falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Marden-Walker syndrome
Question: What are the treatments for Marden-Walker syndrome ?
Answer: How might Marden-Walker syndrome be treated? Very little information is available regarding the treatment of Marden-Walker syndrome. In general, treatment is symptomatic, with a multidisciplinary approach. The team of providers may include a regular pediatrician, a geneticist, a neurologist, an orthopedist and/or a physical medicine specialist. Special diets and feeding techniques may be of benefit. Early childhood intervention services may help with developmental problems. Other treatments are dependent upon the specific symptoms present in each patient.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Aberrant subclavian artery
Question: What is (are) Aberrant subclavian artery ?
Answer: Aberrant subclavian artery is a rare vascular anomaly that is present from birth. It usually causes no symptoms and is often discovered as an incidental finding (such as through a barium swallow or echocardiogram). Occasionally the anomaly causes swallowing difficulty (dysphagia lusoria). Swallowing symptoms in children may present as feeding difficulty and/or recurrent respiratory tract infection. When aberrant subclavian artery causes no symptoms, treatment is not needed. If the anomaly is causing significant symptoms, treatment may involve surgery. Children with symptomatic aberrant subclavian artery should be carefully evaluated for additional vascular and heart anomalies.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: What is (are) Alopecia universalis ?
Answer: Alopecia universalis (AU) is a condition characterized by the complete loss of hair on the scalp and body. It is an advanced form of alopecia areata, a condition that causes round patches of hair loss. Although the exact cause of AU is unknown, it is thought to be an autoimmune condition in which an affected person's immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles. Roughly 20% of affected people have a family member with alopecia, suggesting that genetic factors may contribute to the development of AU. There is currently no cure for AU, but sometimes hair regrowth occurs on it's own, even after many years.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: What are the symptoms of Alopecia universalis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Alopecia universalis? Alopecia universalis (AU) is characterized by the complete loss of hair on both the scalp and body. Most people with AU do not have other signs and symptoms, but some may experience a burning sensation or itching on affected areas. In some cases, AU can be associated with other conditions such as atopic dermatitis, thyroid disorders, and/or nail changes (such as pitting). Anxiety, personality disorders, depression, and paranoid disorders are more common in people with different forms of alopecia areata. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Alopecia universalis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Alopecia areata - Alopecia totalis - Autoimmunity - Multifactorial inheritance - Nail pits - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: What causes Alopecia universalis ?
Answer: What causes alopecia universalis? The exact underlying cause of alopecia universalis (AU) is not currently known. AU is an advanced form of alopecia areata (AA), a condition that leads to round patches of hair loss. AA is thought to be an autoimmune condition in which an affected person's immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles. Genetic studies have found that AA and AU are associated with several immune-related genes; however, they are likely complex disorders caused by the interaction of multiple genetic and environmental factors. This means that even if someone inherits a genetic predisposition to the condition, they may not become affected unless something in the environment triggers the onset of the condition.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: Is Alopecia universalis inherited ?
Answer: Is alopecia universalis inherited? Alopecia universalis is believed to be a multifactorial condition, which means it is caused by a combination of environmental influences and genetic predisposition. While a predisposition can be inherited and some affected people have a family history, the condition itself is not thought to be inherited.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: How to diagnose Alopecia universalis ?
Answer: How is alopecia universalis diagnosed? A diagnosis of alopecia universalis is usually based on the signs and symptoms present in each person. In rare cases, a scalp biopsy may be needed to confirm the diagnosis.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alopecia universalis
Question: What are the treatments for Alopecia universalis ?
Answer: How might alopecia universalis be treated? Although these is no therapy approved for the treatment of alopecia universalis, some people find that medications approved for other purposes may help hair grow back, at least temporarily. Since alopecia universalis is one of the more severe types of alopecia areata, treatment options are somewhat limited. The most common treatments include corticosteriods and topical (applied to the skin) immunotherapy. There are possible side effects of corticosteriods which should be discussed with a physician. Also, regrown hair is likely to fall out when the corticosteriods are stopped. About 40% of people treated with topical immunotherapy will regrow scalp hair after about six months of treatment. Those who do successfully regrow scalp hair need to continue the treatment to maintain the hair regrowth. While these treatments may promote hair growth, they do not prevent new loss or cure the underlying disease. For those who do not respond to treatment, wigs are an option.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3
Question: What are the symptoms of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, familial, 3. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Reduced natural killer cell activity 13/13 Anemia 12/14 Granulocytopenia 11/14 Autosomal recessive inheritance - Fever - Hemophagocytosis - Hepatosplenomegaly - Hypertriglyceridemia - Hypofibrinogenemia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Talipes equinovarus
Question: What is (are) Talipes equinovarus ?
Answer: Talipes equinovarus is a congenital (present from birth) condition where the foot turns inward and downward. The cause of this condition is not known, although it may be passed down through families in some cases. This condition occurs in about 1 out of every 1,000 births. Treatment may involve moving the foot into the correct position and using a cast to keep it there. This process is done in small increments over a period of time. In severe cases, surgery may be needed.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Talipes equinovarus
Question: What are the symptoms of Talipes equinovarus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Talipes equinovarus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Talipes equinovarus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Foot polydactyly 5% Patellar hypoplasia 5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Incomplete penetrance - Talipes equinovarus - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: What is (are) Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ?
Answer: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) is one of the major forms of epidermolysis bullosa. The signs and symptoms can vary widely among affected people. In mild cases, blistering may primarily affect the hands, feet, knees, and elbows. Severe cases often involve widespread blistering that can lead to vision loss, disfigurement, and other serious medical problems. DEB is caused by changes (mutations) in the COL7A1 gene and may be inherited in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive manner depending on the subtype. New blisters should be lanced, drained, and protected. Some patients need nutritional support, supplements, occupational therapy and/or surgery depending on the associated features of the disease.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: What are the symptoms of Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal blistering of the skin 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 90% Abnormality of the toenails 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the skin 90% Cheilitis 90% Abnormality of dental enamel 50% Abnormality of the hand 50% Abnormality of the larynx 50% Anonychia 50% Camptodactyly of toe 50% Carious teeth 50% Constipation 50% Feeding difficulties in infancy 50% Finger syndactyly 50% Furrowed tongue 50% Gangrene 50% Hypopigmented skin patches 50% Skin ulcer 50% Toe syndactyly 50% Tracheoesophageal fistula 50% Abnormality of the preputium 7.5% Anemia 7.5% Atypical scarring of skin 7.5% Blepharitis 7.5% Cerebral ischemia 7.5% Congestive heart failure 7.5% Corneal erosion 7.5% Eczema 7.5% Glomerulopathy 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 7.5% Immunologic hypersensitivity 7.5% Lacrimation abnormality 7.5% Malabsorption 7.5% Neoplasm of the skin 7.5% Nephrotic syndrome 7.5% Otitis media 7.5% Renal insufficiency 7.5% Restrictive lung disease 7.5% Ureteral stenosis 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Camptodactyly arthropathy coxa vara pericarditis syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Camptodactyly arthropathy coxa vara pericarditis syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Camptodactyly arthropathy coxa vara pericarditis syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Camptodactyly arthropathy coxa vara pericarditis syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Arthritis - Arthropathy - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Congenital finger flexion contractures - Constrictive pericarditis - Coxa vara - Flattened metacarpal heads - Flattened metatarsal heads - Generalized morning stiffness - Synovial hypertrophy - Wrist flexion contracture - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly
Question: What are the symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Dandy-Walker malformation with postaxial polydactyly. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Dandy-Walker malformation 90% Postaxial hand polydactyly 90% Agenesis of cerebellar vermis - Aortic valve stenosis - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Chorioretinal atrophy - Cranial nerve paralysis - Depressed nasal bridge - Dilated fourth ventricle - Dolichocephaly - Elevated imprint of the transverse sinuses - Frontal bossing - Hydrocephalus - Low-set ears - Macrocephaly - Microretrognathia - Nystagmus - Partial absence of cerebellar vermis - Patent ductus arteriosus - Posterior embryotoxon - Posterior fossa cyst at the fourth ventricle - Small palpebral fissure - Thinning and bulging of the posterior fossa bones - Truncal ataxia - Wide nasal bridge - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Question: What is (are) Tarsal tunnel syndrome ?
Answer: Tarsal tunnel syndrome is a nerve disorder that is characterized by pain in the ankle, foot, and toes. This condition is caused by compression of the posterior tibial nerve, which runs through a canal near the heel into the sole of the foot. When tissues around this nerve become inflamed, they can press on the nerve and cause the pain associated with tarsal tunnel syndrome.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Tarsal tunnel syndrome ?
Answer: What symptoms are commonly seen in tarsal tunnel syndrome? The symptoms of tarsal tunnel syndrome can vary from person to person. The most common symptom of tarsal tunnel syndrome is foot and ankle pain. Individuals may also experience a burning or tingling sensation and numbness. These symptoms may occur when a person stands, walks, or wears a particular type of shoe. Pain usually worsens during walking and is relieved by rest.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Question: What causes Tarsal tunnel syndrome ?
Answer: What causes tarsal tunnel syndrome? There are a variety of factors that may cause tarsal tunnel syndrome. These may include repetitive stress with activities, trauma (e.g., crush injury, stretch injury, fractures, ankle dislocations or sprains), flat feet, and excess weight. Additionally, any lesion that occupies space within the tarsal tunnel region may cause pressure on the nerve and subsequent symptoms. Examples include tendonitis, hematoma, tumor, varicose veins, and lower extremity edema.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Question: What are the treatments for Tarsal tunnel syndrome ?
Answer: What treatment is available for tarsal tunnel syndrome? While we do not provide medical advice, the following have been reported as treatment options for tarsal tunnel syndrome. Individuals should discuss the various treatment options with their personal healthcare provider. Rest and ice Oral pain medications Steroid injections Local anesthetics Physical therapy Immobilization Orthotic devices Decompression surgery
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type E
Question: What are the symptoms of Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type E ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type E? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Autosomal dominant intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type E. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Stage 5 chronic kidney disease 5% Areflexia - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Axonal loss - Distal lower limb amyotrophy - Distal muscle weakness - Distal sensory impairment - Distal upper limb amyotrophy - Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis - Foot dorsiflexor weakness - Hammertoe - Hyporeflexia - Onion bulb formation - Pes cavus - Progressive - Proteinuria - Split hand - Steppage gait - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Proteus-like syndrome
Question: What is (are) Proteus-like syndrome ?
Answer: Proteus-like syndrome describes people who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for Proteus syndrome but who share many of the characteristic signs and symptoms associated with the condition. Affected people may experience some of the following features: overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues; hamartomas; abnormalities of the skin, blood vessels (vascular tissue) and fat (adipose tissue); and distinctive facial features. Approximately 50% of people with Proteus-like syndrome are found to have changes (mutations) in the PTEN gene. In these cases, the inheritance is autosomal dominant. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
(Source: GARD)