fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How should I go about planning a trip to Europe?
Response: Planning a trip to Europe is similar to planning any travel in some ways but quite different in others. This is because Europe is a diverse continent made up of countries each with their unique culture, geography and climate. Moreover, every country has something unique to offer by way of things to do. Therefore, while planning your trip to Europe, first consider what kind of experience you want, for example, whether you want a more modern holiday or a rustic vacation, whether you want to spend time on the beach or rather partake in winter sports or activities. Consider also whether you like warmer climates or enjoy winter weather. Once you have established that, consider your budget and for how any days you can travel. After you decide on all those parameters, you can create your travel itinerary and either do your travel booking yourself or approach a travel agent to do it for you.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best season to re-seed your lawn on north east region of USA?
Response: The best season to plant grass seeds is early fall before the soil temperature drops below zero degrees. It will take a few weeks for the new seeds to take root before winter comes. Then when spring comes, the grass will resume growth and become strong enough to sustain the high temperature in the summer. Spring time is actually not a good season to plant, because the grass will not have enough time to grow before harsh summer comes along.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who was Raghib Pasha?
Context: Isma'il ibn Ahmad ibn Hassan bani Yani (Arabic: إسماعيل بن أحمد بن حسن بني يني), known simply as Isma'il Ragheb Pasha (Arabic: إسماعيل راغب باشا) (1819–1884), was a Greek Ottoman politician who served as a Prime Minister of Egypt and held several other high-ranking government positions.

Isma'il Ragheb was of Greek ancestry and was born in Greece on 18 August 1819 on either the island of Chios following the great massacre of Candia, Crete. After being kidnapped to Anatolia he was brought to Egypt as a slave by Ibrahim Pasha in 1830 and was converted to Islam. Immediately following his arrival, he studied at al-Maktab al-Amiri and obtained his advanced degree in 1834. He was fluent in Greek and was elevated to the rank of First Lieutenant by Egypt's viceroy Muhammad Ali Pasha. In 1836, he became head of the Accounting and Revenue Agencies. He was promoted to the rank of bikbashi (Lieutenant Colonel) in 1840, then kaymakam (Colonel) in 1844, and finally amiralay (Brigadier General) in 1846.[citation needed]

He held the positions of Minister of Finance (1858–1860), then Minister of War (1860–1861).[citation needed] He became Inspector for the Maritime Provinces in 1862, and later Assistant (Arabic: باشمعاون) to viceroy Isma'il Pasha (1863–1865). He was granted the title of beylerbey and then appointed President of the Privy council in 1868. He was appointed President of the Chamber of Deputies (1866–1867), then Minister of Interior in 1867, then Minister of Agriculture and Trade in 1875.[citation needed] He again held the Finance portfolio in Muhammad Sharif Pasha's first government (1879). After the fall of Mahmoud Sami el-Baroudi's government, Isma'il Ragheb became Prime Minister of Egypt in 1882.[citation needed] Although his government was short-lived (it lasted from 17 June to 21 August only), it was the only one to present concrete programs. His achievements include the modernisation of the budget through the inventory of revenues and expenses, the Law on Salaries, and the La'eha Sa'ideyya as well as several agricultural laws.[citation needed]

Isma'il Ragheb died in 1884.[citation needed]
Response: Raghib Pasha was a Greek Ottoman politician who served in various roles in Egypt during the mid to late 1800s, including Prime Minister of Egypt for a brief period.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which of these US Presidents was Republican or Democrat: Dwight Eisenhower, John Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter
Response: Dwight Eisenhower - Republican
John Kennedy - Democrat
Lyndon Johnson - Democrat
Richard Nixon - Republican
Gerald Ford - Republican
Jimmy Carter - Democrat
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some movie/tv series to learn English
Response: There are several tv series that can be used to learn English. 

1. "Friends" is an American television sitcom that lasts ten seasons from Sep 22, 1994 to May 6, 2004. The show revolves around six friends in their 20s and 30s who live in Manhattan, New York City. The language used in Friends is casual and not challenging to understand. Watching Friends to learn English will help you to build up your vocabulary. 

2. "The Big Bang Theory" is an American television sitcom about two physicists at Caltech who share an apartment and their friends. The show has some challenging English word that requires some domain knowledge to understand. This show is recommended to people who have an intermediate English level.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are recommendations for some European cities to visit.
Response: Berlin, Amsterdam and Vienna are all considered great European vacation spots to visit.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these are cities in India: Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur, Sydney, New Delhi, Kolkota
Response: Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, New Delhi, Kolkota
Category: general_qa
Instruction: why is Mahatma Gandhi loved by everyone?
Response: Mahatma Gandhi preached non-cooperation using non-violent methods as a way to win against the oppressive rulers without resorting to guns.  This is difficult to do and requires public's cooperation.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: When did Singapore gain independence, and who was the first President?
Context: After being expelled from Malaysia, Singapore became independent as the Republic of Singapore on 9 August 1965, with Lee Kuan Yew and Yusof bin Ishak as the first prime minister and president respectively. In 1967, the country co-founded the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Race riots broke out once more in 1969. Lee Kuan Yew's emphasis on rapid economic growth, support for business entrepreneurship, and limitations on internal democracy shaped Singapore's policies for the next half-century. Economic growth continued throughout the 1980s, with the unemployment rate falling to 3% and real GDP growth averaging at about 8% up until 1999. During the 1980s, Singapore began to shift towards high-tech industries, such as the wafer fabrication sector, in order to remain competitive as neighbouring countries began manufacturing with cheaper labour. Singapore Changi Airport was opened in 1981 and Singapore Airlines was formed. The Port of Singapore became one of the world's busiest ports and the service and tourism industries also grew immensely during this period.
Response: Singapore became independent on 9 August 1965, and the first president was Yusof bin Ishak.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Extract the current cash rate from the following using the format: {x} percent

At its meeting today, the Board decided to increase the cash rate target by 25 basis points to 3.60 per cent. It also increased the interest rate on Exchange Settlement balances by 25 basis points to 3.50 per cent.
Global inflation remains very high. In headline terms it is moderating, although services price inflation remains elevated in many economies. It will be some time before inflation is back to target rates. The outlook for the global economy remains subdued, with below average growth expected this year and next.
The monthly CPI indicator suggests that inflation has peaked in Australia. Goods price inflation is expected to moderate over the months ahead due to both global developments and softer demand in Australia. Services price inflation remains high, with strong demand for some services over the summer. Rents are increasing at the fastest rate in some years, with vacancy rates low in many parts of the country. The central forecast is for inflation to decline this year and next, to be around 3 per cent in mid-2025. Medium-term inflation expectations remain well anchored, and it is important that this remains the case.
Growth in the Australian economy has slowed, with GDP increasing by 0.5 per cent in the December quarter and 2.7 per cent over the year. Growth over the next couple of years is expected to be below trend. Household consumption growth has slowed due to the tighter financial conditions and the outlook for housing construction has softened. In contrast, the outlook for business investment remains positive, with many businesses operating at a very high level of capacity utilisation.
Response: 3.60 percent
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are four reasons why you have a car on your front lawn?
Response: 1. I ran out of parking in my driveway
2. The car drips oil and the grass absorbs the oil better than the concrete driveway
3. It dropped from the sky and I don't have the money to get it removed
4. My wife often kicks me out of the house and I use it to sleep in
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How many Silver Star awards did James Frederick Moriarty receive?
Context: James Frederick Moriarty (May 8, 1896 – January 30, 1981) was a highly decorated officer in the United States Marine Corps with the rank of brigadier general. A veteran of World War I, he distinguished himself several times as a company officer with the 6th Machine Gun Battalion and received four awards of the Silver Star.
Response: James Frederick Moriarty received four awards of the Silver Star
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What kind of dog breed do you get when you mate a poodle with an old english sheep dog?
Response: sheepadoodle
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How does screen printing work?
Response: Screen printing is also referred to as silk screen printing. It is essentially the process of printing an image or artwork onto a surface by pushing ink through a screen. The screens are pulled tight and held in a metal or wood frame. Much like a picture frame. Depending on the detail of the artwork, the screens can have different size weave. The weave is essentially how tight the screen is woven and how large the holes in the screen are. For more detailed designs, the screen used will be woven very close and tight so the holes are very small and let less ink through. This allows for very thin lines and detail. Each screen can print 1 color at a time. So, to print a design with multiple colors, there needs to be multiple screens. 1 screen per color. Many screen printing presses have large rotating arms that hold the screens. The arms rotate for each color to be printed individually.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the Father of Elizabeth II ?
Response: King George VI
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How to find the area of a rectangle?
Response: A rectangle is a closed two dimensional quadrilateral structure with four right angles (90 degrees).  Opposite sides of a rectangle are parallel and of equal length. Usually, the length of longer sides is called length of a rectangle and the length of shorter sides is called width/breadth of a rectangle.
Area of the rectangle is calculated by multiplying the length and width of the rectangle. For example, If the length of the rectangle is l and the width of the rectangle is w then area of the rectangle = (l x w).
If all sides of a rectangle are of equal length then it is called a square. Thus, square is a special case of a rectangle.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about the Driftwood River, tell me what main river it is part of.
Context: The Driftwood River is a 15.5-mile-long (24.9 km) tributary of the East Fork of the White River in central Indiana in the United States. Via the White, Wabash and Ohio rivers, it is part of the watershed of the Mississippi River. It is a short river, formed by the confluence of two longer streams a short distance upstream of its mouth.

Course
The Driftwood River is formed in southeastern Johnson County, 1 mile (1.6 km) west of Edinburgh, by the confluence of Sugar Creek and the Big Blue River. It flows generally southwardly through northwestern Bartholomew County to Columbus, where it joins the Flatrock River to form the East Fork of the White River.

Near Edinburgh, IN, Driftwood River has a mean annual discharge of 1,210 cubic feet per second.[
Response: The Driftwood River is part of the Mississippi River.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the description of wakesurfing, what is needed to generate the wave?
Context: Wakesurfing is a water sport in which a rider trails behind a boat, riding the boat's wake without being directly pulled by the boat. After getting up on the wake, typically by use of a tow rope, the wakesurfers will drop the rope, and ride the steep face below the wave's peak in a fashion reminiscent of surfing. Wakesurfers generally use special boards, designed specifically for wakes.
Response: a boat
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is rain good for?
Response: Rain comes from the sky by ocean and land water evaporating into the clouds.  When these nimbus clouds move to land, and the the rain in them is gets too heavy the rain will fall to the ground.  Rain is needed for humans, animals, and plants.  Purified rain water helps humans to stay hydrated, animals to grow, and plants to grow to make food for humans and animals.  Rain also helps with cleaning out pollution from the air because pollution particles stick to the rain and then it falls to the ground.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some tips on how to train for a marathon.
Response: - Come up with a training plan
- Plan for 3-5 months of training
- Increase your daily mileage gradually
- Increase your weekly mileage gradually
- Have a mix of speedwork and endurance work
- Include sessions to build strength
- Stretch before and after your runs
- Include rest days for recovery
- Pay attention to nutrition and hydration
- Pay attention to hydration
- Taper 2 weeks before the marathon
- Go for it, good luck on race day!
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is British or American: Lotus, Lincoln
Response: Lotus is British, Lincoln is American
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is an API endpoint?
Context: Endpoints are important aspects of interacting with server-side web APIs, as they specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software. Usually the access is via a URI to which HTTP requests are posted, and from which the response is thus expected. Web APIs may be public or private, the latter of which requires an access token.

Endpoints need to be static, otherwise the correct functioning of software that interacts with it cannot be guaranteed. If the location of a resource changes (and with it the endpoint) then previously written software will break, as the required resource can no longer be found at the same place. As API providers still want to update their web APIs, many have introduced a versioning system in the URI that points to an endpoint.
Response: Endpoints specify where resources lie that can be accessed by third party software. Clients use endpoints to interact with server-side web APIs.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are signs my partner is cheating?
Response: Turning off their shared location, changing the password on their phone, new interest in self care, unplanned business trips, spending lots of time on social media, pulling cash out of the Atm so their transactions are not traceable, turning phone off or not answering phone
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What is the best place to visit in India
Response: Sikim
Munnar
Ladakh
Jaipur
Alyppie
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the most famous left-handed baseball player?
Response: Babe Ruth
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Snow or Desert
Response: Desert, because snow will kill you instantly for a night
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What's it like to live in the belly of a whale?
Response: The giant whale that can swallow a human (Blue Whale) doesn't have teeth, so the experience was "painless." However, you would never understand how dark the darkness could be until you've been in the belly of a whale. Also, talk about being seasick. Everything inside sloshes around and smells terribly as it's slowly being digested. This only adds insult to injury when it comes to feeling nauseous.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What are the five boroughs of New York City?
Context: New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is composed of five boroughs: The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island. Each borough is coextensive with a respective county of New York State. The boroughs of Queens and the Bronx are also Queens County and Bronx County. The other three counties are named differently from their boroughs: Manhattan is New York County, Brooklyn is Kings County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.
Response: New York city is composed of five boroughs -- The Bronx, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens and Staten Island.  Each borough is also a respective county of the State of New York.  Queens is Queens County, and The Bronx is Bronx County.  The other three counties are named differently from their boroughs. Manhattan is New York County, Brooklyn is Kings County, and Staten Island is Richmond County.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List some of the historic Khals in A Song of Ice and Fire.
Response: Khal Mengo, Khal Horro, Khal Qano, Khal Zeggo, Khal Temmo
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some places to visit with a 8 year old kid
Response: Here are some places you can take a 8 year old kid
Zoos
Parks
Beaches
Aquarium
Museums
Short hiking trails
Amusement parks
Trampoline parks
Restaurants with indoor play area
Arcade
Lazer tag
Library
Bowling
Paint ball
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is AWS EKS?
Response: Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Service (Amazon EKS) is a managed Kubernetes service that makes it easy for you to run Kubernetes
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is Football a popular spectator sport?
Response: Football is an exciting game that is fun for people of all ages to enjoy.  Many fans of the game follow a team that is associated with a school or town/city.  Football is a fast moving game where players run, tackle, pass and kick a ball on a 100yd long grass or turf (fake grass) field.  Referees make sure players follow the rules and if not, they stop the game and penalize the team which committed a foul/penalty.  College football is very popular as well as professional football.  The NFL (National Football League) is the league with the best professional players.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why are Mothers good at multi-tasking?
Response: Being a mother is demanding.  You are responsible for many things, including but not limited to the safety of your child.  An infant is solely dependent on his/her mother.  A mothers job is to feed, bathe and make sure that the child is well taken care of.  In what we could call a normal household, the mother is responsible for the well being of their child until they become an adult at the age of 18.  During those 18 years, they take them to the doctors, make sure they attend school, participate in extracurricular activities, and be an active member of the community.  They say it takes a village to raise a child, but raising that child starts with being a good mother.  While they are doing all of this for their own child(ren) they are also taking care of themselves, their household, their spouse and in a lot of cases their own career.  In order to manage all of these things, you must be good at multi-tasking and juggling a lot of responsibilities at the same time.  This is why I believe mothers are good at multi-tasking.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dunun, Kanan
Response: Kanan is string, Dunun is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which NFL team has the most Super Bowl championship wins?
Response: The Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots are tied for the most Super Bowl championship wins. Both teams have won 6 Super Bowl championships. The Steelers were the first team to achieve this in 2008, while the Patriots earned their sixth championship win in 2018.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some movies that star Will Ferrell?
Response: Some of the most popular movies starring Will Ferrell include Old School, Stepbrothers, Elf, Anchorman, Stranger than Fiction, Blades of Glory, Zoolander, and Talladega Nights: The Ballad of Ricky Bobby.
Category: classification
Instruction: Are the these examples of deserts or desserts? Cake, pie, cookies, and ice cream.
Response: These four examples are desserts not deserts.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Which national park is hardest to visit?
Response: Its hard to say which national park is the most difficult to visit. There are numerous locations across multiple geographies including Guam, American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, Puerto Rico, The U.S Virgin Islands and the United States itself. Many national parks don't receive a lot of visitors because of their remote locations. Alaska contains many national parks that are hard to visit including: Kobuk Valley National Park, Katmai National Park and Preserve, And Gates of the Arctic. Gates of the Arctic National Park for example is the least visited overall park because its extremely remote and can only be reached by plane or on foot. Other National Parks like Isle Royale in Michigan or Dry Tortugas National Park in Florida are also hard to visit as they can only be reached by boat or seaplane and contain rugged terrain and sensitive reefs.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: List 10 best switch games of all time.
Response: According to the metacritic website, the top 10 switch games of all time are:

1. The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild
2. Super Mario Odyssey
3. Portal Companion Collection
4. The House in Fata Morgana - Dreams of the Revenants Edition
5. Tetris Effect: Connected
6. Metroid Prime Remastered
7. Persona 5 Royal
8. Hades
9. Divinity: Original Sin II - Definitive Edition
10. Ori and the Will of the Wisps

The top 10 lists from other websites may vary.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who was the most popular musical artist in the 1980s?
Response: Michael Jackson was the number one selling musical artist in the 1980s.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me about the various road types in USA?
Response: The public road system in United States of America is primarily made up of Highways and Local Roads. The United States Department of Transportation's Federal Highway Administration (FWHA) classifies roads based on functions which are created based on attributes such as speed limits, route length and spacing. Based on the road functions we can categorize roads into the following categories.
1. Interstates and Arterial System
2. Other Arterials
3. Collectors
4. Locals

The interstate system is the at the top of road function classification system. They include Highways and Freeways with the highest speed limits and which allow for long distance travel without a lot of interruption. They are constructed using precise standards, signage and with safety considerations. They are also sometimes referred to as Arterial roads as they provide vital connectivity across regions in America. Interstate 95 or I-95 is an example of one such highway in the east coast of the United States which runs from Florida to Maine. The Principal Arterial system also comprises of U.S. Highways, which provide connectivity across regions which do not have an Interstate to support travel.

Other Arterials also include freeways and highways which supplement the Interstate system explained above. They have a slightly lesser speed limits. They typically connect cities and urban areas. Consider them as being minor highways. As an example, North Carolina Highway 55 (NC-55) is a primary state highway artery connecting multiple regional and urban areas in the state of North Carolina.

Collectors are critical for connecting urban population using local roads with the Interstate highways where applicable. They have more interruptions and are shorter in lengths. They also have lesser speed limits (30-35 mph). These can comprise of State highways which connect local roads with the Arterial highways.

Finally local roads provide connectivity between communities, regions, farms and other local areas. They form the lion's share of the United States road system.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me some ideas of kids items to stuff into Easter eggs.
Response: Here are some kids items that you might consider for your next Easter egg hunt: stickers, playdoh, bouncy balls, bubbles, coins, special rocks or gems, candy, other small toys
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this paragraph from Wikipedia, where was Jerry Garcia born, how many fingers did he have, and where did he attend college?
Context: Jerry Garcia was born August 1, 1942, in San Francisco, California. His father was Jose Ramon Garcia, a Spanish immigrant. His mother, Ruth Marie Clifford, named him after her favorite composer, Jerome Kern. His father was a jazz musician who bought a bar. As a child Garcia took piano lessons. When he was four he lost part of a finger chopping wood. A year later his father drowned. When his mother took over the bar, Garcia went to live with his grandparents. They introduced him to the Grand Ole Opry. This along with his brother's collection of Chuck Berry records gave him an interest in country music. In 1953 his mother remarried and Garcia moved back with her. Garcia attended several different schools in and around San Francisco. But he had little interest in school until 1957 when he attended the California School of Fine Arts (now the San Francisco Art Institute). At age 15 his mother gave him a guitar. In high school he played in several bands. At age 17 he quit school. He joined the Army in 1960 but was given a general discharge a few months later.
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Garcia
Response: Based on this paragraph, Jerry Garcia was born in San Francisco, had nine fingers and he quit school at age 17 before attending college.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract from the following passage two key uses of electricity in modern technology.
Context: Electricity is the set of physical phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge. Electricity is related to magnetism, both being part of the phenomenon of electromagnetism, as described by Maxwell's equations. Various common phenomena are related to electricity, including lightning, static electricity, electric heating, electric discharges and many others.
The presence of either a positive or negative electric charge produces an electric field. The movement of electric charges is an electric current and produces a magnetic field. In most applications, a force acts on a charge with a magnitude given by Coulomb's law. Electric potential is typically measured in volts.
Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Electrical phenomena have been studied since antiquity, though progress in theoretical understanding remained slow until the 17th and 18th centuries. The theory of electromagnetism was developed in the 19th century, and by the end of that century electricity was being put to industrial and residential use by electrical engineers. The rapid expansion in electrical technology at this time transformed industry and society, becoming a driving force for the Second Industrial Revolution. Electricity's extraordinary versatility means it can be put to an almost limitless set of applications which include transport, heating, lighting, communications, and computation. Electrical power is now the backbone of modern industrial society.
Response: Electricity is at the heart of many modern technologies, being used for:
a. Electric power where electric current is used to energise equipment;
b. Electronics which deals with electrical circuits that involve active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies.
Category: classification
Instruction: I’m walking to work and I’d like to carry helpful things in my backpack for a big presentation. Which of these should I pack: rotary telephone, eighty inch monitor, laptop,  notepad, beer keg, pen.
Response: The laptop, notepad, and pen might be helpful in order to retrieve and share content or take notes during the presentation. The eighty inch monitor won’t fit in a backpack, although it might be helpful if they have one at your presentation. The beer keg and rotary telephone probably won’t be necessary for a presentation.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are space objects affected by planets? If so, why?
Response: Planets can impact the trajectory of objects in space, because they are pulled by the planet's gravity.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Bendir, Rabel
Response: Rabel is string, Bendir is percussion.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Imagine you are part of the city government responsible for urban planning. Write a letter to address the biggest ethical obligation behind a LASER-like system.
Response: As a division in charge of urban planning for the City of Los Angeles, we are obligated to ensure that the LASER system delivers sustainable and equitable improvements for our neighborhoods, especially the socially marginalized ones. To that end, we need LASER to generate outputs that would not target racial groups – African American communities, for example – and in turn aggravate the pre-existing police harassment in those regions. Yet, there exists no possible source of data inputs for LASER to achieve such goal. The algorithm has been historically accused of racial profiling despite not using race as a predictor for criminal tendencies. However, our society is fraught with deep-rooted racism such that data points themselves bear the mark of discriminatory ideology and practices. For instance, gang membership as a predictor in LASER essentially serves as a proxy for race. Gangs in African American communities arose as a result of economic deprivation, resource insufficiency, as well as police harassment – phenomena with roots that can be  easily traced back to age-old racial segregation. Similarly, criminal records hold the vestiges of the New Jim Crow. Therefore, using gang activity and past arrests as predictors in the LASER system only generate outputs with heavy racial connotations, which in turn reinforce and reify historical biases.

Notwithstanding the problematic algorithm, we do not need to cast away the system entirely. When LASER points to places of deep-rooted discrimination and deprivation, we should mend but not aggravate. Instead of composing chronic offender bulletins, we can treat the LASER outputs as agenda for our next social welfare and infrastructure construction projects – where do we need to build more schools and hospitals? Where should the money go to create more job opportunities? Where do we need to address the problem of police misconduct and rebuild the relationship between people and law enforcement? If we cannot fix a “bias in, bias out” algorithm, we can at least attend to the information it has generated and figure out where the biases have wreaked havoc and taken a heavy toll. We can then redistribute resources and fundings accordingly so that the historically deprived neighborhoods have the chance to flourish. In doing so, we can achieve both sustainability and equity. We can expect the crime rates to go down when the neighborhood achieves economic growth and employment, and such crime reduction is sustainable, unlike the original LASER system that continues to discriminate and deprive.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who are the Dawoodi Bohras?
Response: The Dawoodi Bohras are a modern religious group within the Ismaili Shia Sect of Shia Islam. They originate from Egypt tracing their lineage to The Fatimid Empire. Dawoodi Bohras are usually known for their trading policies, business acumen & entrepreneurship & believe in becoming Self-reliant. The word "Bohra" in Gujarati means "to trade" hence most of them prefers to do businesses & are quite involved in Software, Iron or Metal trading majorly.

From a religious perspective, They usually follow seven pillars of Islam (Walayah, Taharah, Salat, Zakah, Sawm, Hajj & Jihad) instead of Five. They're also quite active in Muharram-al-Haram performing the Mourning of Husayn ibn Ali & Ahl-al-Bayt and the day of the Ashura. They have an annual event of "Ashara Mubaraka" where they gather from across the world at a chosen place to perform the Mourning & doing community services. They're also very active in Ramadan & other months to celebrate Eid-al-Fitr, Eid-al-Adha, Eid-al-Ghadir etc. 

At present their current leader & Dai-al-Mutlaq is His Holiness Syedna Mufaddal Saifuddin who resides in Saifee Mahal, Mumbai, India. To know more about this community, I would suggest to read "Mullahs on the Mainframe: Islam and Modernity among the Daudi Bohras" by Jonah Blank published first in 2001.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Economics?
Context: Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behaviour and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. Microeconomics analyzes what's viewed as basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers. Macroeconomics analyzes the economy as a system where production, consumption, saving, and investment interact, and factors affecting it: employment of the resources of labour, capital, and land, currency inflation, economic growth, and public policies that have impact on these elements.
Response: Economics allows us to understand resources, production of goods and services, growth over time and other issues that impact society.  Microeconomics is the study of individual agents such as buyers, sellers and households.  Macroeconomics studies the economy as a whole system and the factors that affect it.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How do you do a shuffle ball change tap move?
Response: First, shuffle with your right foot, step back with on to the ball of your right foot.  Next, stomp with your whole left foot.  Repeat.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Are plastic bags and containers bad for the environment?
Response: In short, yes.

Surprisingly, though, that has not always been the consensus, and in some cases, it is not true.

In the 1970s energy crisis, reducing the weight of materials, and increasing the shelf life of goods (which helps with optimizing transportation methods) were widely lauded as environmentally positive. In short, paper bags weigh more than plastic bags, and transportation requires fossil fuels, and of course fossil fuels impact the environment in widely documented ways.

Also, some plastics like PET have great recycling track records. So if it reduces energy consumption, increases shelf life, and can be recycled it seems like a huge environmental win.

However, plastics are very durable, and now micro-plastics are everywhere. They are in the deepest ocean trenches, accumulated in many species of animals and plants, and will be for our lifetimes. Their toxicity and negative impacts are just beginning to be understood. This has driven the removal of "single use plastics" from a lot of commerce, with further reductions called for by environmental groups worldwide.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What started World War 1?
Response: Many historians consider the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria the start of World War 1. Soon after the assassination Austria declared war on Serbia. Within four weeks their allies declared war on one another.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the sport of Ultimate?
Response: Ultimate, originally known as ultimate frisbee, is a non-contact team sport played with a disc flung by hand. Ultimate was developed in 1968 by AJ Gator in Maplewood, New Jersey. Although ultimate resembles many traditional sports in its athletic requirements, it is unlike most sports due to its focus on self-officiating, even at the highest levels of competition. The term "frisbee" is a registered trademark of the Wham-O toy company, and thus the sport is not formally called "ultimate Frisbee", though this name is still in common casual use. Points are scored by passing the disc to a teammate in the opposing end zone. Other basic rules are that players must not take steps while holding the disc, and interceptions, incomplete passes, and passes out of bounds are turnovers. Rain, wind, or occasionally other adversities can make for a testing match with rapid turnovers, heightening the pressure of play.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How object-oriented programming is different from functional programming?
Response: Functional programming focuses on functions, whereas object-oriented programming focuses on classes and respective objects.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What factors should I considering when selecting a tennis racquet?
Response: There are a series of factors when considering to purchase a tennis racquets.  Primary factors include head size, length, weight, stiffness, and swingweight  

Head size - Power is closely correlated to head size - the larger the head size, the more power can be generated, all other factors being equal.  A larger head size also provides larger hitting area and 'sweetspot'.  Smaller head sizes tend to equate to more control and maneuverability. 

Length - The standard length is a 27 inches, but can range from 26.5 inches to 29 inches.  A longer racquets provides more reach and often results in more power.  Similar to head size, longer racquets may limit maneuverability and control. 

Weight - The heavier the racquet, the more power you will generate (increasing the 'swingweight') of the racquet.  The lighter the racquet, the more maneuverable and easier it will be for players to get the racket to the right swing position.  The balance of the racquet is also critical as part of weight.  A more head light racket (more weight in the handle) provides increased maneuverability, especially when using a heavier racquet. A more balanced or head heavy racket are often reserved for lighter racquets to maintain the mass behind the ball

Stiffness - Generally speaking, the stiffer the racket, the less energy is lost as the ball is redirected with your racquet and thus, creating more power.  More flexible racquets allow for more feel and control.  Flexible racquets provide more comfort as less shock and impact is transferred to the arm and elbow.

Swingweight - Swingweight measures how heavy a racquet feels when you swing it and the amount of power you can transfer to the ball.  Higher swingweight will also provide more stability in the racquet but will sacrifice maneuverability.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me six examples of common productivity myths.
Response: - Waking up early will make you more productive
- Everyone has "the same" 24 hours each day in which to be productive
- Being busy means being productive
- Multi-tasking and task shifting will allow you to be more productive
- If you're happy with your work, you will be more productive
- Hard work inevitably leads to productivity
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What tools do people use to communicate in 2023?
Response: There are many tools people use to communicate in 2023.  Email, phone, text message, and direct message on social media platforms are some of the most common; however, people still write letters and send post cards to one another at times as they have for generations.  Another form of communication is in-person communication where groups of people will get together and communicate on a given topic.  This could be at work in a meeting or a group of friends getting together for dinner to catch up.  This form of communication requires no other tools than one's own voice.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Ideas to keep kids occupied for Spring break?
Response: 1. Take them to a movie 
2. Go to the mountains
3. Practice maths
Category: summarization
Instruction: List me some details regarding carreer of lawyer Harry L. Shorstein
Context: Harry L. Shorstein (born August 3, 1940) is an American lawyer who served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, covering Duval, Clay and Nassau counties, from 1991–2008. A member of the Democratic Party, he was appointed to the post in 1991 by Governor Lawton Chiles to fill the remaining term of Ed Austin, who resigned to successfully run for mayor of Jacksonville. He was elected to a full term in 1992, re-elected in 1996, and ran unopposed in 2000 and 2004. At a February 6, 2007 news conference, the 66-year-old lawyer announced that he would not run for re-election in 2008. He subsequently returned to private practice, and was succeeded as State Attorney by Angela Corey.
Response: 1. From 1991 to 2008, Harry L. Shorstein, an American attorney who was born on August 3, 1940, served as State Attorney for Florida's Fourth Judicial Circuit Court, which includes Duval, Clay, and Nassau counties.
2. A Democrat, he was chosen by Governor Lawton Chiles to serve Ed Austin's unexpired term after the latter resigned to run successfully for mayor of Jacksonville.
3. He won re-election to a full term in 1992, was unchallenged in 2000 and 2004 and was re-elected in 1996.
4. The 66-year-old attorney declared he would not seek re-election in 2008 at a news conference on February 6, 2007.
5. He later went back to private practice, and Angela Corey took over as state attorney.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which American president spoke Dutch as their first language?
Context: Van Buren received a basic education at the village schoolhouse, and briefly studied Latin at the Kinderhook Academy and at Washington Seminary in Claverack. Van Buren was raised speaking primarily Dutch and learned English while attending school; he is the only president of the United States whose first language was not English. Also during his childhood, Van Buren learned at his father's inn how to interact with people from varied ethnic, income, and societal groups, which he used to his advantage as a political organizer. His formal education ended in 1796, when he began reading law at the office of Peter Silvester and his son Francis.
Response: President Van Buren spoke Dutch as his first language. He is the only president of the United States of America who spoke English as a second language.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Describe the following poem: 

Two roads diverged in a yellow wood, 
And sorry I could not travel both 
And be one traveler, long I stood 
And looked down one as far as I could 
To where it bent in the undergrowth; 

Then took the other, as just as fair, 
And having perhaps the better claim 
Because it was grassy and wanted wear, 
Though as for that the passing there 
Had worn them really about the same, 

And both that morning equally lay 
In leaves no step had trodden black. 
Oh, I kept the first for another day! 
Yet knowing how way leads on to way 
I doubted if I should ever come back. 

I shall be telling this with a sigh 
Somewhere ages and ages hence: 
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I, 
I took the one less traveled by, 
And that has made all the difference.
Response: That poem is “The Road Not Taken” by Robert Frost. It describes a traveler walking in the woods who encounters two paths, one worn down from use and one that appears less travelled. The poem can be interpreted as an analogy for making decisions in life, where one choice is following a crowd and one is more individualistic. The author notes that this is a challenging choice but well worth it to be your own person by following the road not taken.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Chenda, Suroz
Response: Suroz is string, Chenda is percussion.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which continent does the following countries belong to: USA, Sweden, China, Taiwan, Japan, Germany, Great Britain, Canada, Peru, Chile
Response: USA belongs to the continent North America, Sweden belongs to the continent Europe, China belongs to the. continent Asia, Taiwan belongs to the continent Asia, Japan is in Asia, Germany is in Europe, Great Britain is in Europe, Canada resides in the continent North America, Peru resides in the continent South America Chile is in South America.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name the top 10 greatest rapper of all time
Response: From Billboard's perspective in 2023, the top 10 greatest rappers of all time, as of today, are the following : 
- JAY-Z
- Kendrick Lamar
- Nas
- Tupac Shakur
- Eminem 
- The Notorious BIG
- Lil Wayne
- Drake
- Snoop Dog
- Nicki Minaj
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are some areas that firefighters can safely stay in while fighting a wildfire?
Context: Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States.

Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire.

The result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.
Response: Firefighters can use burnt areas, car parks and sports areas to stay safe during a wildfire