分类：教育/科学-外语学习
问题：英语关于补全对话的做题技巧和练习 
关于补全对话的做题技巧和练习
回答：“补全对话”这一题型是以书面的形式测试我们同学的口语交流和表达能力。解题思路、方法、技巧点拨 一、补全对话的类别与形式 “补全对话”试题的设计主要有三类： 1、日常交际用语及其应答 这类题主要考查学生对日常中经常运用的会话习语及其应答的掌握情况，如打电话、购物、看病、感谢、抱怨、谈论天气、问题、禁止、警告等。这种题有较为固定的语言模式。 2、具体语境题 根据对话的具体情景语境提供的各种信息进行全面的分析、比较和逻辑推理，确定空缺语句。这种题的应答没有固定的语言模式，要视对话的具体情景语境确定空缺语句。 3、综合设题 综合设题就是将日常会话用语与具体情景语境相结合。“补全对话”试题的形式主要有：填单词、填句子、选句子填空三种。另外也有“四选一”的形式和“逻辑排序”的形式。二、补全对话解题技巧点拨 解补全对话题可采取以下三个步聚： 1、首先阅读全篇对话，了解对话大意，在掌握了对话主题与大意的基础上着手做题较为快捷准确。 2、根据情景语境，有选项的可结合待选语句，边读边做题。 3、重读全篇对话，确定补全后的对话是否通顺连贯，语法是否正确。 解题时应正确使用会话用语，日常会话用语有一定的语言模式，应熟练掌握；理清询问或答语：若为询问句，则应注意询问句与其上下句的关系；若为疑问句，还要搞清楚何种疑问句，是一般疑问句，还是特殊疑问句，或选择疑问句。弄清了疑问句的种类，好对症下药，给出中肯的答语；注意上下句式关系：上下句子间有多种关系、有因果关系、转折关系，描述、过程、空间、举例、证明、分类、比较、对比、比拟、类推和添加等关系。对话句之间的关系搞清楚了，就容易根据这一特定语境确定选项。例1：(Alice advises（劝告）Bill to read English every day and agrees to help him ---) A: Why don 't you look happy？ B: Because I have a lot of trouble with my English. I can hardly  pass the exam every time. _____   1 _____  A: Don't worry. _____   2 _____  B: No, I only read English before the exam. A: Ah, that's it. If you want to study it well, you must practise it  every day. _____   3 _____  B: I'll take your advice and try to practise reading English every day. _____   4  _____ A: All right. I'd like to. But in fact I still have some trouble with English, too. _____   5 _____     A. Will you help me with it？         B. Let's help each other.     C. I'll try my best to learn it well.     D. How do you like English？    E. I really don't know what to do.     F. What are you going to do next？    G. Do you read English？  本组对话属综合设题，1题、4题为日常会话用语，其余3个小题属语境推断题。对话大意为：A通过询问，得知B不高兴的原因———英语考试不及格。B告诉A应注意怎样做才能通过考试。结合具体选项，1题由下文中的Don't worry．可选出选项E，不知自己该怎样做，表焦虑；2题由下文中的应答可知此题应选一般疑问句。由I only read English．．．可得出答案；3题通过下文的应答，应选一特殊疑问句，问对方今后应如何做；4题由下文All right．I'd like to．可得出答案A，表请求；5题由前句But in fact I still have some trouble with English，too．可得答案：Let's help each other．例2：Li Lei: (1) __________________________? Ji Wei: The same as yesterday, (2)___________________.Li Lei: (3)___________________________? Ji Wei: Well, the temperature is below zero. Not very Comfortable. (4)_____________________________. Li Lei: What did the radio say about the weather tomorrow？ Ji Wei: (5)__________________________. Li Lei: Great！Shall we go out to the countryside tomorrow？     (6)____________________________?Ji Wei: Good idea! Shall we ask Ed and Judy to go？ Li Lei: Sure．Please call them and see if they can go with us. Ji Wei: All right. 答案:1.What' ldandrainy3.What'sthetemperature,please4.I'mfeelingverycoldnow5.Itwillbefine6.Howaboutskating本练习是图画类补全对话。解这类补全对话题时，要注意图画往往为解题提供某种信息，所以在解题过程中首先要弄清楚整个画面的意图，判断一下画中人物在干什么，在哪儿，动作可能是什么时候发生的。再进行逻辑推理，预测结果如何。其次，要弄清对话上、下文之间的联系，根据图中情景运用恰当的时态与固定结构，这样做题的准确率就较高。该对话是有关天气及活动方面的。画面大意是：两小男孩在谈论天气及明天要做的事情。图画所提供的信息有：当时的天气——rainy，从小男孩的表情可知天气较冷，听收音机知明天晴，人物活动———野餐。结合画面信息及对话大意推断答案为：1题询问天气；2题需根据画面提示，对前句补充说明；3题根据答语可填出；4题由not very comfortable及画面提示可知此句表感受；5题根据上下文及图画大意，此句应是说明明天的天气；6题根据上文及答语，以及画面提示，此句应表明明天的活动。例3：重新排列下面5个句子的顺序，使成为符合逻辑的一组对话。(1) Which number do I need, please?(2) No, there isn't. The nearest is about 4 kilometers away. You'd better catch a bus.(3) Excuse me, is there a police station near here?(4) I think you need a number 47. The bus stop is along that road on the right.(5) Thank you very much.逻辑排列题也是部分省、市中考试题中出现的一种题型。每题提供了能组成一篇对话的若干语句，分别标注为1、2、3、4、…并且将这些语句排列成ABCD组，其中只有一组排列的对话在语法上是正确的，在语义上是通顺的，要求学生选出正确的排列。本题旨在测试考生在口头上运用日常用语的实际水平和由句谋篇的初步能力。做此类题一般要注意下列几个步骤。    （一）粗知每句大意    先把每句的大概意思测览一遍，不必细究，只要了解这段对话谈论的是什么内容，如问候、打电话、问问题、买东西、看病等。    （二）找出突破口    此步骤是解题的关键。所谓突破口，就是容易先入手解决问题的地方。准确找出突破口就可以避繁就易，提高效益。此种题型的突破口有：When问句与时间，How问句与方式，where问句与地点，一般疑问句与Yes／No连在一起……，接电话一般先通报自己的电话号码，打电话一般先讲：May I speak to sb.? 问路先讲：Excuse me。买东西：Can I help you? ／What can I do for you? ……    （三）初选答案    根据找出的突破口，就可以排除选项中一些明显不对的答案，有时需要找出一个突破口就可以解决，但有时需要找出两个突破口，进行对比，筛选排除，才能初选答案。    （四）验证答案将由初选的答案组成的对话连在一起读一遍，看看在语法上是否正确（时态、人称、数是否一致），在语义上是否通顺（下句与上句有无内在联系）。本题的解题思路是：1．先粗知每句大意，了解这是问路的对话，再来找突破口。一般来说问路先讲Excuse me.，根据这一突破口就可以确定（3）为对话首句。（3）是一般疑问句，与（2）No明显连在一起，（1）Which number与number 47连在一起，根据这两个突破口就可以确定该对话的正确顺序为(3) (2) (1) (4) (5)。再读一下该对话，验证语法正确，语义通顺。例4：根据情景，选择最佳选项补全对话。   A: Good afternoon.   B: Hello. (1)___________ I’ve just arrived here, and I’m looking for somewhere to stay.   A: Pardon？   B: Can you tell me where I can find a cheap hotel (旅馆)?   A: Certainly. There are a few around here, but the nearest and one of the nicest is just around      the corner. (2)____________ Would you like me to phone to see if they have a room?   B: No, that’s OK. I’ll go there myself. Ah! Another thing. I need to change some travellers’     money, (3)__________________________   A: They close at 7 o’clock in the evening.   B: Right, thanks. This is a very small town, isn’t it? It looks very old. Have you any idea how old this town is?   A: Yes, it was built in 1280.   B: Really? (4)___________ Well, I’d better go now. Oh, I’m not sure if we’re near the centre of the town, because I’ve only just arrived.   A: Yes, it is just about the centre.   B: Thanks very much. Thanks for your help. I’ll go to --- oh, sorry, (5)_____________   A: The Euro Hotel.   B: The Euro. Thanks a lot. Bye!   1. A. I don’t know who you are.              B. What can I do for you?     C. I want to know if you can help me.        D. What’s wrong with you?   2. A. Just wait for me there.                  B. It’s called the Euro Hotel.     C. There’s nobody there.                  D. The plane is leaving at five.3.A.butIdon’ dthepeoplehereareveryfriendly. causeIdrivethecarmyself.   4. A. Can I put it here?                     B. Is it so beautiful?     C. Are you so early?                     D. As old as that?   5. A. I can’t remember the name of the hotel.     B. You can do everything.     C. The place is very great.                 D. Do stay there a few days more.因为有的省市、地区的中考题有时也采用这样的“四选一”形式，所以我们也选一例进行分析说明，供同学们参考。本段对话比较长，是关于一个初到此地的旅游者询问住处的内容。含有“客气请求；如何询问旅馆的地理位置，建筑时间”等功能项目。合理运用上下文的联系是答好此题的关键。第1空，“B”是新到的旅游者，应该是请求帮助者，而B、D都应出自“A”之口；选项A是不礼貌的话语。根据空后的内容，理应用表示客气请求的话语，因此，C是恰当的答案。第2空，上下文所说的都是找“hotel”的问题，D与话题没有任何联系；虽然A、B、C好象都与“hotel”有关，但最密切的话语是B（It’s called the Euro Hotel.）。第3空，答案比较明显，因为下文的“close at 7 o’clock in the evening”正是对A的“what time the banks close”的回答。第4空，主要是依据上文内容，“was built in 1280”说得是旅馆建造年代的久远，“Really?”正是对此表示惊讶， 因此，选D比较确切。第5空，空前是表示遗憾的“sorry”，下文是“The Euro Hotel”，看上去B、C、D都与上下文语境不符，而“can’t remember”与“sorry”，“the name of the hotel”与“the Euro Hotel”也恰好对应。答案无疑是A。补全对话练习： 　　　第一节  填单词，补全对话练习(1)根据对话内容和所给的首字母，写出对话中所缺的单词，使对话完整，合乎情景。Jane: Mum, have you (1)h________ the weather report today?Mum: Yes, what's wrong?Jane: What will the weather be (2)1________ tomorrow?Mum: The radio says there'll be (3)r________.Jane: What a (4)p________! We can't go for a picnic.Mum: You know sometimes the weatherman makes (5)m________.Jane: I hope he’s made a mistake (6)a________ this time.Mum: Why not play computer games at home if it (7)r________?Jane: I'm afraid I (8)p________ reading to playing computer games.Mum: OK. It's (9)g________ to do some reading (10)o________ rainy days. (2)根据对话内容和所给的首字母，写出对话中所缺的单词，使对话完整，合乎情景。（On Thanksgiving Day，the doorbell rings.） Mom: (from the kitchen) There they are. Can you answer the (1)d__________, please, Mike？ Dad: Sure. (He opens the door.) Hello！Happy Thanksgiving! Come on in. Mei: Thank you. Mike, (2)t__________ is my husband, Lee.Dad: Nice to (3)m__________ you, Lee. I'm so glad you   could come. Lee: It's nice to meet you, too. Mei's told me a lot (4)   a__________ you. Dad: Just good things, I (5)h__________! Please come in andsit down. How was your flight, Lee？ Lee: Long and crowded. There wasn't an (6)e__________ seat  on the plane． Dad: I'm not (7)s__________. Everyone goes home for Thanksgiving. It's a family (8)h__________.  Mei: Just like our Mid-autumn (9)D__________. Dad: When is that？ Mei: It was in September. (10)S__________ we couldn't go home, Lee and I really missed our families. (3)在下面对话的空白处填入适当的单词，使对话意思完整、通顺。每空填写一词。Bob: (1)___________! 5672835.Tom: Hello! Could I (2)_________ to Bob, please?Bob: Speaking!Tom: Hi, Bob! This is Tom. Would you like to come to my birthday party tonight?Bob: Oh, thanks. I’d (3)_________to . What time will it begin?Tom: At 6:30.Bob: OK. I’ll come (4)________ time. See you tonight!Tom: (5)_________ you!　　第二节  选择句子，补全对话练习第二节  选择句子，补全对话练习    根据对话内容，从方框内所给的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项（有的小题有多于选项）。（1）A. May I try it on? B. OK. I’ll take it. 　C. How much is it? 　D. Yes, I’d like to have a hat. E. Size L.  A: What can I do for you? B: (1)_____________________ A: What size do you wear? B: (2)_____________________ A: Here you are. B: Oh, a red one. I don’t like red. Have you got any blue ones? A: I’m sorry we haven’t got any at the moment. What about a white one? B: That’s all right. (3)__________________________________ A: Certainly. B: (4)_______________________________ A: 200 yuan, please. B: (5)_______________________________