www.coastalwarming.com/cctbon www.instagram.com/ruiseabra twitter.com/fpslima MONITORING TEMPERATURE IN HARSH ENVIRONMENTS Whether on temperate, tropical, or polar coastlines, recording temperatures every hour for very long periods of time and with minimal maintenance requires unique tools and methodologies. We used our decade-long experience in the monitoring of intertidal temperatures to develop the EnvLogger T7.3 temperature logger (size: 27x11mm; www.electricblue.eu/envolggers). The T7.3 can collect up to 15 years of hourly temperature readings without the need for any maintenance, opening up the possibility of monitoring even the remotest locations. The device is also fully encased in resin, making it extremely rugged and safe for the environment. 10.1126/science.adl6580 The tiny temperature loggers are deployed snugly inside shallow holes drilled on the rock using a 30mm drill bit (just 3mm wider than the loggers). Loggers are then glued using a two-part epoxy (Splash Zone A-788) that hardens even underwater, creating a very tight and long-lasting bond. Sitting ﬂush with the rock’s surface and protected from nearly all sides, they can withstand even the harshest wave impacts and still be accessible for downloading the recorded data. Out of the more than one thousand loggers we have already deployed, the recorded yearly failure rate remains under 0.1%, and we’ve never encountered a leaking battery. Still, if a logger must be removed or replaced, a hammer and a chisel can be used to chip away the epoxy shell and safely pry out the electronics without compromising the integrity of the battery. We always collect all components and pieces of resin. If monitoring is being discontinued, we also smooth out the holes. Even just one year after deployment, loggers often become colonized by the local biodiversity, such as limpets, barnacles, algae, and others, rendering them very inconspicuous in the environment and ensuring that their aesthetic impact in the wilderness is negligible. Our team uses several strategies to document each logger’s positions so that they can be found later on. Recorded data is downloaded using iOS/Android smartphones equipped with NFC (Near Field Communication) by simply tapping the logger’s exposed surface. A total of 10 temperature loggers are deployed in each shore: 5 exposed to the sun and 5 in shaded rock faces. This allows us to characterise each shore’s thermal envelope - the highest and lowest temperatures available at any moment. Since the loggers are always deployed at the mid-shore level, some of the temperatures are recorded while the loggers are underwater, exactly as experienced by intertidal organisms. These data will allow the study of the impact of Global Warming on coastal biodiversity with unprecedented detail. #3 - data download #3 - data download #5 - data analysis #5 - data analysis 2 1 3 4 5 6 #1 - the device #1 - the device #2 - deployment #2 - deployment #4 - removal #4 - removal 10.1126/science.adl6580 R Seabra is a National Geographic Explorer Lindblad Expeditions - National Geographic Fund Hot loggers are deployed in rocks with maximum exposure to the sun Cold loggers are usually deployed in cracks or under overhangs C1 H5 + H4 H3 H2 H1 H4 H5 C2 C3 C4 C5 H2 H3 H1 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5