fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What was the Tower Chowk renamed?
Context: Rajendra Tower (Hindi: राजेंद्र टावर), locally known as Tower Chowk, is a historic clock tower in Gaya, Bihar, India. Built sometime between 1910 and 1914 during the British rule by the-then collector George Oldhum, it was renamed as Rajendra Tower after the first Indian president Dr. Rajendra Prasad in 1981 by the administration of Bihar's Chief Minister Jagannath Mishra. The tower is widely considered to be the symbol of the city.

History
The clock tower was built during the British Raj by George Oldhum, the-then collector of Gaya district, which was under Bihar and Orissa Province sometime between 1910 and 1914. The clock tower gradually became symbolic for the city of Gaya. After the end of British rule in 1947, the clock tower eventually became the property of the new Indian state of Bihar. It was renamed Rajendra Tower in 1981 after Dr. Rajendra Prasad, the first President of India by the administration of Jagannath Mishra, the-then Chief Minister of Bihar. According to locals, there were four clocks in the tower on each side and people used to hear the chimes of the clock from meters away whereas pedestrians used to match their accurate time by taking the reference of the clock. Due to the presence of the clock tower, the area gradually became a commercial district and goes by the name of Tower Chowk.
Response: The tower Chowk was renamed as Rajendra Tower after the passing of the president Dr. Rajendra Prasad.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Do all dog breeds have long tails?
Response: Dogs naturally have a variety of tail lengths, ranging from long to short to stubs
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Brainstorm a list of five different animals that you could find on a farm
Response: You could find cows, sheep, chickens, horses and ducks on a farm
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What do economists do?
Response: Economists study a diverse range of social issues whose outcomes are driven by the choices of individuals under resource constraints and limited information. There are various subfields in economics:

- Microeconomists study the supply and demand decision of individuals and firms, such as how profits can be maximized and how much of a good or service consumers will demand at a certain price. 
- Industrial/Organizational Economists study the market structure of particular industries in terms of the number of competitors, and the market decisions of competitive firms and monopolies. These economists may also be concerned with antitrust policy and its impact on market structure.
- Macroeconomists study historical trends in the whole economy and forecast future trends in areas such as unemployment, inflation, economic growth, productivity, and investment. 
Financial Economists study the money and banking system and the effects of rising interest rates. 
- Public Finance Economists primarily are involved in studying the role of the government in the economy and the effects of tax cuts, budget deficits, and welfare policies.
International Economists study international financial markets, exchange rates, and the effects of various trade policies such as tariffs.
- Labor Economists study the supply and demand for labor and the determination of wages. These economists also try to explain the reasons for unemployment, and the effects on labor markets of changing demographic trends such as an aging population and increasing immigration. 
- Econometricians are involved in all areas of economics and use mathematical techniques such as calculus, game theory, and regression analysis to formulate economic models. These models help to explain economic relationships and are used to develop forecasts related to the nature and length of business cycles, the effects of a specific rate of inflation on the economy, the effects of tax legislation on unemployment levels, and other economic phenomena. Many economists have applied these fundamental areas of economics to more narrow areas with specific applications such as health, education, agriculture, urban and regional economics, law, history, energy, and the environment. 

Economists may work in Business, Finance Government and Academia.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Silkmoth, Roman snail
Response: Silkmouth is domesticated, Roman snail is wild.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many toes do polydactyl cats have?
Response: Polydactyl cats can have more than five toes on each paw; a typical cat has five (four on its paw pad and a declaw). Polydactyl cats will have six or more toes on each paw.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What's the difference between a knot, a hitch and a bend?
Response: A knot stands by itself and will not come undone, an example is the figure 8 knot. A hitch, such as the clove hitch, requires something else such as a rope, a tree, or a carabiner to stay intact. A bend joins two ropes together.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the E.S. Hoyt House, tell me how big the inside of the house is and how many rooms it has.
Context: The E.S. Hoyt House is a historic house in Red Wing, Minnesota, United States, designed by the firm of Purcell & Elmslie and built in 1913. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It is also a contributing property to the Red Wing Residential Historic District.

Description and history
The house is one of their more elaborate designs because its owner had a budget that allowed for lavish decoration. The result is comparable to the William Gray Purcell House and the Edward L. Powers House, both in Minneapolis. The horizontal lines of the Prairie School are more pronounced in this house; they are expressed in the bands of art glass windows on both levels and the cantilevered second story. Its owner, E.S. Hoyt, was the president of the Red Wing Stoneware Company.

The exterior is clad with brick on the first floor and red stucco on the second floor. The house has ten rooms and about 3,600 square feet (330 m2) of floor space. It has 99 diamond-paned art glass windows and a considerable amount of quarter sawn white oak wood ornamentation. The second story of the house is cantilevered over the first story. The entrance opens into a hallway that leads to a library on the left and a living room on the right. The living room, dining room, and an enclosed porch are all stretched across the front of the house and provide plenty of light through the art glass windows. Several of these windows provide panoramic views of the Mississippi River. The kitchen is located behind the dining room, although it has been remodeled since its original design. The second floor of the house has four bedrooms and two bathrooms, several of which have corner windows that expand the sense of space. The maid's room, over the kitchen, had a separate staircase.[
Response: The E.S. Hoyt House is about 3,600 square feet and has ten rooms.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a sedentary way of living?
Response: When we talk about sedentarism in a community, we're talking about a group of people who settle down in one place and build their economic, social, and cultural lives there. The change from being nomadic to staying in one place is what led to the first civilizations. When we say that someone has a sedentary lifestyle, we mean that they sit or lie down for a long time and don't move around much or at all.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: List the 7 most recent US Speakers of the House (newest to oldest).
Response: Kevin McCarthy
Nancy Pelosi
Paul Ryan
John Boehner
Nancy Pelosi
Dennis Hastert
Newt Gingrich
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was the cause of Michael Jackson's death?
Response: On August 28, 2009, the Los Angeles County coroner classified Jackson's death as a homicide, determining that Jackson died from acute propofol intoxication, exacerbated by the anxiolytic lorazepam, and less significantly midazolam, diazepam, lidocaine, and ephedrine.
Category: classification
Instruction: Is the following state true or false: Peanuts are vegetables?
Response: This statement is true. Peanuts are part of the legume family and are therefore vegetables.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is gardening?
Context: Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants as part of horticulture. In gardens, ornamental plants are often grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants, such as root vegetables, leaf vegetables, fruits, and herbs, are grown for consumption, for use as dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use.

Gardening ranges in scale from fruit orchards, to long boulevard plantings with one or more different types of shrubs, trees, and herbaceous plants, to residential back gardens including lawns and foundation plantings, all the way to container gardens grown inside or outside. Gardening may be very specialized, with only one type of plant grown, or involve a variety of plants in mixed plantings. It involves an active participation in the growing of plants, and tends to be labor-intensive, which differentiates it from farming or forestry.
Response: Gardening is laying out and caring for a plot of ground devoted partially or wholly to growing plants such as flowers, herbs, or vegetables.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What was Nikola Poplašen's profession?
Context: Nikola Poplašen (Никола Поплашен; born 15 December 1951 in Sombor) is a former Bosnian Serb politician. He was the president of Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999. He was removed by the High Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Carlos Westendorp, on 5 March 1999. The removal was enforced on 2 September 1999.

Following his removal from the presidency, he also worked as a member of the Senate of Republika Srpska. He testified as a defense witness for Radovan Karadžić in his trial.

Bosnian War
Following the outbreak of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Poplašen left Sarajevo with his family to work for the newly-formed government of Republika Srpska in Pale. There he served as a member of the Advisory of Serb Democratic Party and also personally advised Radovan Karadžić. However, he left SDS in 1992 and founded the Serbian Radical Party of Republika Srpska. Subsequently, he worked as a commissioner for the government of Republika Srpska in Vogošća up to December 1992. He saw combat and was formally given the title of a Chetnik Vojvoda by Vojislav Šešelj.
Response: Nikola Poplašen was a Bosnian Serb politician, president of the Republika Srpska from late 1998 to 1999.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why does pollution in Delhi increase during the months of Nov-Dec each year?
Response: Delhi is the capital of India and one of India's largest city.  It has over 30 million residents and an estimated 100+ million vehicles.  Delhi is surrounded by the agricultural states of Punjab and Haryana.  During the period Sep-Nov, the states of Punjab and Haryana harvest rice they have grown during the summer months.  Post the harvest, in order to prepare the fields for sowing again they burn the left over rice husk and dried plants.  The month of November marks the onset of winter in the north Indian plains and during this time the north westerly winds stop.  The combination of high vehicle number, large scale burning of post harvest leftover and onset of winter with no winds results in the months of Nov-Dec being the most polluted in the year.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name the novel for which Douglas Stuart won the Booker.
Response: Shuggie Bain
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are solid or gas at room temperature: oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide.
Response: Oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide are gases at room temperature.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify the bird from the list: Zebra, Brambling, Blackfish
Response: Brambling
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a sleeping bag?
Response: A sleeping bag is a warm blanket that can be zipped up to enclose the sleeper. Sleeping bags are typically filled with either down or synthetic material (down is lighter but stays wet longer) and is often used for staying at night while camping.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is Chess?
Context: Chess is a board game for two players, called White and Black, each controlling an army of chess pieces in their color, with the objective to checkmate the opponent's king. It is sometimes called international chess or Western chess to distinguish it from related games, such as xiangqi (Chinese chess) and shogi (Japanese chess). The recorded history of chess goes back at least to the emergence of a similar game, chaturanga, in seventh-century India. The rules of chess as we know them today emerged in Europe at the end of the 15th century, with standardization and universal acceptance by the end of the 19th century. Today, chess is one of the world's most popular games, played by millions of people worldwide.

Chess is an abstract strategy game that involves no hidden information and no use of dice or cards. It is played on a chessboard with 64 squares arranged in an eight-by-eight grid. At the start, each player controls sixteen pieces: one king, one queen, two rooks, two bishops, two knights, and eight pawns. White moves first, followed by Black. Checkmating the opponent's king involves putting the king under immediate attack (in "check") whereby there is no way for it to escape. There are also several ways a game can end in a draw.

Organized chess arose in the 19th century. Chess competition today is governed internationally by FIDE (the International Chess Federation). The first universally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his title in 1886; Magnus Carlsen is the current World Champion. A huge body of chess theory has developed since the game's inception. Aspects of art are found in chess composition, and chess in its turn influenced Western culture and art, and has connections with other fields such as mathematics, computer science, and psychology.

One of the goals of early computer scientists was to create a chess-playing machine. In 1997, Deep Blue became the first computer to beat the reigning World Champion in a match when it defeated Garry Kasparov. Today's chess engines are significantly stronger than the best human players and have deeply influenced the development of chess theory.
Response: Chess is a board game played by two players where there are multiple pieces for each person/side, that can be moved in certain ways on the board and can capture other pieces. The end goal is to checkmate the King piece. This game requires a lot of smart intelligent strategy.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a good approach to grocery shopping?
Response: Grocery shopping can be a difficult task because grocery stores are often crowded.  A good approach to grocery shopping is to go during hours when not a lot of people are grocery shopping.  An example would be during a lunch break instead of going at night when most people are off of work or going during the work week instead of going on the weekend.  Avoid Sundays at all costs!  Sundays are the busiest day for grocery shopping.  Once you've selected your day and before you've gone to the store, make a list.  A list will make you more efficient once you get to the grocery store.  Organize your list by aisles.  An example of this is organizing your list by produce, meats, household supplies, snacks, and drinks.  This way you can go aisle-to-aisle skipping aisles that don't have what you are shopping for.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: what are the different ways to set up a stereo music system at home?
Response: There are a few parameters / criteria that you will have to think through:
1. Where will this be located
2. Would you want to share it with others or have a personal listening session
3. Would your stereo setup play a dual role as part of your Home Theater system
4. How large is the space
6. What is your budget

There are different components to a music system 
1. Music source - Streaming (e.g. Spotify), CD, LP record player
2. Digital to Analog converter (DAC)
3. Preamplifier - Required for volume control and if you have multiple sources
4. Stereo Amplifier
5. Speakers or Headphones
    -- Speakers - Can be bookshelf speakers (for small spaces) or floorstanding speakers (for large spaces)
    -- Headphones - Can be open back (great for quiet places and no other people around who may get disturbed) or closed back (noisy environment or other people present). You will also need to think through if you want noise cancellation or not (usage on flights etc will require a closed back headphone with Active Noise Cancellation)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the US Congress
Response: The United States Congress is the legislature of the federal government of the United States. It is bicameral, composed of a lower body, the House of Representatives, and an upper body, the Senate. It meets in the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. Senators and representatives are chosen through direct election, though vacancies in the Senate may be filled by a governor's appointment. Congress has 535 voting members: 100 senators and 435 representatives. The U.S. vice president has a vote in the Senate only when senators are evenly divided. The House of Representatives has six non-voting members.

The sitting of a Congress is for a two-year term, at present, beginning every other January. Elections are held every even-numbered year on Election Day. The members of the House of Representatives are elected for the two-year term of a Congress. The Reapportionment Act of 1929 established that there be 435 representatives, and the Uniform Congressional Redistricting Act requires that they be elected from single-member constituencies or districts. It is also required that the congressional districts be apportioned among states by population every ten years using the U.S. census results, provided that each state has at least one congressional representative. Each senator is elected at-large in their state for a six-year term, with terms staggered, so every two years approximately one-third of the Senate is up for election. Each state, regardless of population or size, has two senators, so currently, there are 100 senators for the 50 states.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the play Esther?
Context: Esther is a play in three acts written in 1689 by the French dramatist, Jean Racine. It was premièred on January 26, 1689, performed by the pupils of the Maison royale de Saint-Louis, an educational institute for young girls of noble birth. The subject is taken from the biblical Book of Esther.
Response: Esther is a play written in 1689 by Jean Racine, a French dramatist. It premiered on January 26, 1689 and is about the biblical Book of Esther.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is an audible?
Response: An audible is a football term for changing the play call on the fly.  A quarterback will read the defense and the coverage and will make a determination if the play called will be an effective one.  If they decide the play will not work well against what the defense is showing they will call an audible to a play with a higher probability of success.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Given a polynomial x^2 + 2x + 1, what is x?
Response: x is equal to -1
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What was the first road trip after Elson joined Indiana University?
Context: Elson joined the Hilltoppers staff as a defensive backs coach in 1996. He served as defensive coordinator for the 2001 and 2002 season before he was promoted to head coach. The rise to college football's highest level was difficult for the program, and Hilltoppers went 2-20 in Elson's final two seasons.

On November 9, 2009 Elson was fired by the university, finishing out the 2009 season. WKU alumnus and Stanford running backs coach Willie Taggart replaced him.

In March 2010, Indiana University head football coach Bill Lynch announced that Elson will be a defensive quality control coach. Coach Lynch noted this would mainly be an administrative role, but that he would be involved in coaching decisions. The Hoosiers made their first road trip of the year to play Elson's former team, the WKU Hilltoppers in Bowling Green, Kentucky.

Elson spent the 2011 football season as defensive coordinator for KHSAA state finalist Franklin-Simpson High School in Franklin, Kentucky.

On January 4, 2012, Elson was announced as the defensive coordinator at New Mexico State University.

On January 13, 2013, Elson was announced as the new secondary coach for the Southern Illinois University Carbondale, where he was a graduate assistant from 94 to 95. On January 20, 2016, after two years at Southern Illinois, Elson accepted the position as defensive coordinator at Western Illinois under new head coach Charlie Fisher.
Response: The roadtrip was to play the WKU Hilltoppers in Bowling Green, Kentucky
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each word as a noun, verb, or adjective: playground, eating, skinny, chubby, tall, sleeping, bed
Response: Playground: Noun
Eating: Verb
Skinny: Adjective
Chubby: Adjective
Tall: Adjective
Sleeping: Verb
Bed: Noun
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Sci-fi fantasy?
Context: Science fantasy is a hybrid genre within speculative fiction that simultaneously draws upon or combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy. In a conventional science fiction story, the world is presented as being scientifically logical; while a conventional fantasy story contains mostly supernatural and artistic elements that disregard the scientific laws of the real world. The world of science fantasy, however, is laid out to be scientifically logical and often supplied with hard science–like explanations of any supernatural elements.
Response: Sci-fi fantasy is a hybrid genre that combines tropes and elements from both science fiction and fantasy.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What are the four major subregions in Central Otago?
Context: The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions, each with its own climate and characteristics.

Bannockburn is a small Geographical Indication on the southern banks of the Kawarau River near Cromwell and is a very warm area that was known by gold miners as "the Heart of the Desert". Grapes ripen early on sandy, silty loam soils. The elevation ranges from 220 to 370 metres (720 to 1,210 ft).
Bendigo lies east of the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Lake Dunstan, with grapes planted at both medium elevation (220 metres (720 ft)) and high elevation terraces (330 to 350 metres (1,080 to 1,150 ft)). This warm area has semi arid soils at variable depths, with free draining soils at the lower levels and shallower soils at higher elevations. The Bendigo sub-region includes the vineyards at Tarras and Maori Point.
Gibbston is a tight valley enclosed by mountainous terrain. About 250 hectares of vines are planted on sloping land on the southern bank of the Kawarau River. Gibbston is the coolest and highest of the sub-regions with vineyards between 320 and 420 metres (1,050 and 1,380 ft) altitude. It is sometimes referred to as the Queenstown subregion.
Wānaka, the smallest of the sub-regions, has vineyards planted between the banks of Lake Wānaka and the town of Luggate to the east. Ranging between 290 to 320 metres (950 to 1,050 ft) above sea level, the vineyards have a similar but slightly warmer climate than those at Gibbston.
The Alexandra Basin is surrounded by the Clutha River / Mata-Au and Manuherikia River and regularly records New Zealand's hottest summer temperatures. Schist outcrops dominate the arid landscape. A wide diurnal shift moderates the high temperatures.
The Cromwell Basin contains the highest concentration of vines, in an area bounded by the Kawarau River, Lake Dunstan and the Pisa mountain range. It is a warm district characterised by semi arid, high terraces and moraines and gently sloping fans.
Response: The Central Otago wine region is broken into multiple sub-regions: Bannockburn, Bendigo, Bendigo and Wānaka
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the word that suggests the sound that it describes?
Context: Onomatopoeia[note 1] is the use or creation of a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes. Such a word itself is also called an onomatopoeia. Common onomatopoeias include animal noises such as oink, meow (or miaow), roar, and chirp. Onomatopoeia can differ between languages: it conforms to some extent to the broader linguistic system; hence the sound of a clock may be expressed as tick tock in English, tic tac in Spanish and Italian (shown in the picture), dī dā in Mandarin, kachi kachi in Japanese, or tik-tik in Hindi.
Response: Onomatopoeia is a word that phonetically imitates, resembles, or suggests the sound that it describes.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is buoyant force?
Response: The upward force exerted on a body, partially or fully immersed in a fluid, is known as buoyant force. This upward force is also called Upthrust. This is related  to the Archimedes principle. If an object is partially or fully submerged in any fluid, the upward force and the fluid displaced is equal to the upward force exerted by the fluid.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are Singapore main geographical points according to this text? Bullet point please.
Context: Singapore consists of 63 islands, including the main island, Pulau Ujong. There are two man-made connections to Johor, Malaysia: the Johor–Singapore Causeway in the north and the Tuas Second Link in the west. Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa are the largest of Singapore's smaller islands. The highest natural point is Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 m (537 ft). Under British rule, Christmas Island and the Cocos Islands were part of Singapore, and both were transferred to Australia in 1957. Pedra Branca is the nation's easternmost point.

Land reclamation projects have increased Singapore's land area from 580 km2 (220 sq mi) in the 1960s to 710 km2 (270 sq mi) by 2015, an increase of some 22% (130 km2). The country is projected to reclaim another 56 km2 (20 sq mi). Some projects involve merging smaller islands through land reclamation to form larger, more functional and habitable islands, as has been done with Jurong Island. The type of sand used in reclamation is found in rivers and beaches, rather than deserts, and is in great demand worldwide. In 2010 Singapore imported almost 15 million tons of sand for its projects, the demand being such that Indonesia, Malaysia, and Vietnam have all restricted or barred the export of sand to Singapore in recent years. As a result, in 2016 Singapore switched to using polders for reclamation, in which an area is enclosed and then pumped dry.
Response: Signapore has today:
- Land area of 710 km2 (270 sq miles) and is working towards reclaiming more using sand imports.
- 63 islands, with the main island and Jurong Island, Pulau Tekong, Pulau Ubin and Sentosa, and many smaller ones.
- The highest spot of Singapore is the Bukit Timah Hill at 163.63 meter (537 feet).
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following grow on trees?: apples, lemons, potatoes, carrots
Response: Apples and lemons grow on trees
Category: general_qa
Instruction: The following is an Abstract of a paper on Autism Spectrum Disorder. Based on this abstract  would it be a good idea to enroll a child with ASD into group sports? 
"Given the characteristics of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder, it is evident the difficulties they show in the development of social skills. The scarce participation of people with Autism Spectrum Disorder in group sports can be taken as a reference. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of football on the development of social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. In order to measure the sporting impact, it was necessary to implement a football training programme with the intention of evaluating different social skills. Thirteen children participated in the programme, all of them with a diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder and with a severity level of 1. The study was based on a pre-experimental, pre-test/post-test design. Non-parametric tests were used for the statistical analysis, applying the Wilcoxon test. Two specific tools on social skills were used for data collection. The results showed a generalised improvement in the dimensions linked to the social skills assessed. This highlights the possibility of considering group sport as an alternative to be taken into account to work on and enhance social skills in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder"
Response: In this study, the authors assess 13 children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD-Level 1)  on their social skills, before and after being enrolled in a football training program. The authors claim that the results showed an overall improvement in participant's social skills. 
This suggests that participating in group sports maybe considered as a method to improve children with ASD's social and communication skills.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the biggest planet from the solar system?
Context: Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. It is a gas giant with a mass more than two and a half times that of all the other planets in the Solar System combined, and slightly less than one one-thousandth the mass of the Sun. Jupiter is the third brightest natural object in the Earth's night sky after the Moon and Venus, and it has been observed since prehistoric times. It was named after Jupiter, the chief deity of ancient Roman religion.
Response: Jupiter is the largest plant in the Solar system with a surface of 120 times the earth
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: My trophy does not fit my suitcase because it is to small.  I need to travel.  What could I do?
Response: - Get a bigger suite case
- Don't bring the trophy
- Send the trophy in a box
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is tempeh a vegetarian food?
Response: Yes, tempeh is a plant based food
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best English food?
Response: There are so many delicious English foods. For cool sweets in the summer - an English Trifle  is hard to beat. The English are also well known for their puddings - Christmas pudding is a very dense and tasty fruitcake, served with flaming brandy. Finally, the best savory English food is Pork Pie, which is a traditional picnic meat pie to enjoy on a warm summer day.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each country as "African" or "European": Nigeria, Rwanda, Portugal, Romania, Ghana, Ukraine
Response: Nigeria: African
Rwanda: African
Portugal: European
Romania: European
Ghana: African
Ukraine: European
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do kids like to play Fortnite so much?
Response: Fortnite is an extremely popular video game produced by Epic Games. Fortnite's popularity is largely due to its cartoonish animation style and competitive gameplay. The most popular game mode in Fortnite is called "Battle Royale", where players battle to be the last player standing.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the reference text about the American Rescue Plan Act, tell me how much money was authorized to be spent.
Context: The American Rescue Plan Act of 2021, also called the COVID-19 Stimulus Package or American Rescue Plan, is a US$1.9 trillion economic stimulus bill passed by the 117th United States Congress and signed into law by President Joe Biden on March 11, 2021, to speed up the country's recovery from the economic and health effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the ongoing recession. First proposed on January 14, 2021, the package builds upon many of the measures in the CARES Act from March 2020 and in the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2021, from December.

Beginning on February 2, 2021, Democrats in the United States Senate started to open debates on a budget resolution that would allow them to pass the stimulus package through the process of reconciliation which would not require support from Republicans. The House of Representatives voted 218–212 to approve its version of the budget resolution. A so-called vote-a-rama session started two days later after the resolution was approved, and the Senate introduced amendments in the relief package. The day after, Vice President Kamala Harris cast her first tie-breaking vote as vice president in order to give the Senate's approval to start the reconciliation process, with the House following suit by voting 219–209 to agree to the Senate version of the resolution.

On February 8, 2021, the Financial Services and Education and Labor committees released a draft of $1.9 trillion stimulus legislation. A portion of the relief package was approved by the House Ways and Means on February 11, setting it up for a vote in the House. The legislation was also approved by the Transportation and Infrastructure, Small Business, and House Veterans Affairs committees. On February 22, the House Budget Committee voted 19–16 to advance the bill to the House for a floor vote. The bill passed the House by a vote of 219–212 on February 27. All but two Democrats voted for the bill and all Republicans voted against the bill. A modified version passed the Senate on March 6 by a vote of 50–49. The final amended bill was passed by the House on March 10 by a vote of 220–211 with one Democrat voting against it with all Republicans. The bill was signed into law by President Biden on March 11, 2021, which was the first anniversary of COVID-19 being declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization.
Response: The American Rescue Plan authorized $1.9T of economic stimulus to be spent.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is renal compensation?
Context: Renal compensation is a mechanism by which the kidneys can regulate the plasma pH. It is slower than respiratory compensation, but has a greater ability to restore normal values. Kidneys maintain the acid-base balance through two mechanisms,- the secretion of H+ ions and the reabsorption of bicarbonate HCO3 from urine which is then released into the blood. The regulation of H+ ions and bicarbonate HCO3 is determined by the concentration of the two released within the urine. These mechanisms of secretion and reabsorption balance the pH of the bloodstream. A restored acid-base balanced bloodstream thus leads to a restored acid-base balance throughout the entire body.
Response: Renal compensation is the mechanism that the kidneys use to regulate plasma pH. It is a slower process than respiratory compensation, but increases the body's ability to restore normal values.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the Zhou Dynasty?
Context: Dynasties in Chinese history, or Chinese dynasties, were hereditary monarchical regimes that ruled over China during much of its history. From the legendary inauguration of dynastic rule by Yu the Great circa 2070 BC to the abdication of the Xuantong Emperor on 12 February 1912 in the wake of the Xinhai Revolution, China was ruled by a series of successive dynasties. Dynasties of China were not limited to those established by ethnic Han—the dominant Chinese ethnic group—and its predecessor, the Huaxia tribal confederation, but also included those founded by non-Han peoples.

Dividing Chinese history into periods ruled by dynasties is a convenient method of periodization. Accordingly, a dynasty may be used to delimit the era during which a family reigned, as well as to describe events, trends, personalities, artistic compositions, and artifacts of that period. For example, porcelain made during the Ming dynasty may be referred to as "Ming porcelain". The word "dynasty" is usually omitted when making such adjectival references.

The longest-reigning orthodox dynasty of China was the Zhou dynasty, ruling for a total length of 789 years, albeit it is divided into the Western Zhou and the Eastern Zhou in Chinese historiography, and its power was drastically reduced during the latter part of its rule. The largest orthodox Chinese dynasty in terms of territorial size was either the Yuan dynasty or the Qing dynasty, depending on the historical source.[
Response: The Zhou Dynasty was the longest ruling Chinese monarchical regime, ruling China for a total of 789 years.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Frey?
Response: "We Stand Together"
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following Greek philosophers by their schools of thought: Democritus, Anaximander, Protagoras, Epictetus, Chrysippus, Theano, Pythagorus and Heraclides.
Response: There were many diverse schools of thought in Ancient Greek philosophy. Democritus was a pre-socratic philosopher who founded the discipline of Atomism. Anaximander was another pre-socratic thinker who was a member of the Milesian school. Epictetus and Chrysippus were both stoic philosophers. Protagoras was a famous sophist who was referenced by Plato. Heraclides was a Platonist and direct student of Plato. Pythagoras and Theano were both of the Pythagorean school, and are believed to have been married.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the significance of Thanks Giving.
Response: The first American Thanksgiving was celebrated 43 years later in 1621 at the site of Plymouth Plantation, in Massachusetts. The Wampanoag Native Americans helped the pilgrims who arrived in Massachusetts cultivate the land and fish, saving them from starvation. At harvest time in the winter of 1621, they were very thankful that they had a good crop of food to eat during the coming winter. They thanked God and the Wampanoags for teaching them how to grow crops. The Thanksgiving holiday became a national phenomenon during the Civil War and a true national holiday during FDR's presidency.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a T20 cricket game?
Response: A T20 cricket game is the shortest, the most aggressive and exciting format of cricket game. A T20 cricket game takes approximately 3 hours to finish. An international T20 world cup is played every 2 years, which is organised by the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Make a list of several games I could play with two friends
Response: You could play cribbage, monopoly, poker, backgammon or yahtzee
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify these animals as either mammals, reptiles, birds, or other: king cobra, honey badger, whale, black kite, salmon, and French poodle
Response: mammals: honey badger, whale, french poodle
reptiles: king cobra
birds: black kite
other: salmon
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are your 5 favourite museums in London?
Response: Here are my 5 favourite museums in London:

- Natural History Museum
- The National Gallery
- British Museum
- Tate Modern
- Royal Air Force Museum
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why do humans like dogs?
Response: Humans like dogs because they have evolved together over at least 18,000 years. During this time, dogs have learned to identify and understand complex human expressions, including facial cues and vocal language and pitch. In turn, dog physiology and cognitive development has evolved the facial muscle sets and vocalizations and cognitive communication skills which enable them to communicate their states of emotional and physical being.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the benefits of exercising and why one should workout everyday especially if you have a sedentary lifestyle that makes you sit all day long?
Response: Based on various researches, it’s evident that health risks are at rise due to sedentary lifestyle. This has led to multiple health issues such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and obesity. By exercising, one can stay in shape and active especially if the workout is rigorous that makes your heart pump faster. Most doctors recommend to exercise at least half an hour everyday to stay fit.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between affect and effect?
Response: "Affect" acts as a verb while "effect" acts as a noun. For example, you would use the former spelling of the word when writing the sentence, "Alcohol consumption affects cognitive ability." Alternatively, you would use the latter spelling of the word when writing the sentence, "Alcohol consumption leads to negative effects on cognitive ability."
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are monsoons in India?
Response: Monsoons in India typically refer to the rainy season, which is generally between June and September. It follows the summer season. Monsoons also refer to the seasonal weather pattern that causes rains in India due to the changing direction of winds. The hot summers cause the air over the land to heat up and rise causing low pressure, which the moisture-filled air from the ocean rushes to fill. As this air rises over the mountains, it cools and brings rain to many parts of the Indian subcontinent.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the given paragraph, extract the industry sector and the corresponding percentage of GDP in the format {Industry sector} - {Percentage} and list them using bullets
Context: The 522-million-worker Indian labour force is the world's second-largest, as of 2017. The service sector makes up 55.6% of GDP, the industrial sector 26.3% and the agricultural sector 18.1%. India's foreign exchange remittances of US$100 billion in 2022, highest in the world, were contributed to its economy by 32 million Indians working in foreign countries. Major agricultural products include: rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, and potatoes.
Response: Here are the industries mentioned in the text and their GDP percentages:
Service sector - 55.6%
Industrial sector - 26.3%
Agricultural sector - 18.1%
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following grapes are used to make white wine: Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Semillon, Gewurztraminer, Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Cabernet Sauvignon, 
Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Sangiovese, Grenache, Malbec.
Response: White wines are typically made from Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc, Riesling, Pinot Gris, Semillon, Gewurztraminer, Viognier, and Chenin Blanc. 

The rest of the grapes typically make red wine, Cabernet Sauvignon, 
Merlot, Syrah, Pinot Noir, Zinfandel, Sangiovese, Grenache, and Malbec. 

Some red grapes can be used to make Rose, which is a red wine, that has been fermented for less time and typically served cold like a white wine, but comes from a red grape.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Merryweather?
Response: "Behold Our Beauty"
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which club has won the most number of UEFA Champions League?
Context: The UEFA Champions League is a seasonal football competition established in 1955. Prior to the 1992–93 season, the tournament was named the European Cup. The UEFA Champions League is open to the league champions of all UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) member associations (except Liechtenstein, which has no league competition), as well as to the clubs finishing from second to fourth position in the strongest leagues. Originally, only the champions of their respective national league and the defending champions of the competition were allowed to participate. However, this was changed in 1997 to allow the runners-up of the stronger leagues to compete as well, and again in 1999 when third and fourth-placed teams of the said leagues also became eligible. In the Champions League era, the defending champions of the competition did not automatically qualify until the rules were changed in 2005 to allow title holders Liverpool to enter the competition.

Teams that have won the UEFA Champions League three consecutive times, or five times overall, receive a multiple-winner badge. Six teams have earned this privilege: Real Madrid, Ajax, Bayern Munich, Milan, Liverpool, and Barcelona. Until 2009, clubs that had earned that badge were allowed to keep the European Champion Clubs' Cup and a new one was commissioned; since 2009, the winning team each year has received a full-size replica of the trophy, while the original is retained by UEFA.

A total of 22 clubs have won the Champions League/European Cup. Real Madrid hold the record for the most victories, having won the competition fourteen times, including the inaugural edition. They have also won the competition the most consecutive times, with five straight titles from 1956 to 1960. Juventus have been runners-up the most times, losing seven finals. Atlético Madrid is the only team to reach three finals without having won the trophy while Reims and Valencia have finished as runners-up twice without winning. Spain has provided the most champions, with nineteen wins from two clubs. England have produced fourteen winners from five clubs and Italy have produced twelve winners from three clubs. English teams were banned from the competition for five years following the Heysel disaster in 1985. The current champions are Real Madrid, who beat Liverpool 1–0 in the 2022 final for a record-extending fourteenth title.
Response: Real Madrid has won 14 of UEFA Champions League titles, make it the club that has won the most number of the tile, among all European clubs.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is constitution?
Response: A constitution is the aggregate of fundamental principles or established precedents that constitute the legal basis of a polity, organisation or other type of entity and commonly determine how that entity is to be governed
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What caused the unprecedented five-game winning streak?
Context: Richmond enjoys an unprecedented five-game winning streak with Zava on the team, culminating in a win away at Old Trafford against Manchester United. Sam takes the team to celebrate at his yet-to-open Nigerian restaurant, Ola's. Ted is disturbed to learn that his ex-wife Michelle is dating their former couple's therapist, Dr. Jacob; both Sharon and Sassy validate his concern that it is an ethical violation. Jamie feels overshadowed by Zava's stardom; Roy offers to train him. Rebecca visits her mother's psychic Tish, who tells her she will one day be a mother; Rebecca angrily rebuffs Tish as a fraud, but is later stunned when Sam hands her one of the green matchbooks he is giving out to the team, in line with one of Tish's premonitions. Colin introduces his boyfriend Michael to the team as just a friend, but Trent spots them kissing in private while leaving the restaurant.
Response: While we don't know exactly what caused the winning streak, it seems clear that a key part of the winning streak was related to Zava being on the team. We know that Jamie is overshadowed by Zava's stardom which tells us that Zava is a star, and we see that Zava was mentioned in relation to the winning streak. Therefore, we can guess that Zava joining the team helped the team to go on a five-game winning streak.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where did Christopher Columbus sail his ship when he discovered America?
Response: San Salvador
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either a type of donut or a fruit candy brand: old-fashioned, Skittles, Mamba, maple bar, sprinkles, raised, Starburst, cruller, bear claw, apple fritter, Airheads
Response: Donut: old-fashioned, maple bar, sprinkles, raised, cruller, bear claw, apple fritter
Fruit candy brand: Skittles, Mamba, Starburst, Airheads
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: In what month did Jens Stub die?
Context: Jens Stub (3 March 1764 – 24 October 1819) was a Norwegian priest and politician. He was vicar on the island of Veøya and served as a representative at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814.
Response: Jens Stub died in October.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the best cell phone brands besides Apple
Response: Samsung, Google, Nokia, Nextel