falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Eales disease
Question: What are the treatments for Eales disease ?
Answer: How might Eales disease be treated? Depending on the disease stage, treatment may involve corticosteroids (systemic or periocular) and/or immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclosporine). Anti-tubercular therapy has been recommended by some authors, however this treatment remains controversial. Bevacizumab (Avastin), a monoclonal antibody, is sometimes used via intravitreal injection. This medication appears to induce regression of neovascularization. Laser photocoagulation has become the treatment of choice in patients in the proliferative stage of Eales disease. Vitreoretinal surgery may be required if recurrent vitreous hemorrhage occurs. There may be other treatment options (for example, antioxidant vitamins A, C, and E) for Eales disease as well. We recommend that you discuss these and other treatment options with your partner's health-care providers. You can find relevant articles on the treatment of Eales disease through PubMed, a searchable database of biomedical journal articles. Although not all of the articles are available for free online, most articles listed in PubMed have a summary available. To obtain the full article, contact a medical/university library or your local library for interlibrary loan. You can also order articles online through the publishers Web site. Using 'Eales disease AND treatment' as your search term should help you locate articles. Use the advanced search feature to narrow your search results. Click here to view a search. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed The National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web site has a page for locating libraries in your area that can provide direct access to these journals (print or online). The Web page also describes how you can get these articles through interlibrary loan and Loansome Doc (an NLM document-ordering service). You can access this page at the following link http://nnlm.gov/members/. You can also contact the NLM toll-free at 888-346-3656 to locate libraries in your area.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia
Question: What are the symptoms of Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pseudodiastrophic dysplasia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal form of the vertebral bodies 90% Elbow dislocation 90% Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone 90% Scoliosis 90% Omphalocele 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Fever - Hypoplasia of midface - Hypoplasia of the odontoid process - Lumbar hyperlordosis - Malar flattening - Phalangeal dislocation - Platyspondyly - Rhizomelia - Severe short stature - Talipes equinovarus - Tongue-like lumbar vertebral deformities - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
Question: What is (are) Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency ?
Answer: Aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is an inherited condition that affects the way signals are passed between certain cells in the nervous system. Individuals affected by this condition often have severe movement disorders, abnormal eye movements, autonomic symptoms, and neurological impairment. The condition is caused by mutations in the DDC gene. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Treatment includes a variety of medications which may result in varying levels of success in individual patients. Physical, occupational, and speech therapy may also be of benefit.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis
Question: What are the symptoms of Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Craniosynostosis, anal anomalies, and porokeratosis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the clavicle 90% Abnormality of the eyelashes 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 90% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 90% Frontal bossing 90% Hyperkeratosis 90% Urogenital fistula 90% Cognitive impairment 50% Ectopic anus 50% Hearing impairment 50% Malar flattening 50% Proptosis 50% Thick lower lip vermilion 50% Wide mouth 50% Cleft palate 7.5% Kyphosis 7.5% Anal atresia - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Brachycephaly - Coronal craniosynostosis - Delayed cranial suture closure - Ectropion - Hypoplasia of midface - Hypospadias - Lambdoidal craniosynostosis - Parietal foramina - Porokeratosis - Ptosis - Rectovaginal fistula - Sagittal craniosynostosis - Sensorineural hearing impairment - Short clavicles - Short ribs - Sparse eyebrow - Sparse eyelashes - Sparse scalp hair - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
Question: What is (are) Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism ?
Answer: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is an inherited form of primary hyperparathyroidism that is not associated with other features. The age of diagnosis varies from childhood to adulthood. In FIHP, tumors involving the parathyroid glands cause the production and release of excess parathyroid hormone, which in turn causes increased calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). The tumors are usually benign, but a cancerous tumor can develop in rare cases. Abnormal levels of calcium cause many of the symptoms of FIHP, including kidney stones, nausea, vomiting, high blood pressure (hypertension), weakness, and fatigue. Osteoporosis often also develops. FIHP may be caused by mutations in the MEN1, CDC73 (also known as the HRPT2 gene), or CASR genes and is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. In some cases, the cause is unknown. Mutations in the MEN1 and CDC73 genes cause other conditions in which hyperparathyroidism is one of many features, but some people with mutations in these genes have only isolated hyperparathyroidism. FIHP can also represent an early stage of other syndromes. Treatment for FIHP often includes surgical removal of the affected gland(s).
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
Question: What are the symptoms of Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Hypercalcemia - Primary hyperparathyroidism - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
Question: Is Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism inherited ?
Answer: How is familial isolated hyperparathyroidism inherited? Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is typically inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. This means that having only one changed (mutated) copy of the responsible gene in each cell is enough to cause signs or symptoms of the condition. When a person with an autosomal dominant condition has children, each child has a 50% (1 in 2) chance to inherit the mutated copy of the gene from the affected parent.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism
Question: How to diagnose Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism ?
Answer: How is familial isolated hyperparathyroidism diagnosed? The diagnosis of familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is primarily a diagnosis of exclusion. This means that it is diagnosed when no symptoms or genetic features of other forms of familial hyperparathyroidism are present. FIHP may be the only feature of another condition that is not manifesting completely, or it may be a distinct condition due to mutations in genes that have not yet been identified. Clinical exams, laboratory tests, and histological (microscopic) findings are needed before making a diagnosis of FIHP. A diagnosis of FIHP may include the findings of: hypercalcemia (defined as a serum calcium level greater than 10.5 mg/dL) inappropriately high parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentrations parathyroid adenomas exclusion of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) and hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT) In the majority of people with FIHP, genetic mutations are not found. However, in some people, mutations in the MEN1, CASR, and CDC73 (HRPT2) genes have been reported. At this time, no gene has been associated exclusively with FIHP.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Chromosome 19q13.11 deletion syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Clinodactyly of the 5th finger 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Decreased body weight 90% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Microcephaly 90% Neurological speech impairment 90% Abnormal hair quantity 50% Abnormality of the eyelashes 50% Abnormality of the fingernails 50% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 50% Broad columella 50% Cryptorchidism 50% Dry skin 50% Fine hair 50% Finger syndactyly 50% High forehead 50% Long face 50% Overlapping toe 50% Recurrent respiratory infections 50% Supernumerary nipple 50% Thin skin 50% Thin vermilion border 50% Toe syndactyly 50% Underdeveloped nasal alae 50% Abnormality of the hip bone 7.5% Bifid scrotum 7.5% Cataract 7.5% Hearing impairment 7.5% Microcornea 7.5% Ventricular septal defect 7.5% Wide mouth 7.5% Cutaneous finger syndactyly - Decreased subcutaneous fat - Failure to thrive - Feeding difficulties in infancy - Hypospadias - Intellectual disability - Low-set ears - Macrotia - Nail dysplasia - Postnatal growth retardation - Retrognathia - Short stature - Single umbilical artery - Sparse eyebrow - Sparse eyelashes - Sporadic - Wide intermamillary distance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Scalp ear nipple syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Scalp ear nipple syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Scalp ear nipple syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Scalp ear nipple syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal hair quantity 90% Abnormality of the antihelix 90% Abnormality of the antitragus 90% Abnormality of the tragus 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the earlobes 90% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the nipples 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 50% Cataract 50% Delayed eruption of teeth 50% Hypertension 50% Recurrent urinary tract infections 50% Telecanthus 50% Type I diabetes mellitus 50% Abnormality of the kidney 7.5% Abnormality of the ureter 7.5% Cleft eyelid 7.5% Hypohidrosis 7.5% Anteverted nares 5% Blepharophimosis 5% Congenital cataract 5% Epicanthus 5% Hypotelorism 5% Iris coloboma 5% Mandibular prognathia 5% Pyelonephritis 5% Renal agenesis 5% Renal hypoplasia 5% Renal insufficiency 5% Short columella 5% Sparse hair 5% 2-3 toe syndactyly - 3-4 finger cutaneous syndactyly - Abnormality of the endocrine system - Abnormality of the thorax - Agenesis of permanent teeth - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Breast aplasia - Cupped ear - Depressed nasal bridge - Low-set ears - Microtia - Nail dysplasia - Palpebral edema - Protruding ear - Small earlobe - Underdeveloped antitragus - Underdeveloped tragus - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: What is (are) Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ?
Answer: Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB) is a type of epidermolysis bullosa (EB), which is a group of rare inherited conditions in which the skin blisters extremely easily. DDEB is one of the milder forms of EB, although the severity is variable. Blisters may be present at birth, but typically appear during early childhood; occasionally they do not develop until later in life. Blisters often become more numerous and tend to occur over vulnerable sites such as knees, ankles, elbows and knuckles. In adulthood, they usually become less frequent and scars fade. Other signs and symptoms of DDEB may include dystrophic or absent nails, constipation, dental caries and swallowing problems. It is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene and is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. Treatment typically includes treating blisters and avoiding infection.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: What are the symptoms of Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB) is consivered to be a more mild form of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB). Blistering is often limited to the hands, feet, knees, and elbows. Blistering may be relatively benign, but still heals with scarring and milia. Dystrophic nails, especially toenails, are common and loss of nails may occur. In the mildest forms, dystrophic nails may be the only characteristic noted. Blistering in DDEB often improves somewhat with age. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal blistering of the skin 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 90% Abnormality of the toenails 90% Cheilitis 90% Carious teeth 50% Hypopigmented skin patches 50% Abnormal renal physiology 7.5% Abnormality of the urethra 7.5% Anemia 7.5% Corneal erosion 7.5% Feeding difficulties in infancy 7.5% Tracheoesophageal fistula 7.5% Atrophic scars - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Congenital onset - Milia - Nail dysplasia - Nail dystrophy - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: What causes Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa ?
Answer: What causes dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB) is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene. The COL7A1 gene provides instructions for making a protein that is used to assemble type VII collagen. Collagen gives structure and strength to connective tissues, such as skin, tendons, and ligaments, throughout the body. Type VII collagen plays an important role in strengthening and stabilizing the skin. It is the main component of structures called anchoring fibrils, which anchor the top layer of skin, called the epidermis, to an underlying layer called the dermis. COL7A1 mutations alter the structure or disrupt the production of type VII collagen, which impairs its ability to help connect the epidermis to the dermis. When type VII collagen is abnormal or missing, friction or other minor trauma can cause the two skin layers to separate. This separation leads to the formation of blisters, which can cause extensive scarring as they heal. A diagram of the skin structure including the area of skin implicated in DDEB is provided by the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Click on the link for more.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa
Question: Is Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa inherited ?
Answer: How is dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa inherited? Dominant dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DDEB) has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. Autosomal dominant inheritance means that one copy of the gene with the mutation in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. About 70 percent of individuals with DDEB have inherited a COL7A1 mutation from an affected parent. The remaining 30 percent have the condition as a result of a new (de novo) mutation in the COL7A1 gene. These cases occur in people with no history of the disorder in their family. Regardless of whether an individual with an autosomal dominant condition has inherited the mutation or has a new mutation, each child of the affected individual has a 50% (1 in 2) chance of also having the condition, and a 50% chance of not having the condition.
(Source: GARD)