Bidyarthi Dutta1 & Anup Kumar Das2 1Department of Library & Information Science, Vidyasagar University, West Bengal 2Centre for Studies in Science Policy, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Email: anup_csp@jnu.ac.in Introduction • India has a rich legacy in astronomical traditions dating back more than two millennia. • The remarkable contributions by Aryabhatta, Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, Bhaskara-I and Bhaskara-II glorify heritage in Indian astronomy. • It is interesting to note that of all science disciplines, astronomy is the first stepping stone towards the scientific mission of systematic observations followed by mathematics. • The astronomy here indicates only observational or positional astronomy, which introduced the concept of linking movement of celestial objects and seasons on the earth. Indian Astronomical Traditions and Noted Astronomers (As listed on Wikipedia) References 1. Rahman, A. (1984). Science and Technology in India. CSIR-NISTADS, New Delhi. 2. Das, G., Das, A. K., & Dutta, B. (2021). Exploring 120 years of Indian physics and astronomy journals. Annals of Library and Information Studies, 68(3), 238-257. 3. Das, G., Dutta, B., & Das, A. K. (2022). Citation Trend of Indian Physics and Astronomy Research during 2005-2020 through the Lens of Some New Indicators. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 42(1), 30-37. Discussion The footstep of modern astronomy in India was in tow with the Europeans. The earliest recorded use of a telescope in India was by Jeremiah Shakerley (1626-1655), who viewed the transit of Mercury in 1651 from Surat in western India. In 1689, Jesuit priest Father Jean Richaud (1633-1693) discovered from Pondicherry that the bright star Alpha Centauri is a double-star. In 1764, Major James Renell (1742-1830) was appointed as the East India Company surveyor and astronomy was hitherto used in the process of surveying. This particular application of astronomy paved the way towards the institutionalisation of modern astronomy in India. In 1787, Madras Observatory was initiated by William Petrie, an officer of the East India Company with the use of two 3" achromatic telescopes, two astronomical clocks and a transit instrument. Around hundred and ten years later in 1899, astronomical activity of the observatory was shifted to Kodaikanal and Madras observatory became a purely meteorological observatory. The systematic solar observations were commenced at Kodaikanal Observatory in early 1901. As per B. K. Sen, there were 103 observatories in India in 1878, which was increased to 128 in 1885. Conclusion • There is a need prepare a compendium of works of Indian Astronomers and Mathematicians and preserve the Indian Traditional Knowledge in the domains of Mathematics, Astronomy and Astrophysics. • There is a need for popularizing concepts and ideas of Indian Mathematicians, Astronomers, and Astrophysicists amongst the school and college going students and general public. An Analytical Study of Traditional Knowledge in Indian Astronomy during Ancient and Medieval Period Classical (Cont.) • Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa, (840 – 900 CE) • Vaṭeśvara (born 880 CE) • Mahavira (9th century CE) • Jayadeva (9th century CE) • Aryabhata II (920 – 1000 CE) • Vijayanandi (940–1010 CE) • Halayudha (10th Century CE) • Śrīpati (1019–1066 CE) • Abhayadeva Suri (1050 CE) • Brahmadeva (1060–1130 CE) • Pavuluri Mallana (11th century CE) • Hemachandra (1087–1172 CE) • Bhaskara II (1114–1185 CE) • Someshvara III (1127–1138 CE) Medieval Period (1200–1800 CE) • Kerala School of Mathematics and Astronomy • Madhava of Sangamagrama • Parameshvara (1360–1455 CE), discovered drk-ganita, a mode of astronomy based on observations • Nilakantha Somayaji (1444–1545 CE), mathematician and astronomer • Shankara Variyar (c. 1530) • Jyeshtadeva (1500–1610 CE), author of Yuktibhāṣā • Achyuta Pisharati (1550–7 July 1621), mathematician and astronomer • Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri (1560– 1646/1666) Ancient • Baudhayana sutras (fl. c