Disease: encephalopathy
Question: for encephalopathy, what are the types and causes of encephalopathy??
Answer: The following are some major types of encephalopathy, along with their causes.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy
This type of encephalopathy occurs when there are multiple traumas or injuries to the brain. These blows to the head lead to nerve damage in the brain. It�s usually found in boxers, football players, or members of the military who have been injured in explosions.
Glycine encephalopathy
Glycine encephalopathy is a genetic, or inherited, condition in which there are abnormally high levels of glycine (an amino acid) in the brain. Symptoms of glycine encephalopathy usually appear in infants soon after birth.
Hashimoto�s encephalopathy
This is a rare type of encephalopathy that�s linked to an autoimmune condition known as Hashimoto�s thyroiditis. In Hashimoto�s thyroiditis, your immune system mistakenly attacks your thyroid gland. Your thyroid gland is responsible for producing many of your body�s regulating hormones. Scientists don�t yet know exactly how the two conditions are linked.
Hepatic encephalopathy
Hepatic encephalopathy is a result of liver disease. When your liver isn�t functioning properly, the toxins that your liver usually removes from your body are instead allowed to build up in your blood, and can eventually reach your brain.
Hypertensive encephalopathy
Hypertensive encephalopathy is a result of severely high blood pressure that goes untreated for too long. This can cause your brain to swell, leading to brain damage and hypertensive encephalopathy.
Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
This condition is a type of brain damage that is caused when the brain doesn�t get enough oxygen. This can result in permanent brain damage or dysfunction. It can be caused by a lack of oxygen to the brain, such as when a developing baby is exposed to alcohol in the womb.
Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy
Toxic-metabolic encephalopathy is a result of infections, toxins, or organ failure. When the electrolytes, hormones, or other chemicals in the body are off their normal balance, they can impact the brain�s function. This can also include the presence of an infection in the body or presence of toxic chemicals. The encephalopathy usually resolves when the underlying chemical imbalance is restored or offending infection/toxin removed.
Infectious encephalopathies
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are also known as prion diseases. Prions are proteins that occur naturally in the body, but they can mutate and cause diseases that gradually damage and deteriorate your brain (neurodegenerative diseases). Prion diseases include:
chronic wasting disease
fatal familial insomnia
kuru
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Uremic encephalopathy
Uremic encephalopathy is a result of kidney failure. It is believed to be caused by the buildup of uremic toxins in the blood. This condition can cause mild confusion to deep coma.
Wernicke encephalopathy
Also known as Wernicke�s disease, this condition is a result of vitamin B-1 deficiency. Long-term alcoholism, poor nutritional intake, and poor food absorption can cause a vitamin B-1 deficiency. If Wernicke encephalopathy isn�t treated quickly, it can lead to Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome.