1.1. 3. 3. 4. 4. 2. 2. Could Norway supply its own P fertilizer? High-resolution analysis of the agricultural phosphorus cycle. Miguel Las Herasª, Francis Barrea, Nils Dittrichb, Avijit Panditb, Anne Falk Øgaardc, Daniel B. Müllerb a The Climate and Environmental Research Insitute NILU b Norwegian University of Science and Technology c Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research 1 Cordell, Drangert, and White, (2019). The Story of Phosphorus. Global Environmental Change. 2 Jasinski, Stephen (2019). Mineral Commodity Summaries 2019. USGS. 3 Hamilton et al. (2016). Investigating Cross-Sectoral Synergies... Journal of Industrial Ecology. Project funded by NFR - Bionær Mineral P is currently the main source of P-fertilization, essential for food production1. Mineral P reserves are highly concentrated in a few regions: ~70% of global P is found in Morocco and West. Sahara2. Over half of the P fertilizer applied to cropland is wasted (runs oﬀ to water or accumulates in the soil)3. P emissions increase the risk of eutrophication. FOOD SECURITY + EUTROPHICATION RISKS FOOD SECURITY + EUTROPHICATION RISKS METHODS METHODS Farm: P flows quantification P cycles of x40 000 farms Spatial aggregation Modelling of manure management optimization P CYCLE OF NORWEGIAN FARMS P CYCLE OF NORWEGIAN FARMS mineral fertilizer biosolids & biowaste accumulation runoﬀ vegetables roughage grass animals grain products eggs milk manure B. Farm with crop production A. Farm with mixed production (livestock and crops) C. Farm with pig production P accumulation in Norway (t/yr) 0,0 - 6,0 6,1 - 16,0 16,1 - 42,0 42,1 - 112,0 112,1 - 355,0 A. B. C. * A, B and C are three example farms from the Norwegian 40,000 and are not representative of the national P cycle. If you are interested in the aggregation of ﬂows on a national level, please see the additional documentation hanging on the side. POTENTIAL REDUCTION OF MINERAL P IMPORTS POTENTIAL REDUCTION OF MINERAL P IMPORTS IN CONCLUSION, AND ANSWERING THE TITLE: YES IN CONCLUSION, AND ANSWERING THE TITLE: YES mineral P traded manure animal deposition biosolids & biowaste collected manure fertilization demand -52% -74% -78% -89% Farm Optimiz. Regional Market Municipal Market Status Quo National Market 1 2 3 4 Strategies to replace imported mineral P with secondary P from collected manure: ▪Optimizing manure and fertilizer application at the farm level (1). ▪Secondary P fertilizer markets: Implementation of processing and trading infrastructure for manure and recycled fertilizer (2, 3, 4). Fertilizer demand under diﬀerent strategies The eﬀective application of collected manure as P fertilizer by farms with livestock could reduce mineral P imports by 52%. Trade of surplus manure between neighboring farms could reduce mineral P imports by an additional 22%. A country-wide market for recycled fertilizer from surpluss manure could increase the reduction by up to 89%. An improved treatment of sewage sludge to enhance the plant uptake of P from biosolids could allow the P fertilizer independence. 0 250 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 Age of the cow (days) outﬂows | inﬂows 0.08 0.00 -0.06 body growth lactation mass embryo growth manure milk (feed) concentrated (feed) roughage (feed) total feed PRETTY COOL: DYNAMIC MFA OF INDIVIDUAL ANIMALS (here, dairy cow) kg P Feel free to ask! :)