fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are some common wilderness and survival skills?
Response: Some common survival skills are ones that do not rely on carrying specific equipment but do require a working knowledge of prior to being stranded int he wilderness. Being able to use a map and compass is top of mind, as if you are lost ,finding your way back to civilization in short order is critical, particularly if you have little to no supplies. Being able to create shelter in adverse weather is also necessary, as humans exposed to harsh elements to extended periods have a smaller chance of survival. Since food and water are also paramount to survival, understanding your best chances on locating water that is safe to drink or that can be purified using natural resources is a skill set most would consider critical; almost equally, knowing what in nature is edible for foraging will help fuel someone. An example is being able to identify which mushrooms or berries are safe versus toxic. Lastly, being able to monitor one's own vital signs to avoid situations like hypothermia are important, because hypothermia is considered a "silent killer."
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name some Ivy League schools
Response: Some Ivy League schools are Cornell, Harvard, Yale, Dartmouth and Columbia
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Does Alaska have six months of darkness and six months of light?
Response: Contrary to what many people assume, Alaska does not have six exact months of darkness and six months of light. Depending on the time of year and the tilt of the Earth on its axis, Alaska will receive significantly less or more daylight than the contiguous United States due to how much closer the land is positioned near the North Pole. The further away from the equator means the more extreme the sun exposure or darkness will be. The northernmost city in Alaska, Utqiagvik, will be plunged in perpetual darkness for 64 days in the winter time; conversely, in the summer time, a similar amount of time will experience perpetual sunlight.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is the oldest part of Boston to live in, based on the historic neighborhood?
Context: Charlestown is the oldest neighborhood in Boston, Massachusetts, in the United States. Originally called Mishawum by the Massachusett tribe, it is located on a peninsula north of the Charles River, across from downtown Boston, and also adjoins the Mystic River and Boston Harbor waterways. Charlestown was laid out in 1629 by engineer Thomas Graves, one of its earliest settlers, during the reign of Charles I of England. It was originally a separate town and the first capital of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.

Charlestown became a city in 1848 and was annexed by Boston on January 5, 1874. With that, it also switched from Middlesex County, to which it had belonged since 1643, to Suffolk County. It has had a substantial Irish-American population since the migration of Irish people during the Great Irish Famine of the 1840s. Since the late 1980s, the neighborhood has changed dramatically because of its proximity to downtown and its colonial architecture. A mix of yuppie and upper-middle-class gentrification has influenced much of the area, as it has in many of Boston's neighborhoods, but Charlestown still maintains a strong Irish-American population.

In the 21st century, Charlestown's diversity has expanded dramatically, along with growing rates of the very poor and very wealthy. Today Charlestown is a largely residential neighborhood, with much housing near the waterfront, overlooking the Boston skyline. Charlestown is home to many historic sites, hospitals and organizations, with access from the Orange Line Sullivan Square or Community College stops or the I-93 expressway.
Response: Charlestown, Massachusetts
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Lotus Mark IX, who designed the car?
Context: The Lotus Mark IX (1955) was an aluminium-bodied sports racing car manufactured by Lotus Engineering Ltd. About thirty of the Mark IX sports racing cars were made. It was closely related to the Lotus model Mark VIII (1954), of which only about seven cars were made. These cars were largely based on the innovative space frame of the Lotus Mark VI (1952). The highly aerodynamic bodies were designed by Frank Costin and constructed by Williams & Pritchard Limited.

During this early era, of 1954–1955, Lotus Engineering was still a fledgling company, and cars were delivered in different states of completion on special orders. Similar to the Mark VIII, the Mark IX was available in various configurations and different engines, including the 1500 cc MG, 1500 cc Connaught and 2-litre Bristol were fitted. However, the Mark IX designation is most often powered by the 1100 cc Coventry Climax engine. Apparently, two models of Mark IX were offered – the "Club" and the "Le Mans", the latter of which had larger drum brakes fitted.
Response: The Lotus Mark IX was designed by Frank Costin.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a short story about a cat named Bistro that is full of adventure.
Response: Bistro patiently waited outside his backdoor in the early afternoon. The clouds were starting to clear, revealing the first full sunlight of what had been a dreary spring day in Seattle. As Bistro sat pondering his afternoon plans, he saw something red out of the corner of his eye! a small brown dog with a red collar was sprinting down the alley! 

Unable to resist, Bistro leapt to his feet and immediately gave chase. They bounded along together, with Bistro slowly closing the gap. They ran through the neighborhood park, narrowly avoiding the  large black lab that plays on the baseball field. After 10 blocks, the small brown dog came to a quick halt. It wagged it's tail and waited patiently outside the front door of a blue house. The owner of the house opened the door, letting both Bistro and the dog inside. Bistro quickly realized he had made a mistake! The dog lived there and now he was far from home and didn't know his way back.

The next morning, the dog and its owner went for a walk around the neighborhood. They were able to find Bistro family and brought it home safely immediately. Hooray for Bistro!
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me whether these songs are performed by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds or by Radiohead: Karma Police, The Good Son, The Mercy Seat, Creep, Planet Telex, Deanna, Pyramid Song, Airbag, Tupelo, Into My Arms, The National Anthem, Morning Bell, Lament, Idioteque, Red Right Hand, Straight To You
Response: The following songs are performed by Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds:
The Good Son, The Mercy Seat, Deanna, Tupelo, Into My Arms, Lament, Red Right Hand, Straight To You
The following songs are performed by Radiohead:
Karma Police, Creep, Planet Telex, Pyramid Song, Airbag, The National Anthem, Morning Bell, Idioteque,
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Joëlle Boutin?
Context: Joëlle Boutin (born October 2, 1979) is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the National Assembly of Quebec in a byelection on December 2, 2019. She represents the electoral district of Jean-Talon as a member of the Coalition Avenir Québec.
Response: Joëlle Boutin is a Canadian politician and member of the National Assembly of Quebec. She is a member of the Coalition Avenir Quebec and represents the electoral district of Jean-Talon.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Where should I go this summer?
Response: It depends, for many people, a summer destination is all about going to a nice beach, enjoying the sunshine and relaxing. For others summer vacation is about going on a new adventure to explore a nice country, city or a cool nearby village. 
Here are some ideas for a summer vacation if you are interested in traveling to Europe
Road trip across the Amalfi coast for one week. 
Cruising around the Croatian islands. 
Ancient history tour in Rome, Vatican City & Athens.
Enjoy the beautiful beaches in Southern France. 
There are many other beautiful places to visit but this will depend on your budget, duration and your interests.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the primary features of a gravity hill given the following description?
Context: A gravity hill, also known as a magnetic hill, mystery hill, mystery spot, gravity road, or anti-gravity hill, is a place where the layout of the surrounding land produces an optical illusion, making a slight downhill slope appear to be an uphill slope. Thus, a car left out of gear will appear to be rolling uphill against gravity. Hundreds of gravity hills are recognized worldwide.
Response: The gravity hill optical illusion is defined by having the following characteristics:

1. A downhill slope will appear to be an uphill slope
2.  Objects appear to be rolling uphill against gravity
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is it possible to visit the German Bundestag?
Response: Yes, it is possible for tourists to visit the Bundestag. With prior registration, you can enter the roof terrace and the dome. From there, visitors have a view of the parliament and Berlin's skyline. The visitor area is open seven days a week, with the exception of public holidays, such as Christmas. The last admission is at 9:45 PM.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What kind of species is the Olivella rehderi
Response: Olivella rehderi is a species of small sea snail, marine gastropod mollusk in the subfamily Olivellinae, in the family Olividae, the olives. Species in the genus Olivella are commonly called dwarf olives.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What's next generation energy?
Response: Currently we have solar energy everywhere. It still can't replace the oil as the main energy source. Most likely if we can break through the nuclear power technology, it will be the next generation energy. It's much more cleaner and powerful.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which episode does Jon Snow lead a battle where he is outnumbered by Ramsey Bolton?
Response: "Battle of the Bastards" is the ninth episode of the sixth season of Game of Thrones which had the massive battle between Jon Snow and Ramsey Bolton. Ramsey Bolton ultimately lost, thanks to Lord Baelish bringing fighters from the Vale to support Jon Snow.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What makes bread rise?
Response: There are various techniques and ingredients used in the bread making process to make it rise. Yeast can be used in the dough which will activate and the dough will rise over a number of hours (or even days) depending on the type of bread you are making. Another method is natural fermentation ie sourdough. Sourdough bread rises by using a "pre-ferment" or sourdough starter when mixing the dough. Typically sourdough requires a longer rise time for the development of the air bubbles and the sour taste by which the name comes from.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Give me a summary of how to determine if a number is prime or not.
Context: A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that is not a product of two smaller natural numbers. A natural number greater than 1 that is not prime is called a composite number. For example, 5 is prime because the only ways of writing it as a product, 1 × 5 or 5 × 1, involve 5 itself. However, 4 is composite because it is a product (2 × 2) in which both numbers are smaller than 4. Primes are central in number theory because of the fundamental theorem of arithmetic: every natural number greater than 1 is either a prime itself or can be factorized as a product of primes that is unique up to their order.
Response: A prime number is a number greater than one that cannot be the product of two smaller numbers besides 1 and itself (e.g., the number 5 is prime because the only product of two smaller numbers is 5 and 1).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract when the Blue Angels formed
Context: The Blue Angels are a flight demonstration squadron of the United States Navy. Formed in 1946, the unit is the second oldest formal aerobatic team in the world, after the French Patrouille de France formed in 1931. The team, composed of six Navy and one Marine Corps demonstration pilot, fly Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornets.
Response: The mission of the United States Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron is to showcase the pride and professionalism of the United States Navy and Marine Corps by inspiring a culture of excellence and service to the country through flight demonstrations and community outreach.  The Blue Angels are a flight demonstration squadron of the United States Navy that formed in 1946
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal is domesticated or wild: Cows (Cattle), Cheetah
Response: Cheetah is wild, Cows (Cattle) is domesticated.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Suggest some ranged weapons for role playing games.
Response: Ranged weapons include the bow, shotgun, rifle and cannon.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What commercial airports are near Philmont Training Center (PTC)?
Context: The Philmont Training Center (PTC), located at the Philmont Scout Ranch near Cimarron, New Mexico, has been the National Training Center of the Boy Scouts of America (BSA) since 1950. The PTC offers week-long training conferences from June through September for council, district, and unit volunteers, BSA professionals, and youth leaders with several conferences taking place each week. The PTC also offers activities for family members including hikes throughout the week and a week-long backpacking program called a Mountain Trek for youth ages 14 to 20. Nearby commercial airports are the Albuquerque International Sunport airport, Denver International Airport, Colorado Springs Airport, Pueblo Memorial Airport with service to Denver, and Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport.
Response: Nearby commercial airports for The Philmont Training Center (PTC) include Albuquerque International Sunport airport, Denver International Airport, Colorado Springs Airport, Pueblo Memorial Airport with service to Denver, and Rick Husband Amarillo International Airport.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which episodes of season two of Game of Thrones did David Nutter direct?
Response: David Nutter directed the sixth and seventh episodes of the second season of Game of Thrones.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Symptoms of Sick Liver
Response: Skin and eyes that appear jaundice
Abdominal pain and swelling
Swelling in the legs and ankles
Dark urine colour
Pale stool colour
Chronic fatigue
Nausea or vomiting
Loss of appetite
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When was the Philippine House Committee elevated into a standing committee
Response: The Philippine House Committee on Sustainable Development Goals, or House Sustainable Development Goals Committee is a standing committee of the Philippine House of Representatives.

Originally designated as a special committee, it was elevated into a standing committee on March 10, 2020.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What do you do when Southwest cancels your flight?
Response: Call their customer service, hold for at least an hour. Chances are that the call will be disconnected before anyone responds. Next, try to find a super-expensive last minute flight on another airline. Once you reach home after a day or so, remember, sometimes badly written airline software can lead to unforeseen delays
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: write a short essay fire fighters working on California wild fires
Response: The wildfires that rage through California every year are some of the most destructive and dangerous natural disasters that the state faces. The firefighters who work tirelessly to control these fires are some of the bravest and most dedicated professionals in the world.

Firefighters working on California wildfires are faced with enormous challenges. The fires can spread quickly, fueled by strong winds and dry conditions, and can be difficult to control. Firefighters often work long hours in dangerous conditions, battling flames that can reach hundreds of feet high.

Despite the risks, California's firefighters are highly trained and equipped with state-of-the-art technology to help them do their jobs. They use a range of tools, from helicopters and bulldozers to chainsaws and shovels, to contain the fires and prevent them from spreading.

Firefighters working on California wildfires come from all over the state and sometimes from other states as well. They work together in teams, coordinating their efforts to make the most effective use of resources and manpower. They work not just to control the fires, but also to help people who have been affected by them, offering shelter and support to those who have lost their homes or businesses.

The bravery and dedication of California's firefighters cannot be overstated. They put their lives on the line to protect others, working tirelessly to control fires that threaten entire communities. Their work is essential to the safety and well-being of the state's residents, and they are rightly celebrated as heroes for their efforts.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: how do you smoke a brisket?
Response: you first need to fire up your smoker, traditionally in texas this would be an offset smoker. You trim your brisket to a quarter inch of fat ontop and make this arrowdynamic. You then season generously with salt and pepper. when your smoker reached a temperature of 250  you insert the brisket. You should burn a clean fire with only hard wood such as oak, beech, post oak, apple, cherry or nut wood. the smoke out of the smoke stack should be blue almost invisible. you then smoke the brisket until it reaches an internal temp of 165 if the exterior is nice and dark, take the brisket wrap it with beef tallow in butchers paper add bac to the smoker and let smoke until reaching an internal temperature of 205. then preheat an oven to 150 and place the brisket in the oven overnight. serve for lunch the day after or after resting for at least 10-12 hours. enjoy
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this reference text about Jimmy John's, where was the original Jimmy John's located?
Context: After Jimmy John Liautaud graduated second to last in his class at Elgin Academy in 1982, his father gave him a choice to either join the Army or start a business. Although his father wanted him to enlist, the younger Liautaud chose the latter, and his father agreed to loan him $25,000 in exchange for a 48% stake in the business. Initially Jimmy John wanted to open a hot dog stand, but after visiting numerous such stands throughout the summer of 1982, he realized the $25,000 would not be enough for such a venture. After a chance encounter at a sandwich shop, Jimmy John realized that he could open a sandwich shop within his available budget by purchasing premium meats at a neighborhood market and baking his own bread. With the help of his family as tasters, he decided to put four sandwiches on his original menu. Paying $200 a month in rent, Liautaud could only afford used equipment consisting of a refrigerator, a chest freezer, an oven, and a meat slicer.

On January 13, 1983, Jimmy John's Gourmet Sandwiches opened in Charleston, Illinois. Due to the poor location of his first store, Liautaud decided to include delivery of his sandwiches to boost sales. He began by bringing samples door-to-door to the dorms of nearby Eastern Illinois University, which he had attended for one semester.
Response: The original Jimmy John's was located in Charleston, Illinois.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write an friendly, convincing e-mail to my landlord asking whether I can get a dog
Response: Hello landlord, 

Due to the COVID pandemic, my mental health has taken a big hit where I feel like I am now struggling with depression and anxiety. After speaking with my therapist, they recommended that getting a support animal would help alleviate both symptoms. 

I know that there is a no pet policy here, but I was wondering if you can make an exception? Please let me know what I can do to help accommodate.

Thank you! 

- Jonathan
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: what is the most talented NBA basketball team of all time?
Response: The 2017-2018 Golden State Warriors are widely considered the most talented NBA basketball team of all time. With the addition of Kevin Durant to a roster that already included all-stars Stephen Curry, Klay Thompson, and Draymond Green, the Warriors had the most talented team in the league. This team went on to win the NBA title.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What year was the car manufacturer Ferrari founded in?
Response: Ferrari was founded in 1939 from the Alfa Romeo racing division as Auto Avio Costruzioni, the company built its first car in 1940, and produced its first Ferrari-badged car in 1947.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this text, tell me the inventor of the Rueben sandwich and where it was invented.
Context: One origin story holds that Reuben Kulakofsky (his first name sometimes spelled Reubin; his last name sometimes shortened to Kay), a Lithuanian-born Jewish grocer residing in Omaha, Nebraska, asked for a sandwich made of corned beef and sauerkraut at his weekly poker game held in the Blackstone Hotel from around 1920 through 1935. The participants, who nicknamed themselves "the committee", included the hotel's owner, Charles Schimmel. Schimmel's son, who worked in the kitchen, made the first Reuben for him, adding Swiss cheese and thousand island dressing to his order, putting the whole thing on rye bread. The sandwich first gained local fame when Schimmel put it on the Blackstone's lunch menu, and its fame spread when a former employee of the hotel won the national sandwich idea contest with the recipe. In Omaha, Nebraska, March 14 was proclaimed Reuben Sandwich Day.

Another account holds that the Reuben's creator was Arnold Reuben, the German-Jewish owner of Reuben's Delicatessen (1908–2001) in New York City. According to an interview with Craig Claiborne, Arnold Reuben created the "Reuben Special" around 1914. Bernard Sobel in his 1953 book, Broadway Heartbeat: Memoirs of a Press Agent states that the sandwich was an extemporaneous creation for Marjorie Rambeau, inaugurated when the Broadway actress visited the Reuben's Delicatessen one night when the cupboards were particularly bare.

Still other versions give credit to Alfred Scheuing, a chef at Reuben's Delicatessen, and say he created the sandwich for Reuben's son, Arnold Jr., in the 1930s.
Response: There is no single agreed inventor of the Reuben sandwich. The text gives these possible answers:
*  Reuben Kulakofsky invented the sandwich in Omaha, Nebraska
* Arnold Reuben invented the sandwich at Reuben's Delicatessen in New York City
* Alfred Scheuing invented the sandwich at Reuben's Delicatessen in New York City
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Lollapalooza, where does it take place, who started it and what is it?
Context: Lollapalooza /ˌlɒləpəˈluːzə/ (Lolla) is an annual American four-day music festival held in Grant Park in Chicago. It originally started as a touring event in 1991, but several years later, Chicago became its permanent location. Music genres include but are not limited to alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. Lollapalooza has also featured visual arts, nonprofit organizations, and political organizations. The festival, held in Grant Park, hosts an estimated 400,000 people each July and sells out annually. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic music festivals in the world and one of the longest-running in the United States.

Lollapalooza was conceived and created in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singer of the group Jane's Addiction.
Response: Lollapalooze is an annual musical festival held in Grant Park in Chicago, Illinois. It was started in 1991 as a farewell tour by Perry Farrell, singe of the group Jane's Addiction. The festival includes an array of musical genres including alternative rock, heavy metal, punk rock, hip hop, and electronic dance music. The festivals welcomes an estimated 400,000 people each year and sells out annually. Some notable headliners include: the Red Hot Chili Peppers, Chance the Rapper, Metallica, and Lady Gage. Lollapalooza is one of the largest and most iconic festivals in the world and a staple of Chicago.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the founders of Bloomberg L.P. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Bloomberg L.P. is a privately held financial, software, data, and media company headquartered in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It was co-founded by Michael Bloomberg in 1981, with Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zegar, and a 12% ownership investment by Bank of America through their brokerage subsidiary Merrill Lynch.
Response: Michael Bloomberg, Thomas Secunda, Duncan MacMillan, Charles Zega
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage list down the various models of Tesla vehicle. List the results in comma separated format.
Context: Tesla, Inc. (/ˈtɛslə/ TESS-lə or /ˈtɛzlə/ TEZ-lə) is an American multinational automotive and clean energy company headquartered in Austin, Texas, United States. Tesla designs and manufactures electric vehicles (electric cars and trucks), battery energy storage from home to grid-scale, solar panels and solar roof tiles, and related products and services. Tesla is one of the world's most valuable companies and is, as of 2023, the world's most valuable automaker. In 2021, the company had the most worldwide sales of battery electric vehicles and plug-in electric vehicles, capturing 21% of the battery-electric (purely electric) market and 14% of the plug-in market (which includes plug-in hybrids). Through its subsidiary Tesla Energy, the company develops and is a major installer of photovoltaic systems in the United States. Tesla Energy is also one of the largest global suppliers of battery energy storage systems, with 3.99 gigawatt-hours (GWh) installed in 2021.

Tesla was incorporated in July 2003 by Martin Eberhard and Marc Tarpenning as Tesla Motors. The company's name is a tribute to inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla. In February 2004, via a $6.5 million investment, Elon Musk became the largest shareholder of the company. He has served as CEO since 2008. According to Musk, the purpose of Tesla is to help expedite the move to sustainable transport and energy, obtained through electric vehicles and solar power. Tesla began production of its first car model, the Roadster sports car, in 2008. This was followed by the Model S sedan in 2012, the Model X SUV in 2015, the Model 3 sedan in 2017, the Model Y crossover in 2020, and the Tesla Semi truck in 2022. The company plans to start production of the Cybertruck light-duty pickup truck in 2023. The Model 3 is the all-time bestselling plug-in electric car worldwide, and, in June 2021, became the first electric car to sell 1 million units globally. Tesla's 2022 full year deliveries were around 1.31 million vehicles, a 40% increase over the previous year, and cumulative sales totaled 3 million cars as of August 2022. In October 2021, Tesla's market capitalization reached $1 trillion, the sixth company to do so in U.S. history.

Tesla has been the subject of several lawsuits, government scrutiny, journalistic criticism, and public controversies arising from statements and acts of CEO Elon Musk and from allegations of whistleblower retaliation, worker rights violations, and defects with their products.
Response: Roadster, Model S, Model X, Model 3, Model Y, Tesla Semi, Cybertruck
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How can I travel backwards in time?
Response: Due to some solutions in general relativity, there are methods that could allow this, most agree the true answer can be found in quantum mechanics or wormholes.  Our current ability to understand quantum mechanics or wormholes is insufficient for proper traversal backward in time.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the paleolithic?
Response: The word "Paleolithic" comes from the Greek for "ancient stone." It refers to a time period of several million years in the past, from the beginning of humans to the invention of agriculture about 10 million years ago, when stone tools were made and used.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Is Bullimore a first name?
Context: Bullimore is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Tony Bullimore (1939–2018), English sailor and businessman
Wayne Bullimore (born 1970), English footballer
Response: No, it is a surname.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kepyak, Koto
Response: Koto is string, Kepyak is percussion.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What are some physical health benefits from doing strength training exercises?
Context: Strength training also provides functional benefits. Stronger muscles improve posture, provide better support for joints, and reduce the risk of injury from everyday activities.

Progressive resistance training may improve function, quality of life and reduce pain in people at risk of fracture, with rare adverse effects. Weight-bearing exercise also helps to prevent osteoporosis and to improve bone strength in those with osteoporosis. For many people in rehabilitation or with an acquired disability, such as following stroke or orthopaedic surgery, strength training for weak muscles is a key factor to optimize recovery.
Response: Some examples of physical benefits from strength training include improve posture, better joint support, and reduced risk of injury from everyday activities. In addition, strength training exercises have also been shown to help prevent osteoporosis and improve overall bone strength.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Stanley Franklin Browne, how many aerial victories during World War II did he have and what did he do when he returned from the war.
Context: Stanley Franklin Browne, DFC & Bar (29 October 1919 – 13 January 2011) was a New Zealand flying ace of the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during the Second World War. He was officially credited with at least five aerial victories.

Born in Wellington, Browne was a university student when he joined the RNZAF in March 1941. Once his flight training in New Zealand was completed, he proceeded to the United Kingdom to serve with the Royal Air Force. He was posted to No. 485 Squadron in early 1942 but was shot down later in the year over Germany-occupied France. With the help of the French Resistance he avoided the Germans and made his way to the south of France. He was caught when crossing the border into Vichy France and was interned for several weeks. He escaped captivity and eventually back to the United Kingdom. He was transferred to the Middle East where he ferried aircraft before being posted to No. 93 Squadron. He flew Supermarine Spitfires in the Tunisian campaign and in the Allied invasion of Sicily, shooting down a number of German aircraft before being rested in December 1943. After a spell on instructing duties he returned to operational flying with No. 485 Squadron during the final stages of the war in Europe. He briefly commanded the squadron before it was disbanded in August 1945.

Returning to civilian life after the war, he returned to his university studies, becoming a chemist. He briefly served in the New Zealand Territorial Air Force and later became a farmer and then a teacher. He died in 2011, aged 91, at Tauranga.
Response: Stanley Franklin Browne was credited with five aerial victories during World War II. After the war, he returned to university and became a chemist.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Remove the last names of all people in this passage
Context: Dino Hotić is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.
Response: Dino is a professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Belgian First Division A club Cercle Brugge. Born in Slovenia, he represents the Bosnia and Herzegovina national team.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: List all the names of people mentioned in this passage.  Use a numbered list.
Context: When Guettel took up music composition in his mid-teens, he was encouraged by his family. His mother said that she offered him advice for around a year, "After that, he was so far beyond anything I could ever have dreamed of, I just backed off." Richard Rodgers, who died when Guettel was 15, overheard an early composition, said he liked it and asked him to play it louder. Guettel has qualified the compliment, noting that "He was literally on his deathbed on the other side of the living-room wall." In his high school and collegiate years and into his early twenties, Guettel worked as a rock and jazz musician, singing and playing bass, before realizing "that writing for character and telling stories through music was something that I really loved to do, and that allowed me to express love."
Response: 1. Guettel
2. Richard Rodgers
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the largest or biggest land animal?
Response: The largest or biggest land animal is the African bush elephant. It can reach weights of up to 10000 kgs (or 22000 lbs). However historically there have been dinosaurs that are greater in weight than elephants.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How did India get independence from colonial rule
Response: Non vioalence movement and violence movement both were prevalent, huge number of discussions, fights,protests etc paved way for indepdence
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many NBA basketball teams are in California?
Response: There are 4 NBA basketball teams in California: Golden State Warriors, Los Angeles Lakers, Los Angeles Clippers, and Sacramento Kings.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What movies made Seattle famous in the 1990s?
Response: Three films were iconic and set in Seattle in the 1990s.  Sleepless in Seattle (1993), Singles (1992) & Reality Bites (1994)
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a letter to my landlord, Dave, asking them to hire a plumber to repair a leaking faucet.
Response: Hi Dave, I'm reaching out about our leaking sink faucet. The sink has been leaking for about a week now, and I've tried tightening the faucet and making sure that the faucet is fully closed, but it still seems to be leaking. It is a pretty constant drip, and is filling a cup up every hour. I think it probably needs to be seen by a plumber who can decide if it is fixable or needs to be replaced. Could you call a plumber and ask them to step by?
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between an adverb and adjective?
Response: An adjective describes an item, whereas an adverb modifies a verb
Category: classification
Instruction: Of the following, which are characters from the TV show "I Love Lucy:" Lucy Ricardo, Ethel Mertz, Donald Trump, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Ricky Ricardo, Fred Mertz, Batman, John Smith
Response: Lucy Ricardo, Ethel Mertz, Ricky Ricardo, Fred Mertz
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where is the best place to go to relax?
Response: Some places you can go to relax are the beach or an all inclusive resort.  Leaving work at home when you are on your staycation is another way to relax.  Do activities that help you have fun and take your mind off of work like boating, whale watching, deep sea fishing, or riding a jet ski.  Quiet time is another way to relax by relaxing in a chair on a beach with a good book too.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the value of x if x^2 = 4?
Response: The value of x is either 2 or -2. This is because the square of both those numbers is 4 as shown below:

2 * 2 = 4
-2 * -2 = 4
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an office space?
Response: An office space is a room or group of rooms in a building that a company or entity can own or rent for activities such as business activities.  Each office space can be a single person work area with a phone, computer, headset, keyboard and mouse.  These office space items are use for working and collaborated with other co-workers in other office spaces.  Office spaces may also be converted into storage space or other group collaboration spaces too.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the Republic of Finland becoming a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) what year did it start a formal relations with NATO?
Context: Finland has had formal relations with NATO since 1994, when it joined the Partnership for Peace program, and has been a member of the European Union (EU), which largely overlaps with NATO in membership, since 1995.
Response: Finland has started the formal relationship with NATO in 1994 when it joined the Partnership for Peace program. However it wasn't a NATO member up until April 4 2023 when it became an official member of NATO.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Antonello Padovano
Context: Antonello Padovano, is an Italian film director and producer. He is currently[when?] the director of Hands That Should Be Farming Productions based in England. Padovano won the 2019 Bayern 2 - Audience Prize at the Tegernsee International Mountain Film Festival for his documentary The Ascent of Everest which featured footage of Sir Edmund Hillary.

Filmography
Joe Petrosino: A Shot in the Dark (2006)
Le quattro porte del deserto (2006)
The Ascent of Everest (2019)
Response: Antonello Padovano, is an Italian film director and producer. He has been the director of Hands That Should Be Farming Productions based in England. Padovano won the 2019 Bayern 2 - Audience Prize at the Tegernsee International Mountain Film Festival for his documentary The Ascent of Everest which featured footage of Sir Edmund Hillary.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars.
Response: The following are public companies that have been valued at over 1 trillion dollars:
- Apple
- Microsoft
- Google
- Amazon
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Can you fish in the Kalamazoo river and lake in Allegan County?
Response: Yes, the fishing in this waterway is very good.  There are an abundance of species of fish available year round whether ice fishing, shore fishing, or using a boat.  Large and small mouth bass, bluegill, perch, walleye, bowfin, steelhead, salmon, carp, muskie, northern pike, and catfish are all found swimming in these waters.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these terms are used in baseball and which are used in football: touchdown, home run, walk, first down, line drive, interception, strike out, offsides, holding, balk.
Response: The baseball terms are: home run, walk, line drive, strike out, and balk. The football terms are: touchdown, first down, interception, offsides, and holding.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Can you describe a colour you cannot see?
Response: Colourblind individuals can describe colours based on accounts they have heard from others, so it is certainly possible to describe a colour you cannot see yourself.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell which of these musicians is a guitarist or a bassist:  Eddie Van Halen, Nikki Sixx, Steve Harris, Billy Sheehan, Steve Vai, Joe Satriani, Matthias Jabs, Jimmy Bain, Mick Mars, Vivian Campbell, Angus Young
Response: Eddie Van Halen - Guitarist
Nikki Sixx - Bassist
Steve Harris - Bassist
Billy Sheehan - Bassist
Steve Vai - Guitarist
Joe Satriani - Guitarist
Matthias Jabs - Guitarist
Jimmy Bain - Bassist
Mick Mars - Guitarist
Vivian Campbell - Guitarist
Angus Young - Guitarist
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell me which of these Australian cities are on the coast and which are inland. Brisbane, Melbourne, Canberra, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin and Perth.
Response: Brisbane, Melbourne, Adelaide, Hobart, Darwin, Perth are all coastal Australian cities. Canberra is an inland Australian city.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name all the movies in the Harry Potter series
Response: Here is the list of all the movies in the Harry Potter Series - Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone ,Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who are the greatest leg spinners in cricket history?
Context: Many great players in cricket history have made their imprint on the sport's annals with mind-blowing deliveries and periods that left batters scurrying for cover.

Each leg spinner is unique and possesses a variety of distinct abilities and strategies.

In this post, we will look at the greatest leg-break bowlers in history. They smashed the wickets, swirled the ball, and won the hearts and minds of spectators all over the world.

1. Shane Warne
2. Anil Kumble
3. Abdul Qadir
4. Richie Benaud
5. Mushtaq Ahmed
Response: 1. Shane Warne

So, what can we say about the legend who single-handedly revolutionised the world of leg spin in cricket? We've all seen Warne's Ball of the Century, which left Mike Gatting puzzled as if he'd seen a ghost.

Warne, one of the game's most charming athletes, is still recognised as one of the best match-winners of all time. He was unrivalled when it came to bowling with a leg spin.

2. Anil Kumble

Anil Kumble, India's best wicket-taker, has 619 wickets in 132 Test matches for an average of 29.65.

The superstar is recognised as one of the best and most decorated Indian cricketers in history. Kumble has the third-most wickets of all time, trailing only Muttiah Muralitharan and Shane Warne.

He is also the second bowler, after Jim Laker, to ever take all ten wickets in an innings. He attained this record with a stunning 10/74 against Pakistan.

3. Abdul Qadir

Abdul Qadir revitalized the dying skill of leg spin in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He was a great genius with the ball. He'd ascend from a loping, bounce-filled run-up to the wicket and hurl the ball with considerable ostentation.

Qadir had many typical leg-spin presentations that changed the ball's trajectory and turn to enchant a wide range of combinations.

He bowled the top spinner and the flipper with tremendous precision and effect, and he had at least two different googlies. He frequently had too many options and employed too much diversity, rather than building a rhythm.

4. Richie Benaud

Richie Benaud was known as the "Voice of Cricket." He came to personify the game in all of its guises, from batter to captain to writer to pundit to thinker!

He is considered one of cricket's all-time greats, second only to Sir Donald Bradman. Benaud is the only all-rounder on this list, as well as the only all-rounder who bowls spin.

5. Mushtaq Ahmed

Mushtaq Ahmed is another Pakistani star who has made our list.

He modelled his persona after Intikhab Alam and Abdul Qadir. Mushtaq was an outstanding bowler with a fiery tenacity. During a brief but energetic run-up to the wicket, the ball was delivered with a misty whirling of arms.

He would implore the umpire for a favourable verdict with frenzied and wild appeals, and he would become visibly discouraged if the umpire ignored his straighter one or googly or allowed a batsman to escape despite intended padding.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Susan Storm, Green Lantern
Response: Susan Storm is Marvel, Green Lantern is DC
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the names based on whether they start with ’N’ or ‘M’
Nancy, Mandi, Michelle, Mark, Naomi, Nick
Response: Names starting with ’M’ - Mandi, Michelle, Mark
Names starting with ’N’ - Nancy, Naomi, Nick
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many seasons of Greatest American Hero were there?
Response: There were three seasons of The Greatest American Hero.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the past five Malaysian Prime Ministers
Response: The five most recent Prime Ministers of Malaysia (including the current) are:
1. Anwar Ibrahim (since 2022)
2. Ismail Sabri Yaakob (2021-2022)
3. Muhyiddin Yassin (2020-2021)
4. Mahathir Mohamad (2018-2020)
5. Najib Razak (2009-2018)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was the result of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Response: The Emancipation Proclamation changed the legal status of slaves in the USA from enslaved to free.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Evaluate the below poem "since feeling is first" by ee cummings and provide a summary of its meaning.
Context: since feeling is first
who pays any attention
to the syntax of things
will never wholly kiss you;

wholly to be a fool
while Spring is in the world

my blood approves,
and kisses are a better fate
than wisdom
lady i swear by all flowers. Don’t cry
– the best gesture of my brain is less than
your eyelids’ flutter which says

we are for each other; then
laugh, leaning back in my arms
for life’s not a paragraph

And death i think is no parenthesis
Response: Since feeling is first is a love poem, written to an unknown recipient that appears to share a close relationship with the writer. The poem employs an unorthodox syntactic structure to highlight how logic and rationality (i.e. thinking) can interfere with one's ability to embrace the love and beauty that exists in life via feelings. There are numerous examples in the poem that support the primacy of feeling over thinking ("kisses are a better fate than wisdom", "the best gesture of my brain is less than your eyelids' flutter"). 

Grammatical terms appear in the final lines as a metaphor describing the poet's thoughts on life and death. The statement that "life is not a paragraph" suggests that life is a collection of feelings and experiences that cannot be summarized adequately on paper. The author's mention that "death i think is no parenthesis" indicates that for him, death does not explain or provide meaning to the life that was lived before it, since parenthesis are typically used to clarify the prior passage.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Think up of a bunch of different gifts you could give a teacher
Response: An apple, a box of pencils, a giftcard, a card, a chocolate bar, school supplies, books
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: How can I ask my aging father-in-law to see the cardiologist when he doesn't want to go?
Response: Papa, I was concerned yesterday when you started getting shortness of breath and your chest started to hurt you.  It made me really concerned for you.

Papa, I want to tell you something, I know your daughter would want to say to you, but it is really hard for her to say.  You are a strong man.  Your daughter has always seen you as a strong man.  Asking you to do something you wouldn't want to do is something she couldn't picture herself asking you to do.  Yesterday, she wanted to beg you to go see the cardiologist to check on your heart.  She knows you hate to go to the doctor.

She didn't want you to see the cardiologist because she thinks you are no longer a strong man.  It is because she loves you.  She wants you around for many years.  She wants you to be part of seeing our kids grow up.  She wants you to come to your grandkids sporting events.  

As your son-in-law, I am asking you to come with me to the cardiologist.  I'll respect your privacy.  I can come in with you or I can wait out in the family room.  You can take it one step at a time.  They will give you a few tests.  You'll get the results.  The doctor will talk to you about the results and discuss any recommendations they may have.  It is in your control to take those recommendations.  You will never loose control.

What do you think, Papa.  Can I take you to the doctor?
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How did Jon Rahm win the Farmers Insurance Open?
Context: In late January 2017, Rahm won the Farmers Insurance Open with a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole to notch his maiden PGA Tour title. He jumped from 137th to 46th in the Official World Golf Ranking with the win, and also gained entry into the Masters Tournament, The Players Championship, the PGA Championship, and World Golf Championships events. On 2 March, Rahm played in his first World Golf Championships event at the WGC-Mexico Championship where he shot rounds of 67-70-67-68 (−12) to finish T3, two strokes behind winner Dustin Johnson.
Response: a 60-foot eagle putt on the final hole