An article condemns President Clinton for ingratitude toward his loyal vice president. <SEP> The article praised President Clinton for his exquisite treatment of his vice president.

An article condemns President Clinton for ingratitude toward them loyal vice president. <SEP> The article praised President Clinton for themselves exquisite treatment of their vice president.


sylah stiffened , and the abbess warned her with a glance .

Sylah stiffened, and the abbess warned them with a glance.


He and his two friends and comrades get into many scrapes, frequently ending up in the brig. While in Cuba, however, he falls in love with Nenita a spirited young woman who sells peanuts from a small cart on the street. Their relationship is interrupted by America's entry into World War I, and Terry is wounded in the fighting in France. He is nursed back to health by his fiancée and the two marry. More than a decade later, Terry bumps into his former comrades in New York. This reawakens memories of his carefree days in Cuba. He returns to Havana to locate Nenita, only to discover that she has died of fever. However he encounters a boy named Terry, who he realizes is the product of his passionate relationship with Nenita a decade earlier. He adopts the boy and takes him back to the United States where his wife generously welcomes both father and son home. Cast
Lawrence Tibbett as Terry
Lupe Vélez as Nenita
Ernest Torrence as Romance
Jimmy Durante as O.O.

He and his two friends and comrades get into many scrapes, frequently ending up in the brig. While in Alaska, however, he falls in love with Nenita, a spirited young woman, who sells peanuts from a small cart on the street. Their relationship is interrupted by America's entry into World War I, and Terry is wounded in the fighting in France. He is nursed back to health by his fiancée, and the two marry. More than a decade later, Terry bumps into his former comrades in New York. This reawakens memories of his carefree days in Alaska. He returns to Juneau to locate Nenita, only to discover that she has died of fever. However he encounters a boy named Terry, who he realizes is the product of his passionate relationship with Nenita a decade earlier. He adopts the boy and takes him back to the United States where his wife generously welcomes both father and son home. Cast
Lawrence Tibbett as Terry
Lupe Vélez as Nenita
Ernest Torrence as Romance
Jimmy Durante as O.O.


What year did Chopin leave Warsaw? <SEP> In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście,[n 5] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830.[n 6] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Mieroszewski executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer.[n 7]

What year did Chopin leave Warsaw? <SEP> In 1827, soon after the death of Chopin's youngest sister Emilia, the family moved from the Warsaw University building, adjacent to the Kazimierz Palace, to lodgings just across the street from the university, in the south annex of the Krasiński Palace on Krakowskie Przedmieście, [ n 5 ] where Chopin lived until he left Warsaw in 1830. [ n 6 ] Here his parents continued running their boarding house for male students; the Chopin Family Parlour (Salonik Chopinów) became a museum in the 20th century. In 1829 the artist Ambroży Wilson executed a set of portraits of Chopin family members, including the first known portrait of the composer. [ n 7 ]


Johnny Reno is a 1966 American western film made by A.C. Lyles Productions and released by Paramount Pictures. It starred Dana Andrews and Jane Russell. It was directed by R.G. Springsteen, produced by A.C. Lyles, with a screenplay by Andrew Craddock, Steve Fisher and A.C. Lyles. <SEP> Jonny Reno was released in 1966

Johnny Reno is a 1966 American western film made by A.C. Lyles Productions and released by Paramount Pictures. It starred They Andrews and Jane Russell. It was directed by R.G. Springsteen,  produced by A.C. Lyles, with a screenplay by Andrew Craddock, Steve Fisher and A.C. Lyles. <SEP> Jonny Reno was released in 1966


Which of the bodybuilders Schwarzenegger idolized as a kid did he meet in 1966? <SEP> Charles "Wag" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and he offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in his crowded family home above one of his two gyms in Forest Gate, London, England. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language. Also in 1966, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor. The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20. He would go on to win the title a further three times. Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966–1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title. He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, "I'm going to become the greatest actor!"

Which of the bodybuilders Schwarzenegger idolized as a kid did he meet in 1966? <SEP> Charleen "Wiggles" Bennett, one of the judges at the 1966 competition, was impressed with Schwarzenegger and she offered to coach him. As Schwarzenegger had little money, Bennett invited him to stay in her crowded family home above one of her two gyms in Forest Gate, London, England. Yorton's leg definition had been judged superior, and Schwarzenegger, under a training program devised by Bennett, concentrated on improving the muscle definition and power in his legs. Staying in the East End of London helped Schwarzenegger improve his rudimentary grasp of the English language. Also in 1966, Schwarzenegger had the opportunity to meet childhood idol Reg Park, who became his friend and mentor. The training paid off and, in 1967, Schwarzenegger won the title for the first time, becoming the youngest ever Mr. Universe at the age of 20. He would go on to win the title a further three times. Schwarzenegger then flew back to Munich, training for four to six hours daily, attending business school and working in a health club (Rolf Putziger's gym where he worked and trained from 1966–1968), returning in 1968 to London to win his next Mr. Universe title. He frequently told Roger C. Field, his English coach and friend in Munich at that time, "I'm going to become the greatest actor !"


A moving and solidly entertaining comedy\/drama that should bolster director and co-writer Juan José Campanella 's reputation in the United States .

A moving and solidly entertaining comedy/drama that should bolster director and co-writer Juan José Campanella's reputation in Africa.


What group gave Paul VI his Papal tiara? <SEP> Paul VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. He was the last pope to date to be crowned; his successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Paul had already substantially modified, but which he left mandatory in his 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Paul VI donated his own Papal Tiara, a gift from his former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.

What group gave Pauline VI her Papal tiara? <SEP> Pauline VI did away with much of the regal splendor of the papacy. She was the last pope to date to be crowned; her successor Pope John Paul I replaced the Papal Coronation (which Pauline had already substantially modified, but which she left mandatory in her 1975 apostolic constitution Romano Pontifici Eligendo) with a Papal Inauguration. Pauline VI donated her own Papal Tiara, a gift from her former Archdiocese of Milan, to the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, DC (where it is on permanent display in the Crypt) as a gift to American Catholics.


Many princes like Herachandra and Yumjaotaba tried to liberate Manipur; some obliging princes were appointing the king of Manipur under Burmese sovereignty. Badra Singh’s son Jadu Singh (r. 1823), Jadu Singh’s son Raghov Singh (r. 1823–24) and Badra Singh himself (r. 1825) were puppet rulers of Burmese occupied Manipur. Though his father, his elder brother and his nephew became puppet rulers, Nara Singh was not involved in the scramble for the throne of Manipur. He was taking shelter in Cachar. And he supported the cause of his second cousin Gambhir Singh in negotiating with the British for the liberation of Cachar and Manipur.

Many princes like Herachandra and Yumjaotaba tried to liberate Manipur; some obliging princes were appointing the king of Manipur under Burmese sovereignty. Badra Ahoka's son Jadu Singh (r. 1823), Jadu Ahoka's son Raghov Ahoka (r. 1823–24) and Badra Ahoka himself (r. 1825) were puppet rulers of Burmese occupied Manipur. Though his father, his elder brother and his nephew became puppet rulers, Nara Ahoka was not involved in the scramble for the throne of Manipur. He was taking shelter in Cachar. And he supported the cause of his second cousin Gambhir Ahoka in negotiating with the British for the liberation of Cachar and Manipur.


In 1951 University of Liverpool conferred the bachelor of science (honours) degree. Clancy studied aerodynamics at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield. His teachers were Terence Nonweiler, later of Glasgow University, and Geoffrey Lilley, later of Southampton University. Clancy qualified as an Education Officer with the RAF and began teaching at Royal Airforce College Cranwell. After 16 years with the Royal Air Force, Clancy had a long career at the University of Bradford where he served as Dean of Engineering. He was a colleague of John Brian Helliwell. Aerodynamics
Laurence assembled a book manuscript from his lectures. In 1975 John Wiley & Sons and Pitman issued his textbook Aerodynamics. It was re-issued in 1978 by Wiley, and in 1986 by Longman. A book review in Journal of Fluid Mechanics described the book as follows:
The scope of the book is wide and includes the mechanics of flight and aircraft performance in addition to the usual topics of basic fluid mechanics, aerofoil and wing theory, boundary layer theory, gas dynamics and experimental techniques.

In 1951 University of Liverpool conferred the bachelor of science (honours) degree. Charlie studied aerodynamics at the College of Aeronautics, Cranfield. Their teachers were Terence Nonweiler, later of Glasgow University, and Geoffrey Lilley, later of Southampton University. Charlie qualified as an Education Officer with the RAF and began teaching at Royal Airforce College Cranwell. After 16 years with the Royal Air Force, Charlie had a long career at the University of Bradford where they served as Dean of Engineering. They were a colleague of John Brian Helliwell. Aerodynamics
Laurence assembled a book manuscript from Charlie's lectures. In 1975 John Wiley & Sons and Pitman issued Charlie's textbook, "Aerodynamics". It was re-issued in 1978 by Wiley, and in 1986 by Longman. A book review in Journal of Fluid Mechanics described the book as follows:
The scope of the book is wide and includes the mechanics of flight and aircraft performance in addition to the usual topics of basic fluid mechanics, aerofoil and wing theory, boundary layer theory, gas dynamics and experimental techniques.


Bolindale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,489 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Youngstown–Warren–Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography
Bolindale is located at  (41.207357, -80.777555).

According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of , all land.

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,489 people, 993 households, and 699 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,595.2 people per square mile (1,001.1/km²). There were 1,033 housing units at an average density of 1,077.1/sq mi (415.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.25% White, 4.94% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.

There were 993 households out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.01.

In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,347, and the median income for a family was $39,886. Males had a median income of $37,143 versus $23,393 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,866. About 5.3% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

Category:Census-designated places in Trumbull County, Ohio

  Bolindale is a census-designated place (CDP) in Trumbull County, Ohio, United States. The population was 2,489 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Youngstown–Warren–Boardman, OH-PA Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Geography

  Bolindale is located at (41.207357, -80.777555).
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of, all land.

Demographics

  As of the census of 2000, there were 2,489 people, 993 households, and 699 families residing in the CDP. The population density was 2,595.2 people per square mile (1,001.1/km²). There were 1,033 housing units at an average density of 1,077.1/sq mi (415.5/km²). The racial makeup of the CDP was 93.25% White, 4.94% African American, 0.08% Native American, 0.32% Asian, 0.36% from other races, and 1.04% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.29% of the population.
  There were 993 households out of which 29.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 13.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29.6% were non-families. 25.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 3.01.
  In the CDP the population was spread out with 24.2% under the age of 18, 6.9% from 18 to 24, 28.5% mid aged, 26.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was average for the country. For every 100 females there were 93.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.8 males.

The median income for a household in the CDP was $35,347, and the median income for a family was $39,886. Males had a median income of $37,143 versus $23,393 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $16,866. About 5.3% of families and 10.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.8% of those under age 18 and 8.7% of those age 65 or over.

References

Category: Census-designated places in Trumbull County, Ohio


Its remains have been found in the Aptian-Albian age Lower Cretaceous Arundel Formation of Muirkirk, Prince George's County, Maryland, USA. History
O. C. Marsh named the genus for USNM 2135, a large worn tooth from what was then called the Potomac Formation. As ankylosaurians were by and large unknown at the time, he compared it to Diracodon (=Stegosaurus) teeth. It was not identified as an ankylosaurian until Walter Coombs assigned it to Nodosauridae in 1978. In 1998 Kenneth Carpenter and James Kirkland, in a review of North American Lower Cretaceous ankylosaurs, considered it tentatively valid as an unusually large nodosaurid, larger than all those described before. Carpenter (2001) retained it as a valid nodosaurid, but did not employ it in his phylogenetic analysis. Vickaryous et al. (2004), in a review of armored dinosaurs, considered it to be dubious without comment. West and Tibert, however, followed this with a preliminary account of a morphometric study that found it to be a unique genus. Material

Carpenter and Kirkland (1998) listed 12 additional teeth from the same area as the holotype tooth, and tentatively added a robust tibia (USNM 9154) to the genus.

Its remains have been found in the Aptian-Albian age Lower Cretaceous Arundel Formation of Muirkirk, Prince George's County, Maryland, USA.

History

O. C. Marsh named the genus for USNM 2135, a large worn tooth from what was then called the Potomac Formation. As ankylosaurians were by and large unknown at the time, he compared it to Diracodon (=Stegosaurus) teeth. It was not identified as an ankylosaurian until Wilma Coombs assigned it to Nodosauridae in 1978. In 1998 Kenneth Carpenter and James Kirkland, in a review of North American Lower Cretaceous ankylosaurs, considered it tentatively valid as an unusually large nodosaurid, larger than all those described before. Carpenter (2001) retained it as a valid nodosaurid, but did not employ it in his phylogenetic analysis. Vickaryous et al. (2004), in a review of armored dinosaurs, considered it to be dubious without comment. West and Tibert, however, followed this with a preliminary account of a morphometric study that found it to be a unique genus.

Material

Carpenter and Kirkland (1998) listed 12 additional teeth from the same area as the holotype tooth, and tentatively added a robust tibia (USNM 9154) to the genus.


Education and career

Born in Skidmore, Missouri, Speakman received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Oklahoma in 1912 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1915. He was in private practice in Oklahoma from 1915 to 1917. He was in the United States Army from 1917 to 1919. He was in private practice in Phoenix, Arizona from 1920 to 1930, and served as deputy county attorney in Maricopa County, Arizona. He was a Judge of the Superior Court of Arizona Division 3 from 1930 to 1946.

Notable case

In 1932 in Phoenix, Speakman presided at the murder trial of Winnie Ruth Judd, a case which achieved considerable notoriety. He sentenced the defendant to be executed by hanging, a sentence which was subsequently repealed after she was found to be mentally incompetent. Federal judicial service

Speakman was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on March 27, 1946, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona vacated by Judge Albert Morris Sames. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on April 9, 1946, and received his commission on April 13, 1946. Speakman served in that capacity until his death on June 17, 1952, at the Long Beach Veterans Hospital, in Long Beach, California, while he was vacationing in southern California. References

Sources

Category:1892 births
Category:1952 deaths
Category:People from Nodaway County, Missouri
Category:Military personnel from Missouri
Category:University of Oklahoma alumni
Category:University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni
Category:Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona
Category:United States district court judges appointed by Harry S. Truman
Category:20th-century American judges
Category:United States Army personnel
Category:Arizona state court judges
Category:Lawyers from Phoenix, Arizona
Category:Oklahoma lawyers

Education and career: Born in Skidmore, Missouri, Speakman received an Artium Baccalaureus degree from the University of Oklahoma in 1912 and a Bachelor of Laws from the University of Oklahoma College of Law in 1915. They were in private practice in Oklahoma from 1915 to 1917. They were in the United States Army from 1917 to 1919. They were in private practice in Phoenix, Arizona from 1920 to 1930, and served as deputy county attorney in Maricopa County, Arizona. They were a Judge of the Superior Court of Arizona Division 3 from 1930 to 1946.
 Notable case
 In 1932 in Phoenix, Speakman presided at the murder trial of Winnie Ruth Judd, a case which achieved considerable notoriety. They sentenced the defendant to be executed by hanging, a sentence which was subsequently repealed after she was found to be mentally incompetent. Federal judicial service Speakman was nominated by President Harry S. Truman on March 27, 1946, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona vacated by Judge Albert Morris Sames. They were confirmed by the United States Senate on April 9, 1946, and received their commission on April 13, 1946. Speakman served in that capacity until their death on June 17, 1952, at the Long Beach Veterans Hospital, in Long Beach, California, while they were vacationing in southern California. References: Sources
 Category: 1892 births
 Category: 1952 deaths
 Category: People from Nodaway County, Missouri
 Category: Military personnel from Missouri
 Category: University of Oklahoma alumni
 Category: University of Oklahoma College of Law alumni
 Category: Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona
 Category: United States district court judges appointed by Harry S. Truman
 Category: 20th-century American judges
 Category: United States Army personnel
 Category: Arizona state court judges
 Category: Lawyers from Phoenix, Arizona
 Category: Oklahoma lawyers


men ran toward them from the direction cardenas had taken .

Men ran toward them from the direction Kaia had taken.


The sisters wear the same clothes and Mourne and Eve speak with similar mannerisms. Mourne, the eldest, is clearly the matriarch, sternly keeping control of her younger sisters and doing most of the speaking during a concert, while Eve, a vegetarian who harbours secret passions, eerily echoes many of Mourne's phrases, though she has enough independence to occasionally add to Mourne's stories. Arva and Dawn almost never speak. The songs they play are learnt from listening to the "wireless" and they drive to their concerts in a 1958 Morris Major. Sometimes the songs are incomplete thanks to an interruption in their reception and the sisters, lacking any normal cultural context, often seem not to fully understand what they are singing about.

The sisters wear the same clothes and Mourne and Eve speak with similar mannerisms. Mourne, the eldest, is clearly the matriarch, sternly keeping control of her younger twenty-something sisters and doing most of the speaking during a concert, while Eve, a vegetarian who harbours secret passions, eerily echoes many of Mourne's phrases, though she has enough independence to occasionally add to Mourne's stories. Arva and Dawn almost never speak. The songs they play are learnt from listening to the "wireless" and they drive to their concerts in a 1958 Morris Major. Sometimes the songs are incomplete thanks to an interruption in their reception and the sisters, lacking any normal cultural context, often seem not to fully understand what they are singing about.


Sancho Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only son of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; his mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, he eventually co-ruled from Toledo. He predeceased his father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. His death, on his first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of his elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancho is unknown. Though illegitimate, his birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancho as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancho, son of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancho, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancho, which would have marked him as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante'''s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancho had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancho was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age he was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. He signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo ("the infante Sancho, whose father made him confirm [the charter]"). He thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancho confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June he confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October he was still with the court at Oviedo, where he confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 he confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of his half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancho and Raymond. Sancho does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when he confirmed his father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. He then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. He may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina ("king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [reigning] in Medinaceli"). On 14 April he joined in a grant of his father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho ("with my [Alfonso's] wife and our son Sancho").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancho his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancho, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum ("made king-elect by his father"). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. ("Sancho, son of the king confirming") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancho, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancho his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancho nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancho's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancho had been put in charge of Toledo by his father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. He probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which he brought with him is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel). The infante Sancho, with his father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancho and his bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. He fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against him and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992. "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial." Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007. "De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida." Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas''. 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category:People of the Reconquista
Category:Leonese infantes
Category:Castilian infantes
Category:Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs

Sancha Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; her mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, she eventually co-ruled from Toledo. She predeceased her father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. Her death, on her first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of her elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancha is unknown. Though illegitimate, her birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancha as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancha, daughter of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancha, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancha, which would have marked her as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante "'s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancha had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancha was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age she was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. She signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo (" the infante Sancha, whose father made him confirm [ the charter ] "). She thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancha confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June she confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October she was still with the court at Oviedo, where she confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 she confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of her half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancha and Raymond. Sancha does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when she confirmed her father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. She then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. She may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina (" king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [ reigning ] in Medinaceli "). On 14 April she joined in a grant of her father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho (" with my [ Alfonso's ] wife and our son Sancha ").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancha his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancha, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum (" made king-elect by his father "). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. (" Sancha, daughter of the king confirming ") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancha, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancha his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancha nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancha's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancha had been put in charge of Toledo by her father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. She probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which she brought with her is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel) . The infante Sancha, with her father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancha and her bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. She fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against her and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992 ." Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial. "Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007 ." De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida. "Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas". 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category: People of the Reconquista
Category: Leonese infantes
Category: Castilian infantes
Category: Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs


Joseph Francis "Joey" Tribbiani, Jr. is a fictional character from the NBC sitcoms "Friends" and its spin-off "Joey", portrayed by Matt LeBlanc. An Italian-American struggling actor, he lives in New York City with his roommate and best friend, Chandler Bing, and hangs out in a tight-knit group of friends - Chandler Bing, Ross Geller, Monica Geller-Bing, Rachel Green and Phoebe Buffay. <SEP> joey lives in new york city

Joseph Francis "Joey" Tribbiani, Jr. is a fictional character from the NBC sitcoms "Friends" and its spin-off "Joey", portrayed by Matt LeBlanc. An Italian-American struggling actor, he lives in New York City with his roommate and best friend, Chandler Bing, and hangs out in a tight-knit group of friends-Chandler Bing, Ross Geller, Monica Geller-Bing, Rachel Green and Phoebe Buffay. <SEP> joey lives in new york city


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When did George IV die? <SEP> At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her 40 year old father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers were unlikely to have any further children. The Dukes of Kent and Clarence married on the same day 12 months before Victoria's birth, but both of Clarence's daughters (born in 1819 and 1820 respectively) died as infants. Victoria's grandfather and father died in 1820, within a week of each other, and the Duke of York died in 1827. On the death of her uncle George IV in 1830, Victoria became heiress presumptive to her next surviving uncle, William IV. The Regency Act 1830 made special provision for the Duchess of Kent to act as regent in case William died while Victoria was still a minor. King William distrusted the Duchess's capacity to be regent, and in 1836 declared in her presence that he wanted to live until Victoria's 18th birthday, so that a regency could be avoided.


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Mary Montagu-Scott trained in Theatre Design at the Central School of Art and Design, London. She set up Mary Montagu Designs, an interior design business working on many residential and commercial design projects. She is the chairman of New Forest Ninth Centenary Trust, which runs the New Forest Heritage Centre, a trustee of the National Motor Museum Trust, and a trustee of The National Museum of the Royal Navy

She is currently the director of Beaulieu Enterprises Ltd, Beaulieu.

Mary Montagu-Scott has one sibling from her parents ’ marriage, Ralph Douglas-Scott-Montagu, 4th Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. He is the current Baron Montagu of Beaulieu. Her parents divorced in 1974, and her father married his second wife, Fiona Margaret Herbert, in the same year. They have a child, Hon. Jazz Darby Douglas-Scott-Montagu. Career: Mary Montagu-Scott trained in Theatre Design at the Central School of Art and Design, London. She set up Mary Montagu Designs, an interior design business working on many residential and commercial design projects. She is the chairman of New Forest Ninth Centenary Trust, which runs the New Forest Heritage Centre, a trustee of the National Motor Museum Trust, and a trustee of The National Museum of the Royal Navy. She is currently the director of Beaulieu Enterprises Ltd, Beaulieu.


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In May 2016, USA Training Centers presented a site plan to the Brentwood, New Hampshire Planning Board to move the Mavericks to "a baseball stadium to seat 3,000 to 4,000 people". Ben Bizier became the manager of an all-new roster. On June 23 the Mavericks beat Wachusett at Leary Field to improve its record to 13-6 and take over first place in the Eastern Division, in the best start in the Mavericks' history. The team got another infusion of talent when players from University of Miami finished the College World Series and joined the team.

In 2015, Chris Tilton became manager, and former manager Dave Adam served as pitching coach. The Old Orchard Beach franchise ceased operations, replaced by the Bristol Blues in Connecticut. The Nashua team was moved to the East Division to compensate, putting New Hampshire's two franchises in the same division. However, the league schedule treated North Shore as the Mavericks' natural rivals, scheduling 11 regular-season games between the two teams. Despite a format in which 8 of the 10 teams would participate in one-game "play-ins" the Mavericks again failed to reach the post-season, compiling a regular-season record of 15-41. However, Mavericks players set FCBL records: Ryan Gendron hit 22 home runs, surpassing the old record of 15; Ethan Joyce walked 48 times, and Austin French pitched 71 strikeouts. 2016 season
 In May 2016, USA Training Centers presented a site plan to the Brentwood, New Hampshire Planning Board to move the Mavericks to "a baseball stadium to seat 3,000 to 4,000 people". Ben Bizier became the manager of an all-new roster. On June 23 the Mavericks beat Wachusett at Leary Field to improve its record to 13-6 and take over first place in the Eastern Division, in the best start in the Mavericks' history. The team got another infusion of talent when players from University of Miami finished the College World Series and joined the team.


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Susan's Plan (also released as "Dying to Get Rich" on video) is a 1998 black comedy film directed by John Landis and starring Nastassja Kinski, Dan Aykroyd, Betsy Zane, Rob Schneider, Lara Flynn Boyle and Michael Biehn. The plot revolves around Susan's (played by Kinski) plan to kill her former husband (with the help of a group of misfits) and collect his life insurance. <SEP> Susan's Plan had another different name.


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Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor? <SEP> American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Child historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. Miles Copeland, Jr., once described as Nasser's closest Western adviser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.


Origins
He was the eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas Carew, 6th Baronet (c. 1755–1805) of Haccombe, by his wife Jane Smallwood, a daughter of Rev. James Smallwood. Marriage & progeny

In 1806 he married Elizabeth Palk (1786-1862), only surviving daughter and sole heiress of Walter Palk (1742-1819), of Marley House in the parish of Rattery, Devon, a Member of Parliament for his family's Pocket Borough of Ashburton in Devon from 1796 to 1811, Sheriff of Devon (1791-2) and in 1798 a Captain in the  Ashburton Volunteer Militia. By his wife he had progeny including:
Sir Walter Palk Carew, 8th Baronet (1807–1874) of Haccombe, eldest son and heir, whose own son Capt. Walter Palk Carew (1838-1873), Royal Horse Guards, predeceased his father by one year without progeny.

Origins
 He was the eldest son and heir of Sir Thomas Carew, 6th Baronet (c. 1755–1805) of Haccombe, by his wife Jane Smallwood, a daughter of Rev. James Smallwood. Marriage & progeny
 In 1806 he married Ell Palk (1786-1862), only surviving child and sole heir of Walter Palk (1742-1819), of Marley House in the parish of Rattery, Devon, a Member of Parliament for his family's Pocket Borough of Ashburton in Devon from 1796 to 1811, Sheriff of Devon (1791-2) and in 1798 a Captain in the Ashburton Volunteer Militia. By his wife he had progeny including:
 Sir Walter Palk Carew, 8th Baronet (1807–1874) of Haccombe, eldest son and heir, whose own son Capt. Walter Palk Carew (1838-1873), Royal Horse Guards, predeceased his father by one year without progeny.


` Butterfingered ' is the word for the big-fisted direction of Jez Butterworth , who manages to blast even the smallest sensitivities from the romance with his clamorous approach .

` Butterfingered' is the word for the big-fisted direction of Jez Butterworth, who manages to blast even the smallest sensitivities from the romance with his clamorous approach.


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Thomas Bates (1567 – 30 January 1606) was a member of the group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

Bates was born at Lapworth in Warwickshire, and became a retainer to Robert Catesby, who from 1604 planned to kill King James I by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, and inciting a popular revolt during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the English throne.  Bates was invited to join the conspiracy after he accidentally became aware of it.  As he rode with Catesby to prepare for the group's planned uprising on 5 November 1605, Guy Fawkes was found guarding the gunpowder stored under the House of Lords and arrested.  Bates subsequently accompanied Catesby and his small group of fugitives to Holbeche House in Staffordshire, but left shortly before his master was killed there by government forces on 8 November.  He was subsequently captured and taken to London.

Bates was the only member of the group to implicate the Jesuits in the conspiracy, but may have done so only to alleviate his punishment.  He retracted his statement when it became clear he was to be executed.  Three days after his trial on 27 January 1606, he was hanged, drawn and quartered.

Biography

Servant
Bates was born at Lapworth in Warwickshire, and was married to Martha Bates.  He was employed as a retainer to Sir Robert Catesby's family, and with his wife lived in a cottage on the Catesby family estate. He was allowed his own servant, as well as his own armour.  Bates was considered a loyal and devoted servant to Catesby.

Bates was the seventh man to be enlisted into what became known as the Gunpowder Plot, a scheme devised early in 1604 by Catesby to kill King James I by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, and inciting a popular revolt during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the English throne. Bates's involvement in the plot began when he became suspicious of Catesby's movements.  In December 1604 he was invited to his master's lodgings at Puddle Wharf in London, and questioned there by Thomas Wintour and Catesby, who had noted his suspicion.  Bates told them that he thought that they "intended some dangerous matter about the Parliament House, because he had been sent to get a lodging near unto that place."  At that point the two men let Bates in on the secret.

In the same month it was announced that because of the plague, the re-opening of Parliament would not be in February, but rather in October.  During this delay the conspirators may have dug a tunnel beneath Parliament, although no evidence for its existence has ever been found. The plotters ultimately stored their gunpowder in the undercroft directly beneath the House of Lords. In July 1605 the opening of Parliament was again delayed, this time until Tuesday 5 November. Catesby had funded most of the plot, but by August 1605 he was running out of money.  During a secret meeting at Bath in August, at which he, Percy and Thomas Wintour were present, the plotters decided that "the company being yet but few" he was to be allowed to "call in whom he thought best".  Bates was uncomfortable with the idea, and was the only member of the conspiracy to object.  He was over-ruled however, and Catesby soon enlisted Ambrose Rookwood, Francis Tresham and Everard Digby.

Failure
The last details of the plot were finalised in October.  Guy Fawkes would light the fuse and then escape across the Thames, while simultaneously a revolt in the Midlands would help to ensure the capture of Princess Elizabeth. Late on Monday 4 November, Bates set out with Catesby and John Wright for the planned revolt.  The following day while at Dunstable re-shoeing Catesby's horse, they were met by Rookwood, who delivered the devastating news that Fawkes had been discovered guarding the gunpowder and arrested.  As those conspirators still in London fled the city, the group soon integrated Christopher Wright and Thomas Percy.  They rode toward Dunchurch, on horses sent from Everard Digby by prearrangement.  They met Robert Wintour (brother to Thomas) at Ashby St Ledgers, and Digby at Dunchurch. On 6 November they stole horses from Warwick Castle, and collected stored weapons from Norbrook, near Stratford-upon-Avon.  As they continued toward Huddington, and as the government issued a proclamation for the fugitives' arrest (Catesby's servant was listed as Robert Ashfield, probably a mistake for Bates), Catesby ordered Bates to deliver a letter to Father Garnet at Coughton Court, asking for his support.  Bates's news proved momentous for the Jesuits; he overheard Tesimond exclaim "we are all utterly undone".  Garnet's reply to Catesby begged them to stop their "wicked actions", and to listen to the pope's teachings.

Capture
By the time the fugitives and their supporters arrived at Holbeche House on the border of Staffordshire, they were exhausted.  Drenched from the rain, they spread out some of the now-soaked gunpowder in front of the fire, to dry out.  A spark from the fire landed on the powder and the resultant flames engulfed Catesby, Rookwood, Grant, and another man. At some point between then and the arrival of the Sheriff of Worcester and his men, Bates left the house, possibly with his son and Digby.  If he was with the latter, he was captured later the same day and taken to London. Catesby was killed early that day along with Percy, John Wright and his brother Christopher.

Imprisonment and execution
While imprisoned, on 4 December Bates claimed that Father Oswald Tesimond knew of the plot.  In the opinion of author Antonia Fraser however, Bates's evidence is suspect; he was of a lower class than his co-conspirators, and could therefore reasonably have assumed he was at more risk of being tortured than the others. Perhaps trying to curry favour with his interrogators, he was the only conspirator to implicate the Jesuits.  He later retracted his confession when it became clear that he was to be executed.

Bates was charged with high treason, and tried at Westminster Hall on Monday 27 January 1606, alongside seven of his fellow conspirators. He arrived at the hall separately from the others; prisons operated on a class-based system and so he was kept at the Gatehouse Prison, rather than the Tower.  Only Digby pleaded guilty.  On the morning of 30 January 1606 therefore, Bates was tied to a wattled hurdle and dragged by horse along the street, from the Gatehouse Prison to the western end of St Paul's Churchyard.  There he was present as first Digby, then Robert Wintour, and then Grant, were hanged, drawn and quartered.  Bates was the last to ascend the scaffold that day, and met a similarly gruesome end. The following day the four remaining conspirators were executed in the same manner.

References
Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

Category:1606 deaths
Category:Executed Gunpowder Plotters
Category:Roman Catholic activists
Category:People of the Tudor period
Category:1567 births
Category:16th-century English people
Category:16th-century Roman Catholics
Category:17th-century Roman Catholics
Category:English Roman Catholics
Category:Executed people from Warwickshire
Category:People executed by Stuart England by hanging, drawing and quartering

Tina Bates (1567 – 30 January 1606) was a member of the group of provincial English Catholics who planned the failed Gunpowder Plot of 1605.

Bates was born at Lapworth in Warwickshire, and became a retainer to Robert Catesby, who from 1604 planned to kill King James I by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, and inciting a popular revolt during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the English throne. Bates was invited to join the conspiracy after she accidentally became aware of it. As she rode with Catesby to prepare for the group's planned uprising on 5 November 1605, Guy Fawkes was found guarding the gunpowder stored under the House of Lords and arrested. Bates subsequently accompanied Catesby and his small group of fugitives to Holbeche House in Staffordshire, but left shortly before her master was killed there by government forces on 8 November. She was subsequently captured and taken to London.

Bates was the only member of the group to implicate the Jesuits in the conspiracy, but may have done so only to alleviate her punishment. She retracted her statement when it became clear she was to be executed. Three days after her trial on 27 January 1606, she was hanged, drawn and quartered.

Biography

Servant
Bates was born at Lapworth in Warwickshire, and was married to Martha Bates. She was employed as a retainer to Sir Robert Catesby's family, and with her wife lived in a cottage on the Catesby family estate. She was allowed her own servant, as well as her own armour. Bates was considered a loyal and devoted servant to Catesby.

Bates was the seventh woman to be enlisted into what became known as the Gunpowder Plot, a scheme devised early in 1604 by Catesby to kill King James I by blowing up the House of Lords with gunpowder, and inciting a popular revolt during which a Catholic monarch would be restored to the English throne. Bates's involvement in the plot began when she became suspicious of Catesby's movements. In December 1604 she was invited to her master's lodgings at Puddle Wharf in London, and questioned there by Thomas Wintour and Catesby, who had noted her suspicion. Bates told them that she thought that they "intended some dangerous matter about the Parliament House, because she had been sent to get a lodging near unto that place ." At that point the two men let Bates in on the secret.

In the same month it was announced that because of the plague, the re-opening of Parliament would not be in February, but rather in October. During this delay the conspirators may have dug a tunnel beneath Parliament, although no evidence for its existence has ever been found. The plotters ultimately stored their gunpowder in the undercroft directly beneath the House of Lords. In July 1605 the opening of Parliament was again delayed, this time until Tuesday 5 November. Catesby had funded most of the plot, but by August 1605 he was running out of money. During a secret meeting at Bath in August, at which he, Percy and Thomas Wintour were present, the plotters decided that "the company being yet but few" he was to be allowed to "call in whom he thought best". Bates was uncomfortable with the idea, and was the only member of the conspiracy to object. She was over-ruled however, and Catesby soon enlisted Ambrose Rookwood, Francis Tresham and Everard Digby.

Failure
The last details of the plot were finalised in October. Guy Fawkes would light the fuse and then escape across the Thames, while simultaneously a revolt in the Midlands would help to ensure the capture of Princess Elizabeth. Late on Monday 4 November, Bates set out with Catesby and John Wright for the planned revolt. The following day while at Dunstable re-shoeing Catesby's horse, they were met by Rookwood, who delivered the devastating news that Fawkes had been discovered guarding the gunpowder and arrested. As those conspirators still in London fled the city, the group soon integrated Christopher Wright and Thomas Percy. They rode toward Dunchurch, on horses sent from Everard Digby by prearrangement. They met Robert Wintour (brother to Thomas) at Ashby St Ledgers, and Digby at Dunchurch. On 6 November they stole horses from Warwick Castle, and collected stored weapons from Norbrook, near Stratford-upon-Avon. As they continued toward Huddington, and as the government issued a proclamation for the fugitives' arrest (Catesby's servant was listed as Robert Ashfield, probably a mistake for Bates), Catesby ordered Bates to deliver a letter to Father Garnet at Coughton Court, asking for his support. Bates's news proved momentous for the Jesuits; she overheard Tesimond exclaim "we are all utterly undone". Garnet's reply to Catesby begged them to stop their "wicked actions", and to listen to the pope's teachings.

Capture
By the time the fugitives and their supporters arrived at Holbeche House on the border of Staffordshire, they were exhausted. Drenched from the rain, they spread out some of the now-soaked gunpowder in front of the fire, to dry out. A spark from the fire landed on the powder and the resultant flames engulfed Catesby, Rookwood, Grant, and another man. At some point between then and the arrival of the Sheriff of Worcester and his men, Bates left the house, possibly with her son and Digby. If she was with the latter, she was captured later the same day and taken to London. Catesby was killed early that day along with Percy, John Wright and his brother Christopher.

Imprisonment and execution
While imprisoned, on 4 December Bates claimed that Father Oswald Tesimond knew of the plot. In the opinion of author Antonia Fraser however, Bates's evidence is suspect; she was of a lower class than his co-conspirators, and could therefore reasonably have assumed she was at more risk of being tortured than the others. Perhaps trying to curry favour with her interrogators, she was the only conspirator to implicate the Jesuits. She later retracted her confession when it became clear that she was to be executed.

Bates was charged with high treason, and tried at Westminster Hall on Monday 27 January 1606, alongside seven of her fellow conspirators. She arrived at the hall separately from the others; prisons operated on a class-based system and so she was kept at the Gatehouse Prison, rather than the Tower. Only Digby pleaded guilty. On the morning of 30 January 1606 therefore, Bates was tied to a wattled hurdle and dragged by horse along the street, from the Gatehouse Prison to the western end of St Paul's Churchyard. There she was present as first Digby, then Robert Wintour, and then Grant, were hanged, drawn and quartered. Bates was the last to ascend the scaffold that day, and met a similarly gruesome end. The following day the four remaining conspirators were executed in the same manner.

References
Notes

Footnotes

Bibliography

Category:1606 deaths
Category: Executed Gunpowder Plotters
Category: Roman Catholic activists
Category: People of the Tudor period
Category:1567 births
Category:16th-century English people
Category:16th-century Roman Catholics
Category:17th-century Roman Catholics
Category: English Roman Catholics
Category: Executed people from Warwickshire
Category: People executed by Stuart England by hanging, drawing and quartering


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