fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please give me a summary of the meaning of a derivative.
Context: In mathematics, the derivative of a function of a real variable measures the sensitivity to change of the function value (output value) with respect to a change in its argument (input value). Derivatives are a fundamental tool of calculus. For example, the derivative of the position of a moving object with respect to time is the object's velocity: this measures how quickly the position of the object changes when time advances.

The derivative of a function of a single variable at a chosen input value, when it exists, is the slope of the tangent line to the graph of the function at that point. The tangent line is the best linear approximation of the function near that input value. For this reason, the derivative is often described as the "instantaneous rate of change", the ratio of the instantaneous change in the dependent variable to that of the independent variable.

Derivatives can be generalized to functions of several real variables. In this generalization, the derivative is reinterpreted as a linear transformation whose graph is (after an appropriate translation) the best linear approximation to the graph of the original function. The Jacobian matrix is the matrix that represents this linear transformation with respect to the basis given by the choice of independent and dependent variables. It can be calculated in terms of the partial derivatives with respect to the independent variables. For a real-valued function of several variables, the Jacobian matrix reduces to the gradient vector.

The process of finding a derivative is called differentiation. The reverse process is called antidifferentiation. The fundamental theorem of calculus relates antidifferentiation with integration. Differentiation and integration constitute the two fundamental operations in single-variable calculus.
Response: A derivative is a function that measures the sensitivity to change a functions output based on changes to the input. For example, how quickly the position of an object moves over a defined time period (i.e., the derivative of the position with respect to time) is the object's velocity.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the below text extract the year and list all movies released in that year separated by a comma in the form {Year} - {all movies released in that year} and show this as a bullet list
Context: Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the 1980s, with films such as Ek Duuje Ke Liye (1981), Disco Dancer (1982), Himmatwala (1983), Tohfa (1984), Naam (1986), Mr India (1987), and Tezaab (1988).

In the late 1980s,[timeframe?] Hindi cinema experienced another period of stagnation, with a decline in box office turnout, due to increasing violence, decline in musical melodic quality, and rise in video piracy, leading to middle-class family audiences abandoning theatres. The turning point came with Indian blockbuster Disco Dancer (1982) which began the era of disco music in Indian cinema. Lead actor Mithun Chakraborty and music director Bappi Lahiri had the highest number of mainstream Indian hit movies that decade. At the end of the decade, Yash Chopra's Chandni (1989) created a new formula for Bollywood musical romance films, reviving the genre and defining Hindi cinema in the years that followed. Commercial Hindi cinema grew in the late 1980s and 1990s, with the release of Mr. India (1987), Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak (1988), Chaalbaaz (1989), Maine Pyar Kiya (1989), Lamhe (1991), Saajan (1991), Khuda Gawah (1992), Khalnayak (1993), Darr (1993), Hum Aapke Hain Koun..! (1994), Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Dil To Pagal Hai (1997), Pyar Kiya Toh Darna Kya (1998) and Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998). Cult classic Bandit Queen (1994) directed by Shekhar Kapur received international recognition and controversy.
Response: Here are the years and the movies released in that year from the given text:
1981 - Ek Duuje Ke Liye
1982 - Disco Dancer 
1983 - Himmatwala
1984 - Tohfa
1986 - Naam
1987 - Mr India
1988 - Tezaab, Qayamat Se Qayamat Tak, 
1989 - Chandni, Chaalbaaz, Maine Pyar Kiya
1991 - Lamhe, Saajan
1992 - Khuda Gawah
1993 - Khalnayak, Darr
1994 - Hum Aapke Hain Koun..!, Bandit Queen
1995 - Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge
1997 - Dil To Pagal Hai
1998 - Pyar Kiya Toh Darna Kya, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Are large language models actually smart like humans?
Response: Large language models (LLMs) can give the appearance that they are very human like in our interactions with them.  This is because they can respond to our answers the way a human would respond.  Large language models under the hood are very good at pattern recognition.  They are training on vasts amounts of data from the internet and have billions of machine learning parameters that can be tuned.  These models can even be customized or trained on a set of data that is industry specific to be able to provide industry specific answers to industry specific questions.  They work by taking the user prompt and converting it into a pattern, and then it looks across all the different patterns the LLM has been trained on and when it finds a match it returns it to the end user.  It is important to note that large language models at this moment are not humans, do not exhibit human behavior, and are incapable of feeling human emotion and making decisions based on this.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the best-selling single worldwide?
Context: According to Guinness World Records, Irving Berlin's "White Christmas" (1942) as performed by Bing Crosby is the best-selling single worldwide, with estimated sales of over 50 million copies. The song, recognized as "the best-selling single of all time", was released before the pop/rock singles-chart era and "was listed as the world's best-selling single in the first-ever Guinness Book of Records (published in 1955) and—remarkably—still retains the title more than 50 years later".
Response: The best-selling single worldwide, according to Guinness World Records, is Irving Berlin's "White Christmas", which was performed by Bing Crosby in 1942 with over 50 million copies sold.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Does structured streaming support joins?
Response: Yes, joins are a feature supported by Apache Spark's Structured Streaming engine. The feature allows for joins between two streams of data, known as stream-stream joins. It is recommended to apply watermarking on the streams to avoid late data and ensure correctness. Stream-static joins are also supported and do not require watermarking to manage state.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What train is the GB Class 2
Context: GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway.

Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers.

The trams were ordered in 1941, and a single set of tram and trailer was delivered in May 1940. Not until 1947 were to additional trailers delivered. In 1950, the second motor was delivered from Siemens, and the first trailer could be rebuilt to a tram. The trams remained in service until 1973 when they were replaced by the TS Class 7 trams, following the merger of Graakalbanen into Trondheim Trafikkselskap, and the subsequent reorganizing of routes, so the Gråkallen Line was operated onwards along the Lademoen Line. No. 5 is preserved as a heritage tram at Trondheim Tramway Museum, while no. 6 was scrapped in 1983.
Response: The GB Class 2 was a series of two trams and two trailers built by Skabo Jernbanevognfabrikk for Graakalbanen of Trondheim, Norway.

Each of the four Siemens motors had an effect of 60 kW (80 hp). There were two compartments, both with four-abreast seating, with reversible seats. Despite running in part in city streets, the trams were 2.6 m (8 ft 6 in) wide. They had seating for 40 passengers.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: From this paragraph about Taylor Swift, how many AMAs has she won.
Context: Swift has won 12 Grammy Awards (including three for Album of the Year—tying for the most by an artist), an Emmy Award, 40 American Music Awards (the most won by an artist), 29 Billboard Music Awards (the most won by a woman), 92 Guinness World Records, 14 MTV Video Music Awards (including three Video of the Year wins—the most by an act), 12 Country Music Association Awards (including the Pinnacle Award), eight Academy of Country Music Awards, and two Brit Awards. As a songwriter, she has been honored by the Nashville Songwriters Association, the Songwriters Hall of Fame, and the National Music Publishers' Association and was the youngest person on Rolling Stone's list of the 100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time in 2015. At the 64th BMI Awards in 2016, Swift was the first woman to be honored with an award named after its recipient. In 2023, Swift became the first act to be named the global best-selling artist of the year by the International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) thrice.
Response: Taylor Swift has won 40 AMAs (American Music Awards).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are a few ways that I can keep my house cool when it is hot in the summer?
Response: Here are a few thoughts on how you could keep your house cool when it is hot in the summer. First, you could draw all of your blinds and shades and keep the house as dark as possible. Second, you could open the windows to let in a cool breeze if one is available. You could also turn on a fan to circulate the air. If these or a combination of these ideas are not working, then you could turn on the air conditioning.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, how many churches are in the The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland?
Context: The Association of Baptist Churches in Ireland (ABC, ABCi and ABCI) is a Baptist Christian denomination based in Ireland. It is a group of 117 autonomous Baptist churches working together in fellowship and evangelism, training and caring ministries. The association only acts on behalf of the churches for the work which the churches have agreed to do together.
Response: 117
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following literals as strings or ints: "a", "", "0", 0, 0xasdf, "0xasdf"
Response: In many programming languages, string literals are surrounded by double quotes. That means that "a", "", "0", and "0xasdf" are strings, while 0 and 0xasdf are int literals.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which car manufacturer is German or American: Artega, Brammo, Vaydor
Response: Brammo and Vaydor are American, Artega is German
Category: summarization
Instruction: From the given text, Provide some info regarding consistory
Context: In the Roman Catholic Church a consistory is a formal meeting of the College of Cardinals called by the pope. There are two kinds of consistories, extraordinary and ordinary. An "extraordinary" consistory is held to allow the pope to consult with the entire membership of the College of Cardinals. An "ordinary" consistory is ceremonial in nature and attended by cardinals resident in Rome. For example, the pope elevates new cardinals to the College at a consistory; Pope Francis has called consistories for ceremonies of canonization.
Response: 1. A consistory is a formal gathering of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church that is summoned by the pope.
2. Consistories come in two varieties: remarkable and ordinary.
3. The pope can consult with the full College of Cardinals by calling a "extraordinary" consistory.
4. Cardinals who live in Rome attend "ordinary" consistories, which are ceremonial in nature.
5. Pope Francis has convened consistories for canonization ceremonies, for instance, where he elevates new cardinals to the College of Cardinals.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference text about the Grateful Dead, tell me who their keyboard players were over the years.
Context: The Grateful Dead was founded in the San Francisco Bay Area amid the rise of the counterculture of the 1960s. The founding members were Jerry Garcia (lead guitar, vocals), Bob Weir (rhythm guitar, vocals), Ron "Pigpen" McKernan (keyboards, harmonica, vocals), Phil Lesh (bass, vocals), and Bill Kreutzmann (drums). Members of the Grateful Dead, originally known as the Warlocks, had played together in various Bay Area ensembles, including the traditional jug band Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Lesh was the last member to join the Warlocks before they changed their name to the Grateful Dead; replacing Dana Morgan Jr., who had played bass for a few gigs. Drummer Mickey Hart and non-performing lyricist Robert Hunter joined in 1967. With the exception of McKernan, who died in 1973, and Hart, who took time off from 1971 to 1974, the core of the band stayed together for its entire 30-year history. The other official members of the band are Tom Constanten (keyboards; 1968–1970), John Perry Barlow (non-performing lyricist; 1971–1995), Keith Godchaux (keyboards, occasional vocals; 1971–1979), Donna Godchaux (vocals; 1972–1979), Brent Mydland (keyboards, vocals; 1979–1990), and Vince Welnick (keyboards, vocals; 1990–1995). Bruce Hornsby (accordion, piano, vocals) was a touring member from 1990 to 1992, as well as a guest with the band on occasion before and after the tours.
Response: Ron "Pigpen" McKernan was the original keyboard player of the Grateful Dead. Others to play keyboards for the Grateful Dead include Tom Constanten, Keith Godchaux, Brent Mydland and Vince Welnick.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is SOAP?
Response: SOAP (formerly a backronym for Simple Object Access Protocol) is a messaging protocol specification for exchanging structured information in the implementation of web services in computer networks. It uses XML Information Set for its message format, and relies on application layer protocols, most often Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), although some legacy systems communicate over Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), for message negotiation and transmission.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: When do schools close and reopen from summer holidays in India?
Context: Schools and universities typically have a summer break to take advantage of the warmer weather and longer days. In almost all countries, children are out of school during this time of year for summer break, although dates vary. Many families will take holidays for a week or two over summer, particularly in Southern Hemisphere Western countries with statutory Christmas and New Year holidays.
In the United States, public schools usually end in late May in Memorial Day weekend, while colleges finish in early May. Public school traditionally resumes near Labor Day, while higher institutions often resume in mid-August.
In England and Wales, school ends in mid-July and resumes again in early September. In Scotland, the summer holiday begins in late June and ends in mid-to late-August. Similarly, in Canada the summer holiday starts on the last or second-last Friday in June and ends in late August or on the first Tuesday of September, with the exception of when that date falls before Labour Day, in which case, ends on the second Tuesday of the month. In Russia the summer holiday begins at the end of May and ends on 31 August.
In the Southern Hemisphere, school summer holiday dates include the major holidays of Christmas and New Year's Day. School summer holidays in Australia, New Zealand and South Africa begin in early December and end in early February, with dates varying between states. In South Africa, the new school year usually starts during the second week of January, thus aligning the academic year with the Calendar year. In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June. In Cameroon and Nigeria, schools usually finish for summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the later weeks of September or the first week of October.
Response: In India, school ends in late April and resumes in early or mid-June.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Velociraptor, Pacific Salmon
Response: Velociraptor is extinct, Pacific Salmon is alive.
Category: classification
Instruction: List some TV shows that Canadian actor William B. Davis has been in.
Response: The X-Files, Robson Arms, Supernatural, Stargate SG-1, Continuum, Upload
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who wrote The History of Mr Polly
Response: H. G. Wells
Category: summarization
Instruction: Tell me about the Walton Football Club
Context: Walton Casuals Football Club was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club was affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association, and had been a part of the football pyramid since 1992.

The club joined the Surrey Intermediate League upon formation, and remained there until the league disbanded in 1965. A move to the Surrey Senior League lasted just two years before becoming founding members of the Suburban League. Walton Casuals won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. In 1992, the club turned semi-professional and entered the football pyramid by joining the Surrey Premier League. The Stags earned promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995, and the Isthmian League 10 years later. After two years of groundsharing, the club moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub – a £20 million sports complex development – for the 2017–18 season. In their first season at the new stadium, Walton secured a top six finish on goal difference and went on to win the play-offs.

Walton Casuals' most notable rivalry came with Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham, due to their close proximity. The club also had a rivalry with Molesey, who play in the Isthmian League South Division. The two teams previously competed in an annual pre-season fixture for the Mick Burgess Memorial Trophy, but the competition was halted when Molesey earned promotion to the same league in 2015.
Response: The Walton Casuals Football Club was a semi-professional football club based in Walton-on-Thames, Surrey. Founded in 1948, the club was affiliated to the Surrey County Football Association, and had been a part of the football pyramid since 1992.

The club joined the Surrey Intermediate League upon formation, and remained there until the league disbanded in 1965. A move to the Surrey Senior League lasted just two years before becoming founding members of the Suburban League. Walton Casuals won their first major honour in 1983 as champions of the Suburban League Southern Section. In 1992, the club turned semi-professional and entered the football pyramid by joining the Surrey Premier League. The Stags earned promotion to the Combined Counties Football League in 1995, and the Isthmian League 10 years later. After two years of groundsharing, the club moved into the Elmbridge Sports Hub – a £20 million sports complex development – for the 2017–18 season. In their first season at the new stadium, Walton secured a top six finish on goal difference and went on to win the play-offs.

Walton Casuals' most notable rivalry came with Combined Counties Premier Division club Walton & Hersham, due to their close proximity. The club also had a rivalry with Molesey, who play in the Isthmian League South Division. The two teams previously competed in an annual pre-season fixture for the Mick Burgess Memorial Trophy, but the competition was halted when Molesey earned promotion to the same league in 2015.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the programming languages supported by Flink. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Flink provides a high-throughput, low-latency streaming engine as well as support for event-time processing and state management. Flink applications are fault-tolerant in the event of machine failure and support exactly-once semantics. Programs can be written in Java, Scala, Python, and SQL and are automatically compiled and optimized into dataflow programs that are executed in a cluster or cloud environment.
Response: Java, Scala, Python, SQL
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What was the profession of Araber Rahaman?
Context: Araber Rahaman (died 28 April 2013) was an Indian politician. He was the Tripura MLA for Boxanagar from 1978–1988.
Response: He was a politician.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is backgammon?
Response: Backgammon is a two-player board game that is thousands of years old. Each player has fifteen pieces. The objective is to be the first player to move your pieces off of the board. The players take turns rolling dice that determine how many places they can move their pieces. The game is a combination of skill and luck.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which land mammal has the best hearing?
Response: Bats have the best hearing among land mammals
Category: general_qa
Instruction: what is a computer system?
Response: A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and peripheral equipment needed and used for full operation. This term may also refer to a group of computers that are linked and function together, such as a computer network or computer cluster.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the dates mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Date} - {Description}
Context: Daniel Leavitt was born November 16, 1813, at Rye, New Hampshire, the son of Benning Leavitt, influential businessman, state senator, county commissioner and later Chicopee Selectman, and his wife Olive (Jenness) Leavitt. Daniel Leavitt married in 1838 at West Springfield, Massachusetts, Ruth Jeannette Ball. They had three children.
Response: • November 16, 1813 - This is when Daniel Leavitt was born
• 1838 - This is when Daniel Leavitt married his wife Ruth Jeannette Ball.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the the first five books in the bible old testament?
Response: The first five books of the bible old testament are called the Pentateuch or the books of law
1) The Book of Genesis - is an account of the creation of the world, the early history of humanity, and of Israel's ancestors and the origins of the Jewish people.
2) The Book of Exodus - is the second book of the Bible. It narrates the story of the Exodus, in which the Israelites leave slavery in Biblical Egypt through the strength of Yahweh, who has chosen them as his people. 
3) The Book of Leviticus - The book has several main topics, some of which are the Jewish laws of sacrificing to God, and the work of the priests. These priests are sometimes known as Levites 
4) The Book of Numbers - is the culmination of the story of Israel's exodus from oppression in Egypt and their journey to take possession of the land God promised their fathers.
5) The Book of Deuteronomy - is the covenant that binds Yahweh and Israel by oaths of fidelity and obedience. God will give Israel blessings of the land, fertility, and prosperity so long as Israel is faithful to God's teaching; disobedience will lead to curses and punishment.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who were fighting each other in this battle and what's the consequence of it
Context: The Battle of Kuningtou or Battle of Guningtou, also known as the Battle of Kinmen, was a battle fought over Kinmen in the Taiwan Strait during the Chinese Civil War in 1949. The failure of the Communists to take the island left it in the hands of the Kuomintang (Nationalists) and crushed their chances of taking Taiwan to destroy the Nationalists completely in the war.
Response: Chinese Nationalist and Chinese Communists fought this battle during Chinese Civil War in 1949. Chinese Nationalist won the battle which deterred Chinese Communists from taking over Taiwan, the last stronghold of Chinese Nationalist government fled from mainland in 1949 until today.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Does Spark support JavaScript?
Response: Spark does not have native built-in support for JavaScript, but it is possible to use JavaScript with Spark through 3rd party libraries.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Abel Prize  is given in which field ?
Response: Abel Prize is given in the field of Mathematics
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many World Series have the Detroit Tigers won?
Response: The Detroit Tigers are an American professional baseball team based in Detroit that plays in the American League (AL). The Tigers have won four World Series titles (1935, 1945, 1968, 1984) and 11 AL pennants.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: which are the youngest mountain ranges  in the world ?
Context: The Himalayan range is one of the youngest mountain ranges on the planet and consists mostly of uplifted sedimentary and metamorphic rock. According to the modern theory of plate tectonics, its formation is a result of a continental collision or orogeny along the convergent boundary (Main Himalayan Thrust) between the Indo-Australian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. The Arakan Yoma highlands in Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal were also formed as a result of this collision.
Himalayan ranges passes though countries like India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China.
Response: The youngest mountains are the Himalayan range passing though India, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, and China
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who is the youngest driver to win a Formula 1 race?
Context: Max Verstappen is the youngest winner of a Grand Prix; he was 18 years and 228 days old when he won the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix
Response: Max Verstappen is the youngest driver to win a F1 race with 18 years and 228 days old at the 2016 Spanish Grand Prix, during his first race at Red Bull Racing Team
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What should you do if you see a brown bear approach you while you are hiking?
Response: If you see a brown bear while hiking and it does not see you, slowly move away. If the bear does see you and starts approaching, lie on the ground and play dead.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what was the impact on software companies from the revenue standard called 606?
Response: VSOE was replaced by SSP (Standard selling price), new disclosures around Remaining performance obligations
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Whats the difference between a CPU and RAM?
Response: A CPU is a Centralized Processing Unit that processes data, RAM is Random Access Memory which is used to store temporary data for fast access by the processor.  The processor processes the data that is stored in the memory.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Give me a two sentence summary of the following text: "A Venn diagram illustrates the relationships between two or more data sets. Venn diagrams are especially useful for highlighting similarities and differences and are commonly used to compare and contrast the characteristics of different data sets.

In a Venn diagram, circles are used to represent each data set. Inside each circle is a list of characteristics that define that data. Characteristics shared between two or more data sets are listed in the area where the circles overlap. Simple Venn diagrams consist of two overlapping circles, but complex Venn diagrams may compare up to five or more data sets using up to five or more circles.

Venn diagrams are commonly used in business and education settings to visualize and explore how things relate. In a business context, Venn diagrams are commonly used in product development, marketing, management, and more."
Response: A Venn diagram is a commonly used type of diagram in business and education to illustrate similarities and differences between (at least) two datasets. In Venn diagrams, there are normally two slightly overlapping circles which represent two different datasets and the intersection of these circles contain characteristics of the similarities between the datasets and the symmetric difference of these circles contains the differences between these two datasets.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the names of the co-founders of Hadoop. Separate them with a comma.
Context: According to its co-founders, Doug Cutting and Mike Cafarella, the genesis of Hadoop was the Google File System paper that was published in October 2003. This paper spawned another one from Google – "MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters". Development started on the Apache Nutch project, but was moved to the new Hadoop subproject in January 2006. Doug Cutting, who was working at Yahoo! at the time, named it after his son's toy elephant. The initial code that was factored out of Nutch consisted of about 5,000 lines of code for HDFS and about 6,000 lines of code for MapReduce.

In March 2006, Owen O'Malley was the first committer to add to the Hadoop project; Hadoop 0.1.0 was released in April 2006. It continues to evolve through contributions that are being made to the project. The very first design document for the Hadoop Distributed File System was written by Dhruba Borthakur in 2007.
Response: Doug Cutting, Mike Cafarella
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What city has Kogoshima as its airport
Response: Tokyo
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Are spicy foods healthy?
Response: Eating spicy foods has several health benefits, as various studies had shown that spicy foods can help boosting metabolism, lowering mortality rate,  decreasing  blood pressure, and even fighting cancer cells. However, overeating spicy food or eating super spicy food could lead to side effects, such as acne and stomach pain, to some people.
Category: classification
Instruction: Categorize these paint colours as “primary”, “secondary”, and “tertiary” according to the Quiller color wheel.

Cadmium Yellow Light, Permanent Green Light, Viridian Green, Green Blue, Phthalocyanine Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Ultramarine Violet, Magenta, Permanent Rose, Cadmium Red, Cadmium Scarlet, Cadmium Orange
Response: Primary: Cadmium Yellow Light, Phthalocyanine Blue, Permanent Rose
Secondary: Viridian Green, Ultramarine Violet, Cadmium Scarlet
Tertiary: Permanent Green Light, Green Blue, Ultramarine Blue, Magenta, Cadmium Red, Cadmium Orange
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What was the record for University of Miami Hurricanes in 1980?
Context: The 1980 Miami Hurricanes football team represented the University of Miami as an independent during the 1980 NCAA Division I-A football season. Led by second-year head coach Howard Schnellenberger, the Hurricanes played their home games at the Miami Orange Bowl in Miami, Florida. Miami finished the season with a record of 9–3. They were invited to the Peach Bowl, where they defeated Virginia Tech, 20–10.
Response: The Hurricanes won 9 games and lost 3 games in 1980
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the Altair based on the paragraph?
Context: Childhood friends Bill Gates and Paul Allen sought to make a business using their skills in computer programming. In 1972, they founded Traf-O-Data, which sold a rudimentary computer to track and analyze automobile traffic data. Gates enrolled at Harvard University while Allen pursued a degree in computer science at Washington State University, though he later dropped out to work at Honeywell. The January 1975 issue of Popular Electronics featured Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS) Altair 8800 microcomputer, which inspired Allen to suggest that they could program a BASIC interpreter for the device. Gates called MITS and claimed that he had a working interpreter, and MITS requested a demonstration. Allen worked on a simulator for the Altair while Gates developed the interpreter, and it worked flawlessly when they demonstrated it to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. MITS agreed to distribute it, marketing it as Altair BASIC.: 108, 112–114  Gates and Allen established Microsoft on April 4, 1975, with Gates as CEO, and Allen suggested the name "Micro-Soft", short for micro-computer software. In August 1977, the company formed an agreement with ASCII Magazine in Japan, resulting in its first international office of ASCII Microsoft. Microsoft moved its headquarters to Bellevue, Washington, in January 1979.
Response: The Altair as mentioned in the paragraph was a microcomputer developed by Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems's (MITS). Its official name was the "Altair 8800 microcomputer". Altair BASIC was an interpreter that Bill Gates developed and demonstrated to MITS in March 1975 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Paul Allen also worked on a simulator for the Altair.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about speed limits, what was first law regulating speed limits in UK, when was it enacted and what speed limits it set.
Context: The use of speed limits predates both motorized vehicles, and enforcement of the laws. Facing the invention of the automobile, many nations enacted speed limit laws, and appropriate measures to enforce them. The Locomotive Acts in the UK set speed limits for vehicles, and later codified enforcement methods. The first Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns. This act also included the value of fines for violations of the law.
Response: The first speed limit law in UK was called Locomotive Act, passed in 1861, set a speed limit of 10 miles per hour (16 km/h) in uninhabited areas, and 5 miles per hour (8.0 km/h) within towns.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some famous actors in the 1940's
Response: Jennifer Jones, Barbara Stanwyck, Greer Garson, Humphrey Bogart, Bette Davis, Bob Hope, Gregory Peck, David Niven, Victor Mature, James Cagney, Betty Grable, Judy Garland, Janet Leigh, Spencer Tracy.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Velaryon?
Response: "The Old, the True, the Brave"
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the Tritonia auriculata
Context: Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae.
Response: Tritonia auriculata is a species of dendronotid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Tritoniidae
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about a former President of India, Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam, tell me when he was born, where he was raised and the subjects he specialised in studies. Why was Abdul Kalam known as the Missile Man of India?
Context: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR (/ˈɑːbdəl kəˈlɑːm/ (listen); 15 October 1931 – 27 July 2015) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from 2002 to 2007. He was born and raised in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu and studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades as a scientist and science administrator, mainly at the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately involved in India's civilian space programme and military missile development efforts. He thus came to be known as the Missile Man of India for his work on the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. He also played a pivotal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in 1998, the first since the original nuclear test by India in 1974.

Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India in 2002 with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Congress. Widely referred to as the "People's President", he returned to his civilian life of education, writing and public service after a single term. He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.
Response: Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam BR, referred to as APJ Abdul Kalam in short, was born on 15th October 1931. He was born and raised in Rameswaram in Tamil Nadu, South India. APJ Abdul Kalam specialised in Physics and Aerospace Engineering as part of his studies. 
He had a career of around 4 decades as a scientist as well as an administrator with the organisations such as Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). In these roles, APJ Abdul Kalam played a key role in India's civilian space program and military missile development activities. He also played a vital role in the development of ballistic missile and launch vehicle technology. As a result of his above mentioned contributions, Abdul Kalam was known as the Missile Man of India.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What and how should you feed your baby?
Response: What to feed your baby depends on a number of factors ranging from their age, their health and your preferences. Typically, until your baby is 6 months old, their diet consists exclusively of breast milk or formula.  Around 6 months old your baby may be able to start solids. You should consult your physician before modifying the diet of your baby.  Some people choose to introduce solids with soft, mushy and simple foods like mashed bananas, avocados or rice cereal.  Others will introduce whatever food is being served to the adults — this could be complex foods with spices such as fajitas, curries and hamburgers. Although young babies will rarely have teeth, their gums are very hard and can mash food. For example, a common early food is mini cucumber, which also may alleviate pains with teething.  For how to feed your baby, there are two main categories with many variations in between 1/ Baby-led weaning 2/ Spoon fed. Baby-led does what it sounds like — the baby leads their own feeding. This is often done by the caregiver laying out a few foods (Soft, Mashable, Age-appropriate and safe — void of choking hazards) and letting the baby choose which foods to pick up and eat and how much.  Spoon-fed means the caregiver is selecting the foods and feeding the baby.  There is no right or wrong way to feed your baby. Consult a physician for tips and safety recommendations.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What happens when you meditate?
Response: The art of meditation has a long prolonged positive effect on human behaviour and thinking. The mind is equated to a jumping monkey that doesn't remain quiet. The restlessness that it builds can lead to health issues and sometimes uncontrollable behaviour.  In general, meditation is to calm the mind and becoming the spectator or observer of the thoughts that rise in your consciousness. 

Now, let's break it down further ...

It first starts with understanding of the 'self' which can be equated to mind in loose terms. Experiences happen to you in your waking state and the mind first starts labelling things. Negative experiences are profoundly deep rooted then positive ones. All these experiences gradually defines how you react to situations that shapes your individual personality. Do you know that there is a spectator within your mind more like a dual personality? it is the subject - object thing. The spectator within you is the observer of things and is often neutral.

Idea of meditation is to remain a spectator for long periods of time and let fewer and fewer thoughts arise into your conscious state. At the end it leaves you a with a sense of accomplishment because as a spectator you're waiting and this deliberate attempt makes the thought (referred as devil) disappear.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is the Pizza history?
Context: Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.
The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.
Response: The history of pizza begins in antiquity, as various ancient cultures produced basic flatbreads with several toppings.

A precursor of pizza was probably the focaccia, a flatbread known to the Romans as panis focacius, to which toppings were then added. Modern pizza evolved from similar flatbread dishes in Naples, Italy, in the 18th or early 19th century.

The word pizza was first documented in AD 997 in Gaeta and successively in different parts of Central and Southern Italy. Pizza was mainly eaten in Italy and by emigrants from there. This changed after World War II when Allied troops stationed in Italy came to enjoy pizza along with other Italian foods.
Some commentators have suggested that the origins of modern pizza can be traced to pizzarelle, which were kosher for Passover cookies eaten by Roman Jews after returning from the synagogue on that holiday, though some also trace its origins to other Italian paschal bread. Other examples of flatbreads that survive to this day from the ancient Mediterranean world are focaccia (which may date back as far as the ancient Etruscans); Manakish in the Levant, coca (which has sweet and savory varieties) from Catalonia, Valencia and the Balearic Islands; the Greek Pita; Lepinja in the Balkans; or Piadina in the Romagna part of Emilia-Romagna in Italy
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: According to this paragraph, what is the only state in North America that is an archpelago?
Context: Hawaii (/həˈwaɪi/ (listen) hə-WY-ee; Hawaiian: Hawaiʻi [həˈvɐjʔi] or [həˈwɐjʔi]) is a state in the Western United States, about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) from the U.S. mainland in the Pacific Ocean. It is the only U.S. state outside North America, the only state that is an archipelago, and the only state in the tropics.

Hawaii comprises nearly the entire Hawaiian archipelago, 137 volcanic islands spanning 1,500 miles (2,400 km) that are physiographically and ethnologically part of the Polynesian subregion of Oceania. The state's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about 750 miles (1,210 km). The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau, Kauaʻi, Oʻahu, Molokaʻi, Lānaʻi, Kahoʻolawe, Maui, and Hawaiʻi—the last of these, after which the state is named, is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii Island" to avoid confusion with the state or archipelago. The uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands make up most of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument, the United States' largest protected area and the fourth-largest in the world.
Response: Hawaii is the only state in North America that is an archipelago, according to this text.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the benefits of collaborating on a tech blog with your customers?
Response: It will improve visibility of the product. It will help with your customers' career. It will benefit other customers with related use cases.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How best should I travel from London to Edinburgh, UK ?
Response: There are 3 main options for traveling between London and Edinburgh, UK. By car you will take the A1 north from London almost 7-8 hours depending on traffic. By train there is now an express train getting you from London Kings Cross to Edinburgh in under 4 hours. By plane you can fly from London City, London Gatwick or London Heathrow. The flight itself is only about 30-45mins, but with checkin and travel to either Heathrow or Gatwick the total travel time would also be close to 3-4 hours.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best way to get from London to Paris.
Response: To travel from London to Paris you have several options. You can fly from one of London's airports (Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted or Luton) to Charles de Gaulle or Orly, you could drive crossing the channel from Dover to Calais by ferry or Eurotunnel. The best option is almost certainly to take the Eurostar train from London St Pancras International to Gare du Nord.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me if these cities are in the United States or England: New York, Manchester, Bath, San Francisco, Oxford
Response: New York: United States, Manchester: England, Bath: England, San Francisco: United States, Oxford: England
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between common law and civil law?
Response: The primary difference between common law and civil law is that in common law jurisdictions, published court decisions are of primary importance to understanding legal rules. In civil law jurisdictions, published rules or statutes are of primary importance. Common law's origins are found in England, where court decisions filled in gaps in "writs" issued by the monarch. Civil law, by comparison, traces its origins to codes of laws compiled beginning around the time of the Roman Empire. 

While there are around 150 countries that largely follow a common law model, and 80 that follow a civil law model, the reality is that many jurisdictions incorporate elements of both common law and civil law. Even within a country, different models may apply.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why Bollywood is so famous
Response: Because of all famous actor and female actor and their famous Bollywood movies which earns billions of Rupees
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some great progressive rock bands?
Response: RUSH, Yes, Genesis, the Alan Parsons Project, Pink Floyd, King Crimson, Emerson Lake and Palmer, Jethro Tull
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the below based on the products they sell.
Adidas, nike, Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta, FILA
Response: Adidas, nike, FILA - Shoe
Pepsi, Sprite, Fanta - Beverages
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a lakehouse?
Response: A lakehouse is a new, open architecture that combines the best elements of data lakes and data warehouses.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Using given passage as a reference, Jot down some points on Laredo Formation
Context: The Laredo Formation is a geologic formation and Lagerstätte in Texas, United States and Nuevo León and Tamaulipas, Mexico. It preserves fossils dating back to the Lutetian stage of the Eocene period. Among many other fossils, the formation has provided invertebrates, vertebrates, leaves, pollen and spores and fossil wood of the brackish water palm Nypa sp.
Response: 1. The Laredo Formation is a geological formation and Lagerstätte in Tamaulipas and Nuevo León, Mexico, as well as Texas, United States.
2. It protects fossils that date back to the Eocene Lutetian stage.
3. The formation has produced a variety of different fossils, including insects, vertebrates, leaves, pollen, spores, and fossilised wood from the brackish water palm Nypa sp.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given these paragraphs about Hydrogen Storage, what are some of its use cases?
Context: Several methods exist for storing hydrogen. These include mechanical approaches such as using high pressures and low temperatures, or employing chemical compounds that release H2 upon demand. While large amounts of hydrogen are produced by various industries, it is mostly consumed at the site of production, notably for the synthesis of ammonia. For many years hydrogen has been stored as compressed gas or cryogenic liquid, and transported as such in cylinders, tubes, and cryogenic tanks for use in industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application. The overarching challenge is the very low boiling point of H2: it boils around 20.268 K (−252.882 °C or −423.188 °F). Achieving such low temperatures requires expending significant energy.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_storage
Response: It's been used in the industry or as propellant in space programs. Interest in using hydrogen for on-board storage of energy in zero-emissions vehicles is motivating the development of new methods of storage, more adapted to this new application.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the five most recent NBA champions.
Response: 1. Golden State Warriors (2022)
2. Milwaukee Bucks (2021)
3. Los Angeles Lakers (2020)
4. Toronto Raptors (2019)
5. Golden State Warriors (2018)