fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage identify the subtypes of Hepatovirus A. Display the results in comma separated format.
Context: Hepatovirus A is a species of virus in the order Picornavirales, family Picornaviridae, genus Hepatovirus. Humans and other vertebrates serve as natural hosts.

Nine members of Hepatovirus are recognized. These species infect bats, rodents, hedgehogs, and shrews. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a rodent origin for Hepatitis A.[citation needed]

A member virus of hepatovirus B (Phopivirus) has been isolated from a seal. This virus shared a common ancestor with Hepatovirus A about 1800 years ago.[citation needed]

Another hepatovirus – Marmota himalayana hepatovirus – has been isolated from the woodchuck Marmota himalayana. This virus appears to have had a common ancestor with the primate-infecting species around 1000 years ago.[citation needed]

One serotype and seven different genetic groups (four human and three simian) have been described. The human genotypes are numbered I–III. Six subtypes have been described (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB). The simian genotypes have been numbered IV–VI. A single isolate of genotype VII isolated from a human has also been described. Genotype III has been isolated from both humans and owl monkeys. Most human isolates are of genotype I. Of the type I isolates subtype IA accounts for the majority.

The mutation rate in the genome has been estimated to be 1.73–9.76 × 10−4 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. The human strains appear to have diverged from the simian about 3600 years ago. The mean age of genotypes III and IIIA strains has been estimated to be 592 and 202 years, respectively.
Response: IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the legality of owning an alligator as a pet in the United States?
Response: 26 states outright forbid owning an alligator as a pet. 12 states allow ownership with proper permitting. 11 states allow ownership with no need for a permit; of those 11 states, 5 do not have any permit requirements to own any exotic animal. While Wyoming prohibits certain game animals from being owned as pets, the state does not include nor exclude alligators in specific listings, so presumably, one can own a pet alligator unpermitted in Wyoming.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which states produced more than 10% of total US oil production in 2020?
Context: The leading oil-producing area in the United States in 2019 was Texas (5.07 million barrels (806,000 m3) per day), followed by the offshore federal zone of the Gulf of Mexico (1.90 million barrels (302,000 m3) per day), North Dakota (1.42 million barrels (226,000 m3) per day) and New Mexico (0.90 million barrels (143,000 m3) per day). In 2020, the top five U.S. oil producing states were Texas (43%), North Dakota (10.4%), New Mexico (9.2%), Oklahoma (4.1%), and Colorado (4.0%).
Response: Texas and North Dakota produced 43% and 10.4% of US oil in 2020, respectively.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Is the language spoken in Kerala a palindrome?
Context: Malayalam (/ˌmæləˈjɑːləm/; Malayalam: മലയാളം, Malayāḷam, [mɐlɐjaːɭɐm] (listen)) is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people. It is one of 22 scheduled languages of India. Malayalam was designated a "Classical Language of India" in 2013. Malayalam has official language status in Kerala and Puducherry (Mahé), and is also the primary spoken language of Lakshadweep and is spoken by 34 million people in India. Malayalam is also spoken by linguistic minorities in the neighbouring states; with a significant number of speakers in the Kodagu and Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka, and Kanyakumari, district of Tamil Nadu. It is also spoken by the Malayali Diaspora worldwide, especially in the Persian Gulf countries, due to the large populations of Malayali expatriates there. They are a significant population in each city in India including Mumbai, Bengaluru, Delhi, Kolkata, Pune etc.
Response: Yes, malayalam is the language spoken in Kerala and it is a palindrome
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the names of Tata trusts which Ratan Tata heads?
Context: Ratan Tata was the interim chairman of Tata Sons. He continues to head the main two Tata trusts Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust and their allied trusts, with a combined stake of 66% in Tata Sons, Tata group's holding company.He has served in various capacities in organizations in India and abroad. He is a member of Prime Minister's 'Council on Trade and Industry' and the 'National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council'. He is on the jury panel of Pritzker Architecture Prize – considered to be one of the world's premier architecture prizes.Over the years Tata has served on the Cornell University Board of Trustees, personally advising the school's administration in matters of international involvement, particularly regarding projects connected to India. More broadly, Tata has served on the board's Academic Affairs, Student Life, and Development Committees. In 2013 he was named Cornell Entrepreneur of the Year.He is a director on the boards of Alcoa Inc., Mondelez International and Board of Governors of the East–West Center. He is also a member of the board of trustees of University of Southern California, Harvard Business School Board of Dean's Advisors, X Prize and Cornell University. He is a member on the board of International Advisory Council at Bocconi University.He is also a member of the Harvard Business School India Advisory Board (IAB) since 2006 and previously a member of the Harvard Business School Asia-Pacific Advisory Board (APAB) 2001–2006.[citation needed]In 2013, he was appointed to the board of trustees of the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.In February 2015, Ratan took an advisory role at Kalari Capital, a venture capital firm founded by Vani Kola.In October 2016, Tata Sons removed Cyrus Mistry as its chairman, nearly 4 years after he took over the reins of the over $100 billion conglomerate, Ratan Tata made a comeback, taking over the company's interim boss for 4 months. On 12 January 2017, Natarajan Chandrasekaran was named as the chairman of Tata Sons, a role he assumed in February 2017.
Response: Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts and Sir Ratan Tata Trust
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are equity securities?
Response: Equity securities are financial assets that represent ownership of a corporation. The most prevalent type of equity security is common stock. And the characteristic that most defines an equity security—differentiating it from most other types of securities—is ownership.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What book won the Hugo Award for Best Novel in 1990?
Response: Hyperion by Dan Simmons
Category: general_qa
Instruction: I'm going on a hike and the weather is cold, how should I dress?
Response: When hiking, it is important to dress in layers. As you hike, your body will heat up, and you will want the flexibility to remove layers accordingly. They layers should consist of a base layer to wick away sweat, an insulating layer to help retain body heat, and an outer layer to shield from rain or wind. You should also consider weather like snow or rain as this may change what you need to bring.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How to do discovery in sales?
Response: A discovery call is a crucial step in the sales process . Here are some tips on how to conduct an effective discovery call:

Do your research: Before the call, research the prospect's company and industry to better understand their business and what challenges they may be facing. Google for companies, linkedin, people, word of mouth.

Set a clear agenda: At the beginning of the call, set a clear agenda for what you hope to accomplish during the call.

Ensure two-way conversation: Ask open-ended questions to encourage a dialogue and allow the prospect to share their thoughts and concerns.

Have a positive sign-off: At the end of the call, summarize the key points discussed and clarify any next steps or action items.

By conducting an effective discovery call, you can gather valuable information about the prospect and their needs, and begin to build a relationship of trust and understanding. This can lead to a more successful sales process and help you close more deals.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do some countries call football soccer?
Response: Football started in England and was governed by the Football Association. The term Soccer was used at an abbreviation of the the word Association to help distinguish it from Rugby.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a bird or fish: Redhorse sucker, Red-necked grebe
Response: Red-necked grebe is a bird, Redhorse sucker is a fish
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Why is the Chernobyl disaster considered to be the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident when only an excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011?
Context: The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred on 26 April 1986 at the No. 4 reactor in the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, near the city of Pripyat in the north of the Ukrainian SSR in the Soviet Union. Called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident, it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale, the other being the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster in Japan. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain. An excess of 15 childhood thyroid cancer deaths were documented as of 2011. A United Nations committee found that to date fewer than 100 deaths have resulted from the fallout. Determining the total eventual number of exposure related deaths is uncertain based on the linear no-threshold model, a contested statistical model. Model predictions of the eventual total death toll in the coming decades vary. The most widely cited studies by the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
Response: The Chernobyl disaster was called the world's worst-ever civil nuclear incident because it is one of only two nuclear energy accidents rated at seven—the maximum severity—on the International Nuclear Event Scale. The initial emergency response, together with later decontamination of the environment, involved more than 500,000 personnel and cost an estimated 18 billion roubles—roughly US$68 billion in 2019, adjusted for inflation. Even though Chernobyl's health effects to the general population are uncertain, the World Health Organization predict an eventual 9,000 cancer related fatalities in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Is Arsenal the most successful Soccer team in England?
Context: Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904. Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history. In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war. In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double. Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles. They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position. Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons.
Response: Arsenal FC was the first club in the south of england to join the football league in 1893.   They have been only relegated once in 1913 and completed the 20th century with the highest average position so over time, yes, you can say they have been the most successful.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the name of the founder of Salesforce from the text
Context: Salesforce, Inc. is an American cloud-based software company headquartered in San Francisco, California. It provides customer relationship management (CRM) software and applications focused on sales, customer service, marketing automation, e-commerce, analytics, and application development.

Founded by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff, Salesforce quickly grew into one of the largest companies in the world, making its IPO in 2004. Salesforce's continued growth makes it the first cloud computing company to reach US$1 billion in annual revenue by fiscal year 2009, and the world's largest enterprise software firm by 2022.

Today, Salesforce is one of the largest technology companies in the world, and as of September 19, 2022, is the 61st largest company in the world by market cap with a value of nearly US$153 billion. Salesforce ranked 136th on the most recent edition of the Fortune 500, making US$26.5 billion in 2022. Since 2020, Salesforce has also been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average.
Response: Marc Benioff
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What did Stevie Ray Vaughan name his most beloved guitar?
Response: Jimbo.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Correct the typos in this sentence
Context: Robert Ralph Furman is brn on August 21, 1915, in Trenton, New Jersey, on of five son of William and Leila Ficht Furman.
Response: Robert Ralph Furman was born on August 21, 1915, in Trenton, New Jersey, one of five sons of William and Leila Ficht Furman.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of these as a type of instrument or a type of school subject: Mathematics, Saxophone, french horn, history, physical education, Oboe, science, drums, geography, flute, tuba
Response: Types of instruments are: french Horn, oboe, drums, flute, and tuba. Types of school subjects are: mathematics, history, physical education, science, and geography.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What year did humankind walk on the moon?
Response: 1969
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the launch date and current distance from Earth in miles of Voyager 1.
Context: Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere. Launched 16 days after its twin Voyager 2, Voyager 1 has been operating for 45 years, 6 months and 30 days as of April 5, 2023 UTC . It communicates through NASA's Deep Space Network to receive routine commands and to transmit data to Earth. Real-time distance and velocity data is provided by NASA and JPL. At a distance of 159.20 AU (23.816 billion km; 14.799 billion mi) from Earth as of March 27, 2023, it is the most distant human-made object from Earth.
Response: The Voyager 1 space probe was launched by NASA on September 5, 1977. As of March 27, 2023 Voyager 1 is 14.799 billion mi from Earth.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Anatoly Kubatsky?
Context: Anatoly Lvovich Kubatsky (Russian: Анато́лий Льво́вич Куба́цкий) (1 November 1908 – 29 December 2001) was a Soviet stage and film actor.
Response: Kubatsky was born in Moscow to parents of Polish ancestry. After studying under Yuri Zavadsky, he found acting work in various theaters throughout Moscow. From 1931 to 1942 he was an actor for Union Radio; from 1942 to 1957 he worked at the Mayakovsky Theatre; from 1957 to 1959 he worked at the Film Actors' Theater; from 1959 to 1973 he worked at the Gorky Theater.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Do pilots of civil aircraft know the exact weight of the aircraft prior to take-off?
Response: No, not the exact weight.  They estimate the likely weight, with a margin for error, and on more modern aircraft (like the A330), onboard software will calculate the actual weight once airborne and then suggest the optimal angle of attack for the flight.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given the reference text about AC Milan, how many FIFA and UEFA trophies have they won?
Context: Associazione Calcio Milan (Italian pronunciation: [assotʃatˈtsjoːne ˈkaltʃo ˈmiːlan]), commonly referred to as AC Milan (Italian pronunciation: [a ˈtʃi ˈmiːlan]) or simply Milan (Italian pronunciation: [miːlan]), is a professional football club in Milan, Italy, founded in 1899. The club has spent its entire history, with the exception of the 1980–81 and 1982–83 seasons, in the top flight of Italian football, known as Serie A since 1929–30.

AC Milan's 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies is the fourth highest out of any club (joint with Boca Juniors[nb 1]), and the most out of any Italian club. Milan has won a joint record three Intercontinental Cups and one FIFA Club World Cup, seven European Cup/Champions League titles (Italian record), the UEFA Super Cup a joint record five times and the Cup Winners' Cup twice. With 19 league titles, Milan is tied as the second most successful club in Serie A with local rivals Inter Milan (also with 19 league titles), behind Juventus (36 league titles). They have also won the Coppa Italia five times, and the Supercoppa Italiana seven.

Milan's home games are played at San Siro, also known as the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza. The stadium, which was built by Milan's second chairman Piero Pirelli in 1926 and is shared since 1947 with city rivals Internazionale, is the largest in Italian football, with a total capacity of 75,923. They have a long-standing rivalry with Inter, with whom they contest the Derby della Madonnina which is one of the most followed derbies in football.

The club is one of the wealthiest in Italian and world football. It was a founding member of the now-defunct G-14 group of Europe's leading football clubs as well as its replacement, the European Club Association.
Response: AC Milan has won 18 FIFA and UEFA trophies, which is the fourth most out of any club.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the meme crypto coin that Elon Musk made famous?
Response: Elon Musk brought attention to the crypto currency Dogecoin by tweeting the word "One word: Doge". This brought the coin into meme status with its value starting at $0.0047 and skyrocketing to $0.7376 by May 2021.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What plant do cats like to chew or sniff, which may give them a "high"?
Response: Many cats enjoy chewing or sniffing fresh and dried catnip.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Is Horsfieldia nervos a plant or animal?
Context: Horsfieldia nervosa is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree endemic to Borneo where it is confined to Sarawak.
Response: plant
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the main difference between ORC and Parquet?
Response: Both file formats are columnar with similar support for encoding and compression. Their key difference is in how nested data is represented. In Parquet, the nested data is fully shredded into columns with additional metadata to reconstruct the nesting structure. In ORC, nested structures are not decomposed into columns. Rather the nested data value is stored as a regular column value.
Category: classification
Instruction: Of the following, identify which are TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white, brands of toothpaste, and places where you can participate in water sports: the beach, The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, Colgate, Florida, a river, The Munsters, Crest, Aquafresh, a lake, a pool, Rembrandt, The Addams Family
Response: TV shows that originally aired in black-and-white: The Honeymooners, I Love Lucy, The Munsters, The Addams Family
Toothpaste brands: Crest, Colgate, Aquafresh, Rembrandt
Places you can participate in water sports: the beach, Florida, a river, a lake, a pool
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa, when and where was he born?
Context: Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa (born 29 January 1951) is a Ugandan physician, public health specialist, and politician. His last name is sometimes spelled "Twatwa". He is the elected Member of Parliament representing Iki-Iki County, Budaka District. He has served in that capacity since May 2011. Before that, he served as the director of the Division of Child Health at the Uganda Ministry of Health from 2005 until 2010.

Background and education
He was born in Budaka District on 29 January 1951. Twa-Twa attended Sekulo Primary School in Budaka District from 1959 until 1964. He then studied at Mbale College in Mbale District from 1965 until 1966. He undertook his O-Level studies (S1-S4) at Jinja College in Jinja District from 1967 until 1970. In 1971, he entered Namilyango College in Mukono District to pursue his A-Level (S5-S6) education, graduating in 1972.

He graduated from Makerere University Medical School in 1978 with a Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery degree. In 1981, he obtained a Diploma in Public Health from the Makerere University School of Public Health. In 1995, he received a Master of Arts degree in demography from the same university. He also holds a Certificate in Epidemiology, awarded in 1983 by the University of Nairobi.[
Response: Jeremiah Mutwalante Twa-Twa was born in the Budaka District of Uganda on January 29, 1951.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether the following people are athletes: LeBron James, Eileen Gu, Bjergsen, Rory McIlroy, Naomi Osaka.
Response: All of these people are athletes with the exception of Bjergsen. Bjergsen is a League of Legends (LoL) player. While LoL is considered an e-sport, its players do not fit into the traditional definition of an athlete, which is generally defined as someone who competes in physical sports. Having said that, some would say that competitive e-sports require significant mental stamina and finger dexterity, so one could argue that Bjergsen is an athlete.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this article, what countries have implemented the use of a dead man zone?
Context: Outcomes from Project Vesta have been integrated into firefighter training in Australia and are beginning to appear in the United States.

Firefighters try to stay out of the dead man zone at all times, working from safe points such as burnt ground or a large area of non-burnable ground, such as a cricket or Australian rules football oval, or a large car park. This is achieved by attacking the fire from the flanks, or the rear, so that burnt ground is always nearby, and the fire is always in front of the firefighters. This avoids two disadvantages of attacking fires at the head of the fire where spot fires may start behind them or changes in wind behavior might accelerate the spread of the fire.

The result of several inquiries into firefighter death in Australian bushfires found that firefighters should stay out of the dead man zone and that they should always keep 250 liters of water in their truck for personal safety. This is now a standard operating procedure in the NSW Rural Fire Service, Country Fire Service and Country Fire Authority in Australia.
Response: Australia and the United States have used the dead man zone from Project Vesta
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Who are some students at Hogwarts in Hufflepuff house that were in the same year as Harry Potter?
Response: Hogwarts is the fictitious school in the Harry Potter book series. The books mentions several students in Harry Potter's year from the Hufflepuff house, such as Megan Jones, Susan Bones, Ernie Macmilian, Zacharias Smith, and Hannah Abbott.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What direction did Italy Avenue go in Uruguay per this block of text?
Context: Italy Avenue (Spanish: Avenida Italia) is a major thoroughfare in Montevideo, Uruguay. Its name honors the country from whose immigrants about 40% of Uruguayans descend. It runs almost parallel to that of Gral Rivera Avenue, the Rambla and Camino Carrasco, constituting the main arterial road of the city, since it connects with the network of highways that lead to the east of the country.

It extends through several neighborhoods heading east, and ends with the intersection with Avenida Luis Giannattasio (which runs through Ciudad de la Costa and Avenida de las Américas (which leads to the Carrasco International Airport and the Interbalnearia and 101 routes), in the Canelones Department.

In 2017, a project was presented for the construction of a tunnel for Avenida Italia, extended below Centenario Ave. On March 18, 2021, the uneven passage of Italia and Centenario avenues was officially operational, on the path that goes to the Center (westbound). This is the third tunnel in the city, after the one on 8 de Octubre Ave and the City Hall.
Response: east to west
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is Gobekli Tepe?
Context: Göbekli Tepe (Turkish: [ɟœbecˈli teˈpe], "Potbelly Hill"; known as Girê Mirazan or Xirabreşkê in Kurdish) is a Neolithic archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Dated to the Pre-Pottery Neolithic, between c. 9500 and 8000 BCE, the site comprises a number of large circular structures supported by massive stone pillars – the world's oldest known megaliths. Many of these pillars are richly decorated with figurative anthropomorphic details, clothing, and reliefs of wild animals, providing archaeologists rare insights into prehistoric religion and the particular iconography of the period. The 15 m (50 ft)-high, 8 ha (20-acre) tell also includes many smaller buildings, quarries, and stone-cut cisterns from the Neolithic, as well as some traces of activity from later periods.
Response: Gobekli Tepe is a neolithic archaeological site located in the Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the world's oldest known megalith, dating as far back as 12000 years.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Given this paragraph, extract a list of names that are playable by the user of this game.
Context: During the single-player campaign, the player controls five different characters from a first-person perspective. The player primarily controls Sergeant Gary "Roach" Sanderson, a British member of an international special forces unit named Task Force 141. In addition to Roach, the player will also assume control of Private First Class Joseph Allen (Troy Baker) and Private James Ramirez of the U.S. Army's 1st Battalion/75th Ranger Regiment. The now Captain John "Soap" MacTavish (Kevin McKidd) serves as a senior member of Task Force 141, acting as Roach's superior officer and becomes the playable character in the final three missions of the game. Lastly, the player briefly assumes the role of an astronaut stationed on the International Space Station during the height of the war between the United States and Russia.

The game's non-playable characters (NPCs) feature prominently in the story: For Task Force 141, Lieutenant Simon "Ghost" Riley (Craig Fairbrass), who conceals his face with a skull print balaclava serves as Soap's second in command. For the United States Army Rangers, Sergeant Foley (Keith David), along with his subordinate, Corporal Dunn (Barry Pepper), is initially Joseph Allen's squad leader, and becomes James Ramirez's squad leader later in the story. Lieutenant General Shepherd (Lance Henriksen) is the commander of the United States Army Rangers and Task Force 141. Other supporting characters returning from Call of Duty 4 include Captain John Price (Billy Murray), MacTavish's former commanding officer in the British Special Air Service who was imprisoned in Russia, and Russian informant turned mercenary pilot "Nikolai" (Sven Holmberg).
Response: 1. Sergeant Gary "Roach" Sanderson
2. Joseph Allen
3. James Ramirez
4. John "Soap" MacTavish
5. An unnamed astronaut
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Where is Mount Everest located ?
Context: Mount Everest is Earth's highest mountain above sea level, located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. The China–Nepal border runs across its summit point. Its elevation of 8,848.86 m was most recently established in 2020 by the Chinese and Nepali authorities.
Response: Mount Everest is located in the Mahalangur Himal sub-range of the Himalayas. It is bordered by China and Nepal which runs across its summit points.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the PEDALS method
Response: PEDALS is a mnemonic to help in system design interviews, which stands for Process, Estimate, Design, Articulate Data Model, List Architecture and Scale
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage below, extract the first five member countries of OPEC
Context: The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC, /ˈoʊpɛk/ OH-pek) is an organization enabling the co-operation of leading oil-producing countries, in order to collectively influence the global market and maximise profit. Founded on 14 September 1960 in Baghdad by the first five members (Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, and Venezuela), it has, since 1965, been headquartered in Vienna, Austria, although Austria is not an OPEC member state. As of September 2018, the 13 member countries accounted for an estimated 44 percent of global oil production and 81.5 percent of the world's proven oil reserves, giving OPEC a major influence on global oil prices that were previously determined by the so-called "Seven Sisters" grouping of multinational oil companies.

The formation of OPEC marked a turning point toward national sovereignty over natural resources, and OPEC decisions have come to play a prominent role in the global oil market and international relations. The effect can be particularly strong when wars or civil disorders lead to extended interruptions in supply. In the 1970s, restrictions in oil production led to a dramatic rise in oil prices and in the revenue and wealth of OPEC, with long-lasting and far-reaching consequences for the global economy. In the 1980s, OPEC began setting production targets for its member nations; generally, when the targets are reduced, oil prices increase. This has occurred most recently from the organization's 2008 and 2016 decisions to trim oversupply.
Response: The first five members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) were Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. As of September 2018, OPEC officially has 13 member countries.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Pultizer Prize 2022 is given which field
Response: Journalism, Books, Drama and Music
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the biggest dog breed in the world?
Response: The great dane, originated from Germany. It is one of the two largest dog breeds together with the Irish Wolfhound.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How can I spend more time with my dog?
Response: You can play fetch.
Go on hikes with your dog.
You can train them.
Hide the treats and use snuggle mat to keep their brain and nose activity high.
You can go for leisurely long walks.
Go on a trip with them.
All these would make you spend more time with your pet and care for them and it will improve the bonding.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the Role of the Fourth Official in Football?
Response: The main role of the Fourth Official in football is assisting the referee in his control of the match. All the officials should do so under the FIFA Football Laws of the Game

The 4th Official would officiate if any of the other three match officials (referee or assistant referees) are unable to continue to administer the rules and regulations.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Was the creator of Beavis and Butthead and King of the Hill the son of an archaeologist?
Response: Yes, Mike Judge was the son of Jim Judge, an archaeologist in the American Southwest who helped record Chaco Canyon and was an accomplished professor.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Where is Bogota located?
Response: Bogota is located in the country of Colombia. Bogota is the capital and the largest city of the country. Bogota was founded on August 6th, 1538 by Gonzalo Jimenez de Quesada and as of 2022 it has a population of about 8 million people. Within Colombia, the city is located in the department of Cundinamarca.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a guitar and a bass
Response: A guitar is a musical instrument that generally houses six strings, while a bass usually has four much thicker strings. A bass guitar outputs lower frequency notes, while a regular guitar can play a wider variety of tones.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the last festival celebrated in Tihar and how long does the festival last?
Context: Lakshmi Puja is celebrated as a part of Tihar, a second national festival of Nepal after Dashain. In Nepal, it is celebrated for five days, which include Kag (crow) Tihar; Kukur (dog) Tihar; Gai (cow) Tihar in the morning and Lakshmi Puja at night; Maha puja (self puja); Goru (Ox and Bull) Tihar and Gobardhan puja; and finally, Bhai Tika (Bhai dhooj)—respectively the first, second, third, fourth and fifth days.
Response: The festival lasts for 5 days and Bhai Tika is the last festival.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are dog breeds? Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd, Abyssinian, Doberman, Scottish Fold
Response: Magyar Vizsla, German Shepherd and Doberman are dog breeds, Abyssinian and Scottish Fold are cat breeds
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is it possible to build a society that runs completely on socialism without any capitalism elements?
Response: It is theoretically possible to build a society that runs completely on socialism without any capitalism elements, but based on the human history so far, there are challenges that are difficult to overcome. As a socialist society relies on a centralized organization for distribution of resources rather than relying on free market, the challenges include inefficient decision making, corruption of power, etc.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many states are part of New England?
Response: New England is composed of six states.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either transportation modes or brands of vehicles: Audi, Bus, Train, Airplane, Ship, Ford, Acura, Volkswagen.
Response: The following are transportation modes: Bus, Train, Airplane, Ship. The following are brands of vehicles: Audit, Ford, Acura, Volkswagen.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what happens when you blow air into alkaline water?
Response: When you blow air into alkaline water the C02 from your breath creates carbonic acid which lowers the potential hydrogen of the alkaline water.  If you blow air into the alkaline water long enough the alkaline water will eventually turn acidic.  Potential hydrogen drops can be used to measure the PH to show the effect of blowing air into alkaline water.  PH drops will show alkaline water as blue and purple, and they will show acidic water as yellow.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some famous basketball players from the 1960's and 1970's
Response: Oscar Robertson, George Mikan, John Havlicek, Bill Russell, Wilt Chamberlain, and Bill Bradley are all examples of outstanding basketball players from the early days of the National Basketball Association.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Tombak, Cizhonghlu
Response: Cizhonghlu is string, Tombak is percussion.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What can I make with leftover stale bread?
Response: You can pulse it in the food processor to make bread crumbs.  You can bake it by itself to make croutons.  You can bake it in the oven with other ingredients to make dishes such as bread pudding, french onion soup.  You can cook it on a stovetop to make french toast.  You can also use it to make stuffing for a turkey.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What kind of newspaper is the Secolo d'Italia
Context: Secolo d'Italia ([ˈsɛːkolo diˈtaːlja]; "Century of Italy") is a daily, conservative, online newspaper in Italy, published since 1952, formerly supporting neo-fascism. In 2012, it ceased its print edition and continued as an online-only publication.
Response: The Secolo d'Italia, Century of Italy, is a daily, conservative, online newspaper in Italy, published since 1952, formerly supporting neo-fascism. In 2012, it ceased its print edition and continued as an online-only publication.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What type of chair would I want to design to give an option to lean all the way back?
Context: A chair is a type of seat, typically designed for one person and consisting of one or more legs, a flat or slightly angled seat and a back-rest. They may be made of wood, metal, or synthetic materials, and may be padded or upholstered in various colors and fabrics. Chairs vary in design. An armchair has armrests fixed to the seat; a recliner is upholstered and features a mechanism that lowers the chair's back and raises into place a footrest; a rocking chair has legs fixed to two long curved slats; and a wheelchair has wheels fixed to an axis under the seat.
Response: As the name suggests, a recliner features a mechanism that lowers the chair’s back and raises a footrest into place
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the best adventure books
Response: Here's a list of popular adventure books: 
- Into the wild, Jon Krakauer 
- Into thin air, Jon Krakauer 
- Arctic Dreams, Barry Lopez
- Horizon, Barry Lopez 
- On Trails, Robert Moor
- Moby Dick, Herman Melville 
- Treasure Island - RL Stevenson 
- White Fang - Jack London 
- Life of Pi - Yann Martel
- The Hobbit - J.R.R Tolkien 
- Jurassic Park - Michael Crichton
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the show "The X-Files" about?
Response: The X-Files is a science fiction show, featuring characters Special Agents Fox Mulder and Dana Scully who are investigating unsolved, mysterious cases called "X-Files." The show explores cases relating to the paranormal, such as Bigfoot and vampires, in standalone episodes referenced as "monster of the week" episodes, but also has a larger, ongoing storyline about the deeper conspiracies surrounding the existence of extraterrestrial life and government coverups which make up the "mytharc" (mythology story arc) of the show.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of different berries that I could put in a smoothie
Response: Blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, and raspberries would all be good in a smoothie
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this text about Major League Baseball, how many games do teams play in the regular season and how many games are played in the World Series.
Context: Major League Baseball (MLB) is a professional baseball organization and the oldest major professional sports league in the world.[B] MLB is composed of 30 teams, divided equally between the National League (NL) and the American League (AL), with 29 in the United States and 1 in Canada. Formed in 1876 and 1901 respectively, the NL and AL cemented their cooperation with the National Agreement in 1903. They remained legally separate entities until 2000, when they merged into a single organization led by the Commissioner of Baseball. MLB is headquartered in Midtown Manhattan. It is considered one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada. 

Each team plays 162 games per season, and six teams in each league advance to a four-round postseason tournament that culminates in the World Series, a best-of-seven championship series between the two league champions first played in 1903. The New York Yankees have the most championships: 27. The reigning champions are the Houston Astros, who defeated the Philadelphia Phillies, 4–2, in the 2022 World Series.
Response: Each team will play 162 games per regular season, with the two top teams playing a best of seven in the World Series Championship.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the words of House Karstark?
Response: "The Sun of Winter"
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How are sub-lets traditionally they handled?
Response: Many properties try to be as hands-off as possible when dealing with sub-lets and others go as far as to deter and make sub-letting as difficult as possible. No follow-up calls to replacement tenants, massive sub-let fees, and even trying to persuade replacement tenants to sign a new lease, with move-in specials. While all this may help your property in the short-run with maintaining and driving your current occupancy up; mishandling sub-lets can be detrimental to your property in the long run. Reputation and brand management are the most important factors in generating new leads and driving traffic to your property. Word-of-mouth reputation, online reviews, and social media platforms all suffer from the hands-off/no sub-letting mindset. No one wants to lease at an apartment that will try to keep him or her in their lease when they need to move back home to tend to a family emergency or transfer schools to better their education. Sub-lets will ALWAYS be a part of your property, regardless of how great your customer service may be.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What does HEMA stand for? ​​
Response: HEMA stands for Historical European Martial Arts. It is a type of martial art that combines the techniques of historical European martial arts with modern techniques.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph, explain who Robert Kiyosaki is?
Context: Robert Toru Kiyosaki (born April 8, 1947) is an American entrepreneur, businessman and author. Kiyosaki is the founder of Rich Global LLC and the Rich Dad Company, a private financial education company that provides personal finance and business education to people through books and videos. The company's main revenues come from franchisees of the Rich Dad seminars that are conducted by independent individuals using Kiyosaki's brand name. He is also the creator of the Cashflow board and software games to educate adults and children about business and financial concepts.

Kiyosaki is the author of more than 26 books, including the international self-published personal finance Rich Dad Poor Dad series of books which has been translated into 51 languages and sold over 41 million copies worldwide. Kiyosaki is the subject of a class action suit filed by people who attended his seminars and has been the subject of two investigative documentaries by CBC Canada and WTAE USA. Kiyosaki's company, Rich Global LLC, filed for bankruptcy in 2012.
Response: Robert Kiyosaki is an American entrepreneur and author who became famous primarily due to his book Rich Dad Poor Dad which has sold over 41 million copies. He is also the founder of Rich Global LLC and the Rich Dad Company, which provide financial education through books and videos. He is undergoing lawsuits related to these companies which in turn are gaining him more press due to documentaries produced on the subject of these lawsuits.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: How can you get to Dry Tortugas National Park?
Context: Dry Tortugas National Park is a national park located about 68 miles (109 km) west of Key West in the Gulf of Mexico, in the United States. The park preserves Fort Jefferson and the seven Dry Tortugas islands, the westernmost and most isolated of the Florida Keys. The archipelago's coral reefs are the least disturbed of the Florida Keys reefs.

Most visitors arrive in Dry Tortugas National Park by either boat or seaplane from Key West. Official ferry and transportation services to the Dry Tortugas include the Yankee Freedom III catamaran, private vessel chartering and seaplane services. Other methods of visiting the Dry Tortugas include chartering of authorized and approved private vessels. There are no road connections to Dry Tortugas, and cars cannot access the islands.
Response: Dry Tortugas National Park can be accessed by seaplane or boat. The official ferry service is Yankee Freedom; private boats can also access the island. The islands that make up Dry Tortugas are located near Key West in the Gulf of Mexcio and cannot be accessed by car.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Imagine you have won the lottery, and have 5 million dollars after tax to spend in San Francisco, where you currently rent a 2 bedroom apartment with three roommates who are your best friends but who you hate living. Describe how you would use the money, keeping in mind you don't have a high paying job so you want to do fun things and also set yourself up for the future.
Response: First, I would use half the money to buy myself my own home in San Francisco. I wouldn't buy anything too fancy, but I would want my own place in a good neighborhood where I wouldn't have to share a room with a roommate. With the remaining 2.5 million I'd set aside 500 thousand in an account for future maintenance of the house and property taxes. Then I'd put aside 1 million for my retirement savings, putting it in a longterm investment account. With the remaining million, I'd use another 500k for short term savings, and put that in a more aggressive investment. I'd spend the rest of the money on a few fun items, like taking a big trip with all of my roommates and buying a new car and some nice clothing. For our trip, we'd live the life of luxury, taking first class flights and staying in nice resorts across the world, visiting places like Paris, Rome, Singapore and Tahiti.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some ways that I can reduce the latency of my API?
Response: To reduce the latency of your API, you could consider caching any database operations you may have, reducing the number of network requests required, or scaling up the number of instances of your server.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Was the new deal successful or a failure to solve the problems of the Great Depression?
Response: The new deal was a success to solve the problems caused by the Great Depression because he took action quickly, he passed many acts, and he kept the moral up for the people.  Franklin Roosevelt writes "This is no usolvable prroblem if we face it wisely and courageously.  It can be accomplished in part by direct recruiting by the Government itself, treating the task as we would treat the emergency of a war."  Roosevelt is saying that unlike Hoover, he was going to take action on what was happening.  Anything he will do will be treated as if it was war because it was affecting them as much as war would.  The New Deal Legislation shows that Franklin Roosevelt had a god relationship with Congress.  11 new acts were passed in 6 years while Rosevelt was in office.  This helps people get jobs, lower prices, and help people get money they deserve.  Roosevelt says "This great Nation will endure as it has endured, will revive and will prosper.  This shows that Rosevelt knows how to lead people even in the hard time.  He knew while it was bad, everyone will look to him, so he can't seem scared and he can't kill the moral of the people.  With all of this, Roosevelt was able to lead the country away from the Great Depression and started to get them out of it.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012?
Context: The San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography is an award given by the San Diego Film Critics Society to honor the finest directing achievements in filmmaking.

Winners
2000s
Year	Winner	Cinematographer(s)
2000	Gladiator	John Mathieson
2001	The Man Who Wasn't There	Roger Deakins
2002	Road to Perdition	Conrad L. Hall
2003	Girl with a Pearl Earring	Eduardo Serra
2004	Hero (Ying xiong)	Christopher Doyle
The Phantom of the Opera	John Mathieson
2005	The New World	Emmanuel Lubezki
2006	The Illusionist	Dick Pope
2007	No Country for Old Men	Roger Deakins
2008	Slumdog Millionaire	Anthony Dod Mantle
2009	The Road	Javier Aguirresarobe
2010s
Year	Winner	Cinematographer(s)
2010	Inception	Wally Pfister
2011	The Tree of Life	Emmanuel Lubezki
2012	Life of Pi	Claudio Miranda
2013	To the Wonder	Emmanuel Lubezki
2014	Nightcrawler	Robert Elswit
2015	Sicario	Roger Deakins
2016	Hell or High Water	Giles Nuttgens
2017	Dunkirk	Hoyte van Hoytema
2018	The Ballad of Buster Scruggs	Bruno Delbonnel
The Rider	Joshua James Richards
2019	The Lighthouse	Jarin Blaschke
2020s
Year	Winner	Cinematographer(s)
2020	Nomadland	Joshua James Richards
Response: Claudio Miranda won the San Diego Film Critics Society Award for Best Cinematography in 2012 as cinematographer for Life of Pi