International Linguistic Association
 The International Linguistic Association was founded in 1943 as the Linguistic Circle of New York. Its founding members were academic linguists in the New York area including many members of the École Libre des Hautes Études in exile. The model for the new organization was the Société de Linguistique de Paris. Early members included Roman Jakobson Morris Swadesh André Martinet Henri F. Muller Giuliano Bonfante Robert Austerlitz Robert Fowkes Henry Lee Smith Wolf Leslau and Louis H.