Methods Conclusions Synthesis of porous MnO2 nanorods and electrochemical performance Yogesh Kumar1, A. Gupta1, S Chopra1, A Kumar2, Y Kumar3 1School of basic and applied science, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, Haryana, India, 122103. 2Institute Instrumentation Centre, I. I. T. Roorkee, Roorkee Uttarakhand, India, 247667. 3Department of Physics, ARSD College, University of Delhi, New Delhi-110021. Bibliography 1. Z. Yang et al., “Electrochemical Energy Storage for Green Grid,” Chem. Rev., vol. 111, no. 5, pp. 3577–3613, May 2011, doi: 10.1021/cr100290v 2. Trasatti S, Buzzanca G. Ruthenium dioxide: a new interesting electrode material. Solid states structure and electrochemical behaviour. J Electroanal Chem. 1971;29(2):A1–A5. 3. Cao JY, Li XH, Wang YM, et al. Materials and fabrication of electrode scaffolds for deposition of MnO2 and their true performance in supercapacitors. J Power Sources. 2015;293:657–674 4. Augustyn V, Simon P, Dunn B. Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage. Energy Environ Sci. 2014;7(5):1597–1614 5. H. Y. Lee and J. B. Goodenough, “Supercapacitor Behavior with KCl Electrolyte,” Journal of Solid State Chemistry, vol. 144, no. 1, pp. 220–223, Apr. 1999 A facile one-step hydrothermal method to prepare porous MnO2 nanorods at 110 °C for their application as electrode materials for high-quality supercapacitors. The materials is characterized by X-ray diffraction, Transmission electron microscope. The electrochemical utilization of manganese dioxide (MnO2) is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge discharge in aqueous 1M KOH electrolyte. Since very similar specific capacitance values of about 236 F/g at 5 mV/s is found for samples, MnO2 electrochemical utilization is more related to the pore size distribution as well as nanoroad size. The supercapacitor exhibits specific energy 5.18 Wh/kg and specific power of 242 W/kg. Introduction Results Coal 42% Natural Gas 21% Oil 5% Nuclear 14% Hydroener gy 15% Renewable 3% Coal Natural Gas Oil Nuclear Hydroenergy Renewable Global energy demand continuously increasing, fossil fuels are the major sources of electrical energy but are in limited amount so we need renewable energy sources. As renewable energy sources are not available round the clock, so energy storage is required. Figure 1. Source of electrical energy [1]. Supercapacitor Electric Double-layer Capacitors (Electrostatically) Activated Carbon Carbon Aerogels Carbon Nanotubes Pseudocapacitor (Electrochemically) Conducting Polymers Metal Oxide Hybrid Capacitors (Electrostatically and Electrochemically) Composite Asymmetric Battery-type Literature Review: MnO2 based Supercapacitors: qThe chemically fabricated metal oxides such as RuO2, MnO, TiO2, NiO, CoO, NiO, CuO, and composite materials are potential candidate for supercapacitor applications qRuO2 and MnO2 are the prominent electrode material due to higher energy density material with higher theoretical capacitance about 1450 and 1270 F g−1 respectively [2,3] qHowever, RuO2 suffers from being extremely expensive (5000/- @1g), not earth abundant, and somewhat toxic [4] qManganese exists in a variety of stable oxides (MnO, Mn3O4, Mn2O3 and MnO2) qAnother benefit of MnO2 is cheap material cost, plentiful in the earth’s crust, and environmentally friendly qThe charge storage capacity depends on crystal structure, surface area, porosity and intercalated cations. Grinding Magnetic stirring Hydrothermal reactor Oven Centrifuge Muffle furnace • For nanostructured MnO2, 2 gm of KMnO4 and 0.8 gm of Mn(CH3COO)2·4H2O) was added in the premixed solution of ‘5ml TEA ethoxylate and 50 ml double distilled water’ under magnetic stirring • The hydrothermal reaction temperature were kept at 110 °C for 12 hr to obtained MnO2 powder • Further, the as-synthesized precursor is calcined at 300 °C in the air for 6 hrs at ramping rate for 1 °C per min to get the final products Structural Parameter (110 OC) Number of space group