falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, pancytopenia causes and risk factors?
Answer: Pancytopenia starts because of a problem with your bone marrow. This spongy tissue inside bones is where blood cells are produced. Diseases and exposure to certain drugs and chemicals can lead to this bone marrow damage.
You�re more likely to develop pancytopenia if you have one of these conditions:
cancers that affect the bone marrow, such as:
leukemia
multiple myeloma
Hodgkin�s or non-Hodgkin�s lymphoma
myelodysplastic syndromes
megaloblastic anemia, a condition in which your body produces larger-than-normal, immature red blood cells and you have a low red blood cell count
aplastic anemia, a condition in which your body stops making enough new blood cells
paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, a rare blood disease that causes red blood cells to be destroyed
viral infections, such as:
Epstein-Barr virus, which causes mononucleosis
cytomegalovirus
HIV
hepatitis
malaria
sepsis (a blood infection)
diseases that damage bone marrow, such as Gaucher disease
damage from chemotherapy or radiation treatments for cancer
exposure to chemicals in the environment, such as radiation, arsenic, or benzene
bone marrow disorders that run in families
vitamin deficiencies, such as lack of vitamin B-12 or folate
enlargement of your spleen, known as splenomegaly
liver disease
excess alcohol use that damages your liver
autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus
In about half of all cases, doctors can�t find a cause for pancytopenia. This is called idiopathic pancytopenia.
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, complications caused by pancytopenia?
Answer: Complications from pancytopenia stem from a lack of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These problems can include:
excess bleeding if platelets are affected
increased risk for infections if white blood cells are affected
Severe pancytopenia can be life-threatening.
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, how pancytopenia is diagnosed?
Answer: If your doctor suspects you have pancytopenia, they�ll likely recommend that you see a hematologist � a specialist who treats blood diseases. This specialist will want to learn your family history and personal medical history. During the exam, the doctor will ask about your symptoms and look at your ears, nose, throat, mouth, and skin.
The doctor will also do a complete blood count (CBC). This test measures the amount of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in your blood. If the CBC is abnormal, you might need a peripheral blood smear. This test places a drop of your blood on a slide to look at the different types of blood cells it contains.
To look for a problem with your bone marrow, your doctor will likely do a bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. In this test, your doctor uses a needle to remove a small amount of liquid and tissue from inside your bone that can then be tested and examined in a lab.
Your doctor might also do separate tests to look for the cause of pancytopenia. These tests can include blood tests to check for infections or leukemia. You might also need a CT scan or other imaging test to look for cancer or other problems with your organs.
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, treatment options?
Answer: Your doctor will treat the problem that caused pancytopenia. This might include taking you off a medicine or stopping your exposure to a certain chemical. If your immune system is attacking your bone marrow, you�ll get medicine to dampen your body�s immune response.
Treatments for pancytopenia include:
drugs to stimulate blood cell production in your bone marrow
blood transfusions to replace red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
antibiotics to treat an infection
a bone marrow transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, which replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells that rebuild bone marrow
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, outlook?
Answer: The outlook for pancytopenia depends on what disease caused the condition and how your doctor treats it. If a drug or chemical caused pancytopenia, it should get better within a week after you stop the exposure. Some conditions, like cancer, will take longer to treat.
Disease: pancytopenia
Question: for pancytopenia, prevention of pancytopenia?
Answer: Some causes of pancytopenia, like cancer or inherited bone marrow diseases, aren�t preventable. You may be able to prevent certain types of infection with good hygiene practices and by avoiding contact with anyone who is sick. You can also avoid chemicals that are known to cause this condition.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: what is cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? Tell me about cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? What kind of disease is cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? Can you elaborate on cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? What can you tell me about cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? Could you describe what cholelithiasis or biliary calculus is? I�d like to know more about cholelithiasis or biliary calculus. Can you help? What information do you have on cholelithiasis or biliary calculus? Could you provide information on cholelithiasis or biliary calculus?
Answer: Gallstones are deposits of digestive fluid made of solidified substances found in bile, like cholesterol. They are common and may or may not produce symptoms. People with symptoms usually need to have their gallbladders taken out.
Read on to learn more about gallstones, the symptoms they can cause, and how to treat them.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, what are gallstones??
Answer: Your gallbladder is a small organ in your upper right abdomen, right below your liver. It�s a pouch that stores bile, a green-yellow liquid that helps digestion. Issues with your gallbladder typically occur when something is blocking its bile duct�like a gallstone.
Most gallstones are created when substances found in bile, like cholesterol, harden. Gallstones are very common and routinely asymptomatic.
However, about 10 percent
of people who are diagnosed with gallstones will develop noticeable symptoms within 5 years.
Photo: Bruce Blaus | Wikimedia Commons | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallstones.png
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, signs and symptoms of gallstones?
Answer: Gallstones can lead to pain in the upper right abdomen or the center of your stomach. You may experience gallbladder pain from time to time after you eat foods that are high in fat, such as fried foods, but the pain can occur at almost any time.
Pain caused by gallstone issues usually lasts for only a few hours, but it can feel severe.
If gallstones are left untreated or unidentified, the symptoms may increase to include:
a high temperature
rapid heartbeat
yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice)
itchy skin
diarrhea
chills
confusion
a loss of appetite
These symptoms can be signs of a gallbladder infection, or inflammation of the gallbladder, liver, or pancreas.
Because gallstone symptoms may mimic the symptoms of other serious issues like appendicitis and pancreatitis, no matter what, if you�re dealing with one or more of these issues � it�s time to see a doctor or get yourself to the ER.
If you need help finding a urologist, then check out our FindCare tool here.
Asymptomatic gallstones
Gallstones themselves don�t cause pain. Rather, pain occurs when gallstones block the movement of bile from the gallbladder.
According to the American College of Gastroenterology, about 80 percent of people who have gallstones have �silent gallstones.� This means they don�t experience pain or have symptoms. In these cases, your doctor may discover the gallstones from X-rays or during abdominal surgery.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, causes?
Answer: The actual cause of gallstones is thought to be due to a chemical imbalance of bile inside of the gallbladder. While researchers still aren�t clear about what exactly causes that imbalance to happen, there are a few possible reasons:
Too much cholesterol in your bile
Having too much cholesterol in your bile can lead to yellow cholesterol stones. These hard stones may develop if your liver makes more cholesterol than your bile can dissolve.
Too much bilirubin in your bile
Bilirubin is a chemical produced during the normal breakdown of red blood cells. After it�s created, it passes through the liver and is eventually excreted out of the body.
Some conditions, such as liver damage and certain blood disorders, cause your liver to produce more bilirubin than it should. Pigment gallstones form when your gallbladder can�t break down the excess bilirubin. These hard stones are often dark brown or black.
Concentrated bile due to a full gallbladder
Your gallbladder needs to be able to empty its bile to function properly. If it fails to empty its bile content, the bile becomes overly concentrated, which can cause stones to form.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, treatment?
Answer: Most of the time, you won�t need treatment for gallstones unless they cause you pain. Sometimes you can pass gallstones without even noticing. If you�re in pain, your doctor will likely recommend surgery. In rare cases, medication may be used.
If you�re at high risk for surgery complications, there are a few nonsurgical ways to attempt to treat gallstones. However, if surgery isn�t performed, your gallstones may come back � even with additional treatment. This means you may need to keep an eye on your condition for the majority of your life.
Surgery
Cholecystectomy, which is surgery to remove the gallbladder, is one of the most common operations
performed on adults in the United States. Because the gallbladder isn�t an essential organ, it�s possible to live a healthy life without it.
There are two types of cholecystectomy:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy. This is a common surgery that requires general anesthesia. The surgeon will usually make three or four incisions in your abdomen. They�ll then insert a small, lighted device into one of the incisions, check for stones, and carefully remove your gallbladder. You can usually go home on the day of the procedure or the day after if you have no complications.
Open cholecystectomy.This surgery is typically performed when the gallbladder is inflamed, infected, or scarred. This surgery may also happen if problems occur during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
You may experience loose or watery stools after gallbladder removal. Removing a gallbladder involves rerouting the bile from the liver to the small intestine. Bile no longer goes through the gallbladder and it becomes less concentrated. The immediate result is a laxative effect that can cause diarrhea, but this issue should resolve on its own for most people.
Nonsurgical treatments
If surgery can�t be performed, such as if the patient is a much older individual, there are a few other ways doctors can try to get rid of your gallstones.
Oral dissolution therapy typically includes using the medications ursodiol (Actigall) and chenodiol (Chenix) to break up gallstones. These medications contain bile acids, which work to break up the stones. This treatment is best suited for breaking up cholesterol stones and can take many months or years to work completely.
Shock wave lithotripsy is another option. A lithotripter is a machine that generates shock waves that pass through a person. These shock waves can break gallstones into smaller pieces.
Percutaneous drainage of the gallbladder involves placing a sterile needle into the gallbladder to aspirate (draw out) bile. A tube is then inserted to help with additional drainage. This procedure isn�t typically a first line of defense and tends to be an option for individuals who may not be suited for other procedures.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, risk factors for gallstones?
Answer: Some risk factors for gallstones are related to diet, while other factors are not as controllable. Uncontrollable risk factors are things like age, race, sex, and family history.
Lifestyle risk factors
living with obesity
a diet high in fat or cholesterol and low in fiber
undergoing rapid weight loss
living with type 2 diabetes
Genetic risk factors
being born female
being of Native American or Mexican descent
having a family history of gallstones
being 60 years or older
Medical risk factors
living with cirrhosis
being pregnant
taking certain medications to lower cholesterol
taking medications with a high estrogen content (like certain birth controls)
While some medications may increase your risk of gallstones, don�t stop taking them unless you have discussed it with your doctor and have their approval.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, diagnosis?
Answer: Your doctor will perform a physical examination that includes checking your eyes and skin for visible changes in color. A yellowish tint may be a sign of jaundice, the result of too much bilirubin in your body.
The exam may involve using diagnostic tests that help your doctor see inside your body. These tests include:
Ultrasound. An ultrasound produces images of your abdomen. It�s the preferred imaging method to confirm that you have gallstone disease. It can also show abnormalities associated with acute cholecystitis.
Abdominal CT scan. This imaging test takes pictures of your liver and abdominal region.
Gallbladder radionuclide scan. This important scan takes about one hour to complete. A specialist injects a radioactive substance into your veins. The substance travels through your blood to the liver and gallbladder. On a scan, it can reveal evidence to suggest infection or blockage of the bile ducts from stones.
Blood tests. Your doctor may order blood tests that measure the amount of bilirubin in your blood. The tests also help determine how well your liver is functioning.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, diet and foods to eat in moderation?
Answer: To help improve your condition and reduce your risk of gallstones, try these tips:
Eat fewer refined carbs (like cookies and white bread) and less sugar.
Increase your intake of healthy fats, like fish oil and olive oil, which may help your gallbladder contract and empty on a regular basis.
Eat the proper amount of fiber per day (women need about 25 grams a day, men need about 38 grams a day).
Get some sort of physical activity every day.
Keep yourself properly hydrated.
If you plan to lose weight, do it slowly. Rapid weight loss may increase your risk of gallstones and other health problems.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, prevention?
Answer: While there is no foolproof way to completely prevent gallstones, cholesterol seems to play a major role in their formation. If you have a family history of gallstones, your doctor may advise you to limit foods with a high saturated fat content. Some of these foods include:
fatty meat, like sausage and bacon
cakes and cookies
lard and cream
certain cheeses
Because people living with obesity are more predisposed to gallstones, keeping your weight within a moderate range is another way to limit the possibility of their formation.
Disease: cholelithiasis or biliary calculus
Question: for cholelithiasis or biliary calculus, long-term outlook?
Answer: If your doctor has diagnosed you with gallstones and decides you need surgery to remove them or your gallbladder, the outlook is often positive. In most cases of stone removal, stones don�t return.
If you aren�t able to have surgery and decide to take medication to dissolve the stones, the gallstones can return, so you and your doctor will need to monitor your progress.
If your gallstones aren�t causing symptoms, you will most likely not need to do anything. Still, you may want to make lifestyle changes to prevent them from getting bigger and causing problems.
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: what is tachycardia sinus? Tell me about tachycardia sinus? What kind of disease is tachycardia sinus? Can you elaborate on tachycardia sinus? What can you tell me about tachycardia sinus? Could you describe what tachycardia sinus is? I�d like to know more about tachycardia sinus. Can you help? What information do you have on tachycardia sinus? Could you provide information on tachycardia sinus?
Answer: Sinus tachycardia refers to a faster-than-usual heart rhythm. It can occur with exercise, anxiety, or stress, but it can sometimes signal an underlying health condition.
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, what is sinus tachycardia??
Answer: Sinus tachycardia refers to a faster-than-typical heart rhythm.
Your heart has a natural pacemaker called the sinus node, which generates electrical impulses that move through your heart muscle and cause it to contract, or beat. When these electrical impulses are transmitted normally, it�s referred to as normal sinus rhythm. Normal sinus rhythm typically results in a heart rate of 60 to 100
beats per minute.
Sometimes, these electrical impulses are sent out faster than this typical rhythm, causing sinus tachycardia. This results in a heart rate of over 100
beats per minute. However, this is usually a temporary response and may only be concerning if tachycardia persists during times of rest.
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, inappropriate sinus tachycardia?
Answer: If you have sinus tachycardia with no known cause, it�s called inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST). This can cause an inexplicably fast heart rate even while you�re resting.
In addition to rapid heart rate, IST can cause:
shortness of breath
chest pain
dizziness or fainting
headaches
trouble exercising
anxiety
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, what causes sinus tachycardia??
Answer: In some situations, sinus tachycardia can be completely natural. For example, a fast heart rate is expected during strenuous exercise or after being startled.
Other causes of sinus tachycardia may include:
anxiety or emotional distress
fever
some medications, such as those used in allergy or mental health treatment
pain
stimulants, such as caffeine or nicotine
recreational drugs, such as cocaine
Other potential but less common causes of sinus tachycardia may include the following underlying health conditions:
anemia
an infection
damage to your heart muscle, such as from a previous heart attack
hyperthyroidism
low blood pressure
lung disease
pulmonary embolism
severe bleeding
Doctors aren�t sure about the exact cause of IST, but it likely involves a combination of factors. These may include:
a problem with your sinus node
unusual nerve signaling that causes your heart rate to increase
dysfunction of the nerves that work to lower your heart rate
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, sinus tachycardia symptoms?
Answer: In most cases
, sinus tachycardia is asymptomatic (you don�t feel any symptoms). However, it�s possible to experience the following symptoms related to this condition:
heart palpitations
chest pain
dizziness or lightheadedness
fainting
breathing difficulties
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, sinus tachycardia treatment?
Answer: Occasional sinus tachycardia from exercise and other factors that cause short-term increases in your heart rate generally don�t require treatment. However, a doctor may consider treatment if you have a consistently higher heart rate than typical, especially during times of rest.
First, a doctor will need to determine the underlying cause of sinus tachycardia before prescribing treatment. Depending on how fast your heart rate is, a doctor might prescribe beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers to lower your heart rate.
In severe cases that don�t respond to medication or lifestyle changes, you may need a cardiac ablation procedure. This involves using energy to destroy a tiny part of the heart tissue in the area causing tachycardia.
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, how is sinus tachycardia diagnosed??
Answer: To diagnose sinus tachycardia, a doctor may order tests to measure how your heart is working. These may include:
an electrocardiogram (EKG), which measures electrical activity in your heart
a Holter monitor, which measures your heart rate over 24 hours
chest X-rays
pulse oximetry
blood testing for cardiac enzymes, glucose, and complete blood count (CBC)
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, how can i prevent sinus tachycardia??
Answer: Preventing sinus tachycardia may depend on treating any underlying causes.
For example, if you have hyperthyroidism and it�s causing a higher-than-typical heart rate, then treating your overactive thyroid gland may help prevent sinus tachycardia.
In other cases, you may be able to prevent sinus tachycardia with certain lifestyle changes. You may consider talking with a doctor to see if the following strategies may help:
limiting caffeine intake
limiting or avoiding alcohol
quitting smoking, if you smoke
participating in an exercise program
eating a heart-healthy diet
achieving or maintaining a moderate weight
managing stress
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, outlook?
Answer: Sinus tachycardia is an increase in your heart rate. In many cases, it�s a sign of something simple, such as vigorous exercise or having too much caffeine. Such cases are usually temporary and may resolve on their own. In the case of IST, however, there�s no known cause.
If you have IST, a doctor will work closely with you to determine a treatment plan. Treatment will likely involve a combination of medications and lifestyle changes. These may help prevent possible complications, such as cardiomyopathy or cardiac arrest.
Disease: tachycardia sinus
Question: for tachycardia sinus, the bottom line?
Answer: Sinus tachycardia is a faster-than-typical heart rhythm. It may occur with exercise, anxiety, or stress.
IST refers to sinus tachycardia with no known cause that can occur even when resting.
Underlying health issues, such as infections, lung disease, or conditions like pulmonary embolism, can cause sinus tachycardia.
Disease: ileus
Question: what is ileus? Tell me about ileus? What kind of disease is ileus? Can you elaborate on ileus? What can you tell me about ileus? Could you describe what ileus is? I�d like to know more about ileus. Can you help? What information do you have on ileus? Could you provide information on ileus?
Answer: Your intestines are about 28 feet long. This means the foods you eat have a long way to travel before they�re fully digested and excreted.
Your intestines complete this task using muscle contractions that move in a wave-like motion. Known as peristalsis, these muscle contractions move your digested food forward.
However, if something such as muscle or nerve problems slows down or blocks this motion, the result can be a major traffic jam in your intestines.
Ileus is the medical term for this lack of movement somewhere in the intestines that leads to a buildup and potential blockage of food material.
An ileus can lead to an intestinal obstruction. This means no food material, gas, or liquids can get through.
It can occur as a side effect after surgery. However, there are other causes of this condition.
An ileus is a serious concern. However, people with an ileus often don�t know that food is building up in their intestines, so they continue to eat. This pushes more and more material toward the buildup.
Without treatment, the ileus can perforate or tear the intestine. This causes bowel contents � which have high levels of bacteria � to leak into areas of your body cavity. This can be deadly.
If an ileus does occur, it�s important to get treatment as quickly as possible.