fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Loach or Poach
Response: Loach
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is MACRO-economics?
Response: Macroeconomics can be thought of as the “big picture” of economics. It focuses on aggregate
production and consumption in an economy. Topics that macroeconomists might study include:
Effects of general taxes such as income and sales taxes on output and prices
Causes of economic upswings and downturns
Effects of monetary and fiscal policy on economic health
Effects of and process for determining interest rates
Causes for some economies growing faster than others
Category: classification
Instruction: classify the following as mammals vs reptiles:
goat
snake
cockroach
pig
dog
caterpillar
lion
Response: mammals: goat, pig, dog, lion
reptiles: snack, cockroach, caterpillar
Category: general_qa
Instruction: I have problems to connect to the remote service. How I could debug the networking issue?
Response: There are few steps that could help to find the source of the problems. First we need to make sure that remote address is resolved correctly - we can use commands like nslookup & dig to resolve a host name to IP Address. If it's resolvable, we need to check that remote service is reachable - we can use tools like ping, traceroute, and related to check that network traffic is routed correctly. If it's not reachable, we need to check if routing is configured correctly and no firewall is blocking traffic between. If remote service is reachable, then we need to check if we can access the specific port on which service is listening - this is usually done with commands like telnet, nc and nmap. If port is not reachable, it's often happens when a firewall blocking traffic from external networks or traffic on non-standard ports.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the following by how they are affected by a strong permanent magnet as one of "attract", "repel", "nothing": iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass, a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick, a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet.
Response: Items that are strongly or weakly attracted are called "ferromagnetic" and "paramagnetic", respectively. These include: iron nail, paper clips, a tin can, a compass.
Items that are repelled by a magnet are either "paramagnetic" or themselves permanent magnets of the opposite polarity, including: a magnet of opposite polarity, pyrolytic carbon sheet. Items that are not affected by a permanent magnet are called "nonmagnetic" and include: a plastic cup, a glass window, a leather wallet, a brick.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a python?
Response: Python can mean multiple things.

As a high-level programming language, Python is interpreted and has dynamic typing. Python is used for a variety of applications such as web development, data science, artificial intelligence, and robotics. It is also used in the development of embedded systems, system administration, and systems programming.

Python can also mean a type of snake in the Pythonidae family native to the tropics and subtropics of the Eastern Hemisphere. They are nonvenomous snakes found in Asia, Africa and Australia.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where is Rihanna from?
Response: The artist known as Rihanna was born on the island of Barbados.
Category: classification
Instruction: Do you know any other languages besides english?can you name colors in ARABIC?
Response: yes , i could speak a little bit of ARABIC and a few other languages aswell here are the colors in ARABIC along with its english spelling aswell أبيض abyad.
أسود aswad.
أحمر ahmar.
أصفر asfar.
أخضر akhdar.
أزرق azraq.
بنى bunni.
برتقالى burtuqali. orange
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between whole genome sequencing (WGS) and whole exome sequencing (WES)?
Response: Whole genome sequencing or WGS, is a technic to sequence the entire genome of an organism. In contrast, in whole exome sequencing (WES) we only sequence the region of the genome that codes for proteins.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What does this text say about the first season of Billions?
Context: On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an overall approval rating of 88%, with a rating of 77% for season 1, 89% for season 2, 93% for season 3, 97% for season 4, and 86% for season 5. The site's critical consensus for the first season reads: "Despite a lack of likable characters, Billions' soapy melodrama and larger-than-life canvas offer plenty of repeat viewing potential." For season 2 it reads: "An influx of new characters and a fresh narrative twist give Billions an added boost during its thoroughly entertaining second season." The site's critical consensus for the third season states: "Anchored by the performances of Paul Giamatti and Damian Lewis, the third season of Billions continues a convincing fable of greed, power and competition." On Rotten Tomatoes, the fourth season reads, "With tables turned and alliances formed, Billions's fourth season goes full throttle with sharp dialogue, better rivalries, and bigger stakes." On Metacritic, the show has an overall score of 72. The first season has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on reviews from 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews", while the second season has a score of 67 out of 100, based on reviews from 6 critics, also indicating "generally favorable reviews". Praise for the series has steadily grown over time—also on Metacritic, its third season scored a 77 out of 100, while its fourth holds a score of 87 out 100 based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". The show's coverage of the hedge fund industry has been widely recognized as realistic.
Response: The show Billions received a Rotten Tomatoes approval rating of 77% for season 1. The site's critical consensus for the first season reads: "Despite a lack of likable characters, Billions' soapy melodrama and larger-than-life canvas offer plenty of repeat viewing potential". On Metacritic, the first season has a weighted average score of 69 out of 100, based on reviews from 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an Incorporation?
Response: This means forming a company. Some companies have limited liability. In other words, the
members of the company are not personally liable for debts which the company runs up, as long as the company is run properly.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Where is the Lighthouse Point, Bahamas
Context: Lighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in The Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera. In March 2019, The Walt Disney Company purchased the peninsula from the Bahamian government, giving the company control over the area.
Response: The Lighthouse Point, Bahamas, or simply Lighthouse Point, is a private peninsula in the Bahamas which serves as an exclusive port for the Disney Cruise Line ships. It is located in the south-eastern region of Bannerman Town, Eleuthera.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is PySpark?
Response: PySpark is an interface for Apache Spark in Python. It not only allows you to write Spark applications using Python APIs, but also provides the PySpark shell for interactively analyzing your data in a distributed environment. PySpark supports most of Spark’s features such as Spark SQL, DataFrame, Streaming, MLlib (Machine Learning) and Spark Core.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are cities in the PNW in the US: Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver, Surrey, Richmond.
Response: Seattle, Portland, Hillsboro, Eugene, Tacoma, Vancouver are cities in PNW. Vancouver is also in Canada but there's a Vancouver in WA as well.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Igba, Berimbau
Response: Berimbau is string, Igba is percussion.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: When was the last time the Raiders won the Super Bowl?
Response: The Raiders have won three Super Bowl championships (1977, 1981, and 1984), one American Football League (AFL) championship (1967), and four American Football Conference (AFC) titles. The most recent Super Bowl ring was won in 1984 against the Washington Redskins of the NFC.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which is the oldest dynasty still ruling?
Response: Japan
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is it like living in the Pacific Northwest?
Response: The Pacific Northwest is comprised of U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Canadian province of British Columbia - and sometimes Alaska is included. The Pacific Northwest, also referred to as PNW, it a diverse area with mountains, the pacific ocean, lakes, islands, volcanoes, deserts and rainforests. It is one of the most diverse climates in the United States. People who live here love the outdoors and the beauty.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Stiftung Lesen ?
Context: Stiftung Lesen (Reading Foundation) is a non-profit organization based in Mainz, Germany under the patronage of Joachim Gauck. Stiftung Lesen acts as a stakeholder for reading promotion on a national and international level. It contributes to reading promotion and reading education through programmes, scientific research, and political recommendations. To create a basis for the development of reading skills, and to enhance the overall level of literacy, Stiftung Lesen established adequate and accessible programmes for every member of society – regardless of financial, cultural or social background. In 2006 Stiftung Lesen established its own Institute for Research on Reading and Media in order to align its projects with the latest scientific findings. The institute is tasked with conducting scientific research on the use of media, reading and reading socialisation, the supervision and evaluation of the foundation’s projects and the organisation of conferences on topics concerning literacy and media research (including reading in the digital age), publishing some of its reports for the German government.
Response: Stiftung Lesen or Reading Foundation is a non-profit organization based in Germany that acts as a stakeholder for reading promotion on a national and international level
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a vegetarian diet?
Response: A vegetarian diet is one in which someone eats no meat, but will consume other animal products such as eggs or dairy
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What are your views on the "First Principles" by "Thomas E. Ricks"
Response: 1. The author has very nicely articulated how our founders fought for independence and founded US constitution. It also looks into how they were influenced by Greek and Roman history in shaping the future US.
Definitely worthwhile and well beyond a refresher, filled with interesting bits, especially early on about Washington's role in the French and Indian war, also the role of the Scottish educators in the early American colleges.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Will you say sorry to your kids?
Response: When I was a child, my mom never apologized to me, making it seem like she could never make a mistake. I didn't like the dynamic of our relationship then; and even now, as an adult, I feel like I should be able to talk to her as equals. Unfortunately, she still believes that she can never be wrong simply because she's my mom. That's why I've made a conscious decision to be a different kind of parent - one who is willing to apologize when they make a mistake. I believe that it's important to treat our children with fairness and respect, and that includes acknowledging when we are in the wrong and taking responsibility for our actions.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which instrument is string or percussion: Dhimay, Swarabat
Response: Swarabat is string, Dhimay is percussion.
Category: summarization
Instruction: What's a gaya melon? How does it taste like?
Context: Gaya melon, also known as snowball melon, ghost melon, dinosaur melon, dinosaur egg melon, dino melon, and dino egg melon, is a small to medium-sized honeydew melon developed originally in Japan and Korea and now grown in China, Mexico, southern California, and South America.
The rind is very thin and is ivory in color with green streaking and the interior flesh is white. They are round in shape and may be slightly oblong. The flesh is juicy and soft towards the center but crisper towards the rind. It has been described to have a mild, sweet flavor with floral notes. It is best kept at room temperature and cut melons will stay good in a refrigerator for up to 5 days.
Response: Gaya melon is a type of honeydew melon originally developed in Japan and Korea. They are very juicy and soft towards the center but crisper towards the grind. It has been described to have a mild, sweet flavor with floral notes.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about a singer, tell me when they debuted, what their first release was, and what their most popular song is.
Context: Lee Ji-eun (Korean: 이지은; born May 16, 1993), also known by her stage name IU (Korean: 아이유), is a South Korean singer-songwriter, record producer, and actress. She signed with LOEN Entertainment (now Kakao Entertainment) in 2007 as a trainee and debuted as a singer at the age of fifteen with her first extended play (EP) Lost and Found (2008). Although her follow-up albums, Growing Up and IU...IM, brought mainstream success, it was only after the release of "Good Day" (Korean: 좋은 날), the lead single from her 2010 album Real, that she achieved national stardom. "Good Day" went on to spend five consecutive weeks at the top of South Korea's Gaon Digital Chart, and in 2019, it was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.

Lost and Found is the debut extended play (EP) by South Korean singer-songwriter IU. It was released by LOEN Entertainment on September 23, 2008. IU collaborated with lyricist and producer Choi Gap-won, who had previously produced songs including "Amnesia" by Gummy, "Incurable Disease" by Wheesung, and "Toc Toc Toc" by Lee Hyori. Lee Jong-hoon of Soul-Shop and the singer Mario additionally worked on the title song, "Lost Child".
Response: The singer Lee Ji-eun, or better known as IU, debuted on September 23, 2008 with her first extended play "Lost and Found". Her most popular song is "Good Day" from her 2010 album "Real" which was ranked number one on Billboard's "100 Greatest K-Pop Songs of the 2010s" list.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is a web browser?
Response: A web browser is an application graphical user interface window that allows you to interact with content from the internet.  It is used for accessing websites and there are many web browsers available today like mozilla firefox, google chrome, microsoft edge, and safari.  When a webpage is requested by the web browser files and data are retrieved from the web server and  then rendered as a webpage through the web browser.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which is a species of fish? Snapper or Tapper
Response: Snapper
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: which weighs more, a pound of bricks or a pound of feathers?
Response: Both things weigh the same amount, one pound.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What are some movies starring Chevy Chase
Response: Fletch, Caddyshack, Three Amigos, National Lampoon's Vacation, Funny Farm, Spies Like Us, Foul Play, European Vacation
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What programming languages does freeCodeCamp teach to students?
Context: freeCodeCamp (also referred to as Free Code Camp) is a non-profit organization that consists of an interactive learning web platform, an online community forum, chat rooms, online publications and local organizations that intend to make learning web development accessible to anyone. Beginning with tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript, students progress to project assignments that they complete either alone or in pairs. Upon completion of all project tasks, students are partnered with other nonprofits to build web applications, giving the students practical development experience.
Response: freeCodeCamp is a non-profit organization that has tutorials that introduce students to HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What causes global warming?
Response: Global warming is caused by the release of greenhouses gases into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun and lead to an overall increase in temperature on the planet. Greenhouse gases are mostly produced by burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas. Deforestation is also a contributing factor to global warming since trees capture carbon from the atmosphere when growing, so cutting them down or burning them both releases carbon they’ve been storing, as well as removes their ability to clean the air.
Category: classification
Instruction: Determine if the following states are East or West of the Mississippi River: Michigan, Georgia, Virginia, Oregon, Colorado, New Jersey, Nebraska, Texas.
Response: Michigan, Georgia, Virginia, and New Jersey are East of the Mississippi River. Texas, Nebraska, Oregon, and Colorado are West of the Mississippi.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the holographic principle?
Response: The holographic principle is an axiom in string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region — such as a light-like boundary like a gravitational horizon.

The holographic principle states that the entropy of ordinary mass (not just black holes) is also proportional to surface area and not volume; that volume itself is illusory and the universe is really a hologram which is isomorphic to the information "inscribed" on the surface of its boundary.

First proposed by Gerard 't Hooft, it was given a precise string-theory interpretation by Leonard Susskind, who combined his ideas with previous ones of 't Hooft and Charles Thorn. Leonard Susskind said, “The three-dimensional world of ordinary experience––the universe filled with galaxies, stars, planets, houses, boulders, and people––is a hologram, an image of reality coded on a distant two-dimensional surface." As pointed out by Raphael Bousso, Thorn observed in 1978 that string theory admits a lower-dimensional description in which gravity emerges from it in what would now be called a holographic way. The prime example of holography is the AdS/CFT correspondence.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Can you tell me about the Chicago Bears?
Response: Of course! The Chicago Bears are a team in the National Football League (NFL). The team is currently led by head coach Matt Eberflus and general manager Ryan Poles. They last won the Super Bowl, the NFL's championship trophy, in 1985. They have one of the most well-known rivalries in sports against their divisional opponents, the Green Bay Packers.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why is pricing important in the overall strategy of a product?
Response: When different profit levers like price, variable cost, fixed cost, volume of goods sold are compared, studies show that a 1% improvement in price can create the maximum operating profit improvement of 11.5% compared to only 2.3% through fixed costs. This goes to show that pricing can have a monumental impact on the bottom line. 

This can be achieved by understanding different pricing strategies and how they can be executed through pricing tactics. The different pricing strategy includes using - 1. Cost-side factors (like fixed, variable costs, incremental break-even analysis); 2. Customer-side factors (like Economic Value Analysis (EVA); Price Elasticity of Demand; Measuring willingness to pay) 3. Competitive environment factors. 

Based on the business context, these strategies can be implemented with tacts like price discrimination (e.g., bundling); non-linear pricing; price promotions (e.g., hi-lo pricing); and most of all understanding consumer psychology with respect to pricing (anchoring effect, decoy pricing, compromise effect, charm pricing, etc).
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Where did the random walk hypothesis come from?
Context: The random walk hypothesis is a financial theory stating that stock market prices evolve according to a random walk (so price changes are random) and thus cannot be predicted.
The concept can be traced to French broker Jules Regnault who published a book in 1863, and then to French mathematician Louis Bachelier whose Ph.D. dissertation titled "The Theory of Speculation" (1900) included some remarkable insights and commentary. The same ideas were later developed by MIT Sloan School of Management professor Paul Cootner in his 1964 book The Random Character of Stock Market Prices. The term was popularized by the 1973 book A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel, a professor of economics at Princeton University, and was used earlier in Eugene Fama's 1965 article "Random Walks In Stock Market Prices", which was a less technical version of his Ph.D. thesis. The theory that stock prices move randomly was earlier proposed by Maurice Kendall in his 1953 paper, The Analysis of Economic Time Series, Part 1: Prices.
Response: It is said that the random walk hypothesis originated back in the mid 1800s from a French financier named Jules Regnault.  The random walk hypothesis notes that stock price movements are fully random and cannot be easily forecast.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: What is the 2nd amendment of the US constitution? Is it misunderstood?
Response: The 2nd amendment of the US constitution relates to the right to bear arms.  The exact text, from the web, is "A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed."  This is a contentious law given that guns are a tool of violence.  And this amendment is touted by citizens of the US that want to buy and keep guns.  For me, the interesting part, often overlooked, is the preamble that a well regulated militia is necessary for the security of a free State.  This may have been relevant to all people in the 18th century.  Today, we already have that "militia".  All law officers and soldiers make up that militia.  The armed forces are well regulated and are tasked with protecting the nation.  We, the US, have the best military in the world.  So it is not necessary for any Tom, Dick, or Harry, without training or national perspective, to take up arms.  Especially when the process itself is getting more unregulated.  Gun control is necessary and not precluded by the 2nd amendment.  Safety of all citizens is indeed mandated by the constitution.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a data pipeline?
Response: A data pipeline is a means of moving data from the data source to a destination. Along the way, data is transformed and enriched, arriving in a cleaner, more organized state. As a result, organizations are able to use that data to achieve their intended outcomes.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What makes the game Overwatch appealing?
Response: People enjoy the game of Overwatch for several reasons. First, it is a first-person shooter (FPS) which allows you to select from a wide range of available characters or heroes. Each of these heroes provides their own set of unique abilities meaning you can always pick a new hero and play the game in a different way. Second, it is a team-based game, so every match you play will be different. There are many different strategies you can implement and they depend on the heroes that you and your team along with whatever composition the opponents have selected. Third and finally, the creators of Overwatch, Blizzard, released a new version of the game: Overwatch 2. This has introduced new heroes, maps, and a new competition mode which has made the game fun for existing and new players.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many Grammy Awards has Bad Bunny won?
Response: Bad Bunny has won 2 Grammy Awards and has been nominated for 6
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What did Gary C. Butler do?
Context: Gary C. Butler was the CEO and president of Automatic Data Processing. He held this position from August 2006 through November 2011, and had been with the company for 37 years. From 1990 to 1995, he served as Group President for ADP's Dealer Services Group; and from 1995 to 1998 he served in the same capacity for ADP's Employer Services Group. Prior to assuming his role as CEO in 2006, Butler was President and Chief Operating Officer of the company.
Response: Gary C. Butler was the CEO and president of Automatic Data Processing.
Category: classification
Instruction: Tell whether these are countries, cities, continents or neither: Australia, Mexico, Mexico city, Antartica, Singapore, India, Gulf, Beijing, Jakarta, Luxembourg, Vatican City
Response: Australia is a country as well as a continent.
Mexico is a country.
Mexico City is a city.
Antarctica is a continent.
Singapore is a country as well as a city.
India is a country.
Gulf is neither.
Beijing is a city.
Jakarta is a city.
Luxembourg is a country as well as a city.
Vatican City is a country as well as a city.
Category: classification
Instruction: When running a marathon and attempting to run a personal best time, categorize the following as either ‘useful’ or ‘not useful’, ‘dangerous’ or ‘neither. Fast digesting carbohydrates, a fire extinguisher, a weight vest, scissors, running shoes
Response: Fast-digesting carbohydrates are useful to make sure your body has fuel through all 26.2 miles. A fire extinguisher is neither useful nor not useful. A weight vest is not useful if you’re attempting to run your personal best. The extra weight will slow you down. Scissors are dangerous, you should never run with scissors. Running shoes are very useful to protect your feet and enhance your biomechanics and the efficiency of your stride to run your best time.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: How many rings on the Olympic flag
Response: Five
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: is daylight saving necessary at all?
Response: Absolutely no! Daylight Savings originated around WWI in an effort to conserve fuel and electricity. US enacted the act to preserve Daylight saving time in 1918 and established standard time zone across the States. However, with modern power grids and diverse night life, Daylight Savings is seemingly not relevant today. A lot of people complain about the inconvenience in turning the clock back and forth twice a year. The rate of being late for schedules or air flights on the day of daylight saving starts or ends every year is much higher than any other day in a year. In fact, even in the US, Arizona and Hawaii do not recognize daylight saving time. So do a lot of other countries like China and Japan. For European countries, the daylight saving switch date differs from one to another. All the chaos of daylight saving cause more trouble in schedule across-region appointments and meetings than any benefits of it if we can think of any.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is Pythagorean or Pythagoras' Theorem
Response: Pythoagorean theorem is an euclidian theorem attributed to a Greek philosopher from around 570 BC named Pythagoras. 
The Pythagorean theorem states that for a right angled triangle, the sum of the squares of the two adjacent sides is equal to the square of the hypotenuse (the side opposite to the right angeled triangle).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why do kids have to take tests in school?
Response: Children and adolescents take tests in school because it is a good way to measure their current knowledge.  These students study certain topics and testing is a way to measure how much knowledge is retained.  Tests are also ways to motivate students to try harder because tests are typically graded with a letter grade.  A is associated with a perfect score, F is considered failing, and a C is considered average.  These grades can act as motivators for students and create a friendly competition in schools and other  external study programs to see who can do the best.
Category: classification
Instruction: Can you tell me the root of these language? Hebrew. English, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, Arabic, Farsi,  Italian
Response: Yes sure!
Hebrew root is Northwest Semitic language
English is of Germanic origins
Spanish is of Latin origins
Portuguese is of Latin origins 
Romanian is of Latin origins 
Arabic is a Semitic language
Farsi  is of west Iranian origins
Italian is of Latin origins
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest ever soccer player?
Response: Cristiano Ronaldo
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why are sports so popular?
Response: Sports are popular throughout the world. With the wide variety of options available, people can participate in or watch team or individual sports, high-impact, fast-paced, slow-paced, low impact. There is truly something for everyone. Sports can unite a community, town, or nation. Sports can teach life lessons like humility, friendly competition, and how to communicate with others and make quick decisions. Sports can keep kids out of trouble and give them a sense of belonging and a sense of family when they might not otherwise have that. Sports promote healthy, active lifestyles, hard work, and goal setting. Sports can overcome barriers of language, culture, and economics, bringing people together from all walks of life.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Highlight relevant facts related to Heidelberg
Context: Heidelberg (German: [ˈhaɪdl̩bɛʁk] (listen); Palatine German: Heidlberg) is a city in the German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the river Neckar in south-west Germany. As of the 2016 census, its population was 159,914, of which roughly a quarter consisted of students.

Located about 78 km (48 mi) south of Frankfurt, Heidelberg is the fifth-largest city in Baden-Württemberg. Heidelberg is part of the densely populated Rhine-Neckar Metropolitan Region.

Heidelberg University, founded in 1386, is Germany's oldest and one of Europe's most reputable universities. Heidelberg is a scientific hub in Germany and home to several internationally renowned research facilities adjacent to its university, including the European Molecular Biology Laboratory and four Max Planck Institutes. The city has also been a hub for the arts, especially literature, throughout the centuries, and it was designated a "City of Literature" by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.

Heidelberg was a seat of government of the former Electorate of the Palatinate and is a popular tourist destination due to its romantic cityscape, including Heidelberg Castle, the Philosophers' Walk, and the Baroque old town.
Response: Heidelberg has the oldest University in Germany. The city is a scientific hub and home to several internationally renowned research facilities. It was designated a "City of Literature" by the UNESCO Creative Cities Network.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is MapReduce?
Response: MapReduce is a programming model and an associated implementation for processing and generating big data sets with a parallel, distributed algorithm on a cluster. A MapReduce program is composed of a map procedure, which performs filtering and sorting, and a reduce method, which performs a summary operation.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a random bulleted list of ten landlocked countries
Response: - Uzbekistan 
- Liechtenstein
- Bhutan
- Botswana
- Laos
- Mongolia
- Switzerland
- Uganda
- Zambia
- Vatican City
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What happens if we forcefully immerse a empty bottle inside the water?
Response: The bottle will bounce back to the top of the water because the upward force exerted by the water, called the buoyant force, on the bottle makes it bounce back.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: In the paragraph below, what are the major sources of methane emissions?
Context: Greenhouse gas emissions from human activities strengthen the greenhouse effect, contributing to climate change. Most is carbon dioxide from burning fossil fuels: coal, oil, and natural gas. The largest emitters include coal in China and large oil and gas companies. Human-caused emissions have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 50% over pre-industrial levels. The growing levels of emissions have varied, but have been consistent among all greenhouse gases (GHGs). Emissions in the 2010s averaged 56 billion tons a year, higher than any decade before.

Electricity generation, heat and transport are major emitters; overall energy is responsible for around 73% of emissions. Deforestation and other changes in land use also emit carbon dioxide and methane. The largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions is agriculture, closely followed by gas venting and fugitive emissions from the fossil-fuel industry. The largest agricultural methane source is livestock. Agricultural soils emit nitrous oxide partly due to fertilizers. Similarly, fluorinated gases from refrigerants play an outsized role in total human emissions.
Response: The largest source of methane emissions is agriculture. Gas venting and emissions from the fossil-fuel industry are the next major sources.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify the below devices based on the brand which manufactures them.
iPhone, iPad, MacBook, Pixel watch, Galaxy phone
Response: iPhone, iPad, MacBook - Apple
Pixel watch - Google
Galaxy phone - Samsung
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Order the following list descending 8, 5,2,4,8,9
Response: This is the correct order 9,8,8,5,4,2
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Please write a thank you message for a jeans day pass donated by a parent to a teacher
Response: Thank you for the jeans day pass-it's like a vacation from my daily wardrobe and enhances my comfort and enjoyment when teaching your child. I'm excited to see the looks on my students' faces when I rock my new jeans!
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why did the Soviet Union collapse?
Response: There are a multitude of reasons for the collapse of the Soviet Union.  But historians have generally narrowed it down to the following major causes:

Rise of ethnic nationalism in Soviet Republics:  After decades of suppressing national identities, ethnic groups began asserting their nationality and demanded greater autonomy and political power.  This resulted in numerous riots and protests throughout the Soviet Union with demands for independence and national self-determination. 

Economic stagnation and fall of oil prices:  The centrally planned economic model resulted in massive shortages of staple consumer products.  Shops were continually empty and Soviet citizens needed to wait in long lines to purchase basic goods.  After years of economic deprivation, Soviet citizens were deeply angry at their government. In addition, oil prices declined significantly in the late 1980s, which provided the Soviet government a key source of hard currency.  This it made it difficult for the Soviet government to sustain high levels of military spending and keep the economy functioning. 

Perestroika and Glasnost: Gorbachev's reforms of the 1980s were intended to reinvigorate the Soviet economy.  However, they unintentionally triggered an opening of debate throughout the country.  The increased freedoms allowed people to more openly criticize the government and demand changes.  

Afghanistan and Chernobyl: In the late 1980s, two events symbolized the incompetence of the Soviet government.  The failure of the Afghanistan war resulted in a loss of confidence in the Soviet military. The Chernobyl disaster revealed the incompetence and duplicity of the Soviet regime, resulting in a further erosion of trust.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is pisco?
Response: Pisco is a spirit made of grapes in wine making regions of Perú or Chile. The brandy‘s country of origin is highly debated. Peruvian pisco is clearer in color than the more amber Chilean pisco.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In the series A Song of Ice and Fire, who is the founder of House Teague?
Response: Torrence Teague
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Give me an example of numbers in these categories:  Natural Numbers, Prime Number, Composite Number, Whole Numbers, Integers, Rational Numbers, Irrational Numbers, Real Numbers, Complex Number.
Response: These are a few examples for each type of number:

Natural Numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4
Prime Number: 2, 3, 5, 7
Composite Number: 4, 6, 8, 9
Whole Numbers: 0, 1, 2, 3
Integers: -1, 0, 1, 2
Rational Numbers: −1/3, 0.99999…, 7/2, 13/9
Irrational Numbers: √5, √11, √21, π
Real Numbers: -2, 0, 1/2, √3
Complex Number: 0.39 + 1.9 i, √5 + √9i, −5 + πi, 2 + i
Category: classification
Instruction: I want to take a skiing vacation.  Which of the following countries would be suitable for doing this: Switzerland, Cyprus, Kiribati, the United States, Haiti.
Response: Switzerland and the United States are suitable as skiing destinations.  Both countries have mountainous areas with world-renowned ski resorts.  The United States boasts skiing locations in multiple states, including Colorado, California, and Utah.  Switzerland also has some of the most popular ski locations in the world such as Davos.  Cyprus, Kiribati, and Haiti are not suitable skiing destinations, as none of these countries has high mountains that produce enough snow to ski.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the unincorporated communities in the below text that begin with starting with the letter R, W and G and put them in a pipe separated list
Context: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 82.92 square miles (214.77 km2), including 70.24 square miles (181.92 km2) of land and 12.69 square miles (32.86 km2) of water (15.30%).

Burleigh (with a 2010 Census population of 725), Cape May Court House (5,338), Rio Grande (2,670) and Whitesboro (2,205) are unincorporated communities and census-designated places (CDPs) located within Middle Township; Whitesboro and Burleigh had previously been combined for statistical purposes by the Census Bureau as Whitesboro-Burleigh through the 2000 Census. Other unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the township include Del Haven, Dias Creek, Goshen, Goshen Landing, Green Creek, Holly Beach, Mayville, Norburys Landing, Nummytown, Pierces, Pierces Point, Reeds Beach, Shellbed Landing, Swain Point, Swainton, Wildwood Gardens and Wildwood Junction.
Response: Reeds Beach | Wildwood Gardens | Wildwood Junction | Goshen | Goshen Landing | Green Creek
Category: open_qa
Instruction: List five titles by J.K. Rowling.
Response: Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, The Ickabog, Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them, The Cuckoo's Calling, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Why Bangalore climate is pleasant
Context: Bangalore is situated in the southeast of the South Indian state of Karnataka. It is positioned at 12.97° N 77.56° E and covers an area of 2,190 square kilometres (850 sq mi). A landlocked city, Bangalore is located in the heart of the Mysore Plateau (a region of the larger Deccan Plateau) at an average elevation of 920 metres (3,020 ft). Bangalore district borders with Kolar and Chikkaballapur in the northeast, Tumkur in the northwest, and Mandya and Ramanagaram in the southeast.
Response: Bangalore city is positioned at a 920 mt high altitude from the sea level. Bangalore is nearest to both Arabian Sea & Bay of Bengal. Hence it receives plenty of rainfall & makes the place cooler as compared to rest of the cities in India. Along with this the city is full of big & old trees which adds up to the environment and makes more cooler with greenery.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: how do you rate strength of tornado
Response: There are several scales for rating the strength of tornadoes. The Fujita scale rates tornadoes by damage caused and has been replaced in some countries by the updated Enhanced Fujita Scale. An F0 or EF0 tornado, the weakest category, damages trees, but not substantial structures. An F5 or EF5 tornado, the strongest category, rips buildings off their foundations and can deform large skyscrapers. 
The similar TORRO scale ranges from T0 for extremely weak tornadoes to T11 for the most powerful known tornadoes.
Doppler radar data, photogrammetry, and ground swirl patterns (trochoidal marks) may also be analyzed to determine intensity and assign a rating.
source : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tornado
Category: summarization
Instruction: Can you give me some background on Perez v. Campbell
Context: Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S. 637 (1971), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Arizona's law suspending a driver's license was unconstitutional due to its conflict with the federal Bankruptcy Act under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution.

Background
The plaintiffs, Mr. Adolfo and Mrs. Emma Perez, were licensed uninsured motorists in the state of Arizona. Insurance was not required under Arizona law. Mr. Perez was involved in a traffic accident and, unable to pay the associated costs, soon filed for bankruptcy. Arizona, under its financial responsibility laws, withdrew the Perez' licenses, and the couple filed suit in district court, where their claim was denied. The Perez family's appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was denied, and they subsequently appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted certiorari.
Response: Perez v. Campbell, 402 U.S. 637 (1971), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that Arizona's law suspending a driver's license was unconstitutional due to its conflict with the federal Bankruptcy Act under the Supremacy Clause of the Constitution.

The plaintiffs, Mr. Adolfo and Mrs. Emma Perez, were licensed uninsured motorists in the state of Arizona. Insurance was not required under Arizona law. Mr. Perez was involved in a traffic accident and, unable to pay the associated costs, soon filed for bankruptcy. Arizona, under its financial responsibility laws, withdrew the Perez' licenses, and the couple filed suit in district court, where their claim was denied. The Perez family's appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit was denied, and they subsequently appealed to the United States Supreme Court, which granted certiorari.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Which Bond girl guest starred on the TV show Game of Thrones?
Response: Diana Rigg, who played Teresa di Vicenzo in the James Bond movie "On Her Majesty's Secret Service," played Olenna Tyrell in Game of Thrones.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What are the first and third eras of aircraft history mentioned in the text below and when did they end? Use a bullet list and the format {Name} ({Year}).
Context: Flying model craft and stories of manned flight go back many centuries; however, the first manned ascent — and safe descent — in modern times took place by larger hot-air balloons developed in the 18th century. Each of the two World Wars led to great technical advances. Consequently, the history of aircraft can be divided into five eras:

- Pioneers of flight, from the earliest experiments to 1914.
- First World War, 1914 to 1918.
- Aviation between the World Wars, 1918 to 1939.
- Second World War, 1939 to 1945.
- Postwar era, also called the Jet Age, 1945 to the present day.
Response: - Pioneers of flight (1914)
- Aviation between the World Wars (1939)
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How do you push start a car with a manual transmission?
Response: 1. Get the car to the top of a stretch of clear downhill road, or get people who will push you there.

2. Fully depress the clutch and put the car in second gear (first gear if you’ll be rolling slowly; choose the gear that you would normally use at that speed, and faster is better).

3. Turn the ignition to on.

4. Leaving the clutch fully depressed, take your foot off the brake and start rolling down the hill (or get people to start pushing you).

5. Coast down the hill until you reach 5+ miles per hour (faster is better).

6. Release the clutch quickly while giving some gas; the engine should turn and start. You may need to feather the clutch/gas to keep the engine running at first.

7. If it doesn’t start the first time, depress the clutch and release it again.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the supreme law of the land?
Response: the Constitution
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Who is Enrique Jorrín?
Context: The creation of cha-cha-chá has been traditionally attributed to Cuban composer and violinist Enrique Jorrín, who began his career playing for the charanga band Orquesta América. According to the testimony of Enrique Jorrín, he composed some danzones in which musicians of the orchestra had to sing short refrains, and this style was very successful. In the danzón "Constancia", he introduced some montunos and the audience was motivated to join in singing the refrains. Jorrín also asked the members of the orchestra to sing in unison so the lyrics might be heard more clearly and achieve a greater impact in the audience. That way of singing also helped to mask the poor singing skills of the orchestra members.
Response: Enrique Jorrín is a Cuban composer and violinist known for creating cha-cha-chá.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: Extract the difference between Gross Disposable income from Disposable Income
Context: The list below represents a national accounts derived indicator for a country or territory's gross household disposable income per capita (including social transfers in kind). According to the OECD, 'household disposable income is income available to households such as wages and salaries, income from self-employment and unincorporated enterprises, income from pensions and other social benefits, and income from financial investments (less any payments of tax, social insurance contributions and interest on financial liabilities). 'Gross’ means that depreciation costs are not subtracted.' This indicator also takes account of social transfers in kind 'such as health or education provided for free or at reduced prices by governments and not-for-profit organisations.' The data shown below is published by the OECD and is presented in purchasing power parity (PPP) in order to adjust for price differences between countries.
Response: There is a unique difference between Gross Disposable Income and Household disposable income.  The first being that "gross" indicates the total about amount of income derived from all sources such as wages, investments, self-employment, pensions and social benefits before extracting depreciation costs.  Household disposable income includes all sources of income less social benefits, taxes, insurance, and liabilities such as rent, electricity and other ongoing financial commitments.  What is remaining is defined as household disposable income which is then indexed globally using PPP (purchasing power parity) in order to adjust for price differences in different countries.
Category: classification
Instruction: Divide these sneakers into Air Jordan and Air Max: Tokyo 96, Big Bubble Red, Collector's Dream, Monarch, Chicago, Lucky Green
Response: Air Jordan: Tokyo 96, Chicago, Lucky Green
Air Max: Big Bubble Red, Collector's Dream, Monarch
Category: classification
Instruction: Choose the odd one out: Roger Federer, Roger Moore, Roger Binny
Response: Roger Moore as he is an actor, whereas the other two people are former sportsmen