Acanthospermum australe
 Acanthospermum australe (Paraguayan starburr Ihi kukae hipa Paraguay bur Paraquay starbur Pipili Sheepbur Spiny-bur; syn. Acanthospermum xanthioides DC. Melampodium australe Loefl.) is an herbaceous plant. Extracts of Acanthospermum australe have in vitro antiviral activity against herpesvirus and poliovirus but clinical effects have not been studied.