fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is "Cien años de soledad"?
Context: One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4
Response: One Hundred Years of Solitude is a novel by Colombian writer Gabriel García Márquez , winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. It is considered a masterpiece of Spanish-American and universal literature, as well as one of the most translated and read works in Spanish . 1 It was listed as one of the most important works of the Spanish language during the IV International Congress of the Spanish Language held in Cartagena de Indias in March 2007. 2 It was included in the list of the 100 best novels in Spanish of the 20th century by the Spanish newspaper El Mundo , 3 on the list of the 100 books of the 20th century by the French newspaper Le Monde and in the 100 best books of all time by the Norwegian Book Club . 4

The first edition of the novel was published in Buenos Aires in May 1967 by the Sudamericana publishing house , 5 with a great reception from critics and the public, and had an initial total edition of 8,000 copies. To date, more than 30 million copies have been sold and it has been translated into 35 languages. 1
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the biggest flag in the world?
Response: According to Guinness World Records the largest flag ever made was of a Romanian national flag that measured 349 x 227 metres (1,145 x 744.5ft) – about three times the size of a football field. It weighed 5-tonnes and consisted of 44 miles of thread and was unfurled 22 miles South-East of Bucharest.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are some good uses for duct tape
Response: Duct tape is good for patching a hole in a tent, repairing clothes, sealing takeout containers before putting them in a bag or the car, wrapping boxes if there's no packing tape, and keeping someone's mouth shut if you have kidnapped them.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are the top 3 GDP countries in 2022?
Response: They are the United States ($20.89 trillion), China ($14.72 trillion), and Japan ($5.06 trillion).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who are ''The Lumières" ?
Response: The Lumières (literally in English: The Lights) was a cultural, philosophical, literary and intellectual movement beginning in the second half of the 17th century, originating in western Europe and spreading throughout the rest of Europe. It included philosophers such as Baruch Spinoza, David Hume, John Locke, Edward Gibbon, Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Denis Diderot, Pierre Bayle and Isaac Newton. This movement is influenced by the scientific revolution in southern Europe arising directly from the Italian renaissance with people like Galileo Galilei. Over time it came to mean the Siècle des Lumières, in English the Age of Enlightenment.[Note 1]

Members of the movement saw themselves as a progressive élite, and battled against religious and political persecution, fighting against what they saw as the irrationality, arbitrariness, obscurantism and superstition of the previous centuries. They redefined the study of knowledge to fit the ethics and aesthetics of their time. Their works had great influence at the end of the 18th century, in the American Declaration of Independence and the French Revolution.

This intellectual and cultural renewal by the Lumières movement was, in its strictest sense, limited to Europe. These ideas were well understood in Europe, but beyond France the idea of "enlightenment" had generally meant a light from outside, whereas in France it meant a light coming from within oneself.

In the most general terms, in science and philosophy, the Enlightenment aimed for the triumph of reason over faith and belief; in politics and economics, the triumph of the bourgeois over nobility and clergy.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Why did the San Francisco 49ers lose some fans in the mid-2000s?
Response: In 2005, the San Francisco 49ers drafted Alex Smith with the #1 pick in the NFL draft. The organization selected Smith, a Quarterback from the University of Utah and originally from Bremerton, WA, over Aaron Rodgers. Aaron Rodgers, a Quarterback from the University of California originally from Chico, CA, ultimately was drafted by the Green Bay Packers with pick #35 and went on to become one of the most highly regarded quarterbacks of all time.

After passing on Rodgers, the 49ers missed the playoffs for the next 5 seasons. Since they had missed the playoffs the previous three seasons, many fans were left extremely frustrated.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Who was Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta
Context: Luis González de Ubieta y González del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.
Response: Luis Gonzalez de Ubieta y Gonzalez del Campillo (1899 – 1950) was an admiral of the Spanish Republican Navy during the Spanish Civil War. He died in exile as the captain of the Panamanian merchant vessel Chiriqui, refusing to be rescued when the ship under his command sank in the Caribbean Sea not far from Barranquilla.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a paragraph to convince someone to visit Porto Portugal.
Response: Porto Portugal is an amazing travel destination that is easily accessible by train from the capital of Lisbon.  Porto is coastal town with great beaches and is the primary distributer of port wine that is grown in vineyards from the Douro Valley.  In Porto you can explore the many distributors that age the port wine and take a trip on the Douro River in one of the boats that used to be used to transport port barrels from the vineyards to Porto.  You can also take a day trip by bus to the Douro Valley and visit the many vineyards and sample the port wine.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: My family wants to buy a dog.  Which breed should we chose?
Response: Selecting a breed is an important step when deciding on a dog.  First, determine if it will be used for hunting, show or as a pet. Then decide if you would like a big, medium or small sized dog.  It's also good to know if you have any allegories towards particular types of hair of fur. Finally, since breeds can vary significantly by cost you will want to contact multiple breeders and rescue shelters to find the best fit for your needs at the budget you set.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones did Daniel Minahan direct?
Response: Daniel Minahan directed three episodes of the first season of Game of Thrones: A Golden Crown, You Win or You Die, and The Pointy End.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the name of the universities Norman Alan Burges studied at from the text. List them using bullets.
Context: Norman Alan Burges CBE (5 August 1911 – 4 October 2002), was an Australian botanist who became the first vice-chancellor of the New University of Ulster in Coleraine, Northern Ireland.

He was born 5 August 1911, in East Maitland, New South Wales, and took his first degree in MSc at the University of Sydney, then studied for his PhD in mycology at Emmanuel College, Cambridge. After a short period as a Research Fellow at Emmanuel, at the outbreak of war in 1939 he joined the Royal Air Force serving in Bomber Command. After the war he returned to Australia and in 1947 became professor of botany at the University of Sydney, and later dean of the Faculty of Science and a Fellow of Senate there. he also acted as the honorary general secretary of the Australian and New Zealand Association for the Advancement of Science during that period.
Response: - University of Sydney
- Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: How old was Stefan Richarz when he received his phD?
Context: Stefan Richarz (25 November 1874 – 13 July 1934) was a German priest, missionary and geologist.

Richarz was born in Richrath near Cologne, Germany in 1874. He joined the Divine Word Missionaries in 1893 at Steyl, Netherlands. He studied theology in the school of the order Sankt Gabriel in Maria Enzersdorf near Mödling and received his ordination to the priesthood in 1901. Richarz studied geology, paleontology, petrology and chemistry at the University of Vienna and later mineralogy, philosophy and geology at the University of Munich. He received his phD for work with Ernst Weinschenk and Ernst Freiherr Stromer von Reichenbach in 1919 from the University of Munich on basalts from a quarry near Groschlattengrün.

In the following years he taught geology and astronomy at the school of the order Sankt Gabriel. In 1921 he changed to the school of the Divine Word Missionaries in Techny, Illinois where he lectured on geology, chemistry, mathematics and astronomy. In 1933 Richarz became dean of the science department of the Catholic University of Peking. In his first year, he went on a geological field trip to Mengyin County, South Shantung, China where he died 13. July, 1934.
Response: Stefan was 45 years old in 1919 when he received his phD from University of Munich, given he was born in 1874.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When will we go interplanetary?
Response: Humans already have successful missions to other planets. There are project that are in progress across world that should put humans in Mars in next decade. If you ask me, I am already in Mars and attempting to go intergalaxy.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the teams that have won the English Premier League
Response: - Manchester United (13 times, most recently 2012-13)
- Blackburn Rovers (Once, 1994-95)
- Arsenal (Three times, most recently 2003-04)
- Chelsea (Five times, most recently 2016-17)
- Manchester City (Six times, most recently 2021-22)
- Leicester City (Once, 2015-16)
- Liverpool (Once, 2019-20)
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Special Agent Fox Mulder's FBI identification number?
Response: 2219-526
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How old is the largest living thing?
Response: 2500 years
Category: classification
Instruction: On a visit to a movie theater, classify the likelihood of finding each of the following as either 'highly likely', 'likely', 'unlikely' or 'highly unlikely'. popcorn, M&Ms, sushi, salad, pasta.
Response: It is highly likely that popcorn would be found at a movie theater.
It is highly likely that M&Ms would be found at a movie theater.
It is highly unlikely that sushi would be found at a movie theater.
It is highly unlikely that salad would be found at a movie theater.
It is highly unlikely that pasta would be found at a movie theater.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me 5 facts about Singapore
Response: * Singapore is a very tiny country that is only 733 km squared.
* In 2022 the estimated population of Singapore was approximately 5,637,000
* The current president (As of April 2023) of Singapore is Halimah Yacob
* The number one religion in Singapore is Buddhism at approx. 31.1%
* The national language of Singapore is Malay
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is use of bezier curve in Robotics?
Context: Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object. Furthermore, joint space trajectories can be accurately differentiated using Bézier curves. Consequently, the derivatives of joint space trajectories are used in the calculation of the dynamics and control effort (torque profiles) of the robotic manipulator.
Response: Bézier curves can be used in robotics to produce trajectories of an end-effector due to the virtue of the control polygon’s ability to give a clear indication of whether the path is colliding with any nearby obstacle or object.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following famous basketball players have won an NBA championship: Lebron James, Steve Nash, Michael Jordan, Charles Barkley, Dwight Howard, Larry Bird, and Chris Paul
Response: Chris Paul, Charles Barkley, Dwight Howard, and Steve Nash have never won an NBA championship. Lebron James, Michael Jordan, and Larry Bird have all won an NBA championship. In fact, all three of those players have won multiple championships.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Are panda bears real bears?
Response: Yes, pandas are one of the 8 or so species of extant, or living, bear. They are likely the most distantly related bear relative to the other species, along with spectacled bears. Pandas live in the wild exclusively in Asia. Pandas primarily eat bamboo. Red pandas are not bears, and are more closely related to raccoons.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the different ways to score in American football?
Response: The most common way to score in American football is a touchdown, which is worth 6 points. After each touchdown, you have the option of scoring 1 or 2 points during the "extra point". Many teams elect to kick field goals when they can't get close enough to score a touchdown. Field goals are worth 3 points each. Defensive players can also score a safety, which is worth 2 points.
Category: classification
Instruction: What qualifies an animal as a monotreme?
Response: A monotreme is a mammal that lays eggs.  This is uncommon as there are only two mammals, the echidnas and platypus, that do so.  The majority of mammals give placenta birth, with another minority of mammals, known as marsupials, give birth to a fetus-like embryo which is dependent of mother's teat to provide nourishment until fully developed.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name the top 10 Manchester United Scorers of all time and how many goals they scored?
Response: 1) Wayne Rooney - 253 goals

2) Bobby Charlton- 249 goals

3) Denis Law- 227 goals

4) Jack Rowley- 211 goals

5) Dennis Viollet- 179 goals

6) George Best - 179 goals

7) Joe Spence- 168 goals

8) Ryan Giggs -168 goals

9) Mark Hughes - 163 goals

10) Paul Scholes - 155 goals
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Name at least four different types of freshwater waterways
Response: Rivers, creeks, canals and lakes
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What is the best way to get to Philadelphia from Downingtown if you do not have a car?
Response: The first thing you would do would be to look up where the Downingtown train station is in relation to where you are. Find the train schedule and allow the appropriate time to walk to the train station. Board the SEPTA train and ride from there into Philadelphia.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the names of the teams Michael Schumacher was a part of from the text. Separate them with a comma.
Context: Michael Schumacher ; born 3 January 1969) is a German former racing driver who competed in Formula One for Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, and Mercedes. Schumacher has a joint-record seven World Drivers' Championship titles (tied with Lewis Hamilton) and, at the time of his retirement from the sport in 2012, he held the records for the most wins (91), pole positions (68), and podium finishes (155)—which have since been broken by Hamilton—while he maintains the record for the number of total fastest laps (77), among others.
Response: Jordan, Benetton, Ferrari, Mercedes
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Give a numbered list of instructions to set up a snowboard. The items I can use are a snowboard, snowboard bindings, a screwdriver, screws, and a measuring tape.
Response: 1. Figure out your reference stance, or how far apart your feet will be when riding the snowboard. This should be a comfortable position that is generally a bit wider than shoulder-width.
2. Using the measuring tape, measure the reference stance distance between the mounting holes of both feet. Start from the mounting holes in the center of each foot on the snowboard and expand out until the proper width is measured.
3. Align your snowboard bindings on the identified mounting holes. You may first consider adjusting the angle of your snowboard bindings, this can be done by rotating the baseplate of the binding.
4. Using the screwdriver and screws, screw in the snowboard bindings at the chosen angle and at the chosen mounting position. Make sure the bindings are tight.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please give me the keypoints about Mehmed II's reign
Context: Mehmed II (Ottoman Turkish: محمد ثانى, romanized: Meḥmed-i s̱ānī; Turkish: II. Mehmed, pronounced [icinˈdʒi ˈmehmed]; 30 March 1432 – 3 May 1481), commonly known as Mehmed the Conqueror (Ottoman Turkish: ابو الفتح, romanized: Ebū'l-fetḥ, lit. 'the Father of Conquest'; Turkish: Fâtih Sultan Mehmed), was an Ottoman sultan who ruled from August 1444 to September 1446, and then later from February 1451 to May 1481.

In Mehmed II's first reign, he defeated the crusade led by John Hunyadi after the Hungarian incursions into his country broke the conditions of the truce Peace of Szeged. When Mehmed II ascended the throne again in 1451, he strengthened the Ottoman navy and made preparations to attack Constantinople. At the age of 21, he conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. After the conquest, Mehmed claimed the title Caesar of the Roman Empire (Ottoman Turkish: قیصر‎ روم, romanized: Qayser-i Rûm), based on the fact that Constantinople had been the seat and capital of the surviving Eastern Roman Empire since its consecration in 330 AD by Emperor Constantine I. The claim was only recognized by the Patriarchate of Constantinople. Nonetheless, Mehmed II viewed the Ottoman state as a continuation of the Roman Empire for the remainder of his life, seeing himself as "continuing" the Empire rather than "replacing" it.

Mehmed continued his conquests in Anatolia with its reunification and in Southeast Europe as far west as Bosnia. At home he made many political and social reforms, encouraged the arts and sciences, and by the end of his reign, his rebuilding program had changed Constantinople into a thriving imperial capital. He is considered a hero in modern-day Turkey and parts of the wider Muslim world. Among other things, Istanbul's Fatih district, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge and Fatih Mosque are named after him.
Response: Mehmed II also known as Mehmed the Conqueror was an Ottoman Sultan who reigned from 1432 to 1481. He is known for conquering Constantinople, ending the Byzantine Empire and greatly expanded the Ottoman empire.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What are modifiers in English?
Response: A word, especially an adjective or noun used attributively, that restricts or adds to sense of a head noun
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which months were added to the calendar and why?
Response: In order for the Roman calendar year which was ten months long, to be in sync with the lunar year, the months of January and February were added.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Which sport is similar to baseball?
Response: Baseball  is a bat-ball game. While there are many sports played with bat and a ball, considering the number of players involved ( more than 4 ) in a field. Cricket comes very close and have similarities with the game of Baseball.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name some largest US states
Response: - Alaska 
- Texas 
- California
- Montana 
- New Mexico
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given this paragraph about the original church in Guston in 1892, what were the two ways that were used to announce the beginning of services?
Context: English congregationalist preacher Rev. William Davis found some success evangelizing the miners and their families after establishing a church in Guston in 1892, the only one in the Red Mountain Mining District. The church had not only a bell but also a steam whistle to announce when services were commencing. Davis had earlier tried unsuccessfully to establish a church in Red Mountain Town. The day after the Guston church opened, the commercial district of Red Mountain Town was destroyed in a fire, with some local residents suggesting it was the result of "divine intervention". Between 1941 and 1945, the by-then abandoned Guston church had begun to tilt heavily, eventually collapsing.
Response: The church used both a bell and a steam whistle to announce the start of services.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Where can I buy leather pants for women?
Response: You can find leather pants at a variety of retailers. For lower cost options, try stores like Zara, H&M, Old Navy, and Gap. If you have a higher price point, try stores like Nordstrom, Macy's, Abercrombie & Fitch, or online retailers Revolve or Lulus.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who is the director of "Who Killed Hanna Jane?"
Context: Who Killed Hannah Jane? is a 1984 Australian television film about the murder conviction of Arthur Peden directed by Peter Fisk and starring Graham Rouse, June Salter, Judi Farr, Edward Howell, and Barry Otto. It was the third of four telemovies called Verdict produced by the ABC dramatising real cases (the others being The Dean Case, The Amorous Dentist, and The Schippan Mystery)
Response: Peter Fisk is the director of the film.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are the top 10 largest cities in the world by population (city proper)?
Response: - Chongqing, China
- Shanghai, China
- Beijing, China
- Delhi, India
- Chengdu, China
- Istanbul, Turkey
- Karachi, Pakistan
- Guangzhou, China
- Tianjin, China
- Tokyo, Japan
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is Chardonnay?
Context: Chardonnay (UK: /ˈʃɑːrdəneɪ/, US: /ˌʃɑːrdənˈeɪ/, French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ] (listen)) is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The variety originated in the Burgundy wine region of eastern France, but is now grown wherever wine is produced, from England to New Zealand. For new and developing wine regions, growing Chardonnay is seen as a 'rite of passage' and an easy entry into the international wine market.

The Chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the wine being derived from such influences as terroir and oak. It is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of Chablis, France, to New World wines with oak and tropical fruit flavors. In cool climates (such as Chablis and the Carneros AVA of California), Chardonnay wine tends to be medium to light body with noticeable acidity and flavors of green plum, apple, and pear. In warmer locations (such as the Adelaide Hills and Mornington Peninsula in Australia and Gisborne and Marlborough region of New Zealand), the flavors become more citrus, peach, and melon, while in very warm locations (such as the Central Coast AVA of California), more fig and tropical fruit notes such as banana and mango come out. Wines that have gone through malolactic fermentation tend to have softer acidity and fruit flavors with buttery mouthfeel and hazelnut notes.
Response: Chardonnay (UK: /ˈʃɑːrdəneɪ/, US: /ˌʃɑːrdənˈeɪ/, French: [ʃaʁdɔnɛ] (listen)) is a green-skinned grape variety used in the production of white wine. The Chardonnay grape itself is neutral, with many of the flavors commonly associated with the wine being derived from such influences as terroir and oak. It is vinified in many different styles, from the lean, crisply mineral wines of Chablis, France, to New World wines with oak and tropical fruit flavors.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What has the IETF ALTO working group accomplished?
Context: Starting around 2005, the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent was a serious concern to many network operators, as the massive amounts of network traffic caused by these applications had a significant impact on traffic engineering and revenues. Some network operators tried to throttle this traffic.

In May 2008, in an IETF Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Infrastructure, several areas of work were identified:

1. A standardized interface for the exchange of information between the underlying IP network and an overlay network, such as a peer-to-peer network. The basic idea is, that if the overlay network was aware of the topology and the cost for sending traffic through the underlying IP network, it could optimize decisions with respect to the overlay network's topology (e.g., peer selection) and routing of traffic through the overlay network. The result would be better performance or Quality of Experience in the application while reducing the utilization of the underlying network infrastructure. This work item led to the establishment of the IETF ALTO working group.
2. Content caches in the network. This has been studied in the IETF DECADE working group. However, no new protocol has been developed and standardized.
3. A new congestion control mechanism in the transport layer for background traffic, which "yields" to standard TCP. This was worked on in the IETF LEDBAT working group and has been standardized in RFC 6817.
4. A new DiffServ code point to mark IP packets to have a lower priority than the default "best effort" category has been standardized in RFC 8622.

The IETF ALTO working group was established in November 2008. The first deliverables were the problem statement, the requirements document, the specification of the core ALTO protocol and an ALTO server discovery mechanism. Since then, various extensions have been specified (see below) or are still work in progress (see IETF ALTO Datatracker).

Originally designed to support peer-to-peer file sharing, the concept is broadly applicable to many network problems. However, as of 2021 it has not achieved widespread deployment in the internet. Nevertheless, there have been experiments in Internet service provider (ISP) networks and a deployment to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN.
Response: The IETF ALTO working group was formed to solve the problems caused by the widespread use of peer-to-peer applications such as BitTorrent. The working group has provided a problem statement, requirements document, and the specifications of the core ALTO protocol and ALTO server discovery mechanism. There is still no widespread adoption of the ALTO protocol as of 2021 although some Internet service provider (ISP) networks have experimented with it, and CERN has deployed it to support large data transfers for the Large Hadron Collider.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Why does Daenerys Targaryen want to rule Westeros?
Response: According to the exiled Targaryen, she is steadfast in her belief that she is the rightful heir to the Iron Throne as she is the only living descendent of the last Targaryen monarch, her father, King Aerys II. Her father was murdered by his Kingsguard, Jaime Lannister, and his throne usurped by Robert Baratheon. Daenerys believes it is her birthright to reclaim the throne.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: As a golfer, how can I fix my slice?
Response: A common swing fault in golfers is a slice which is caused when the face of the club isn't aligned properly to the swing path of the club.  What will typically happen is at the time of impact, the face is open in relation to the target (ie aimed to the right if you are a right handed golfer) and the swing path is closed in relation to the target (ie aimed to the left if you are a left handed golfer).  When there is a large difference between the path of the swing and the face of the club, the impact will generate a high degree of lateral spin on the ball causing the flight of the ball to curve away from the target.  Here are some ways to fix this swing fault:

1. Grip the club with a stronger grip.  This means the v formed between your thumb and pointer finger on back hand is pointed to your rear shoulder and your opposite hand it also gripping the club more from the back.  This will help you close the face of the club at impact.
2. Focus on keeping the face closed in the backswing.  One fault many amateurs have is the club face opens toward the sky on the backswing too far meaning that the face will need to turn more on the downswing to get to square at impact.  Creating less rotation on the backswing can help with this.  
3. Keeping hips down and back in the downswing.  One fault that can cause inconsistent contact as well as a slice is when the hips thrust forward during the downswing causing the golfer to lift up to counter being too close to the ball which can often cause an over the top, out-to-in swing path.  Try to keep the hips back through the swing and focus on rotating the body to keep forward or lateral movement to a minimum.  

A slice is a very common issue among golfers but knowing the causes and swing faults that lead to a slice can help you think about how you can improve your swing to fix it.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What is disadvantage of naive algorithm of simple random sampling?
Context: Several efficient algorithms for simple random sampling have been developed. A naive algorithm is the draw-by-draw algorithm where at each step we remove the item at that step from the set with equal probability and put the item in the sample. We continue until we have sample of desired size 
�
k. The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set.

The selection-rejection algorithm developed by Fan et al. in 1962 requires a single pass over data; however, it is a sequential algorithm and requires knowledge of total count of items 
�
n, which is not available in streaming scenarios.

A very simple random sort algorithm was proved by Sunter in 1977. The algorithm simply assigns a random number drawn from uniform distribution 
(
0
,
1
)
(0,1) as a key to each item, then sorts all items using the key and selects the smallest 
�
k items.

J. Vitter in 1985 proposed reservoir sampling algorithms, which are widely used. This algorithm does not require knowledge of the size of the population 
�
n in advance, and uses constant space.

Random sampling can also be accelerated by sampling from the distribution of gaps between samples and skipping over the gaps.
Response: The drawback of this method is that it requires random access in the set.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is Manchester United the best football team in England?
Response: Manchester United is the most successful club in England because they have won the most domestic trophies and have the largest fan base in the world
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the name of the famous park in New York City?
Response: Central Park
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Wasp, Bumblebee
Response: Wasp is Marvel, Bumblebee is DC
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List five titles by Ann M. Martin.
Response: Bummer Summer, Belle Teal, A Corner of the Universe, Ten Kids, No Pets, Everything for a Dog
Category: classification
Instruction: If you are going to the beach for the day with your family of five, which includes young children, determine whether the following items are either 'helpful', 'not helpful', or ' impractical'. The items are: sunscreen, bottles of water, 20 shovels, boots, snacks, towels, sand toys, 20 shovels, a parachute, and a grand piano.
Response: A day at the beach is a great way to spend time with family! Since you'll be away from the comforts of home, bringing the right items is essential to fully enjoying the day. With young children, it's important to bring water and food to keep them happy throughout the day, also having a few toys is not a bad idea. In that case, having water bottles, snacks, and sand toys would all be useful. If you're at the beach all day, it's also likely you'll swim in ocean or lay in the sand, so having towels and sunscreen at the ready is incredibly useful. 

On the other hand, there are a few items that seem unnecessary, or just not helpful for a day at the beach. Why would anyone ever require 20 shovels? A shovel by itself might be helpful, but 20 is way too many, and certainly not useful. Also, if one is at the beach, then boots are likely overkill and not useful, since most beach-goers tend to be barefoot or wear sandals. Lastly, the list contains two items which are impractical for any beach trip: a parachute and a grand piano. In my entire life, I've never seen a grand piano at the beach. They're beautiful instruments, but very heavy and would take a ton of effort to get on the beach, not to mention the possible damage to the piano. A parachute is also similarly impractical. The family trip is exclusively on the ground, so bringing an item that helps people jump from planes seems entirely impractical.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Kundu, Kabosy
Response: Kabosy is string, Kundu is percussion.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What could you do on a Sunday?
Response: Most people do not work on Sundays, so they are free to pursue leisure activities to relax and recharge. To some people this may mean pursuing a hobby or a sport. Others may see friends or family. Unfortunately, Sundays may not be entirely free of unenjoyable chores such doing the laundry or cleaning the house.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the names of the television series Dixie Violet Egerickx starred in and the year those series were released. List them using bullets in the format {Series} - {Year}
Context: Dixie Violet Egerickx (born 31 October 2005) is an English actress. Egerickx has appeared three times on the London stage, as Iphigenia in Robert Icke's adaptation of Oresteia, Rosalind in Alexi Kay Campbell's Sunset at the Villa Thalia at the National Theatre and as Jenny Caroline 'Qui Qui' Marx in Richard Bean and Clive Coleman's Young Marx at The Bridge Theatre, directed by Sir Nicholas Hytner. She appeared in the 2017 National Geographic series Genius and the 2018 television series Patrick Melrose making her feature film debut in the 2018 film The Little Stranger. Egerickx was named in Screen International's Screen Stars of Tomorrow list in 2019 at the age of 13. She starred as Edie in the 2020 drama film Summerland, and portrayed Mary Lennox in the 2020 film The Secret Garden. In 2019 she filmed HBO's Unaired Game of Thrones Prequel Pilot and most recently has completed filming the role of Jo Ransome in the Apple TV miniseries of The Essex Serpent, directed by Clio Barnard.
Response: Genius - 2017
Patrick Melrose - 2018
The Essex Serpent - 2022
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the teams that the footballer Sócrates played during his career, separate it by comma.
Context: Sócrates Brasileiro Sampaio de Souza Vieira de Oliveira (19 February 1954 – 4 December 2011), simply known as Sócrates [ˈsɔkɾat͡ʃis], was a Brazilian footballer who played as a midfielder. His medical degree and his political awareness, combined with style and quality of his play, earned him the nickname "Doctor Socrates".

Easily recognizable for his beard and headband, Sócrates became the "symbol of cool for a whole generation of football supporters". He is considered to be one of the greatest midfielders of his generation. In 1983, he was named South American Footballer of the Year. In 2004, he was named by Pelé in the FIFA 100 list of the world's greatest living players.

Socrates played for Brazil for seven years, scoring 22 goals and representing the nation in two World Cups. He captained the team in the 1982 FIFA World Cup; playing in midfield alongside Zico, Falcão, Toninho Cerezo and Éder, considered one of the greatest Brazilian national teams ever. He also appeared in the 1979 and 1983 Copa América. At club level, Sócrates played for Botafogo-SP before joining Corinthians in 1978. He moved to Italy to play for Fiorentina, returning to Brazil in 1985 to end his career.
Response: Brazil, Botafogo-SP, Corinthians, Fiorentina
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What books would you recommend someone read to improve their general knowledge of the world?
Response: Here are some books that can help improve one's general knowledge of the world:

*Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies Revised by Jared Diamond

* The Blind Watchmaker: Why the Evidence of Evolution Reveals a Universe Without Design by Richard Dawkins

* The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion by  Jon Haidt

* The Psychology of Money: Timeless lessons on wealth, greed, and happiness by Housel Morgan

* Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos by Mitch Waldrop

* Influence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini 
 
* Thinking, Fast and Slow by  Daniel Kahneman
 
* How the Mind Works by Steven Pinker
 
* Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution and the Meanings of Life by Daniel Dennett
 
* Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk by Peter L. Bernstein

* Moneyball by Michael Lewis
 
* The Halo Effect: ... and the Eight Other Business Delusions That Deceive by Phil Rosenzweig
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Where should I go for vacation?
Response: Where you should go for vacation depends on your interests and budget. For example, if you want to immerse yourself in nature, you could visit a local national park and stay in a nearby town. You could spend your time hiking, picnicking, and sightseeing in the national park in a cost effective way. If you prefer nightlife, visiting a city may be for you. In the United States, some options are Los Angeles and New York City. Finally, if you prefer spending your time in museums, find a vacation spot with a rich history, and enjoy immersing yourself in the local culture. For example, India, Peru and Paris are three destinations with and endless supply of local history and culture.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the best nightly skin care routine?
Response: It depends on your skin type, like oily, normal or dry skin. There are products that benefit each skin type, but there are usually products that are beneficial to all. Some people like to wash their face at night with a gentle cleanser, followed by physical or chemical exfoliating on occasion. After washing and exfoliating, a toner can be applied to close pores and refresh your skin. Depending on your skin needs, you may opt to apply a serum. There are also face masks that can be applied after cleaning, like clay, peel off and sheet masks. A good moisturizer is essential for every type of skin. It is very important to always use SPF at the beginning of each day before you go out.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is John Melo
Response: John Melo is a Filipino singer and songwriter. He won the 1993 Awit Awards for Best New Male Performance. After a long absence from the music scene, he returned in 2017 with his new song Malapit Na Ang Pasko. He is also a U.S Correspondent and a sports news writer
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of the best movies I've never seen.
Response: Top 10 movies I've ever seen, in no particular order. The Godfather, Dead Poet's Society, Rear Window, Scarface, Inception, Top Gun, Jaws, Skyfall, The Shawshank Redemption, A Few Good Men
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of actors who won an Oscar in the last 5 years.
Response: 1. Brendan Fraser, 2022
2. Will Smith, 2021
3. Anthony Hopkins, 2020
4. Joaquin Phoenix, 2019
5. Rami Malek, 2018
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a, "one-timer" in ice hockey?
Response: Ice hockey is a sport typically played with one goalie and five skaters on each of two opposing teams.  A one-timer is an expression used to describe a shot taken by a player directly from a pass of another player in a single motion.  This does not necessarily have to be a shot on goal, but a one-timer is so named to describe the backswing and striking of the puck from a pass, deflection or re-direction without stopping or accepting the puck first.  The idea behind the name one-timer refers to the idea the shooter has one opportunity to make contact with the puck in this manner and without proper time is at risk of missing the shot entirely due to the puck being in motion as the shot is attempted.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Without quoting directly from the text tell me how Beppe Grillo died.
Context: On 7 December 1981 Grillo lost control of a Chevrolet K5 Blazer as he drove on a military road, forbidden to civilians, from Limone Piemonte to Colle di Tenda.
Response: He died in a car accident
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the most popular implementations of Kafka?
Response: There are multiple implementations of Apache Kafka available for the customers. Popular ones that you may come across are 

- Open Source Implementations (VMs, K8s, Bare metal though rare): On-Prem and Cloud
- Confluent Kafka
- Azure EventHub with Kafka API
- Amazon MSK

Apache Kafka is the open source implementation of Kafka that can be deployed in your own infrastructure on-premises or in the cloud. It provides the core functionalities of Kafka and is the most widely used implementation.

Confluent is a company founded by the creators of Kafka that offers a complete Kafka distribution, along with additional features such as a schema registry, KSQL DB, Kafka Connect, and a management UI.

Azure Event Hubs is a cloud-based messaging service provided by Microsoft Azure that is fully compatible with Kafka. It offers a managed Kafka service as well as a native API.

Amazon MSK (Managed Streaming for Kafka) is a fully managed Kafka service offered by Amazon Web Services. It is fully compatible with Apache Kafka and provides seamless integration with other AWS services.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a short story about a toddler and her imaginary friend. She is with her family and excited but nervous about the new surroundings
Response: She was about the leave the hotel room with her family. She watched as her parents packed up their bags and got her baby brother ready for a day out. They were busily talking to each other and running through their checklist of things to bring for the day out at the castle.
Feeling like she should help she asked Teetum, her imaginary friend to help her back her bag. Together her and Teetum packed imaginary sandwiches, imaginary rain coats and imaginary toys for the day out. This made her feel ready to face the excitement of the new city and the day out at the castle.
As they stepped out onto the street she held her mothers hand knowing they had everything they needed for the day.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is Linux?
Response: Linux is a family of open-source Unix-like operating systems that are based on the Linux kernel. The Linux kernel was first released on September 17, 1991 by Linus Torvalds. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on the Intel X86 architecture, but has since then been ported to more platforms than any other operating system. Popular Linux distributions include Debian, Fedora, Red Hat and Ubuntu.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a paragraph of a blog post about owning a Cavoodle.
Response: The Cavoodle is a cross between a Cavalier King Charles Spaniel and a Poodle.  These are now one of the most sort after breeds based on their temperament, overall genetic makeup and an all-round nature as a breed.  The Cavoodle is a pack animal that loves nothing more than being a member of the family. Highly intelligent the Cavoodle has the smarts of a poodle and the relaxed nature of the Cavalier. Put together this is a breed that will suit most families, older owners looking for companionship and people living on their own. A loving nature, mixed with a playful attitude, may owners immediately fall in love with this breed. Social, friendly, intelligent and an easy dog breed to look after the Cavoodle continues to grow in popularity.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Puerto Rico, tell me if it is a State, are its resident US citizens, and if they pay US taxes.
Context: Puerto Rico (Spanish for 'rich port'; abbreviated PR; Taino: Boriken, Borinquen), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Spanish: Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, lit. 'Free Associated State of Puerto Rico'), is a Caribbean island and unincorporated territory of the United States with official Commonwealth status. It is located in the northeast Caribbean Sea, approximately 1,000 miles (1,600 km) southeast of Miami, Florida, between the Dominican Republic and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and includes the eponymous main island and several smaller islands, such as Mona, Culebra, and Vieques. It has roughly 3.2 million residents, and its capital and most populous city is San Juan. Spanish and English are the official languages of the executive branch of government, though Spanish predominates.

Puerto Rico was settled by a succession of indigenous peoples beginning 2,000 to 4,000 years ago; these included the Ortoiroid, Saladoid, and Taíno. It was then colonized by Spain following the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1493. Puerto Rico was contested by other European powers, but remained a Spanish possession for the next four centuries. An influx of African slaves and settlers primarily from the Canary Islands and Andalusia vastly changed the cultural and demographic landscape of the island. Within the Spanish Empire, Puerto Rico played a secondary but strategic role compared to wealthier colonies like Peru and New Spain. By the late 19th century, a distinct Puerto Rican identity began to emerge, centered around a fusion of indigenous, African, and European elements. In 1898, following the Spanish–American War, Puerto Rico was acquired by the United States.

Puerto Ricans have been U.S. citizens since 1917, and can move freely between the island and the mainland. However, as residents of an unincorporated territory, American citizens of Puerto Rico are disenfranchised at the national level, do not vote for the president or vice president, and generally do not pay federal income tax.[Note 1] In common with four other territories, Puerto Rico sends a nonvoting representative to the U.S. Congress, called a Resident Commissioner, and participates in presidential primaries; as it is not a state, Puerto Rico does not have a vote in Congress, which governs it under the Puerto Rico Federal Relations Act of 1950. Congress approved a local constitution in 1952, allowing U.S. citizens residing on the island to elect a governor. Puerto Rico's current and future political status has consistently been a matter of significant debate.
Response: No, Puerto Rico is not a US state. Rather, it is a US territory. Puerto Rican citizens have automatic US citizenship. Due to this, residents of Puerto Rico and the United States can travel freely between the two, without passports. Puerto Rican residents do not pay federal income tax nor do they vote for the US president.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Which party Sam Jones was part of?
Context: Samuel Barry Jones (8 July 1923 – 26 January 1999) was an Australian politician. He was a member of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly from 1965 until 1984 and a member of the ALP.

Early life
Samuel Barry Jones was born in Newcastle. He was the son of a steelworker and a brother of Charlie Jones. He was educated to intermediate level at Newcastle Boys' High School and trained as a fitter and turner. He was an office-holder in the Amalgamated Engineering Union.

Political career
Sam Jones joined the Labor Party in 1945 and served as vice president and secretary of Tighes Hill branch, vice president of Newcastle and Waratah State Electorate Councils and secretary of Newcastle Federal Electorate Council.
Response: Sam Jones (Samuel Barry Jones) served as vice president and secretary of the Labor Party in 1945.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Avengers, Justice League of America
Response: Avengers is Marvel, Justice League of America is DC