分类：教育/科学-学习帮助
问题：语法问题~````will后带过去完成是什么意思？怎么用？The 
will 后带过去完成 是什么意思？怎么用？The teacher said we would have finish this two books by the end of that term.
回答：这其实是间接引语的变化问题直接引语变间接引语:若主句中的谓语动词为过去时态,间接引语的时态作如下变化:一般现在时→一般过去时现在进行时→过去进行时现在完成时→过去完成时一般过去时→过去完成时过去完成时→过去完成时一般将来时→过去将来时将来完成时→过去将来完成时当然,若直接引语是客观真理,时态不变,如:Hesaidthemoongoesaroundtheearth其它时态的直接引证变为间接引语时改变直接引语:Theteachersaid,"wewillhavefinishedthistwobooksbytheendofthisterm."→间接引语:Theteachersaidwewouldhavefinishedthistwobooksbytheendofthatterm.这里不止时态改变,指示代词this,改为that下附,间接引语有关知识直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。直接引用别人的原话,两边用引号“”标出,叫做直接引语;用自己的语言转述别人的话,不需要引号这叫做间接引语,实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句,其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外,其转换后是不定式。那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句,转换为间接引语时,句子的结构,人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化,如何变化呢?(一)人称的转变1.直接引语中的第一人称,一般转换为第三人称,如:Hesaid,“Iamverysorry.”Hesaidthathewasverysorry.2.直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对转述人说的,转换为第一人称,如:"Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime,"myfathertoldme.MyfathertoldmethatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.3.直接引语中的第二人称,如果原话是针对第三人称说的,转换成第三人称。如:Shesaidtoherson,“I'llcheckyourhomeworktonight.”Shesaidtohersonthatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.4.人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等,如:Heaskedme,“Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethisafternoon?”HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendofhisthatafternoon.总之,人称的转换不是固定的,具体情况,具体对待,要符合逻辑。(二)时态的转换直接引语改为间接引语时,主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时,从句(即间接引语部分)的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化,变成过去时范畴的各种时态(实际也是宾语从句的时态要求),变化如下:一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时不变过去进行时不变如:1)“Iamverygladtovisityourschool”,shesaid.Shesaidshewasverygladtovisitourschool.2)Tomsaid,“Wearelisteningtothepopmusic.”Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningtothepopmusic.3)Motherasked,“HaveyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.4)Heaskedtheconductor,“WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”HeaskedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.5)“Whydidsherefusetogothere?”theteacherasked.Theteacheraskedwhyshehadrefusedtogothere.6)Motheraskedme,“HadyoufinishedyourhomeworkbeforeyouwatchedTV?”MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforeIwatchedTV.7)Tomsaid,“Wewerehavingafootballmatchthistimeyesterday.”Tomsaidthattheywerehavingafootballmatchthattimethedaybefore.8)Hesaid,“Ihaven'theardfrommyparentsthesedays.”Hesaidthathehadn'theardfromhisparentsthosedays.(三)时间状语、地点状语及某些对比性的指示代词和动词变化nowthentodaythatday时yesterdaythedaybefore间lastweek(month)theweek(month)beforetomorrowthenext(following)daynextyeartheyearbeforetwodaysagotwodaysbeforethisthat指示代词thesethose地点状语:herethere动词:comegobringtake如:Shesaid,“Iwon'tgothereanymore.”Shesaidshewouldn'tcomehereanymore.Hesaid,“Thiswillbefinishedtomorrow.”Hesaidthatwouldbefinishedthenextday.Paulsaid,“IvisitedChinalastyear.”PaulsaidhehadvisitedChinatheyearbefore.(四)直接引语变成间接引语时,从句时态无须改变1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候,如:Healwayssays,“Iamtiredout.”Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.2.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候,如:Hewillsay,“I’lltrymybesttohelpyou.”hewillsaythathewilltryhisbesttohelpme.3.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时,如:Hesaid,“Iwenttocollegein1994.”Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.4.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句,表示过去的时间时,如:Hesaid,“WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.”Hesaidthatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.5.当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时,如:Ourteachersaidtous,“Lighttravelsfasterthansound.”Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsfasterthansound.6.当引语是谚语、格言时,如:Hesaid,“Practicemakesperfect.”Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.7.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时,如:Thedoctorsaid,“You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.”thedoctorsaidI'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater.Hesaid,“Shemustbeateacher.”Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.Hesaid,“Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow.”Hesaidthatsheoughttohavearrivedherofficebythen.Theteachersaid,“Youneedn'thandinyourcompositionstoday.”Theteachersaidweneedn't/didn'tneedto/didn'thavetohandinourcompositions.Sheasked,“MustItakethemedicine?”Sheaskedifshehadtotakethemedicine.[注]:此处用hadto代替must更好8.此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定,不能机械照搬,如果当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go,如果当天转述yesterday,tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。如: :Whatdidtheteachersay,Monitor?Monitor;Hesaidwemighthavetheballgamethisafternoon.(五)直接引语变成间接引语,句子结构的变化1.陈述句。用连词that引导,that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said,也可用told来代替,注意,可以说saidthat, at, at,不可直接说toldthat,如:Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.(不可说toldthat)此外主句中的谓语还常有:repeat,whisper,answer,reply,explain,announce,declare,think等,又如:Hesaid,“I'mlatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.”Heexplainedtousthathewaslatebecauseoftheheavytraffic.如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句,第一个连词可以省略,以后的连词一般不省略,以免混乱。Thedoctorsaid,“Youarenotseriouslyill,Youwillbebettersoon.”Thedoctorsaid(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.2.直接引语为一般疑问句,也称是否疑问句,间接引语用连词whether或if引导,原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),语序是陈述句的语序,这一点非常重要。Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.3.直接引语为选择疑问句,间接引语用whether…or…表达,而不用if…or…,也不用either…or….如:Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.4.直接引语为特殊疑问句,改成间接引语时,原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词,主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达,语序改为陈述句语序。如:Heasked,“What'syourname?”Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.5.直接引语为祈使句时,改为间接引语,用带to的不定式表达,谓语动词常是ask,advise,tell,warn,order,request等。如 do,(由肯定祈使句变成) ttodo(由否定祈使句转变),并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都作相应的变化。如:Hesaid,“Beseated,please.”Heaskedustobeseated.“Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting.”Hesaid.Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmyhandwriting.“Nevercomehereagain!”saidtheofficernearby.Theofficerorderedthevillagersnevertogothereagain.“Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission,”theteachersaid.Theteacherwarnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.6.有些含有“建议”、“劝告”的祈使句,可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述,如:1)Hesaid,“Let'shavearest.”Hesuggestedourhavingarest.2)Hesaid,“Letmehelpyou.”Heofferedtohelpme.7.当直接引语形式上是疑问句,有表示请求,建议意义时,可用asksb.todosth./suggestdoing/ dosth.等形式转述。如:1)“Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?”heasked.Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.2)“Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.Headvisedustogooutforawalk.或Hesuggestedwegooutforawalk.8.直接引语是感叹句时,变间接引语可用what或how引导,也可用that引导,如:Shesaid,“Whatalovelydayitis!”Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas.或Shesaidthatitwasalovelyday.小结:直接引语变间接引语是口语交际中经常使用的语言变化形式,可根据具体的语言环境,作具体的使用,要灵活运用。掌握好直接引语变间接引语也能促进对宾语从句的学习和运用。直接引语变间接引语时态不变的几种情况一般地,直接引语变间接引语时,时态要发生变化;然而,时态不变的情况主要有:1.若直接引语表述的是客观事实、真理和格言时。如:Theteachersaid,“Theearthmovesroundthesun.”→Theteachersaidthattheearthmovesroundthesun.Theoldmansaid,“Therearetwelvemonthsayear.”→Theoldmansaidthattherearetwelvemonthsayear.2.若直接引语所表述的事在目前和说话时同样有效时。如:Hesaid,“Iamaman,notawoman.”→Hesaidthatheisaman,notawoman.Shesaid,“Ilikeplayingfootball.”→Shesaidthatshelikesplayingfootball.3.若直接引语为一般现在时,且表示反复出现或经常性、习惯性的动作时。如:Tomsaid,“Ihavelunchatschooleveryday.”→Tomsaidthathehaslunchatschooleveryday.4.若主句的时态是一般现在时、现在进行时或一般将来时时。如:Heoftensays,“Iwillneverforgetyou.”→Heoftensayshewillneverforgetme.Hewillsay,“Ihavedonemybest.”→Hewillsaythathehasdonehisbest.5.若直接引语是过去完成时。如:Thegirlsaidtohermother,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”→Thegirltoldhermotherthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkbeforesupper.6.若在当天转述别人的话,且直接引语中含有明确的表示过去的时间状语时。如:Lilysaidtome,“Iwaslateforclassyesterday.”→Lilytoldmethatshewaslateforclassyesterday.7.若直接引语中含有when,since,while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句,变间接引语时,从句时态不变。如:Shesaid,“IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold.”→Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold.8.若直接引语的谓语中含有would,should,might,must,usedto,oughtto,hadbetter等动词时。如:Shesaid,“Weshouldhelpeachother.”→Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother.9.若对刚说过的话马上转述时。如: :WhatdidJimsay?