falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, types of aphasia?
Answer: According to the National Aphasia Association, there are many types � or patterns � of aphasia. Out of these many types, there are a few that are quite prevalent.
Global aphasia
Global aphasia is the most severe type of aphasia, and it�s typically caused by major damage to the front and back of the left side of your brain. People with this type of aphasia usually have:
severe problems using words
severe problems understanding words
limited ability to use a few words together
an almost nonexistent ability to read or write
Broca�s aphasia
Broca�s aphasia is called �non-fluent aphasia� because of the difficulty a person has with speaking. Typically, Broca�s aphasia involves damage to the left frontal area of the brain. People with this type of aphasia usually:
speak in short, incomplete sentences
are able to convey basic messages but may be missing some words
have a limited ability to understand what others say
experience frustration because others can�t understand them
have weakness or paralysis on the right side of the body
Mixed non-fluent aphasia
With some symptoms similar to Broca�s aphasia � meaning limited and difficult speech � people with mixed non-fluent aphasia also:
have a limited comprehension of speech
can only read and write at a very elementary level
Wernicke�s aphasia
Also identified as fluent aphasia, Wernicke�s aphasia typically involves damage to the middle left side of the brain. People with this type of aphasia can speak but have trouble understanding when others speak. Additional symptoms include:
being unable to understand and use language correctly
tending to speak in long, complex sentences that are meaningless and include incorrect or nonsense words
not realizing that others can�t understand them
impaired reading and writing
Anomic aphasia
The main feature of this pattern of aphasia is difficulty finding words that you really want to use, particularly nouns and verbs. People with anomic aphasia can usually speak well, but their speech is usually full of expressions of frustration. Additionally:
they can understand others� speech well
they can read well
their difficulty in finding words is also evident in their writing
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA)
As the name suggests, this type of aphasia is progressive, which means it gets worse over time. Usually, PPA is a result of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer�s disease. Initially, symptoms start with a loss of language and speech but can progress to a loss of memory.
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, diagnosing aphasia?
Answer: If your doctor suspects you or someone you care for has aphasia, they may order imaging tests to find the source of the problem. A CT or MRI scan can help them identify the location and severity of the brain damage.
Your doctor may also screen you for aphasia during treatment for a brain injury or stroke. For example, they may test your ability to:
follow commands
name objects
participate in a conversation
answer questions
write words
read
If you have aphasia, a speech-language pathologist can help identify specific communication disabilities. During the examination, they�ll test your ability to:
speak clearly
express ideas coherently
interact with others
read
write
understand verbal and written language
use alternative forms of communication
swallow
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, treating aphasia?
Answer: The specific treatment a doctor might recommend will depend on the type, or pattern, of aphasia. Overall, the goal of treatment is to help an individual gain the greatest independence possible.
Certain types of aphasia may improve with speech-language therapy. This therapy typically proceeds slowly and gradually, and it should be started as early as possible after a brain injury. Specific treatment plans may involve:
performing exercises to improve communication skills
working in groups to practice communication skills
testing communication skills in real-life situations
learning to use other forms of communication, such as gestures, drawings, and computer-mediated
communication
using computers to relearn word sounds and verbs
encouraging family involvement to help with communication at home
Emotional support in the form of talk therapy and family involvement may also be recommended, especially if a person is struggling with their diagnosis and the symptoms.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation, is one new method that has also shown some promise when it comes to improving certain symptoms of aphasia. However, most of the studies around this method are currently only used in research settings.
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, preventing aphasia?
Answer: Many of the conditions that cause aphasia aren�t preventable, such as brain tumors or degenerative diseases. However, the most common cause of aphasia is stroke. If you can work on reducing your risk of stroke, you can lower your risk of aphasia.
You can take the following steps to lower your risk of stroke:
Try to stop smoking if you smoke.
Drink alcohol in moderation.
Prioritize exercise.
Eat a diet that�s lower in sodium and fat
Take steps to manage your blood pressure and cholesterol.
Take steps to manage diabetes or circulation problems if you have them.
Get treatment for atrial fibrillation if you have it.
Get immediate medical care if you develop the symptoms of a stroke.
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, what is the outlook for people who have aphasia??
Answer: If you have temporary aphasia due to a TIA or migraine attack, you may not need treatment, and symptoms may fade with time.
If you or someone you love has a more permanent type of aphasia, which is usually caused by stroke, brain trauma, an infection, or a neurodegenerative disease, several factors determine the outlook:
the cause of the brain damage
the location of the brain damage
the severity of the brain damage
your age
your overall health
Treating aphasia usually comes down to helping a person become as independent as possible with their condition. Emotional support, therapy, and other methods of healing may also be recommended.
Disease: aphasia
Question: for aphasia, communicating with someone who has aphasia?
Answer: If a loved one is living with aphasia, you may want to consider thinking about how you communicate with them. Consider the following methods to increase communication on both sides:
Minimize or completely eliminate background noise when speaking with them.
Keep your words simple but appropriately �adult.� There is no need to talk down to someone with aphasia.
Give the person time to speak. Resist the urge to finish their sentences.
Use gestures, drawings, or written notes to help your communication.
Downplay errors and encourage successes.
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: what is obesity morbid? Tell me about obesity morbid? What kind of disease is obesity morbid? Can you elaborate on obesity morbid? What can you tell me about obesity morbid? Could you describe what obesity morbid is? I�d like to know more about obesity morbid. Can you help? What information do you have on obesity morbid? Could you provide information on obesity morbid?
Answer: What Is Morbid Obesity?
Morbid obesity is a condition in which you have a body mass index (BMI) higher than 35. BMI is used to estimate body fat and can help determine if you are at a healthy body weight for your size. BMI is not a perfect measurement but it does help give a general idea of ideal weight ranges for height.
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, what causes morbid obesity??
Answer: When you eat, your body uses the calories you consume to run your body. Even at rest, the body needs calories to pump your heart or digest food. If those calories are not used, the body stores them as fat. Your body will build up fat stores if you continue to eat more calories than your body can use during daily activities and exercise. Obesity and morbid obesity are the result of too much fat being stored in your body.
Certain medications, such as antidepressants, can cause weight gain. Medical conditions such as hypothyroidism can also lead to weight gain, but can usually be managed so that they do not lead to obesity.
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, who is at risk for morbid obesity??
Answer: Anyone can gain weight and develop obesity if they eat more calories than their bodies can use.
Some studies
have shown that genetic factors
can play a role in how your body stores energy. More research is being done to further explore the relationship between genes and weight.
Many behavioral factors play a role in obesity as well, including your eating habits and daily activity level. Many people develop their eating habits as children and have trouble refining them to maintain proper body weight as they age. As an adult, you may be inactive at your job and have less time for exercise, meal planning, and physical activity.
Other factors, such as stress, anxiety, and lack of sleep, can lead to weight gain. People who quit smoking often experience temporary weight gain. Women may also have trouble losing the weight they gain during pregnancy, or may gain additional weight during menopause. These factors do not necessarily lead to morbid obesity but can certainly contribute to its onset.
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, diagnosing morbid obesity?
Answer: Your doctor will perform a physical exam and ask you about the history of your weight and your weight-loss efforts. They will ask you about your eating and exercise habits, and your medical history.
Calculating BMI
BMI is calculated when your weight in kilograms is divided by your height in meters squared. You can calculate your BMI by using a calculator
provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Here are BMI ranges and their corresponding categories of obesity:
underweight: under 18.5 percent
normal: 18.5 to 24.9 percent
overweight: 25.0 to 29.9
obese (class 1): 30.0 and 34.9
morbid obesity (class 2): 35-39.9
Using BMI as a diagnosis tool for obesity has limitations. Your BMI is only an estimate of your body fat. For example, athletes may have a high weight because of their higher muscle mass. They could fall into the BMI range of obesity or morbid obesity, but actually have a small amount of body fat. Because of this, your doctor might use other tests to get an exact reading of your body fat percentage.
Calculating Body Fat Percentage
A skinfold test may also be done to check your body fat percentage. In this test, a doctor measures the thickness of a fold of skin from the arm, abdomen, or thigh with a caliper. Another way to test body fat percentage includes bioelectrical impedance, which is often done using a special type of scale. Finally, body fat can be more accurately measured using special equipment to calculate water or air displacement.
Other Tests
Your doctor may order additional blood tests to look for hormonal or other medical problems that could be causing your weight gain.
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Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, complications of morbid obesity?
Answer: Obesity is a health concern. Without proper treatment, obesity can lead to other serious health problems, such as:
osteoarthritis
heart disease and blood lipid abnormalities
stroke
type 2 diabetes
sleep apnea (when you periodically stop breathing during sleep)
reproductive problems
gallstones
certain cancers
obesity hypoventilation syndrome
metabolic syndrome
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, treating morbid obesity?
Answer: There are several different treatment options for morbid obesity.
Diet and Exercise
There is no data on the most effective way to induce long-term weight loss, but a healthy diet and regular exercise are the keys to overall health.
It is also important to learn stress management tools that can be used in place of overeating or snacking during stressful times.
You should work with your doctor and a dietitian to set realistic goals that will help you lose weight slowly through diet and exercise. It may be helpful to find support from friends, family, or your community in order to make lifestyle changes that will lead to long-term weight loss.
Weight Loss Drugs
In some cases weight loss drugs may be prescribed. These medications may cause weight loss, but most people regain the weight once they stop taking the medication. There are many herbal and over-the-counter supplements that claim to help you lose weight, but many of these claims have not been verified.
Surgery
Surgery may also be an option to treat obesity if you have tried other methods for losing weight but have not been successful in maintaining long-term weight loss. It can often help reduce the risk of other diseases (e.g., diabetes, heart disease, and sleep apnea) that are associated with severe obesity.
Surgery may cause complications, and you should talk with your doctor to determine if this is an option for you. There are two common types of weight-loss surgeries:
Gastric Banding Surgery
In this procedure, the surgeon will place a band around the upper part of your stomach. This limits the amount of food you can eat at one time by making you feel full after eating small amounts of food.
Gastric Bypass Surgery
This surgery will change how the food you eat travels through your digestive tract by bypassing a portion of your stomach and small bowel. It will make you feel full when you�ve eaten less food.
Disease: obesity morbid
Question: for obesity morbid, preventing morbid obesity?
Answer: Obesity and morbid obesity are serious and potentially life-threatening conditions. A healthy lifestyle that includes a healthy diet and regular exercise are important for preventing obesity.
Diet and Exercise
People who have morbid obesity should avoid �fad� diets and focus instead on changing eating behaviors. Recommendations include:
adding more fruits and vegetables to your diet
eating smaller meals
count calories
eating mindfully
limiting saturated fats, trans fats, and refined sugars
Physical activity is good for overall health and is especially important if you�re trying to lose weight. To begin losing weight, you will need to do moderate to vigorous exercise for more than three hours per week. Vigorous activity raises your heart rate significantly. Be sure to check with your doctor before you begin any vigorous exercise programs. Examples of beneficial physical activity include:
running or jogging
swimming
jumping rope
brisk walking
biking
Moderate exercise can also include everyday activities like shoveling snow or yard work.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: what is pyelonephritis? Tell me about pyelonephritis? What kind of disease is pyelonephritis? Can you elaborate on pyelonephritis? What can you tell me about pyelonephritis? Could you describe what pyelonephritis is? I�d like to know more about pyelonephritis. Can you help? What information do you have on pyelonephritis? Could you provide information on pyelonephritis?
Answer: Understanding pyelonephritis
Acute pyelonephritis is a sudden and severe kidney infection. It causes the kidneys to swell and may permanently damage them. Pyelonephritis can be life-threatening.
When repeated or persistent attacks occur, the condition is called chronic pyelonephritis. The chronic form is rare, but it happens more often in children or people with urinary obstructions.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, what are the symptoms??
Answer: Symptoms usually appear within two days of infection. Common symptoms include:
a fever greater than 102�F (38.9�C)
pain in the abdomen, back, side, or groin
painful or burning urination
cloudy urine
pus or blood in the urine
urgent or frequent urination
fishy-smelling urine
Other symptoms can include:
shaking or chills
nausea
vomiting
general aching or ill feeling
fatigue
moist skin
mental confusion
Symptoms may be different in children and older adults than they are in other people. For example, mental confusion is common in older adults and is often their only symptom.
People with chronic pyelonephritis may experience only mild symptoms or may even lack noticeable symptoms altogether.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, what are the causes??
Answer: The infection usually starts in the lower urinary tract as a urinary tract infection (UTI). Bacteria enter the body through the urethra and begin to multiply and spread up to the bladder. From there, the bacteria travel through the ureters to the kidneys.
Bacteria such as E. coli often cause the infection. However, any serious infection in the bloodstream can also spread to the kidneys and cause acute pyelonephritis.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, are there risk factors??
Answer: Acute pyelonephritis
Any problem that interrupts the normal flow of urine causes a greater risk of acute pyelonephritis. For example, a urinary tract that�s an unusual size or shape is more likely to lead to acute pyelonephritis.
Also, women�s urethras are much shorter than men�s, so it�s easier for bacteria to enter their bodies. That makes women more prone to kidney infections and puts them at a higher risk of acute pyelonephritis.
Other people who are at increased risk include:
anyone with chronic kidney stones or other kidney or bladder conditions
older adults
people with suppressed immune systems, such as people with diabetes, HIV/AIDS, or cancer
people with vesicoureteral reflux (a condition where small amounts of urine back up from the bladder into the ureters and kidneys)
people with an enlarged prostate
Other factors that can make you vulnerable to infection include:
catheter use
cystoscopic examination
urinary tract surgery
certain medications
nerve or spinal cord damage
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic forms of the condition are more common in people with urinary obstructions. These can be caused by UTIs, vesicoureteral reflux, or anatomical anomalies. Chronic pyelonephritis is more common in children than in adults.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, diagnosing pyelonephritis?
Answer: Urine tests
A doctor will check for fever, tenderness in the abdomen, and other common symptoms. If they suspect a kidney infection, they will order a urine test. This helps them check for bacteria, concentration, blood, and pus in the urine.
Imaging tests
The doctor may also order an ultrasound to look for cysts, tumors, or other obstructions in the urinary tract.
For people who don�t respond to treatment within 72 hours, a CT scan (with or without injectable dye) may be ordered. This test can also detect obstructions within the urinary tract.
Radioactive imaging
A dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) test may be ordered if your doctor suspects scarring as a result of pyelonephritis. This is an imaging technique that tracks an injection of radioactive material.
A healthcare professional injects the material through a vein in the arm. The material then travels to the kidneys. Images taken as the radioactive material passes through the kidneys show infected or scarred areas.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, treating pyelonephritis?
Answer: Antibiotics
Antibiotics are the first course of action against acute pyelonephritis. However, the type of antibiotic your doctor chooses depends on whether or not the bacteria can be identified. If not, a broad-spectrum antibiotic is used.
Although drugs can cure the infection within 2 to 3 days, the medication must be taken for the entire prescription period (usually 10 to 14 days). This is true even if you feel better.
The antibiotic options are:
levofloxacin
ciprofloxacin
co-trimoxazole
ampicillin
Hospital admission
In some cases, drug therapy is ineffective. For a severe kidney infection, your doctor may admit you to the hospital. The length of your stay depends on the severity of your condition and how well you respond to treatment.
Treatment may include intravenous hydration and antibiotics for 24 to 48 hours. While you�re in the hospital, doctors will monitor your blood and urine to track the infection. You�ll likely receive 10 to 14 days� worth of oral antibiotics to take after you�re released from the hospital.
Surgery
Recurrent kidney infections may result from an underlying medical problem. In those cases, surgery may be required to remove any obstructions or to correct any structural problems in the kidneys. Surgery may also be necessary to drain an abscess that doesn�t respond to antibiotics.
In cases of severe infection, a nephrectomy may be necessary. In this procedure, a surgeon removes part of the kidney.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, pyelonephritis in pregnant women?
Answer: Pregnancy causes many temporary changes in the body, including physiological changes in the urinary tract. Increased progesterone and increased pressure on the ureters can result in an increased risk of pyelonephritis.
Pyelonephritis in pregnant women typically requires hospital admission. It can threaten the lives of both mother and baby. It can also increase the risk of premature delivery. Pregnant women are treated with beta-lactam antibiotics for at least 24 hours until their symptoms improve.
To prevent pyelonephritis in pregnant women, a urine culture should be conducted between the 12th and 16th weeks of pregnancy. A UTI that doesn�t have symptoms can lead to the development of pyelonephritis. Detecting the UTI early can prevent kidney infection.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, pyelonephritis in children?
Answer: According to the American Urological Association, in the United States, more than one million trips to the pediatrician are made each year for pediatric UTIs. Girls are at increased risk if over one year old. Boys are at greater risk if under one, especially if they�re uncircumcised.
Children with UTIs often have fever, pain, and symptoms related to the urinary tract. A doctor should address these symptoms immediately before they can develop into pyelonephritis.
Most children can be treated with oral antibiotics in an outpatient manner. Learn more about UTIs in children.
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, potential complications?
Answer: A possible complication of acute pyelonephritis is chronic kidney disease. If the infection continues, the kidneys may be permanently damaged. Although rare, it�s also possible for the infection to enter the bloodstream. This can result in a potentially deadly infection called sepsis.
Other complications include:
recurring kidney infections
the infection spreading to areas around the kidneys
acute kidney failure
kidney abscess
Disease: pyelonephritis
Question: for pyelonephritis, preventing pyelonephritis?
Answer: Pyelonephritis can be a serious condition. Contact your doctor as soon as you suspect that you have pyelonephritis or a UTI. This condition requires prompt medical attention, so the earlier you start treatment, the better.
Prevention tips
Drink plenty of fluids to increase urination and remove bacteria from the urethra.
Urinate after sex to help flush out bacteria.
Wipe from front to back.
Avoid using products that can irritate the urethra, such as douches or feminine sprays.
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Disease: endocarditis
Question: what is endocarditis? Tell me about endocarditis? What kind of disease is endocarditis? Can you elaborate on endocarditis? What can you tell me about endocarditis? Could you describe what endocarditis is? I�d like to know more about endocarditis. Can you help? What information do you have on endocarditis? Could you provide information on endocarditis?
Answer: What is endocarditis?
Endocarditis is inflammation of your heart�s inner lining, called the endocardium. It�s usually caused by bacteria. When the inflammation is caused by infection, the condition is called infective endocarditis. Endocarditis is uncommon in people with healthy hearts.