falan42/medcuad_data huggingface dataset:
Topic: Kyrle disease
Question: What are the symptoms of Kyrle disease ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Kyrle disease? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Kyrle disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of the skin - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Posterior subcapsular cataract - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Kyrle disease
Question: What causes Kyrle disease ?
Answer: What causes Kyrle disease? The cause of Kyrle disease is currently unknown. Some cases appear to be idiopathic (no known triggers), or inherited. What has been found is that Kyrle disease appears to occur more frequently in patients with certain systemic disorders, which include diabetes mellitus; renal disease (chronic renal failure, albuminuria, elevated serum creatinine, abnormal creatinine clearance, polyuria); hepatic abnormalities (alcoholic cirrhosis); and congestive heart failure. It has been thought that metabolic disorders associated with Kyrle disease are somehow responsible for development of abnormal keratinization and connective tissue changes, but the exact mechanism by which this happens is unclear.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Kyrle disease
Question: What are the treatments for Kyrle disease ?
Answer: How might Kyrle disease be treated? Kyrle disease is most often associated with a systemic disorder, although idiopathic cases without any associated disease have occurred. Therefore, treatment is typically directed toward the underlying condition when appropriate. For individuals in whom itching is a major problem, soothing antipruritic lotions containing menthol and camphor may be helpful. Sedating antihistamines such as hydroxyzine may also be helpful for pruritus, especially at night. Some improvement has been reported with high doses of vitamin A, with or without vitamin E. Topical retinoic acid cream may also improve the symptoms. Another approach to treatment uses oral retinoids, which resulted in alleviation of symptoms in one study. Etretinate in high doses is also reportedly effective, but relapse has been reported following discontinuation of therapy. UV light therapy is reportedly particularly helpful for individuals with widespread lesions or coexisting pruritus from renal or hepatic disease. Carbon dioxide laser or cryosurgery may be helpful for limited lesions, but caution may be recommended for individuals with dark skin, especially with cryosurgery, and for lesions on the lower legs, particularly in patients with diabetes mellitus or poor circulation.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Carney complex
Question: What is (are) Carney complex ?
Answer: Carney complex is an inherited condition characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac (heart) myxomas (tumors composed of mucous connective tissue), skin myxomas, endocrine tumors or over-activity, and schwannomas. Some families with this condition have been found to have mutations in the PRKAR1A gene. Carney complex is believed to be inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, which means that one copy of the altered gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the disorder. In most cases, an affected person inherits the mutation from one affected parent.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Carney complex
Question: What are the symptoms of Carney complex ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Carney complex? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Carney complex. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal pigmentation of the oral mucosa 90% Growth hormone excess 90% Gynecomastia 90% Hypercortisolism 90% Melanocytic nevus 90% Neoplasm of the adrenal gland 90% Neoplasm of the heart 90% Neoplasm of the skin 90% Neoplasm of the thyroid gland 90% Testicular neoplasm 90% Abnormality of adipose tissue 50% Abnormality of temperature regulation 50% Arthralgia 50% Behavioral abnormality 50% Broad foot 50% Cerebral ischemia 50% Coarse facial features 50% Congestive heart failure 50% Hypertension 50% Hypertrichosis 50% Joint swelling 50% Kyphosis 50% Large hands 50% Neoplasm of the breast 50% Osteoarthritis 50% Reduced bone mineral density 50% Round face 50% Skeletal muscle atrophy 50% Thin skin 50% Truncal obesity 50% Type II diabetes mellitus 50% Anemia 7.5% Cognitive impairment 7.5% Cryptorchidism 7.5% Mitral stenosis 7.5% Neoplasm of the nervous system 7.5% Ovarian neoplasm 7.5% Precocious puberty 7.5% Striae distensae 7.5% Sudden cardiac death 7.5% Tall stature 7.5% Weight loss 7.5% Abnormality of the eye - Autosomal dominant inheritance - Freckling - Hirsutism - Myxoid subcutaneous tumors - Nevus - Pheochromocytoma - Pituitary adenoma - Profuse pigmented skin lesions - Red hair - Schwannoma - Thyroid carcinoma - Thyroid follicular hyperplasia - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
Question: What is (are) Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration ?
Answer: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a rare, movement disorder characterized by a progressive degeneration of the nervous system (neurodegenerative disorder). PKAN is generally separated into classic and atypical forms. Children with classic PKAN develop symptoms in the first ten years of life. The atypical form of PKAN usually occurs after the age of ten and progresses more slowly. All individuals with PKAN have an abnormal buildup of iron in certain areas of the brain. A particular change, called the eye-of-the-tiger sign, which indicates an accumulation of iron, is typically seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain in people with this disorder. PKAN is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and is caused by changes (mutations) in the PANK2 gene.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration
Question: What are the treatments for Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration ?
Answer: How might pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) be treated? Currently there is no cure for this condition. Treatment consists of medications and surgery to relieve symptoms. For many of the treatments that do improve symptoms, the period of benefit is limited. Baclofen and trihexyphenidyl remain the most effective drugs for the dystonia and spasticity associated with this condition. Botulinum toxin may be helpful for many affected individuals, especially in treating a limited body region. For example, injections in the facial muscles can greatly improve speech and eating abilities. Those with PKAN typically do not benefit from L-dopa. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is also an option for relieving some symptoms; an international study of the effectiveness of DBS is currently underway. Recently, interest in chelating agents (agents that remove iron from the body) has also been revived, although the benefits have not yet been documented and systemic anemia remains a risk. A trial using deferriprone (a chelator) in PKAN is currently underway in Italy. Click on the link to learn more about this study.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of Chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Chromosome 17q11.2 deletion syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of chromosome segregation 90% Abnormality of dental enamel 50% Alopecia 50% Cognitive impairment 50% Microcephaly 50% Short stature 50% Long foot 46% Intellectual disability 38% Abnormality of the eyelashes 7.5% Abnormality of the nasal alae 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the eyebrow 7.5% Deviated nasal septum 7.5% Hypoplasia of the zygomatic bone 7.5% Long face 7.5% Macroorchidism 7.5% Midline defect of the nose 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Seizures 7.5% Thin vermilion border 7.5% Axillary freckling 28/29 Cafe-au-lait spot 27/29 Cognitive impairment 27/29 Lisch nodules 27/29 Hypertelorism 25/29 Plexiform neurofibroma 22/29 Subcutaneous neurofibromas 22/29 Joint hypermobility 21/29 Spinal neurofibromas 9/14 Coarse facial features 17/29 Bone cyst 8/16 Delayed speech and language development 14/29 Large hands 13/28 Tall stature 13/28 Focal T2 hyperintense basal ganglia lesion 13/29 Muscular hypotonia 13/29 Specific learning disability 13/29 Scoliosis 12/28 Macrocephaly 9/23 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder 8/24 Broad neck 9/29 Pectus excavatum 9/29 Abnormality of cardiovascular system morphology 8/28 Facial asymmetry 8/29 Neurofibrosarcoma 6/29 Optic glioma 5/27 Pes cavus 5/29 Low-set ears 4/29 Strabismus 4/29 Hearing impairment 3/29 Seizures 2/29 Autosomal dominant inheritance - Inguinal freckling - Overgrowth - Sporadic - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Erdheim-Chester disease
Question: What is (are) Erdheim-Chester disease ?
Answer: Erdheim-Chester disease is a rare condition that can affect many different organs of the body. This condition, which usually affects adults, is characterized by excessive production and accumulation of histiocytes (specific cells that normally play a role in responding to infection and injury) within multiple tissues and organs. As a result, these tissues and organs become thickened, dense and fibrotic. Sites of involvement may include the long bones, skin, tissues behind the eyeballs, lungs, brain, and pituitary gland, among others. Signs and symptoms, as well as disease course, depend on the specific location and extent of involvement. Without successful treatment, organ failure can occur.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Erdheim-Chester disease
Question: What are the symptoms of Erdheim-Chester disease ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Erdheim-Chester disease? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Erdheim-Chester disease. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormality of epiphysis morphology 90% Abnormality of temperature regulation 90% Abnormality of the genital system 90% Abnormality of the metaphyses 90% Bone pain 90% Diabetes insipidus 90% Hyperhidrosis 90% Increased bone mineral density 90% Multiple lipomas 90% Osteolysis 90% Osteomyelitis 90% Proptosis 90% Weight loss 90% Abdominal pain 50% Abnormality of the aortic valve 50% Joint swelling 50% Abnormality of the pericardium 7.5% Abnormality of the pleura 7.5% Anemia 7.5% Aplasia/Hypoplasia of the cerebellum 7.5% Aseptic necrosis 7.5% Congestive heart failure 7.5% Hyperreflexia 7.5% Incoordination 7.5% Nausea and vomiting 7.5% Neurological speech impairment 7.5% Nystagmus 7.5% Ptosis 7.5% Pulmonary fibrosis 7.5% Renal insufficiency 7.5% Respiratory insufficiency 7.5% Skin rash 7.5% Visual impairment 7.5% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Erdheim-Chester disease
Question: What causes Erdheim-Chester disease ?
Answer: What causes Erdheim-Chester disease? The specific underlying cause of Erdheim-Chester disease is not known. It is not currently categorized as a cancer, infection or autoimmune disease. It it not believed to be contagious or genetic in nature.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Split hand split foot malformation autosomal recessive
Question: What is (are) Split hand split foot malformation autosomal recessive ?
Answer: Split hand foot malformation (SHFM) is a type of birth defect that consists of missing digits (fingers and/or toes), a deep cleft down the center of the hand or foot, and fusion of remaining digits. The severity of this condition varies widely among affected individuals. SHFM is sometimes called ectrodactyly; however, this is a nonspecific term used to describe missing digits. SHFM may occur by itself (isolated) or it may be part of a syndrome with abnormalities in other parts of the body. At least six different forms of isolated SHFM have been described. Each type is associated with a different underlying genetic cause. SHFM1 has been linked to chromosome 7, and SHFM2 is linked to the X chromosome. SHFM3 is caused by a duplication of chromosome 10 at position 10q24. Changes (mutations) in the TP63 gene cause SHFM4. SHFM5 is linked to chromosome 2, and SHFM6 is caused by mutations in the WNT10B gene. SHFM may be inherited in an autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked manner.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: SeSAME syndrome
Question: What are the symptoms of SeSAME syndrome ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of SeSAME syndrome? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for SeSAME syndrome. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Short stature 7.5% Chronic axonal neuropathy 5% Peripheral hypomyelination 5% Autosomal recessive inheritance - Cerebellar atrophy - Delayed speech and language development - Dysdiadochokinesis - Enuresis - Hyperaldosteronism - Hypocalciuria - Hypokalemia - Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis - Hypomagnesemia - Increased circulating renin level - Infantile onset - Intellectual disability - Intention tremor - Muscular hypotonia - Polydipsia - Polyuria - Renal potassium wasting - Renal salt wasting - Renal sodium wasting - Salt craving - Seizures - Sensorineural hearing impairment - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Dandy-Walker malformation with facial hemangioma
Question: What are the symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with facial hemangioma ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation with facial hemangioma? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Dandy-Walker malformation with facial hemangioma. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Cavernous hemangioma 90% Cognitive impairment 90% Dandy-Walker malformation 90% Median cleft lip 90% Microcephaly 90% Seizures 90% The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hemochromatosis
Question: What is (are) Hemochromatosis ?
Answer: Hemochromatosis is a condition in which too much iron builds up in the body (iron overload). Accumulation of iron in the organs is toxic and can result in organ failure. While many organs can be affected, it may especially affect the liver, heart, and pancreas. Symptoms of hemochromatosis tend to develop gradually and often don't appear until middle age or later. The condition may not be diagnosed until iron accumulation is excessive. Early symptoms may be vague, such as fatigue or weakness. Other symptoms or features may include joint pain, abdominal pain, loss of sex drive, arthritis, liver disease, diabetes, heart problems, and skin discoloration. Hemochromatosis may be hereditary or acquired (secondary) due to another condition such as anemia, chronic liver disease, or an infection. There is also a neonatal form. Hereditary hemochromatosis is classified by type based on age of onset, genetic cause and mode of inheritance: Hemochromotosis type 1 Hemochromatosis type 2 Hemochromatosis type 3 Hemochromatosis type 4 Treatment usually involves removing blood (phlebotomy), which prevents additional organ damage but does not reverse existing damage.
(Source: GARD)
Topic: Hemochromatosis
Question: What are the symptoms of Hemochromatosis ?
Answer: What are the signs and symptoms of Hemochromatosis? The Human Phenotype Ontology provides the following list of signs and symptoms for Hemochromatosis. If the information is available, the table below includes how often the symptom is seen in people with this condition. You can use the MedlinePlus Medical Dictionary to look up the definitions for these medical terms. Signs and Symptoms Approximate number of patients (when available) Abnormal glucose tolerance - Alopecia - Amenorrhea - Arrhythmia - Arthropathy - Ascites - Autosomal recessive inheritance - Azoospermia - Cardiomegaly - Cardiomyopathy - Cirrhosis - Congestive heart failure - Diabetes mellitus - Elevated hepatic transaminases - Hepatocellular carcinoma - Hepatomegaly - Hyperpigmentation of the skin - Hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism - Impotence - Increased serum ferritin - Increased serum iron - Osteoporosis - Pleural effusion - Splenomegaly - Telangiectasia - Testicular atrophy - The Human Phenotype Ontology (HPO) has collected information on how often a sign or symptom occurs in a condition. Much of this information comes from Orphanet, a European rare disease database. The frequency of a sign or symptom is usually listed as a rough estimate of the percentage of patients who have that feature. The frequency may also be listed as a fraction. The first number of the fraction is how many people had the symptom, and the second number is the total number of people who were examined in one study. For example, a frequency of 25/25 means that in a study of 25 people all patients were found to have that symptom. Because these frequencies are based on a specific study, the fractions may be different if another group of patients are examined. Sometimes, no information on frequency is available. In these cases, the sign or symptom may be rare or common.
(Source: GARD)