falan42/healifyLLM-QA-scraped-dataset huggingface dataset:
Disease: neoplasm
Question: for neoplasm, how is neoplastic disease treated??
Answer: Your treatment will depend on the size and location of the tumor and on whether it�s benign or malignant. Some begin neoplasms won�t need any immediate treatment. When treatment is needed, it might include:
Monitoring. Benign growths don�t always need treatment, but a doctor will likely still want to keep an eye on them.
Surgery. One of the first treatment steps is often to remove the tumor surgically. Doctors might also remove some of the surrounding tissue.
Ablation. Ablation is a treatment that uses extreme heat or extreme cold to shrink and kill neoplasms.
Embolization. This treatment cuts off the blood flow to the tumor. This stops growth and kills the tumor.
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is common treatment for malignant neoplastic diseases. It�s used to kill cancerous tumor cells in your body.
Radiation. Radiation treatments can target and kill cancer cells.
Hormonal therapy. Hormones encourage the growth of some types of neoplasms. Hormone therapy decreases the growth signals for some neoplasms.
Immunotherapy. Immunotherapy helps your immune system fight cancer cells. It can be used as a treatment for malignant neoplastic disease.
Disease: neoplasm
Question: for neoplasm, takeaway?
Answer: If you notice any unusual growths, moles, or skin rashes, schedule a visit with a doctor. Don�t try to self-diagnose tumors.
If you�ve been diagnosed with a benign neoplasm, a doctor may want to monitor your symptoms to identify any unusual activity. If it grows, you should contact a doctor. Benign tumors can become cancerous over time.
If you�ve been diagnosed with a malignant neoplastic disease such as cancer, you should consult with a doctor about treatment options.
Early diagnosis will give you the best treatment options for your condition.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: what is embolism pulmonary? Tell me about embolism pulmonary? What kind of disease is embolism pulmonary? Can you elaborate on embolism pulmonary? What can you tell me about embolism pulmonary? Could you describe what embolism pulmonary is? I�d like to know more about embolism pulmonary. Can you help? What information do you have on embolism pulmonary? Could you provide information on embolism pulmonary?
Answer: What is a pulmonary embolism?
A pulmonary embolism (PE) is a blood clot that occurs in the lungs.
It can damage part of the lung due to:
Large or multiple blood clots can be life threatening. However, immediate emergency treatment for a PE greatly increases your chances of avoiding permanent lung damage.
Explore the interactive 3-D diagram below to learn more about pulmonary embolism symptoms.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, what are the symptoms of a pulmonary embolism??
Answer: Symptoms of a PE depend on the size of the clot and where it gets stuck in the lung.
The most common symptom of a PE is shortness of breath. This may be gradual or sudden.
Other symptoms include:
anxiety
clammy or bluish skin
chest pain that may extend into your arm, jaw, neck, and shoulder
fainting
irregular heartbeat
lightheadedness
rapid breathing
rapid heartbeat
spitting up blood
weak pulse
If you notice one or more of these symptoms, especially shortness of breath, you should seek medical attention immediately.
Read more: How to tell if you have a blood clot.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, what causes a pulmonary embolism??
Answer: Blood clots can form for a variety of reasons. PEs are most often caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a condition in which blood clots form in veins deep in the body. The blood clots that most often cause PEs begin in the legs or pelvis.
Blood clots in the deep veins of the body can have several different causes, including:
Injury or damage. Injuries like bone fractures or muscle tears can cause damage to blood vessels, leading to clots.
Inactivity. During long periods of inactivity, gravity causes blood to collect in the lowest areas of your body, which may lead to a blood clot. This could occur if you�re sitting for a lengthy trip or if you�re lying in bed recovering from an illness.
Medical conditions. Some health conditions cause blood to clot easily, which can lead to PE. Treatments that involve surgery often lead to short-term bed rest or limited movement, which can make clotting more likely. Also, certain medical therapies for cancer can have side effects such as clotting in the blood. This puts you at risk for DVT and PE.
There are additional risk factors that increase your odds of having the type of blood clot that can cause PE.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, what are the risk factors for a pulmonary embolism??
Answer: Factors that increase your risk of developing DVT and PE include:
cancer
a family history of embolisms
hypercoagulable states (blood prone to clotting) or genetic blood clotting disorders, including:
factor V Leiden
prothrombin gene mutation
high levels of homocysteine
a history of heart attack or stroke
obesity
a sedentary lifestyle
taking estrogen or testosterone
Read more: Learn about the risks of DVT.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, how is a pulmonary embolism treated??
Answer: Your treatment for a PE depends on the size and location of the blood clot. If the problem is minor and caught early, a doctor may recommend medication as treatment. Some drugs can break up small clots.
A doctor may prescribe:
Anticoagulants. Also called blood thinners, medications such as heparin and warfarin prevent new clots from forming in your blood. They can save your life in an emergency situation. Another commonly used category of anticoagulant is the direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), such as rivaroxaban (Xarelto) and apixaban (Eliquis). These medications are FDA approved for the treatment and prevention of PE and DVT.
Clot dissolvers (thrombolytics). These drugs break down a clot to improve blood flow and perfusion. They are reserved for people hospitalized in emergency situations because side effects may include dangerous bleeding problems.
Minimally invasive procedures or surgery may be necessary if you�re unstable because of the problematic clots and you need urgent reperfusion to improve blood flow to your lungs and heart, especially when thrombolytics can not be used.
Some procedures a doctor may use in the case of a pulmonary embolism include:
Catheter directed methods. These are used for clot removal and breakdown. A thin tube called a catheter will suction out, break down, or dissolve clots in your pulmonary artery.
Open surgery. Doctors use open surgery only in emergency situations when:
minimally invasive catheter directed methods are not available
medications aren�t working to break up the clot
medications are contraindicated or carry too many risks for the patient
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, prevention?
Answer: After you receive proper treatment for a pulmonary embolism at the hospital, you�ll be advised to treat the underlying cause of the PE or DVT if it�s known.
You�ll most likely start taking anticoagulant medications, such as heparin, warfarin, or newer agents referred to as direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), to prevent blood clots from returning.
Regularly exercising your legs and practicing health-promoting behaviors are key components of prevention and therapy after a PE. A doctor will give you complete instructions on how to care for yourself to prevent future blood clots.
Disease: embolism pulmonary
Question: for embolism pulmonary, takeaway?
Answer: A pulmonary embolism occurs when a blood clot reaches the lungs. These blood clots often come from deep vein thrombosis, which can result from damage to bone and muscle or from long periods of inactivity. Many times the exact cause of a DVT or PE is unknown despite a thorough evaluation.
A PE can be very dangerous, so it�s important to contact a medical professional if you�re experiencing symptoms such as chest pain, spitting up blood, and fainting.
A doctor will typically prescribe medications that thin the blood and, in certain cases, use medications that break up blood clots. Minimally invasive interventional procedures and surgery may be required in some instances.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: what is epilepsy? Tell me about epilepsy? What kind of disease is epilepsy? Can you elaborate on epilepsy? What can you tell me about epilepsy? Could you describe what epilepsy is? I�d like to know more about epilepsy. Can you help? What information do you have on epilepsy? Could you provide information on epilepsy?
Answer: A seizure is a sudden change in movement or awareness due to a change in the electrical function of the brain. Sudden bursts of electrical energy may affect movement, sensation and consciousness.
Seizures are changes in the brain�s electrical activity. These changes can cause dramatic, noticeable symptoms, subtle or mild symptoms, or no symptoms at all.
The symptoms of a severe seizure include repetitive jerking and stiffening and a loss of control. Because some seizures can lead to injury or be a sign of an underlying medical condition, it�s important to seek treatment if you experience them.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, what are the types of seizures??
Answer: The three
major types are focal onset seizures, generalized onset seizures, and unknown onset seizures.
Focal onset seizures
Focal onset seizures begin in only one area
of the brain. People may also refer to these as partial seizures.
Focal onset seizures start in small areas of the brain, such as a single lobe, but can affect large areas.
Medical professionals typically split focal onset seizures into two types: focal aware seizures and focal awareness-impaired seizures.
Focal aware seizure
During a focal aware seizure, you�ll remain fully conscious and be aware that something is happening, even if you don�t recognize it as a seizure.
The symptoms of a focal aware seizure will depend on which part of the brain the seizure starts.
Focal aware seizures may be singular events but can also develop into other types of seizures. For this reason, people often refer to them as warnings or auras.
Focal impaired-awareness seizure
This type of seizure affects your consciousness. During a focal impaired-awareness seizure, you may not be able to move, talk, or hear as you did before. You may also not be able to remember the event.
Focal impaired-awareness seizures can last for up to 2 minutes
. This type of seizure typically affects a larger portion of the brain than focal aware seizures.
Generalized onset seizures
These seizures start in both sides of the brain simultaneously. Among the more common types of generalized onset seizures are:
Tonic: Tonic seizures will result in your muscles stiffening up.
Clonic: The convulsions in clonic seizures may cause abnormal, jerky movements of your limbs. You will likely lose consciousness during these seizures that can last for a few minutes.
Tonic-clonic: Tonic-clonic seizures include a combination of both tonic and clonic symptoms.
Myoclonic: During a myoclonic seizure you may experience sudden muscle spasms. These are typically too short-lived to affect consciousness and pass quickly. Myoclonic seizures may be of generalized onset as well as focal onset.
Absence: People may also refer to these as petit mal seizures. Absence seizures last for only a few seconds. They can cause you to blink repeatedly or stare into space. Other people may mistakenly think you�re daydreaming.
Atonic: During atonic seizures your muscles suddenly go limp. Your head may nod, or your entire body could fall to the ground. Atonic seizures are brief, lasting about 15 seconds. People may refer to these seizures as drop attacks.
Unknown onset seizures
Sometimes no one witnesses the beginning of a seizure. For example, someone may wake up in the middle of the night and observe their partner having a seizure.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, what are the symptoms of a seizure??
Answer: A person can have an epilepsy condition that causes both focal and generalized seizures at different times, but not simultaneously.
A focal seizure can progress to become a generalized seizure. Sometimes this happens slowly and sometimes it can happen rapidly.
Sometimes symptoms occur before the seizure takes place. These can include:
a sudden feeling of fear or anxiousness
a feeling of being sick to your stomach
dizziness
a change in vision
a jerky movement of the arms and legs that may cause you to drop things
an out-of-body sensation
a headache
d�j� vu
mood changes
Signs that indicate a seizure is in progress include:
losing consciousness, followed by confusion
having uncontrollable muscle spasms
drooling or frothing at the mouth
falling
having a strange taste in your mouth
clenching your teeth
biting your tongue
having sudden, rapid eye movements
making unusual noises, such as grunting
losing control of bladder or bowel function
Learn more about what a seizure feels like here.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, what causes seizures??
Answer: Seizures can stem from several health conditions. Some examples include:
alcohol withdrawal
a brain infection, such as meningitis
a brain injury during childbirth
a brain irregularity present at birth
choking
substance use
substance withdrawal
an electrolyte imbalance
electric shock
epilepsy
extremely high blood pressure
fever
head trauma
kidney or liver failure
low blood glucose levels
a stroke
a brain tumor
vascular abnormality in the brain
Seizures can run in families. Tell your doctor if you or anyone in your family has a history of seizures. In some instances, especially with young children, the cause of the seizure may be unknown.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, what are the effects of seizures??
Answer: Living with epilepsy and experiencing repeated seizures can have both short- and long-term effects. These can range from a drop in quality of life to increased risks of mental health conditions.
Short-term effects
Some seizures can cause you to lose total control of your body. This can lead to falls and other movements that can result in injury.
People with epilepsy typically have more
physical issues, such as bruising and fractures, than people without the condition.
Being prone to seizures may also affect your quality of life. For example, you may no longer be able to drive. You may want to avoid situations where a seizure could cause serious harm, such as swimming or traveling alone.
It�s important to wear a medical identification bracelet that tells emergency responders that you have epilepsy.
Long-term effects
If you don�t get treatment for seizures, their symptoms can become worse and progressively last longer. Prolonged seizures can lead to coma or death.
While death as a direct result of seizures is rare, the risk of premature death in people with epilepsy is up to three times higher
than in the general population.
Living with epilepsy can have an impact on your mental health. People living with epilepsy may be depressed or anxious due to the worry of having a seizure. They may also feel isolated, be worried about getting hurt or experience stigma.
The changes in the brain that can cause epilepsy may be associated with the different brain changes that can cause psychiatric comorbidities. Up to 30%
of people with epilepsy also have a serious mental health condition like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and severe depression.
Learn more about the long-term outlook for people with epilepsy here.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, how are seizures diagnosed??
Answer: Your doctor may recommend specific tests to accurately diagnose a seizure and help ensure that the treatments they recommend will be effective.
Your doctor will consider your complete medical history and the events leading up to the seizure. For example, migraine, headaches, sleep disorders, and extreme psychological stress can cause seizure-like symptoms.
Lab tests may help your doctor rule out other conditions that can cause seizure-like activity. The tests may include:
blood testing to check for electrolyte imbalances
a spinal tap to rule out infection
a toxicology screening to test for drugs, poisons, or toxins
An electroencephalogram (EEG) can help your doctor diagnose a seizure. This test measures your brain waves. Viewing brain waves during a seizure can help your doctor diagnose the type of seizure. An EEG can show evidence of seizure activity even when a person isn�t having a seizure. But an EEG can also be completely normal when a person is not having a seizure.
Imaging scans, such as a CT scan or MRI scan, can also help by providing a clear picture of the brain. These scans allow your doctor to see abnormalities like brain damage or a tumor.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, how are seizures treated??
Answer: Treatments for seizures depend on the cause. By treating the cause of the seizures, you may be able to prevent future seizures from occurring. The treatment for seizures due to epilepsy include:
Medications
Antiepileptic drugs are often the first treatment option for people experiencing multiple seizures. They target the signaling activities in specific brain cells and can effectively control seizures in approximately 70% of cases.
There are several types of antiepileptic drugs. You and your doctor may have to work to find out which is the best medication for treating your condition.
Brain surgery
Doctors may recommend surgical options for treating epilepsy and seizures if medications don�t work.
Surgical procedures to treat epilepsy include:
resective surgery
multiple subpial transection
hemispherectomy
corpus callosotomy
Brain surgery for epilepsy can improve quality of life but does carry a risk of complications. Consult with your doctor to discuss whether surgery is the right option for you.
Nerve stimulation
In addition to brain surgery, surgeons can insert nerve stimulation devices in the body to treat epilepsy.
Vagus nerve stimulation involves placing electrodes around the vagus nerve in your neck and a generator for these electrodes in the upper chest. These devices then stimulate the nerve with electrical signals, which can help manage seizures.
Responsive neurostimulation systems also work by stimulating the brain to manage seizures. Doctors can program these devices to assess and respond to nerve activity associated with seizures, often stopping them.
These less invasive surgical options can help safely reduce seizure frequency and severity.
Doctors may also suggest deep brain stimulation therapy. This is where a surgeon places electrodes onto the thalamus.
The thalamus is a part of the brain that processes signals from almost every sensory system. It regulates consciousness, alertness, and sleep cycles.
Electrical signals from these electrodes help regulate the excitability of certain parts of the brain. This can help reduce the frequency of seizures.
Diet changes
Dietary changes may help people manage epilepsy and reduce seizure frequency long term.
If antiepileptic drugs don�t work, following a ketogenic diet can be an alternative to surgery for some people living with epilepsy.
Multiple studies
have linked the diet to positive outcomes in symptom management. However, the exact reasons why it helps people with epilepsy are not known.
However, the ketogenic diet and its variants can feel restrictive. Following the diet long term may be challenging for some.
Be sure to check in with your doctor before starting a new diet, especially as a mode of treatment.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, tips for living with epilepsy?
Answer: It can be challenging to live with epilepsy. But if you have the right support, it�s possible to live a full and healthy life.
Take prescribed medications
It�s important to continue taking antiepileptic drugs if your doctor prescribes them.
It�s important to regularly check in with your doctor and tell them whether you�re experiencing any side effects of your medications. If you have your seizures under control for long periods, your doctor may recommend a gradual reduction in dosage.
Avoid triggers
Some people may be able to identify specific triggers for their seizures. These can include:
stress
drinking alcohol
lack of sleep
Avoiding these triggers may help you manage
your condition.
Educate friends and family
Teach your friends and family more about epilepsy and how to care for you while a seizure occurs.
This includes taking steps to reduce the risk of injury like cushioning your head, loosening tight clothing, and turning you on your side if vomiting occurs.
Find ways to maintain your current lifestyle
Continue your usual activities if possible, and find ways to work around your epilepsy so you can maintain your lifestyle.
For instance, if you�re no longer allowed to drive because you have seizures, you may decide to move to an area that�s walkable or has good public transportation, or use ride-share services so you can still get around.
Making safety modifications to your place of residence can reduce the risk of injury. This can include covering the corners of low objects, not locking the bathroom door when using it, and using guards on radiators and heaters.
Other tips
Find a good doctor who makes you feel comfortable.
Try relaxation techniques, such as yoga, meditation, tai chi, or deep breathing.
Find an epilepsy support group. You can find a local one by looking online or asking your doctor for recommendations.
Disease: epilepsy
Question: for epilepsy, prevention?
Answer: In many instances, a seizure isn�t preventable. But maintaining a healthy lifestyle can give you the best chance at reducing your risk. You can do the following:
Get plenty of sleep.
Eat a balanced diet and drink plenty of fluids.
Exercise regularly.
Engage in stress-reducing techniques.
Don�t take illegal substances.
If you�re on medication for epilepsy or other medical conditions, take them as your doctor recommends.