falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: delirium
Question: for delirium, how is delirium diagnosed??
Answer: A healthcare professional can diagnose you with delirium. Usually, this is done by a doctor or, in some cases, a nurse.
The clinician will observe your symptoms and examine you to see how you think, speak, and move.
Confusion assessment method
Many health professionals use the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) to diagnose or rule out delirium. This is a screening test that helps them observe whether or not:
your behavior and mental state is fluctuating over time
you have a hard time paying attention or following others as they speak
you have trouble keeping your thoughts organized
you�re experiencing an altered state of alertness
Tests and exams
Many factors can cause changes in brain chemistry and function. Your doctor will try to determine the cause of the delirium by running tests relevant to your symptoms and medical history.
One or more of the following tests may be needed
to check for underlying causes:
blood tests
chest X-ray
urine tests
electrocardiogram (EKG)
bladder imaging
Your doctor may also request other tests, depending on your symptoms.
Disease: delirium
Question: for delirium, how is delirium treated??
Answer: Depending on the cause of the delirium, treatment may include taking or stopping certain medications.
In older adults, an accurate diagnosis is important for treatment, as delirium symptoms are similar to dementia, but the treatments are very different.
Medications
Your doctor may prescribe medications to treat the underlying cause of your delirium. For example, if your delirium is caused by a severe asthma attack, you might need an inhaler to restore your breathing.
If a bacterial infection is causing the delirium symptoms, antibiotics may be prescribed.
In some cases, your doctor may recommend that you stop taking certain medications if they are causing delirium.
If you are experiencing substance withdrawal, you may be prescribed medication to manage your symptoms.
Delirium itself is not usually treated with medication. Rather, it is the underlying cause that is being treated. But if you have severe symptoms of hyperactive delirium that do not improve, antipsychotic medications may be considered.
Supportive care
Reducing stress and creating a calm environment can help you recover from delirium. You may find it helpful to:
set a clear daily routine
eat and drink water on a regular schedule
keep clocks and calendars visible to orient yourself
maintain good sleep habits
be physically active in ways that are safe for you
put on your glasses and hearing aids daily, if you use these devices
If you are caring for someone with delirium, do your best to:
speak calmly and use short sentences
reassure them
avoid moving your loved one to an unfamiliar room or place during recovery, if it�s not necessary
share familiar objects, like photos
Counseling
If you�re feeling disoriented, counseling may help to anchor your thoughts.
Counseling is also used as a treatment for people whose delirium was brought on by substance use. In these cases, the treatment can help you abstain from using the substances that brought on the delirium.
In all cases, counseling is intended to make you feel comfortable and give you a safe place to discuss your thoughts and feelings.
Disease: delirium
Question: for delirium, outlook?
Answer: Recovering from delirium takes time. It can take weeks or months for you to think, speak, and feel physically like your old self. Sometimes, certain changes may be permanent. The course of recovery is different for everyone.
To reduce the chance of delirium coming back, follow your treatment plan carefully to address underlying causes. Do your best to avoid stress and maintain health-promoting habits, such as eating well, drinking lots of water, and getting quality sleep.
Delirium can often
go unrecognized. If you notice a changed mental state or level of alertness in yourself or your loved one, it�s important to talk with a doctor. Sudden changes may be a sign of a medical emergency.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: what is neutropenia? Tell me about neutropenia? What kind of disease is neutropenia? Can you elaborate on neutropenia? What can you tell me about neutropenia? Could you describe what neutropenia is? I�d like to know more about neutropenia. Can you help? What information do you have on neutropenia? Could you provide information on neutropenia?
Answer: Neutropenia is a blood condition characterized by low levels of neutrophils, which are white blood cells that protect your body from infections. This means your body can�t fight off bacteria.
Having neutropenia increases your risk for many types of infection. Read on to learn about the types, causes, and treatments for the condition.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, types of neutropenia?
Answer: There are four types of neutropenia:
Congenital
Congenital neutropenia is present at birth. Severe congenital neutropenia is also called Kostmann syndrome. It causes very low neutrophil levels and in some cases, complete lack of neutrophils. This puts infants and young children at risk for serious infections.
Cyclic
Cyclic neutropenia is present at birth and causes neutrophil counts to vary in a 21-day cycle. A period of neutropenia may last a few days, followed by normal levels for the rest of the cycle. The cycle then begins again.
Autoimmune
With autoimmune neutropenia, your body makes antibodies that fight your neutrophils. These antibodies kill the neutrophils, causing neutropenia.
Autoimmune neutropenia is most common in infants and young children, with the average age of diagnosis between 7 and 9 months
.
Idiopathic
Idiopathic neutropenia develops any time in life and can affect anyone. The cause is unknown.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, what are the symptoms of neutropenia??
Answer: Neutropenia symptoms can range from mild to severe. The lower the level of neutrophils, the more intense the symptoms.
Typical symptoms include:
fever
pneumonia
sinus infections
otitis media (ear infection)
gingivitis (gum inflammation)
omphalitis (navel infection)
skin abscesses
Severe congenital neutropenia can have serious symptoms. The symptoms often include bacterial infections. These infections can grow on the skin and in the digestive and respiratory systems.
The symptoms of cyclic neutropenia recur in 3-week cycles. Infections can increase when neutrophil levels fall.
The symptoms of autoimmune and idiopathic neutropenia include infections. They�re usually not as severe as those in congenital forms.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, what causes neutropenia??
Answer: Neutropenia can be triggered by:
chemotherapy
radiation therapy
the use of certain drugs
Other causes include:
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, which is an inherited condition affecting many organs and often characterized by bone marrow and pancreatic failure
glycogen-storage disease type 1b, which is a rare inherited disorder that affects blood sugar levels
leukemia
viral illnesses
severe aplastic anemia
Fanconi anemia
conditions that affect bone marrow
infections, both viral and bacterial, including HIV, hepatitis, tuberculosis, and Lyme disease
deficiencies in certain vitamins and minerals, including B12, folic acid, and copper
According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, most people with severe congenital neutropenia have no family history of the condition.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, who is at risk??
Answer: The risk of neutropenia is increased by certain conditions, such as:
cancer
leukemia
a weakened immune system
Chemotherapy and radiation therapy also raise the risk.
Idiopathic neutropenia affects people of all ages, but people over 70 are at higher risk. Men and women are at equal risk.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, diagnosing neutropenia?
Answer: Your doctor can use these tests to diagnose neutropenia:
Complete blood count (CBC). This test measures neutrophil counts. Intermittent CBC tests can help your doctor check for changes in neutrophil count three times per week for 6 weeks.
Antibody blood test. This test checks for autoimmune neutropenia.
Bone marrow aspirate. This procedure tests bone marrow cells.
Bone marrow biopsy. This involves testing a piece of the bony part of bone marrow.
Cytogenetic and molecular testing. This testing helps your healthcare provider study the structures of the cells.
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, treating neutropenia?
Answer: Most cases of neutropenia can be treated with granulocyte-colony stimulating factors (G-CSF). This is a synthetic copy of the hormone that causes neutrophils to grow in the bone marrow. G-CSF can increase the number of neutrophils.
G-CSF is usually given as a daily subcutaneous (under the skin) injection. The treatment sometimes includes bone marrow transplants. This is usually when leukemia is present or G-CSF doesn�t work.
The following therapies can also treat infections that occur due to the disorder:
antibiotics
anti-inflammatory drugs
corticosteroids
cytokines
glucocorticoids
immunoglobulins
immunosuppressive drugs
white blood cell transfusions
vitamins
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, outlook?
Answer: Neutropenia can last for months or years. It�s called acute when it lasts for fewer than 3 months. When it lasts for a longer time, it�s called chronic.
Lower neutrophil levels can cause dangerous infections. These infections can be life threatening when they�re untreated.
Having severe congenital neutropenia increases your risk for other conditions. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, about 40 percent of people with congenital neutropenia have decreased bone density. This puts them at a higher risk for osteoporosis.
About 20 percent have leukemia or blood and bone marrow disease in adolescence.
Treatment of neutropenia emphasizes helping you live a normal life. Managing it involves:
annual bone marrow monitoring
monthly CBC tests
emotional support
psychological therapy
Disease: neutropenia
Question: for neutropenia, can you prevent neutropenia??
Answer: No specific prevention for neutropenia is known. However, the National Neutropenia Network advises the following to reduce complications:
Maintain good oral hygiene. Get regular dental exams, and use an antibacterial mouthwash.
Keep vaccinations current.
Get medical care for a fever above 101.3�F (38.5�C).
Wash your hands thoroughly.
Care for cuts and scrapes.
Use antibiotics and antifungals as directed.
Know how to reach your doctor and hospital.
Talk with your doctor before traveling out of the country.
These preventive lifestyle measures can help you to reduce potential complications of neutropenia. Talk with your doctor about any symptoms that arise, and always know how to reach your doctor and hospital.
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: what is hyperbilirubinemia? Tell me about hyperbilirubinemia? What kind of disease is hyperbilirubinemia? Can you elaborate on hyperbilirubinemia? What can you tell me about hyperbilirubinemia? Could you describe what hyperbilirubinemia is? I�d like to know more about hyperbilirubinemia. Can you help? What information do you have on hyperbilirubinemia? Could you provide information on hyperbilirubinemia?
Answer: Many newborns naturally � and temporarily � have elevated blood levels of bilirubin. In adults, high bilirubin may indicate health conditions such as gallstones or liver issues. It may occur with jaundice.
Bilirubin is a yellowish substance in your blood. It forms after red blood cells break down and travel through your liver, gallbladder, and digestive tract before excretion.
The condition of having high bilirubin levels is called hyperbilirubinemia. It�s usually a sign of an underlying condition, so following up with a doctor is essential if test results show you have high bilirubin.
It�s also a common temporary condition in newborns.
Read on to learn more about the symptoms of high bilirubin and what can cause it.
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, what level of bilirubin is concerning??
Answer: Typically, adult bilirubin levels fall between 0.2 and 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). Anything above 1.2 mg/dL is usually considered elevated.
For children ages 15 days to 18 years, healthy bilirubin levels should be less than 1.0 mg/dL.
Understanding what constitutes an elevated value for newborns depends on what condition the doctor is treating. Doctors will usually worry if bilirubin rises a certain amount in 24 hours.
For example, a level of 8 mg/dl may not seem too concerning on day 2 of life, but if the day 1 value was 2 mg/dl, that 6 mg/dl rise can indicate a need for closer monitoring and treatment.
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, what causes high bilirubin??
Answer: Having high bilirubin can be a sign of several conditions. Your doctor will take your symptoms, as well as any other test results, into account to help narrow down a diagnosis.
Gallstones: These develop when substances like cholesterol or bilirubin harden in your gallbladder. Your gallbladder stores bile, a digestive fluid that helps break down fats before they enter your intestines.
Gilbert�s syndrome: This is a genetic liver condition that causes your liver not to process bilirubin properly. This causes the bilirubin to build up in your bloodstream.
Liver dysfunction: This can be any condition that affects the function of your liver and causes bilirubin to build up in your blood. This is a result of your liver losing its ability to remove and process bilirubin from your bloodstream. Examples include cirrhosis, liver cancer, or autoimmune hepatitis.
Hepatitis: This happens when your liver becomes inflamed, often due to a viral infection. When it�s inflamed, your liver can�t easily process bilirubin, leading to a buildup of it in your blood.
Bile duct obstruction: Bile ducts connect your liver to your gallbladder and the opening of your small intestine, called the duodenum. They help to move bile, which contains bilirubin, from your liver and gallbladder into your intestines. Bile can�t be drained adequately if these ducts become inflamed or blocked. This can lead to an increased level of bilirubin.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: This is a temporary condition during the last trimester of pregnancy. It causes bile drainage from your liver to either slow down or stop entirely. This makes it harder for your liver to process bilirubin from your blood, leading to high bilirubin levels.
Hemolytic anemia: This happens when blood cells break down too quickly in your bloodstream. It�s sometimes passed down genetically, but autoimmune conditions, an enlarged spleen, or an infection can also cause it.
Bilirubin levels in newborns
Many babies have high bilirubin a few days after birth, causing newborn jaundice. This temporary condition usually resolves on its own within a few weeks.
It happens because newborns have more red blood cells and break them down more quickly, but their livers are not developed enough to keep up.
Before being born, the pregnant person�s liver helps with this task. A newborn�s liver is only about 1%
as active as an adult�s.
In most cases, higher bilirubin levels will lead to jaundice between 1 and 3 days after birth. Bilirubin levels can peak as high as 18 mg/dL on the fourth or fifth day, and jaundice typically clears up within 2 weeks as the liver matures.
Feeding 8 to 12 times per day helps to promote regular bowel movements, which help to remove bilirubin from the body.
If jaundice occurs within the first 24 hours after birth, or if bilirubin levels are especially high or don�t begin to fall on their own, doctors may intervene with treatments such as:
phototherapy
intravenous immunoglobulin treatment
exchange transfusion
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, what are the symptoms of high bilirubin??
Answer: If you have high bilirubin, your symptoms will depend on the underlying cause. You can have mildly high bilirubin and have no symptoms at all.
With moderately high bilirubin, you may only have jaundice, which is a yellowish color in your eyes and skin. Jaundice is the main sign of high bilirubin levels.
Other general signs of illnesses that cause high bilirubin can include:
abdominal pain or swelling
chills
fever
chest pain
weakness
lightheadedness
fatigue
nausea
vomiting
unusually dark urine
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, why do a bilirubin test??
Answer: Bilirubin levels are usually tested by taking a blood sample. A doctor will usually order this to check your liver function if you or your newborn are experiencing symptoms of high bilirubin or jaundice.
In newborns, blood is typically taken from the heel. In some cases, doctors might use blood from the umbilical cord.
For adults, blood is usually taken from one arm. You may need to fast before your blood test.
Two types of bilirubin will be measured: conjugated bilirubin and unconjugated bilirubin. The ratio between these two types of bilirubin will help narrow down the underlying cause of high bilirubin levels.
Sometimes, a urine sample will be used to test bilirubin levels. No bilirubin shouldn�t be present in urine, so any bilirubin found in a urine sample indicates an underlying condition.
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, frequently asked questions:?
Answer: Should I be worried about high bilirubin levels?
In many cases, high bilirubin isn�t a sign of anything that needs immediate treatment.
But if you notice any of the following symptoms, call a doctor or head to urgent care just in case:
intense abdominal pain or tenderness
drowsiness or disorientation
black or bloody stools
vomiting blood
a fever of 101�F (38.3�C) or higher
easy bruising or bleeding
red or purple skin rash
What does it mean when your bilirubin levels are high?
High bilirubin levels often mean that your liver isn�t filtering bilirubin the way it�s supposed to. There are many causes for this in adults. In newborns, the cause is usually newborn jaundice.
Does high bilirubin always mean liver damage?
High bilirubin levels may mean a problem with your liver, but not necessarily. There are causes unrelated to the liver that can raise your bilirubin levels, such as hemolytic anemia.
Disease: hyperbilirubinemia
Question: for hyperbilirubinemia, the bottom line?
Answer: High bilirubin levels usually indicate that something is not working as expected in your liver or gallbladder. Some of these conditions aren�t too serious, but monitoring and treating them is essential.
Anyone with jaundice, the main sign of high bilirubin levels, should contact their doctor. If your doctor isn�t immediately sure what�s causing your high bilirubin levels, you may need to return for additional blood, liver function, or other tests.
Disease: influenza
Question: what is influenza? Tell me about influenza? What kind of disease is influenza? Can you elaborate on influenza? What can you tell me about influenza? Could you describe what influenza is? I�d like to know more about influenza. Can you help? What information do you have on influenza? Could you provide information on influenza?
Answer: Type A influenza is a common infection that can cause widespread flu outbreaks. It can cause fever, body aches, chills, fatigue, and other symptoms.
Influenza � also known as the flu � is a contagious viral infection that attacks your respiratory system.
Influenza viruses that infect humans can be classified into three main groups: A, B, and C. Type A influenza infection can be serious and cause widespread outbreaks and disease.
Common symptoms of type A infection can be confused with other conditions. While in some milder cases the flu can resolve on its own without significant symptoms, severe cases of type A influenza can be life-threatening.
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, influenza a symptoms?
Answer: Unlike a common cold, the flu typically occurs with a sudden onset of symptoms. Common signs of an influenza infection include:
coughing
runny or stuffy nose
sneezing
sore throat
fever
headache
fatigue
chills
body aches
Sometimes, influenza A symptoms may resolve on their own. However, if symptoms persist for more than a week without improvement, schedule a visit with your doctor.
People who are at high risk for flu complications, such as those who are 65 years old and up or who have weakened immune systems, should seek immediate medical treatment. In rare cases, the flu can be deadly.
Left untreated, the flu can cause:
ear infection
diarrhea
nausea
vomiting
dizziness
abdominal pain
chest pain
asthma attack
pneumonia
bronchitis
cardiac issues
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, influenza a vs. influenza b?
Answer: Types A and B influenza are the more common forms of this infection, routinely causing seasonal outbreaks. Type C influenza usually only causes mild respiratory infections.
Type B influenza can be just as severe as type A influenza but is less common throughout the flu season compared to type A.
Humans are the natural host for type B infection. Type B viruses mutate much slower than type A infections and are categorized by strains, but not subtypes. The B virus strains take longer for their genetic makeup to change than influenza A. This drastically reduces the risk of a widespread pandemic due to type B influenza.
Type A influenza can be dangerous and is known to cause outbreaks and increase your risk of disease. Unlike a type B infection, type A viruses are categorized by subtypes and strains. Influenza A mutates faster than influenza B, but both viruses are always changing, creating new strains from one flu season to the next. Past flu vaccinations will not prevent infection from a new strain.
Wild birds are the natural hosts for a type A virus, also called avian flu and bird flu. This infection can also spread to other animals and humans. This, combined with the ability of type A influenza to mutate faster than type B, can cause pandemics.
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, diagnosing influenza a?
Answer: Before treating your condition, your doctor will need to check for the influenza virus. The preferred test is the rapid molecular assay. In this procedure, your doctor swabs your nose or throat. The test will detect influenza viral RNA within 30 minutes or less.
Results aren�t always accurate, and your doctor may have to make a diagnosis based on your symptoms or other flu tests.
Disease: influenza
Question: for influenza, treatment?
Answer: In some cases, influenza A symptoms can clear on their own with ample rest and fluid intake. In other cases, your doctor may prescribe antiviral medication to fight the infection.
Common antiviral prescriptions include:
zanamivir (Relenza)
oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
peramivir (Rapivab)
These medications, known as neuraminidase inhibitors, reduce the ability of the influenza virus to spread from cell to cell, slowing down the infection process.
Though effective, these medications can cause side effects such as nausea and vomiting. If you begin to experience any of these symptoms or if your condition worsens, stop using the prescription and visit your doctor immediately.
A new medication called baloxavir marboxil (Xofluza), created by a Japanese pharmaceutical company, was approved in October 2018 by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
. This antiviral drug helps stop the influenza virus from replicating.
Over-the-counter medication therapy can also ease flu symptoms. Be sure to stay hydrated to loosen mucus in your chest and strengthen your immune system.
How long is it contagious?
If you have the flu, you�re contagious from at least a day before you begin to experience symptoms up through five days after your symptoms begin.
In more severe cases, you could be contagious for even longer after you begin experiencing symptoms. This number can fluctuate if your immune system is weak or undeveloped, specifically in cases of children or older adults.