falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Hartnup disease
Question: What are the symptoms of Hartnup disease ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease? The signs and symptoms of Hartnup disease may vary and include the following:  Skin findings: sensitivity to sunlight  Neurologic symptoms: ataxia, spasticity, headaches,and hypotonia  Psychiatric symptoms: anxiety, emotional instability, mood changes  Ocular findings: double vision, nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia Symptoms may be triggered by sunlight exposure, fever, drugs, and emotional or physical stress. The episodes of skin and neurologic findings may last for 1-4 weeks before spontaneous remission occurs. The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hartnup disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Cutaneous photosensitivity 90% EEG abnormality 90% Hallucinations 90% Hyperreflexia 90% Incoordination 90% Migraine 90% Muscular hypotonia 90% Malabsorption 50% Nystagmus 50% Photophobia 50% Short stature 50% Skin rash 50% Strabismus 50% Abnormal blistering of the skin 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Encephalitis 7.5% Gingivitis 7.5% Glossitis 7.5% Hypopigmented skin patches 7.5% Irregular hyperpigmentation 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Emotional lability - Episodic ataxia - Hypertonia - Neutral hyperaminoaciduria - Psychosis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Male pseudohermaphroditism intellectual disability syndrome, Verloes type
Question: What are the symptoms of Male pseudohermaphroditism intellectual disability syndrome, Verloes type ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Male pseudohermaphroditism intellectual disability syndrome, Verloes type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Male pseudohermaphroditism intellectual disability syndrome, Verloes type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the nipple 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Deeply set eye 90% Downturned corners of mouth 90% Genu valgum 90% Hypoplasia of penis 90% Kyphosis 90% Low posterior hairline 90% Low-set, posteriorly rotated ears 90% Reduced bone mineral density 90% Scrotal hypoplasia 90% Short neck 90% Short nose 90% Short philtrum 90% Short thorax 90% Spina bifida occulta 90% Synophrys 90% Thin vermilion border 90% Absent speech - Bilateral microphthalmos - Cervical spina bifida - Chorioretinal coloboma - Coarse facial features - Intellectual disability - Male pseudohermaphroditism - Obesity - Postnatal growth retardation - Severe sensorineural hearing impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria
Question: What is (are) Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria ?
Answer: Bilateral generalized polymicrogyria is a rare neurological disorder that affects the cerebral cortex (the outer surface of the brain). This is the most widespread form of polymicrogyria and typically affects the entire surface of the brain. Signs and symptoms include severe intellectual disability, problems with movement, and seizures that are difficult or impossible to treat. While the exact cause of bilateral generalized polymicrogyria is not fully understood, it is thought to be due to improper brain development during embryonic growth. Most cases appear to follow an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome
Question: What is (are) Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome ?
Answer: Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome is a disease in which the activity of smooth muscle throughout the body is impaired. This leads to widespread problems including blood vessel abnormalities, a decreased response of the pupils to light, a weak bladder, and weakened contractions of the muscles used for the digestion of food (hypoperistalsis). A certain  mutation in the ACTA2 gene has been shown to cause this condition in some individuals.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome? Symptoms for people with multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome can include the following : Congenital mydriasis (fixed dilated pupils) Patent Ductus Arteriosus Vascular problems including aneurysms Gastrintestinal problems Weak bladder Lung disease White matter abnormalities Changes consistent with MoyaMoya disease The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Multisystemic smooth muscle dysfunction syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Cerebral aneurysm - Cryptorchidism - Hyperperistalsis - Intestinal malrotation - Mydriasis - Patent ductus arteriosus - Pulmonary hypertension - Retinal infarction - Tachypnea - Thoracic aortic aneurysm - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1
Question: What is (are) Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1 ?
Answer: Osteopetrosis is a bone disease that makes bones abnormally dense and prone to breakage (fracture). Researchers have described several major types of osteopetrosis, which are usually distinguished by their pattern of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked. The different types of the disorder can also be distinguished by the severity of their signs and symptoms. Mutations in at least nine genes cause the various types of osteopetrosis.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1
Question: What are the symptoms of Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Osteopetrosis autosomal dominant type 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology - Abnormality of the vertebral column - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Conductive hearing impairment - Generalized osteosclerosis - Headache - Osteopetrosis - Thickened calvaria - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type
Question: What are the symptoms of Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Welander distal myopathy, Swedish type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Myopathy 90% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Distal amyotrophy - Distal muscle weakness - Mildly elevated creatine phosphokinase - Rimmed vacuoles - Slow progression - Steppage gait - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Idiopathic CD4 positive T-lymphocytopenia
Question: What are the symptoms of Idiopathic CD4 positive T-lymphocytopenia ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Idiopathic CD4 positive T-lymphocytopenia? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Idiopathic CD4 positive T-lymphocytopenia. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Autosomal dominant inheritance - Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia - Immunodeficiency - Lymphopenia - Recurrent otitis media - Recurrent sinusitis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H
Question: What are the symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2H. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Absent Achilles reflex - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Decreased number of peripheral myelinated nerve fibers - Distal amyotrophy - Distal sensory impairment - Foot dorsiflexor weakness - Hyperactive patellar reflex - Hyperreflexia in upper limbs - Juvenile onset - Pes cavus - Steppage gait - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Question: What is (are) Pityriasis rubra pilaris ?
Answer: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) refers to a group of skin conditions that cause constant inflammation and scaling of the skin. Affected people have reddish-orange colored patches; they may occur everywhere on the body or only on certain areas. There are several types of PRP, which are classified based on age of onset, body areas affected, and whether other associated conditions are present. PRP is usually sporadic (occurring randomly) but some forms may be inherited.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Question: What are the symptoms of Pityriasis rubra pilaris ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pityriasis rubra pilaris? Features of this condition vary greatly between affected individuals. The onset is gradual in the familial type and can be more rapid in the acquired type. Redness and scaling of the face and scalp are often seen first, followed by redness and thickening of the palms and soles. Overall, the elbows, knees, backs of the hands and feet, and ankles are most commonly affected. A more widespread eruption consisting of scaling orange-red plaques can be observed on the trunk and extremities. The lesions may expand and coalesce and eventually cover the entire body. When the disease becomes widespread, the nails, mucous membranes and eyes may be affected. The familial type often persists throughout life, but the acquired form may have periods of remission (periods of time where symptoms improve or completely resolve). The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pityriasis rubra pilaris. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Irregular hyperpigmentation 90% Palmoplantar keratoderma 90% Abnormality of the fingernails 50% Pruritus 50% Abnormality of the oral cavity 7.5% Eczema 7.5% Ichthyosis 7.5% Lichenification 7.5% Neoplasm 7.5% Pustule 7.5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Subungual hyperkeratosis - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Question: What causes Pityriasis rubra pilaris ?
Answer: What causes pityriasis rubra pilaris? In most cases, pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) occurs sporadically for unknown reasons. In a few families with the inherited form, familial PRP, the condition is caused by mutations in the CARD14 gene. This gene gives instructions for making a protein that turns on other proteins that regulate genes that control the body's immune responses and inflammatory reactions. It also protects cells from certain signals that would otherwise cause them to self-destruct. The CARD14 protein is particularly abundant in the skin. Mutations in the gene can cause a person to have an abnormal inflammatory response. Researchers are trying to find out how these mutations cause the specific features of familial PRP.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Question: What are the treatments for Pityriasis rubra pilaris ?
Answer: How might pityriasis rubra pilaris be treated? Treatment of pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is mainly based on reports of patients' experiences. No controlled trials have been done, so the effectiveness and safety of treatments is unclear. Currently there are no treatments approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for use in PRP. Management of PRP often involves systemic and topical therapies combined. Topical therapies can help with the symptoms and may be enough for people with mild PRP. Topical treatments are usually combined with systemic therapy for PRP that affects a large part of the body. Most people need systemic therapy to control the condition. Oral retinoids (synthetic vitamin A derivatives) are usually preferred as a first-line systemic treatment for PRP. Methotrexate may be an alternative option for people who should not use systemic retinoids, or who don't respond to systemic retinoid therapy. For people who don't respond well to retinoid or methotrexate therapy, options may include biologic TNF-alpha inhibitors, azathioprine, cyclosporine, and/or phototherapy. Topical treatments used for PRP may include topical corticosteroids, keratolytics, tar, calcipotriol, topical tretinoin, and tazarotene. Some of the medications used to treat PRP can harm a developing fetus and are not recommended for use right before or during pregnancy. People seeking information about specific treatment options for themselves or family members should speak with their health care provider.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Cardiomyopathy dilated with woolly hair and keratoderma
Question: What are the symptoms of Cardiomyopathy dilated with woolly hair and keratoderma ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Cardiomyopathy dilated with woolly hair and keratoderma? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Cardiomyopathy dilated with woolly hair and keratoderma. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 90% Palmoplantar keratoderma 90% Woolly hair 90% Abnormal blistering of the skin 7.5% Congestive heart failure 7.5% Ventricular tachycardia 5% Autosomal dominant inheritance - Congenital bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma - Dilated cardiomyopathy - Reduced number of teeth - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hemangioendothelioma
Question: What is (are) Hemangioendothelioma ?
Answer: The term hemangioendothelioma describes several types of vascular neosplasms and includes both non-cancerous (benign) and cancerous (malignant) growths. The term has also been applied to those that show "borderline" behavior, intermediate between entirely benign hemangiomas and highly malignant angiosarcomas. Hemangioendotheliomas are caused by abnormal growth of blood vessel cells, although the exact underlying cause for the abnormal growth is unknown. They can also develop in an organ, such as the liver or lung. They usually grow slowly and can sometimes spread to other tissues in the body (metastasize). Examples of types of hemangioendotheliomas include spindle cell hemangioma; papillary intralymphatic (Dabska tumor); retiform; kaposiform; epithelioid; pseudomyogenic (epithelioid sarcoma-like hemangioendothelioma); and composite. Treatment depends on the type of hemangioendothelioma present but typically includes surgical excision (removal).
(Source: GARD)