Mitsubishi ESR
 The Mitsubishi ESR (Ecological Science Research) is a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) concept exhibited by Mitsubishi Motors at the 30th Tokyo Motor Show in 1993. It was designed to demonstrate the company's technological developments in alternative energy and used a 70 kW AC induction motor to drive the front wheels. 28 alkaline batteries housed under the passenger compartment and a rear-mounted 1.5 litre gasoline engine powered an on-board electrical generator system.