fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: If the year is 2020, is the Samsung E1200 still in production?
Context: The Samsung E1200 (also known as Samsung Pusha and Samsung Keystone 2) is a mobile phone made by Samsung. This phone was released in 2012 through Tesco in the UK. It was discontinued in 2015 when the Samsung Guru FM E1202 was released as its successor.
Response: No, the phone was discontinued in 2015.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do we have work meetings?
Response: We have work meetings to give status updates on current projects.  These meetings can be virtual or in person.  In-person work meetings are great for building rapport, meeting new people, and building stronger relationships with people you already know.  Staying up to date on what everyone is working and aligning with company vision is how companies stay successful and have a competitive advantage over their competitors.  Regular meetings are the best way to achieve this.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the colors of the sky during a sunset?
Response: The sky is blue, pink and purple during a sunset
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where can you observe the stars?
Response: It's typically best to observe the stars on a dark night far away from ambient light of cities.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: When does tropical cyclone season occur in the Southern Hemisphere?
Context: Summer is traditionally associated with hot or warm weather. In Mediterranean climates, it is also associated with dry weather, while in other places (particularly in Eastern Asia because of the monsoon) it is associated with rainy weather. The wet season is the main period of vegetation growth within the savanna climate regime. Where the wet season is associated with a seasonal shift in the prevailing winds, it is known as a monsoon.
In the northern Atlantic Ocean, a distinct tropical cyclone season occurs from 1 June to 30 November. The statistical peak of the Atlantic hurricane season is 10 September. The Northeast Pacific Ocean has a broader period of activity, but in a similar timeframe to the Atlantic. The Northwest Pacific sees tropical cyclones year-round, with a minimum in February and March and a peak in early September. In the North Indian basin, storms are most common from April to December, with peaks in May and November. In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Thunderstorm season in the United States and Canada runs in the spring through summer but sometimes can run as late as October or even November in the fall. These storms can produce hail, strong winds and tornadoes, usually during the afternoon and evening.
Response: In the Southern Hemisphere, the tropical cyclone season runs from the start of November until the end of April with peaks in mid-February to early March.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an excavator?
Response: An excavator is a heavy equipment machine that is used for moving large amount of earth at one time.  They have a boom and a huge bucket attached to them and are essentially a huge shovel used to prepare the ground for huge construction projects.  John Deere is one company that produces excavators.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on the paragraph about the Korean War, what is the name of the new sovereign state created in the north?
Context: In 1910, Imperial Japan annexed Korea, where it ruled for 35 years until its surrender at the end of World War II on 15 August 1945. The United States and the Soviet Union divided Korea along the 38th parallel into two zones of occupation. The Soviets administered the northern zone and the Americans administered the southern zone. In 1948, as a result of Cold War tensions, the occupation zones became two sovereign states. A socialist state, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, was established in the north under the totalitarian communist leadership of Kim Il-sung, while a capitalist state, the Republic of Korea, was established in the south under the autocratic leadership of Syngman Rhee. Both governments of the two new Korean states claimed to be the sole legitimate government of all of Korea, and neither accepted the border as permanent.
Response: Democratic People's Republic of Korea
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is freedom?
Response: Freedom could mean something different for every person in the world. In this time and place I think of freedom as the ability to make my own decisions.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract from the text the main characteristics of the city of São Paulo. Separate them with a comma.
Context: São Paulo is the most populous city in Brazil, and is the capital of the state of São Paulo, the most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region. Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, São Paulo is the most populous city proper in the Americas, the Western Hemisphere, and the Southern Hemisphere, as well as the world's 4th largest city proper by population. Additionally, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world. It exerts strong international influences in commerce, finance, arts and entertainment. The city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus. The city's metropolitan area, the Greater São Paulo, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth. The process of conurbation between the metropolitan areas around the Greater São Paulo (Campinas, Santos, Jundiaí, Sorocaba and São José dos Campos) created the São Paulo Macrometropolis, a megalopolis with more than 30 million inhabitants, one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world.
Response: most populous city in Brazil, most populous and wealthiest Brazilian state, located in the country's Southeast Region, Listed by the GaWC as an alpha global city, the most populous city proper in the Americas, the world's 4th largest city proper by population, São Paulo is the largest Portuguese-speaking city in the world, city's name honors the Apostle, Saint Paul of Tarsus, ranks as the most populous in Brazil and the 12th most populous on Earth
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are five popular songs by Jack Harlow?
Response: Five popular songs by Jack Harlow are First Class, WHATS POPPIN, Dua Lipa, Tyler Herro, and Churchill Downs.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Hackpad, what company acquired it?
Context: Hackpad was a web-based collaborative real-time text editor forked from Etherpad.

It was used as the company wikis by multiple prominent startups of the 2010s, such as Airbnb, Stripe, and Upworthy.

In April 2014, Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox. In April 2015, it was announced that Hackpad would be released as open source and source code was published on GitHub in August 2015, under the Apache license 2.0. On April 25, 2017, Hackpad announced that it is to shut down on July 19, 2017, permanently migrating to Dropbox Paper.
Response: Hackpad was acquired by Dropbox in April 2014.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why is football called soccer in the US?
Response: It is originally a British name. “Assoccer” (association football) was later shortened to “soccer”. The American football is called rugby football. Later British changes the name to football due to anti-americanism. But in America, football is named as a more popular sports like rugby football. So now it cannot change the name as the world called.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do companies play dividends?
Response: Companies will pay dividends out of their after tax earnings. It's generally done to signal to shareholders that the balance sheet is strong and that growth is expected without the need to reinvest all free cashflow back into the business.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: To acquire Swedish citizenship by naturalisation what should be the minimum age of the applicant and what documents are required.
Context: Swedish citizenship can be acquired by naturalisation, also known as citizenship by application. A foreigner may be granted Swedish citizenship upon meeting certain requirements. Person should be able to prove identity, 18 years of age or older, has a permanent residence permit or
has a right of residence or residence card (applies to EU citizens or close relatives of EU citizens), meets the requirements for habitual residence and has maintained good conduct while in Sweden.
Response: Minimum age should be 18 years and applicant should have permanent residence permit or right of residence.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Provide a dot point list of the last six artists that won a Grammy Award for Best Album. Include the title of the album and the year they won.
Response: Here is a list of the last six artists that won a Grammy Award for Best Album.
- Harry Styles won for the album 'Harry's House' in 2023        
- Jon Batiste won for the album 'We Are' in 2022     
- Taylor Swift won for 'Folklore' in 2021    
- Billie Eilish won for 'When We All Fall Asleep, Where Do We Go?' in 2020       
- Kacey Musgraves won for the album 'Golden Hour' in 2019        
- Bruno Mars won for '24K Magic' in 2018
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are common ways to invest money?
Response: Common ways to invest money include:
1. Holding money in a high yield savings account
2. Buying stocks and bonds
3. Buying commodities (e.g., gold)
4. Buying collectibles (e.g., art work, rare coins, trading cards)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: who is the prime minister of india
Response: Ah, India is an awesome place to be and so are the people, same can be said for the prime minister also.
As of 2023 Mr. Narendra Damodardas Modi is the 14th and current prime minister of India since May 2014. He was born on 17 September 1950.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are metal bands or pop bands: Metallica, Iron Maiden, The Beatles, Coldplay, Slipknot, Slayer, One Direction, ABBA, The Beach Boys, Megadeth, Dream Theater, Machine Head, Queen, The Who, Bee Gees, Lamb Of God, BTS, Anthrax, System of a Down
Response: All of them are great bands! Let me help you understand which of those are metal bands and which are pop bands.

Metal bands:
- Metallica
- Iron Maiden
- Slipknot
- Slayer
- Megadeth
- Dream Theater
- Machine Head
- Lamb Of God
- Anthrax
- System of a Down

Pop bands:
- The Beatles
- Coldplay
- One Direction
- ABBA
- The Beach Boys
- Queen
- The Who
- Bee Gees
- BTS
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions in bulleted form, sorted alphabetically.
Context: The Lions have had several division rivals in their existence. Their oldest rivals are the Chicago Bears and the Green Bay Packers, whom they have faced since 1930. The Minnesota Vikings have been in a division with Detroit ever since their inaugural season in 1961. Another notable longtime division opponent was the Tampa Bay Buccaneers (25 seasons from 1977 to 2001).

The Lions also have a preseason rivalry with the Cleveland Browns, dubbed the Great Lakes Classic. The two teams have been playing for The Barge Trophy since 2002. The Lions and Browns had a solid rivalry in the 1950s, when they met four times for the NFL championship (Detroit won three of the matchups); they have met much less frequently during the regular season since the 1970 AFL–NFL merger due to the Browns' move to the AFC.
Response: Here is a list of rivalries with the Detroit Lions, sorted alphabetically:

* Chicago Bears
* Cleveland Browns
* Green Bay Packers
* Minnesota Vikings
* Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Mini, RAM
Response: RAM is American, Mini is British
Category: summarization
Instruction: Where is Lake Manitou?
Context: Ivry-sur-le-Lac is a village and municipality in the Laurentides region of Quebec, Canada, part of the Les Laurentides Regional County Municipality. The municipality completely encompasses Lake Manitou which is a popular cottage vacation location.

The village of Ivry-sur-le-Lac is located at the head of the north-east bay (Lacasse Bay), and the hamlet of Lac-Manitou-Sud is at the head of the south-east bay of Lake Manitou.
Response: Lake Manitou is in Quebec Canada, in the municipality of Ivry-sur-le-Lac.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: If you could not fill a pool with water, what would you fill it with?
Response: If I could not fill a pool with water, I would fill it with; 1) feathers, 2) bubbles, 3) flour, 4) syrup, 5) sour cream, 6) planted flowers, or 7) rocks.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: which country has the least diverse food?
Response: England is notorious for their food offerings. The best choices you might get are fish and chips and their authentic blood suasage. Most visitors claim that food in UK is tasteless and complains about the limited choices of bakery and desserts.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the job of Army Rangers?
Response: The 75th Ranger Regiment, also known as Army Rangers, is the U.S. Army's premier light infantry unit and special operations force within the United States Army Special Operations Command. The regiment is headquartered at Fort Benning, Georgia and is composed of a regimental headquarters company, a military intelligence battalion, a special troops battalion, and three Ranger battalions.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Oz?
Response: Oz is an American prison drama television series set at a fictional men's prison created and principally written by Tom Fontana. It was the first one-hour dramatic television series to be produced by the premium cable network HBO. Oz premiered on July 12, 1997, and ran for six seasons. The series finale aired on February 23, 2003.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the 13 departments and main communities of France's administrative region of Occitania?
Context: Geography
Occitania is the second-largest region in mainland France, covering an area of 72,724 km2 (28,079 sq mi); it has a population of 5,845,102 (2017). It has a Mediterranean coast on the southeast and is neighboured by Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur on the east, Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes on the northeast and Nouvelle-Aquitaine on the west and northwest, as well as foreign borders of Andorra (Canillo, Encamp, La Massana, Ordino) and Spain (Aragon and Catalonia) on the south.

Departments
Code	Arms 1	Department	Prefecture	Named after	Population (2017)
09	Coat of arms of department 09	Ariège	Foix	Ariège River	153,153
11	Coat of arms of department 11	Aude	Carcassonne	Aude River	370,260
12	Coat of arms of department 12	Aveyron	Rodez	Aveyron River	279,206
30	Coat of arms of department 30	Gard	Nîmes	Gardon River	744,178
31	Coat of arms of department 31	Haute-Garonne	Toulouse	Garonne River	1,362,672
32	Coat of arms of department 32	Gers	Auch	Gers River	191,091
34	Coat of arms of department 34	Hérault	Montpellier	Hérault River	1,144,892
46	Coat of arms of department 46	Lot	Cahors	Lot River	173,828
48	Coat of arms of department 48	Lozère	Mende	Mont Lozère	76,601
65	Coat of arms of department 65	Hautes-Pyrénées	Tarbes	Pyrenees	228,530
66	Coat of arms of department 66	Pyrénées-Orientales	Perpignan	Pyrenees	474,452
81	Coat of arms of department 81	Tarn	Albi	Tarn River	387,890
82	Coat of arms of department 82	Tarn-et-Garonne	Montauban	Tarn River and Garonne River	258,349
Major communities

Toulouse, Occitania's prefecture and largest city

The Pont du Gard from the Roman Era, one of Occitanie's main landmarks and tourist attractions
The largest communes of Occitania are (population as of 2017:

Toulouse (479,553)
Montpellier (285,121)
Nîmes (150,610)
Perpignan (120,158)
Béziers (77,177)
Montauban (60,810)
Narbonne (54,700)
Albi (50,759)
Carcassonne (47,365)
Response: The 13 Departments of Occitania are:
- Ariège
- Aude
- Aveyron
- Gard
- Haute-Garonne
- Gers
- Hérault
- Lot
- Lozère
- Hautes-Pyrénées
- Pyrénées-Orientales
- Tarn
- Tarn-et-Garonne

The main communities located within Occitania are:
- Toulouse (population: 479,553)
- Montpellier (population: 285,121)
- Nîmes (population: 150,610)
- Perpignan (population: 120,158)
- Béziers (population: 77,177)
- Montauban (population: 60,810)
- Narbonne (population: 54,700)
- Albi (population: 50,759)
- Carcassonne (population: 47,365)
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either Mexican food or Vietnamese food: pho, tacos, spring rolls, bun bo hue, burritos, frijoles, banh mi, nachos
Response: Vietnamese food: pho, spring rolls, bun bo hue, banh mi
Mexican food: tacos, burritos, frijoles, nachos
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Can you tell me something interesting about Bald Head Island?
Response: Bald Head Island is a small island located at the mouth of the cape fear river just south of Wilmington, North Carolina. The island is a popular vacation destination. Two unique aspects of the island are that the island is only accessible via ferry from Southport, North Carolina, and that all visitors and residents use electric golf carts to move throughout the island. While the island is a popular tourist destination, there are no resorts on the island.  If you wish to spend your vacation here you can rent one of the many island vacation homes. While on Bald Head Island, make use of the many walking and bike trails and visit one of the quaint restaurants and shops.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Does Delta Lake support multi-table transactions?
Response: Delta Lake does not support multi-table transactions and foreign keys. Delta Lake supports transactions at the table level.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Can you make a list of some cities I could visit in Spain?
Response: Madrid, Sevilla, Barcelona, Segovia, Toledo, Cordoba, Cadiz
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways I could cheer up my friend that just got dumped?
Response: Im sorry your friend recently got dumped.  I would ask them if they want to talk about it, or be distracted from it.  If they want to talk about it, I would find a quiet place and a warm beverage and listen.  If they want to be distracted from it, I would find a local favorite bar or activity that your friend enjoys, and take them there.  Call as many of your joint friends as possible, and provide ample supply of distractions for your friend.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the most dangerous hobbies?
Response: Sky diving, bungie jumping, cliff jumping, open water swimming, race car driving
Category: summarization
Instruction: When did Videotron withdraw from the Cable Television Standards Council (CTSC)?
Context: The Cable Television Standards Council of Canada was an independent organization established by the Canadian cable television industry to administer Standards, Codes and Guidelines that ensure high standards of customer service. In February 2002, Vidéotron withdrew from the CTSC . Later that year, effective December 1, Shaw also withdrew . "The CTSC dealt with complaints with respect to cable service, such as concerns about quality of service and billing until 12 April 2006, when this organisation ceased operation. Since then, complaints filed with the Commission about quality of service and billing are forwarded to the appropriate licensee [that is a cable company] for resolution." 
Response: Videotron withdrew from the Cable Television Standards Council in February 2002.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an Edgeworth box in Economics?
Response: An Edgeworth box in Economics, is a graphical representation of a market with just two commodities, X and Y, and two consumers. The dimensions of the box are the total quantities Ωx and Ωy of the two goods.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the most famous research of Mary Campbell Dawbarn, and put them in a list.
Context: Mary Campbell "Mollie" Dawbarn (5 January 1902 – 24 May 1982) was an Australian biochemist and nutritional physiologist. She is particularly well known for here research on B complex vitamins. Producing an assay for vitamin b12 and perfecting the methods for estimating B1 vitamin in bread are among her most notable works.
Response: - Producing an assay for vitamin b12
- Perfecting the methods for estimating B1 vitamin in bread
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Fontomfrom, Ruan
Response: Ruan is string, Fontomfrom is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Targaryen has the dragon Rhaegal named after him?
Response: Rhaegal is named for Rhaegar Targaryen, Daenerys Targaryen's eldest brother.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is game of Cricket?
Context: Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players on a field at the centre of which is a 22-yard (20-metre) pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps. The batting side scores runs by striking the ball bowled at one of the wickets with the bat and then running between the wickets, while the bowling and fielding side tries to prevent this (by preventing the ball from leaving the field, and getting the ball to either wicket) and dismiss each batter (so they are "out"). Means of dismissal include being bowled, when the ball hits the stumps and dislodges the bails, and by the fielding side either catching the ball after it is hit by the bat, but before it hits the ground, or hitting a wicket with the ball before a batter can cross the crease in front of the wicket. When ten batters have been dismissed, the innings ends and the teams swap roles. The game is adjudicated by two umpires, aided by a third umpire and match referee in international matches. They communicate with two off-field scorers who record the match's statistical information.
Response: Cricket is a game played using a bat and a ball, with 11 players in each team. The surface in the centre of cricket filed is called Pitch which is 22 yards long. The batting starts with 2 player on the pitch, a batter and runner. Bowling side chooses a baller and rest of the 10 players are spread across the filed to catch the ball. Once ten batters from batting side are dismissed, the other sides gets opportunity to bat. The runs are scored by running between each end of the wicket and hitting the ball outside the boundary lines of the filed.
Category: summarization
Instruction: In reference to given text, Note some points about Kabenau River
Context: Kabenau River (also Gabina or St. Augustin River) is a river in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. It is located at about 5.466667°S 145.85°E. It was discovered in 1887 by geologist C. Schneider and explored in 1888 by Hugo Zöller. It flows westward and empties near Rimba to the Astrolabe Bay.
Response: 1. The Kabenau River in Papua New Guinea's Madang Province is also known as the Gabina River or the St. Augustin River.
2. The coordinates are approximately 5.466667°S 145.85°E.
3. Geologist C. Schneider found it in 1887, and Hugo Zöller explored it in 1888.
4. It drains into Astrolabe Bay close to Rimba as it flows westward.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a mitochondrial matrix?
Response: In the mitochondrion, the matrix is the space within the inner membrane. The word "matrix" stems from the fact that this space is viscous, compared to the relatively aqueous cytoplasm. The mitochondrial matrix contains the mitochondrial DNA, ribosomes, soluble enzymes, small organic molecules, nucleotide cofactors, and inorganic ions. The enzymes in the matrix facilitate reactions responsible for the production of ATP, such as the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, oxidation of pyruvate, and the beta oxidation of fatty acids.

The composition of the matrix based on its structures and contents produce an environment that allows the anabolic and catabolic pathways to proceed favorably for. The electron transport chain and enzymes in the matrix play a large role in the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle produces NADH and FADH2 through oxidation that will be reduced in oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP.

The cytosolic, intermembrane space, compartment has a water content of 3.8 μL/mg protein, while the mitochondrial matrix 0.8 μL/mg protein. It is not known how mitochondria maintain osmotic balance across the inner mitochondrial membrane, although the membrane contains aquaporins that are believed to be conduits for regulated water transport. Mitochondrial matrix has a pH of about 7.8, which is higher than the pH of the intermembrane space of the mitochondria, which is around 7.0–7.4. Mitochondrial DNA was discovered by Nash and Margit in 1963. One to many double stranded mainly circular DNA is present in mitochondrial matrix. Mitochondrial DNA is 1% of total DNA of a cell. It is rich in guanine and cytosine content. Mitochondria of mammals have 55s ribosomes.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who produced the album Exit the Dragon
Response: Exit the Dragon is the fifth album by American alternative rock group Urge Overkill, released in 1995. Exit the Dragon is characterized as being a darker album than their previous album, Saturation. It was their final album until 2011 saw the release of Rock & Roll Submarine, sixteen years after Exit the Dragon.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Qamus, when was it attacked and defeated?
Context: Qamus (القموص) was one of the fortresses of the Jewish poet Al-Rabi ibn Abu al-Huqayq, and his Jewish tribe called Banu Nadir. The fortress was situated near Khaybar in what is now Saudi Arabia. The fortress was attacked by Muslim forces and defeated circa 629/30 CE. It was after this event that Muhammad married Safiyyah bint Huyayy. The Jewish presence in the region has been attested to the late seventh century who pioneered the cultivation in the area.

It has traditionally been identified with the remains of the Husn al-Qamus (Qamus Fortress) in the old Khaybar oasis, though there's no direct archaeological evidence for this.
Response: Qamus was attacked and defeated by Muslim forced near the year 630 CE
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What makes a song popular?
Response: There are several aspects that determine if a song is popular. The best songs may not be the most popular. Songs need to be promoted and played on the radio. The song needs to be recommended on most music services. It also helps if the song is made by a popular artist that most people are familiar with. All of this helps determine if a song is popular or not.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What causes the sun to rise?
Context: Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame; this apparent motion caused many cultures to have mythologies and religions built around the geocentric model, which prevailed until astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus formulated his heliocentric model in the 16th century.
Astronomically, sunrise occurs for only an instant: the moment at which the upper limb of the Sun appears tangent to the horizon. However, the term sunrise commonly refers to periods of time both before and after this point:
Twilight, the period in the morning during which the sky is brightening, but the Sun is not yet visible. The beginning of morning twilight is called astronomical dawn.
The period after the Sun rises during which striking colors and atmospheric effects are still seen.
The timing of sunrise varies throughout the year and is also affected by the viewer's latitude and longitude, altitude, and time zone. These changes are driven by the axial tilt of Earth, daily rotation of the Earth, the planet's movement in its annual elliptical orbit around the Sun, and the Earth and Moon's paired revolutions around each other. The analemma can be used to make approximate predictions of the time of sunrise.
In late winter and spring, sunrise as seen from temperate latitudes occurs earlier each day, reaching its earliest time near the summer solstice; although the exact date varies by latitude. After this point, the time of sunrise gets later each day, reaching its latest sometime around the winter solstice. The offset between the dates of the solstice and the earliest or latest sunrise time is caused by the eccentricity of Earth's orbit and the tilt of its axis, and is described by the analemma, which can be used to predict the dates.
Variations in atmospheric refraction can alter the time of sunrise by changing its apparent position. Near the poles, the time-of-day variation is exaggerated, since the Sun crosses the horizon at a very shallow angle and thus rises more slowly.
Accounting for atmospheric refraction and measuring from the leading edge slightly increases the average duration of day relative to night. The sunrise equation, however, which is used to derive the time of sunrise and sunset, uses the Sun's physical center for calculation, neglecting atmospheric refraction and the non-zero angle subtended by the solar disc.
Response: Although the Sun appears to "rise" from the horizon, it is actually the Earth's motion that causes the Sun to appear. The illusion of a moving Sun results from Earth observers being in a rotating reference frame.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why a manager is needed for a team?
Response: 1. A manager's work is to manage the team and delivery the work on time
2. Team member needs to be organized their work and a manager is needed to do so
3. A manager determine the timeline to finish any job 

So, A manager is needed
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference test, what is the daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S.?
Context: In the UK, the recommended daily values for magnesium are 300 mg for men and 270 mg for women. In the U.S. the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are 400 mg for men ages 19–30 and 420 mg for older; for women 310 mg for ages 19–30 and 320 mg for older.
Response: The daily recommended amount of magnesium for women in the U.S. is 310 mg for ages 19-30 and 320 mg for older.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the plot of the movie The Quiet Family
Context: The Quiet Family (Korean: 조용한 가족; RR: Joyonghan Gajok) is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho.

The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve.
Response: The Quiet Family is a 1998 South Korean black comedy horror film directed by Kim Jee-woon. The story centers on a family who owns a hunting lodge in a remote area, whose customers always happen to end up dying. Among the film's main cast are pre-stardom Choi Min-sik and Song Kang-ho.

The film was loosely remade in Japanese as The Happiness of the Katakuris by Takashi Miike, in Indian Tamil as Yaamirukka Bayamey, in Kannada as Namo Bhootatma and in Telugu as Next Nuvve.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest Russian writer?
Response: Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was a Russian author of the Romantic era who is considered by many to be the greatest Russian poet and the founder of modern Russian literature.
Category: classification
Instruction: Group these colors based on their warmth and coldness; red, yellow, purple, orange, green, blue
Response: Sure! Red, orange, and yellow are warm colors. Blue, purple, and green are cool colors.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a noun?
Response: A noun is a naming word. It generally refers to the name of a specific object, person, place or idea.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is K-Pop?
Context: K-pop, short for Korean popular music, is a form of popular music originating in South Korea as part of South Korean culture. It includes styles and genres from around the world, such as pop, hip hop, R&B, rock, jazz, gospel, reggae, electronic dance, folk, country, disco, and classical on top of its traditional Korean music roots. The term "K-pop" became popular in the 2000s, especially in the international context. The Korean term for domestic pop music is gayo, which is still widely used within South Korea. While "K-pop" can refer to all popular music or pop music from South Korea, it is colloquially often used in a narrower sense for any Korean music and artists associated with the entertainment and idol industry in the country, regardless of the genre.
Response: K-pop is an acronym for Korean pop music. It is a mainstream genre of music that originated in South Korea. K-pop is influenced by a variety of different musical genres such as rock, hip hop, R&B, and electronic music. K-pop groups usually consists of trained members who have designated roles such as the main vocalist, vocalists, dancer, rapper, and visual. K-pop choreographies consist of repetitive synchronized movements which tend to go viral.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do home power outages occur?
Response: Power outages can occur for a number of reasons. First, some perceived "outages" may actually be caused by overloading a circuit breaker in a home. To eliminate this as a possibility and confirm the issue is not localized to your home, check to make sure that all circuits in your electric panel are still on. 

If you are experiencing a power outage, it may been caused by a few different reasons:
- Power safety shutoff: in some situations, a power provider will de-electrify an area to prevent issues. This might be due to maintenance activities with employees working on a section of the power grid, or to prevent issues in inclimate weather, such as preventing wildfire ignition in high-wind events. 
- Weather-caused issues: high wind or ice-storms can sometimes snap power lines or cause tree limbs to fall. 

Check with your utility provider to stay up to date on any outage you are experiencing. Most utilities provide SMS/text updates, which will keep you updated in case you lose access to the internet (as your home router requires power too!)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the answer to life, the universe, and everything?
Response: 42
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are metals or non-metals: Sodium, Helium, Aluminum, Chlorine, Gold
Response: Metals: Sodium, Aluminium, Gold
Non-Metals: Chlorine, Helium
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is money
Context: Money is any item or verifiable record that is generally accepted as payment for goods and services and repayment of debts, such as taxes, in a particular country or socio-economic context. The primary functions which distinguish money are as a medium of exchange, a unit of account, a store of value and sometimes, a standard of deferred payment.

Money was historically an emergent market phenomenon that possess intrinsic value as a commodity; nearly all contemporary money systems are based on unbacked fiat money without use value. Its value is consequently derived by social convention, having been declared by a government or regulatory entity to be legal tender; that is, it must be accepted as a form of payment within the boundaries of the country, for "all debts, public and private", in the case of the United States dollar.

The money supply of a country comprises all currency in circulation (banknotes and coins currently issued) and, depending on the particular definition used, one or more types of bank money (the balances held in checking accounts, savings accounts, and other types of bank accounts). Bank money, whose value exists on the books of financial institutions and can be converted into physical notes or used for cashless payment, forms by far the largest part of broad money in developed countries.
Response: Money is a medium of physically or virtually providing a measure of value, store of value and a medium of exchange. Money is a unit of account and a standard of deferred payment.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the main use cases for AWS Kinesis?
Response: Some of the main use cases for AWS Kinesis are:
1. Real-time Data Streaming and Processing
2. Log Aggregation and Data Pipeline
3. Messaging and Notification Services
4. Metrics and Monitoring
5. Data Integration and ETL
6. CDC Events Ingestion
7. Clickstream Data Analysis
8. Fraud Detection and Security
9. Recommendation Systems
10. Internet of Things (IoT) Data Ingestion
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these dog breeds need lots of exercise: Golden Retriever, German Shepherd, Springer, Husky, French Bulldog, Pekingese, Pomeranian, Chihuahua
Response: Golden Retriever and German Shepherd need daily constant exercise, at least twice a day. Springers needs lots of exercise as well, preferred 2 hours per day. Similarly for Husky.

On the other hand, French Bulldog's need on exercise is minimal and owners should avoid high intensity exercise for French Bulldog. Similarly for Pekingese, as they have shorter nose, so owners should not overdo the exercise otherwise Pekingese will struggle. Owners should also avoid overdoing exercise for Pomeranian. 

Chihuahua doesn't need as much exercise as retrievers or Shepherds, but it still need certain level of exercise to keep active. 

It's the best to consult your vet per your dog's condition.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who are Torvill and Dean?
Context: Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are English ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic, and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest-scoring figure skaters of all time for a single programme, receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and four 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro. One of the most-watched television events ever in the United Kingdom, their 1984 Olympics performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.The couple went on to record an even higher score at the 1984 World Championships, thirteen 6.0s and five 5.9s.
Response: Torvill and Dean (Jayne Torvill and Christopher Dean) are English ice dancers and former British, European, Olympic, and World champions. At the Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics the pair won gold and became the highest-scoring figure skaters of all time for a single programme, receiving twelve perfect 6.0s and four 5.9s which included artistic impression scores of 6.0 from every judge, after skating to Maurice Ravel's Boléro. One of the most-watched television events ever in the United Kingdom, their 1984 Olympics performance was watched by a British television audience of more than 24 million people.The couple went on to record an even higher score at the 1984 World Championships, thirteen 6.0s and five 5.9s.

The pair turned professional following the 1984 World Championships, regaining amateur status briefly ten years later in 1994 to compete in the Olympics once again. The pair retired from competitive skating for good in 1998 when they toured one last time with their own show, Ice Adventures, before rejoining Stars on Ice for one more season. Their final routine was performed to Paul Simon's "Still Crazy After All These Years", a routine they had devised a few years earlier for competition. Although remaining close friends, the pair did not skate together again until they were enticed out of retirement to take part in ITV's Dancing on Ice. Their career was portrayed in the 2018 biographical film Torvill & Dean.

Both are from Nottingham, England, where the local National Ice Centre is accessed through a public area known as Bolero Square, in honour of the pair's Olympic achievements. There is also a housing estate in the Wollaton area of the city with a street named 'Torvill Drive' and another named 'Dean Close' which is located just off Torvill Drive, with many of the surrounding roads named after coaches and dances associated with the pair. In a UK poll conducted by Channel 4 in 2002, the British public voted Torvill and Dean's winning performance at the 1984 Winter Olympics as Number 8 in the list of the 100 Greatest Sporting Moments.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How is the order of the NFL draft determined?
Response: The order of the NFL draft is determined by the record of each team during the previous season. The teams with the worst records choose before the teams with better records.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which electric vehicle company does Elon Musk own?
Response: Elon Musk owns the EV company called Tesla which is named after the famous scientist
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the following passage, extract the device used to shoot this film.
Context: High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film directed by Steven Soderbergh, from a story suggested by André Holland, with the screenplay by Tarell Alvin McCraney. The film stars Holland, Zazie Beetz, Melvin Gregg, Sonja Sohn, Zachary Quinto, Glenn Fleshler, Jeryl Prescott, Justin Hurtt-Dunkley, Caleb McLaughlin, Bobbi Bordley, Kyle MacLachlan and Bill Duke, with additional appearances of basketball players Reggie Jackson, Karl-Anthony Towns and Donovan Mitchell. The film follows a sports agent who must pull off a plan in 72 hours, pitching a controversial opportunity to his client, a rookie basketball player during the company’s lockout. The film was shot entirely on the iPhone 8, becoming Soderbergh's second film to be shot on an iPhone, after Unsane.
Response: High Flying Bird is a 2019 American sports drama film that was shot on the iPhone 8.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which season three episode did Alik Sakharov direct in Game of Thrones?
Response: Alik Sakharov directed the season three episode "The Climb"
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Finger or Fingerfish
Response: Fingerfish
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was Nicola Yoon's first published novel?
Response: Everything, Everything, which was released in September 2015.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What advice would you give to FBLA competitors for future years?
Response: Please do not procrastinate and really focus on the prejudged part of the portion of your report, because that is a prerequisite if you want to compete at states. Also, make sure to thoroughly read the rubric so you hit every single requirement on the rubric, especially the part about providing a recommendation and plan. As for your recommendation, try to come up with a creative acronym to make it memorable. For us, we thought of CHIP, as the topic was about microchips. Although notes are technically allowed, every single team memorizes their presentation, so make sure to have your presentation very well memorized by the conference. Also it is important to get plenty of sleep before the night of the competition, eat breakfast, and act confident when you are presenting. Finally, if you do make a mistake it is okay (part of the learning), just don't act surprised and keep going!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is learning piano on a keyboard just as effective as learning on a grand/upright piano?
Response: Since the layout of keys for both electronic keyboards and pianos are the same, keyboards could be effective for beginners. However, Pianos have more “action” than keyboards (i.e. how the keys feel when pushed down, whether they are light or heavy).  So learning on a keyboard may not prepare a person for the heavier feeling of piano keys. If a piano is too costly or large, another option is learning on a keyboard with weighted keys that feel much more similar to a piano.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either titles by J.K. Rowling or Suzanne Collins: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Ickabog, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Cuckoo's Calling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Catching Fire, Mockingjay, Gregor the Overlander, Year of the Jungle, The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
Response: J.K. Rowling: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Ickabog, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Cuckoo's Calling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Suzanne Collins: Catching Fire, Mockingjay, Gregor the Overlander, Year of the Jungle, The Ballad of Songbirds and Snakes
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tassa, Sitar
Response: Sitar is string, Tassa is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Missy Elliott references what infamous celebrity couple in "Let Me Fix My Weave?"
Response: Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Yellow wagtail, Yellowback fusilier
Response: Yellow wagtail is a bird, Yellowback fusilier is a fish
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Kaka means parrot in which language
Response: Maori
Category: general_qa
Instruction: When does human life begin?
Response: Causation theory is applied to the question of the point at which human life begins. It is concluded that the potential human being becomes actualized through the cessation of an exclusive in-utero dependency upon the material, formal, and efficient causes of its being, and the beginning of a nonexclusive ex-utero dependency upon nurturing and care-giving sources.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is Lady Gaga's real name?
Context: Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta (/ˈstɛfəni ˌdʒɜːrməˈnɒtə/ (listen) STEF-ən-ee JUR-mə-NOT-ə; born March 28, 1986), known professionally as Lady Gaga, is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. She is known for her image reinventions and musical versatility. Gaga began performing as a teenager, singing at open mic nights and acting in school plays. She studied at Collaborative Arts Project 21, through the New York University Tisch School of the Arts, before dropping out to pursue a career in music.
Response: Lady Gaga's real name is Stefani Joanne Angelina Germanotta.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a mulligan in Magic the Gathering?
Response: A mulligan in Magic the Gathering is an action you can take if you are not happy with your opening hand in a game. Depending on the format you play, different rules apply. For competitive one versus one formats, the rule is that you draw an initial hand of seven cards. If you are unhappy with the hand, you can shuffle it back in your deck, and again draw a hand of seven cards. If you are then happy with the hand, you can keep it but you have to choose and put one card from your hand and put it on the bottom of the deck. If you are unhappy, you can mulligan again, but then you'll have to put back two cards, and so forth.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: The Wildfoods festival was started in 1990 by Hokitika local Claire Bryant, a producer of gorse-flower and rose-petal wine, who wanted to celebrate the flavours and produce of the West Coast. The first festival in March 1990 coincided with Hokitika's 125th anniversary and was run by Heritage Hokitika. It took place in a newly-developed heritage area on Gibson Quay in downtown Hokitika. The first Wildfoods had 30 stalls, and attracted 1800 people. Alison Holst was the celebrity judge.
Response: • Claire Bryant
• Alison Holst
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Megatherium, Sri Lankan Elephant
Response: Megatherium is extinct, Sri Lankan Elephant is alive.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Does Almond Joy or Mounds have nuts?
Response: Almond Joy has nuts enrobed in milk chocolate.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who invented the music notation that we know today?
Response: The greeks
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where were the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights stored during World War II?
Response: Fort Knox.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What literary technique is used in the phrase “simmered on a smooth summer sidewalk”?
Response: “Simmered on a smooth summer sidewalk” is an example of alliteration, which is a literary technique often used to emphasize a phrase or make a phrase stand out more to a reader.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Turbot or Turbo
Response: Turbot