falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Question: What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome ?
Answer: What causes Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome? Normally, electrical signals in the heart go through a pathway that helps the heart beat regularly. The wiring of the heart prevents extra beats from occurring and keeps the next beat from happening too soon. In people with Wolff Parkinson White syndrome, there is an extra, or accessory, pathway that may cause a very rapid heart rate. This extra electrical pathway is present at birth. A mutation in the PRKAG2 gene  is the cause of a small percentage of cases of the disorder. Otherwise, little is known about why this extra pathway develops.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Question: Is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome inherited ?
Answer: Is Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome inherited?
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Taurodontism, microdontia, and dens invaginatus
Question: What are the symptoms of Taurodontism, microdontia, and dens invaginatus ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Taurodontism, microdontia, and dens invaginatus? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Taurodontism, microdontia, and dens invaginatus. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Microdontia - Pulp stones - Taurodontia - X-linked recessive inheritance - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2
Question: What is (are) Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 ?
Answer: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 (PCH2) is a rare condition that affects the development of the brain. Signs and symptoms vary but may include microcephaly, developmental delay with lack of voluntary motor development, intellectual disability and movement disorders (i.e. chorea, dystonia, and spasticity). Affected people may also experience dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), impaired vision, seizures and an inability to communicate. Children with this condition often pass away prior to age 10 years, although survival beyond age 20 years has been reported. PCH2 is caused by changes (mutations) in the TSEN54, TSEN2, TSEN34, or SEPSECS gene and is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Treatment is supportive and based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2
Question: What are the symptoms of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Death in childhood 7.5% Cerebral atrophy 5% Cerebral cortical atrophy 5% Cortical gyral simplification 5% Ventriculomegaly 5% Abnormality of the periventricular white matter - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Babinski sign - Cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia - Cerebellar hypoplasia - Cerebellar vermis hypoplasia - Chorea - Clonus - Congenital onset - Dystonia - Extrapyramidal dyskinesia - Feeding difficulties - Gliosis - Hypoplasia of the brainstem - Hypoplasia of the corpus callosum - Hypoplasia of the pons - Impaired smooth pursuit - Limb hypertonia - Microcephaly - Muscular hypotonia of the trunk - Opisthotonus - Poor suck - Progressive microcephaly - Restlessness - Seizures - Severe global developmental delay - Sloping forehead - Visual impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Baraitser Brett Piesowicz syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Baraitser Brett Piesowicz syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Baraitser Brett Piesowicz syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Baraitser Brett Piesowicz syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Cerebral calcification 90% Hyperreflexia 90% Hypertonia 90% Microcephaly 90% Seizures 90% Abnormality of movement 50% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Cataract 5% Opacification of the corneal stroma 5% Renal insufficiency 5% Anteverted nares - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebellar hypoplasia - Decreased liver function - Elevated hepatic transaminases - Failure to thrive - Hepatomegaly - High palate - Increased CSF protein - Intellectual disability, profound - Jaundice - Lissencephaly - Long philtrum - Low-set ears - Microretrognathia - Muscular hypotonia of the trunk - Nystagmus - Pachygyria - Petechiae - Phenotypic variability - Polymicrogyria - Sloping forehead - Spasticity - Splenomegaly - Thrombocytopenia - Ventriculomegaly - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Alpha-mannosidosis type 1
Question: What are the symptoms of Alpha-mannosidosis type 1 ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Alpha-mannosidosis type 1? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Alpha-mannosidosis type 1. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the tongue 90% Cataract 90% Coarse facial features 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Craniofacial hyperostosis 90% Delayed skeletal maturation 90% Depressed nasal bridge 90% Hearing impairment 90% Hepatomegaly 90% Opacification of the corneal stroma 90% Skeletal dysplasia 90% Splenomegaly 90% Type II diabetes mellitus 90% Abnormality of the helix 50% Abnormality of the hip bone 50% Abnormality of the palate 50% Bowing of the long bones 50% Dental malocclusion 50% Gingival overgrowth 50% Hernia of the abdominal wall 50% Hypertelorism 50% Kyphosis 50% Macrotia 50% Muscular hypotonia 50% Otitis media 50% Prominent supraorbital ridges 50% Scoliosis 50% Short neck 50% Arthritis 7.5% Aseptic necrosis 7.5% Hallucinations 7.5% Increased intracranial pressure 7.5% Macrocephaly 7.5% Mandibular prognathia 7.5% Recurrent respiratory infections 7.5% Synostosis of joints 7.5% Abnormality of the rib cage - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Babinski sign - Broad forehead - Cerebellar atrophy - Decreased antibody level in blood - Depressed nasal ridge - Dysarthria - Dysostosis multiplex - Epicanthus - Femoral bowing - Flat occiput - Frontal bossing - Gait ataxia - Growth delay - Hyperreflexia - Hypertrichosis - Hypoplasia of midface - Impaired smooth pursuit - Increased vertebral height - Inguinal hernia - Intellectual disability - Limb ataxia - Low anterior hairline - Macroglossia - Malar flattening - Nystagmus - Pectus carinatum - Progressive retinal degeneration - Recurrent bacterial infections - Sensorineural hearing impairment - Spasticity - Spinocerebellar tract disease in lower limbs - Spondylolisthesis - Thick eyebrow - Thickened calvaria - Thoracolumbar kyphosis - Vacuolated lymphocytes - Widely spaced teeth - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Harrod Doman Keele syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Harrod Doman Keele syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Harrod Doman Keele syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Harrod Doman Keele syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal nasal morphology 90% Abnormality of the palate 90% Abnormality of the pinna 90% Abnormality of the teeth 90% Arachnodactyly 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Hypotelorism 90% Intrauterine growth retardation 90% Long face 90% Microcephaly 90% Narrow face 90% Narrow mouth 90% Pointed chin 90% Abnormality of pelvic girdle bone morphology 50% Abnormality of the shoulder 50% Cataract 50% Cerebral cortical atrophy 50% Cryptorchidism 50% Displacement of the external urethral meatus 50% Hypopigmented skin patches 50% Joint hypermobility 50% Kyphosis 50% Multicystic kidney dysplasia 50% Scoliosis 50% Seizures 50% Abnormal facial shape - Aganglionic megacolon - Dental malocclusion - External genital hypoplasia - Failure to thrive - High palate - Hypospadias - Intellectual disability - Long nose - Macrotia - Malrotation of small bowel - Pyloric stenosis - Renal cortical microcysts - Varicose veins - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Fibular aplasia, tibial campomelia, and oligosyndactyly syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the fibula 90% Abnormality of the tibia 90% Absent hand 90% Abnormality of the cardiovascular system 50% Finger syndactyly 50% Premature birth 50% Respiratory insufficiency 50% Short stature 50% Split hand 50% Tarsal synostosis 50% Abnormality of the hand - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Fibular aplasia - Oligodactyly (feet) - Oligodactyly (hands) - Phenotypic variability - Shortening of the tibia - Syndactyly - Tibial bowing - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Williams syndrome
Question: What is (are) Williams syndrome ?
Answer: Williams syndrome is a developmental disorder that affects many parts of the body. This condition is characterized by mild to moderate intellectual disability, unique personality characteristics, distinctive facial features, and heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) problems. Williams syndrome is caused by missing genes from a specific region of chromosome 7. The deleted region includes more than 25 genes and researchers believe that a loss of several of these genes probably contributes to the characteristic features of this disorder. Although Williams syndrome is considered an autosomal dominant condition, most cases are not inherited, but occur as random events during the formation of reproductive cells (eggs or sperm) in a parent of an affected individual.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Williams syndrome
Question: What causes Williams syndrome ?
Answer: What causes Williams syndrome? Williams syndrome is caused by the deletion of genetic material from a specific region of chromosome 7. The deleted region includes more than 25 genes, and researchers believe that a loss of several of these genes probably contributes to the characteristic features of this disorder. CLIP2, ELN, GTF2I, GTF2IRD1, and LIMK1 are among the genes that are typically deleted in people with Williams syndrome. Researchers have found that the loss of the ELN gene is associated with the connective tissue abnormalities and cardiovascular disease (specifically supravalvular aortic stenosis) found in many people with this condition. Studies suggest that deletions of CLIP2, GTF2I, GTF2IRD1, LIMK1, and perhaps other genes may help explain the characteristic difficulties with visual-spatial tasks, unique behavioral characteristics, and other cognitive difficulties seen in people with Williams syndrome. Loss of the GTF2IRD1 gene may also contribute to the distinctive facial features often associated with this condition. Researchers believe that the presence or absence of the NCF1 gene on chromosome 7 is related to the risk of developing hypertension in people with Williams syndrome. When the NCF1 gene is included in the part of the chromosome that is deleted, affected individuals are less likely to develop hypertension. Therefore, the loss of this gene appears to be a protective factor. People with Williams syndrome whose NCF1 gene is not deleted have a higher risk of developing hypertension. The relationship between other genes in the deleted region of chromosome 7 and the signs and symptoms of Williams syndrome is unknown.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Williams syndrome
Question: Is Williams syndrome inherited ?
Answer: Is Williams syndrome inherited?
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Chromosome 6p deletion
Question: What is (are) Chromosome 6p deletion ?
Answer: Chromosome 6p deletion is a chromosome abnormality that occurs when there is a missing copy of the genetic material located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 6. The severity of the condition and the signs and symptoms depend on the size and location of the deletion and which genes are involved. Features that often occur in people with chromosome 6p deletion include developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral problems, and distinctive facial features. Chromosome 6p deletion can be de novo or inherited from a parent with a chromosomal rearrangement such as a balanced translocation. Treatment is based on the signs and symptoms present in each person.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Short stature syndrome, Brussels type
Question: What are the symptoms of Short stature syndrome, Brussels type ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Short stature syndrome, Brussels type? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Short stature syndrome, Brussels type. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of metabolism/homeostasis - Delayed epiphyseal ossification - Horseshoe kidney - Microretrognathia - Narrow chest - Relative macrocephaly - Short stature - Triangular face - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Ectodermal dysplasia skin fragility syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Ectodermal dysplasia skin fragility syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Ectodermal dysplasia skin fragility syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Ectodermal dysplasia skin fragility syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal blistering of the skin 90% Abnormality of the eyebrow 90% Abnormality of the nail 90% Alopecia 90% Palmoplantar keratoderma 90% Skin ulcer 90% Blepharitis 50% Dry skin 50% Furrowed tongue 50% Malabsorption 50% Pruritus 50% Woolly hair 7.5% Ectodermal dysplasia - Fragile skin - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)