fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is fiscal policy in economics and political science?
Context: In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable.
Response: In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection (taxes or tax cuts) and expenditure to influence a country's economy. The use of government revenue expenditures to influence macroeconomic variables developed in reaction to the Great Depression of the 1930s, when the previous laissez-faire approach to economic management became unworkable. Fiscal policy is based on the theories of the British economist John Maynard Keynes, whose Keynesian economics theorised that government changes in the levels of taxation and government spending influence aggregate demand and the level of economic activity. Fiscal and monetary policy are the key strategies used by a country's government and central bank to advance its economic objectives. The combination of these policies enables these authorities to target inflation (which is considered "healthy" at the level in the range 2%–3%) and to increase employment. Additionally, it is designed to try to keep GDP growth at 2%–3% and the unemployment rate near the natural unemployment rate of 4%–5%. This implies that fiscal policy is used to stabilise the economy over the course of the business cycle.

Changes in the level and composition of taxation and government spending can affect macroeconomic variables, including:

aggregate demand and the level of economic activity
saving and investment
income distribution
allocation of resources.
Fiscal policy can be distinguished from monetary policy, in that fiscal policy deals with taxation and government spending and is often administered by a government department; while monetary policy deals with the money supply, interest rates and is often administered by a country's central bank. Both fiscal and monetary policies influence a country's economic performance.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the empire state building?
Response: The empire state building is a building in Manhattan, New York.  It is 102 stories high and features an art-deco inner and outer appearance.  It was built in 1931 and is a steel framed skyscraper.  In 1931 it was considered the tallest building in the world until 1971.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a typical Humpback Whale migration pattern
Response: Humpback whales will typically feed in the summer months off the rich waters of Alaska, northern Canada and eastern Russia, and begin their migration to warmer waters of Hawaii or Mexico starting in mid-fall to breed.  The migration takes about 6 to 8 weeks and they begin arriving in Hawaii in late October/early November.  They will stay in warmer regions to breed and calve their babies during winter, and will start their migration back to the polar regions by late March or April.  It is estimated that up to 14,000 whales make this migration to Hawaii every winter.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why does it help to focus on the breath when practicing mindfulness?
Response: The art of meditation, which is another name for the practice of mindfulness, is all about being in the present.  In other words, cultivating an awareness of what is happening in the present moment.  This is done by quietening the mind of all the random thoughts that are being continuously generated, and having the senses alerted to the signals that are being passed in the moment.  The signals are the sensations or emotions or sounds that one is feeling and hearing in the present moment.  To accomplish this, the breath serves as an anchor to the present moment.  Being aware of one's breath keeps us in the present moment.  When the mind eventually wanders, the breath is a signal to tune back into the present moment.  The breath is always with us and can be found in an instant.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Of the living animal species which have been described, which group has the most?
Context: Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and grow from a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. As of 2022, 2.16 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1.05 million are insects, over 36,000 are fishes, around 11,700 are reptiles, over 11,100 are birds, and 6,596 mammals—but it has been estimated there are around 7.77 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from 8.5 micrometres (0.00033 in) to 33.6 metres (110 ft). They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology.
Response: There are 1.05 million (1,050,000) insect species, which is the largest group in the animal kingdom.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: who is Haile Sellassie?
Context: Haile Selassie I (Ge'ez: ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ, romanized: Qädamawi Häylä Səllasé,[nb 2] Amharic pronunciation: [ˈhaɪlə sɨlˈlase] (listen);[nb 3] born Tafari Makonnen; 23 July 1892 – 27 August 1975) was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. He rose to power as Regent Plenipotentiary of Ethiopia (Enderase) for Empress Zewditu from 1916. Haile Selassie is widely considered a defining figure in modern Ethiopian history, and the key figure of Rastafari, a religious movement in Jamaica that emerged shortly after he became emperor in the 1930s. He was a member of the Solomonic dynasty, which claims to trace lineage to Emperor Menelik I, believed to be the son of King Solomon and Makeda the Queen of Sheba.
Response: Haile Selassie (Amharic: ቀዳማዊ ኀይለ ሥላሴ) was a former Emperor of Ethiopia. He ruled the country from 1930 to 1974.  His first name before he became emperor was Ras Teferi Mekonnen. The religion movement, Rastafari, after the name of Ras Teferi Mekonnen, emerged in Jamaica shortly after Haile Selassie became emperor.  His root is from an extended Solomon and Queen of Sheba(Makeda).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who are the people named in the passage?
Context: Lauri Johannes Silván (born 13 March 1932) is a Finnish ice hockey player. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1952 Winter Olympics.
Response: Lauri Johannes Silván
Category: open_qa
Instruction: According to Greek mythology, who was the first woman on earth?
Response: Pandora
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the philosophy of the movie Up?
Response: Ellie is clearly a lot more adventurous than Carl. In fact that is clear in the first few minutes. To Carl, "Spirit of Adventure" is a balloon and for her its an abandoned house. The size, I think, matters because that is the size of the spirit of adventure.

Another thing alluding to her spirit of adventure is the loss of the baby and her subsequent rebounding from the sadness. She takes this grave loss as an adventure in her book. Carl is a good husband to point out that she needs to fulfill her "Things I am going to do" promise to herself, but does not realize how Ellie views the loss of the baby.

Carl is stuck on the aspect of having the house on Paradise island. He thinks that Ellie never lived her adventures and never added to her book since her first wish never got fulfilled. 

When an adventure presents itself in the form of Kevin, Carl, still attached to the past, prefers to fulfill the perceived wish by Ellie. When he does get the home on the water fall, it is clear that he is not satisfied. He can say that the dog nor Kevin are his problems. But when he sits down in his beloved chair, and looks through Ellie book of adventure again, he realizes that Ellie lived her adventures. She had no regrets. Her life was an adventure. And just at the right time, Carl sees the message from her to live his own adventure, i.e. Kevin.

Things become clearer for Carl. He is absolved of his guilt. He realizes that Ellie never felt bad about not being able to have her home on Paradise island. This moment of clarity is what all humans crave for. With this clarity, it was easy for him to be rid of all his attachments. He left behind his and his wife's chairs that he is clearly very attached to.

The message here, at least for the adults to discern and then communicate to the kids is to live your life. Yes you have dreams. But in day to day life, those dreams may not be achieved. Look for adventure. Look to live fully and without attachment to your dreams like Ellie did. Because, then, in living this full life, it just might be that your dream comes true. It just might be that the house is on Paradise island even without you trying like in the end of the movie!
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the best hikes near Portland Oregon.
Response: There are many hikes near Portland Oregon, especially on the Columbia River Gorge. The Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area is the best place to experience the beauty of the Pacific Northwest. The most popular hike in the gorge is Angel’s Rest. This hike is challenging but will only take you a few hours and the payoff is beautiful views of the gorge. Another very popular hike is at Multnomah Falls. This incredible waterfall is over 600 feet tall and makes for some impressive pictures from the bottom or top. You can make this hike as easy or difficult as you want. A lesser known but still incredible hike in the gorge is Hamilton Mountain. You will be treated to some incredible eastern gorge views if you continue on from the peak to the subsequent mountain saddle. When in doubt use the Alltrails app to find hikes in any area your travels take you.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What Are the Gift Ideas for Anime Fans?
Response: Collector edition films, cosplay outfits, limited edition manga comics, tickets to comic-con, flights to Japan.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who create Ben & Jerry's icecream?
Response: Ben & Jerry's ice cream was founded by Ben Cohen and Jerry Greenfield in South Burlington, Vermont.  The ice cream grew in popularity largely due to its exotic flavors which included large chunks of ingredients mixed in with regular ice cream.  This was due to Cohen's server anosmia, a lack of sense and smell, who relied on the textures when creating new flavors.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the shows that Bini the Bunny was featured. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Bini the Bunny is a rabbit, known for a series of videos posted on the internet. Bini is a 10-year-old male Holland Lop rabbit, referred to by the media and fans as the only rabbit in the world who can paint, play basketball, play the guitar/piano and comb and style hair. As of 2017, Bini and his owner, Shai (Asor) Lighter are Guinness Book of World Record holders for the most slam dunks by a rabbit in one minute. Bini's most popular video with over 20 million views was created in 2016, titled "When Your Bunny is Addicted to Arcade Games". Bini's social pages have more than 1 million followers. Bini was featured in various TV shows including The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, two Netflix originals, and participated in America's Got Talent.
Response: The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, two Netflix originals, America's Got Talent.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is one of the main trigger for autism in current generation?
Response: The research has found that exposing infants or kids less than Two years of age to 2 hours of screen time every day can trigger autism and other significant developmental delays. To avoid environmental factors which can trigger autism, it is suggested for parents or care givers to interact with kids and socialize them instead of exposing them to screen time. The research also shows the autism rates are high in nuclear family where the usage of gadgets or multimedia is high.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following is a database or Streaming solution? Oracle, Kinesis, Event hub, SQL Server
Response: Oracle- Database, Kinesis- Streaming solution, Event hub- Streaming solution, SQL Server- Database
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Trumpeter or Trump
Response: Trumpeter
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List the founders of MicroStrategy and surround the first name of the founder who served as CEO in quotes.
Context: MicroStrategy Incorporated is an American company that provides business intelligence (BI), mobile software, and cloud-based services. Founded in 1989 by Michael J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr, the firm develops software to analyze internal and external data in order to make business decisions and to develop mobile apps. It is a public company headquartered in Tysons Corner, Virginia, in the Washington metropolitan area. Its primary business analytics competitors include SAP AG Business Objects, IBM Cognos, and Oracle Corporation's BI Platform. Saylor is the Executive Chairman and, from 1989 to 2022, was the CEO.
Response: "Michael" J. Saylor, Sanju Bansal, and Thomas Spahr
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you live a life full of gratitude?
Response: Each day we are faced with both positive and negative experiences. As humans we tend to focus on the negative experiences, but it is important to recognize that the challenges in life make us stronger and shape us into who we are. To have more gratitude it's important to be grateful for even the small things in life as well. Setting aside time each day to write down the things or people in your life that you're grateful for can help shift your mindset, and train your brain towards gratitude.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is the main character of Naruto?
Context: Naruto is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Masashi Kishimoto. It tells the story of Naruto Uzumaki, a young ninja who seeks recognition from his peers and dreams of becoming the Hokage, the leader of his village. The story is told in two parts—the first set in Naruto's pre-teen years, and the second in his teens. The series is based on two one-shot manga by Kishimoto: Karakuri (1995), which earned Kishimoto an honorable mention in Shueisha's monthly Hop Step Award the following year, and Naruto (1997).
Response: The main character of Naruto is Naruto Uzumaki, a shinobi of the Hidden Leaf Village. His dream in life is to become the Hokage, the strongest ninja in his village. However, he never achieves this, and dies in his battle again Pain, the leader of the Akatsuki, after attempting to avenge his mentor's death. He is then revived by Obito Uchiha using the rinnegan's powers, which can trade the user's life for another's. Naruto then returns to Pain and uses his infamous talk-no-jutsu to convince Pain to stop being evil, which succeeds.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name the three best professional sports teams based in California.
Response: The best professional sports teams based in California are the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Golden State Warriors, and the San Francisco 49ers.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write the synopsis for a spy thriller book.  The story should a team of experts in many various domains of science and technology, all working together to solve a potential global crisis.  Leave the synopsis with a cliff-hanger question.
Response: "The Shadow Experts" tells a story that brings together the world of spying and a group of experts whose goal it is to help "just causes." The heroine, a very secretive individual with a European aristocratic cover, founded a network of specialists whose expertise encompasses a vast swath of current scientific knowledge. It ranges from highly technical fields such as nuclear physics or bio-medical research to others, more qualitative, such as psychology, art and criminology. Each of the members of the network is sworn to secrecy and only rarely meets either the heroine or other members. This network is known as "The Shadow Experts." They all have their own known and public activities, allowing them to stay at the leading edge of their specialty.
Here, The Shadow Experts are hired by the Mossad to help trace a deadly virus which seems to have hit a few geographical pockets with, on the surface, no apparent relationship with one another.
Using novel and at times even experimental equipment, the heroine, with the help of colleagues from "The Shadow Experts" and Mossad agents, works to find the source of the virus, the reasons for its introduction in selective geographies and the best approach to contain its spread. The hunt for the source takes her and members of her informal team around the world. In the process, she discovers a parallel network of criminals linked to a large and dangerous organization and at least one, possibly two countries and their secret services. Will the project prevent the catastrophe that is being planned?
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the climate of Seville, Spain, what's the average temperature during the day, at night, and overall?
Context: Seville has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csa), featuring very hot, dry summers and mild winters with moderate rainfall. Seville has an annual average of 19.2 °C (67 °F). The annual average temperature is 25.4 °C (78 °F) during the day and 13.0 °C (55 °F) at night. Seville is located in the lower part of the Guadalquivir Valley, which is often referred to as "the frying pan of Spain", as it features the hottest cities in the country.

Seville is the warmest city in Continental Europe. It is also the hottest major metropolitan area in Europe, with summer average high temperatures of above 35 °C (95 °F) and also the hottest in Spain. After the city of Córdoba (also in Andalusia), Seville has the hottest summer in continental Europe among all cities with a population over 100,000 people, with average daily highs of 36.0 °C (97 °F) in July.
Response: Seville's average temperature is 19.2 °C (67 °F).

The average temperature during the day is 25.4 °C (78 °F) and the average temperature at night is 13.0 °C (55 °F).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What do colleges consider as part of their admissions process?
Response: Colleges consider the following when considering whether to accept or reject an applicant:
1. GPA
2. Test scores (e.g., SAT, ACT)
3. Extracurricular activities
4. Application essay
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the list of science fiction awards from the paragraph below in the form of bulleted list, each item should include award name and whom is it presented by.
Context: Among the most respected and well-known awards for science fiction are the Hugo Award for literature, presented by the World Science Fiction Society at Worldcon, and voted on by fans; the Nebula Award for literature, presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, and voted on by the community of authors; the John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, presented by a jury of writers; and the Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for short fiction, presented by a jury. One notable award for science fiction films and TV programs is the Saturn Award, which is presented annually by The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films.
Response: - Hugo Award for literature, presented by the World Science Fiction Society.
- Nebula Award for literature, presented by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America.
- John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel, presented by a jury of writers.
- Theodore Sturgeon Memorial Award for short fiction, presented by a jury.
- Saturn Award, presented by by The Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy, and Horror Films.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Is social media good for you ?
Response: There are conflicting views on the impact of social media.  On  the positive end, social media has enabled stronger connections between humans, democratized media creation and access and become a source of entertainment for millions around the world.   On the negative end, it has fostered division between people with differing opinions, used as a means to spread misinformation, contributed to self-esteem issues stemming from mischaracterization of life and contributed towards productivity loss.

In summary, it is safe to conclude that the benefits of social media outdo its negative impact.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the different foods a giant panda eats from this passage in wild and captive. Place them in two separate bulleted lists with heading as 'Wild' and 'Captive'
Context: The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca, sometimes panda bear or simply panda) is a bear species endemic to China. It is characterised by its bold black-and-white coat and rotund body. The name "giant panda" is sometimes used to distinguish it from the red panda, a neighboring musteloid. Though it belongs to the order Carnivora, the giant panda is a folivore, with bamboo shoots and leaves making up more than 99% of its diet. Giant pandas in the wild occasionally eat other grasses, wild tubers, or even meat in the form of birds, rodents, or carrion. In captivity, they may receive honey, eggs, fish, yams, shrub leaves, oranges, or bananas along with specially prepared food.
Response: Wild
- Bamboo shoots
- Leaves
- Grasses
- Wild tubers
- Meat of birds, rodents or carrion

Captive
- Honey
- Eggs
- Fish
- Yams
- Shrub leaves
- Oranges
- Bananas
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are submersibles for?
Response: Submersibles are small, hard-sided vehicles that can dive down deep. It has its own power and air supplies. Some parts of the ocean are way too deep for anyone to swim in, even with diving gear. People need submersibles to explore the deepest parts of the ocean.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me if these are types of rock or types of fungi: sedimentary, yeasts, mildews, metamorphic, igneous, smuts, rusts, molds.
Response: Types of rocks include: sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous. Types of fungi include: yeasts, mildews, smuts, rusts, molds.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the most popular vehicle brands in the United States.
Response: - Toyota
- BMW
- Lexus
- Porsche
- Ford 
- Dodge
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why are kids inquisitive?
Response: Kids are very eager to understand the world around them and tend to ask lots of questions. There is a potential for these characteristics to reduce as kids grow older, either because of other social interactions or having a better understanding of their general environment.
Category: summarization
Instruction: From this paragraph, give me a bullet points of colors sapphires be?
Context: Sapphires are a precious gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum, consisting of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) with trace amounts of elements such as iron, titanium, chromium, copper, or magnesium. It is typically blue, but natural "fancy" sapphires also occur in yellow, purple, orange, and green colors; "parti sapphires" show two or more colors. The only color corundum stone that the term sapphire is not used for is red, which is called a ruby.  Pink colored corundum may be either classified as ruby or sapphire depending on locale. Commonly, natural sapphires are cut and polished into gemstones and worn in jewelry. They also may be created synthetically in laboratories for industrial or decorative purposes in large crystal boules. Because of the remarkable hardness of sapphires – 9 on the Mohs scale (the third hardest mineral, after diamond at 10 and moissanite at 9.5) – sapphires are also used in some non-ornamental applications, such as infrared optical components, high-durability windows, wristwatch crystals and movement bearings, and very thin electronic wafers, which are used as the insulating substrates of special-purpose solid-state electronics such as integrated circuits and GaN-based blue LEDs.
Response: Sapphire can be :
- blue
- yellow
- purple
- orange
- green
- pink
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a short poem about spring
Response: Spring has sprung and I am here
To take in all the joyful cheer
To bask in sunshine and feel the breeze
And watch the butterflies and the bees
The skies are blue, the days are long
The flowers bloom, birds sing their song
I'll spend many hours here on my deck
OW! Something bit me, what the heck?
The bug spray doesn't work, it lied!
That's it, I'm going back inside.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the meaning of Life, The Universe, and Everything?
Response: This topic has been discussed in debt by Theologians, philosophers, and scientists throughout the course of human history.  While most observations about the universe leave the question unanswered the broad strokes are as follows.

Theologians state in many religions that there is an organizing force known as God providing direction to the universe.  Humans that best align with this organizing force or God are guaranteed good fortune in this life or after.  There are variations in humans level of involvement in this process with Christianity requiring a savior (Jesus) for people to enter the afterlife vs achieving a higher state of consciousness in this life or through reincarnation.

Philosophers differ on the meaning of life with predominate views following down the lines of seeking your own fulfillment or the fulfillment of others.  Seeking your own fulfillment has been a major component of capitalism, self-preservation, and risk taking that lead to new discoveries in Science and Technology.  Seeking the fulfillment of others has lead to great advancements in philanthropy, equality, and the general well being of society.  This "social compact" insures stability and provides an expectation that harmful activities like Murder, Robbery, etc are discouraged and punished.

Scientists view this question through the lens of the observable universe.  As such efforts have been made to create a "unifying theory of everything" to show some understandable order to the universe.  Others have focused their study on the improbability of how humans could have been created in a universe with seemingly random and infinite chance.  Some scientists have conceded that the question is something Science is ill-fitted to answer.

Most importantly Douglas Adams, a prominent British author specializing in absurdity, answered the question in the book "The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy" with the answer "42."
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a brief history of the world as told from the perspective of a redwood.
Response: The first thing I remember is darkness.  I had found myself nestled under a pile of leaves and broken branches, just starting to sprout from an old rotting stump.  It was pretty warm.  As I peeked into the crisp new air, I saw ferns, spiders, and buzzing flies surrounding me.  But the thing that caught my attention most of all was the bright blue sky.  I wondered what was out there and if I would ever get to see it.  I had just met this world and wanted to learn so much more.  But I was only 3 inches tall and couldn't see much of anything.  So I waited.

As I got taller, the days began to feel shorter.  My favorite part of the day was feeling the wind blow through my newly acquired canopy of needles.  It wasn't much to look at, but I was proud.  I'd often stare at the giant trees around me.  How I yearned to be one of the tall redwoods.  They were kings of the forest; nothing stood taller.  I wanted to see what they could see from way up there.  One day I'll be one of them.

Days turned to weeks, and weeks turned into years, and it all felt so rushed that I could hardly keep track of the changing world around me.  I had grown tall enough to see through a clearing in the upper canopy.  Beyond our patch of trees was a mountain of countless others.  Looking out into the endless distance, I began to feel small.  What a strange feeling.  One cloudy day, I saw a lightning bolt strike a hilltop.  Soon enough, bright orange flames erupted across the horizon.  What a peculiar sight.  What began as a curiosity soon became terror as the fire rushed closer to my area of the woods.  I could feel the warm wind on my face as the fire grew more prominent.  Mercifully, the dark clouds hanging overhead opened up to a torrential downpour.  Cold pelting raindrops replaced the warm breeze, night fell over the mountain, and the forest breathed a sigh of relief.  

I awoke to a strange sight when the sun returned the next day.  What was once hundreds of proud redwoods was now a deep black scar on the mountain.  That would be me one day.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why zurich is so beautiful
Response: Because of it's lake, The most beautiful place in Zurich
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract all of the names of people mentioned in this paragraph and list them using bullets in the format {Name}
Context: The 56.5 acres (22.9 ha) park is an example of a Depression Era public works project that was constructed between 1936 and 1938 by the Works Progress Administration (WPA). James Depew Edmundson, an Iowa attorney who grew up in Oskaloosa, gave a $20,000 bequest to the city to establish a park. City engineer Don Russell saw the New Deal program as an opportunity to add value to the project. The park is the work of landscape architect Ray F. Wyrick. Its structures were designed in the rustic style that was promoted by the National Park Service between 1916 and 1942 for parks supported by all levels of government.
Response: • James Depew Edmundson
• Don Russell
• Ray F. Wyrick
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Who are the last three french presidents ?
Response: Nicolas Sarkozy was the president from May 2007 to May 2012 then Francois Hollande from May 2012 to May 2017 and finally Emmanuel Macron from May 2017 to now
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What does a geologist do?
Response: A geologist studies rocks that come from the earth.  They evaluate the composition of rocks in order to determine how long ago layers in rock formations were formed.  They are able to give us a clear objective history of how the earth was formed and how it has adapted over time.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following races do participants run in? A marathon, a triathlon, an aqua bike?
Response: A marathon and a triathlon
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the cities based on whether they are located in Namibia or Yemen.
Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati, Al Ḩudaydah
Response: Namibia - Windhoek, Rundu, Oshakati
Yemen - Sanaa, Ta‘izz, Al Ḩudaydah
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some of the most well-known castles in the Loire Valley in France?
Response: The list of castles includes Château de Cheverny, Château de Chambord, Château de Chenonceau, Château d'Azay-le-Rideau, Château de Villandry, Château d'Amboise, and Château de Chaumont.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify these countries into these continents (Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Australia/Oceania): Morocco, Vietnam, New Zealand, Chad, Afghanistan, Jordan, Lebanon, Monaco, Malta, Dominica, Paraguay
Response: - Asia: Vietnam, Afghanistan, Jordan, Lebanon
- Africa: Morocco, Chad
- Europe: Monaco, Malta
- North America: Dominica
- South America: Paraguay
- Australia/Oceania: New Zealand
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name different games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas.
Response: Games that can be played at a casino in Las Vegas include poker, blackjack, roulette, slot machines, and craps.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this paragraph, how many younger siblings did Kennedy have?
Context: Kennedy was born on February 22, 1932, at St. Margaret's Hospital in the Dorchester section of Boston, Massachusetts. He was the youngest of the nine children of Joseph Patrick Kennedy and Rose Fitzgerald, members of prominent Irish American families in Boston. They constituted one of the wealthiest families in the nation after their marriage. His eight siblings were Joseph Jr., John, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, and Jean. His older brother John asked to be the newborn's godfather, a request his parents honored, though they did not agree to his request to name the baby George Washington Kennedy (Ted was born on President George Washington's 200th birthday). They named the boy after their father's assistant.
Response: Based on this paragraph, Kennedy had no younger siblings, as he was the youngest of nine children.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Pearl Mill Village Historic District, tell me where it is located.
Context: Pearl Mill Village Historic District is a national historic district located at Durham, Durham County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 26 contributing residential buildings built by owners of Pearl Cotton Mills. The mill village dwellings are either two-story duplex type built about 1905 or a one-story bungalow constructed about 1924.
Response: The Pearl Mill Village Historic District is in Durham, North Carolina.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Make a list of 10 things I should buy at the grocery store.
Response: Eggs, milk, yogurt, bread, deli meat, cheese, spinach, apples, chicken breast, chocolate
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: According to Sanderson's Law of Magic, what is the difference between hard and soft magic?
Context: The idea of hard magic and soft magic was popularized by Sanderson for world building and creating magic systems in fictional settings. The terminology of hard and soft originate from hard and soft sciences, which lends itself towards hard science fiction and soft science fiction. Both terms are approximate ways of characterizing two ends of a spectrum. Hard magic systems follow specific rules, the magic is controlled and explained to the reader in the narrative detailing the mechanics behind the way the magic 'works' and can be used for building settings that revolve around the magic system. Soft magic systems may not have clearly defined rules or limitations, or they may provide limited exposition regarding their workings. They are used to create a sense of wonder to the reader.
Response: Hard magic is always strictly constrained by a set of rules which can simulate a more ordered world to the reader, while soft magic if more flexible, has no clearly defined limitations and can be used to imbue a sense of wonder to the reader.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is muscular hypertrophy?
Response: Muscular hypertrophy is the process of increasing the size of muscles.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is a common nickname to the Olivella rehderi?
Context: Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Response: The Olivella rehderi are commonly called dwarf olives.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What's the population of Mattim Birta?
Context: Mattim Birta is a town and Village Development Committee in Khotang District in the Sagarmatha Zone of eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 5,021 persons residing in 899 individual households.
Response: The population of Mattim Birta in Nepal is 5,021 people.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What category do these items belong to:
- Apple
- Pear
- Banana
- Orange
- Pineapple
- Guava

The possible categories are: Fruits, Vegetables, Minerals.
Response: These items are all fruits. All of the items listed develop from flowers after they wilt and contain seeds. They are not vegetables because they are not stems, roots or tubers. They are not minerals because they are living things.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following as either memoir, autobiography or biography: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.
Response: The following are memoirs: Personal Memoirs of Ulysses S. Grant by Ulysses S. Grant, Confessions of a Bookseller by Shaun Bythell, H is for Hawk by Helen Macdonald.

The following are autobiographies: The Diary of a Young Girl by Anne Frank, The Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin by Benjamin Franklin, Long Walk to Freedom by Nelson Mandela.

The following are biographies: Einstein: The Life and Times by Ronald William Clark, Benjamin Franklin: An American Life by Walter Isaacson.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following as an animal or plant. Polar bear, Oak Tree, Venus Flytrap, Shire Horse, Aloe vera, Golden retriever
Response: The following are animals:
Polar bear
Shire horse
Golden retriever

The following are plants: 
Oak Tree
Venus Flytrap
Aloe Vera
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Do RVs have bathrooms?
Response: Whether or not RVs have bathrooms, and the type of bathroom, depends on the RV. Most larger RVs have a “dry bath”. “Dry” means that there is a stand-alone shower. Some showers in dry baths are very small, and some are the size of residential showers. Many smaller RVs have “wet baths”, meaning there is no separate shower. There is a shower nozzle in the bathroom space, and when taking a shower everything in the space gets wet (including the toilet, shelves, walls, etc). Wet baths are usually carefully designed so that everything in the bathroom can get wet without damage. Some RVs do not have bathrooms, but have toilets that are hidden in a cabinet and slide out. This is more common in DIY conversions.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How to evaluate an equation with multiple operations?
Response: Use PEMDAS (Parantheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition and Substraction) as the order in which calculations are performed
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of amazing noise cancelling headphones in 2023
Response: 1. Sony WH-1000XM5 - Amazing for great music and also for taking office video calls
2. Apple AirPods Max - Ideal for apple fanatics
3. Sennheiser Momentum 4 Wireless - Great brand and product
4. Sony WH-1000XM4 - yes previous version are equally good and much more affordable on your pocket.
5. Bowers & Wilkins PX7 S2
6. Bose QuietComfort 45 - State of the art noise cancellation
7. Anker SoundCore Space Q45 - Great price and quality.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Can artificial intelligence and large language models replace software engineers?
Response: While it is unlikely that artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) while replace high performing software engineers in the near future, there is certainly an argument that these technologies could make engineers much more productive. This in turn could reduce the need and therefore replace lower level software engineering positions. These kinds of cultural and organizational changes will likely take time. Another important dynamic to consider is that generative AI technology could significantly lower the barrier to entry for these positions while also driving the need for newer kinds of roles based on the use of this technology platform.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a quartz watch and a mechanical watch?
Response: A quartz watch utilizes an electronic mechanism and a quart crystal to provide a highly accurate time of day.  A mechanical watch is able to provide an accurate time of day based on a non-electronic mechanism.  Instead, a mainspring is used to provide energy to the mechanical mechanism
Category: summarization
Instruction: What wines are made in Napa Valley?
Context: A trend of larger national and international companies like E & J Gallo Winery, Diageo and Constellation Brands buying smaller wineries, vineyards and brands began to gain momentum in the early part of the 21st century. Today Napa Valley features more than 450 wineries that grow grape varieties including Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Pinot noir, Merlot, Zinfandel, among others. While winemakers may produce wines from specific AVAs within the valley, many wines are made as a blend from grapes grown on the valley floor and the surrounding hillsides.
Response: Napa Valley grows a wide variety of wine grapes. Initially, they were made famous for Cabernet Sauvignon and Chardonnay. Today they also produce Pinot Noir, Merlot, and Zinfandel.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What is the best breakfast to order when out with friends?
Response: Eggs benedict is a superior breakfast or brunch choice. It is easy to eat, provides hearty sustenance, and is a dish that is often prepared with some creativity tailored to local specialties. While most eggs benedict have the core components of a poached egg and an english muffin there are endless variations, so it is an option you will likely be able to order again and again.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How to do forecasting with small dataset?
Response: Forecasting with small datasets can be challenging, as many traditional methods require larger amounts of data for accurate predictions.
Here are few approaches that can help you.

Simple moving average: This involves taking the average of a certain number of past data points, and using it as the forecast for the next period. This method can be effective for stable time series with no trend or seasonality.

Exponential smoothing: This method assigns exponentially decreasing weights to past observations, with more recent observations being given more weight. This method can be effective for time series with trend and/or seasonality.

ARIMA: The AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is a popular choice for time series forecasting. It can be effective for small datasets if the underlying data follows a pattern that can be modeled using an ARIMA model.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the route to eternal happiness?
Response: Being at peace with oneself is the route to happiness. When our minds are not running after material goals but instead being comfortable in the current and now, that's what leads to sustained happiness. Else one is running after temporal happiness, which come in the form of something that satisfies us in the moment but us not sustaining - e.g. watching TV or eating good food. Eternal happiness comes from the state of mind and not from achieving a goal we are conditioned towards
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some good body weight exercises for shoulders?
Response: Good body weight exercises for shoulders include plank front arm reaches, pike pushups, plank shoulder taps, arm circles, and dolphin presses.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From this passage, tell me what was the highest grossing movie in 2022 and what was the second highest grossing movie?
Context: Avatar: The Way of Water became the 51st film to gross $ 1 billion worldwide, the sixth film to gross $2 billion worldwide, the sixth-fastest film to cross the billion-dollar mark at 14 days, the second-fastest to gross the $2 billion mark, the highest grossing film of 2022, and the highest-grossing film of the COVID-19 pandemic era.
It had the 11th-biggest global opening of all time and the third-biggest global opening for a film in the pandemic era behind Spider-Man: No Way Home and Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness, earning $441.7 million in its first weekend.
It also achieved the second-highest global opening weekend ever for a film released in IMAX cinemas with $48.8 million.
With the release of Avatar: The Way of Water, Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures led over other film distributors in worldwide box office grosses and crossed the $4.9 billion mark for the eighth year. Disney’s cumulative gross was generated from 16 film releases across its various studio divisions.
Top Gun: Maverick became the 49th film to gross $1 billion worldwide.
Additionally, the film surpassed Mission: Impossible – Fallout (2018) to become Tom Cruise's highest-grossing film of all time at the worldwide box office and also surpassed War of the Worlds (2005) to become Cruise's highest-grossing film at the domestic box office.
It also passed The Mummy (2017) as Cruise's biggest opening weekend at the worldwide box office and also passed War of the Worlds (2005) as Cruise's biggest opening at the domestic box office and his first film to open to over $100 million in the US.
It also passed Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), another Jerry Bruckheimer produced movie, to have the highest Memorial Day opening weekend and passed Shrek 2 (2004) to have the lowest second-weekend drop for a movie that made over $100M in its opening weekend.
The film surpassed Transformers: Dark of the Moon (2011) to become the highest-grossing film distributed solely by Paramount Pictures worldwide, and Titanic (1997) to become Paramount's highest grossing film in the United States and Canada.
Response: The highest grossing movie in 2022 is Avatar The way of Water, which grossed $2B worldwide. I unfortunately cannot tell what was the second highest grossing movie as that information is not available in the passage you shared with me
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: When were the most recent eruptions of Mount Hood?
Context: The last three eruptions at Mount Hood occurred within the past 1,800 years from vents high on the southwest flank and produced deposits that were distributed primarily to the south and west along the Sandy and Zigzag rivers. The last eruptive period took place around 220 to 170 years ago, when dacitic lava domes, pyroclastic flows and mudflows were produced without major explosive eruptions. The prominent Crater Rock just below the summit is hypothesized to be the remains of one of these now-eroded domes. This period includes the last major eruption of 1781 to 1782 with a slightly more recent episode ending shortly before the arrival of the explorers Lewis and Clark in 1805. The latest minor eruptive event occurred in August 1907.
Response: Mount Hood most recently erupted around 220 to 170 years ago. The most recent major Mount Hood eruptions occurred between the years of 1781 to 1782 and again in 1805. The latest minor eruption occurred in August 1907.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What does the Gini coefficient measure?
Context: In economics, the Gini coefficient, also known as the Gini index or Gini ratio, is a measure of statistical dispersion intended to represent the income inequality or the wealth inequality or the consumption inequality within a nation or a social group. It was developed by statistician and sociologist Corrado Gini.
The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income. A Gini coefficient of 0 reflects perfect equality, where all income or wealth values are the same, while a Gini coefficient of 1 (or 100%) reflects maximal inequality among values. For example, if everyone has the same income, the Gini coefficient will be 0. In contrast, a Gini coefficient of 1 indicates that within a group of people, a single individual has all the income or consumption, while all others have none.
The Gini coefficient was proposed by Corrado Gini as a measure of inequality of income or wealth.  For OECD countries, in the late 20th century, considering the effect of taxes and transfer payments, the income Gini coefficient ranged between 0.24 and 0.49, with Slovenia being the lowest and Mexico the highest. African countries had the highest pre-tax Gini coefficients in 2008–2009, with South Africa having the world's highest, estimated to be 0.63 to 0.7, although this figure drops to 0.52 after social assistance is taken into account, and drops again to 0.47 after taxation. The global income Gini coefficient in 2005 has been estimated to be between 0.61 and 0.68 by various sources.
Response: The Gini coefficient measures the inequality among values of a frequency distribution, such as levels of income.