falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Hyperprolinemia type 2
Question: What are the treatments for Hyperprolinemia type 2 ?
Answer: How might hyperprolinemia type 2 be treated? There is no specific treatment for hyperprolinemia type 2, even for those individuals who experience seizures. In general, if people with hyperprolinemia type 2 have symptoms, they are usually mild and do not require treatment. If seizures are present during childhood, they tend to disappear in adulthood. Attempts to reduce the amount of proline in an affected person's diet have resulted in only modest control of proline levels in the blood and have not reduced symptoms.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2
Question: What is (are) Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2 ?
Answer: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is a group of eye disorders that affects the development of the eye. Common eye symptoms include cornea defects, which is the clear covering on the front of the eye, and iris defects, which is the colored part of the eye. People with this syndrome may have an off-center pupil (corectopia) or extra holes in the eyes that can look like multiple pupils (polycoria). About 50% of people with this syndrome develop glaucoma, which is a serious condition that increases pressure inside of the eye. This may cause vision loss or blindness. Click here to view a diagram of the eye.  Even though Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome is primarily an eye disorder, this syndrome is also associated with symptoms that affect other parts of the body. Most people with this syndrome have distinctive facial features and many have issues with their teeth, including unusually small teeth (microdontia) or fewer than normal teeth (oligodontia). Some people have extra folds of skin around their belly button, heart defects, or other more rare birth defects. There are three types of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome and each has a different genetic cause. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 1 is caused by spelling mistakes (mutations) in the PITX2 gene. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 3 is caused by mutations in the FOXC1 gene. The gene that causes Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2 is not known, but it is located on chromosome 13. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2
Question: What are the symptoms of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the anterior chamber 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the iris 90% Posterior embryotoxon 90% Glaucoma 50% Hearing impairment 50% Malar flattening 50% Abnormality of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis 7.5% Cutis laxa 7.5% Depressed nasal bridge 7.5% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 7.5% Frontal bossing 7.5% Hypertelorism 7.5% Microdontia 7.5% Reduced number of teeth 7.5% Telecanthus 7.5% Urogenital fistula 7.5% Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology - Anal stenosis - Anterior chamber synechiae - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Blindness - Cryptorchidism - Hydrocephalus - Hypodontia - Hypoplasia of the maxilla - Hypospadias - Inguinal hernia - Mandibular prognathia - Microcornea - Opacification of the corneal stroma - Short philtrum - Umbilical hernia - Wide nasal bridge - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Keratoconus posticus circumscriptus
Question: What are the symptoms of Keratoconus posticus circumscriptus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Keratoconus posticus circumscriptus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Keratoconus posticus circumscriptus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal vertebral segmentation and fusion - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Brachydactyly syndrome - Central posterior corneal opacity - Cleft palate - Cleft upper lip - Clinodactyly of the 5th finger - Growth delay - Hypertelorism - Keratoconus - Limited elbow extension and supination - Recurrent urinary tract infections - Short neck - Vesicoureteral reflux - Webbed neck - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Wittwer syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Wittwer syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Wittwer syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Wittwer syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the fontanelles or cranial sutures 90% Anteverted nares 90% Broad forehead 90% Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% EEG abnormality 90% Epicanthus 90% Frontal bossing 90% High forehead 90% Hypertelorism 90% Long philtrum 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Neurological speech impairment 90% Seizures 90% Short stature 90% Single transverse palmar crease 90% Thin vermilion border 90% Abnormality of the ureter 50% Cryptorchidism 50% Sensorineural hearing impairment 50% Visual impairment 50% Abnormal lung lobation 7.5% Abnormality of the teeth 7.5% Abnormality of the thorax 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia affecting the eye 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lungs 7.5% Corneal dystrophy 7.5% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 7.5% Intestinal malrotation 7.5% Optic atrophy 7.5% Premature graying of hair 7.5% Growth delay - Intellectual disability - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy
Question: What is (are) Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy ?
Answer: Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy (FJHN) is an inherited condition that affects the kidneys. The signs and symptoms vary, even among members of the same family. Many individuals with this condition develop high blood levels of a waste product called uric acid. Normally, the kidneys remove uric acid from the blood and transfer it to urine. In FJHN, the kidneys are unable to remove uric acid from the blood effectively. Beginning in the early teens, FJHN causes gout and slowly progressive kidney disease, resulting in kidney failure. People with FJHN typically require either dialysis to remove wastes from the blood or a kidney transplant. FJHN is caused by mutations in the UMOD gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy
Question: What are the symptoms of Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Familial juvenile hyperuricaemic nephropathy. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Gout - Juvenile onset - Nephropathy - Progressive - Renal insufficiency - Tubular atrophy - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2
Question: What are the symptoms of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Decreased nerve conduction velocity 90% Muscle weakness 90% Pes cavus 90% Skeletal muscle atrophy 90% Cognitive impairment 50% Impaired pain sensation 50% Gait disturbance 7.5% Hemiplegia/hemiparesis 7.5% Incoordination 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Reduced consciousness/confusion 7.5% Scoliosis 7.5% Tremor 7.5% Distal amyotrophy 5% Intellectual disability 5% Areflexia - Decreased motor nerve conduction velocity - Distal muscle weakness - Distal sensory impairment - EMG: axonal abnormality - Foot dorsiflexor weakness - Infantile onset - Steppage gait - Upper limb muscle weakness - X-linked recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Question: What is (are) Weill-Marchesani syndrome ?
Answer: Weill-Marchesani syndrome is an inherited connective tissue disorder that mainly affects the bones and eyes. People with this condition have short stature; short fingers; and limited joint movement, especially of the hands. Weill-Marchesani syndrome also causes abnormalities of the lens of the eye that lead to severe nearsightedness, and it can also cause glaucoma. Occasionally patients with this condition have heart defects. In some families this condition is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and caused by mutations in the ADAMTS10 or LTPBP2 genes. Weill-Marchesani syndrome can also have autosomal dominant inheritance, and a FBN1 gene mutation has been found in one family. People with this condition usually need regular eye exams and sometimes need eye surgery.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Weill-Marchesani syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Weill-Marchesani syndrome? Variability in symptoms exist among individuals who have Weill-Marchesani syndrome. The features of this condition include proportionate short stature, short fingers (called brachdactyly), and joint stiffness. Eye problems are typically recognized in childhood and include microspherophakia (small spherical lens), severe nearsightedness (myopia), ectopia lentis (abnormal position of the lens), and glaucoma, all of which can affect vision. Occasionally people with Weill-Marchesani syndrome have heart abnormalities such as pulmonary valve stenosis or ductus arteriosus. Most individuals with Weill-Marchesani syndrome have normal intelligence.   The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Weill-Marchesani syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the lens 90% Ectopia lentis 90% Glaucoma 90% Myopia 90% Short stature 90% Short toe 90% Limitation of joint mobility 50% Thickened skin 50% Intellectual disability, mild 11% Abnormality of the aortic valve 7.5% Abnormality of the mitral valve 7.5% Abnormality of the pulmonary valve 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% Abnormality of dental morphology - Aortic valve stenosis - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Blindness - Brachycephaly - Brachydactyly syndrome - Broad metacarpals - Broad metatarsal - Broad palm - Broad phalanges of the hand - Broad ribs - Broad skull - Cataract - Depressed nasal bridge - Hypoplasia of the maxilla - Joint stiffness - Lumbar hyperlordosis - Misalignment of teeth - Mitral regurgitation - Narrow palate - Patent ductus arteriosus - Proportionate short stature - Pulmonic stenosis - Scoliosis - Severe Myopia - Shallow anterior chamber - Shallow orbits - Spinal canal stenosis - Thin bony cortex - Ventricular septal defect - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Question: What causes Weill-Marchesani syndrome ?
Answer: What causes Weill-Marchesani syndrome? Weill-Marchesani syndrome is usually caused by mutations in the ADAMTS10 gene. Two families have been found with mutations in different genes, one with a mutation in FBN1 and one with a mutation in LTBP2.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Question: How to diagnose Weill-Marchesani syndrome ?
Answer: How is Weill-Marchesani syndrome diagnosed? The diagnosis of Weill-Marchesani syndrome is made on the presence of the characteristic signs and symptoms. Genetic testing can help confirm the diagnosis. The Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) provides information on the genetic tests available for Weill-Marchesani syndrome. The intended audience for the GTR is health care providers and researchers. Patients and consumers with specific questions about a genetic test should contact a health care provider or a genetics professional.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Weill-Marchesani syndrome
Question: What are the treatments for Weill-Marchesani syndrome ?
Answer: How might Weill-Marchesani syndrome be treated? There is no cure for Weill-Marchesani syndrome, and treatment focuses addressing the symptoms that develop. Individuals with this condition often need a team of medical specialists, including pediatricians, eye specialists (ophthalmologists and optometrists), orthopedists, and cardiologists. Regular eye exams are important for early diagnosis of eye problems. Corrective glasses, visual aids, or eye surgery may be needed to improve vision. Increased pressure within the eye (glaucoma) may be treated with eye drops, laser therapy, surgical removal of the iris or lens. Contraction or dilation of the pupils can cause glaucoma in some people with Weill-Marchesani syndrome. Medications that contract the pupil must be avoided, and medications that dilate the pupils must be given with care. Joint stiffness and bone abnormalities can cause complications if anesthesia is needed for a procedure. It is important to inform a physician of the diagnosis before receiving anesthesia, as it can impact airway management.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Long QT syndrome 3
Question: What are the symptoms of Long QT syndrome 3 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Long QT syndrome 3? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Long QT syndrome 3. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Prolonged QT interval - Sudden cardiac death - Syncope - Torsade de pointes - Ventricular fibrillation - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Lowry Wood syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Lowry Wood syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Lowry Wood syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Lowry Wood syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Microcephaly 90% Short stature 90% Abnormality of retinal pigmentation 50% Arthralgia 50% Cognitive impairment 50% Nystagmus 50% Abnormality of nail color 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the radius 7.5% Astigmatism 7.5% Brachydactyly syndrome 7.5% Delayed skeletal maturation 7.5% Elbow dislocation 7.5% Limitation of joint mobility 7.5% Patellar dislocation 7.5% Platyspondyly 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Epiphyseal dysplasia - Intellectual disability, mild - Irregular epiphyses - Shallow acetabular fossae - Small epiphyses - Small for gestational age - Squared iliac bones - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia
Question: What is (are) Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia ?
Answer: Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare condition in which cells called neuroendocrine cells spread and cluster in the small airways of the lungs. The majority of affected individuals are middled-aged women. Symptoms include shortness of breath and coughing. It is considered to be a precursor for pulmonary carcinoid tumors. Because so few cases have been reported in the medical literature, there is limited information on the prognosis and management of this condition.
(Source: GARD)