falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, how is diabetic ketoacidosis treated??
Answer: The treatment for DKA usually involves a combination of approaches to normalize blood sugar and insulin levels.
If you receive a diagnosis of DKA but haven�t yet received a diagnosis of diabetes, your doctor will create a diabetes treatment plan to keep ketoacidosis from recurring.
Infection can increase the risk of DKA. If your DKA is a result of an infection or illness, your doctor will treat that as well, usually with antibiotics.
Fluid replacement
At the hospital, your physician will likely give you intravenous (IV) fluids to help your body rehydrate. During a DKA event, you usually lose a lot of fluids, which can reduce the amount of blood flowing through your body.
Fluid replacement helps restore typical blood flow. It also helps treat dehydration, which can cause even higher blood sugar levels.
Electrolyte replacement
When your insulin levels are too low, your body�s electrolytes can also become atypically low.
Electrolytes are electrically charged minerals that help your body, including the heart and nerves, function properly. Electrolyte replacement is also commonly done through an IV.
Insulin therapy
Insulin will likely be administered to you through an IV until your blood sugar level falls below 200 to 250 mg/dL
. The emergency care team will also monitor several other blood test results that indicate when insulin therapy is no longer needed.
When your blood sugar and other test readings are within an acceptable range, your doctor will work with you to help you avoid DKA in the future.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, what causes diabetic ketoacidosis??
Answer: DKA occurs when insulin levels are low. Our bodies need insulin to use the available glucose in the blood. In DKA, glucose can�t get into the cells, so it builds up, resulting in high blood sugar levels.
In response, the body starts breaking down fat into a useable fuel that doesn�t require insulin. Turning fat into energy produces ketones. When too many ketones build up, your blood becomes acidic. This is diabetic ketoacidosis.
The most common causes of DKA are:
missing an insulin injection or not injecting enough insulin
illness or infection
a clog in your insulin pump, if you use one
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, who is at risk for developing diabetic ketoacidosis??
Answer: Risk factors for DKA include:
having type 1 diabetes
being a younger age, as research suggests 63 percent of DKA cases happen in people below the age of 51
physiologic shock, a life threatening condition caused by interrupted blood flow
emotional or psychological stress
acute cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack or stroke
acute gastrointestical illness, such as pancreatitis
having an alcohol use or drug use disorder
having an eating disorder
certain endocrine conditions, such as Cushing syndrome and hyperthyroidism
recent surgery
pregnancy
Medications
Certain medications can increase the risk of DKA. These include:
some antipsychotic medications, such as clozapine (Clozaril), olanzapine (Zyprexa), and risperidone (Risperdal)
corticosteroids
thiazide diuretics
Ketosis-prone diabetes
Although DKA is less common in people who have type 2 diabetes, it does occur. Some people with type 2 diabetes are considered �ketosis-prone� and are at a higher risk of DKA. A diagnosis of ketosis-prone diabetes is more likely
for:
Black (African American, Afro Caribbean, and sub-Saharan African), Asian (Chinese, Indian, and Japanese), and Hispanic people
people who have overweight or obesity
people who are middle-aged
males
It�s best to talk with your doctor about your risk factors to make sure you have the right treatment plan in place.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, testing for ketones?
Answer: Testing for ketones is one of the first steps for diagnosing DKA. If you have type 1 diabetes, you should have a supply of home ketone tests. These test either your urine or your blood for the presence of ketones.
You can buy these in drug stores or online.
When to test
According to the American Diabetes Association, you should test for ketones:
if your blood glucose level is 240 mg/dL or higher
if you are sick
if you have any symptoms of DKA
Test your urine or blood every 4 to 6 hours.
How to test
Urine test strips change color to signal the presence of ketones in your urine. You�ll need to pee on the strip or dip the strip into the pee you�ve collected in a container. The indicator on the strip will change color. Compare the test strip to the results chart.
Blood ketone testers are also available. These are usually combination devices that can measure both glucose levels and ketone levels.
Similar to blood glucose testing, you�ll need to apply a small sample of blood to a test strip. The test strip is inserted into a monitor device to test for the presence of ketones in your blood.
A doctor or pharmacist can advise you on when and how to use your home ketone tests.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, how is diabetic ketoacidosis diagnosed??
Answer: A doctor will likely do a test to confirm the presence of ketones in your urine. They will usually also test your blood sugar level. Other tests your doctor may order include:
basic bloodwork, including potassium and sodium, to assess metabolic function
arterial blood gas, where blood is drawn from an artery to determine its acidity
blood pressure
electrocardiogram (ECG)
chest X-ray or other tests to look for signs of an infection, such as pneumonia
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, preventing diabetic ketoacidosis?
Answer: There are many ways to prevent DKA. Prevention means following your diabetes treatment plan carefully and taking some extra care when you�re sick.
Follow your treatment plan
You can lower your risk of DKA with proper management of your diabetes:
Take your medications as directed, even if you�re feeling fine.
Follow your meal plan.
Test your blood sugar consistently, as recommended by your doctor. This will help you get in the habit of making sure your numbers are in range. If you notice a problem, you can talk with your doctor about adjusting your treatment plan.
Talk with your doctor about adjusting your insulin dosage levels based on your activity level, illnesses, or other factors, such as what you�re eating.
If you have high blood sugar and your blood or urine test detects ketones, do not exercise. Exercising with high blood sugar can be dangerous when you have diabetes. It�s best to talk with your doctor about how to manage this situation.
Sometimes the cost of insulin can make it more difficult
to follow a diabetes treatment plan. Read more about how to access insulin at a reduced cost.
When you�re sick
Although you can�t completely avoid illness or infection, you can take steps to help you remember to take your insulin and to help prevent and plan for a DKA emergency.
A �sick day plan� can reduce the risk of DKA:
Test for ketone levels when you�re sick. This can help you catch mild to moderate ketone levels before they threaten your health.
Set an alarm if you take your medication at the same time every day, or use a reminder tool like a phone app.
Ask your doctor or pharmacist if it�s okay to prefill your syringe or syringes in the morning. That will help you easily see if you missed a dose.
Take the medications advised by your healthcare team to treat fever or infection.
Have soft or liquid foods available that are easier to eat if you become nauseous.
If there�s someone helping to care for you when you�re sick at home, make sure they have information about your diabetes treatment plan, including your medication and testing schedules.
Call your doctor if you detect moderate or high ketones in a home test. If you can�t reach your doctor and you suspect you may be progressing to DKA, get emergency help. Early detection is essential.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, takeaway?
Answer: DKA is serious, but it can be prevented. Follow your diabetes treatment plan and be proactive about your health.
Tell your doctor if something isn�t working for you or if you�re having trouble. They can adjust your treatment plan or help you come up with solutions for better managing your diabetes.
Read this article in Spanish.
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: what is tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? Tell me about tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? What kind of disease is tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? Can you elaborate on tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? What can you tell me about tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? Could you describe what tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures is? I�d like to know more about tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures. Can you help? What information do you have on tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures? Could you provide information on tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures?
Answer: Tonic seizures cause sudden stiffness and rigidity in your muscles. They typically last less than 1 minute.
Seizures are rapid bursts of electrical activity in your brain that can cause involuntary movement and a loss of awareness or consciousness. There are different classifications of seizures. These depend on factors like the part of your brain that�s affected and the symptoms the seizure causes.
Tonic seizures are characterized by sudden muscle stiffness in your limbs or torso. They can occur when you�re awake or asleep and usually last less than a minute
.
Anyone can have a seizure, but most people with recurrent seizures have a neurological condition known as epilepsy. Epilepsy exists on a spectrum. This means the type, frequency, and severity of seizures varies considerably between individuals.
About 11%
of people in the United States experience a seizure in their lifetime.
Read on to learn more about tonic seizures, including what causes them and how they differ from other types of seizures.
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, what are tonic seizures??
Answer: Your nervous system (which includes your brain) uses electrical impulses to send and receive messages throughout your body. Seizures are abnormal bursts of electrical activity that interfere with this system, causing disruptions that can lead to many different symptoms.
Tonic seizures cause sudden, temporary stiffness in your limbs and trunk. The name �tonic� comes from �muscle tone.� Your muscle tone is the stiffness of your muscles at rest.
During a tonic seizure, your muscles become stiff and rigid. If you�re standing, you may fall to the floor. These seizures are often brief and tend to occur during sleep.
Tonic seizures can be focal or generalized.
Focal seizures: These are caused by abnormal electrical activity that starts in one region of your brain.
Generalized seizures: These are caused by abnormal electrical activity in both sides of your brain.
Focal tonic seizures: These cause symptoms in one part of your body.
Generalized tonic seizures: These cause symptoms throughout your body.
Focal tonic seizures can spread and become generalized. When this happens, they�re called focal to bilateral tonic seizures.
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, tonic vs. tonic-clonic seizure?
Answer: Tonic-clonic seizures used to be called grand mal seizures. They�re the type of seizure many people think of when they think of epilepsy. A tonic-clonic seizure shares features of both tonic and clonic seizures.
Tonic-clonic seizures start with the tonic phase, where your muscles suddenly stiffen and twitch. It then enters the clonic stage, where you might lose consciousness or awareness of your surroundings.
Symptoms of seizures Tonic Clonic Tonic-clonic
Muscle stiffness yes no yes
Muscle twitching and jerking no yes yes
Awareness normal or slightly altered consciousness normal or slightly altered consciousness loss of consciousness
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, what does a tonic seizure look like??
Answer: If you witness someone having a tonic seizure, you may notice their arms or legs become stiff as a board. Their upper body may also straighten and become rigid. If they�re standing, they may fall to the floor and continue to appear stiff in one or more areas of their body.
Tonic seizures are generally brief. In a 2023 study
, researchers found that 95% of generalized tonic seizures lasted 3 to 36 seconds. They also found that 95% of focal tonic seizures lasted 2 to 148 seconds.
Half of generalized tonic seizures lasted less than 8.5 seconds and half of focal tonic seizures lasted less than 16.5 seconds.
How to help someone having a tonic seizure
Most seizures don�t require emergency medical attention. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, the best way to help somebody having any type of seizure is:
Stay with them until they�re fully awake.
Comfort them and speak calmly.
Check to see if they have a medical bracelet with emergency information.
Keep yourself and other people around you calm.
Help them sit in a safe place when the seizure is over and explain what happened.
Offer to help the person get home.
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Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, what happens after a tonic seizure??
Answer: The period after a seizure is called the postictal phase. It typically lasts between 5 and 30 minutes
. During this phase, the person may:
be confused
be drowsy
have high blood pressure
have a headache
be nauseous
Most of the time, it�s not necessary to get medical attention. But it�s important to call 911 or local emergency services
if somebody you�re with:
has a seizure that lasts longer than 5 minutes
doesn�t regain full consciousness
has their first seizure
has another seizure after their first one
has trouble breathing or walking after their seizure
has a seizure in water
has an underlying health condition such as pregnancy, heart disease, or diabetes
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, what causes tonic seizures??
Answer: Like other types of seizures, tonic seizures are caused by abnormal surges of electrical information in your brain. There are many potential causes of seizures. Focal tonic seizures are associated with the activation of a part of your brain called Brodmann area 6
.
Tonic seizures are often seen
in people who experienced hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy around birth. Hypoxic ischemic brain injuries happen because of a lack of oxygen in your brain.
It can also happen in people with intraventricular hemorrhage. Intraventricular hemorrhage is bleeding in the spaces that allow fluid to flow out of your brain.
According to the Epilepsy Foundation, tonic seizures are common among people who have Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and other types of epilepsy.
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a severe type of epilepsy that usually develops before 4 years of age
. It can be caused by:
brain malfunctions
tuberous sclerosis
lack of oxygen around birth (perinatal asphyxia)
severe head injury
brain infection
genetic conditions
In a 2019 case study
, researchers reported tonic seizures associated with autoimmune epilepsy.
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, how are seizure disorders diagnosed??
Answer: Seizure disorders are usually diagnosed by a type of specialist called a neurologist.
Bring a written description of what happens during your seizures. Or have someone take a video and bring that along for the doctor to review. This is an important part of the diagnosis process. A neurologist can use this information to narrow down which type of seizure you�re having.
A neurologist can run various tests to help find the underlying cause of your seizures. They�ll likely give you a test called an electroencephalogram (EEG). This test uses special sensors placed on your head to detect any unusual electrical activity in your brain.
A doctor may also recommend a brain scan to look for brain tumors or structural abnormalities in your brain.
Blood tests can help a doctor rule out genetic conditions or signs of infection.
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, how are tonic seizures treated??
Answer: The most common treatment for seizures is antiseizure medications. These drugs help control seizures in about 70% of people with epilepsy.
Many different types of medications are used to control seizures. You may need to try several different combinations of medications before finding one that�s effective.
Learn more about medications for seizures.
Other treatments for seizures can include:
vagus nerve stimulation
deep brain stimulation
dietary changes such as following a ketogenic diet
surgery
Disease: tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures
Question: for tonic-clonic epilepsy or tonic-clonic seizures, takeaway?
Answer: Tonic seizures are brief periods of sudden muscle stiffness caused by electrical changes in your brain. They usually last less than a minute and are associated with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and some other epileptic syndromes.
Tonic seizures are often controllable with medications. You may have to take several types of medication before finding one that successfully controls your seizures.
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: what is respiratory failure? Tell me about respiratory failure? What kind of disease is respiratory failure? Can you elaborate on respiratory failure? What can you tell me about respiratory failure? Could you describe what respiratory failure is? I�d like to know more about respiratory failure. Can you help? What information do you have on respiratory failure? Could you provide information on respiratory failure?
Answer: Signs of acute respiratory failure include dizziness, shortness of breath, and a bluish discoloration of your extremities. It can be life threatening and requires immediate medical care.
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, what is acute respiratory failure??
Answer: Acute respiratory failure occurs
when your lungs cannot release enough oxygen into your blood, which prevents your organs from properly functioning. It also occurs if your lungs cannot remove carbon dioxide from your blood.
Respiratory failure happens when the capillaries, or tiny blood vessels surrounding your air sacs, cannot properly exchange carbon dioxide and/or oxygen.
There are two types of respiratory failure: acute and chronic.
Acute respiratory failure happens suddenly. It occurs due to a disease or injury that interferes with the ability of the lungs to deliver oxygen or remove carbon dioxide. In most cases, acute respiratory failure can be fatal
if not treated quickly.
Chronic respiratory failure has multiple causes. It can occur when the airways narrow or become damaged over time. It can also occur with conditions that cause the respiratory muscles to weaken over time. Some causes of chronic respiratory failure include:
damaged and/or narrow airways, which can occur in conditions like:
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
bronchiectasis
asthma
cystic fibrosis
lung fibrosis, which can occur in conditions like:
pneumonia
interstitial lung disease
respiratory muscle weakness, which can occur with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, types of acute respiratory failure?
Answer: There are two types of acute and chronic respiratory failure: hypoxemic and hypercapnic. Both conditions can trigger serious complications, and they often occur together.
Hypoxemic respiratory failure, or hypoxemia, occurs when you do not have enough oxygen in your blood.
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, or hypercapnia, happens when there is too much carbon dioxide in your blood.
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, what are the symptoms of acute respiratory failure??
Answer: The symptoms of acute respiratory failure depend on its underlying cause. Symptoms can also differ by the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood.
People with low oxygen may experience
:
shortness of breath
a bluish coloration on lips, fingertips, or toes
drowsiness
difficulty performing routine activities, such as dressing or climbing stairs, due to extreme tiredness
People with high carbon dioxide levels may experience:
rapid breathing
confusion
blurred vision
headaches
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, what causes acute respiratory failure??
Answer: Acute respiratory failure has several causes:
Obstruction
When something lodges in your throat, you may have trouble getting enough oxygen into your lungs. Obstruction can also occur in people with COPD or asthma when an exacerbation causes the airways to narrow.
Injury
An injury that impairs or compromises your respiratory system can negatively affect the amount of oxygen or carbon dioxide in your blood.
For instance, a spinal cord or brain injury can immediately affect your breathing. If the brain cannot relay messages to the lungs, the lungs may not function properly.
Rib or chest injuries can also affect your breathing.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a serious condition that causes fluid to build up in your lungs. It results in low oxygen in the blood. People who develop ARDS typically have an underlying health condition, such as:
pneumonia
pancreatitis
sepsis
trauma to the head or chest
blood transfusions
near drowning
lung injuries related to inhaling smoke or chemical products
Drug or alcohol use
Experiencing a drug overdose or drinking too much alcohol can also impair brain function and hinder breathing.
Chemical inhalation
Inhaling toxic chemicals, smoke, or fumes can cause acute respiratory failure. These chemicals may injure or damage lung tissue, including the air sacs and capillaries.
Stroke
A stroke happens when something disrupts blood flow to the brain. Strokes often affect only one side of the brain.
Although strokes present with some warning signs, such as slurred speech or confusion, they typically occur suddenly. If you have a stroke, you can lose the ability to breathe.
Infection
Infections can cause respiratory distress. Pneumonia, in particular, may cause respiratory failure, even without ARDS.
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, who is at risk for acute respiratory failure??
Answer: You may be at risk for acute respiratory failure if you:
smoke tobacco products
drink alcohol excessively
have a family history of respiratory disease or conditions
have an injury to the spine, brain, or chest
have a compromised immune system
have chronic respiratory conditions, such as lung cancer, COPD, or asthma
Disease: respiratory failure
Question: for respiratory failure, diagnosing acute respiratory failure?
Answer: Acute respiratory failure requires immediate medical attention. You may require supplemental oxygen to help you breathe and prevent organ damage.
When you�re in stable condition, a doctor may diagnose you by:
performing a physical exam
asking questions about your personal or family health history
checking your body�s oxygen and carbon dioxide levels with a pulse oximetry device and an arterial blood gas test
ordering a chest X-ray of your lungs