fedml/databricks-dolly-15k-niid huggingface dataset:
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why does the US Federal Reserve raise interest rates?
Response: One of the primary roles of the US Federal Reserve is to control the supply of money within the economy.  During times when the economy is doing incredibly well, a.k.a. running hot or facing inflation (rise of prices of goods and services), the Federal Reserve will need to reduce the supply of money by increasing the cost of borrowing.  

The primary lever to increase the cost of borrowing is by increasing the Federal Funds rate (the rate for banks to borrow and lend their excess reserves to meet liquidity requirements). Increasing the Federal Funds rate results in more expensive borrowing costs, which can reduce demand among banks to borrow money.  Less money is borrowed to help fund the economy resulting in a reduction in purchasing power and the money supply.  This will slow down the pace of economic growth and help ease inflation.
Category: classification
Instruction: Is a tomato a fruit or a vegetable?
Response: Tomatoes are fruits because they form from a flower and contain seeds.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is working out good for you?
Response: Working out provides many benefits. Studies have shown that working out is good for you long term health. It helps build muscle strength, which is shown to decrease in volume as you age. It also has benefits for your cardiovascular system. Working out also provides mental benefits, such as reduced anxiety and stress.
Category: classification
Instruction: Classify each of the following animals based on whether they are suitable for being pets: elephant, fish, lion, dog, cat, mosquito, whale.
Response: Suitable as a pet: fish, dog, cat
Not suitable as a pet: elephant, lion, mosquito, whale
Category: summarization
Instruction: How many people attended the Summer Breeze Open Air?
Context: Summer Breeze Open Air is an annual German heavy metal music festival. It was first held in 1997. The festival had been held in Abtsgmünd until 2006 when it was moved to its new location of Dinkelsbühl, Bavaria. The festival draws around 40,000 attendees annually.
Response: The German heavy metal music festival Summer Breeze Open Air drew 40,000 attendees annually.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Can you summarize for me in no more than three paragraphs the book, "The Little Engine That Could", by Watty Piper?
Context: The Little Engine That Could is an American folktale (existing in the form of several illustrated children's books and films) that became widely known in the United States after publication in 1930 by Platt & Munk. The story is used to teach children the value of optimism and hard work. Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association listed the book as one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children"
Response: The Little Engine That Could is a children's book written in 1930 by Watty Piper.  The main purpose of the book is to help bring out in children a positive, "can-do attitude."  The key phrase in the book is, "I think I can." 

The main character is the "Little Engine".  The Little Engine is an undersized locomotive that is called upon to pull rail cars full of good things for the boys and girls that live on the other side of the mountain.  Several other locomotives, appearing newer, stronger or more mature than the Little Engine all make excuses for why they will not help take the train cars over the mountain.

The Little Engine gladly takes on the task when called upon.  When starting to pull the heavy rail cars, The Little Engine strains with all its might and begins to say, "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can."  When climbing the mountain, it doesn't look like the Little Engine has the power to get over the peak.  The Little Engine puffs, "I think I can, I think I can, I think I can."  Finally The Little Engine reaches the top, comes over the crest and on the way down says, "I though I could, I thought I could, I thought I could."
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How would you describe the differences between Indian and Western music, especially as it relates to the sense of pitch?
Response: Indian and Western music differ considerably in terms of pitch because Western music adheres to the concept of absolute pitch, while Indian music predominantly focuses on relative pitch. Absolute pitch means that a note is represented as an absolute frequency, so if someone says "A2", that pitch can be mapped back to an exact frequency, and therefore can be reconciled among many different styles of music and instrumentation. 

In contrast, much of Indian music (both classical and non-classical) uses the concept of relative pitch, which means that the musician sets a tonic note (their base note) and that pitch is the starting point for all other notes. For example, if one musician were to say that a specific pitch were "sa" (one of the 7 notes in the Indian music scale), another musician would not be able to reproduce that note, since they wouldn't know where the first musician set their tonic. However, this has other advantages,  because a tune is defined in terms of relative pitch and can be reproduced easily among different musicians and instruments without the worry of an absolute frequency which cannot be reached by a specific musical range.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Explain in few words how traditional exploratory data analysis (in statistics) is different from machine learning?
Response: An important general difference in the focus and purpose between machine learning and the traditional Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) is that machine learning is more oriented towards applications than explaining the basic nature of the underlying phenomena. Machine Learning is relatively less concerned with identifying the specific relations between the involved variables. For example, uncovering the nature of the underlying functions or the specific types of interactive, multivariate dependencies between variables are not the main goal of machine learning. Instead, the focus is on producing a solution that can generate useful predictions. Machine Learning accepts among others a "black box" type approach to data exploration or knowledge discovery and uses not only the traditional Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) techniques, but also such techniques as Neural Networks which can generate valid predictions but are not capable of identifying the specific nature of the interrelations between the variables on which the predictions are based.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is a subprocessor for purposes of data privacy laws?
Response: Under a variety of data privacy laws (including the EU GDPR, the UK GDPR, and the Swiss equivalent), companies that are given personal data directly by consumers are typically known as "controllers" of personal data. When a controller engages a third party (such as a SaaS service) to help the controller provide its services, that third party is a "processor" it processes personal data at the controller's instruction. If a processor then similarly engages third parties to assist it in providing its services to the controller, then each of those third parties is a "subprocessor." Not every third party that is involved in assisting the controller in providing its services is a "processor" or "subprocessor." Processors and subprocessors are typically only defined with respect to personal data being processed.
Category: classification
Instruction: What kind of merchant ships would be useful in a modern naval conflict?
Response: Two broad categories of merchant ships would likely be most useful in a modern naval conflict: large roll-on/roll-off ships with double hulls and small, fast ferries. If an adversary can find a ship on the open ocean and target it with a modern anti-ship missile, this opponent can certainly destroy the complex machinery needed to operate a container port or an oil terminal. Consequently, any cargo you want to unload in a war zone is going to need to drive off a ship on the back of a truck....quickly. An oil tanker will be useless, but a RO/RO ship loaded with tanker trucks can unload lots of fuel under austere/wartime conditions. Similarly, a container ship will be of little use without the large, land-based cranes used at most container shipping ports. A ferry loaded with trucks hauling shipping containers can quickly load and unload without the need for specialized equipment. Data from the Iran-Iraq war suggest that a large, 50,000+ ton RO/RO with a double hull is likely big enough to survive a hit from a modern anti-ship missile. A fast ferry that can move at ~40 knots is probably going to be too small to detect from space or shore using backscatter radar. Conversely, a 100,000-ton PanMax oil tanker or a 5,000 TEU container ship will be easy to detect, and slow enough to target.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Please summarize Sinclair's argument in this paragraph for why longer lifespans will not lead to overpopulation.
Context: A review for Boston Magazine called Sinclair “one of science’s most controversial figures” and said many in the scientific community were skeptical of claims he made about human longevity. University of Alabama biology professor Steven N. Austad said, “David is a good friend, but I do think he’s been guilty of making excessive claims.” Writing in Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Charles Brenner summarized that Lifespan has "become an influential source of misinformation on longevity, featuring counterfactual claims about longevity genes being conserved between yeast and humans, the existence of supposed activators of these genes, and claimed successful age reversal in mice based on partial reprogramming." In a 2019 interview, Sinclair dismissed the idea that longer lifespans could lead to overpopulation. "Population growth will level off within the next couple of decades, and healthier people are having fewer children," Sinclair said. "The global population is already stabilizing, and in many advanced countries going down, so people’s fear that the world will be overpopulated with frail old people is completely wrong."
Response: Based on this paragraph, Sinclair is not concerned with the risk of overpopulation even if lifespans become longer. His rationale is the healthier people are having fewer children and so the population is going down in many advanced countries.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is Christopher Hope
Response: Christopher Hope, FRSL (born 26 February 1944) is a South African novelist and poet who is known for his controversial works dealing with racism and politics in South Africa. His son is violinist Daniel Hope.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise?
Response: The difference between aerobic and anaerobic exercise is whether or not the body breaks down glucose with or without oxygen.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: The highest civilian honour of Ladakh dPalr Ngam Duston was given to
Response: Dalai Lama
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What are a couple of good ideas to celebrate a spring birthday for an adult?
Response: There are many ways to celebrate a birthday for an adult in the spring. One could host a BBQ, either at home or at a park with BBQ pits. Another idea would be to have a picnic in a local park. If weather doesn't permit an outside activity, meeting with friends for brunch or dinner is another nice way to celebrate a birthday. For an activity that doesn't involve other people, treating oneself to a massage or spa treatment is another way to celebrate a birthday.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text that describes LVMH, what brands are part of LVMH?
Context: Wines and spirits
Ao Yun
Ardbeg
Belvedere
Bodega Numanthia
Cape Mentelle
Chandon
Château d'Esclans
Château Cheval Blanc
Château d'Yquem
Cheval des Andes
Clos des Lambrays
Cloudy Bay
Colgin Cellars
Dom Pérignon
Glenmorangie
Hennessy
Krug
Mercier
Moët & Chandon
Newton Vineyard
Ruinart
Terrazas de los Andes
Veuve Clicquot
Volcan de mi Tierra
Woodinville

Fashion and leather goods
Berluti
Birkenstock
Celine
Christian Dior
Emilio Pucci
Fendi
Givenchy
JW Anderson
Kenzo
Loewe
Loro Piana
Louis Vuitton
Marc Jacobs
Moynat
Off-White
Patou
Phoebe Philo
Rimowa
Stella McCartney

Perfumes and cosmetics
Acqua di Parma
Benefit Cosmetics
BITE Beauty
Cha Ling
Fenty Beauty by Rihanna
Fresh Beauty
Parfums Givenchy
Guerlain
Kenzo Parfums
KVD Vegan Beauty
Maison Francis Kurkdjian
Make Up For Ever
Marc Jacobs Beauty
Officine Universelle Buly
Ole Henriksen
Parfums Christian Dior
Perfumes Loewe
Sephora

Watches and jewelry
Bulgari
Chaumet
Daniel Roth
Fred
Hublot
Gerald Genta
Repossi
TAG Heuer
Tiffany & Co.
Zenith

Selective retailing
DFS
La Grande Epicerie
La Samaritaine
Le Bon Marché
Starboard Cruise Services

Other activities
Belmond
Maisons Cheval Blanc
Connaissance des Arts
Cova
Investir
Jardin d'Acclimatation
Le Parisien
Les Echos
Radio Classique
Royal Van Lent
Response: U.S. LVMH controls around 60 subsidiaries that manage 75 prestigious brands. These include Tiffany & Co., Christian Dior, Fendi, Givenchy, Marc Jacobs, Stella McCartney, Loewe, Loro Piana, Kenzo, Celine, Sephora, Princess Yachts, TAG Heuer, and Bulgari.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is Fascism and what is the historical context?
Response: Historians, political scientists, and other scholars have long debated the exact nature of fascism. Historian Ian Kershaw once wrote that "trying to define 'fascism' is like trying to nail jelly to the wall. Each different group described as fascist has at least some unique elements, and many definitions of fascism have been criticized as either too broad or too narrow.

Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition. Belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation and race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy. Since the end of World War II in 1945, few parties have openly described themselves as fascist; the term is more often used pejoratively by political opponents. The descriptions of neo-fascist or post-fascist are sometimes employed to describe contemporary parties with ideologies similar to, or rooted in, 20th-century fascist movements. 

The first fascist movements emerged in Italy during World War I, before spreading to other European countries, most notably Germany. Fascism also had adherents outside of Europe. Fascists saw World War I as a revolution that brought massive changes to the nature of war, society, the state, and technology. Fascism rejects assertions that violence is inherently bad and views imperialism, political violence and war as means to national rejuvenation. Fascists often advocate for the establishment of a totalitarian one-party state. Fascism's extreme authoritarianism and nationalism often manifests as belief in racial purity or a master race, usually blended with some variant of racism or bigotry against a demonized "Other" that is seen as an existential threat.
Category: classification
Instruction: Identify which animal species is alive or extinct: Pliosaur, Marine Iguana
Response: Pliosaur is extinct, Marine Iguana is alive.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What’s the difference between Spark Streaming and Spark Structured Streaming? What should I use?
Response: Spark Streaming is the previous generation of Spark’s streaming engine. There are no longer updates to Spark Streaming and it’s a legacy project. Spark Streaming provides a high-level abstraction called discretized stream or DStream, which represents a continuous stream of data. Internally, a DStream is represented as a sequence of RDDs.

Spark Structured Streaming is the current generation of Spark’s streaming engine, which is richer in functionality, easier to use, and more scalable. Spark Structured Streaming is built on top of the Spark SQL engine and enables you to express streaming computation the same way you express a batch computation on static data.

You should use Spark Structured Streaming for building streaming applications and pipelines with Spark. If you have legacy applications and pipelines built on Spark Streaming, you should migrate them to Spark Structured Streaming.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What are the most popular smart ring bells?
Response: Ring is a smart ring bell company that can record events and ping your phone when someone rings your Ring doorbell. The company has other products such as floodlights that are motion activated.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In 93rd Academy Awards(Oscar Awards)The Best Picture award was given to whom?
Response: Nomadland
Category: open_qa
Instruction: In music, what key is the relative minor to the key of B major?
Response: G# minor is B major's relative minor.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Who is the greatest tennis player of all time?
Response: Serena Williams
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a recruiter message to someone in tech on LinkedIn
Response: Dear person xy, 
I hope this message finds you well. 
I am with company z and we're currently looking for a position p role. 
Given your extensive experience with technologies t1 and t2, I believe that you might be a good fit for the role. 
Would you be open to discussing the role in more detail?
I am looking forward to hearing from you,
All the best,
recruiter r
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: How do electric cars work?
Response: An electric car, battery electric car, or all-electric car is an automobile that is propelled by one or more electric motors, using only energy stored in batteries. Compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, electric cars are quieter, have no exhaust emissions, and lower emissions overall. In the United States and the European Union, as of 2020, the total cost of ownership of recent electric vehicles is cheaper than that of equivalent ICE cars, due to lower fueling and maintenance costs. Charging an electric car can be done at a variety of charging stations; these charging stations can be installed in both houses and public areas.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: What magazine was Alex Prager the director of Photography for?
Context: In 2011 Kathy Ryan, director of photography for The New York Times Magazine commissioned Prager to shoot 12, 1 minute films with some film actors from that year, inspired by "cinematic villainy". Prager won a News and Documentary Emmy Award for New Approaches to News & Documentary Programming: Arts, Lifestyle & Culture for her Touch of Evil short films.
Response: Alex Prager was the director of photography for the New York Times Magazine.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Where was Bob Dylan born
Response: Duluth, Minnesota
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is an ionic bond?
Response: An ionic bond is a bond where an electron from one atom is transferred to another atom. An example of an ionic bond is NaCl, or salt.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of the following are commonly used as boys names: Adam, Shirley, Hunter, Mary, Susan, Stephanie, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven, Ada
Response: Adam, Hunter, John, Buster, Matthew, James, Johan, Sean, Steven
Category: summarization
Instruction: Can you give me some details about the moroccan geography ?
Context: Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Western Sahara to the south. Since Morocco controls most of Western Sahara, its de facto southern boundary is with Mauritania.

The internationally recognised borders of the country lie between latitudes 27° and 36°N, and longitudes 1° and 14°W. Adding Western Sahara, Morocco lies mostly between 21° and 36°N, and 1° and 17°W (the Ras Nouadhibou peninsula is slightly south of 21° and west of 17°).

The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic Ocean, to mountainous areas, to the Sahara desert. Morocco is a Northern African country, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and the annexed Western Sahara. It is one of only three nations (along with Spain and France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines.

A large part of Morocco is mountainous. The Atlas Mountains are located mainly in the centre and the south of the country. The Rif Mountains are located in the north of the country. Both ranges are mainly inhabited by the Berber people. At 446,550 km2 (172,414 sq mi), Morocco excluding Western Sahara is the fifty-seventh largest country in the world. Algeria borders Morocco to the east and southeast, though the border between the two countries has been closed since 1994.

Spanish territory in Northwest Africa neighbouring Morocco comprises five enclaves on the Mediterranean coast: Ceuta, Melilla, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera, Peñón de Alhucemas, the Chafarinas islands, and the disputed islet Perejil. Off the Atlantic coast the Canary Islands belong to Spain, whereas Madeira to the north is Portuguese. To the north, Morocco is bordered by the Strait of Gibraltar, where international shipping has unimpeded transit passage between the Atlantic and Mediterranean.

The Rif mountains stretch over the region bordering the Mediterranean from the north-west to the north-east. The Atlas Mountains run down the backbone of the country, from the northeast to the southwest. Most of the southeast portion of the country is in the Sahara Desert and as such is generally sparsely populated and unproductive economically.
Response: Morocco has a coast by the Atlantic ocean and the mediterranean sea. It's bordered by Spain, Algeria and Mauritania. The geography of Morocco spans from the Atlantic ocean , to mountainous areas to the Sahara desert. The Rif mountains are located in the North and The Atlas mountains are located mainly in the center and south of the country.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Based on this paragraph about dogs, what is a French Bulldog?
Context: The French Bulldog, French: Bouledogue Français, is a French breed of companion dog or toy dog. It appeared in Paris in the mid-nineteenth century, apparently the result of cross-breeding of Toy Bulldogs imported from England and local Parisian ratters.

It is commonly kept as a pet, and is among the most frequently registered dogs in a number of countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Response: The French Bulldog is a French breed of companion dog or toy dog. It is is among the most frequently registered dogs in a number of countries including Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of Australian Capital cities
Response: Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Canberra, Hobart, Adelaide, Perth and Darwin are capital cities in Australia.
Category: classification
Instruction: When building a pre-stained shelf from Ikea, classify each of the following as useful or not useful for the task: a wooden dowel, a watercolor paint kit, a windowpane, a rubber mallet, a multitool, a screwdriver.
Response: Wooden dowel: useful, a watercolor paint kit: not useful, a windowpane: not useful, a rubber mallet: useful, a multitool: useful, a screwdriver: useful.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Are UGGs considered fashionable?
Response: UGGs were originally worn in Australia by surfers and in the 90’s became mainstream. However since then, they’ve became unpopular and even described as “basic girl” footwear.  Recently, their popularity has had a resurgence. While the question of whether they are fashionable is largely debated, the comfort they provide is undeniable.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What is cholesterol and bad cholesterol and why would I want to reduce my levels?
Response: Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance found in the cells in your body. Your liver makes cholesterol and it is also found in some foods like meat and dairy products. Your body needs certain levels of cholesterol to function, but too much raises the risk of  cardiovascular disease. 

LDL, low-density lipoprotein, is also known as bad cholesterol. It gets it's "bad" name because too high of levels of LDL can lead to a build up of cholesterol in you arteries.  The extra amount of LDL forms plaque and the build up of this plaque in your arteries leads to a condition called, artherosclerosis.  Coronary artery disease happens when the plaque buildup is in the arteries of your heart. It causes the arteries to become hardened and narrowed , which slows down or blocks the blood flow to your heart.  Because your blood carries oxygen to your heart, this means that your heart may not be able to get enough oxygen. This can cause angina or chest pains and may lead to a heat attack if blood flow is completely blocked.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: how to find a good date?
Response: According to Pew Research, 70% of people say their dating life isn’t going well. The three top reasons provided that dating doesn’t work out include:
1)    People live too far away from each other
2)    Significant debt or poor financial situation
3)    different political views
A lot of people nowadays met through online dating apps so they can connect to potential dates they might not be able to met in personal life.  Some prefer someone who complements him while others like dates share similarities. For people looking for fast-paced effective dating experiences, you can try 8-minute first date meeting where you chat with people within eight minutes and decide whether or not they should go out on another date. Experts claims that successful relationships are those where a partner validates/affirms you, inspires you, and challenges you in a good way!
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the legal drinking age?
Response: The legal drinking age in most states is 21 years old.  It is illegal for anyone under the age of 21 to drink alcohol, and you can get in trouble with the law if you do.  There are exceptions to this rule for religious reasons.  If you are going to drink make sure you do it with friends and not alone.  You will also want to have a designated driver in case if too much alcohol is consumed.  You should never drive under any circumstances if you have consumed alcohol.  Driving under the influence is very dangerous, and can take lives if an unplanned car crash happens.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why does treasury bond price drop when bond yield increases?
Response: First, let's see the definition of a bond's price and yield. A bond's price is what investors are willing to pay for an existing bond. A bond's yield is the return to an investor from the bond's interest, or coupon, payments. The typical treasury bond has a fixed yield for X years (X = 5, 10, etc) from the time it is purchased. When we say bond yield increases, it is referring to the newly issued bond will have a higher yield than previously issued bond. Because those new bonds provide higher yield, the existing bonds will need to drop its price otherwise people won't buy them, they would just buy the newly issued bonds.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Name top 10 companies from the Fortune 500 list in 2022
Response: 1. Walmart   
2. Amazon.com   
3. Apple  
4. CVS Health 
5. UnitedHealth Group  
6. Exxon Mobil 
7. Berkshire Hathaway   
8. Alphabet  
9. McKesson   
10. AmerisourceBergen
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: What were the 2 horses represented in greek mythology?
Response: The 2 horses represented in greek mythology were:

- Pegasus, a divine winged stallion that is pure white, son of Medusa and Poseidon, brother of Chrysaor, and father of winged horses.
- Ethiopian Pegasus, winged, horned horses native to Ethiopia.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Tomas is a 50-yr-old nonsmoking male who was recently invited by colleagues to participate in a 10-km trail run. He's been walking for 40 minutes 3 days a week, something he's maintained “for years”. His goal is to run the entire 10K race without stopping. He reports having what he describes as a “mild heart attack” at 45 years old, completed cardiac rehabilitation, and has had no problems since. He takes a statin and a low-dose aspirin daily. During his last visit (2 years ago) with his cardiologist, no changes were noted in his medical condition. Can you brainstorm reasons why Tomas's physician would prescribe a statin? Make sure to explain how this medication works.
Response: Statins are drugs that can lower your cholesterol, which can help lower Tomas’s total cholesterol and reduce their risk of a heart attack or stroke. His physician may have prescribed him this as he has had a history of cardiovascular disease (specifically a heart attack), and the statin is primarily a preventative measure against future heart attacks. Statins block a substance your liver needs to make cholesterol. This causes your liver to remove cholesterol from your blood.
Category: classification
Instruction: When going on a backcountry hike, which of the following are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike: a navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a fire starter (such as matches or a lighter), extra food, extra water, a camera.
Response: A navigation device (such as a map or compass), a headlamp with extra batteries, a firestarter (such as matches or a lighter, extra food, and extra water are among the 10 essentials for a safe hike. While a camera may add to your enjoyment of the hike, it is not essential.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Should I visit Chicago?
Response: Chicago is one of the largest cities in the United States situated on Lake Michigan in the Midwest region of the country. It is a popular travel destination known for its architecture including the world famous Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower), the iconic John Hancock Center and the neo-Gothic Tribune Tower. It is also home to some world famous museums including the Art Institute of Chicago and several sports teams such as the Chicago Bulls, Chicago Bears and Chicago Cubs.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Who is Leslie Hubert Holden?
Context: Leslie Hubert Holden, MC, AFC (6 March 1895 – 18 September 1932) was an Australian fighter ace of World War I and later a commercial aviator. A South Australian, he joined the Light Horse in May 1915, serving in Egypt and France. In December 1916, he volunteered for the Australian Flying Corps and qualified as a pilot. As a member of No. 2 Squadron on the Western Front, he gained the sobriquets "Lucky Les" and "the homing pigeon" after a series of incidents that saw him limping back to base in bullet-riddled aircraft. He was awarded the Military Cross, and went on to achieve five aerial victories flying Airco DH.5s and Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5s.
Response: Leslie Hubert Holden was an Australian fighter ace who served in Egypt and France during World War I.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: How does a transistor amplify a signal?
Response: A transistor is a constructed from materials that behave as semiconductors--which is to say that these materials conduct electrical current but only when certain conditions are met. By combining these materials into a device called a transistor we are able to create an electronic component that will only conduct electricity when a small electric current is applied to the so-called Base pin of the transistor.

One obvious use of such behavior is to use the transistor as a switch--by applying or removing current to the base pin we are able to control whether the transistor conducts electricity via its collector and emitter pins. When no current is present at the Base pin the transistor will block electrical transmission through its emitter and collector pins.

Generally speaking, the electrical current required to control the transistor at the base pin is very small. Much larger currents can be transferred through the device through the collector and emitter pins. Thus, in effect, a transistor uses a very small input current to control the flow of a much larger current.

An audio signal, for example, is transmitted as a very low power electrical current--in it's original form it is too small to be able to drive a loudspeaker to make sounds that are audible to the human ear. To amplify this signal so that is usable for audio playback we can apply the audio signal to a transistor's base pin--this will allow a much larger current to flow between the emitter and collector pins and through the transistor. Since the flow of this large current will mirror the much smaller current of the audio signal we will have effectively created a much stronger version of the original input signal.
Category: general_qa
Instruction: What makes someone beautiful?
Response: It's often said that beauty is in the eye of the beholder.  What makes someone beautiful is subjective to whatever quality the individual or other party deems beautiful, attractive or desirable.  Most individuals are not a good judge of their own appearance or qualities.  According to the Austrian writer Kyle Krauss, the best way to be beautiful, is to stop worrying about being ugly.   The most attractive people are often confident and are usually not concerned with how others perceive their appearance.
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Write a polite e-mail from my cat to the neighbor's cat, asking it to please stay out of his special area of the lawn.
Response: Dear Mittens,

How are you? It's been a lovely summer so far, and I can see that you are enjoying the great outdoors like I am. Our backyard has some lovely sunny spots to warm up in. You are most welcome to visit whenever you like. However, may I make one request? The southwest corner of the lawn beyond the oak tree is my special warming spot. I regularly use it and would be grateful if you could instead use another area if you visit, like the concrete slab immediately west.

Gratefully,
Grumpers
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a bulleted list of the last 10 winners of The Masters in order starting from 2022
Response: - Scottie Scheffler
- Hideki Matsuyama
- Dustin Johnson
- Tiger Woods
- Patrick Reed
- Sergio Garcia
- Jordan Spieth
- Bubba Watson
- Adam Scott
Category: general_qa
Instruction: Why is it hard to have a baby and keep a job?
Response: It's hard to have a baby and keep a job because babies need a lot of time and attention. One solution is to find a good caregiver, whether it is a nanny or a daycare or some other form of group care. While your baby is with that care, you can do your work for your job. Beware that babies who have care as part of larger groups may get sick very often, so your schedule needs to be flexible to accommodate for sick days (yours or your baby's).
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who is considered the G.O.A.T. in basketball?
Response: Michael Jordan, Lebron James, Kobe Bryant
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Why is the World Cup the best sporting competition?
Response: The World Cup is a global event that happens only once every four years. It always has a Host(s) Nation, which is the only team that automatically qualifies for the tournament. Various tournaments lead up to the event, leading to the qualification for the World Cup. From there, FIFA will rank the qualifiers in different tiers and draw them via lottery into "Groups" together. 

The Qualification process is available to all teams across the globe. Regionally-based tournaments hosted by the likes of CONACAF, UEFA, CAF, CONMEBOl, etc lead up to the World Cup Tournament. 

Once the Groups are drawn via lottery together, all Four teams (from different regions). They play against each other and the two teams with the highest total points will advance to the elimination rounds, which include a round of 16, Quarterfinals, Semifinals, and the Final. Once the elimination round begins they are single elimination matches the loser is out of the tournament and the winner advances to the next round.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: According to this paragraph, what records did Stevens break as a basketball coach?
Context: In 2010, his third year as head coach, Stevens broke the NCAA record for most wins in a coach's first three years, exceeding the previous record by eight wins. In the NCAA Tournament, Stevens coached Butler to the first Final Four in school history, while also becoming the second-youngest head coach to make an NCAA National Championship game, losing 61–59 to Duke. With the following season's team also making the Final Four, Stevens became the youngest coach to go to two Final Fours. Stevens coached the Bulldogs in their second consecutive national championship game on April 4, 2011, where the team again lost, this time to the Connecticut Huskies. Stevens was regularly named a finalist for Horizon League Coach of the Year award, winning twice, and was also a nominee for both the Hugh Durham Award and Jim Phelan Award in every year of his college career.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brad_Stevens
Response: According to this paragraph, Stevens has the most wins as an NCAA coach in his first three years and took Butler to its first Final Four in the history of the school. He was also the youngest men's college basketball coach ever to take his team to the NCAA championship game and to two consecutive Final Fours.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What decade is the Great Gatsby set in, and what is the nickname for that time period?
Response: The Great Gatsby is set in the 1920s, known as the Roaring Twenties
Category: classification
Instruction: Which of these colors are primary colors: Red, Yellow, Blue, Orange, Green, Violet.
Response: There are three primary colors which are Red, Yellow, and Blue.
The three secondary colors are Orange, Green, and Violet.
Category: summarization
Instruction: Based on this text, would it be correct to say a peanut is a nut?
Context: The peanut (Arachis hypogaea), also known as the groundnut, goober, pindar or monkey nut (UK), is a legume crop grown mainly for its edible seeds. It is widely grown in the tropics and subtropics, important to both small and large commercial producers. It is classified as both a grain legume and, due to its high oil content, an oil crop. World annual production of shelled peanuts was 44 million tonnes in 2016, led by China with 38% of the world total. Atypically among legume crop plants, peanut pods develop underground (geocarpy) rather than above ground. With this characteristic in mind, the botanist Carl Linnaeus gave peanuts the specific epithet hypogaea, which means "under the earth".

The peanut belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae), commonly known as the legume, bean, or pea family. Like most other legumes, peanuts harbor symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. The capacity to fix nitrogen means peanuts require less nitrogen-containing fertilizer and improve soil fertility, making them valuable in crop rotations.

Peanuts are similar in taste and nutritional profile to tree nuts such as walnuts and almonds, and, as a culinary nut, are often served in similar ways in Western cuisines. The botanical definition of a nut is "a fruit whose ovary wall becomes hard at maturity." Using this criterion, the peanut is not a nut. However, peanuts are usually categorized as nuts for culinary purposes and in common English more generally.
Response: This article describes different ways to classify a peanut. In a culinary or colloquial regard, yes it can be considered a nut. In the botanical or biological definition, it is not a nut but rather a legume.
Category: closed_qa
Instruction: Given a reference text about Ingwelala, tell me which game farms are on the reserve.
Context: Ingwelala is a private stakeholder nature reserve on the bank of the Nhlaralumi River in the heart of the lowveld, about 65 km from the town of Hoedspruit. The reserve of some 3,000 hectares forms part of the Bushbuckridge Municipality, and adjoins the Umbabat Nature Reserve and the unfenced Kruger National Park.

Ingwelala includes the following game farms:

Argyle – 1,499 ha registered as Ingwelala Shareblock Ltd.
Buffelsbed – 1,018 ha registered as Buffelsbed Shareblock Ltd.
Goedehoop – 372 ha registered as Ingwelala Holdings Ltd.
Si Bon – 257 ha registered as Si Bon Property Holdings Ltd
Response: Argyle, Buffelsbed, Goedehoop, and Si Bon are the game farms on Ingwelala.
Category: open_qa
Instruction: Who directed the most episodes of season seven of Game of Thrones?
Response: Jeremy Podeswa, Mark Mylod, and Matt Shakman each directed two episodes of the seventh season of Game of Thrones.
Category: classification
Instruction: Which characters belong to DC or Marvel Universe? Boomerang, Captain Boomerang
Response: Boomerang is Marvel, Captain Boomerang is DC
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is the longest floating bridge in the world?
Response: The 520 Bridge (Evergreen Point) in Washington State is the longest floating bridge in the world
Category: open_qa
Instruction: What is telnet?
Response: Telnet is an application (e.g. client/server) that provides terminal access to servers, local area networks, or other computers on the same network.  In the early days telnet was a service offering through the windows operating system.  Telnet has two core components: the communication protocol and the application that offers the communication protocol service.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What is Huallacancha?
Context: Huallacancha or Huallacanecha (possibly from Quechua walla mountain range, kancha enclosure, enclosed place, yard, a frame, or wall that encloses) is a mountain in the Pariacaca mountain range in the Andes of Peru, about 5,500 metres (18,045 ft) high. It is situated in the Junín Region, Yauli Province, on the border of the districts Suitucancha and Yauli. Huallacancha lies south-east of the mountain Qarwachuku, west of the mountain Ukhu Qhata and north of the mountain Wayllakancha.
Response: Huallacancha is a mountain in the Andes of Peru that is approximately 18,045 ft high.
Category: information_extraction
Instruction: What's the Platinum Jubilee?
Context: The Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II was the international celebration in 2022 marking the 70th anniversary of the accession of Queen Elizabeth II on 6 February 1952. It was the first time that any monarch in British history celebrated a platinum jubilee, as is the case in the histories of the other Commonwealth realms.[n 1]

Initiatives to commemorate the jubilee were announced by the governments of many realms—including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and the United Kingdom—of territories, such as the Cayman Islands and Gibraltar, and celebrations were also held in other Commonwealth member states, like the Gambia, Malaysia, Malta, Pakistan, and Samoa. Leaders from across the world, including from China, France, Germany, Israel, and the United States, sent messages of congratulations to the Queen on reaching the milestone. In the United Kingdom, there was an extra bank holiday on 3 June and the usual spring bank holiday was moved from the end of May to 2 June to create the four-day Platinum Jubilee Central Weekend from Thursday, 2 June, to Sunday, 5 June. Commemorative stamps and coins were issued by several Commonwealth nations and beacons were lit in every Commonwealth capital for the first time. In many places, trees were planted in the Queen's honour.

The Queen died in her Platinum Jubilee year, on 8 September, at the age of 96. Her funeral was held on 19 September 2022 and she was buried at the King George VI Memorial Chapel later that day.
Response: The Platinum Jubilee was a 2022 celebration commemorating British Monarch Queen Elizabeth II's 70th anniversary on the throne. No other monarch in British history has lived long enough to celebrate this milestone, and celebrations were held in her honor all over the world, and several Commonwealth nations commemorated the occasion by issuing special stamps and coins.
Category: brainstorming
Instruction: Give me a list of things that pose a challenge to cryptos
Response: 1) Crypto is an invention that has yet to find a real life purpose. Bitcoin narrative has changed from a peer to peer payment processor to now being store of value.
2) Crypto also is banned in several countries. That is a challenge with wider adoption
3) Crypto is also bound to a regulatory event that could bring it to grinding halt
4) There's also a growing concern around energy consumption of them mining rigs.
5) In recent events, the demise of major crypto exchange like FTX has also lead to poor optics
Category: creative_writing
Instruction: Why are cats better than dogs?
Response: First, let me say that the question represents my own, personal, subjective opinion.  I also adore dogs, just not as much as cats.  I am fully a cat person.
The cat, though.  I am humbled by the task of trying to accurately capture in words the mystery of these beautiful creatures who have chosen to enslave humans.  So instead, because I am also trying to train a model, I will just use a lot of unnecessary adjectives and that will have to do.
Cats have been around humans for a long long time.  I remember as a kid having a book that talked about how in Ancient Egypt cats were revered as holy creatures and kept in luxury in temples of Baast.  The first known evidence of cat domestication is the excavation of a Neolithic grave in Cyprus.  The thing I adore about cats is that they basically haven’t bothered to change themselves since then.  They just carried on being slightly aloof and mysterious, but also affectionate and playful when they feel like it.  And imperious and demanding, of course.  
Cats are incredible communicators.  They have learned to meow at humans because they realised we respond to meows, even though you will very rarely hear a cat meow at another cat (the indignity!).  Meows and chirps are the special condescending language cats developed to communicate with an inferior species.  My own cat can make crystal clear what he wants with looks, body language and the odd meow when he can be bothered.  He is also a total drama queen and obviously manipulative.  If he wants food he will try the ‘I’m hungry’ meow first and if that doesn’t work we get the full on “I’m starving, this is a tragedy, I will die almost immediately if I don’t get food right now”.  I am full of respect for the cats’ ability to manipulate humans and the shamelessness with which they do this.
Cats are also super independent compared to dogs.  No need for walks, no need for the dreaded poo bags, no need for expensive care every time you want to go away for a night.  They love their humans but 100% on their own terms.  
Cats are adorable and cute.  I can’t stress this enough.  Ever seen a cat roll over so you can see its fluffy belly.  How can you not melt.  Ever had a cat make biscuits on your lap (or in the air).  Cuteness overload.  They are even cute when they are mad.  And most cats I’ve met know how to gently tell you what affection is allowed and what isn’t (illegal belly rubs).  They will bat you with a paw, but the claws will be in.  And a cat purring on your lap is the single most relaxing thing in the whole world.
The Swedish word for ‘cat’ is ‘kattepus’.  That in itself seems a really great reason why cats are better than dogs.
The last word goes to Terry Pratchett, author of the Discworld novels, who wrote ‘In ancient times cats were worshipped as gods; they have not forgotten this’.  And neither should we.