falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, what is metastatic cancer??
Answer: The first cancerous tumor that develops is the primary tumor. This tumor can grow big enough to push into nearby tissue and organs. Also, cells can break away from the tumor and spread through tissue to form new tumors in nearby tissues, organs, or lymph nodes.
Cancer cells can also enter your bloodstream or lymphatic system. From there, they can travel just about anywhere in your body. When tumors form in a distant part of your body, you have metastatic cancer. For many types of cancer, metastatic cancer is also known as stage 4 cancer.
Most of the time, metastatic cancer is not curable, though many cases are treatable. People with well-controlled metastatic cancer can live for many years.
Advanced vs. metastatic cancer
Advanced cancer is typically cancer that cannot be cured. Advanced cancer can be locally advanced or metastatic. For example, some large brain tumors may be advanced even though they have not spread beyond the brain.
Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from the original tumor to a distant part of the body. But some metastatic cancers are not advanced. For example, some instances of metastatic testicular cancer are curable, according to the American Cancer Society
.
Some doctors may use these words interchangeably, so it�s important to ask what they mean by �advanced� or �metastatic� cancer.
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Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, what types of cancer are more likely to metastasize??
Answer: All cancers can metastasize, and metastasis is a key cause
of death from cancer. Together, these cancers are responsible for almost 50%
of all cancer deaths:
lung and bronchus
colon and rectal
pancreatic
breast
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, where do metastatic cancers commonly spread to, and what are the symptoms??
Answer: Cancer can spread almost anywhere, but different types of cancer tend to spread to certain places. The following are the most common
sites of metastasis, according to the National Cancer Institute:
Metastatic cancer type Main sites of metastasis
bladder bone, liver, lung
breast bone, brain, liver, lung
colon liver, lung, peritoneum (the membrane that lines your abdominal cavity)
kidney adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, lung
lung adrenal gland, bone, brain, liver, the other lung
melanoma bone, brain, liver, lung, skin, muscle
ovarian liver, lung, peritoneum
pancreatic liver, lung, peritoneum
prostate adrenal gland, bone, liver, lung
rectal liver, lung, peritoneum
stomach liver, lung, peritoneum
thyroid bone, liver, lung
uterine bone, liver, lung, peritoneum, vagina
General symptoms of metastasis
Fatigue and weight loss are among the general symptoms of metastatic cancer. Other symptoms depend on the site of metastasis, such as:
Bone: pain, easily fractured bones
Brain: headache, dizziness, vision problems, seizures
Lung: shortness of breath, cough, chest pain
Liver: jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), bloating, abdominal pain
The number and size of tumors can also affect the symptoms.
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, how are metastatic cancers diagnosed??
Answer: Diagnosing metastatic cancer may involve imaging tests such as:
X-ray
ultrasound
CT scan
MRI scan
PET scan
bone scan
A biopsy of a tumor can help identify the type of cancer.
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, how are metastatic cancers treated??
Answer: Cancer is harder to treat once it spreads beyond the original site. Because every type of metastatic cancer is different, treatment options vary.
The main treatments are based on the specific type of cancer, which refers to where the cancer started, not where it has spread to. For example, colon cancer that spreads to the liver is treated as colon cancer, not liver cancer.
Other factors that affect treatment options are:
site or sites of metastasis
previous cancer treatments, if any
age and overall health
Treatment may include one or more of the following:
surgery
chemotherapy
radiation therapy
targeted therapies
immunotherapy
hormonal therapy
palliative care
In some cases, the goal of treatment may be to cure the cancer or slow it down. In others, you may want to focus on symptom relief and quality of life. You can always receive palliative care along with other treatments.
Doctors will help determine the best treatment plan based on the specifics of your situation and your preferences.
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, what�s the outlook for people with metastatic cancer??
Answer: The outlook depends on many things, including the specific type of cancer. For example, research from 2017 looked at survival after bone metastasis by primary cancer type.
Follow-ups at 1 and 5 years suggest that people with bone metastasis from breast cancer have a better outlook than people with bone metastasis from lung cancer.
Other factors that can influence survival rates are:
site or sites of metastasis
your body�s response to specific treatments
your age and general health
Survival rates vary for different types of cancer. The following are the 5-year relative survival rates for several types of cancer that were metastatic at diagnosis:
Metastatic cancer type 5-year relative survival rate
prostate 32.3%
breast 30.0%
colorectal 15.1%
lung and bronchus 7.0%
pancreatic 3.1%
These statistics represent people who received a diagnosis from 2012 to 2018. They don�t include people who received a diagnosis or treatment after 2018 and may not reflect the latest treatments.
Keep in mind that these are general statistics and your doctor will be able to offer a more personal outlook.
Disease: neoplasm metastasis
Question: for neoplasm metastasis, takeaway?
Answer: Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from its primary site to a distant part of the body. For many types of cancer, �metastatic� refers to stage 4 cancer. Metastatic cancer is often treatable, though it�s challenging.
Most metastatic cancers are not curable, but it�s possible to live for many years with metastatic cancer if the disease is well managed.
Survival rates are general statistics based on people who received a diagnosis at least 5 years ago. Because there are so many variables, your outlook may be quite different. That�s why it�s best to discuss your outlook with your doctor.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: what is malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? Tell me about malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? What kind of disease is malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? Can you elaborate on malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? What can you tell me about malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? Could you describe what malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon is? I�d like to know more about malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon. Can you help? What information do you have on malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon? Could you provide information on malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon?
Answer: Colon cancer occurs when cells in your large intestine and rectum grow out of control. Treatment can vary by the stage and type of colon cancer.
Colon cancer is a type of cancer that starts in your colon (large intestine) or rectum. Your colon and rectum are the organs that make up the lower portion of your digestive system.
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
, colon cancer � also known as colorectal cancer � is the third most common type of cancer in the United States when certain common skin cancers are excluded. In fact, the American Cancer Society (ACS)
estimates that about 1 in 23 men and 1 in 25 women will develop colorectal cancer during their lifetime.
The symptoms, treatment, and outlook for colon cancer will generally depend on the stage your cancer is in when you�re first diagnosed.
Learn more about colon cancer stages, causes, and risk factors � plus resources to help you find support.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, stages of colon cancer?
Answer: Doctors use staging as a general guideline to figure out how far along the cancer is. It�s important for a doctor to know the stage of the cancer because it helps determine the best treatment plan for you. It�s also a good way to estimate your long-term outlook.
Stage 0 colon cancer is the earliest stage, and stage 4 is the most advanced stage. Here�s how the stages are defined:
Stage 0. Also known as carcinoma in situ, in this stage abnormal cells are only in the inner lining of the colon or rectum.
Stage 1. The cancer has penetrated the lining, or mucosa, of the colon or rectum and may have grown into the muscle layer. It hasn�t spread to nearby lymph nodes or to other parts of the body.
Stage 2. The cancer has spread to the walls of the colon or rectum, or through the walls to nearby tissues, but hasn�t affected the lymph nodes.
Stage 3. The cancer has moved to the lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body.
Stage 4. The cancer has spread to other distant organs, such as the liver or lungs.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, what are the symptoms of colon cancer??
Answer: You might not experience colon cancer symptoms at all, especially in the early stages. If you do experience symptoms in stages 0 through 2, they�ll often include:
constipation
diarrhea
changes in stool color
changes in stool shape, such as narrowed stool
blood in the stool
bleeding from the rectum
excessive gas
abdominal cramps
abdominal pain
Many of these symptoms can also be caused by other, less serious, conditions. However, it�s a good idea to see a doctor if you�ve had any of these symptoms for longer than a week or two. You and your doctor can talk about your symptoms and decide if colon cancer screening is appropriate.
Stage 3 or 4 symptoms (late-stage symptoms)
Colon cancer symptoms are more noticeable in stages 3 and 4. In addition to the above symptoms, you might also experience:
excessive fatigue
unexplained weakness
unintentional weight loss
changes in your stool that last longer than a month
a feeling that your bowels won�t completely empty
vomiting
If colon cancer spreads to other parts of your body, you may also experience:
jaundice, or yellow eyes and skin
swelling in the hands or feet
breathing difficulties
chronic headaches
blurry vision
bone fractures
Symptoms by stage
Stage 1 symptoms Stage 2 symptoms Stage 3 symptoms Stage 4 symptoms
constipation constipation excessive fatigue jaundice
diarrhea diarrhea unexplained weakness swollen hands and feet
changes in stool color or shape changes in stool color or shape unintentional weight loss breathing difficulties
blood in stool blood in stool changes in stool that last longer than a month chronic headaches
bleeding from rectum bleeding from rectum a feeling that your bowels won�t completely empty blurry vision
excessive gas excessive gas vomiting bone fractures
abdominal cramps abdominal cramps
abdominal pain abdominal pain
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, are there different types of colon cancer??
Answer: It might surprise you to learn that there is more than one type of colon cancer. There are different types of cells that turn cancerous and there are cells in different parts of the digestive tract that can lead to colon cancer.
The most common type of colon cancer starts from adenocarcinomas. Adenocarcinomas form within the cells that make mucus in either the colon or rectum. According to the ACS
, adenocarcinomas make up most colon cancer cases.
Less commonly, colon cancers are caused by other types of tumors, such as:
lymphomas, which can form in lymph nodes or in the colon first
carcinoids, which start in hormone-making cells within your intestines
sarcomas, which form in soft tissues such as muscles in the colon
gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which can start off as benign and then become cancerous (They usually form in the digestive tract, but rarely in the colon.)
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, what causes colon cancer??
Answer: Researchers are still studying the causes of colon cancer.
Cancer may be caused by genetic mutations that can either be inherited or acquired. These mutations don�t guarantee you�ll develop colon cancer, but they do increase your chances.
Some mutations may cause abnormal cells to accumulate in the lining of the colon, forming polyps. These are small, benign growths. However, untreated polyps can become cancerous. Removing these growths through surgery can be a preventive measure.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, what are the risk factors for colon cancer??
Answer: There are some risk factors that can increase your chances of developing colon cancer. Having one of these risk factors doesn�t automatically mean you�ll get colon cancer, but it does make it more likely than if you had no risk factors.
Risk factors you can�t change
Some factors that increase your risk of developing colon cancer can�t be changed. For instance, your age, ethnicity, and family health history can all impact your risk of colon cancer.
Risk factors you can�t control include:
being over 50
a prior history of colon polyps
a prior history of bowel diseases
a family history of colorectal cancer
having certain genetic syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
being of African or Ashkenazi Jewish descent
Risk factors you can avoid
Other risk factors are avoidable. This means you can change them to decrease your risk of developing colon cancer. Avoidable risk factors include:
being overweight or having obesity
being a smoker
being a heavy drinker
having type 2 diabetes
having a sedentary lifestyle
consuming a diet high in processed meats
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, what are the treatment options for colon cancer??
Answer: Treatment of colon cancer depends on a variety of factors. A doctor will determine the best treatment plan for you based on your overall health and the stage of your colon cancer.
Surgery
In the earliest stages of colon cancer, it�s often possible for your surgeon to remove cancerous polyps through surgery. If the polyp hasn�t attached to the wall of the bowels, you�ll likely have an excellent outlook.
Your surgeon may need to remove a portion of the colon or rectum and the neighboring lymph nodes If your cancer has spread into your bowel walls. Your surgeon might be able to reattach the remaining healthy portion of the colon to the rectum. If this isn�t possible, they may perform a colostomy. This involves creating an opening in the abdominal wall for the removal of waste. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy involves the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. For people with colon cancer, chemotherapy commonly takes place after surgery and is used to destroy lingering cancerous cells. Chemotherapy also controls the growth of tumors.
Chemotherapy drugs used to treat colon cancer include:
capecitabine (Xeloda)
fluorouracil
oxaliplatin (Eloxatin)
irinotecan (Camptosar)
Chemotherapy often comes with side effects that need to be controlled with additional medication.
Radiation
Radiation uses a powerful beam of energy, similar to that used in X-rays, to target and destroy cancerous cells before and after surgery. Radiation therapy commonly occurs alongside chemotherapy.
Other medications
Targeted therapies and immunotherapies may also be recommended. Drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat colon cancer include:
bevacizumab (Avastin)
ramucirumab (Cyramza)
ziv-aflibercept (Zaltrap)
cetuximab (Erbitux)
panitumumab (Vectibix)
regorafenib (Stivarga)
pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
nivolumab (Opdivo)
ipilimumab (Yervoy)
They can treat metastatic, or late-stage, colon cancer that doesn�t respond to other types of treatment and has spread to other parts of the body.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, what�s the outlook for people with colon cancer??
Answer: It can be alarming and stressful to get a serious diagnosis like colon cancer. Fortunately, colon cancer is treatable, especially when detected early. In fact, according to the ACS, colon cancer that�s diagnosed before it has spread past the colon and rectum has a 91 percent 5-year survival rate
. Additionally, these survival rates are based on data from 2010 to 2016. New cancer treatments have led to increasingly improved outcomes in more recent years.
However, colon cancer cases have also risen among younger people in recent years. According to the ACS
, while colon cancer deaths declined in older adults, deaths in people younger than 50 years old increased between 2008 and 2017.
Colon cancer stage at diagnosis Survival rate
Stage 0 and Stage 1 91%
Stage 2 and Stage 3 72%
Stage 4 14%
Overall 63%
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, can colon cancer be prevented??
Answer: Certain risk factors for colon cancer, such as family history and age, aren�t preventable.
However, lifestyle factors that may contribute to colon cancer are preventable, and changing them might help lower your overall risk of developing this disease.
You can take steps now to reduce your risk by:
decreasing the amount of red meat you eat
avoiding processed meats, such as hot dogs and deli meats
eating more plant-based foods
decreasing dietary fat
exercising daily
losing weight, if your doctor recommends it
quitting smoking
reducing alcohol consumption
decreasing stress
managing preexisting diabetes
Another preventive measure? Getting a colonoscopy or other cancer screening when you turn 45 years old. The earlier the cancer is detected, the better the outcome.
Disease: malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon
Question: for malignant tumor of colon or carcinoma colon, next steps?
Answer: Surgery is often the first step in treating colon cancer. Your next steps will depend on how you respond to surgery and what further treatments you need.
No matter what happens on your treatment journey, you�ll need support along the way. It�s important to talk to your medical team and loved ones and to feel comfortable reaching out for help. Check out the resources below to start building a support system.
The Colorectal Cancer Alliance Helpline (877-422-2030) is a free service that can connect you to resources and peer support.
The Colorectal Cancer support group live chatmeets every weekday between 12 pm and 1 pm EST.
Blue Hope Nation is a supportive Facebook group for colon cancer patients and famiy members.
CancerCare offers a Colorectal Cancer Patient Support Group led by an oncology social worker.
Fight Colorectal Cancer offers a resource library for people with colon cancer including videos, podcasts, and more to support you through treatment and beyond.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: what is ketoacidosis diabetic? Tell me about ketoacidosis diabetic? What kind of disease is ketoacidosis diabetic? Can you elaborate on ketoacidosis diabetic? What can you tell me about ketoacidosis diabetic? Could you describe what ketoacidosis diabetic is? I�d like to know more about ketoacidosis diabetic. Can you help? What information do you have on ketoacidosis diabetic? Could you provide information on ketoacidosis diabetic?
Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when a person with diabetes type 1 or 2 has dangerously high levels of ketones in the body. It can be a medical emergency.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, what is diabetic ketoacidosis??
Answer: Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious complication of type 1 diabetes and, much less commonly, of type 2 diabetes. DKA happens when your blood sugar is very high and acidic substances called ketones build up to dangerous levels in your body.
Ketoacidosis shouldn�t be confused with ketosis, which is harmless. Ketosis can occur as a result of an extremely low carbohydrate diet, known as a ketogenic diet, or from fasting.
DKA only happens when you don�t have enough insulin in your body to process blood sugar into energy. If this happens, your liver starts to process fat into energy, which releases ketones into the blood. High levels of ketones in the blood are dangerous.
It�s less common in people with type 2 diabetes because insulin levels don�t usually drop so low, but it can happen. DKA may be the first sign of type 1 diabetes, as people with this disease can�t make their own insulin.
Disease: ketoacidosis diabetic
Question: for ketoacidosis diabetic, what are the symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis??
Answer: Symptoms of DKA can appear quickly.
Early symptoms of DKA can include:
frequent urination
extreme thirst or dry mouth
high blood sugar levels, also known as hyperglycemia
high levels of ketones in the urine
As DKA progresses, more symptoms may appear:
nausea or vomiting
abdominal pain
confusion
fruity-smelling breath
flushed face
fatigue or weakness
rapid breathing
dry skin
loss of consciousness, also known as fainting or syncope
DKA is a medical emergency. Call your local emergency services immediately if you think you may be experiencing DKA.
If left untreated, DKA can lead to a coma or death. If you use insulin, make sure you discuss the risk of DKA with your healthcare team and have a plan in place.
If you have type 1 diabetes and have a blood sugar reading of over 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL), you should test yourself for ketones using a urine or blood test.
You should also test if you are sick or planning on exercising and your blood sugar is 240 mg/dL or higher.
Call your doctor if moderate or high levels of ketones are present. Always seek medical help if you suspect you are progressing to DKA.
People with type 2 diabetes are usually at lower risk of DKA. But the risk can increase when your body is under strain due to injury, infection, or surgery.
When to get emergency help
If you have any of the following symptoms, and you can�t reach your doctor, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
recommends getting emergency help right away:
a blood sugar level that stays at 300 mg/dL or higher
breath that smells fruity
severe vomiting, where you can�t keep food or drinks down
difficulty breathing
multiple symptoms of DKA
Get help by calling local emergency services or having someone take you to the nearest emergency room.
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