falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, prevention?
Answer: The best way to prevent the flu is through annual vaccinations. Each flu shot protects against three to four
different influenza viruses within that year�s flu season.
Other ways to prevent spreading this disease include:
washing your hands regularly
avoiding large crowds, specifically during a flu outbreak
covering your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze
staying home if you develop a fever and for at least 24 hours after it goes away
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, outlook?
Answer: Type A influenza is a contagious viral infection that can cause life-threatening complications if left untreated. While some cases of this infection can improve without prescribed medication, a visit to your doctor is recommended. If you don�t already have a provider, our Healthline FindCare tool can help you connect to physicians in your area..
Don�t self-diagnose your condition. The flu can resemble the common cold, but may trigger worsening symptoms. If you think you�ve contracted influenza, schedule a visit with your doctor to discuss treatment.
Disease: dependence
Question: what is dependence? Tell me about dependence? What kind of disease is dependence? Can you elaborate on dependence? What can you tell me about dependence? Could you describe what dependence is? I�d like to know more about dependence. Can you help? What information do you have on dependence? Could you provide information on dependence?
Answer: What is drug dependence?
Drug dependence occurs when you need one or more drugs to function. The American Psychiatric Association (APA) used to distinguish between dependence and abuse. Abuse was considered the mild or early phase of inappropriate drug use that led to dependence. People viewed dependence as a more severe problem than abuse.
The APA replaced �dependence� and �abuse� with �substance use disorder� in the 2013 edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). This diagnosis focuses on the disorder involving the use of the substance.
Disease: dependence
Question: for dependence, drug dependence vs. drug addiction?
Answer: People sometimes use the terms �addiction� and �dependence� interchangeably. Dependence is not the same as addiction.
Addiction
Addiction can occur without being dependent on drugs.
Addiction may involve:
using drugs despite the consequences
being unable to stop using drugs
neglecting social and work obligations because of drug use
Dependence
It�s possible to be dependent on drugs without being addicted. Dependence can be a bodily response to a substance. This often occurs if you rely on medications to control a chronic medical condition. These conditions may include:
high blood pressure
diabetes
glaucoma
Dependence may involve:
some or all the symptoms of addiction
development of a high tolerance for the substance as your body adapts to the drug, leading to a desire for larger or more frequent doses
physical symptoms of withdrawal when you attempt to stop using the drug
Disease: dependence
Question: for dependence, how drug abuse can lead to dependence?
Answer: The National Institute on Drug Abuse
estimates 22.7 million Americans need help treating a drug or alcohol problem. In some cases, people may take a prescription medication for pain or another medical condition. This kind of use can sometimes develop into a substance use disorder.
The following are known triggers for substance use disorders:
having a family history of addiction
living in an environment where illegal drugs are often used and easy to access
having a history of anxiety
having a history of depression
having a history of other mental health conditions
Drug users typically pass through certain stages on the way to drug dependence. One way that healthcare providers describe these stages is with the Jellinek Curve. The curve tracks typical stages experienced through occasional use, dependence, disorder, and rehabilitation.
These stages include:
You use drugs for recreation. You take them infrequently and in social settings.
You start using drugs on a regular basis, often abandoning family and friends in favor of drug use. You become concerned about losing access to drugs.
You become addicted to drugs as you become more tolerant to their effects and preoccupied with getting them. You may abandon most or all your previous interests and relationships.
You become dependent on drugs and unable to live without them. Your physical and mental health deteriorates.
Disease: dependence
Question: for dependence, recognizing the symptoms of drug dependence?
Answer: You can often determine if an addiction has turned into dependence by looking at behavior. When a person addicted to drugs hasn�t had them for a period of time, this can cause a physical reaction. Physical symptoms of withdrawal occur when the body becomes stressed without the drug. These symptoms include:
anxiety
depression
muscle weakness
nightmares
body aches
sweating
nausea
vomiting
Disease: dependence
Question: for dependence, treating drug dependence?
Answer: When drug abuse escalates to dependence, treatment becomes complicated. You must stop using the drug, but doing so abruptly can cause physical symptoms. You may need the help of a healthcare provider to rid your body of the substance. This can be done on an inpatient or outpatient basis.
Substances that mimic the effects of illegal drugs may help reduce the symptoms of withdrawal during treatment. Detox programs use a combination of therapy and medical treatment to ease dependence and treat the disorder. Ongoing therapy sessions may be needed after you�re released from a treatment program.
Extreme cases of intoxication, withdrawal, or overdose may need emergency care before addiction and dependence can be treated.
Disease: dependence
Question: for dependence, long-term outlook for people with drug dependence?
Answer: If left untreated, dependence on illicit drugs can be dangerous. You may increase your drug use as your body adapts to the drugs. This can result in overdose or death.
Treatment can reverse dependence, but you must want to be treated. Sometimes, treatment is successful the first time, but relapse is common. Ongoing therapy and support groups can help you recover, stay on track, and address symptoms of relapse.
Disease: thrombus
Question: what is thrombus? Tell me about thrombus? What kind of disease is thrombus? Can you elaborate on thrombus? What can you tell me about thrombus? Could you describe what thrombus is? I�d like to know more about thrombus. Can you help? What information do you have on thrombus? Could you provide information on thrombus?
Answer: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious condition in which a blood clot forms in a deep vein inside your body. A blood clot is a clump of blood that�s turned into a solid state.
Deep vein blood clots typically form in your thigh or lower leg, but they can also develop in other areas of your body.
Other names associated with this condition may include:
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, dvt symptoms?
Answer: According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, symptoms of DVT only occur in about half of the people with this condition.
Common DVT symptoms include:
swelling in your foot, ankle, or leg, usually on one side
cramping pain in your affected leg that usually begins in your calf
severe, unexplained pain in your foot and ankle
an area of skin that feels warmer than the skin in the surrounding areas
the skin over the affected area turning pale or reddish, or bluish color, depending on skin tone
People with an upper extremity DVT, or a blood clot in the arm, may not experience symptoms. If they do, common symptoms include:
neck pain
shoulder pain
swelling in the arm or hand
blue- or darker-tinted skin color
pain that moves from the arm to the forearm
weakness in the hand
People may not find out they have DVT until they�ve undergone emergency treatment for a pulmonary embolism (blood clot in the lung).
A pulmonary embolism can happen when a DVT clot has moved from the arm or leg into the lung. When an artery in the lung becomes blocked, it�s life threatening and requires emergency care.
Design by Diego Sabogal
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, causes and risk factors?
Answer: DVT is caused by a blood clot. The clot blocks a vein, preventing
blood from properly circulating in your body.
Different factors can lead to a DVT or increase the risk of developing it. They include:
Injury: Damage to a blood vessel�s wall can narrow or block blood flow. A blood clot may form as a result.
Surgery: Blood vessels can be damaged during surgery, leading to the development of a blood clot. Bed rest with little to no movement after surgery may also increase your risk of developing a blood clot.
Reduced mobility or inactivity: When you sit frequently, such as during a long flight, blood can collect in your legs, especially the lower parts. If you cannot move for extended periods, the blood flow in your legs can slow down. This can cause a clot to develop.
Certain medications: Some medications increase the chances your blood will form a clot. These include birth control pills, hormone therapy drugs, glucocorticoids, and antidepressants.
Age: DVT can still happen at any age, but the incidence rises in older ages. Only 1 in 10,000 people younger than age 20 get DVT, but among those older than age 80, it is 1 in 100.
Trauma: Having an injury that damages your veins, like a bone fracture, can cause a blood clot to develop.
Obesity. Being overweight can put more pressure on your legs and pelvis veins.
Pregnancy: Pregnancy increases the risk
of DVT. In fact, pregnant people are 5-10 times more likely
to develop DVT than those who aren�t pregnant.
Family history: Having relatives who have had DVT may make you more likely to get it.
Catheter: Having a catheter placed in a vein can increase the likelihood of a blood clot forming.
Smoking: This is associated with a higher risk of DVT.
Hereditary blood clotting disorders: Having a clotting disorder makes you more susceptible to DVT.
Cancer: Having pancreatic, lung, stomach, or brain cancer, as well as other cancers, puts you at risk
of DVT, especially if you�re undergoing chemotherapy.
In addition, several other health conditions can increase the risk for DVT. These include
inflammatory bowel disease
cardiac problems like high blood pressure and heart failure
sepsis
Covid-19, tuberculosis, and other viral or bacterial illnesses
asthma
sleep apnea
polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
diabetes
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, complications?
Answer: A major complication of DVT is a pulmonary embolism. You can develop a pulmonary embolism if a blood clot moves to your lungs and blocks a blood vessel.
This can cause serious damage to your lungs and other parts of your body. Get immediate medical help if you have signs of a pulmonary embolism. These signs include:
dizziness
sweating
chest pain that gets worse with coughing or inhaling deeply
rapid breathing
coughing up blood
rapid heart rate
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, prevention?
Answer: A healthy lifestyle incorporates many necessary changes to prevent blood clots from forming. This includes moving more, quitting smoking, and maintaining a moderate weight.
You can also lower your risk of having DVT by:
managing your blood pressure
giving up smoking
maintaining a moderate weight
Take any blood thinners your doctor prescribes if you�re having surgery, which can lower your chance of developing clots afterward.
The risk of developing DVT during travel becomes higher if you sit for more than 4 hours.
Moving your legs around when you�ve been sitting for a while also helps keep your blood flowing. Walking around after being on bed rest can prevent clots from forming.
Get out of your car during long drives and stretch at regular intervals. Walk in the aisles if you�re flying, taking a train, or riding a bus.
Stretch your legs and feet while you�re sitting. This keeps your blood moving steadily in your calves. Don�t wear tight clothes that can restrict blood flow. Complications of DVT are preventable.
Exercises for DVT
If you have to be seated for long periods, such as on a long flight, you can exercise to keep your legs moving and help circulate blood.
Knee pulls
Bend your leg, and raise your knee toward your chest. Wrap your knee with your arms for a greater stretch. Hold this position for several seconds, then do the same exercise on the other side.
Repeat these stretches several times.
Gifs by Active Body. Creative Mind.
Foot pumps
Place your feet flat on the floor. Keeping the balls of your feet on the floor, raise your heels. Hold for a few seconds, then lower your heels.
Raise the balls of your feet off the floor, keeping your heels in place. Hold for a few seconds, then lower the balls of your feet.
Repeat these pumps several times.
Gifs by Active Body. Creative Mind.
Ankle circles
Lift both feet off the floor. Draw circles with your toes in one direction for a few seconds. Switch directions, and draw circles for a few seconds.
Repeat this exercise several times.
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, diagnosis?
Answer: Your doctor will use your medical history, a thorough physical exam, and one or more diagnostic tests to find or rule out DVT. These tests include:
Ultrasound
This is the most commonly used test for diagnosing DVT. Ultrasound uses sound waves to create a picture of your arteries and veins to see how blood flows through them.
If a clot is present, your doctor can see the interrupted blood flow and make the diagnosis.
Venogram
If the ultrasound is inconclusive, your doctor may order a venogram. During this test, a dye is injected into the vein in question. Then, an X-ray is taken over the area where your doctor suspects DVT is present.
The dye makes the vein more visible so that interrupted blood flow would be easily seen.
D-dimer test
A D-dimer blood test measures the presence of a substance released when a blood clot breaks apart.
If levels of the substance are high and you have risk factors for DVT, you likely have a clot. If levels are healthy and your risk factors are low, you likely don�t.
A D-dimer blood test can also indicate other factors, such as a pulmonary embolism, stroke, pregnancy, or infection, so your doctor may need to use other tests to be sure of a diagnosis.
Other tests can be used to diagnose DVT if these are not successful.
Disease: thrombus
Question: for thrombus, takeaway?
Answer: DVT is a serious condition that could be life threatening. Diagnosis can often be difficult, as many people with DVT do not experience symptoms.
If you don�t experience symptoms, you may even be at a greater risk for life threatening complications.
This is why it�s important to know the risk factors and share any symptoms with your doctor. They may prescribe medication or other therapies to help you treat DVT, but there are many things you can do on your own.
Moving regularly, wearing compression stockings, and adopting a balanced diet are key ways to manage DVT risk.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: what is cholecystitis? Tell me about cholecystitis? What kind of disease is cholecystitis? Can you elaborate on cholecystitis? What can you tell me about cholecystitis? Could you describe what cholecystitis is? I�d like to know more about cholecystitis. Can you help? What information do you have on cholecystitis? Could you provide information on cholecystitis?
Answer: What is chronic cholecystitis?
Cholecystitis is the sudden inflammation of your gallbladder. If this condition persists over time, such as for months, with repeated attacks, or if there are recurrent problems with gallbladder function, it�s known as chronic cholecystitis.
The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ located on the underside of your liver. It stores bile made by the liver and sends it to the small intestine via the common bile duct (CBD) to aid in the digestion of fats. The CBD connects the liver, the gallbladder, and the pancreas to the small intestine. Gallstones blocking the CBD are the leading cause of cholecystitis. This blockage causes bile to build up in the gallbladder, and that buildup causes the gallbladder to become inflamed.
If this happens acutely in the face of chronic inflammation, it is a serious condition. The gallbladder could rupture if it�s not treated properly, and this is considered a medical emergency. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, pain medications, and removal of the gallbladder.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, what causes chronic cholecystitis??
Answer: This condition usually begins with the formation of gallstones in the gallbladder. According to the Cleveland Clinic, whether you have gallstones may depend on several factors, including:
genetic predisposition
weight
gallbladder activity
dietary habits
Gallstones form when substances in the bile form crystal-like particles. They can range from the size of a grain of sand to the size of a golf ball. The presence of gallstones causes pressure, irritation, and may cause infection. The walls of the gallbladder begin to thicken over time. Eventually, the gallbladder starts to shrink. These changes make it harder for the gallbladder to function properly.
In addition to gallstones, cholecystitis can be due to:
infection of the CBD drainage system
a CBD blockage
excess cholesterol in the gallbladder, which can happen during pregnancy or after rapid weight loss
decreased blood supply to the gallbladder because of diabetes
tumors in the liver or pancreas
tumors in the gallbladder, which is rare
When you experience repeated or prolonged attacks of cholecystitis, it becomes a chronic condition.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, who gets cholecystitis??
Answer: A number of factors increase your chances of getting cholecystitis:
Gallstones are more common in women than in men. This makes women more likely than men to develop cholecystitis.
The changing of hormones can often cause it. Pregnant women or people on hormone therapy are at greater risk.
The Cleveland Clinic states that the risk of developing this condition increases after age 40.
Hispanics and Native Americans have a higher risk of developing gallstones than other people.
People who are obese are also more likely to get this condition.
Rapid weight loss or weight gain can bring upon the disorder.
If you have diabetes, you are at risk of getting cholecystitis.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, symptoms of cholecystitis?
Answer: Symptoms of cholecystitis can appear suddenly or develop slowly over a period of years. Most of the time these symptoms appear after a meal that is high in fat.
Symptoms include:
severe abdominal pains that may feel sharp or dull
abdominal cramping and bloating
pain that spreads to your back or below your right shoulder blade
fever
chills
nausea
vomiting
loose, light-colored stools
jaundice, which is when your skin and the whites of your eyes turn yellow
itching
A typical attack can last two or three days, but symptoms of cholecystitis vary widely from person to person. The symptoms appear on the right or middle upper part of your stomach. The pain will usually last for 30 minutes.
Complications can include:
pancreatitis, an inflammation of the pancreas
perforation of the gallbladder as a result of infection
enlarged gallbladder due to inflammation
infection may cause the bile to build up
cancer of the gallbladder (this is a rare, long-term complication)
death of gallbladder tissue (this can lead to a tear and ultimately a burst of the organ)
The symptoms of cholecystitis can be treated at home with pain medication and rest, if you have been properly diagnosed. It�s important that you talk to your doctor first before making the decision to treat at home. You may also take antibiotics and avoid fatty foods.
You should always seek medical attention if you are getting severe pains in your abdomen or if your fever does not break.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, how cholecystitis is diagnosed?
Answer: Your doctor will take your medical history and conduct a physical exam. The symptoms of cholecystitis are similar to those of other conditions, so they must rule out those conditions.
There are tests that can help diagnose cholecystitis:
The CT scan uses X-rays to produce very detailed pictures of your abdomen. This is the most sensitive test, and is likely the best bet in locating the problem.
Your doctor may use an abdominal ultrasound to view your gallbladder and liver. This will help them visualize stones and duct obstructions.
Blood tests can identify infections in the bloodstream.
In cholescintigraphy, or a HIDA scan, an injection of a small amount of radioactive material can help identify abnormal contractions or obstructions of your gallbladder and bile ducts. This is also an accurate method of locating the problem. It can take anywhere from an hour to four hours to get your results back.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography involves using an endoscope (a long, flexible tube inserted down your throat), dye, and an X-ray to thoroughly examine your organs and find defects or problems.
In a percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, your doctor will insert contrast dye into your liver with a needle. This allows your doctor to see your bile ducts on X-ray.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, treatment options for cholecystitis?
Answer: The specific cause of your attack will determine the course of treatment. Your doctor will also consider your overall health when choosing your treatment. The options include:
broad-spectrum antibiotics for fighting infection
oral dissolution therapy using medications to help dissolve gallstones (this is typically a last resort, reserved for individuals who cannot undergo surgery)
pain relievers for controlling pain during treatment
Surgery is often the course of action in cases of chronic cholecystitis. Today, gallbladder surgery is generally done laparoscopically. Your surgeon will make small incisions in your abdomen and insert small surgical tools to perform the surgery. In most cases, the surgery is an outpatient procedure, which means a shorter recovery time.
Your healthcare team will advise you about lifestyle and dietary guidelines that can also improve your condition.
Lifestyle and diet changes
Having cholecystitis means you should make important changes to your diet. Upon recovery, eating five to six smaller meals a day is recommended. This allows the bile in your digestive tract to normalize. One big meal can throw off the system and produce a spasm in the gallbladder and bile ducts.
Stick to a low-fat diet with lean proteins, such as poultry or fish. Avoid fatty meats, fried food, and any high-fat foods, including whole milk products.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, long-term outlook for chronic cholecystitis?
Answer: When treated properly, the long-term outlook is quite good. You don�t need a gallbladder to live or to digest food. Without your gallbladder, bile will flow directly from your liver into your small intestine.
Disease: cholecystitis
Question: for cholecystitis, can chronic cholecystitis be prevented??
Answer: If you�ve had one or more bouts of cholecystitis, speak to your doctor to learn about changes you can make to avoid chronic cholecystitis. Ask about dietary guidelines that may include reducing how much fat you eat. Regular exercise is often helpful.
Gallstones are the main cause of cholecystitis. You can lower your risk of developing more gallstones by maintaining a healthy weight. If you need to lose weight, try to do it slowly because rapid weight loss can increase your risk of developing gallstones.