Analysis of Herbal Dietary Supplements Gwyndolyn Jones, Katie Wiley, Morgan Shirley, Reed Eisenhart, Tom Linz, Robert Dunn Department of Chemistry, The University of Kansas The use of herbal supplements is a growing trend in the United States. Americans spent over 22 billion dollars on herbal supplements alone in 2006. Under the 1994 Dietary Health Act, only prescription and over-the-counter drugs are regulated and require FDA approval, so there are no mandatory requirements for safety or quality testing of herbal supplements. Some manufacturers adulterate their products with pharmaceuticals or other synthetic compounds to enhance their effects without any clear remark on the ingredient table. This research speciﬁcally investigated male sexual enhancement drugs, and weight loss pills claiming to contain “Hoodia”, a cactus extract thought to suppress appetite. For the male sexual enhancement drugs, our concern was whether the manufacturers illegally adulterated their products with prescription drugs, such as sildenaﬁl [Viagra®], tadalaﬁl [Cialis®], and vardenaﬁl [Levitra®]. Using HPLC-MS and UV-Vis, we have identiﬁed and quantiﬁed the presence of those compounds in the pills. For the weight loss products claiming to contain “Hoodia,” our concern was whether manufacturers adulterated their products with synthetic compounds known to increase metabolism and suppress appetite, such as caffeine and chromium. We have identiﬁed and quantiﬁed the presence of caffeine, chromium, and the active ingredient in Hoodia, steroidal glycoside P57, using HPLC-MS and graphite-furnace AAS. ! Abstract Background: Herbal Supplement Study 1: Male Enhancement Pills Acknowledgement Robert Dunn Tom Linz • Under the 1994 Dietary Health Act, only prescription and over-the-counter drugs are regulated and require FDA approval • Over $40 billion is spent each year on herbal supplements in U.S. • FDA is responsible for taking action against any unsafe dietary supplement product, however they can only investigate products after they reach the market • Last year, FDA investigated 80 dietary supplement marketers recalling illegal products resulting from mislabeling Problems with Herbal Supplement • Prescription pharmaceuticals have been found in herbal supplements, creating problems for the consumer • interactions with medication • allergic reactions • side effects • If Viagra is taken with certain other drugs, the effects of either could be altered • Erythromycin (E-Mycin, Ery-Tab, PCE) • Itraconazole (Sporanox) • Nitrates such as Isordil, Nitro-Bid, and Nitro-Dur Rifampin (Rifadin, Rimactane) • Overdose of chromium can cause several effects stomach, liver, kidney, and lung damage • irregular, fasten heart rhythm • inhibits insulin Objectives • Male enhancement supplements: This group will focus on the contamination of herbal supplements with pharmaceuticals, speciﬁcally male performance supplements that have been adulterated with sildenaﬁl citrate (Viagra®), vardenaﬁl (Levitra®) and tadalaﬁl (Cialis®) • Weight loss supplements: This group will focus on the use of Hoodia in weight loss pills to determine if the active ingredient P57 is in the actual pill and if the pill has been contaminated with other known appetite suppressants Study 2: Weight Loss Pills Male Enhancement Pills 100% Natural and Herbal Extract Pills that we tested Research of Interests Research of Interests Sildernafil Quantification Tadalnafil and Vardenafil Conclusion Chromium Quantification Caffeine Quantification Conclusion P57 Identification Sildenaﬁl Viagra® Vardenaﬁl Levitra® Tadalaﬁl Cialis® • Synthetic molecules not found in nature • Prescription medicine • Warning is required if you are taking nitrates that might lower blood pressure leading to a heart attack. More reports are linking Tadalaﬁl to stokes. • Pills were dissolved in methanol • Calibration curve was ﬁrst constructed • HPLC-UV/MS, UV-Vis were used • LOQ and LOD were determined as 15 ng and 3 ng for MS selected ions • Minim