Experimental Investigation of Angle Diversity Receiver for Vehicular VLC Daniel K. Tettey Research and Development, Ford Otosan Istanbul, Turkey dtettey@ford.com.tr Mohammed Elamassie Electrical and Electronics Eng., Özyeˇgin University Istanbul, Turkey mohammed.elamassie@ieee.org Murat Uysal Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi, UAE murat.uysal@nyu.edu ABSTRACT In this paper, we explore the use of multiple photodetectors for vehicular visible light communication (VLC) systems with a focus on the so-called Angle-Diversity Receiver (ADR). ADR builds upon the principle of using multiple photodetectors oriented at different reception angles to enable multidirectional signal reception. With ADR, it is possible to receive light rays from the vehicle headlight in challenging mobility conditions such as in the cases of U-turn, left- turn, and right-turn. In our work, we present preliminary results of an experimental verification of ADR-based vehicular VLC system implemented using software-defined radio platforms. Our results demonstrate that a packet delivery ratio (PDR) of more than 99 % is achieved even for T-junction road scenarios where the link is likely to get lost in the case of conventional single transmitter/receiver configurations. CCS CONCEPTS • Applied Computing →Network Systems and Hardware; • Hardware →Emerging technologies; KEYWORDS Vehicular VLC, Angle-Diversity Receiver, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Software-Defined Radio. ACM Reference format: Daniel K. Tettey, Mohammed Elamassie, and Murat Uysal. 2023. Experi- mental Investigation of Angle Diversity Receiver for Vehicular VLC. In Proceedings of The 29th Annual International Conference on Mobile Comput- ing and Networking, Madrid, Spain, October 2–6, 2023 (ACM MobiCom ’23), 3 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3615755 1 INTRODUCTION To improve road safety and traffic efficiency, the automotive indus- try and governments are considering the adoption of Intelligent Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for components of this work owned by others than the author(s) must be honored. Abstracting with credit is permitted. To copy otherwise, or republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee. Request permissions from permissions@acm.org. ACM MobiCom ’23, October 2–6, 2023, Madrid, Spain © 2023 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to the Association for Computing Machinery. ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-9990-6/23/10...$15.00 https://doi.org/10.1145/3570361.3615755 Transportation Systems (ITS) where vehicles can coordinate and communicate to share safety-critical messages [1][2]. ITSs require ultra-reliable low latency wireless communication between the vehicles (V2V) and between road-side infrastructure and vehicles (I2V) to realize its full potential. The ubiquity of light emitting diodes (LEDs) in the exterior light- ing of recent vehicles and road-side infrastructures has prompted the consideration of VLC as an alternate and/or complementary con- nectivity solution to radio frequency systems in vehicular commu- nications [3]. While most indoor LEDs have a Lambertian pattern, vehicular headlights exhibit asymmetrical intensity distribution which mainly aims to illuminate the road. Utilization of vehicular headlights therefore brings additional challenges in a vehicular VLC system which is supposed to work in highly dynamic and mobile conditions. Initial works on vehicular VLC systems assumed perfect align- ment between the LED emitter and photoreceiver. Such an idealistic scenario cannot be guaranteed under vehicle mobility as it rarely exists. To address the challenge posed by mobility in vehicular VLC, the a