Durum
 Durum wheat or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum) is the only tetraploid species of wheat of commercial importance that is widely cultivated today. It was developed by artificial selection of the domesticated emmer wheat (like emmer durum wheat is awned) strains formerly grown in Central Europe and the Near East around 7000 BC which developed a naked free-threshing form. Durum in Latin means hard and the species is the hardest of all wheats.