falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: heart failure
Question: for heart failure, what are the risk factors for heart failure??
Answer: Heart failure can happen to anyone. However, certain factors may increase your risk of developing this condition.
There is a higher incidence of heart failure in men compared with women, though the prevalence is about the same for all sexes.
People with diseases that damage the heart are also at an increased risk. These conditions include:
hypertension
sleep apnea
diabetes
coronary artery disease
valve disease
anemia
hyperthyroidism
hypothyroidism
emphysema
Certain behaviors can also increase your risk of developing heart failure, including:
smoking
eating foods that are high in fat or cholesterol
not getting enough exercise
having overweight or obesity
Disease: heart failure
Question: for heart failure, how is heart failure diagnosed??
Answer: Physical exam
Your doctor may perform a physical exam to check for signs of heart failure. For instance, leg swelling, irregular heart rate, and bulging neck veins may lead your doctor to diagnose heart failure.
Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram is the most effective way to diagnose heart failure. It uses sound waves to create detailed pictures of your heart, which help your doctor evaluate the damage to your heart, the squeezing and relaxing function and determine the underlying causes of your condition.
Your doctor may use an echocardiogram along with other tests.
Other tests
chest X-ray This test can provide images of the heart and the surrounding organs.
heart MRI An MRI produces images of the heart without the use of radiation.
nuclear scan A very small dose of radioactive material is injected into your body to create images of the chambers of your heart.
catheterization or coronary angiogram In this type of X-ray exam, the doctor inserts a catheter into your blood vessel, usually in the groin or arm. They then guide it into the heart. This test can show how much blood is currently flowing through the heart.
stress exam During a stress exam, an EKG machine monitors your heart function while you run on a treadmill or perform another type of exercise.
Holter monitoring Electrode patches are placed on your chest and attached to a small machine called a Holter monitor for this test. The machine records the electrical activity of your heart for at least 24 to 48 hours.
BNP blood test A BNP test is done by drawing blood from a vein in your arm. This test can detect a rise in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) hormone, which can be an indication of heart failure.
Disease: heart failure
Question: for heart failure, how can you prevent heart failure??
Answer: Some lifestyle measures can help treat heart failure and prevent the condition from developing. Maintaining a moderate weight and exercising regularly can significantly decrease your risk of heart failure. Reducing the amount of salt in your diet can also lower your risk.
Other habits that may prevent heart failure include:
limiting alcohol intake
not smoking
avoiding high fat foods
getting the right amount of sleep
staying active
Disease: heart failure
Question: for heart failure, what are the complications of heart failure??
Answer: Untreated heart failure can eventually lead to congestive heart failure (CHF), a condition in which blood builds up in other areas of your body. In this potential life threatening condition, you may experience fluid retention in your limbs as well as in your organs, such as the liver and lungs.
Additional complications of heart failure can include:
stroke
thromboembolism
arrhythmias, like atrial fibrillation
kidney dysfunction
Heart attack
A heart attack may also occur because of a complication related to heart failure.
Call 911 or your local emergency services right away if you have these symptoms:
crushing chest pain
discomfort in the chest, such as squeezing or tightness
discomfort in the upper body, including numbness or a coldness
fatigue
dizziness
rapid heart rate
vomiting
nausea
cold sweats
Disease: heart failure
Question: for heart failure, the bottom line?
Answer: Heart failure is usually a long-term condition that requires ongoing treatment to prevent complications. When heart failure is left untreated, the heart can weaken so severely that it causes a life threatening complication.
It�s important to recognize that heart failure can happen to anyone. It�s important to take lifelong preventive measures for your heart health. Always contact your doctor if you suddenly have any new or unexplained symptoms that may indicate a problem with your heart.
Because heart failure is most often a chronic condition, your symptoms will likely get worse over time. Medications and surgeries can help relieve your symptoms, but such treatments may not help if you have a severe case of heart failure. In some cases, heart failure can be life threatening.
The outlook and treatment of heart failure varies depending on the type of heart failure you have. Early treatment is key in preventing the most serious cases of heart failure.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: what is pulmonary hypertension? Tell me about pulmonary hypertension? What kind of disease is pulmonary hypertension? Can you elaborate on pulmonary hypertension? What can you tell me about pulmonary hypertension? Could you describe what pulmonary hypertension is? I�d like to know more about pulmonary hypertension. Can you help? What information do you have on pulmonary hypertension? Could you provide information on pulmonary hypertension?
Answer: Cor pulmonale is a condition that happens when a respiratory disorder results in high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries (pulmonary hypertension). The name of the condition is in Latin and means �pulmonary heart.�
It�s also known as right-sided heart failure because it occurs within the right ventricle of your heart. Cor pulmonale causes the right ventricle to enlarge and pump blood less effectively than it should. The ventricle is then pushed to its limit and ultimately fails.
It�s possible to prevent this condition by controlling the high pressure of the blood going to the lungs. But untreated pulmonary hypertension can eventually lead to cor pulmonale along with other related, life-threatening complications.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, symptoms of cor pulmonale?
Answer: The symptoms of cor pulmonale may not be noticeable at first because they�re similar to the feelings you get after a hard workout. They include
:
shortness of breath
tiredness
an increased heart rate
lightheadedness
Over time, these symptoms will worsen and flare up even during periods of rest.
Tell your doctor immediately if you have any of the following symptoms:
chest pain
leg or feet swelling
fainting
excessive coughing
wheezing
excessive fatigue
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, treatment of cor pulmonale?
Answer: In order to treat cor pulmonale, your doctor will need to treat
the underlying cause.
Prescription medications can help decrease blood pressure and help encourage oxygen flow back into the lungs. Diuretics may also be used to get rid of fluid retention and keep your blood sodium levels down. You may also take blood thinners to prevent blood clots.
Severe or advanced cases of cor pulmonale require more aggressive treatments like a heart or lung transplant. In other cases, you may need to have oxygen therapy.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, causes of cor pulmonale?
Answer: The lungs depend on the heart to transport blood from the body to the lungs. Pulmonary hypertension occurs as a result of increased pressure in your lungs� arteries.
This increased pressure can then cause resistance in your heart�s right ventricle. It�s a result of having to overcome the high pressure in the lungs in order to force blood into them.
This increased pressure leads to cor pulmonale, and the result is ineffective transportation of blood to the lungs. This, in turn, will lead to decreased oxygen transport to the rest of the body.
Conditions or events that can cause this include:
pulmonary embolism
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
lung tissue damage
sleep apnea
cystic fibrosis
scleroderma
The most common cause of acute cor pulmonale is typically caused by a pulmonary embolism, which is a blood clot in the lungs. Chronic cor pulmonary most commonly results from COPD.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, diagnosing cor pulmonale?
Answer: Cor pulmonale is diagnosed with a physical exam and medical testing. Abnormal heart rhythms, fluid retention, and protruding neck veins during a physical exam can indicate the presence of increased pressure and the possibility of cor pulmonale.
Blood tests to detect brain natriuretic peptides, which are amino acids secreted from the heart when it is stressed, may also be ordered.
A doctor may also insert
a right heart catheter to determine if there�s any dysfunction in the right ventricle of your heart. This procedure is known as right heart catheterization or Swan-Ganz catheterization.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, exams and tests?
Answer: Beyond the diagnosis of cor pulmonary itself, the condition�s underlying cause needs to be discovered to provide the appropriate treatment.
Testing may include:
CT scans, which take images of parts of the body
An echocardiogram, which is like an ultrasound of your heart and helps your specialist to visualize the structures of your heart and identify any structural differences
chest X-rays, which take images of various parts of your chest
a lung scan, which is used to detect blood clots
lung function tests, which determine how well your lungs work
right heart catheterization
In rare cases, your doctor may also order a lung biopsy to see if any underlying tissue is damaged.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, complications of cor pulmonale?
Answer: If not treated promptly, cor pulmonale can lead to the following complications:
An enlarged pulmonary artery
thickening of the walls of the right ventricle of the heart
severe shortness of breath
severe excessive fluid in your body
shock
death
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, outlook for people with cor pulmonale?
Answer: The outlook for people with cor pulmonale ultimately depends on the management of pulmonary hypertension that results from the underlying cause.
Cor pulmonale can also cause difficulty breathing, and it is life-threatening when not treated.
Talk with your doctor if you notice any changes in how you feel, especially if you�re currently being treated for pulmonary hypertension. Your doctor may need to adjust your treatment plan to help prevent cor pulmonale.
Disease: pulmonary hypertension
Question: for pulmonary hypertension, lifestyle changes?
Answer: You can prevent cor pulmonale by taking care of your heart and lungs. Maintain a moderate weight, get regular exercise (when possible), and eat a well-balanced diet to avoid hypertension and heart disease.
Preventing the onset of lung disease may help prevent this condition. Avoiding smoking cigarettes can help reduce your risk of developing such an illness, which could damage your lungs and lead to cor pulmonale.
Disease: dysphagia
Question: what is dysphagia? Tell me about dysphagia? What kind of disease is dysphagia? Can you elaborate on dysphagia? What can you tell me about dysphagia? Could you describe what dysphagia is? I�d like to know more about dysphagia. Can you help? What information do you have on dysphagia? Could you provide information on dysphagia?
Answer: Some health conditions can make swallowing foods or liquids more difficult. Treatment can include therapy, medications, and dietary changes.
Swallowing difficulty is the inability to swallow foods or liquids with ease. People who have a hard time swallowing may choke on their food or liquid when trying to swallow. Dysphagia is the medical name for difficulty swallowing.
Dysphagia affects about 15 million people in the United States. About 1 in 25 people will experience dysphagia in their lives.
Difficulty swallowing doesn�t always indicate a medical condition. It may be temporary and go away on its own.
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, signs and symptoms of dysphagia?
Answer: If you think you may have dysphagia, there are certain symptoms that may be present along with difficulty swallowing.
They include:
drooling
hoarse voice
feeling like something is lodged in your throat
regurgitation
unexpected weight loss
heartburn
coughing or choking when swallowing
pain when swallowing
difficulty chewing solid foods
recurrent pneumonia
food may come out of the nose
These sensations may cause a person to:
avoid eating
skip meals
lose their appetite
Children who have difficulty swallowing when eating may:
refuse to eat certain foods
have food or liquid leaking from their mouths
regurgitate during meals
have trouble breathing when eating
lose weight without trying
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, how is swallowing difficulty diagnosed??
Answer: Talk with a doctor about your symptoms and when they began. Your doctor will do a physical examination and look in your mouth to check for abnormalities or swelling.
More specialized tests may be needed to find the exact cause.
Barium X-ray
A barium X-ray is often used to check the inside of the esophagus for abnormalities or blockages. During this examination, you will swallow liquid or a pill containing a dye that shows up on an abdominal X-ray.
The doctor or technician will look at the X-ray image as you swallow the liquid or pill to see how the esophagus functions. This will help them identify any weaknesses or abnormalities.
Video fluoroscopy
A videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation is a radiologic exam that uses a type of X-ray called fluoroscopy. This test is performed by a speech-language pathologist. It shows the oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal phases of the swallow.
During this examination, you�ll swallow a variety of consistencies, ranging from purees to solids and thin and thickened liquid. This process uses a radiopaque dye in the foods. This will show the ingestion of food and liquid into the trachea, or windpipe. Your medical team can use this information to diagnose muscle weakness and dysfunction.
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, functional endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (fees)?
Answer: This procedure assesses how well a person is able to swallow. This tool allows a doctor to test different food textures, fluid consistencies, and more. This will allow the doctor determine the severity of the swallowing issues and how to treat it.
Endoscopy
An endoscopy may be used to check all areas of your esophagus. During this examination, the doctor will insert a very thin flexible tube with a camera attachment down into your esophagus. This allows the doctor to see the esophagus in detail. It can also be done using a rigid tube, during which a doctor would use sedation. A doctor will often take biopsies during this procedure.
Manometry
Manometry is another invasive test that can be used to check the inside of your esophagus. More specifically, this test checks the pressure of the muscles in your throat when you swallow. The doctor will insert a tube into your esophagus to measure the pressure in your muscles when they contract.
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, treating swallowing difficulty?
Answer: Some swallowing difficulties can�t be prevented, and dysphagia treatment is necessary. A speech-language pathologist will perform a swallowing evaluation to diagnose your dysphagia. Once the evaluation is completed, the speech-language pathologist may recommend:
dietary changes
oropharyngeal swallowing exercises to strengthen muscles
alternative swallowing strategies
posture changes that you should follow while eating
However, if swallowing problems are persistent, they can result in malnutrition and dehydration, especially in the very young and in older adults.
Recurrent respiratory infections and aspiration pneumonia are also likely. All of these complications are serious and life threatening and must be treated definitively.
Various treatments may be prescribed depending on the medical condition causing swallowing difficulty:
Achalasia. If this is causing your swallowing problem, a procedure called esophageal dilation may be used to expand the esophagus. During this procedure, a small balloon is placed into the esophagus to widen it. The balloon is then removed.
Abnormal growths in the esophagus. Surgery may be necessary to remove them. Surgery may also be used to remove scar tissue.
Acid reflux or ulcers. You may be given prescription medication to treat these conditions and encouraged to follow a reflux diet.
Medications. If your swallowing difficulty is related to GERD, prescription oral medications can help reduce stomach acid. Corticosteroids might be recommended for eosinophilic esophagitis. For esophageal spasm, smooth muscle relaxants might help.
In severe cases or acute cases of swallowing difficulty, you may be admitted to the hospital. Treatments you may receive there include:
Feeding tube. You may receive enteral feeding, which is when you receive food through a tube that goes directly into the stomach and bypasses the esophagus.
Modified diets. A dietary change, such as a liquid diet, may be necessary to prevent dehydration and malnutrition until your swallowing difficulty improves.
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, types of dysphagia?
Answer: Swallowing occurs in four phases:
oral preparatory
oral
pharyngeal
esophageal
Swallowing difficulty can be broken down into two categories: oropharyngeal (which includes the first three phases) and esophageal.
Oropharyngeal
Oropharyngeal dysphagia is often caused by disorders of the nerves and muscles in the throat. These disorders weaken the muscles, making it difficult for a person to swallow without choking or gagging.
The causes of oropharyngeal dysphagia are conditions that primarily affect the nervous system, such as:
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Parkinson�s disease
nerve damage from surgery or radiation therapy
post-polio syndrome
It may also be caused by an obstruction in the upper throat, pharynx, or pharyngeal pouches that collect food.
Esophageal
Esophageal dysphagia is the feeling that something is stuck in your throat. This condition is caused by:
spasms in the lower esophagus, such as diffuse spasms or the inability of the esophageal sphincter to relax
tightness in the lower esophagus due to an intermittent narrowing of the esophageal ring
narrowing of the esophagus from growths or scarring
foreign bodies lodged in the esophagus or throat
esophageal webs
diverticula
extrinsic compression
a swelling or narrowing of the esophagus from inflammation or GERD
scar tissue in the esophagus due to chronic inflammation or post-radiation treatment
Disease: dysphagia
Question: for dysphagia, takeaway?
Answer: Dysphagia, the medical term for swallowing difficulty, can result from many different medical conditions or their treatments. It may be temporary or a lifelong condition.
People with dysphagia need to eat foods that have been carefully prepared so as not to present choking hazards. These can be fresh foods made into soft or pureed textures and cut into small bites, or special foods like thickened liquids or texture-modified foods.
Some people with dysphagia cannot take foods orally and must use a feeding tube. The good news is that many cases of dysphagia are temporary, and a wide variety of treatments are available.
Disease: Pneumocystis pneumonia
Question: what is Pneumocystis pneumonia? Tell me about Pneumocystis pneumonia? What kind of disease is Pneumocystis pneumonia? Can you elaborate on Pneumocystis pneumonia? What can you tell me about Pneumocystis pneumonia? Could you describe what Pneumocystis pneumonia is? I�d like to know more about Pneumocystis pneumonia. Can you help? What information do you have on Pneumocystis pneumonia? Could you provide information on Pneumocystis pneumonia?
Answer: This type of pneumonia is rare but can be dangerous for those with weakened immune systems. Treatment and diagnosis processes have come a long way in the last few decades.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is an infection caused by a fungus called Pneumocystis jirovecii. PCP is a serious infection that most often develops in people with weakened immune systems. The infection is relatively rare in the general population.
The �C� in PCP comes from its previous name. There was a shift in understanding and knowledge about this infection in the 1980s when hospitals began seeing the number of people with it rise among those with HIV and AIDS. Before the 1980s, P. jirovecii was called P. carinii and was classed a protozoal infection. The �C� in the acronym PCP originally stood for carinii.
Although this is no longer correct, the acronym has stayed the same to avoid confusion. Keep reading to learn more about this rare form of pneumonia.
Disease: Pneumocystis pneumonia
Question: for Pneumocystis pneumonia, causes of pneumocystis pneumonia?
Answer: The fungus that causes PCP can live in the lungs of most people without causing symptoms. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that up to 20% of adults
carry the fungus at any time. Most people�s bodies typically remove the fungus without issue after a few months.
But people with weakened immune systems can develop serious infections when they contract the fungus that causes PCP. This is most commonly seen in people who have HIV or AIDS. About 30% to 40%
of people with PCP have HIV or AIDS.
Other people who are at risk of PCP include people
:
with chronic lung disease
with cancer
who�ve had an organ transplant
who�ve had a stem cell transplant
with lupus and other autoimmune diseases
who take corticosteroids and other medications that lower their body�s immune system response
How common is Pneumocystis pneumonia?
There are no tracked statistics for PCP in the United States. Data from 2017 estimated that about 10,590 Americans
were hospitalized with PCP during that calendar year. But there aren�t overall statistics and data.
It�s known that before the AIDS epidemic in the 1980s, PCP was extremely rare. During the height of the AIDS epidemic and before the development of today�s AIDS medications, around 75% of people with AIDS developed PCP.
These numbers have dropped in modern times, but PCP is still a concern for people with AIDS and other conditions that weaken their immune systems. PCP is also a concern in many countries around the world with developing healthcare systems.
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Disease: Pneumocystis pneumonia
Question: for Pneumocystis pneumonia, symptoms of pneumocystis pneumonia?
Answer: Symptoms of PCP are similar to symptoms of other types of pneumonia. They can include:
difficulty breathing
cough
fever
chills
chest pain
fatigue
It�s a good idea to contact a healthcare professional if you�re experiencing any of these symptoms, especially if you�ve had them for more than a few days.
How to prevent Pneumocystis pneumonia
Some people who are at high risk of PCP, such as people with HIV or AIDS or people who�ve received organ or stem cell transplants, might be prescribed medication to help prevent PCP.
Typically, this involves a medication called co-trimoxazole (TMX/SMX). You and a healthcare professional can discuss if preventive medication is right for you. There�s no vaccine to prevent PCP.
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