falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: depression mental or depressive disorder
Question: for depression mental or depressive disorder, what are the symptoms of major depressive disorder??
Answer: A doctor or a mental health professional can diagnose MDD based on your symptoms, feelings, and behaviors.
Typically, you�ll be asked specific questions or given a questionnaire so health professionals can better determine whether you have MDD or another condition.
To be diagnosed with MDD, you need to meet the symptom criteria listed in the �Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5).� This manual helps medical professionals diagnose mental health conditions.
According to its criteria:
You must experience a change in your previous functioning.
Symptoms must occur for a period of 2 or more weeks.
At least one symptom is either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure.
You must also experience five or more of the following symptoms in the 2-week period:
You feel sad or irritable most of the day, nearly every day.
You�re less interested in most activities you once enjoyed.
You suddenly lose or gain weight or have a change in appetite.
You have trouble falling asleep or want to sleep more than usual.
You experience feelings of restlessness.
You feel unusually tired and have a lack of energy.
You feel worthless or guilty, often about things that wouldn�t usually make you feel that way.
You have difficulty concentrating, thinking, or making decisions.
You think about harming yourself or suicide.
Symptoms in different age groups
Symptoms in teens
Symptoms parents should be aware of in their teens include the following:
onset or increased use of substances (i.e., alcohol, smoking)
poorer academic performance
problems with peers
increased social withdrawal/isolation
Symptoms in older adults
Depression symptoms in older adults are similar to other age groups. It�s often the cause of physical pain in older adults that�s not explained by other medical conditions.
Depression is common
in people with Alzheimer�s and related dementias. It�s sometimes called geriatric depression.
Older adults with one chronic health condition are 80%
more at risk of developing depression than the average person, especially if their function becomes limited.
Disease: depression mental or depressive disorder
Question: for depression mental or depressive disorder, what causes major depressive disorder??
Answer: The exact cause of MDD isn�t known. However, several factors can increase
your risk of developing the condition.
A combination
of genes and stress can affect brain chemistry and lower your ability to maintain mood stability.
Changes in the balance of hormones might also contribute to the development of MDD.
MDD may also be triggered by:
alcohol
or drug use
certain medical conditions, such as cancer or hypothyroidism
particular types of medications, including steroids
abuse during childhood
Disease: depression mental or depressive disorder
Question: for depression mental or depressive disorder, what is the outlook for someone with major depressive disorder??
Answer: While someone with MDD can feel hopeless at times, it�s important to remember that the disorder can be treated successfully. There is hope.
Sticking with a treatment plan is a critical part of improving your outlook. Try not to miss therapy sessions or follow-up appointments with your mental health professional.
Similarly, it�s important not to stop taking your medications unless a mental health or healthcare professional advises you to.
On days when you feel particularly depressed despite treatment, it can be helpful to call a local crisis or mental health service. Resources are available.
A friendly, supportive voice could be just what you need to get you through a difficult time.
Read this article in Spanish.
Suicidal thoughts
If you start taking antidepressants and have suicidal thoughts, call your doctor or 911 or local emergency services right away. Although it�s a rare occurrence, some MDD medications can cause suicidal thoughts in people who have just started treatment.
Talk with a doctor about concerns you may have about taking medications that pose this risk.
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Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: what is coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? Tell me about coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? What kind of disease is coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? Can you elaborate on coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? What can you tell me about coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? Could you describe what coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease is? I�d like to know more about coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease. Can you help? What information do you have on coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease? Could you provide information on coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease?
Answer: Coronary artery disease is the most common form of heart disease. It happens when something, like plaque buildup, reduces blood flow to the heart. It can increase your risk of heart attack.
Coronary artery disease (CAD) causes impaired blood flow in the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Also called coronary heart disease (CHD), CAD is the most common form of heart disease and affects approximately 16.5 million
Americans over the age of 20.
It�s also the leading ca
use of death
for both men and women in the United States. It�s estimated that every 36 seconds
, someone in the United States has a heart attack.
A heart attack can come from uncontrolled CAD.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease symptoms?
Answer: When your heart doesn�t get enough arterial blood, you may experience a variety of symptoms. Angina (chest discomfort) is the most common symptom of CAD. Some people describe this discomfort as:
chest pain
heaviness
tightness
burning
squeezing
These symptoms can also be mistaken for heartburn or indigestion.
Other symptoms of CAD include:
pain in the arms or shoulders
shortness of breath
sweating
dizziness
You may experience more symptoms when your blood flow is more restricted. If a blockage cuts off blood flow completely or almost completely, your heart muscle will start to die if not restored. This is a heart attack.
Don�t ignore any of these symptoms, especially if they are excruciating or last longer than five minutes. Immediate medical treatment is necessary.
Symptoms of CAD for women
Women may also experience the above symptoms, but they�re also more likely to have:
nausea
vomiting
back pain
jaw pain
shortness of breath without feeling chest pain
Men have a higher risk
of developing heart disease than women, however.
Due to decreased blood flow, your heart may also:
become weak
develop abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia) or rates
fail to pump as much blood as your body needs
Your doctor will detect these heart abnormalities during diagnosis.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, causes of coronary artery disease?
Answer: The most common cause of CAD is a vascular injury with cholesterol plaque buildup in the arteries, known as atherosclerosis. Reduced blood flow occurs when one or more of these arteries becomes partially or completely blocked.
Other rare causes of damage or blockage to a coronary artery also limit blood flow to the heart.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease risk factors?
Answer: Understanding the risk factors for CAD can help with your plan to prevent or decrease the likelihood of developing the disease.
Risk factors include:
high blood pressure
high blood cholesterol levels
tobacco smoking
insulin resistance/hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus
obesity
inactivity
unhealthy eating habits
obstructive sleep apnea
emotional stress
excessive alcohol consumption
history of preeclampsia during pregnancy
The risk for CAD also increases with age. Based on age alone as a risk factor, men have a greater risk for the disease beginning at age 45 and women have a greater risk beginning at age 55. The risk for coronary artery disease is also higher if you have a family history of the disease.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease diagnosis?
Answer: Diagnosing CAD requires a review of your medical history, a physical examination, and other medical testing. These tests include:
Electrocardiogram: This test monitors electrical signals that travel through your heart. It may help your doctor determine whether you�ve had a heart attack.
Echocardiogram: This imaging test uses ultrasound waves to create a picture of your heart. The results of this test reveal whether certain things in your heart are functioning properly.
Stress test: This particular test measures the stress on your heart during physical activity and while at rest. The test monitors your heart�s electrical activity while you walk on a treadmill or ride a stationary bike. Nuclear imaging or echocardiographic imaging may also be performed for a portion of this test. For those unable to perform physical exercise, certain medications can be used instead for stress testing.
Cardiac catheterization (left heart catheterization): During this procedure, your doctor injects a special dye into your coronary arteries through a catheter inserted through an artery in your groin or wrist. The dye helps enhance the radiographic image of your coronary arteries to identify any blockages.
Heart CT scan: Your doctor may use this imaging test to check for calcium deposits in your arteries.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, coronary artery disease anatomy?
Answer: The four primary coronary arteries are located on the surface of the heart:
right main coronary artery
left main coronary artery
left circumflex artery
left anterior descending artery
These arteries bring oxygen and nutrient-rich blood to your heart. Your heart is a muscle that�s responsible for pumping blood throughout your body and needs oxygen all the time. A healthy heart moves approximately 3,000 gallons of blood through your body every day.
Like any other organ or muscle, your heart must receive an adequate, dependable supply of blood in order to carry out its work. Reduced blood flow to your heart can cause symptoms of CAD.
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, what is the treatment for cad??
Answer: It�s important to reduce or control your risk factors and seek treatment to lower the chance of a heart attack or stroke if you�re diagnosed with CAD.
Treatment also depends on your current health condition, risk factors, and overall wellbeing. For example, your doctor may prescribe medication therapy to treat high cholesterol or high blood pressure, or you may receive medication to control blood sugar if you have diabetes.
Medications are the most common treatment for CAD. Learn more here.
Lifestyle changes can also reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke. For example:
quit smoking tobacco
reduce or stop your consumption of alcohol
exercise regularly
lose weight to a healthy level
eat a healthy diet (low in saturated fat, sodium, and added sugar)
If your condition doesn�t improve with lifestyle changes and medication, your doctor may recommend a procedure to increase blood flow to your heart. These procedures may be:
balloon angioplasty: to widen blocked arteries and smoosh down the plaque buildup, usually performed with insertion of a stent to help keep the lumen open after the procedure
coronary artery bypass graft surgery: to restore blood flow to the heart in open chest surgery
enhanced external counterpulsation: to stimulate the formation of new small blood vessels to naturally bypass clogged arteries in a noninvasive procedure
Disease: coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease
Question: for coronary arteriosclerosis or coronary heart disease, what is the outlook for cad??
Answer: Everyone�s outlook for CAD is different. You have better chances of preventing extensive damage to your heart the earlier you can start your treatment or implement lifestyle changes.
It is important to follow your doctor�s instructions. Take medications as directed and make the recommended lifestyle changes. If you have a higher risk for CAD, you can help to prevent the disease by reducing your risk factors.
Disease: pneumonia
Question: what is pneumonia? Tell me about pneumonia? What kind of disease is pneumonia? Can you elaborate on pneumonia? What can you tell me about pneumonia? Could you describe what pneumonia is? I�d like to know more about pneumonia. Can you help? What information do you have on pneumonia? Could you provide information on pneumonia?
Answer: Pneumonia is an infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It leads to inflammation in the air sacs of one or both lungs. These sacs, called alveoli, fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe.
Both viral and bacterial pneumonia is contagious. This means they can spread from person to person through inhalation of airborne droplets from a sneeze or cough.
You can also get these types of pneumonia by coming into contact with surfaces or objects that are contaminated with pneumonia-causing bacteria or viruses.
You can contract fungal pneumonia from the environment. It does not spread from person to person.
Pneumonia is further classified according to where or how it was acquired:
Walking pneumonia is a milder case of pneumonia. People with walking pneumonia may not even know they have pneumonia. Their symptoms may feel more like a mild respiratory infection than pneumonia. However, walking pneumonia may require a longer recovery period.
The symptoms of walking pneumonia can include things like:
Viruses and bacteria, like Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae, often cause pneumonia. However, in walking pneumonia, the bacteria Mycoplasma pneumoniae most commonly causes the condition.
Pneumonia may be classified based off the area of the lungs it�s affecting:
Bronchopneumonia can affect areas throughout both of your lungs. It�s often localized close to or around your bronchi. These are the tubes that lead from your windpipe to your lungs.
Lobar pneumonia affects one or more lobes of your lungs. Each lung is made of lobes, which are defined sections of the lung.
Lobar pneumonia can be further divided into four stages based off how it�s progressed:
Disease: pneumonia
Question: for pneumonia, symptoms?
Answer: Pneumonia symptoms can be mild to life threatening. They can include:
coughing that may produce phlegm (mucus)
fever
sweating or chills
shortness of breath that happens while doing normal activities, or even while resting
chest pain that�s worse when you breathe or cough
feelings of tiredness or fatigue
loss of appetite
nausea or vomiting
headaches
Other symptoms can vary according to your age and general health:
Infants may appear to have no symptoms, but sometimes they may vomit, lack energy, or have trouble drinking or eating.
Children under 5 years old may have fast breathing or wheezing.
Older adults may have milder symptoms. They can also experience confusion or a lower-than-normal body temperature.
Disease: pneumonia
Question: for pneumonia, causes?
Answer: Pneumonia happens when germs get into your lungs and cause an infection. The immune system�s reaction to clear the infection results in inflammation of the lung�s air sacs (alveoli). This inflammation can eventually cause the air sacs to fill up with pus and liquids, causing pneumonia symptoms.
Several types of infectious agents can cause pneumonia, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi.
Bacterial pneumonia
The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae. Other causes include:
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenzae
Legionella pneumophila
Viral pneumonia
Respiratory viruses are often the cause of pneumonia. Examples of viral infections that can cause pneumonia include:
influenza (flu)
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
rhinoviruses (common cold)
human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infection
human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infection
measles
chickenpox (varicella-zoster virus)
adenovirus infection
coronavirus infection
SARS-CoV-2 infection (the virus that causes COVID-19)
Although the symptoms of viral and bacterial pneumonia are very similar, viral pneumonia is usually milder. It can improve in 1 to 3 weeks without treatment.
According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
, people with viral pneumonia are at risk of developing bacterial pneumonia.
Fungal pneumonia
Fungi from soil or bird droppings can cause pneumonia. They most often cause pneumonia in people with weakened immune systems. Examples of fungi that can cause pneumonia include:
Pneumocystis jirovecii
Cryptococcus species
Histoplasmosis species
Risk factors
Anyone can get pneumonia, but certain groups do have a higher risk. These groups include:
infants from birth to 2 years old
people ages 65 and older
people with weakened immune systems due to:
pregnancy
HIV
the use of certain medications, such as steroids or certain cancer drugs
people with certain chronic medical conditions, such as:
asthma
cystic fibrosis
diabetes
COPD
heart failure
sickle cell disease
liver disease
kidney disease
people who�ve been recently or are currently hospitalized, particularly if they were or are on a ventilator
people who�ve had a brain disorder, which can affect the ability to swallow or cough, such as:
stroke
head injury
dementia
Parkinson�s disease
people who�ve been regularly exposed to lung irritants, such as air pollution and toxic fumes, especially on the job
people who live in a crowded living environment, such as a prison or nursing home
people who smoke, which makes it more difficult for the body to get rid of mucus in the airways
people who use drugs or drink heavy amounts of alcohol, which weakens the immune system and increases the odds of inhaling saliva or vomit into the lungs due to sedation
Disease: pneumonia
Question: for pneumonia, diagnosis?
Answer: Your doctor will start by taking your medical history. They�ll ask you questions about when your symptoms first appeared and your health in general.
They�ll then give you a physical exam. This will include listening to your lungs with a stethoscope for any abnormal sounds, such as crackling.
Depending on the severity of your symptoms and your risk of complications, your doctor may also order one or more of these tests:
Chest X-ray
An X-ray helps your doctor look for signs of inflammation in your chest. If inflammation is present, the X-ray can also inform your doctor about its location and extent.
Blood culture
This test uses a blood sample to confirm an infection. Culturing can also help identify what may be causing your condition.
Sputum culture
During a sputum culture, a sample of mucus is collected after you�ve coughed deeply. It�s then sent to a lab to be analyzed to identify the cause of the infection.
Pulse oximetry
A pulse oximetry measures the amount of oxygen in your blood. A sensor placed on one of your fingers can indicate whether your lungs are moving enough oxygen through your bloodstream.
CT scan
CT scans provide a clearer and more detailed picture of your lungs.
Fluid sample
If your doctor suspects there�s fluid in the pleural space of your chest, they may take a fluid sample using a needle placed between your ribs. This test can help identify the cause of your infection.
Bronchoscopy
A bronchoscopy looks into the airways in your lungs. It does this using a camera on the end of a flexible tube that�s gently guided down your throat and into your lungs.
Your doctor may do this test if your initial symptoms are severe, or if you�re hospitalized and not responding well to antibiotics.
If you need help finding a primary care doctor, then check out our FindCare tool here.
Disease: pneumonia
Question: for pneumonia, treatment?
Answer: Your treatment will depend on the type of pneumonia you have, how severe it is, and your general health.
Prescription medications
Your doctor may prescribe a medication to help treat your pneumonia. What you�re prescribed will depend on the specific cause of your pneumonia.
Oral antibiotics can treat most cases of bacterial pneumonia. Always take your entire course of antibiotics, even if you begin to feel better. Not doing so can prevent the infection from clearing, and it may be harder to treat in the future.
Antibiotic medications don�t work on viruses. In some cases, your doctor may prescribe an antiviral. However, many cases of viral pneumonia clear on their own with at-home care.
Antifungal medications are used to treat fungal pneumonia. You may have to take this medication for several weeks to clear the infection.
OTC medications
Your doctor may also recommend over-the-counter (OTC) medications to relieve your pain and fever, as needed. These may include:
aspirin
ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
acetaminophen (Tylenol)
Your doctor may also recommend cough medicine to calm your cough so you can rest. Keep in mind coughing helps remove fluid from your lungs, so you don�t want to eliminate it entirely.
Home remedies
Although home remedies don�t actually treat pneumonia, there are some things you can do to help ease symptoms.
Coughing is one of the most common symptoms of pneumonia. Natural ways to relieve a cough include gargling salt water or drinking peppermint tea.
Cool compresses can work to relieve a fever. Drinking warm water or having a nice warm bowl of soup can help with chills. Here are more home remedies to try.
You can help your recovery and prevent a recurrence by getting a lot of rest and drinking plenty of fluids.
Although home remedies can help ease symptoms, it�s important to stick to your treatment plan. Take any prescribed medications as directed.
Hospitalization
If your symptoms are very severe or you have other health problems, you may need to be hospitalized. At the hospital, doctors can keep track of your heart rate, temperature, and breathing. Hospital treatment may include:
antibiotics injected into a vein
respiratory therapy, which involves delivering specific medications directly into the lungs, or teaching you to perform breathing exercises to maximize your oxygenation
oxygen therapy to maintain oxygen levels in your bloodstream (received through a nasal tube, face mask, or ventilator, depending on severity)