falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: acute kidney injury
Question: for acute kidney injury, how is acute kidney failure diagnosed??
Answer: If you have acute kidney failure, you may have generalized swelling. The swelling is due to fluid retention.
Using a stethoscope, your doctor may hear crackling in the lungs. These sounds can signal fluid retention.
Results of laboratory tests may also show abnormal values, which are new and different from baseline levels. Some of these tests include:
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
serum potassium
serum sodium
estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)
urinalysis
creatinine clearance
serum creatinine
An ultrasound is the preferred method for diagnosing acute kidney failure. However, abdominal X-ray, abdominal CT scan, and abdominal MRI can help your doctor determine if there�s a blockage in your urinary tract.
Certain blood tests may also reveal underlying causes of acute kidney failure.
Disease: acute kidney injury
Question: for acute kidney injury, what is the treatment for acute kidney failure??
Answer: Your treatment will depend on the cause of your acute kidney failure. The goal is to restore normal kidney function. Preventing fluids and wastes from building up in your body while your kidneys recover is important. In the majority of cases, a kidney specialist called a �nephrologist� makes an evaluation.
Diet
Your doctor will restrict your diet and the amount of liquids you eat and drink. This will reduce the buildup of toxins that the kidneys would normally eliminate. A diet high in carbohydrates and low in protein, salt, and potassium is usually recommended.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe antibiotics to treat or prevent any infections that occur at the same time. Diuretics may help your kidneys eliminate fluid. Calcium and insulin can help you avoid dangerous increases in your blood potassium levels.
Dialysis
You may need dialysis, but it�s not always necessary, and it will likely only be temporary. Dialysis involves diverting blood out of your body into a machine that filters out waste. The clean blood then returns to your body. If your potassium levels are dangerously high, dialysis can save your life.
Dialysis is necessary if there are changes in your mental status or if you stop urinating. You may also need dialysis if you develop pericarditis or inflammation of the heart. Dialysis can help eliminate nitrogen waste products from your body.
Disease: acute kidney injury
Question: for acute kidney injury, what are the complications of acute kidney failure??
Answer: Some of the complications of acute kidney failure include:
chronic kidney failure
heart damage
nervous system damage
end-stage renal failure
high blood pressure
Disease: acute kidney injury
Question: for acute kidney injury, how can i prevent acute kidney failure??
Answer: Preventing and treating illnesses that can lead to acute kidney failure is the best method for avoiding the disease. According to the Mayo Clinic, having a healthy lifestyle that includes regular physical activity and a sensible diet can help to prevent kidney failure. Work with your doctor to manage existing medical conditions that could lead to acute kidney failure.
Disease: acute kidney injury
Question: for acute kidney injury, what is the long-term outlook??
Answer: Acute kidney failure can be a life-threatening illness. Chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease can develop. There�s a greater risk of death if kidney failure is caused by severe infection, trauma, or surgery.
The following can also increase the risk of death:
lung disease
recent stroke
advanced age
blood loss
progressive kidney failure
With proper treatment and diligence, your chances of recovery are good. Seek immediate and regular medical care for acute kidney failure, and ask your doctor questions about what you can do to heal faster.
Disease: mitral valve prolapse
Question: what is mitral valve prolapse? Tell me about mitral valve prolapse? What kind of disease is mitral valve prolapse? Can you elaborate on mitral valve prolapse? What can you tell me about mitral valve prolapse? Could you describe what mitral valve prolapse is? I�d like to know more about mitral valve prolapse. Can you help? What information do you have on mitral valve prolapse? Could you provide information on mitral valve prolapse?
Answer: What is mitral valve prolapse?
You have two chambers on the left side of your heart: your left atrium and your left ventricle. Your mitral valve, which is located between the two, is designed to allow blood flow from the left atrium into the left ventricle, but not back the other way.
In mitral valve prolapse (MVP), also called Barlow�s syndrome, the flaps of the mitral valve don�t close correctly. Instead, the valve bulges into the atrium. This can lead to mitral valve regurgitation, which means that blood leaks back into the left atrium through the prolapsed valve.
Only about 2 percent
of Americans have mitral valve prolapse, according to the American Heart Association. And among these cases, serious complications are uncommon. Most of the time, people with MVP don�t have any symptoms, and it doesn�t affect their daily lives.
Disease: mitral valve prolapse
Question: for mitral valve prolapse, what are risk factors for mitral valve prolapse??
Answer: Experts don�t know exactly what causes MVP. Most people are born with abnormalities that cause the condition. These may include mitral valve flaps that are too big, thick, or stretchy.
The Cleveland Clinic reports that MVP is most commonly found in females. It�s also found more often in people born with disorders of the connective tissue (collagen, ligaments, tendons, and so on).
MVP often runs in families, so you may be more likely to have it if your parents or other relatives do.
Certain conditions may lead to mitral valve prolapse. These include:
scoliosis, or curvature of the spine
adult polycystic kidney disease, a genetic condition in which large cysts interfere with kidney function
connective tissue problems such as Marfan�s syndrome, a genetic condition that affects the connective tissue of the skeletal and cardiovascular systems, eyes, and skin
Disease: mitral valve prolapse
Question: for mitral valve prolapse, what are the symptoms of mitral valve prolapse??
Answer: Because mitral valve prolapse often causes no symptoms, most people with this condition are unaware that they have heart problems.
If you do develop symptoms, they will generally be mild. The onset of symptoms is typically slow and gradual rather than abrupt.
When symptoms do occur, they may include:
cough
dizziness
fatigue and tiredness
shortness of breath, especially during exercise or when lying flat
You might also develop migraines (recurring headaches that can cause nausea) or experience pain in your chest. This pain is not caused by heart muscle blood flow seen with heart attacks. Your heartbeat might feel fast or irregular.
Disease: mitral valve prolapse
Question: for mitral valve prolapse, how is mitral valve prolapse diagnosed??
Answer: Your doctor will generally perform several tests to better understand your heart before making a diagnosis.
In most cases, your doctor will initially detect MVP when using a stethoscope to listen to your heart. If you have the condition, your heart may make a clicking sound when it beats. This sound is usually more noticeable when you are standing. Hearing this click might lead your doctor to order further tests.
Your doctor may order an X-ray or an echocardiogram. Both of these tests provide images of your heart, but the echocardiogram shows more structural details. Your doctor can check the images to see if you have MVP or regurgitation. Depending on your condition, your doctor may also perform a cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, dye (which is visible on X-rays) is injected into the arteries of your heart using a catheter (tube) that has been threaded through a blood vessel in your neck, arm, or upper thigh.
Your doctor might ask you to exercise on a treadmill or perform some other physical activity to see how your heart responds. This is called a stress test.
An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a way to check your heartbeat for irregularities. It is a recording of a few seconds of your heart�s electrical activity. This can help your doctor diagnose mitral valve prolapse or other heart conditions.
Disease: mitral valve prolapse
Question: for mitral valve prolapse, how is mitral valve prolapse treated??
Answer: In most cases, you won�t need any treatment for mitral valve prolapse. However, if you have noticeable symptoms, your doctor might choose to treat your condition.
Treatment often involves taking medications to help relieve any symptoms you�re experiencing. Possible medications your doctor might prescribe include:
aspirin to reduce the risk of blood clots
beta blockers to prevent your heart from beating irregularly and to improve blood flow
blood thinners to prevent blood clots
diuretics to remove excess fluid from the lungs
vasodilators to widen the blood vessels and improve blood flow
If your condition is more serious, such as if you have severe regurgitation or impaired heart function, you may need surgery. There are two basic types of surgery for this issue: valve replacement and valve repair. Your doctor will generally opt to repair the valve if possible.
If repairing the valve isn�t possible, it may be replaced with either a man-made mechanical valve or a biological valve harvested from a cow or pig or created from human tissue. There are pros and cons to both kinds of valves, so your doctor will discuss your options with you before the procedure.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: what is partial paralysis? Tell me about partial paralysis? What kind of disease is partial paralysis? Can you elaborate on partial paralysis? What can you tell me about partial paralysis? Could you describe what partial paralysis is? I�d like to know more about partial paralysis. Can you help? What information do you have on partial paralysis? Could you provide information on partial paralysis?
Answer: Paresis is a condition in which muscle movement is weakened. Unlike paralysis, individuals with paresis still have some control over the affected muscles.
Paresis occurs due to nerve damage, which can be caused by a variety of factors or conditions.
Keep reading as we dive deeper into what paresis is, what causes it, and how it may be treated.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, what is paresis??
Answer: Paresis refers to a condition in which muscle movement has become weakened or impaired. You may also sometimes see it referred to as �mild paralysis� or �partial paralysis.�
Although paresis affects your muscles, it usually occurs due to nerve damage.
A vast network of nerves controls the movement of the muscles in our bodies. If a part of this network is damaged, muscles in the affected area may not work properly.
There are several factors that can cause paresis, and there are many different types of paresis. Paresis is often categorized by the area of the body that�s impacted.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, how is paresis different from paralysis??
Answer: Paresis is characterized by muscle weakness. A person with paresis can still move the affected muscle or muscles. However, these movements are weaker than normal.
Paresis is different from paralysis. An individual who has paralysis isn�t able to move a specific muscle or muscle group at all.
You may also see paresis used as a suffix to distinguish what part of the body is affected. For example, a person with monoparesis has muscle weakness affecting one limb.
The corresponding suffix for paralysis is �-plegia.� Using the same example, a person with monoplegia has paralysis that affects one limb.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, causes and types of paresis?
Answer: There are many different factors that can cause nerve damage that results in paresis.
Several examples of causes include:
head injury
spinal cord injury
pressure on the spinal cord or nerves due to things like inflammation, bone spurs, or a tumor
stroke
seizures
multiple sclerosis (MS)
cerebral palsy
diabetes
certain infections, such as Epstein-Barr virus and syphilis
Guillain-Barr� syndrome
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Just as there are many potential causes of paresis, there are also many different types of paresis.
Below are several examples of different types of paresis:
Monoparesis. Monoparesis muscle weakness that affects one limb, such as a leg or an arm.
Paraparesis. Paraparesis is muscle weakness that affects both legs.
Hemiparesis. Hemiparesis is muscle weakness that affects one side of your body, such as the left arm and left leg.
Quadriparesis. Quadriparesis is muscle weakness that affects all four limbs.
Bell�s palsy. Bell�s palsy is a condition that leads to temporary weakness in your facial muscles, which can cause facial drooping and pain.
Vocal cord paresis. Vocal cord paresis affects the movement of your vocal cords. The condition often leads to a soft voice or hoarseness, as well as feelings of breathlessness when speaking.
Gastroparesis. Gastroparesis is a condition where the emptying of the stomach is impaired due to muscle weakness. It�s associated with symptoms like nausea, vomiting, bloating, and feeling full quickly.
Todd�s paresis. Todd�s paresis is a type of paresis that occurs following a seizure. It�s often associated with paresis in one limb (monoparesis) or on one side of the body (hemiparesis).
Neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis occurs when a syphilis infection attacks the nervous system. It can cause paresis as well as headaches, changes in behavior, and dementia.
Spastic paresis. Spastic paresis is a condition that causes muscle overactivity and spasticity. It�s due to nerve damage that often results from conditions like stroke, MS, and cerebral palsy. This can lead to pain as well as difficulty with activities like walking or getting dressed.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, what are the most common symptoms??
Answer: Muscle weakness is the main symptom of paresis.
Other common symptoms can include:
muscle stiffness
a tingling or �pins and needles� feeling
decreased sensation in the affected area
Some types of paresis may have slightly different or additional symptoms.
Symptoms of paresis can come on suddenly, as in the case of a head or spinal cord injury. They may come on gradually in other instances, such as with a condition like MS.
Depending on the cause, symptoms may be temporary or permanent. They may also progressively get worse, leading to paralysis, as with ALS.
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, treatment options?
Answer: Treatment for paresis depends on what�s causing it. It focuses on addressing any underlying conditions and improving quality of life.
Examples of possible treatment options include:
Physical therapy. Physical therapy uses techniques such as exercise and massage to aid in promoting mobility, improving flexibility and range of motion, and stimulating your nerves and muscles.
Occupational therapy. Occupational therapy can teach you strategies for carrying out your day-to-day activities more easily while you�re experiencing paresis.
Assistive devices. Assistive devices are items that can help with your mobility and daily activities. Examples include:
walkers
wheelchairs
grab bars
specialized handles and grips
voice-activated technology
Medications. In some cases, medications may help treat a condition that�s causing paresis. Examples include:
antimicrobial medications for infections
corticosteroids to reduce inflammation that�s putting pressure on a nerve
Disease: partial paralysis
Question: for partial paralysis, the bottom line        ?
Answer: Paresis involves the weakening of a muscle or group of muscles. It may also be referred to as partial or mild paralysis. Unlike paralysis, people with paresis can still move their muscles. These movements are just weaker than normal.
Paresis occurs when nerves are damaged. When this happens, muscles that are served by the affected nerve may not function properly.
There are a variety of different causes of paresis, including injury, stroke, spinal cord inflammation, and conditions like MS.
There�s currently no cure for paresis. Some types of paresis are temporary and will go away over time, while others may be permanent. Sometimes, however, treatments that focus on the underlying cause can help it improve or completely resolve.
Your healthcare provider can work with you to create the right treatment method based on your needs. Proper treatment can help you manage your condition, and improve your mobility and quality of life.
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: what is paranoid personality disorder? Tell me about paranoid personality disorder? What kind of disease is paranoid personality disorder? Can you elaborate on paranoid personality disorder? What can you tell me about paranoid personality disorder? Could you describe what paranoid personality disorder is? I�d like to know more about paranoid personality disorder. Can you help? What information do you have on paranoid personality disorder? Could you provide information on paranoid personality disorder?
Answer: Paranoia can cause you to feel mistrustful of others or persecuted without a threat. Treatment can depend on the cause but may include psychotherapy and medication.
Paranoia is a thought process that causes you to have an irrational suspicion or mistrust of others. People with paranoia may feel like they�re being persecuted or that someone is out to get them. They may feel the threat of physical harm even if they aren�t in danger.
People with dementia sometimes have paranoia, and it also can occur in people who use drugs. Paranoid thoughts can also be a symptom of a mental illness or a personality disorder.
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: for paranoid personality disorder, symptoms of paranoia?
Answer: Everyone experiences paranoid thoughts at some point in their life, but paranoia is the constant experience of symptoms and unfounded feelings of paranoia. The symptoms of paranoia vary in severity and can interfere with all areas of life. Symptoms include:
constant stress or anxiety related to beliefs they have about others
mistrust of others
feeling disbelieved or misunderstood
feeling victimized or persecuted when there isn�t a threat
isolation
Mistrust of others and constant anxiety can make relationships and interactions with others difficult, causing problems with employment and personal relationships.
People with paranoia may feel that others are plotting against them or trying to cause them physical or emotional harm, and maybe even stealing from them. They may be unable to work with others and can be hostile or detached, leading to isolation.
Paranoid schizophrenia is a form of mental illness. People with schizophrenia tend to be distrustful of others and may be suspicious and guarded. They may also have delusions or believe that others are trying to hurt them. A person with schizophrenia may also experience hallucinations.
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: for paranoid personality disorder, what causes paranoia??
Answer: Paranoid behavior usually occurs due to personality disorders or other mental illnesses such as schizophrenia.
It�s not fully understood why some people develop personality disorders or mental illness. It may be a combination of factors, including:
genetics
stress
brain chemistry
Drug use can also cause paranoia. The use of methamphetamines can cause paranoid behavior and delusions. Other drugs that can lead to paranoid thought processes include PCP and LSD.
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: for paranoid personality disorder, how is paranoia diagnosed??
Answer: Your doctor will perform a medical exam and take a complete medical history to help them rule out a physical or medical reason for your symptoms, such as dementia.
If your paranoia is part of a psychiatric issue, your doctor will refer you to a psychiatrist or a psychologist who will perform an evaluation and psychological tests to help them determine your mental status.
Other conditions that can occur in people with paranoia are:
bipolar disorder
anxiety
depression
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: for paranoid personality disorder, how is paranoia treated??
Answer: Treatment depends on the cause and severity of symptoms and may include medication and psychotherapy. Psychotherapy aims to help people with paranoia:
accept their vulnerability
increase their self-esteem
develop trust in others
learn to express and handle emotions in a positive manner
Treatment for paranoid personality disorder usually involves psychotherapy to help you develop coping skills to improve socialization and communication. Sometimes, doctors prescribe anti-anxiety medication to treat paranoid personality disorder for people who are often anxious or fearful. Atypical antipsychotic medications may also help.
People with paranoid schizophrenia usually require medication, as they often have lost touch with reality. Initial treatment usually includes antipsychotic medication. Your doctor may also prescribe anti-anxiety medications and antidepressants.
Your doctor may recommend additional treatment once your condition has stabilized. This can include psychotherapy and individual or family counseling.
When paranoia is a result of drug abuse, treatment is often supportive until the drug effects wear off. After that, your doctor will likely encourage you to participate in a drug treatment program.
Read our review of the best online therapy options to find the right fit for you.
Disease: paranoid personality disorder
Question: for paranoid personality disorder, what is the outlook for people with paranoia??
Answer: For people who seek treatment and follow through with it, the outlook for paranoia is usually positive. However, treatment may be a slow process. Therapy and medication are effective in treating it. People with paranoia are usually distrustful of others and perceive paranoid thoughts as real. This makes the process of seeking treatment difficult.
If someone you know is showing symptoms of paranoia, they may not think they need medical attention. However, you should encourage them to see a doctor for a diagnosis.
Disease: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Question: what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? Tell me about paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? What kind of disease is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? Can you elaborate on paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? What can you tell me about paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? Could you describe what paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea is? I�d like to know more about paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Can you help? What information do you have on paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea? Could you provide information on paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?
Answer: Overview
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) causes sudden shortness of breath during sleep. As a result, you wake up gasping for air. It tends to occur within a few hours after you�ve fallen asleep.
The condition can also be defined by the meaning of its name:
Dyspnea can occur at any time of the day or night. It�s a potential symptom of a number of serious respiratory and circulatory diseases, including:
Read on to find out what health conditions can cause PND, and how it�s treated.
Disease: paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
Question: for paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea vs. sleep apnea?
Answer: PND is a symptom that can be caused by a number of different respiratory and circulatory conditions. Sleep apnea, most commonly obstructive sleep apnea, on the other hand, is a medical condition on its own. Sleep apnea can cause PND, but not vice versa.
People who have sleep apnea experience multiple episodes of slowed or stopped breathing during the night. Sometimes breathing is interrupted for long enough to cause PND and wake you up.
In obstructive sleep apnea, breathing slows or stops altogether because of a physical tissue obstruction to the upper airway. In central sleep apnea, breathing slows or stops altogether because the brain doesn�t send the signals required to breathe properly.
Both types of sleep apnea can cause PND. However, not all cases of PND are caused by sleep apnea.