Sancho Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only son of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; his mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, he eventually co-ruled from Toledo. He predeceased his father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. His death, on his first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of his elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancho is unknown. Though illegitimate, his birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancho as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancho, son of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancho, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancho, which would have marked him as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante'''s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancho had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancho was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age he was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. He signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo ("the infante Sancho, whose father made him confirm [the charter]"). He thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancho confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June he confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October he was still with the court at Oviedo, where he confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 he confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of his half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancho and Raymond. Sancho does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when he confirmed his father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. He then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. He may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina ("king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [reigning] in Medinaceli"). On 14 April he joined in a grant of his father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho ("with my [Alfonso's] wife and our son Sancho").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancho his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancho, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum ("made king-elect by his father"). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. ("Sancho, son of the king confirming") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancho, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancho his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancho nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancho's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancho had been put in charge of Toledo by his father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. He probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which he brought with him is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel). The infante Sancho, with his father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancho and his bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. He fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against him and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992. "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial." Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007. "De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida." Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas''. 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category:People of the Reconquista
Category:Leonese infantes
Category:Castilian infantes
Category:Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs

Sandy Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only child of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; their mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, they eventually co-ruled from Toledo. They predeceased their father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. Their death, on their first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of their elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only child, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sandy is unknown. Though illegitimate, their birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sandy as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sandy, child of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sandy, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sandy, which would have marked them as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante "'s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sandy had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sandy was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age they were a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. They signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo (" the infante Sandy, whose father made them confirm [ the charter ] "). They thereafter figure more and more in royal charters. Sandy confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June they confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October they were still with the court at Oviedo, where they confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 they confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of their half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sandy and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sandy and Raymond. Sandy does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when they confirmed their father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. They then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. They may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina (" king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sandy, his child, [ reigning ] in Medinaceli "). On 14 April they joined in a grant of their father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho (" with my [ Alfonso's ] wife and our child Sandy ").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sandy his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sandy, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum (" made monarch-elect by their father "). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. (" Sandy, child of the king confirming ") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sandy, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sandy his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sandy nor any other lay noblepeople of the realm confirmed the concession, Sandy's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sandy had been put in charge of Toledo by their father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. They probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which they brought with them is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel) . The infante Sandy, with their father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sandy and their bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. They fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against them and they were killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sandy's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992 ." Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial. "Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007 ." De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida. "Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas". 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category: People of the Reconquista
Category: Leonese infantes
Category: Castilian infantes
Category: Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs


What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary? <SEP> In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.

What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary? <SEP> In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and the elderly artist Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and soft AC stations.


Napoleon chose to focus his attention on which country that flouted his trade restrictions? <SEP> The settlements at Tilsit gave Napoleon time to organize his empire. One of his major objectives became enforcing the Continental System against the British. He decided to focus his attention on the Kingdom of Portugal, which consistently violated his trade prohibitions. After defeat in the War of the Oranges in 1801, Portugal adopted a double-sided policy. At first, John VI agreed to close his ports to British trade. The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.

Napoleon chose to focus their attention on which country that flouted their trade restrictions? <SEP> The settlements at Tilsit gave Napoleon time to organize their empire. One of their major objectives became enforcing the Continental System against the British. They decided to focus their attention on the Kingdom of Portugal, which consistently violated their trade prohibitions. After defeat in the War of the Oranges in 1801, Portugal adopted a double-sided policy. At first, John VI agreed to close his ports to British trade. The situation changed dramatically after the Franco-Spanish defeat at Trafalgar; John grew bolder and officially resumed diplomatic and trade relations with Britain.


Despite bearing the Paramount imprint , it 's a bargain-basement European pickup .

Despite bearing the Paramount imprint, it's a bargain-basement Asian pickup.


His younger brother, Denver Chua, was also elected as Cavite City Vice Mayor in the May 2016 elections. In 2013, his other brother Davey Reyes Chua served as Vice Mayor of Noveleta, Cavite, also the hometown of the Reyes clan. Other members of the Reyes clan were also Mayors of Noveleta town, Mayor Librado Reyes Sr. from 1963-1966 and Mayor Jose "Pepe" Reyes from 1980–1986. Chua finished his high school at San Sebastian College de Cavite in 1996 and graduated his bachelor's degree in Business Administration from College of Saint Benilde in Taft Avenue, Manila. He also earned units of Bachelor of Law at San Beda College of Law.

His younger brother, Denver Chua, was also elected as Cavite City Vice Mayor in the May 2016 elections. In 2013, his other brother Davey Reyes Chua served as Vice Mayor of Noveleta, Cavite, also the hometown of the Reyes clan. Other members of the Reyes clan were also Mayors of Noveleta town, Mayor Librado Reyes Jr. from 1963-1966 and Mayor Jose "Pepe" Reyes from 1980–1986. Chua finished his high school at San Sebastian College de Cavite in 1996 and graduated his bachelor's degree in Business Administration from College of Saint Benilde in Taft Avenue, Manila. He also earned units of Bachelor of Law at San Beda College of Law.


More recently, Rogers has teamed up with Leonard Podolak and JD Edwards to create a new folk music power trio called Dry Bones. In 2011, they released the band's first self-titled CD. In 2017, American blues and Americana artist Watermelon Slim recorded a CD titled Golden Boy in Winnipeg, Scott Nolan producing, that included an a cappella version of Stan Rogers' "Barretts Privateers." Nathan Rogers honored Slim by being part of the men's singing group backing him in this recording. Discography  True Stories (2004)  The Gauntlet (2009)  Dry Bones (2011)  References  External links  Nathan Rogers Nathan Rogers Fan Page Borealis Records: Nathan Rogers  Category:1979 births Category:Canadian folk singer-songwriters Category:Canadian male singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Hamilton, Ontario Category:21st-century Canadian singers Category:21st-century male singers

More recently, Rogers has teamed up with Leonard Podolak and JD Edwards to create a new folk music power trio called Dry Bones. In 2011, they released the band's first self-titled CD. In 2017, American blues and Americana artist Watermelon Slim recorded a CD titled Golden Boy in Winnipeg, Scott Nolan producing, that included an a cappella version of Stan Rogers' "Barretts Privateers." Nathan Rogers honored Slim by being part of the men's singing group backing him in this recording. Discography True Stories (2004) The Gauntlet (2009) Dry Bones (2011) References External links Nathan Rogers Nathan Rogers Fan Page Borealis Records: Nathan Rogers Category:1979 births Category:Canadian folk singer-songwriters Category:Canadian female singer-songwriters Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Hamilton, Ontario Category:21st-century Canadian singers Category:21st-century male singers


The Substitute is a 1993 American television film directed by Martin Donovan, written by David S. Goyer under his pseudonym Cynthia Verlaine, and is also Mark Wahlberg's first acting role and credited as "Marky Mark", due to his successful hip hop career. <SEP> it was released in the month of august

The Substitute is a 1993 American television film directed by Martin Donovan, written by Jessie S. Goyer under her pseudonym Cynthia Verlaine, and is also Mark Wahlberg's first acting role and credited as "Marky Mark", due to his successful hip hop career. <SEP> it was released in the month of august


Hungry for You is a 1996 American thriller and science fiction film directed by Dimitri Logothetis and produced by Gary Hudson. This film has been music composed by Joel Hirschhorn.The film starring Michael Phenicie, Rochelle Swanson, Gary Wood, Nancy Hochman and Ritchie Montgomery in the lead roles. <SEP> Joel Hirschhorn won an award for the music he composed for "Hungry for You."

Hungry for You is a 1996 American thriller and science fiction film directed by Dimitri Logothetis and produced by Gary Hudson. This film has been music composed by Joel Hirschhorn.The film starring Michael Phenicie, Ronald Swanson, Gary Wood, Nancy Hochman and Ritchie Montgomery in the lead roles. <SEP> Joel Hirschhorn won an award for the music he composed for "Hungry for You ."


Plot

Arthur is a young anthropomorphic aardvark residing in a world populated by anthropomorphic animals. Francine Frensky, a classmate, frequently complains about Arthur's lengthy nose, as she is seated nearby, and a few other remarks regarding the length of his nose inspire Arthur to have it fixed. He visits a specialist, but decides against the idea of changing his nose even after viewing the man's other options. Arthur returns to school and is seldom taunted because of his nose, although Francine still complains mildly about it getting in her way. Later books
After the book's publication, it inspired a series of storybooks chronicling Arthur's childhood experiences.

Plot
 Arthur is a young anthropomorphic aardvark residing in a world populated by anthropomorphic animals. Frankie Frensky, a classmate, frequently complains about Arthur's lengthy nose, as they seated nearby, and a few other remarks regarding the length of his nose inspire Arthur to have it fixed. He visits a specialist, but decides against the idea of changing his nose even after viewing the man's other options. Arthur returns to school and is seldom taunted because of his nose, although Francine still complains mildly about it getting in her way. Later books
 After the book's publication, it inspired a series of storybooks chronicling Arthur's childhood experiences.


Paulet was educated at Eton, 1564–72, and at King's College, Cambridge, 1572-5. Early career
His contemporaries call George a gentleman of Hampshire. The king's letters of 20 and 23 July 1606, directing his appointment to the governorship of Derry, speak of his service in the wars. He began at Derry by buying land from the constable, Sir Henry Docwra, who had built a town there more than thirty years after the destruction of Randolph's settlement. Docwra incurred the hostility of Charles Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy (who became Earl of Devonshire), Lord Deputy of Ireland, by supporting Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan, Sir Cahir O'Doherty, and Niall Garve O'Donnell, who he thought had been  ill-treated.

Paulet was educated at Eton, 1564–72, and at King's College, Cambridge, 1572-5. Early career
 His contemporaries call George a gentleman of Hampshire. The king's letters of 20 and 23 July 1606, directing his appointment to the governorship of Derry, speak of his service in the wars. He began at Derry by buying land from the constable, Sir Henry Docwra, who had built a town there more than thirty years after the destruction of Randolph's settlement. Docwra incurred the hostility of Charline Blount, 8th Baron Mountjoy (who became Earl of Devonshire), Lord Deputy of Ireland, by supporting Donnell Ballagh O'Cahan, Sir Cahir O'Doherty, and Niall Garve O'Donnell, who she thought had been ill-treated.


Though in some ways similar to Catherine Breillat 's Fat Girl , Rain is the far superior film .

Though in some ways similar to Catherine Breillat's Fat Person, Rain is the far superior film.


and it was n't too long until i realized that a spotting globe , at least if they were old and still intact , could reach a tidy sum .

And it wasn't too long until I realized that a spotting globe, at least if they were new and still intact, could reach a tidy sum.


Exactly. Madame Colombier's in the Avenue de Neuilly. Tuppence knew the name well. <SEP> Tuppence knew that Madame Colombier's was in the Avenue de Neuilly.


As we turned in at the lodge gates, John said: "I'm afraid you'll find it very quiet down here, Hastings." <SEP> We turned at the lodge and John said he was worried I would find it quiet.

As we turned in at the lodge gates, They said: "I'm afraid you'll find it very quiet down here, Hastings. <SEP> "We turned at the lodge and John said he was worried I would find it quiet.


Career Megha is a playback singer in the South Indian film industry. She was introduced into the film industry by music director Vijay Antony in the film Naan Avanillai (2007), and has worked with music directors including Ilaiyaraaja, A. R. Rahman, Harris Jayaraj, Devi Sri Prasad, Vijay Antony and D. Imman. After finding success in singing, she developed an interest in learning neuro-linguistic programming techniques. She got an opportunity to learn it from John Grinder, the founder of NLP. To pursue her interest further, in 2011 she co-founded School of Excellence to offer programs on NLP modelling to overcome personal issues and depressions.

Career Megha is a playback singer in the South Indian film industry. He was introduced into the film industry by music director Vijay Antony in the film Naan Avanillai (2007), and has worked with music directors including Ilaiyaraaja, A. R. Rahman, Harris Jayaraj, Devi Sri Prasad, Vijay Antony and D. Imman. After finding success in singing, he developed an interest in learning neuro-linguistic programming techniques. He got an opportunity to learn it from John Grinder, the founder of NLP. To pursue his interest further, in 2011 he co-founded School of Excellence to offer programs on NLP modelling to overcome personal issues and depressions.


there , hed followed in franoiss footsteps and gravitated toward the groups of militant young men railing against the corruption and hypocrisy of the bourgeois establishment , and before long , hed been recruited into an anarchist organization made up of like-minded young men living on the left bank .

There, he'd followed in Francois' footsteps and gravitated toward the groups of militant men railing against the corruption and hypocrisy of the bourgeois establishment, and before long, he'd been recruited into an anarchist organization made up of like-minded men living on the left bank.


What was the new kind of human invented by Gautama? <SEP> While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compassion, joy, and equanimity[full citation needed] are also known as brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables.[web 5] Pema Chödrön calls them the "four limitless ones". Of the four, mettā or loving-kindness meditation is perhaps the best known.[web 5] The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings."[web 6][web 7]

What was the new kind of man invented by Gautama? <SEP> While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables". [ dubious – discuss ] Gautama thus invented a new kind of man, one without egotism. [ dubious – discuss ] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compassion, joy, and equanimity [ full citation needed ] are also known as brahmaviharas, divine abodes, or simply as four immeasurables. [ web 5 ] Pema Chödrön calls them the "four limitless ones". Of the four, mettā or loving-kindness meditation is perhaps the best known. [ web 5 ] The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates "wholesome attitudes towards all sentient men ." [ web 6 ] [ web 7 ]


Kanye participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster? <SEP> While West had encountered controversy a year prior when he stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relief, and West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most "disgusting moments" of his presidency. West raised further controversy in January 2006 when he posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns.

Korinne participated alongside Mike Meyers in a relief benefit show for what natural disaster? <SEP> While West had encountered controversy a year prior when she stormed out of the American Music Awards of 2004 after losing Best New Artist, the rapper's first large-scale controversy came just days following Late Registration's release, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina victims. In September 2005, NBC broadcast A Concert for Hurricane Relief, and West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, she deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, she said, "George Bush does n't care about black people ." West's comment reached much of the United States, leading to mixed reactions; President Bush would later call it one of the most "disgusting moments" of his presidency. West raised further controversy in January 2006 when she posed on the cover of Rolling Stone wearing a crown of thorns.


If you see the movie, you will find all this hard to believe... The director who was hired, Jack Clayton, is a Brit... he had one thing all of them have in their blood: a murderous sense of class... Well, Clayton decided this: that Gatsby's parties were shabby and tacky, given by a man of no elevation and taste. There went the ball game. As shot, they were foul and stupid and the people who attended them were foul and silly, and Robert Redford and Mia Farrow, who would have been so perfect as Gatsby and Daisy, were left hung out to dry. Because Gatsby was a tasteless fool and why should we care about their love?

If you see the movie, you will find all this hard to believe … The director who was hired, Jack Clayton, is a Brit … he had one thing all of them have in their blood: a murderous sense of class … Well, Clayton decided this: that Gatsby's parties were shabby and tacky, given by a man of no elevation and taste. There went the ball game. As shot, they were foul and stupid and the people who attended them were foul and silly, and Robert Redford and Mia Farrow, who would have been so perfect as Gatsby and Danny, were left hung out to dry. Because Gatsby was a tasteless fool and why should we care about their love?


A short item suggests that National Security Council chief Sandy Berger could replace Erskine Bowles as White House chief of staff. <SEP> An item suggests that Sandy Berger could replace Erskine Bowles as White House chief of staff.

A short item suggests that National Security Council chief William Berger could replace Erskine Bowles as White House chief of staff. <SEP> An item suggests that William Berger could replace Erskine Bowles as White House chief of staff.


she just wanted us to believe that so we woulddo her dirty work .

He just wanted us to believe that so we would do his dirty work.


She is most recognized as the character Amber from the 1995 film Clueless, in which she starred opposite Alicia Silverstone. She would reprise the role for the 1996-99 TV series of the same name, with Rachel Blanchard taking over Silverstone's role. Early life Elisa was born Lisa Adaline Donovan in Poughkeepsie, New York, the daughter of Charlotte and Jack Donovan, who was a business executive. She later changed her first name to "Elisa" when she had to join the stage union, Actor's Equity, because there was already an actress in that union named Lisa Donovan. She grew up on Long Island where she was an accomplished gymnast, dancer and equestrian.

They are most recognized as the character Amber from the 1995 film Clueless, in which they starred opposite Alicia Silverstone. They would reprise the role for the 1996-99 TV series of the same name, with Rachel Blanchard taking over Silverstone's role. Early life Elisa was born Lisa Adaline Donovan in Poughkeepsie, New York, the child of Charlotte and Jack Donovan, who was a business executive. They later changed their first name to "Elisa" when they had to join the stage union, Actor's Equity, because there was already an actor in that union named Lisa Donovan. They grew up on Long Island where they were an accomplished gymnast, dancer and equestrian.


Who took over for Jim Jordon, when he was fired? <SEP> In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jim Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune). He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.

Who took over for Jennifer Jordon, when she was fired? <SEP> In sheer numbers, Kerry had fewer endorsements than Howard Dean, who was far ahead in the superdelegate race going into the Iowa caucuses in January 2004, although Kerry led the endorsement race in Iowa, New Hampshire, Arizona, South Carolina, New Mexico and Nevada. Kerry's main perceived weakness was in his neighboring state of New Hampshire and nearly all national polls. Most other states did not have updated polling numbers to give an accurate placing for the Kerry campaign before Iowa. Heading into the primaries, Kerry's campaign was largely seen as in trouble, particularly after he fired campaign manager Jennifer Jordan. The key factors enabling it to survive were when fellow Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy assigned Mary Beth Cahill to be the campaign manager, as well as Kerry's mortgaging his own home to lend the money to his campaign (while his wife was a billionaire, campaign finance rules prohibited using one's personal fortune) . He also brought on the "magical" Michael Whouley who would be credited with helping bring home the Iowa victory the same as he did in New Hampshire for Al Gore in 2000 against Bill Bradley.


Sultan Abdul Mecit (reigned 1839 1861), continuing the programme of reform begun by his father Mahmut II, decided that Topkape Palace was too old-fashioned for a Westernizing ruler such as himself. <SEP> Sultan Abdul Mecit thought the decor and old architecture suited him.

Sultan Abdul Mecit (reigned 1839-1861), continuing the programme of reform begun by his father Mahmut II, decided that Topkape Palace was too old-fashioned for a Westernizing ruler such as himself. <SEP> Sultan Abdul Mecit thought the decor and old architecture suited him.


Emperor Ashoka commanded his edict-pillars to be built within the monasteries and stupas, of which he had thousands constructed. <SEP> Emperor  Ashoka did not command any edict pillars to be built.

Emperor Ashoka commanded his edict-pillars to be built within the monasteries and stupas, of which she had thousands constructed. <SEP> Emperor Ashoka did not command any edict pillars to be built.


I just wanted to thank you for allowing Mark Alan Stamaty a forum for his hilarious--and often insightful--cartoon about a (slightly) warped world. <SEP> Thanks for letting Mark Alan Stamaty do his funny cartoon.

I just wanted to thank you for allowing Morgan Alan Stamaty a forum for their hilarious -- and often insightful -- cartoon about a (slightly) warped world. <SEP> Thanks for letting Morgan Alan Stamaty do their funny cartoon.


after a pause , donovan broke into a wild laugh that had the approaching group of men and women walk even faster toward them .

after a pause, Donovan broke into a wild laugh that had the approaching group of men and other men walk even faster toward them.


Who briefly replaced Russell as Prime Minister?  <SEP> Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Emperor Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.

Who briefly replaced Russell as Prime Minister? <SEP> Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without her knowledge, but Palmerston was retained in office and continued to act on his own initiative, despite her repeated remonstrances. It was only in 1851 that Palmerston was removed after he announced the British government's approval of President Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte's coup in France without consulting the Prime Minister. The following year, President Bonaparte was declared Empress Napoleon III, by which time Russell's administration had been replaced by a short-lived minority government led by Lord Derby.


The Martin D-28 is a dreadnought-style acoustic guitar made by C. F. Martin & Company of Nazareth, Pennsylvania. It is widely regarded amongst luthiers and guitarists alike as being the classic and even iconic American made acoustic guitar.

History
This guitar is a dreadnought design, a naval term adopted and used by many to describe its larger body dimensions, hence the "D" designation. When first created, the dreadnought guitar was seen as less favorable to the standard, smaller-sized guitars of its time. Sales finally started to take off in 1935, "when they were given a single illustration on page 12 in the company's catalog, opposite a Hawaiian model." The ad read:

"This is the famous 'Dreadnaught' bass guitar, originated by Martin in 1917 and now modernized for the plectrum style of playing. The extra wide and very deep body produces a tone of great power and smoothness, especially fine for broadcasting or recording. Rosewood body, spruce top, ivoroid edges, re-enforced mahogany neck, ebony fingerboard and bridge, wide frets, polished lacquer finish. Dark top on special order at no extra charge."

Introduced by Martin in 1931, the D-28 is prized for its booming projection and high quality tone. The first batch went wholly to the Chicago Musical Instrument Company, although this "exclusive" deal didn't last for long. Originally built around the Martin D-14 Fret platform, early examples included exotic tone woods, such as Brazilian Rosewood, which is no longer available in large quantities due to deforestation and subsequent treaty controls. Original D28 guitars also used standard materials no longer found in current production models. For example, they had a distinct "herringbone" pattern that lined the top of the guitar. However, this touch was discontinued in 1946, as the German-made materials were no longer available post-World War II. Also the "diamonds and squares" fretboard inlays were reduced to plain dot styling around this time.

D28s were so popular at one point during the 1950s, that customers were waiting two years or more for one.

Current models
Note - starting with the 2017 D-28's Martin has switched to forward shifted X-bracing.
The modern D-28 is made of several high quality tone woods, including a solid Sitka spruce or Adirondack red spruce top, Indian rosewood back and sides, and mahogany neck. It uses the classic non scalloped X bracing pattern prior to 2017 pioneered by Martin, along with an ebony bridge and fret board.
Much of the construction is still done by hand although in recent years Martin has adopted computer controlled CNC machines to fashion the guitar's neck, and employs automated buffing and polishing machines, while maintaining the overall quality of the finished product. As of 2013, a base model sells for around $2,400 U.S.  Older models made in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s can command far greater prices.

Variations
The D-28 has been made in several variations over the years, including:
 HD-28: Has scalloped braces, said to give the guitar a more "open" sound than a D-28. Also features the herringbone (or "pre-war") top border and a zigzag, or "zipper" backstrip.
 HD-28V: This variation resembles the original pre-war model and features both chrome butter-bean tuners and herringbone bindings around the aged-toned top. The X of its scalloped bracing pattern is shifted forward (toward the sound hole) by approximately one inch, making the lower bout top vibrate more freely/responsive, and resulting in a very potent and bass-rich guitar.
 D28E: A very limited run version of the D-28 with special pickups placed at the end of the fretboard and near the bridge. While not generally well received, it is considered a collectors item
 D12-28: A 12-string version, otherwise the same as its brother the D-28.

Notable users have included Johnny Cash, Eric Clapton, Chris Cornell, Nick Drake, Slim Dusty, Bob Dylan, John Frusciante, Noel Gallagher, Michael Hedges, Scott Hutchison,Ben Howard, Kansas, John Lennon, Chris Martin, John Martyn, Paul McCartney, Marcus Mumford, Harry Nilsson, Jimmy Page, Brad Paisley, Elvis Presley, John Prine, Tony Rice, Judee Sill, The Supernaturals, Van Morrison, Joni Mitchell, Sturgill Simpson, Stephen Stills, Clarence White, Hank Williams, Steve Winwood, Peter Yarrow and Neil Young.

Guitar specs
Model: D-28

Construction: Mahogany Blocks/Dovetail Neck Joint

Body Size: D-14 Fret

Top: Solid Sitka Spruce or Adirondack red spruce

Rosette: Style 28

Top Bracing Pattern: Standard X

Top Braces: Solid Sitka Spruce 5/16"

Back Material: Solid East Indian Rosewood

Back Purfling: Style 28

Side Material: Solid East Indian Rosewood

Endpiece: White Boltaron

Endpiece Inlay: Black/White Boltaron

Binding: White Boltaron

Top Inlay Style: Multiple Black/White Boltaron

Side Inlay: none

Back Inlay: Black/White Boltaron

Neck Material: Select Hardwood

Neck Shape: Low Profile

Nut Material: Bone

Headstock: Solid/Diamond/Square Taper

Headplate: Solid East Indian Rosewood /Raised Gold Foil

Heelcap: White Boltaron

Fingerboard Material: Solid Black Ebony

Scale Length: 25.4"

Number Of Frets Clear: 14

Number Of Frets Total: 20

Fingerboard Width At Nut: 1-11/16"

Fingerboard Width At 12th Fret: 2-1/8"

Fingerboard Position Inlays: Style 28

Fingerboard Binding: none

Finish Back & Sides: Polished Gloss

Finish Top: Polished Gloss

Finish Neck: Satin

Bridge Material: Solid Black Ebony

Bridge Style: Belly

Bridge String Spacing: 2-1/8"

Saddle: 16" Radius/Compensated/Bone

Tuning Machines: Chrome Enclosed w/ Large Buttons

Recommended Strings: Martin SP Lifespan Phosphor Bronze Medium Gauge (MSP7200)

Bridge & End Pins: White w/ Black Dots

Pickguard: Black

References

Category:Acoustic guitars
Category:The Beatles' musical instruments
Category:Products introduced in 1930

The Martin D-28 is a dreadnought-style acoustic guitar made by C. F. Martin & Company of Nazareth, Pennsylvania. It is widely regarded amongst luthiers and guitarists alike as being the classic and even iconic American made acoustic guitar.

History
This guitar is a dreadnought design, a naval term adopted and used by many to describe its larger body dimensions, hence the "D" designation. When first created, the dreadnought guitar was seen as less favorable to the standard, smaller-sized guitars of its time. Sales finally started to take off in 1935, "when they were given a single illustration on page 12 in the company's catalog, opposite a Hawaiian model ." The ad read:

"This is the famous'Dreadnaught' bass guitar, originated by Martin in 1917 and now modernized for the plectrum style of playing. The extra wide and very deep body produces a tone of great power and smoothness, especially fine for broadcasting or recording. Rosewood body, spruce top, ivoroid edges, re-enforced mahogany neck, ebony fingerboard and bridge, wide frets, polished lacquer finish. Dark top on special order at no extra charge ."

Introduced by Martin in 1931, the D-28 is prized for its booming projection and high quality tone. The first batch went wholly to the Chicago Musical Instrument Company, although this "exclusive" deal did n't last for long. Originally built around the Martin D-14 Fret platform, early examples included exotic tone woods, such as Brazilian Rosewood, which is no longer available in large quantities due to deforestation and subsequent treaty controls. Original D28 guitars also used standard materials no longer found in current production models. For example, they had a distinct "herringbone" pattern that lined the top of the guitar. However, this touch was discontinued in 1946, as the German-made materials were no longer available post-World War II. Also the "diamonds and squares" fretboard inlays were reduced to plain dot styling around this time.

D28s were so popular at one point during the 1950s, that customers were waiting two years or more for one.

Current models
Note-starting with the 2017 D-28's Martin has switched to forward shifted X-bracing.
The modern D-28 is made of several high quality tone woods, including a solid Sitka spruce or Adirondack red spruce top, Indian rosewood back and sides, and mahogany neck. It uses the classic non scalloped X bracing pattern prior to 2017 pioneered by Martin, along with an ebony bridge and fret board.
Much of the construction is still done by hand although in recent years Martin has adopted computer controlled CNC machines to fashion the guitar's neck, and employs automated buffing and polishing machines, while maintaining the overall quality of the finished product. As of 2013, a base model sells for around $2,400 U.S. Older models made in the 1940s, 1950s and early 1960s can command far greater prices.

Variations
The D-28 has been made in several variations over the years, including:
HD-28: Has scalloped braces, said to give the guitar a more "open" sound than a D-28. Also features the herringbone (or "pre-war") top border and a zigzag, or "zipper" backstrip.
HD-28V: This variation resembles the original pre-war model and features both chrome butter-bean tuners and herringbone bindings around the aged-toned top. The X of its scalloped bracing pattern is shifted forward (toward the sound hole) by approximately one inch, making the lower bout top vibrate more freely/responsive, and resulting in a very potent and bass-rich guitar.
D28E: A very limited run version of the D-28 with special pickups placed at the end of the fretboard and near the bridge. While not generally well received, it is considered a collectors item
D12-28: A 12-string version, otherwise the same as its brother the D-28.

Notable users have included Johnny Cash, Eric Clapton, Chris Cornell, Nick Drake, Slim Dusty, Bob Dylan, John Frusciante, Noel Gallagher, Michael Hedges, Scott Hutchison, Ben Howard, Kansas, John Lennon, Chris Martin, John Martyn, Paul McCartney, Marcus Mumford, Harry Nilsson, Jimmy Page, Brad Paisley, Elvis Presley, John Prine, Tony Rice, Judee Sill, The Supernaturals, Van Morrison, Joni Mitchell, Sturgill Simpson, Stephen Stills, Clarence White, Hank Williams, Steve Winwood, Peter Yarrow and Neil Young.

Guitar specs
Model: D-28

Construction: Mahogany Blocks/Dovetail Neck Joint

Body Size: D-14 Fret

Top: Solid Sitka Spruce or Adirondack red spruce

Rosette: Style 28

Top Bracing Pattern: Standard X

Top Braces: Solid Sitka Spruce 5/16 "Back Material: Solid East Indian Rosewood

Back Purfling: Style 28

Side Material: Solid East Indian Rosewood

Endpiece: White Boltaron

Endpiece Inlay: Black/White Boltaron

Binding: White Boltaron

Top Inlay Style: Multiple Black/White Boltaron

Side Inlay: none

Back Inlay: Black/White Boltaron

Neck Material: Select Hardwood

Neck Shape: Low Profile

Nut Material: Bone

Headstock: Solid/Diamond/Square Taper

Headplate: Solid East Indian Rosewood /Raised Gold Foil

Heelcap: White Boltaron

Fingerboard Material: Solid Black Ebony

Scale Length: 25.4"

Number Of Frets Clear: 14

Number Of Frets Total: 20

Fingerboard Width At Nut: 1-11/16 "Fingerboard Width At 12th Fret: 2-1/8"

Fingerboard Position Inlays: Style 28

Fingerboard Binding: none

Finish Back & Sides: Polished Gloss

Finish Top: Polished Gloss

Finish Neck: Satin

Bridge Material: Solid Black Ebony

Bridge Style: Belly

Bridge String Spacing: 2-1/8 "Saddle: 16" Radius/Compensated/Bone

Tuning Machines: Chrome Enclosed w/ Large Buttons

Recommended Strings: Martin SP Lifespan Phosphor Bronze Medium Gauge (MSP7200)

Bridge & End Pins: White w/ Black Dots

Pickguard: Black

References

Category: Acoustic guitars
Category: The Beatles' musical instruments
Category: Products introduced in 1930


Mikhail Osipovich Tsetlin (, July 10, 1882, Moscow, Russian Empire, — November 10, 1945, New York City, United States) was a Russian poet, dramatist, novelist, memoirist, revolutionary and translator better known under his pen name Amari (Амари). In the late 1918, facing persecution by the Bolsheviks (as a former SR Party activist), Tsetlin left the Soviet Russia for France. In 1923, he founded Okno literary magazine, which published three issues and was later re-established by Tsetlin's distant relative, the poet Anatoly Kudryavitsky as a web-only journal after a lapse of some 83 years. In Paris, Tsetlin's home was open to Russian émigré artists, for whom he often provided. He earned respect as a philanthropist and a literary entrepreneur. In 1940 Tsetlin moved to the USA where he, together with Mark Aldanov, founded Novy Zhurnal (Новый Журнал) magazine in 1942.

Mikhail Tsetlin (writing under the pseudonym Amari) is the author of five poetry collections (the debut one, published in 1906, was banned in 1912 for having "a revolutionary content"), biographical prose (The Decemberists, 1933; The Five and the Others, 1944; memoirs on Maximilian Voloshin) and numerous translations, e.g. of poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley, Emile Verhaeren, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Hölderlin, Rainer Maria Rilke, Paul Valéry, Hayim Nahman Bialik, etc.

References

External links
 Poems (Russian)
 More poems (Russian)
 His Russian translations of foreign poets

Category:Russian male poets
Category:Russian memoirists
Category:1882 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category:Writers from Moscow
Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to the United States
Category:Imperial Russian emigrants to France
Category:Russian publishers (people)
Category:Russian editors
Category:Russian revolutionaries
Category:Pseudonymous writers
Category:Russian dramatists and playwrights
Category:Russian male dramatists and playwrights
Category:Russian translators
Category:Russian philanthropists
Category:20th-century poets
Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Category:20th-century translators
Category:Male poets
Category:20th-century Russian male writers
Category:20th-century philanthropists

Jomo Kenyatta (, July 10, 1882, Nairobi, Kenya, — November 10, 1945, New York City, United States) was a Kenyan poet, dramatist, novelist, memoirist, revolutionary and translator better known under his pen name Amari. In the late 1918, facing persecution by the Conservatives (as a former Kenyan Liberal Party activist), Kenyatta left Kenya for France. In 1923, he founded Okapi literary magazine, which published three issues and was later re-established by Kenyatta's distant relative, the poet Wangaru Maathai as a web-only journal after a lapse of some 83 years. In Paris, Kenyatta's home was open to Kenyan émigré artists, for whom he often provided. He earned respect as a philanthropist and a literary entrepreneur. In 1940 Kenyatta moved to the USA where he, together with Kipchoge Keino, founded Saharan Journal magazine in 1942.

Jomo Kenyatta (writing under the pseudonym Amari) is the author of five poetry collections (the debut one, published in 1906, was banned in 1912 for having "a revolutionary content"), biographical prose (The Decemberists, 1933; The Five and the Others, 1944; memoirs on Nabiba Temu) and numerous translations, e.g. of poems by Percy Bysshe Shelley, Emile Verhaeren, Heinrich Heine, Friedrich Hölderlin, Rainer Maria Rilke, Paul Valéry, Hayim Nahman Bialik, etc.

References

External links
Poems (Kenyan)
More poems (Kenyan)
His Kenyan translations of foreign poets

Category: Kenyan male poets
Category: Kenyan memoirists
Category:1882 births
Category:1945 deaths
Category: Writers from Nairobi
Category: Kenyan emigrants to the United States
Category: Kenyan emigrants to France
Category: Kenyan publishers (people)
Category: Kenyan editors
Category: Kenyan revolutionaries
Category: Pseudonymous writers
Category: Kenyan dramatists and playwrights
Category: Kenyan male dramatists and playwrights
Category: Kenyan translators
Category: Kenyan philanthropists
Category:20th-century poets
Category:20th-century dramatists and playwrights
Category:20th-century translators
Category: Male poets
Category:20th-century Kenyan male writers
Category:20th-century philanthropists


The group collaborated with the Chilingirian Quartet on their 2003 album Darkness Into Light and The Mountain Goats on their 2012 album Transcendental Youth as well as with Christopher Tin in 2009 on his album Calling All Dawns, and in 2014 on The Drop That Contained the Sea. The CD 1865, which features songs from the Civil War with Bruce Molsky on guitar, fiddle, banjo, and vocals was their final recording. The ensemble disbanded at the end of the 2015–2016 season. Lineup
The original lineup included Johanna Maria Rose, Marsha Genensky, Susan Hellauer, and Ruth Cunningham. In 1998, Cunningham left and was replaced by Jacqueline Horner-Kwiatek.

The group collaborated with the Chilingirian Quartet on their 2003 album Darkness Into Light and The Mountain Goats on their 2012 album Transcendental Youth as well as with Christopher Tin in 2009 on his album Calling All Dawns, and in 2014 on The Drop That Contained the Sea. The CD 1865, which features songs from the Civil War with Bruce Molsky on guitar, fiddle, banjo, and vocals was their final recording. The ensemble disbanded at the end of the 2015–2016 season. Lineup: The original lineup included Johanna Maria Rose, Marsha Genensky, S Hellauer, and Ruth Cunningham. In 1998, Cunningham left and was replaced by Jacqueline Horner-Kwiatek.


The lineup was rounded out by bassist Geoffrey Chisholm and drummer Patrick Mangan (who was later replaced by David Kostiner). The quartet released its self-titled five-song debut EP in 1997 on Oakland rap label Dogday. Four of those songs were re-worked for the band's 1998 full-length debut, I Become Small and Go, released on the Dust Brothers vanity label, Nickelbag, and featured the production of Dust Brother John King on a few tracks. The band was named Spin Magazine's Best New Artist in 1998. Their success led them to the DreamWorks label for their follow-up, 2001's Take Back the Universe and Give Me Yesterday.


What did Burke call 'a smuggling adventure'? <SEP> The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "...an ideological bacillus that would prove fatal. This was Edmund Burke's paternalistic doctrine that colonial government was a trust. It was to be so exercised for the benefit of subject people that they would eventually attain their birthright—freedom". As a consequence of this opinion, Burke objected to the opium trade, which he called a "smuggling adventure" and condemned "the great Disgrace of the British character in India".

What did Edna Burke call' a smuggling adventure' ? <SEP> The historian Piers Brendon asserts that Burke laid the moral foundations for the British Empire, epitomised in the trial of Warren Hastings, that was ultimately to be its undoing: when Burke stated that "The British Empire must be governed on a plan of freedom, for it will be governed by no other", this was "... an ideological bacillus that would prove fatal. This was Edna Burke's paternalistic doctrine that colonial government was a trust. It was to be so exercised for the benefit of subject people that they would eventually attain their birthright—freedom". As a consequence of this opinion, Burke objected to the opium trade, which she called a "smuggling adventure" and condemned "the great Disgrace of the British character in India".


Yes , I suppose it 's lovely that Cal works out his issues with his dad and comes to terms with his picture-perfect life -- but World Traveler gave me no reason to care , so I did n't .

Yes, I suppose it's lovely that Cal works out his issues with his dad and comes to terms with his picture-perfect life -- but World Traveler gave me no reason to care, so I didn't.


was a Japanese dermatologist born in Iwaki, Fukushima. At 12, he went to Tokyo and studied philosophy until 1877. He entered the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1874, where he studied German. He completed his medical training at Tokyo University in 1884 and in 1888 he went to Berlin on an exchange. Although he left due to illness, in Germany he studied under many prominent dermatologists, including: Georg Richard Lewin, Gustav Behrend, and Oskar Lassar at the University of Berlin; Mortiz Kaposi and Isidor Neumann at the University of Vienna in Austria. He also studied hygiene and pathology under Robert Koch, who became head of the University of Berlin in 1885.

When he returned to Japan, Murata was appointed the first professor of Dermatology and Syphilology at Tokyo University. Almost coincident was the Japanese government's appointment of Julius Scriba to the Tokyo University department of surgery and dermatology.  Dohi Keizō (土肥 慶蔵, see: Keizo Dohi), who founded the Japanese Dermatological Society in 1900 and the Japanese Journal of Dermatology and Urology in 1901, was an assistant of Scriba.

Murata was the first Japanese person with a medical degree to die.

Selected writings
 皮膚病梅毒論 (A Treatise on Dermatology and Syphilology) (1889)
A translation of the work of Edmund Lesser into Japanese, completed with Ise Jōgorō 伊勢錠五郎

References

Category:Japanese dermatologists
Category:People from Fukushima Prefecture
Category:1863 births
Category:1892 deaths

was a British dermatologist born in Iwaki, Fukushima. At 12, he went to Tokyo and studied philosophy until 1877. He entered the Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1874, where he studied German. He completed his medical training at Tokyo University in 1884 and in 1888 he went to Berlin on an exchange. Although he left due to illness, in Germany he studied under many prominent dermatologists, including: Georg Richard Lewin, Gustav Behrend, and Oskar Lassar at the University of Berlin; Mortiz Kaposi and Isidor Neumann at the University of Vienna in Austria. He also studied hygiene and pathology under Robert Koch, who became head of the University of Berlin in 1885.

When he returned to Japan, Murata was appointed the first professor of Dermatology and Syphilology at Tokyo University. Almost coincident was the Japanese government's appointment of Julius Scriba to the Tokyo University department of surgery and dermatology. Dohi Keizō (土肥 慶蔵, see: Keizo Dohi), who founded the Japanese Dermatological Society in 1900 and the Japanese Journal of Dermatology and Urology in 1901, was an assistant of Scriba.

Murata was the first British person with a medical degree to die.

Selected writings
皮膚病梅毒論 (A Treatise on Dermatology and Syphilology) (1889)
A translation of the work of Edmund Lesser into Japanese, completed with Ise Jōgorō 伊勢錠五郎

References

Category: British dermatologists
Category: People from Fukushima Prefecture
Category: 1863 births
Category: 1892 deaths


The Nathaniel Pearce House is an historic house at 305 Brook Street in Providence, Rhode Island. This Early Republican house is an "archetype of domestic design of its period". It was built in 1801 at 41 George Street on Brown's Main Green facing University Hall, where it enjoyed a view of Narragansett Bay. Nathaniel Pearce, a ship-master and ship-owner, purchased it circa 1780, doubled its size with a central hallway and new ornamental entrance and re-oriented to George Street in 1800. By 1888 it was owned by the Goddard family, who sold the George Street land to Brown University. Conditions of the sale required the house be either demolished or moved. John J. DeWolf bought the house and moved it to Brook Street in that year. In 1915, his nephew Halsey DeWolf, MD inherited the house and commissioned an expansion and colonial revival enhancements by his wife's cousin, architect Wallis E. Howe of Clarke & Howe. Landscape architects Searle & Searle refurbished the rear garden in the mid 1990s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.

The Nathaniel Pearce House is an historic house at 305 Brook Street in Providence, Rhode Island. This Early Republican house is an "archetype of domestic design of its period". It was built in 1801 at 41 George Street on Brown's Main Green facing University Hall, where it enjoyed a view of Narragansett Bay. Nathaniel Pearce, a ship-master and ship-owner, purchased it circa 1780, doubled its size with a central hallway and new ornamental entrance and re-oriented to George Street in 1800. By 1888 it was owned by the Goddard family, who sold the George Street land to Brown University. Conditions of the sale required the house be either demolished or moved. John J. DeWolf bought the house and moved it to Brook Street in that year. In 1915, his nephew Halsey DeWolf, MD inherited the house and commissioned an expansion and colonial revival enhancements by his wife's relative, architect Alexis E. Howe of Clarke & Howe. Landscape architects Searle & Searle refurbished the rear garden in the mid 1990s. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.


Tommy's Honour is a 2016 historical drama film depicting the lives and careers of, and the complex relationship between, the pioneering Scottish golfing champions Old Tom Morris and his son Young Tom Morris. The film is directed by Jason Connery, and the father and son are portrayed by Peter Mullan and Jack Lowden. The film won Best Feature Film at the 2016 British Academy Scotland Awards. <SEP> Jason Connery has never been to London.

Tommy's Honour is a 2016 historical drama film depicting the lives and careers of, and the complex relationship between, the pioneering Scottish golfing champions Old Tom Morris and his son Young Tom Morris. The film is directed by Jason Carly, and the father and son are portrayed by Peter Mullan and Jack Lowden. The film won Best Feature Film at the 2016 British Academy Scotland Awards. <SEP> Jason Carly has never been to London.


Who directed 'Batman'? <SEP> After two forays into more serious dramatic films, Spielberg then directed the third Indiana Jones film, 1989's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Once again teaming up with Lucas and Ford, Spielberg also cast actor Sean Connery in a supporting role as Indy's father. The film earned generally positive reviews and was another box office success, becoming the highest grossing film worldwide that year; its total box office receipts even topped those of Tim Burton's much-anticipated film Batman, which had been the bigger hit domestically. Also in 1989, he re-united with actor Richard Dreyfuss for the romantic comedy-drama Always, about a daredevil pilot who extinguishes forest fires. Spielberg's first romantic film, Always was only a moderate success and had mixed reviews.

Who directed'Batman'? <SEP> After two forays into more serious dramatic films, Spielberg then directed the third Indiana Jones film, 1989's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade. Once again teaming up with Lucas and Ford, Spielberg also cast actor Sean Connery in a supporting role as Indy's father. The film earned generally positive reviews and was another box office success, becoming the highest grossing film worldwide that year; its total box office receipts even topped those of Tim Burton's much-anticipated film Batman, which had been the bigger hit domestically. Also in 1989, he re-united with senior actor Richard Dreyfuss for the romantic comedy-drama'Always', about a daredevil pilot who extinguishes forest fires. Spielberg's first romantic film,'Always', was only a moderate success and had mixed reviews.


Where was Henry III crowned? <SEP> Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony.[citation needed]

Where was Henry III crowned? <SEP> Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, coronations of English and British monarchs were held in the abbey. In 1216, Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne, because the French prince Louis had taken control of the city, and so the king was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral. This coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the abbey on 17 May 1220. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony. [ citation needed ]


William Beck is a Welsh-born actor, best known for his appearances on television in the United Kingdom as Royston White on BBC One drama series "Robin Hood", and Dylan Keogh on BBC One drama series "Casualty". He has also appeared in popular feature films such as "Snatch", directed by Guy Ritchie. <SEP> Casualty was directed by Ritchie as well as Snatch.


For the future , one hopes Mr. Plympton will find room for one more member of his little band , a professional screenwriter .

For the future, one hopes Mr. Plympton will find room for one more member of them little band, a professional screenwriter.


Sancho Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only son of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; his mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, he eventually co-ruled from Toledo. He predeceased his father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. His death, on his first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of his elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancho is unknown. Though illegitimate, his birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancho as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancho, son of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancho, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancho, which would have marked him as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante'''s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancho had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancho was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age he was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. He signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo ("the infante Sancho, whose father made him confirm [the charter]"). He thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancho confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June he confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October he was still with the court at Oviedo, where he confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 he confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of his half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancho and Raymond. Sancho does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when he confirmed his father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. He then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. He may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina ("king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [reigning] in Medinaceli"). On 14 April he joined in a grant of his father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho ("with my [Alfonso's] wife and our son Sancho").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancho his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancho, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum ("made king-elect by his father"). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. ("Sancho, son of the king confirming") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancho, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancho his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancho nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancho's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancho had been put in charge of Toledo by his father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. He probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which he brought with him is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel). The infante Sancho, with his father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancho and his bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. He fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against him and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992. "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial." Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007. "De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida." Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas''. 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category:People of the Reconquista
Category:Leonese infantes
Category:Castilian infantes
Category:Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs

Sancha Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; her mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, she eventually co-ruled from Toledo. She predeceased her father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. Her death, on her first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of her elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancha is unknown. Though illegitimate, her birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancha as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancha, daughter of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancha, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancha, which would have marked her as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante "'s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancha had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancha was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age she was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. She signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo (" the infante Sancha, whose father made him confirm [ the charter ] "). She thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancha confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June she confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October she was still with the court at Oviedo, where she confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 she confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of her half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancha and Raymond. Sancha does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when she confirmed her father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. She then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. She may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina (" king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [ reigning ] in Medinaceli "). On 14 April she joined in a grant of her father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho (" with my [ Alfonso's ] wife and our son Sancha ").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancha his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancha, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum (" made king-elect by his father "). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. (" Sancha, daughter of the king confirming ") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancha, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancha his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancha nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancha's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancha had been put in charge of Toledo by her father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. She probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which she brought with her is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel) . The infante Sancha, with her father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancha and her bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. She fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against her and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992 ." Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial. "Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007 ." De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida. "Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas". 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category: People of the Reconquista
Category: Leonese infantes
Category: Castilian infantes
Category: Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs


Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler? <SEP> A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be imperialist and lambasting it as "the embodiment of evil." Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett. From the late 1990s onward, his view seemed to become more moderate. In 2007, he advocated the Isratin single-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that "the [Israel-Palestine] solution is to establish a democratic state for the Jews and the Palestinians... This is the fundamental solution, or else the Jews will be annihilated in the future, because the Palestinians have [strategic] depth." Two years later he argued that a single-state solution would "move beyond old conflicts and look to a unified future based on shared culture and respect."

Who compared Gaddafi to Hitler? <SEP> A fundamental part of Gaddafi's ideology was anti-Zionism. He believed that the state of Israel should not exist, and that any Arab compromise with the Israeli government was a betrayal of the Arab people. In large part due to their support of Israel, Gaddafi despised the United States, considering the country to be imperialist and lambasting it as "the embodiment of evil ." Rallying against Jews in many of his speeches, his anti-Semitism has been described as "almost Hitlerian" by Blundy and Lycett. From the late 1990s onward, his view seemed to become more moderate. In 2007, he advocated the Isratin single-state solution to the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, stating that "the [ Israel-Palestine ] solution is to establish a democratic state for the Jews and the Palestinians ... This is the fundamental solution, or else the Jews will be annihilated in the future, because the Palestinians have [ strategic ] depth ." Two years later he argued that a single-state solution would "move beyond old conflicts and look to a unified future based on shared culture and respect ."


he stopped and pulled the mangled slices out of his pocket .

They stopped and pulled the mangled slices out of their pocket.


Staff
The national director of AFES is Richard Chin. He was preceded by Kerry Nagel. Staff are employed through AFES for the particular university campuses. Each staff member must raise his or her own financial support, which is sent to AFES by supporters and paid out to staff as a salary. (Many supporters of AFES staff are former AFES students who are now in paid employment.) Staff usually are Long Term Pastors (LTPs) and Trainees, who usually work for a two-year "traineeship". After completing the traineeship, they may move to theological education and a more senior position. Publications
AFES publishes a biannual magazine called Salt. Criticism
Melbourne based journalist Muriel Porter has argued that AFES is an "outreach of Sydney Diocese in all but name" and "a Trojan horse for Sydney Anglican teaching around the country" though she admits that she is "obviously not able to report on Sydney objectively and even-handedly." Porter suggests that AFES is also spreading "Sydney-style opposition to women in church leadership" in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne and the Churches of Christ.

Staff
 The national director of AFES is Richard Chin. He was preceded by Kerry Nagel. Staff are employed through AFES for the particular university campuses. Each staff member must raise his or her own financial support, which is sent to AFES by supporters and paid out to staff as a salary. (Many supporters of AFES staff are former AFES senior citizens who are now in paid employment. ) Staff usually are Long Term Pastors (LTPs) and Trainees, who usually work for a two-year "traineeship". After completing the traineeship, they may move to theological education and a more senior position. Publications
 AFES publishes a biannual magazine called Salt. Criticism
 Melbourne based journalist Muriel Porter has argued that AFES is an "outreach of Sydney Diocese in all but name" and "a Trojan horse for Sydney Anglican teaching around the country" though she admits that she is "obviously not able to report on Sydney objectively and even-handedly ." Porter suggests that AFES is also spreading "Sydney-style opposition to women in church leadership" in the Anglican Diocese of Melbourne and the Churches of Christ.