthalmologist, professor and Rector of Jagiellonian University in Kraków, and of Helena Kremer.

In 1904, Rydel wrote a nativity play, Polish Bethlehem (Betlejem polskie), and staged its production in two suburbs of Kraków, Tonie and Bronowice, with local villagers as actors. It was an expression of his profound respect for rural Poland as well as the result of his flair for theatrical experimentation. Rydel left the third and the final act of his play open. In the course of history, new characters, including contemporary Polish politicians and celebrities, were added to it by various producers to make the play appeal to new audiences.
Response: The play Polish Bethlehem, written in 1904, has the third act open to future additions, enabling future producers to add new characters to the play to update it for contemporary times.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Were cars used for transportation in the 19th century in King Field?
Context: King Field (alternately, Kingfield) is a neighborhood in the Southwest community in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Its boundaries are 36th Street to the north, Interstate 35W to the east, 46th Street to the south, and Lyndale Avenue to the west. King Field, within the King Field neighborhood is a park named after Martin Luther King Jr.

This was farm country in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Transportation was by horse and buggy. Fewer than 20 farms had been established by 1874. C.C. Garvey owned a dairy farm near 44th Street and Grand Ave. George Bichnell farmed 18 acres (73,000 m2) of land from Lyndale to Pleasant, 42nd to 43rd Streets. Hiram Van Nest farmed 28 acres (110,000 m2) of land from 40th to 42nd, Pleasant to Lyndale. The Farmsworth farm occupied 57 acres (230,000 m2) south of 47th Street and East of Nicollet.
Response: No, transportation was by horse and buggy
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Reptil, Beast Boy
Response: Beast Boy is DC, Reptil is Marvel
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please give me a list of the countries in which Gabribaldi fought according to the text
Context: Giuseppe Maria Garibaldi was an Italian general, patriot, revolutionary and republican. He contributed to Italian unification and the creation of the Kingdom of Italy. He is considered one of the greatest generals of modern times and one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland", along with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini. Garibaldi is also known as the "Hero of the Two Worlds" because of his military enterprises in South America and Europe.

Garibaldi was a follower of the Italian nationalist Mazzini and embraced the republican nationalism of the Young Italy movement. He became a supporter of Italian unification under a democratic republican government. However, breaking with Mazzini, he pragmatically allied himself with the monarchist Cavour and Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia in the struggle for independence, subordinating his republican ideals to his nationalist ones until Italy was unified. After participating in an uprising in Piedmont, he was sentenced to death, but escaped and sailed to South America, where he spent 14 years in exile, during which he took part in several wars and learned the art of guerrilla warfare. In 1835 he joined the rebels known as the Ragamuffins (farrapos), in the Ragamuffin War in Brazil, and took up their cause of establishing the Riograndense Republic and later the Catarinense Republic. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan Civil War, raising an Italian force known as Redshirts, and is still celebrated as an important contributor to Uruguay's reconstitution.
Response: Italy, Brazil, Uruguay
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about magnesium, what is the element symbol of magnesium?
Context: Magnesium is a chemical element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. It is a shiny gray metal having a low density, low melting point and high chemical reactivity. Like the other alkaline earth metals (group 2 of the periodic table) it occurs naturally only in combination with other elements and it almost always has an oxidation state of +2. It reacts readily with air to form a thin passivation coating of magnesium oxide that inhibits further corrosion of the metal. The free metal burns with a brilliant-white light. The metal is obtained mainly by electrolysis of magnesium salts obtained from brine. It is less dense than aluminium and is used primarily as a component in strong and lightweight alloys that contain aluminium.
Response: Mg is the element symbol of magnesium.
Category: classification
Instruction: If I was trying to build a garden shed, categorise each of the following as either "useful" or "not useful". A banana,  a hammer, nails, screws, personal protective equipment, an assistant, wood, kitchen knife, spoon, ice, magnifying glass
Response: The following items would be "useful" to help you build a garden shed: 

A hammer
Nails
Screws
Personal Protective Equipment 
An assistant 
Wood 

The following items are "not useful" to help you build a garden shed: 

Banana
Kitchen knife 
Spoon
Ice 
Magnifying glass
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please explain how a perpetrator's state of mind is relevant to guilt in committing a crime
Context: In jurisprudence, animus nocendi (from Latin animus 'mind', and noceo 'to harm') is the subjective state of mind of the perpetrator of a crime, with reference to the exact knowledge of illegal content of his behaviour, and of its possible consequences.

In most modern legal systems, the animus nocendi is required as an essential condition to give a penal condemnation.

The animus nocendi is usually demonstrated by the verified presence of these elements:

knowledge of a law that prohibited the discussed action or conduct (unless there exists a systemic obligation, pending on every citizen, that considers that the law has to be known by every adult — in this case the knowledge is presumed a priori; see also Ignorantia juris non excusat);
knowledge of the most likely consequences of his action;

precise intention of breaking the law or of causing the verified effects of the action.
When the author of the crime had no animus nocendi, it is usually considered that the crime still exists, but the author is innocent, unless a responsibility for guilt can be found in his conduct: the typical case of a car accident in which a wrong or even hazardous manoeuvre causes personal injuries to another car driver, is then managed as a crime for the presence of injuries, yet the author will not be prosecuted as the author of the injuries (he did not want to hurt the other driver, thus he had no animus nocendi), but simply as the author of a dangerous conduct that indirectly caused said effects, and would be held responsible at a guilt title.
Response: In most legal systems, it is required to demonstrate that the perpetrator of a crime had intent to harm, also known by the legal term "animus nocendi"(from the Latin animus "mind" and noceo "to harm"). Put plainly, this means having foreknowledge of the illegality of his act and the repercussions of the crime. Intention is important in establishing guilt for a specific crime. A good example is a car accident fatality: the driver responsible would be guilty of causing the accidental death of the victim (manslaughter), but not guilty of murder -- unless it could be established that the driver at fault intended to kill the victim.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the electrolytic detector, when was it replaced and what replaced it?
Context: The electrolytic detector, or liquid barretter, was a type of detector (demodulator) used in early radio receivers. First used by Canadian radio researcher Reginald Fessenden in 1903, it was used until about 1913, after which it was superseded by crystal detectors and vacuum tube detectors such as the Fleming valve and Audion (triode). It was considered very sensitive and reliable compared to other detectors available at the time such as the magnetic detector and the coherer. It was one of the first rectifying detectors, able to receive AM (sound) transmissions. On December 24, 1906, US Naval ships with radio receivers equipped with Fessenden's electrolytic detectors received the first AM radio broadcast from Fessenden's Brant Rock, Massachusetts transmitter, consisting of a program of Christmas music.
Response: The electrolytic detector was replaced around 1913 by crystal and vacuum tube detectors.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: When was Suntory established?
Context: Suntory Holdings Limited (サントリーホールディングス株式会社, Santorī Hōrudingusu Kabushiki-gaisha) (commonly referred to as simply Suntory) is a Japanese multinational brewing and distilling company group. Established in 1899, it is one of the oldest companies in the distribution of alcoholic beverages in Japan, and makes Japanese whisky. Its business has expanded to other fields, and the company now also makes soft drinks and operates sandwich chains. With its 2014 acquisition of Beam, Inc., it has diversified internationally and become the third largest maker of distilled beverages in the world. Suntory is headquartered in Dojimahama 2-chome, Kita-ku, Osaka, Osaka Prefecture. Suntory Beverage & Food Limited (サントリー食品インターナショナル株式会社, Santorī shokuhin
Response: Suntory was established in 1899
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How does an LCD panel work?
Response: LCD stands for liquid crystal display. LCD panels are equipped with a backlight or reflector. Polarizers are used to modulate the light from the backlight for each pixels, and thus producing the image that you see on your screen.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones did Alan Taylor direct?
Response: Alan Taylor directed the first two, eighth, and last episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the most popular sport?
Response: Currently soccer/football is the most popular sport globally to participate in and watch with an estimated 3.5 billion fans. With the low entry cost to play and ability to be played or practiced most anywhere it makes it easy for pretty much anyone to participate.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you play soccer?
Response: A standard soccer team has 11 players. Each team has 1 goalkeeper and 10 field players. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use their hands while on the field and only in the penalty box area. The goal of the game is to move the soccer ball past the opposing team and put the ball into the opposing goal. If a player touches the ball out the sideline, the opposing team gets a thrown in from that spot. If a defending player plays the ball out the backline, the offensive team gets a corner kick. If the offensive player plays the ball out the backline, the defensive team gets a goal kick. Typically the game is played outside on a grass field. A regulation game is 90 minutes with a half time break. One main referee and two sideline referees officiate the game. Players are required to wear shin guards for protection. Outside of the United States the game is commonly known as football.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List the major internet search engines
Response: Bing
Google
Yahoo
DuckDuckGo
Ask.com
AOL
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me the list of fortified wines.
Response: Fortified wines:
- Port
- Madeira
- Marsala
- Sherry
- Vermouth
- Vinsanto
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Explain how sampling bias in Voice Of Customer research could adversely affect a marketing analysis of customers' post-purchase experience with a product.
Response: Recently I bought a TV from Amazon after extensive research and analysis. The TV manufacturer promptly followed up two weeks after the purchase. The post-purchase experience survey had questions like the following: 


·  	Did you buy it from a store/online? 

·  	Are you satisfied with your order? 

·  	Which store did you visit? 

·  	Was the self-assembly instructions easy to follow? 

·  	What other items would you consider purchasing from our brand? 

  
The above questions were too generic from the TV manufacturer, and they missed the mark in identifying me as a persona and my buying criteria. I bought the TV for my basement as a secondary TV, and I picked a TV brand with standard features to be cost-effective. Below are a few sampling biases from the survey 


Buyer’s criteria 

The survey didn’t identify the TV for primary usage. I purchased this as a secondary TV, and my expectations were low, but I’m satisfied with the TV. I wouldn’t have picked this brand if this was my primary TV purchase. This is a classic example of sampling bias where the survey didn’t identify my buying criteria and resulted in skewed results. 

Audience segmentation 

As a millennial, my primary purchase channel is online. I rely heavily on YouTube reviews and blogs for my research. The TV survey aimed at in-store purchases and needed to capture the online experience correctly. This type of sampling bias results in incorrect market analysis.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are some famous classical composers?
Response: Some well known classical composers are Mozart, Bach and Beethoven
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Imagine you are the last person on Earth. Write a diary entry describing your thoughts and feelings.
Response: Dear Diary,
As warned a few days back, all the humans on planet Earth have disappeared. I am now the last person on Earth. There are a lot of positives and, at the same time, many negatives. I now have the freedom to do what I want without anyone being my obstacle. I can live my life according to my wish and do not have to follow the rules and restrictions of society. I can now live the “Hakuna Matata” life without worrying about my future temporarily. Alas! There’s also a negative side to this heaven on Earth. Now that the world's farmers have disappeared, the biodegradable food items would only last for a few days and would start to degrade if not refrigerated. All that would be left would be the canned and packed food items though these foodstuffs would also expire after a few years and eventually start to decompose. Soon the loneliness would also set into the brain. The reason was that man had evolved into a communal organism. Humans are born into an interdependent society where everyone is interdependent in their needs and wants. Without a community, the human race would probably perish. Soon, with no edible food remaining, I may also have to go out hunting for my meals like the early hunter-gatherers or to farm on the farmlands for three meals a day and would also forget about the worldly wants that the human society had created like electronic devices, automobiles, etc.
These devices would be of no use any more as a few months to go, the power reserves would run out of energy, and there would be no energy left to put them to good use.
Finally, I would miss my loved ones, friends, family, etc.
The memories, as I predict, may start to haunt me, and they may also begin to give me nightmares.
Memories would eventually turn to sadness, transforming into depression, but I would learn to live with it. Except for these changes, I don't think any other change will take place in my life.
With this, I end it here.
Yours,
(Name)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the second man to set foot on the moon
Response: Buzz Aldrin. He was also the first person to hold a religious ceremony on the Moon when he privately took communion.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: A farmer is on his way to market. He's going to sell a wolf, a goat, and a cabbage. On the way, he comes to a river crossing. The river is too wide to ford, so he has to take a tiny boat across. The boat is so small that he can take at most one of the three items with him in the boat at a time. Left alone, the wolf would devour the goat, and the goat would devour the cabbage. How can the farmer safely transport all three items across the river?
Response: The wolf and the cabbage can be left together with no risk to either. So the farmer first takes the goat across. He returns to the near side, retrieves the cabbage, then takes it across to the far side. Then he returns to the near side with the goat. At the near side, he leaves the goat and takes the wolf to the far side, leaving the wolf with the cabbage. Finally, he returns to the near side to take the goat across for a second time. Problem solved!
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: If you could change one thing about this world, what would it be and why?
Response: Assuming I could change just one thing in this world, it would be for all of humankind to develop greater empathy and selflessness. I do believe it could be the start of so much good at all levels - it would help nations, societies and people to focus on their own and others' happiness --- and make decisions that focus on the larger good. Many of the troubles ailing us as nations would disappear if we just saw the other side and put ourselves in their shoes. Societies would heal if artificially created differences were done away with. And families and relationships would benefit from a better understanding of the other side's point of view. 

In this utopian world filled with empathy and selflessness, no human would die of hunger, no mother would lose her child due to lack of medical facilities and no human would die of self harm because they were not "normal" or a part of the mainstream.

What saddens me, however, is that this is such an easy thing for everyone to do. If we all just did 1 (or 10) good deed a day, this world would be a better place already. The miracle isn't anywhere else, it is within us.
Category: summarization
Instruction: From this paragraph, what are indicators that Singapore's healthcare system performs well?
Context: Singapore has a generally efficient healthcare system, even though health expenditures are relatively low for developed countries. The World Health Organisation ranks Singapore's healthcare system as 6th overall in the world in its World Health Report. Singapore has had the lowest infant mortality rates in the world for the past two decades. In 2019, Singaporeans had the longest life expectancy of any country at 84.8 years. Women can expect to live an average of 87.6 years with 75.8 years in good health. The averages are lower for men. Singapore is ranked 1st on the Global Food Security Index.
Response: For the last two decades, Singapore has had the world's lowest infant mortality rates. Additionally, in 2019, Singapore had the world's longest life expectancy.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Lizard or Lizardfish
Response: Lizardfish