falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Galloway-Mowat syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Galloway-Mowat syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Galloway-Mowat syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Cognitive impairment 90% Hypoplasia of the ear cartilage 90% Microcephaly 90% Nephropathy 90% Nephrotic syndrome 90% Proteinuria 90% Abnormality of neuronal migration 50% EEG abnormality 50% Intrauterine growth retardation 50% Macrotia 50% Premature birth 50% Seizures 50% Short stature 50% Abnormality of immune system physiology 7.5% Abnormality of the intervertebral disk 7.5% Abnormality of the teeth 7.5% Adducted thumb 7.5% Aqueductal stenosis 7.5% Camptodactyly of finger 7.5% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 7.5% Hypertelorism 7.5% Hypertonia 7.5% Hypotelorism 7.5% Muscular hypotonia 7.5% Ataxia 5% Dandy-Walker malformation 5% Dystonia 5% Feeding difficulties 5% Spastic tetraplegia 5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Camptodactyly - Cataract - Cerebellar atrophy - Cerebral atrophy - Diffuse mesangial sclerosis - Epicanthus - Flat occiput - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Hand clenching - Hiatus hernia - High palate - Hyperreflexia - Hypoalbuminemia - Hypopigmentation of the skin - Hypoplasia of midface - Hypoplasia of the brainstem - Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum - Hypoplasia of the iris - Infantile onset - Intellectual disability - Joint contracture of the hand - Low-set ears - Microphthalmia - Narrow nasal ridge - Nystagmus - Oligohydramnios - Opacification of the corneal stroma - Optic atrophy - Pachygyria - Pes cavus - Prominent nose - Ptosis - Slender finger - Sloping forehead - Small for gestational age - Small nail - Strabismus - Talipes equinovarus - Wide mouth - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Question: Is Galloway-Mowat syndrome inherited ?
Answer: How is Galloway-Mowat syndrome inherited? Galloway-Mowat syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that to be affected, a person must have a mutation in both copies of the responsible gene in each cell. Affected people inherit one mutated copy of the gene from each parent, who is referred to as a carrier. Carriers of an autosomal recessive condition typically do not have any signs or symptoms (they are unaffected). When 2 carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a: 25% (1 in 4) chance to be affected 50% (1 in 2) chance to be an unaffected carrier like each parent 25% chance to be unaffected and not be a carrier
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Galloway-Mowat syndrome
Question: How to diagnose Galloway-Mowat syndrome ?
Answer: Is genetic testing available for Galloway-Mowat syndrome? Yes. The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information about the labs that offer clinical genetic testing for Galloway-Mowat syndrome. While it is known to be caused by mutations in the WDR73 gene, it has been suggested that other, unidentified genes may also be responsible. In some cases, carrier testing for unaffected relatives may only be available if the specific mutation in the affected family member is known. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hashimoto's syndrome
Question: What is (are) Hashimoto's syndrome ?
Answer: Hashimotos syndrome is a form of chronic inflammation that can damage the thyroid, reducing its ability to produce hormones (hypothyroidism). An early sign of the condition may be enlargement of the thyroid (called a goiter), which can potentially interfere with breathing or swallowing. Other signs and symptoms may include tiredness, weight gain, thin and dry hair, joint or muscle pain, constipation, cold intolerance, and/or a slowed heart rate. Affected women may have irregular menstrual periods or difficulty becoming pregnant. Hashimotos syndrome is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the United States. It is more common in women than in men, and it usually appears in mid-adulthood. The exact cause is unknown but it is thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Treatment is not always needed, but may include taking synthetic thyroid hormone.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hashimoto's syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Hashimoto's syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Hashimoto's syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hashimoto's syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autoimmune antibody positivity - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Hashimoto thyroiditis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hashimoto's syndrome
Question: What causes Hashimoto's syndrome ?
Answer: What causes Hashimotos syndrome? Hashimoto's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder thought to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of these factors have been identified, but many remain unknown. People with Hashimotos syndrome have antibodies to various thyroid antigens. The antibodies "attack" the thyroid, resulting in damage to the gland. Most of the genes associated with Hashimotos syndrome are part of a gene family called the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex, which helps the immune system distinguish the body's own proteins from proteins made by viruses and bacteria or other agents. However, the genetic factors have only a small effect on a person's overall risk of developing this condition. Non-genetic factors that may trigger the condition in people at risk may include changes in sex hormones (particularly in women), viral infections, certain medications, exposure to ionizing radiation, and excess consumption of iodine (a substance involved in thyroid hormone production).
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hashimoto's syndrome
Question: Is Hashimoto's syndrome inherited ?
Answer: Is Hashimoto's syndrome inherited? The inheritance pattern of Hashimoto's syndrome is unclear because many genetic and environmental factors appear to be involved. However, the condition can cluster in families, and having a close relative with Hashimoto's syndrome or another autoimmune disorder likely increases a person's risk of developing the condition.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sedaghatian type
Question: What are the symptoms of Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sedaghatian type ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sedaghatian type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia Sedaghatian type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Platyspondyly 90% Sprengel anomaly 90% Sudden cardiac death 90% Narrow chest 50% Accelerated skeletal maturation 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% 11 pairs of ribs - Atria septal defect - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cone-shaped epiphyses of the phalanges of the hand - Cone-shaped metacarpal epiphyses - Cupped ribs - Delayed epiphyseal ossification - Depressed nasal bridge - Flared iliac wings - Flat acetabular roof - Focal lissencephaly - Iliac crest serration - Irregular tarsal bones - Large posterior fontanelle - Long fibula - Metaphyseal cupping - Metaphyseal irregularity - Muscular hypotonia - Narrow greater sacrosciatic notches - Porencephaly - Posteriorly rotated ears - Redundant skin - Rhizomelia - Short finger - Short long bone - Short metacarpal - Short neck - Short phalanx of finger - Short ribs - Short toe - Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia - Talipes equinovarus - Turricephaly - Widened sacrosciatic notch - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Congenital mirror movement disorder
Question: What is (are) Congenital mirror movement disorder ?
Answer: Congenital mirror movement disorder (CMM) is a rare condition that is characterized by mirror movements (involuntary movements of one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side). Affected people generally develop these movements in infancy or early childhood, which usually persist throughout their life without any related signs or symptoms. In most cases, the involuntary movements are noticeable but less pronounced than the corresponding voluntary movements; however, the severity of symptoms can vary significantly, even among family members. CMM can be caused by changes (mutations) in the DCC or RAD51 genes and inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In some families, the exact underlying cause of CMM is unknown.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Congenital mirror movement disorder
Question: What are the symptoms of Congenital mirror movement disorder ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Congenital mirror movement disorder? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Congenital mirror movement disorder. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Incomplete penetrance 50% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bimanual synkinesia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Question: What is (are) Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Answer: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is an inherited metabolic disorder that prevents the body from converting certain fats to energy, particularly during periods without food (fasting). Normally, through a process called fatty acid oxidation, several enzymes work in a step-wise fashion to break down (metabolize) fats and convert them to energy. People with MCADD do not have enough of an enzyme needed for the step that metabolizes a group of fats called medium-chain fatty acids. MCADD is caused by mutations in the ACADM gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment includes avoidance of fasting and of medium chain triglycerides in the diet.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Question: What are the symptoms of Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency? The initial signs and symptoms of medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) typically occur during infancy or early childhood and can include vomiting, lack of energy (lethargy), and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). In rare cases, the first episode of problems related to MCADD occurs during adulthood. The signs and symptoms of MCADD can be triggered by periods of fasting, or during illnesses such as viral infections, particularly when eating is reduced. People with MCADD are also at risk of serious complications such as seizures, breathing difficulties, liver problems, brain damage, coma, and sudden, unexpected death. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebral edema - Coma - Decreased plasma carnitine - Elevated hepatic transaminases - Hepatic steatosis - Hepatomegaly - Hyperglycinuria - Hypoglycemia - Lethargy - Medium chain dicarboxylic aciduria - Muscular hypotonia - Seizures - Vomiting - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Question: What causes Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Answer: What causes medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency? Mutations in the ACADM gene cause medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency. Mutations in the ACADM gene lead to inadequate levels of an enzyme called medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase. Without sufficient amounts of this enzyme, medium-chain fatty acids from food and fats stored in the body are not metabolized properly. As a result, these fats are not converted to energy, which can lead to characteristic signs and symptoms of this disorder such as lethargy and low blood sugar. Medium-chain fatty acids or partially metabolized fatty acids may accumulate in tissues and can damage the liver and brain, causing serious complications.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Question: Is Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency inherited ?
Answer: How is medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency inherited? Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. This means that both copies of the responsible gene in each cell must have mutations for a person to be affected. Usually, the parents of a person with an autosomal recessive condition each have one mutated copy of the gene and are referred to as carriers. Carriers typically do not have any signs or symptoms of the condition. When two carriers of an autosomal recessive condition have children, each child has a 25% (1 in 4) chance to be affected, a 50% (1 in 2) chance to be a carrier like each parent, and a 25% chance to be unaffected and not be a carrier.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency
Question: How to diagnose Medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency ?
Answer: How is medium-chain acyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD) diagnosed? MCADD is now included in many newborn screening programs. If a newborn screening result for MCADD is not in the normal range, additional testing is recommended. A diagnosis of MCADD can be made through a blood test called a plasma acylcarnitine profile and an evaluation of organic acids in the urine. The diagnosis can also be confirmed by genetic testing.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Geleophysic dwarfism
Question: What are the symptoms of Geleophysic dwarfism ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Geleophysic dwarfism? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Geleophysic dwarfism. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the femur 90% Abnormality of the metacarpal bones 90% Anteverted nares 90% Brachydactyly syndrome 90% Cone-shaped epiphysis 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Full cheeks 90% Hypertelorism 90% Limitation of joint mobility 90% Long philtrum 90% Round face 90% Short nose 90% Short stature 90% Short toe 90% Thin vermilion border 90% Abnormality of the aortic valve 50% Abnormality of the tricuspid valve 50% Abnormality of the voice 50% Atria septal defect 50% Blepharophimosis 50% Hearing impairment 50% Hepatomegaly 50% Intrauterine growth retardation 50% Micromelia 50% Mitral stenosis 50% Otitis media 50% Platyspondyly 50% Recurrent respiratory infections 50% Respiratory insufficiency 50% Round ear 50% Thickened skin 50% Abnormality of the larynx 7.5% Apnea 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Pulmonary hypertension 7.5% Tracheal stenosis 7.5% Aortic valve stenosis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Camptodactyly of finger - Congestive heart failure - Coxa valga - High pitched voice - Hypoplasia of the capital femoral epiphysis - Irregular capital femoral epiphysis - Joint stiffness - J-shaped sella turcica - Lack of skin elasticity - Osteopenia - Pectus excavatum - Seizures - Short foot - Short long bone - Short metacarpals with rounded proximal ends - Short palm - Small nail - Smooth philtrum - Thickened helices - Tricuspid stenosis - Upslanted palpebral fissure - Wide mouth - Wrist flexion contracture - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Guttate psoriasis
Question: What is (are) Guttate psoriasis ?
Answer: Guttate psoriasis is a skin condition in which small, red, and scaly teardrop-shaped spots appear on the arms, legs, and middle of the body. It is a relatively uncommon form of psoriasis. The condition often develops very suddenly, and is usually triggered by an infection (e.g., strep throat, bacteria infection, upper respiratory infections or other viral infections). Other triggers include injury to the skin, including cuts, burns, and insect bites, certain malarial and heart medications, stress, sunburn, and excessive alcohol consumption. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms, ranging from at-home over the counter remedies to medicines that suppress the body's immune system to sunlight and phototherapy.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Guttate psoriasis
Question: What are the treatments for Guttate psoriasis ?
Answer: How might guttate psoriasis be treated? The goal of treatment is to control the symptoms and prevent secondary infections. Mild cases of guttate psoriasis are usually treated at home. The following may be recommended: Cortisone (anti-itch and anti-inflammatory) cream Dandruff shampoos (over-the-counter or prescription) Lotions that contain coal tar Moisturizers Prescription medicines containing vitamin D or vitamin A (retinoids) People with very severe guttate psoriasis may take medicines to suppress the body's immune system. These medicines include corticosteroids, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Sunlight may help some symptoms go away. Care should be taken to avoid sunburn. Some people may choose to have phototherapy. Phototherapy is a medical procedure in which the skin is carefully exposed to ultraviolet light. Phototherapy may be given alone or after taking a drug that makes the skin more sensitive to light. More detailed information related to the treatment of psoriasis can be accessed through Medscape Reference. The National Psoriasis Foundation can also provide you with information on treatment.
(Source: GARD)