The Messenger (magazine)
 The Messenger was a political and literary magazine by and for African-American people in the early 20th century that was important in the flowering of the Harlem Renaissance. The Messenger was co-founded in New York City by Chandler Owen and A. Philip Randolph in August 1917.After 1920 The Messenger featured more articles about black culture and began to publish rising black writers. It became a kind of literary magazine (like The Little Review the revived The Dial and The Liberator).