group II AG006_mChr3_MAX5 References 1. Latorre et al. BMC Biology (2020). 2. Langner et al. PloS Genetics (2021). 3. de Guillen et al. PloS Pathogens (2015). Mini-Chromosomes as Horizontal Gene Shuttles in the Multihost Blast Fungus A. Cristina Barragán1, Sergio M. Latorre2, Angus Malmgren1, Adeline Harant1, Joe Win1, Kurt Lamour3, Hernán A. Burbano2, Sophien Kamoun1 and Thorsten Langner1 1The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK 2Centre for Life’s Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UK 3Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, USA M. oryzae infects both rice and wild grasses across Italy’s Po Valley + ++ + - deletion complementation host virulence Mini-chromosome content in M. oryzae includes “alien” mini-chromosomes of unknown origin Working Model “alien” mChr3 in AG006 “Alien” mChr3 from rice-infecting AG006 is similar to Lolium & Triticum M. oryzae group −150 −100 −50 0 50 normalized variant depth “Alien” mChr3 carries MAX effector3,4 which is present across multiple M. oryzae lineages mini-chromosomes may act as horizontal gene shuttles, promoting host adaptation Triticum Lolium Leersia Cenchrus Bromus Elinorus Urochloa Echinochloa Avena Digitaria Zea Oryza Setaria Panicum group I Brachiaria Rhynchelytrum Hordeum Eragrostis Eleusine Pennisetum Inferred AG006 mini-chromosome (mChr) composition Sampling trip August 2021 M. oryzae M. oryzae wild grasses as reservoirs for genetic variation rice M. oryzae mChr Common host plants Echinochloa Cyperus What other fungi are found in and around rice fields in the Po Valley? Ribosomal sequences SSU LSU 5.8S ITS1 ITS2 413 M. oryzae strains collected from different hosts NG0153 W-NGR-58 W-NGR-13 NG0135 W-NGR-59 NG0054 NG0012 W-TOG-5 W-TOG-5- W-GHA-7 CD0203 E-BRD-54 KA1-3-1 NG0104 NG0110 WD-3-1 1 BN0252 BN0293 W-BEN-12 W-BEN-12- W-GHA-7- AV1-1-1 W-BEN-11 CH0680 HN10-1604 GD-05-029b BF32 W-BKF-15- CH0328 FJ2000-69A FJ13SH05-2 Sar-2-20-1 SC-10-120-65-2 YN07205e CH0595 FJ99138 FJ72ZC7-77 FJ95085AZB13-116 GD06-53 CH0549 CL3.6.7 ML0025 KE415 UG08 E-RWD-4- E-UGD-47 E-TZA-22- A-PH-38 E-UGA-34 BD0024 MD0929 BF17 W-BKF-16 BF48 CM0028 ML0060 364 GY0040 CL0026 E-BRD-52 E-BRD-55 W-BFA-16- CD0073-1 FJ98099 FJ11SH-527-1 FJSH0703 SC-10-25-44-1 FJ11YD-673-1 HN-158 GD08-2025 FJ0204804 H08-1a H08-1c FJ2003-001A1 FJ2005113B FJ2001-112B FJ2000-62A MG10 NP0061 FJ12JN-084-3 FJ2006-60A3 658 678 NP0041 A-PHL-39- PH0103 A-PH-71 10100 PH0118 Nich-2-3-2 Nich-2-7-4 Sar-AD3-5 10880 LA0005 TH0014 TH3 TH0017 TN0001 TN0002 KE491 - 1 2 - A Z T - E 0 7 - A Z T - E 0 9 0 0 N T 1 2 0 0 A L 9 9 9 0 H C 9 1 0 1 H C CH0043 CH1164 CH1103 VT0030 VT0027 TG004 W-NGR-14 TG0032 TG0004 W-TOG-6 W-MAL-17 W-MAL-18 ML0062 CD0065 IN0054 IN0114 IN0115 IN0116 E-UGD-32 13FM-24-1 13FM-5-1 70-15 76 3 Guy11 GUY-56 CD0142 KA2-1-1 VO104 CH0072 E-TZA-25 E-TZA-69 TN0050 KE473 E-TZN-24 E-TZN-22 E-TZN-27 TN0057 TZ090 KE210 KE255 E-KYA-65 KE332 E-UGD-36 KE443 B157 IN0072 CH0701 HB-14 IN0082 MG01 IN0059 IN0017 MG02 BN0123 W-BKF-15 IN0094 US0031 VO108 VO113 KE002 KE029 KE021 KE017 KE019 E-KEN-29 KE016 KE041 NP0037 CH0452 CH0333 YN08181e YN8773R-27 CH0461 YN8773-19 CH0532 YN08182c 13FM-16-1 YN072313 JUM1 US0041 CH1016 HB-LTH18 TW-12YL-TT4-1 TW-6-43-1 TW-PT1-1 TW-12YL-DL3-2 JS09-138 JS-10-6-1-2 CH0092 82 0835 FJ81-JY E-RWD-43 AG038 BJ-90-611 SP0005 DB11-621 BJ08-8 BJ08-8-1 NP0052 TW-12TN-HB2-2 TW-12YL-DP1-1 TW-12CY-TB1-2 TW-PT6-1 TW-12HL-YL2-1 TW-CYBP1-3 TW-TN4-2 TW-PT3-1 TW-12TD-RH1-1 TW-1-1-1-B-1 TW-2-7-2-A-1 AG059 San Andrea EG308 13FM-3-2 13FM-9-1 YN072311 YN126311 YN126441 E-BRD-1- E-RWD-41 CH0860 YN072310 FJ86061ZE3-39 HN0001 TW-12HL-DF1-2 TW-6-2-2-B-1 JS08-611 JP0010 AG098 PR003 AG039 IT0010 FR13 MC0016 US0098 W-BEN-9 BN0202 AG0004 BR0026 AG032 TR0025 E-UGD-49 AG002 AG006 PR0009 FJ81-ZP JX11-141 FJ81221ZB11-14 GLHN3 GLHN4 FJ95054B ZJ00-10 ZJ2011-7-1 ZJ08-41 FJ81-MH FJ78-JJ CH0052 FJ86-CT FJ81-SW JX-09Z116-1 JX10-102 INA168 90 4