fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is CST 11
Context: Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene.

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity.

There are three inhibitory families in the superfamily, including the type 1 cystatins (stefins), type 2 cystatins and the kininogens. The type 2 cystatin proteins are a class of cysteine proteinase inhibitors found in a variety of human fluids and secretions.

The cystatin locus on chromosome 20 contains the majority of the type 2 cystatin genes and pseudogenes. This gene is located in the cystatin locus and encodes an epididymal-specific protein whose specific function has not been determined. Alternative splicing yields two variants encoding distinct isoforms.
Response: Cystatin-11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CST11 gene.

The cystatin superfamily encompasses proteins that contain multiple cystatin-like sequences. Some of the members are active cysteine protease inhibitors, while others have lost or perhaps never acquired this inhibitory activity.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of ten vegetables that are green.
Response: 1. Asparagus
2. Brussel sprout
3. Green bean
4. Broccoli
5. Kale
6. Peas
7. Cabbage
8. Celery
9. Artichoke
10. Arugula
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: what are ways to improve public speaking skills?
Response: practice, practice, practice! Utilize every opportunity that you can practice, whether a prepared speech or an impromptu one. Effective practices make a big difference. For introverted speakers or who are afraid the stage, the first step is to find a safe and supportive environment to try. Consider joining a toastmaster club. Start by talking about topics that you are most comfortable and familiar with, like yourself! To improve faster, find a mentor or a trusted person to evaluate your speeches and provide constructive feedback. You can also record or tape yourself and watch it afterward. Try to pay attention to the areas of improvement next time when you speak. Be mindful whenever you speak.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Dogecoin?
Response: Dogecoin is a cryptocurrency created by software engineers Billy Markus and Jackson Palmer, who decided to create a payment system as a "joke", making fun of the wild speculation in cryptocurrencies at the time. It is considered both the first "meme coin", and more specifically the first "dog coin". Despite its satirical nature, some consider it a legitimate investment prospect. Dogecoin features the face of the Shiba Inu dog from the "doge" meme as its logo and namesake.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Which are the top 3 states of India that account for receiving the maximum number of interstate emigrants?
Context: The first population census in India was conducted in 1873. Since then the a decennial census has been conducted in 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, and 1941 by the Government. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been carried out every 10 years by the Indian Government, starting from 1951. The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.

Latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India. During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population rising rate has slowed down from 2.15 to 1.76. Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli shows the highest growth rate of 55.5 percent. It is followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.

India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas. Of them, 145,000 villages have a population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have a population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have a population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more. India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations. In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused a rapid increase in urban population. On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had the most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by the National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration. The four states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and account for almost half (48.89 percent) of the total Indian population.
Response: Maharashtra, National Capital of Delhi and Gujarat
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is contrast therapy used for?
Context: Contrast bathing can be used to reduce swelling around injuries or to aid recovery from exercise. It can also significantly improve muscle recovery following exercise by reducing the levels of blood lactate concentration. For any injury presenting with palpable swelling and heat, and visible redness - such as a strain/sprain - contrast baths are contraindicated during the acute inflammation stage. Acute inflammation begins at the time of injury and lasts for approximately 72 hours.
Response: Contrast bathing can be used to reduce swelling around injuries or to aid recovery from exercise.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: where is India?
Response: India a country that occupies the greater part of South Asia. Its capital is New Delhi, built in the 20th century just south of the historic hub of Old Delhi to serve as India’s administrative centre.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Please provide 5 different variants of served coffee
Response: 1. Cold Brew 
2. Americano 
3. Espresso 
4. Latte 
5. Cappuccino
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the major elements found on earth?
Context: Earth's mass is approximately 5.97×1024 kg (5,970 Yg). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1% by mass), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminum (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to gravitational separation, the core is primarily composed of the denser elements: iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most common rock constituents of the crust are oxides. Over 99% of the crust is composed of various oxides
Response: Earth's mass is made of primarily iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, sulfur, nickel, calcium and aluminum.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: From the passage provided, extract the year  Indian National Congress was founded
Context: The Indian National Congress (INC), colloquially the Congress Party but often simply the Congress, is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. From the late 19th century, and especially after 1920, under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,[d
Response: Indian National Congress was founded in 1885
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who was On the Point of Death directed by, given the following information?
Context: Fabio Garriba (13 November 1944 – 9 August 2016) was an Italian stage, film and television actor.

Life and career
Born in Soave, Garriba started his career on stage, and in 1969 he made his film debut in Dziga Vertov Group's Wind from the East. He later worked with prominent directors such as Roberto Rossellini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Ettore Scola, Marco Bellocchio and Luigi Magni. He also had leading roles in films directed by his twin brother Mario, notably the Golden Leopard winner On the Point of Death.

Garriba also worked as assistant director for Bernardo Bertolucci, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Marco Ferreri and Carmelo Bene. His only work as director, the short film I parenti tutti, was screened at the 68th Venice International Film Festival alongside his brother's works in the retrospective "Orizzonti 1960-1978". Garriba also published several collections of poetries.
Response: Mario Garriba directed On the Point of Death which stars his brother Fabio in a leading role.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What was the first commercial relational database product launched in the market?
Response: Oracle Database (commonly referred to as Oracle DBMS, Oracle Autonomous Database, or simply as Oracle) is a multi-model database management system produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. It was the first RDBMS product commercially available in the market in the year 1979.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Is there a fast way to put a duvet cover over a duvet?
Response: Yes! First, lay the duvet out on top of a bed. Next, turn the duvet cover inside out, and place it on top of the duvet, with the bottom facing the top of the bed and duvet. Tie the corners of the duvet cover to the duvet. With a friend, reach inside the duvet cover to grab the furthest corners of the duvet cover with the hand facing the top of the bed, and grab the other corners with the opposite hand. Note: your arms should be crossed. Pull your arms so they are no longer crossed, and stretch them out as far as you can reach. You now have the duvet inside the duvet cover.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Provide a list of ingredients to fill a burrito with
Context: Burritos are filled with savory ingredients, most often a meat such as beef, chicken, or pork, and often include other ingredients, such as rice, cooked beans (either whole or refried), vegetables, such as lettuce and tomatoes, cheese, and condiments such as salsa, pico de gallo, guacamole, or crema.

Burritos are often contrasted with similar dishes, such as tacos, in which a small hand-sized tortilla is folded in half around the ingredients rather than wrapped and sealed, or with enchiladas, which use corn masa tortillas, and are covered in a savory sauce, to be eaten with a fork and knife.
Response: I’d fill a burrito with chicken, rice, refried beans, lettuce, tomatoes, and guacamole.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What do you think to keep you alive
Response: Travel and Food
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Microsoft?
Context: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. Microsoft ranked No. 14 in the 2022 Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue; it was the world's largest software maker by revenue as of 2022. It is considered as one of the Big Five American information technology companies, alongside Alphabet (parent company of Google), Amazon, Apple, and Meta (formerly Facebook).
Response: Microsoft Corporation is an American multinational technology corporation headquartered in Redmond, Washington. Microsoft's best-known software products are the Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer and Edge web browsers.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an allele?
Response: An allele is a variation of the same sequence of nucleotides at the same place on a long DNA molecule, as described in leading textbooks on genetics and evolution.

The word "Allele" is a short form of "allelomorph".

"The chromosomal or genomic location of a gene or any other genetic element is called a locus (plural: loci) and alternative DNA sequences at a locus are called alleles."

The simplest alleles are single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), but they can also be insertions and deletions of up to several thousand base pairs.

Popular definitions of 'allele' typically refer only to different alleles within genes. For example, the ABO blood grouping is controlled by the ABO gene, which has six common alleles (variants). In population genetics, nearly every living human's phenotype for the ABO gene is some combination of just these six alleles.

Most alleles observed result in little or no change in the function of the gene product it codes for. However, sometimes, different alleles can result in different observable phenotypic traits, such as different pigmentation. A notable example of this is Gregor Mendel's discovery that the white and purple flower colors in pea plants were the result of a single gene with two alleles.

Nearly all multicellular organisms have two sets of chromosomes at some point in their biological life cycle; that is, they are diploid. In this case, the chromosomes can be paired. Each chromosome in the pair contains the same genes in the same order, and place, along the length of the chromosome. For a given gene, if the two chromosomes contain the same allele, they, and the organism, are homozygous with respect to that gene. If the alleles are different, they, and the organism, are heterozygous with respect to that gene.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following football player by goal scored : Romario, Messi, Ibrahimovic, Muller, Ronaldo
Response: Ronaldo,Messi,Romario,Muller,Ibrahimovic
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between a guitar and a ukulele?
Response: While a ukulele might be thought of as a small guitar, there are actually numerous differences between the two instruments:
1. A ukulele has 4 strings while a guitar has 6 strings or sometimes 12
2. A ukulele's 4 strings are tuned differently from any consecutive series of a guitar's 4 strings
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some dishes that avocados can be used in?
Response: Avocados are a delicious creamy fruit that can be used in a variety of dishes and in cooking. Avocados can be sliced up and added into salads, or they can be mashed up and spread on toast to make avocado toast. Avocados are also the main ingredient in guacamole. They can also be diced into small cubes and added into poke. Some people also blend avocados and put them into smoothies, or use it in desserts as a healthier alternative ingredient.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who owns ITV?
Context: The history of ITV, the United Kingdom "Independent Television" commercial network, goes back to 1955.

Independent Television began as a network of independently-owned regional companies that were both broadcasters and programme makers, beginning with four companies operating six stations in three large regions in 1955–1956, and gradually expanding to 17 stations in 14 regions by 1962. Each regional station was responsible for its own branding, scheduling and advertising, with many peak-time programmes shared simultaneously across the whole network.

By 29 February 2016, 12 regions in England and Wales shared national ITV branding and scheduling, and, together with a 13th region UTV in Northern Ireland, were owned by a single company, ITV plc. A further two regions in Scotland carry STV branding and are owned by the STV Group.
Response: ITV plc owns all 13 ITV regions in England and Wales as well as UTV in Northern Ireland. STV Group owns the STV region in Scotland.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What modalities does Quah Jing Wen specialize on?
Context: Quah Jing Wen (Chinese: 柯敬文; pinyin: Kē Jìngwén; born 20 December 2000) is a Singaporean professional swimmer who specialises in individual medley, butterfly and freestyle events.

Education
Quah was educated at Methodist Girls' School and Anglo-Chinese School (Independent), before graduating from Texas A&M University in 2021 with a bachelor's degree in biomedical science.

Swimming career
Quah Jing Wen clocked 2min 12.95sec and set an Under-17 200m butterfly Singaporean national record at the Neo Garden 13th Singapore National Swimming Championships, breaking Tao Li's record set in 2005.

Quah won the bronze in the 2015 SEA Games when making her debut in the 400m IM.

In 2017, Quah won 5 gold medals and a silver medal at the Commonwealth Youth Games, held in Nassau. In the same year, she also won 5 gold medals in the 2017 SEA Games.[1
Response: Quah Jing Wen is specialized on individual medley, butterfly and freestyle events.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between cherry blossoms and plum blossoms?
Response: The easiest way is by observing the following two differences. First, pay attention to the petals. The cherry blossom is usually spiky at the end of each petal whereas the plum blossom is more rounded. Second, you can tell by the smell. True cherry blossoms have a faint smell, with the exception of some rare trees. Plum trees have a strong flowery smell.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following as either typical indoor or outdoor sports: Chess, Carrom, Cricket, Billiards, Table Tennis, Field Hockey, Rugby, Snooker, Soccer and Boxing
Response: Chess - Indoor
Carrom - Indoor 
Cricket - Outdoor 
Billiards -  Indoor 
Table Tennis - Indoor 
Field Hockey - Outdoor 
Rugby - Outdoor 
Snooker - Indoor 
Soccer - Outdoor 
Boxing - Indoor
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which country is the best at hockey?
Response: Canada is widely considered to be the strongest country in ice hockey. The National Hockey League (NHL) is the highest level of competition in the world. About half of NHL players are Canadian.
Category: classification
Instruction: Compared to a human, categorize the following as fast or slow animals: sloth, cheetah, eagle, tortoise, hippo, slug, horse.
Response: A sloth, tortoise and slug are all slower than a sprinting human. If traveling at top speed, a cheetah, eagle, hippo, and horse are all faster than a sprinting human.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me 5 examples of why using a prime lens is better than a zoom lens for photography ?
Response: -Better  low light photography even without a flash
-Prime lenses have fewer moving parts 
-Better performance 
-Sharper Images 
-High chances of getting  Bokeh
Category: summarization
Instruction: What is the plot of the movie above suspicion
Context: Above Suspicion is a 2019 American crime thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce, from a screenplay by Chris Gerolmo, based upon Joe Sharkey's non-fiction book of the same name revolving around the murder of Susan Smith. It stars Emilia Clarke, Jack Huston, Sophie Lowe, Austin Hébert, Karl Glusman, Chris Mulkey, Omar Miller, Kevin Dunn, Thora Birch and Johnny Knoxville.

It was released in the United States on May 7, 2021, by Lionsgate.

Plot
An ambitious rookie agent is assigned to an FBI field office in the run-down town of Pikeville, Kentucky. The married man recruits a local drug-addicted woman as his informant and gets involved with her, thereby setting in motion a downward spiral of jealousy, betrayal and violence.
Response: Above Suspicion is a 2019 American crime thriller film directed by Phillip Noyce, from a screenplay by Chris Gerolmo, based upon Joe Sharkey's non-fiction book of the same name revolving around the murder of Susan Smith. It stars Emilia Clarke, Jack Huston, Sophie Lowe, Austin Hébert, Karl Glusman, Chris Mulkey, Omar Miller, Kevin Dunn, Thora Birch and Johnny Knoxville.

It was released in the United States on May 7, 2021, by Lionsgate.

An ambitious rookie agent is assigned to an FBI field office in the run-down town of Pikeville, Kentucky. The married man recruits a local drug-addicted woman as his informant and gets involved with her, thereby setting in motion a downward spiral of jealousy, betrayal and violence.
Category: classification
Instruction: classify these as kitchen or bathroom items: toothpaste, pan, pots, spoons, shampoo, dish soap, bath soap, bath bombs, plates, oven mitts, cups, toilet paper
Response: Kitchen items: pan, pots, spoons, dish soap, plates, oven mitts, cups
Bathroom items: toothpaste, shampoo, bath soap, bath bombs, toilet paper
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a tribute to my high school swim coach.
Response: I’ve known Coach for most of my life, growing up in town and spending time with her family as a kid. But it wasn’t until I went to high school and joined the swim team that Coach's role in my life grew and she became more than a parent or even a coach, but an advocate and role model.

Coach left a lasting, positive impact on so many of us. Pushing us not only to be better swimmers, but to be humble leaders and stronger, more confident adults. 

Even though I would never be a star swimmer or D1 athlete, I never felt discouraged by Coach or anyone on her coaching staff. Quite the opposite: I threw myself into swimming. We all pushed ourselves to be the best we could be, we cheered as loud as we could on the sidelines, and no one passed up an opportunity to support the team or attend a team outing. Because Coach didn’t just build teams of champion swimmers, she built a community. I’m still close to many of my teammates — some remain my closest friends. That’s because swimming is more than a sport at our school, it’s a family. And Coach is and (in my mind) always will be the matriarch.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the different ways to save money?
Response: There are many ways, but to do a deep analysis, you must first understand where you spend the most money.  

Here are some opportunities to save money 
-eliminate recurring expenses such as subscriptions
-refinance expensive loans such as your mortgage
-reduce unnecessary or luxuries such as an outside coffee
-use your labor instead of hiring someone to do the work
-eat at home rather than eating out
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who were King Aenys I Targaryen's children?
Response: Aegon, Viserys, Jaehaerys, Rhaena, Alysanne, Vaella
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the wine that can only be named for its specific growing location in France?
Response: Champagne is the only type of wine that can use that name if it is grown and produced in Champagne, France.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How to escape from a helicopter trapped in water ?
Response: If you are ever trapped inside a helicopter  while submerged in water, it’s best to try and remain calm until the cabin is completely underwater. It’s better to wait for pressure to be equalized, before you try to  open the door or break the glass to escape.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is heavier? A pound of feathers or a pound of iron?
Response: A pound of feathers and a pound of iron both weigh the same.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each item as "soft" or "hard": bowling ball, cinder block, tissue, memory foam, croissant, hammer
Response: Bowling Ball: Hard
Cinder Block: Hard
Tissue: Soft
Memory Foam: Soft
Croissant: Soft
Hammer: Hard
Category: summarization
Instruction: Where is Peloton Interactive based?
Context: Peloton Interactive, Inc. is an American exercise equipment and media company based in New York City. The company's products are stationary bicycles, treadmills, and indoor rowers equipped with Internet-connected touch screens that stream live and on-demand fitness classes through a subscription service. The equipment includes built-in sensors that track metrics such as power output, providing users with real-time feedback on their performance and leaderboard rankings to compete with other users.
Response: Peloton Interactive is based in New York City, NY, US.  They are an American exercise and media company.  Their products include stationary spin bicycles, treadmills, and rowers.  Their products feature internet-connected touch screens to stream live and on-demand fitness classes.  Sensors in the equipment track metrics such as power, cadence, and resistance to provide real-time feedback to the user.  Users must subscribe to Peloton Interactive services to use classes on the equipment.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: what is considered the birthplace of mountain biking?
Response: Fairfax California is considered the birthplace of mountain biking.  Local high school students who grew up in the area would take old single-speed bikes with coaster brakes up local fire roads and then ride them down the hills as fast as they could.  Eventually they started adding gears to the bikes so that they could pedal them up the hill as well.  The most famous trail was named Repack, because often after the races riders would have to re-pack the coaster brakes with grease because the grease would vaporize from the heat from the hard braking as they raced down the hill.  Modern bike brands like Fisher, Ritchey, Klein, Breezer, and Specialized all had their start in the Marin County foothills north of San Francisco, in the small town of Fairfax.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Microraptor, Whale
Response: Whale is alive, Microraptor is extinct.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What type of car should I buy if I live in a city?
Response: When living in the city, it is important to drive a vehicle that is compact enough to fit in small parking spaces and one that has sufficient fuel efficiency to drive for longer periods of time without requiring additional fuel. This is due to the scarcity of gas stations within city limits.

Small to mid-sized sedans or other compact cars with either good fuel efficiency or electric batteries are best for city driving. Examples include Toyota Prius, Volkswagen Golf, or Tesla Model 3.

It is imperative to avoid large vehicles when driving in the city. Samples vehicles to avoid include Ford F-150 pick up truck, Chevrolet Suburban, or Hummer.
Category: summarization
Instruction: How many variants of the PrintNightmare existed?
Context: PrintNightmare was a critical security vulnerability affecting the Microsoft Windows operating system. The vulnerability occurred within the print spooler service. There were two variants, one permitting remote code execution (CVE-2021-34527), and the other leading to privilege escalation (CVE-2021-1675). A third vulnerability (CVE-2021-34481) was announced July 15, 2021, and upgraded to remote code execution by Microsoft in August.

On July 6, 2021, Microsoft started releasing out-of-band (unscheduled) patches attempting to address the vulnerability. Due to its severity, Microsoft released patches for Windows 7 and Windows Server 2012, despite being out of their mainstream support period. The patches resulted in some printers ceasing to function. Researchers have noted that the vulnerability has not been fully addressed by the patches. After the patch is applied, only administrators account on Windows print server, will be able to install printer drivers, as part of the vulnerability related to the ability of non-administrators to install printer drivers on the system, such as shared printers on system without sharing password protection.

The organization which discovered the vulnerability, Sangfor, published a proof of concept in a public GitHub repository. Apparently published in error, or as a result of a miscommunication between the researchers and Microsoft, the proof of concept was deleted shortly after. However, several copies have since appeared online.
Response: There are two variants of the PrintNightmare, one permitting remote code execution and the other one leading to privilege escalation.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: I am planning a trip to Spain. I am interested in culture, museums and art, but I also want to go to the beach and have great food. What are 5 places that I should definitely visit?
Response: Spain is a large country where you can find all of those things. This would be my top 5, but there are many other places that are worth it. Since you are not specifying the time you will spend in Spain, I will exclude the islands (Balearic Islands and Canary Islands) from the list:

- Madrid: the capital city of Spain has some of the top museums in Europe, like the Prado or the Reina Sofia Museums. It is a city with a great atmosphere, and has some of the best restaurants in the country.
- Barcelona: a mediterranean global city with a lot to offer - from Antonio Gaudi's architectural masterpieces to beaches and awesome views of the Mediterranean sea.
- Galicia: a region located in northwestern Spain. Not very touristic, but with amazing places like Santiago de Compostela, and amazing restaurants and gastronomy.
- Sevilla: the largest city in Southern Spain, full of history, museums and amazing places to eat.
- Costa del Sol: one of the best places in Spain to visit the beach and get some sunlight. As its name states (Sun Coast), you will get sunny weather all year round.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which martial art or arts did Brazilian jiu-jitsu derive from?
Context: Brazilian jiu-jitsu was initially developed in 1925 by Brazilian brothers Carlos, Oswaldo, Gastão Jr., George, and Hélio Gracie, after Carlos was taught jiu-jitsu by a travelling Japanese judoka, Mitsuyo Maeda, who himself mastered his ground fighting while interacting with Taro Miyake (Tanabe student), Sadakazu Uyenishi (Handa, Tanabe) and Yukio Tani (Tenjin Shinyo-ryu) and catch wrestlers in Europe. Later on, the Gracie family developed their own self-defense system, and published Gracie Jiu-Jitsu.
Response: Brazilian jiu-jitsu was derived from judo and catch wrestling.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about Siedlce, tell me how many people live there and how far away from Warsaw it is.
Context: Siedlce [Polish pronunciation: ['ɕɛdlt͡sɛ] (listen)] (Yiddish: שעדליץ Shedlits) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,354 inhabitants (as of 2021). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city is situated between two small rivers, the Muchawka and the Helenka, and lies along the European route E30, around 90 kilometres (56 mi) east of Warsaw. It is the fourth largest city of the Voivodeship, and the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Siedlce. Siedlce is a local educational, cultural and business center.
Response: Siedlce is 90 kilometers east of Warsaw and has a population of 77,354 people.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a spatial network?
Response: A spatial network (sometimes also geometric graph) is a graph in which the vertices or edges are spatial elements associated with geometric objects, i.e., the nodes are located in a space equipped with a certain metric. The simplest mathematical realization of spatial network is a lattice or a random geometric graph (see figure in the right), where nodes are distributed uniformly at random over a two-dimensional plane; a pair of nodes are connected if the Euclidean distance is smaller than a given neighborhood radius. Transportation and mobility networks, Internet, mobile phone networks, power grids, social and contact networks and biological neural networks are all examples where the underlying space is relevant and where the graph's topology alone does not contain all the information. Characterizing and understanding the structure, resilience and the evolution of spatial networks is crucial for many different fields ranging from urbanism to epidemiology.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Based on the given text, what is the population growth rate of Afghanistan since 1979?
Context: The population of Afghanistan was estimated at 32.9 million as of 2019 by the Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority, whereas the UN estimates over 38.0 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. About 23.9% of them are urbanite, 71.4% live in rural areas, and the remaining 4.7% are nomadic. An additional 3 million or so Afghans are temporarily housed in neighboring Pakistan and Iran, most of whom were born and raised in those two countries.
Response: There are varying accounts of the population of Afghanistan. The Afghanistan Statistics and Information Authority estimated the population at 32.9 million in 2019 whereas the UN estimates it at 38.90 million. In 1979 the total population was reported to be about 15.5 million. Using the following formula:

Percentage Increase = ((Final Value - Starting Value)/(Starting Value)) * 100

Using the Afghan Statistics and Information Authority Estimate:

Percentage Increase = ((32.9 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 112.25%

Using the UN Estimate:

Percentage Increase = ((38.90 - 15.5)/(15.5)) * 100 = 150.96%

Therefore, the percentage growth rate of the population of Afghanistan is either 112.25% (Afghan Statistics and Information Authority) or 150.96% (UN) based on the two estimates provided.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Who are the best guitarists of all time?
Response: Although there have been many great guitarists over the years, Slash, Eric Clapton, Eddie Van Halen, Jimi Hendrix, Carlos Santana, Slash, Prince and Jimmy Page are the most commonly thought of as the best ever.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When did Delaware join the United States?
Response: Delaware was admitted to the union on December 7, 1787.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is JSON?
Response: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) is a lightweight data-interchange format. It is easy for humans to read and write. It is easy for machines to parse and generate. It is a common data format with diverse uses in electronic data interchange, including that of web applications with servers.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is Linda Hargreaves
Response: Linda Hargreaves is a British actress who has appeared on both stage and screen. She made her television debut in the BBC soap opera Doctors and has since returned to the soap on three separate occasions in different roles, most recently in the recurring role of Constance Buchanan. She has also appeared in various television series including Containment and Call the Midwife.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each car as a Ford or Tesla: Model Y, F150, Focus, Fiesta, Model X
Response: Model Y: Tesla
F150: Ford
Focus: Ford
Fiesta: Ford
Model X: Tesla
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What type of music are you into?
Response: I'm into a variety of genres of music, such as rock, pop, hip-hop, alternative, electronic, and country.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Where did Kamlaksha Rama Naik receive his Business Management degree?
Context: Kamlaksha Rama Naik, better known as K R Naik (Hindi: क़ रा नायक़) is an Indian industrial engineer. He founded D-Link Ltd. (India) in 1993. He has been in the IT Industry for 50 years and has played a key role in creating the IT networking market and the surrounding channel ecosystem in India. He pioneered several new businesses and distribution models as early as 1990, when IT was a nascent industry and the concept of an IT distribution channel was just conceived. 

Naik was born in Karwar, Karnataka on 19 November 1947. He completed his schooling in Karwar and later shifted to Mumbai. Naik is a mechanical engineer with a P.G. Diploma in Industrial Engineering and Licenciate in Plastic Engineering. He earned a Business Management degree from the Jamnalal Bajaj Institute in Mumbai
Response: The Jamnalal Bajaj Institute in Mumbai
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is called a Capital charge in finance?
Response: If a unit trust manager takes the management charges out of the fund's capital instead of the income it has generated, it is called a capital charge.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Is a vegan diet health for the average person?
Response: Vegan diets can be very healthy depending on food choices as compared to the common American diet. It helps to choose organic foods as part of your dietary choices. It is quite easy to include good proteins and low glycemic carbs to power one's activities and brain functions. As long as you try and stay away from sugar-filled choices, most people feel better and loose weight on a well-planned vegan diet. This also keeps people off of high fat and high sugar fast foods, not healthy for anyone.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this paragraph on Japanese bullet trains, how many cars do the longest trains have?
Context: Trains are up to sixteen cars long. With each car measuring 25 m (82 ft) in length, the longest trains are 400 m (1⁄4 mile) end to end. Stations are similarly long to accommodate these trains. Some of Japan's high-speed maglev trains are considered Shinkansen, while other slower maglev trains (such as the Linimo maglev train line serving local community near the city of Nagoya in Aichi, Japan) are intended as alternatives to conventional urban rapid transit systems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinkansen
Response: Based on this paragraph, the longest Japanese bullets trains have 16 cars, which is determined by dividing the length of the longes trains (400m) by the length of each car (25m).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Is Britain the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road?
Response: Britain is not the only country that drives on the left-hand side of the road. Approximately a third of the global population drives on the left.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Apply the traditional western culture label (domesticated pet, farm animal, wild animal) to each of the following animals: dog, sheep, horse, wolf, cat, zebra, cow
Response: dog: Domesticated pet

sheep: Farm animal

horse: Farm animal

wolf: Wild animal

cat: Domesticated pet

zebra: Wild animal

cow: Farm animal
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Where do black walnut trees grow?
Context: Juglans nigra, the eastern American black walnut, is a species of deciduous tree in the walnut family, Juglandaceae, native to North America. It grows mostly in riparian zones, from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas. Wild trees in the upper Ottawa Valley may be an isolated native population or may have derived from planted trees.
Response: North America from southern Ontario, west to southeast South Dakota, south to Georgia, northern Florida and southwest to central Texas.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Remove vowels from this text:
Context: The men's individual competition of the triathlon events at the 2011 Pan American Games was held on October 23 at the API Maritime Terminal in Puerto Vallarta. The defending Pan American Games champion is Andy Potts of the United States.
Response: Th mn's ndvdl cmpttn f th trthln vnts t th 2011 Pn mrcn Gms ws hld n ctbr 23 t th P Mrtm Trmnl n Prt Vllrt. Th dfndng Pn mrcn Gms chmpn s ndy Ptts f th ntd Stts.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is software craftsmanship
Response: Software craftsmanship is an art of writing good code which is easier to understand, maintain and is of good quality. This practice includes many things like writing modular code, unit and integration testing of code, commenting and proper formatting of code and continuous integration & continuous deployment of code etc. All these best practices make the software less bug prone, of high quality, easier to deploy, learn and maintain over time.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize Clemson University to me
Context: Clemson University (/ˈklɛmp.sən, ˈklɛm.zən/[note a]) is a public land-grant research university in Clemson, South Carolina. Founded in 1889, Clemson is the second-largest university by enrollment in South Carolina. For the fall 2019 semester, the university enrolled a total of 20,195 undergraduate students and 5,627 graduate students, and the student/faculty ratio was 18:1. Clemson's 1,400-acre campus  is in the foothills of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The campus now borders Lake Hartwell, which was formed by the dam completed in 1962. The university manages the nearby 17,500-acre Clemson Experimental Forest that is used for research, education, and recreation.

Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. U.S. News & World Report ranks Clemson University 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities. Clemson University is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity."[12
Response: Clemson University is based in the upstate of South Carolina in a town called Clemson. It was founded in 1889 and is the 2nd largest university in South Carolina. Clemson University consists of seven colleges: Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences; Architecture, Arts and Humanities; The Wilbur O. and Ann Powers College of Business; Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences; Education; Engineering, Computing and Applied Sciences; and Science. Clemson ranks 77th for 2022 among national U.S. universities.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: what is Financial centre
Context: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place.[
Response: A financial centre (BE), financial center (AE), or financial hub, is a location with a concentration of participants in banking, asset management, insurance or financial markets with venues and supporting services for these activities to take place. Participants can include financial intermediaries (such as banks and brokers), institutional investors (such as investment managers, pension funds, insurers, and hedge funds), and issuers (such as companies and governments). Trading activity can take place on venues such as exchanges and involve clearing houses, although many transactions take place over-the-counter (OTC), that is directly between participants. Financial centres usually host companies that offer a wide range of financial services, for example relating to mergers and acquisitions, public offerings, or corporate actions; or which participate in other areas of finance, such as private equity, hedge funds, and reinsurance. Ancillary financial services include rating agencies, as well as provision of related professional services, particularly legal advice and accounting services.

The International Monetary Fund's classes of major financial centres are: International Financial Centres (IFCs), such as New York City, London, and Singapore; Regional Financial Centres (RFCs), such as Shanghai, Shenzhen, Frankfurt, and Sydney; and Offshore Financial Centres (OFCs), such as Cayman Islands, Dublin, and Hong Kong.


The City of London (the "Square Mile") is one of the oldest financial centres. London is ranked as one of the largest International Financial Centres in the world.
International Financial Centres, and many Regional Financial Centres, are full–service financial centres with direct access to large capital pools from banks, insurance companies, investment funds, and listed capital markets, and are major global cities. Offshore Financial Centres, and also some Regional Financial Centres, tend to specialise in tax-driven services, such as corporate tax planning tools, tax–neutral vehicles, and shadow banking/securitisation, and can include smaller locations (e.g. Luxembourg), or city-states (e.g. Singapore). The IMF notes an overlap between Regional Financial Centres and Offshore Financial Centres (e.g. Hong Kong and Singapore are both Offshore Financial Centres and Regional Financial Centres). Since 2010, academics consider Offshore Financial Centres synonymous with tax havens.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Summarize what GDP means as well as what it is and is not used for.
Context: Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and sold in a specific time period by a country or countries, generally "without double counting the intermediate goods and services used up to produce them".[citation needed] GDP is most often used by the government of a single country to measure its economic health. Due to its complex and subjective nature, this measure is often revised before being considered a reliable indicator.[citation needed] GDP (nominal) per capita does not, however, reflect differences in the cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries; therefore, using a basis of GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) may be more useful when comparing living standards between nations, while nominal GDP is more useful comparing national economies on the international market. Total GDP can also be broken down into the contribution of each industry or sector of the economy. The ratio of GDP to the total population of the region is the per capita GDP (also called the Mean Standard of Living).

GDP definitions are maintained by a number of national and international economic organizations. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) defines GDP as "an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident and institutional units engaged in production and services (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)". An IMF publication states that, "GDP measures the monetary value of final goods and services—that are bought by the final user—produced in a country in a given period of time (say a quarter or a year)."

GDP is often used as a metric for international comparisons as well as a broad measure of economic progress. It is often considered to be the world's most powerful statistical indicator of national development and progress. However, critics of the growth imperative often argue that GDP measures were never intended to measure progress, and leave out key other externalities, such as resource extraction, environmental impact and unpaid domestic work. Critics frequently propose alternative economic models such as doughnut economics which use other measures of success or alternative indicators such as the OECD's Better Life Index as better approaches to measuring the effect of the economy on human development and well being.
Response: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measurement of all of the goods and services sold in a specific country over a specific time period. It is used as a metric for economic health, economic progress, and for international comparisons. GDP is not a used to measure cost of living differences and inflation rates between countries.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When was the first episode of Big Brother on CBS?
Response: The first episode of Big Brother aired on CBS in July 2000.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which bird lays the largest egg?
Response: Ostrich
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What were the 'Big Four' railway companies in the UK before nationalisation
Response: The Big Four were London, Midland and Scotland (LMS), London and North Eastern Railway (LNER), Great Western Railway (GWR) and Southern Railway (SR)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Towers?
Response: Walton Towers
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some of the more renowned British Romantic poets.
Response: Among the most famous of the British Romantic poets were William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, and Lord Byron.