Will Mercer Cook (March 30, 1903 – October 4, 1987), popularly known as Mercer Cook, was an African-American diplomat and professor. He was the first American ambassador to the Gambia after it became independent, appointed in 1965 while also still serving as ambassador to Senegal. He was also the second American ambassador to Niger.

Biography

Will Mercer Cook was born on March 30, 1903, in Washington D.C., to Will Marion Cook, a famous composer of musical theatre, and Abbie Mitchell Cook, a soprano singer. She became best known for playing the role of "Clara" in the premier production of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1935). Cook's sister, and only sibling, was born Marion Abigail Cook in 1900. As a child, Cook traveled extensively in the United States and Europe with his parents as they pursued their respective careers in the entertainment industry. They placed their daughter to be raised by family because of their performance schedules. In Washington, DC, the Cook family lived across the street from the legendary jazz musician Duke Ellington.

Cook attended Dunbar High School in Washington D.C., a predominantly black academic school. He graduated from Amherst College with a bachelor's degree in 1925 and went to Paris for further study. He received his teacher's diploma from the University of Paris in 1926.

After his return, in 1929, Cook married Vashti Smith, a social worker. The couple had two sons, named Mercer and Jacques.

Cook earned a master's degree in French from Brown University in 1931 and a doctorate in 1936. He returned to Paris in 1934, on a fellowship from the General Education Board.

While completing his graduate education, Cook worked as an assistant professor of romance languages at Howard University from 1927 until 1936. Upon completing his doctorate, Cook became a professor of French at Atlanta University, serving from 1936 until 1943. During that time, he received a Rosenwald Fellowship to study in Paris and the French West Indies. In 1942, he received another General Education Board Fellowship to the University of Havana. From 1943 to 1945, Cook worked as a professor of English at the University of Haiti. During this time, he wrote the Handbook for Haitian Teachers of English. He also wrote the literary criticism titled Five French Negro Authors and edited an anthology of Haitian readings.

After two years in Haiti, Cook returned to Washington, D.C., to work as a professor of romance languages at Howard University, where he stayed until 1960. During this time, Cook continued to write about Haiti, and he also translated works of African and West Indian writers from French to English. Most notably, in 1959, Cook translated the works of Leopold Senghor, who was a former president of Senegal and an established French author.

Ambassadorship

Cook became active in international relations in the late 1950s. From 1958 to 1960, he served as a foreign representative for the American Society of African Culture. The following year, he worked as the director of the African program for the Congress of Cultural Freedom. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Cook as the U.S. ambassador to Niger. Niger was a French colony that had achieved independence in 1960. Cook's duties as ambassador included overseeing U.S. economic aid programs in the country, administering the Peace Corps, and supervising U.S. information and cultural activities in the country. His wife was also involved in many social programs, including a project to distribute medical supplies across the country and participation in women's groups.

In 1963, Cook was also designated as an alternate delegate to the General Assembly of the United Nations. He served as the United States Ambassador to Niger until 1964.

In 1966, Cook returned to Howard University to become head of the department of romance languages. He worked as a visiting professor at Harvard University in 1969.

In 1969, Cook published The Militant Black Writer in Africa and the United States, co-authored with Stephen Henderson of Morehouse College. The book consisted of expanded versions of speeches delivered by the two men at a 1968 conference in Madison, Wisconsin, called "'Anger and Beyond:' The Black Writer and a World in Revolution." In his essay, Cook described a half-century tradition of protest among African poets and novelists. Cook concluded his essay by stating: "In the main, statements by the Africans seem to me less extreme and violent than many by West Indian and North American blacks."

Cook retired from academia in 1970. He continued to write and publish professionally in the 1970s. Cook died of pneumonia in Washington, D.C., on October 4, 1987.

Awards

John W. Simpson Fellowship, 1925–26
General Education Board Fellowship, 1934, 1942
Rosenwald Fellowship, 1938
Received decorations from the Government of Haiti, 1945, the Republic of Niger, 1964, and Senegal, 1966
Palmes Academiques, France; LL.D., Amherst College, 1965; LL.D., Brown University, 1970.

Memberships
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
American Association of Teachers of French
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Phi Beta Kappa
Omega Psi Phi

References

Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Senegal
Category:Ambassadors of the United States to the Gambia
Category:Ambassadors of the United States to Niger
Category:1903 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category:Academics from Washington, D.C.
Category:African-American diplomats
Category:Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Category:Amherst College alumni
Category:Brown University alumni
Category:Howard University faculty

Will Mercer Cook (March 30, 1903 – October 4, 1987), popularly known as Mercer Cook, was an African-American diplomat and professor. He was the first American ambassador to the Gambia after it became independent, appointed in 1965 while also still serving as ambassador to Senegal. He was also the second American ambassador to Niger.

Biography

Will Mercer Cook was born on March 30, 1903, in Washington D.C., to Will Marion Cook, a famous composer of musical theatre, and Abbie Mitchell Cook, a soprano singer. She became best known for playing the role of "Clara" in the premier production of George Gershwin's Porgy and Bess (1935) . Cook's sister, and only sibling, was born Marion Abigail Cook in 1900. As a child, Cook traveled extensively in the United States and Europe with his parents as they pursued their respective careers in the entertainment industry. They placed their daughter to be raised by family because of their performance schedules. In Washington, DC, the Cook family lived across the street from the legendary jazz musician Duke Ellington.

Cook attended Dunbar High School in Washington D.C., a predominantly black academic school. He graduated from Amherst College with a bachelor's degree in 1925 and went to Paris for further study. He received his teacher's diploma from the University of Paris in 1926.

After his return, in 1929, Cook married Vashti Smith, a social worker. The couple had two children, named Mercer and Jackie.

Cook earned a master's degree in French from Brown University in 1931 and a doctorate in 1936. He returned to Paris in 1934, on a fellowship from the General Education Board.

While completing his graduate education, Cook worked as an assistant professor of romance languages at Howard University from 1927 until 1936. Upon completing his doctorate, Cook became a professor of French at Atlanta University, serving from 1936 until 1943. During that time, he received a Rosenwald Fellowship to study in Paris and the French West Indies. In 1942, he received another General Education Board Fellowship to the University of Havana. From 1943 to 1945, Cook worked as a professor of English at the University of Haiti. During this time, he wrote the Handbook for Haitian Teachers of English. He also wrote the literary criticism titled Five French Negro Authors and edited an anthology of Haitian readings.

After two years in Haiti, Cook returned to Washington, D.C., to work as a professor of romance languages at Howard University, where he stayed until 1960. During this time, Cook continued to write about Haiti, and he also translated works of African and West Indian writers from French to English. Most notably, in 1959, Cook translated the works of Leopold Senghor, who was a former president of Senegal and an established French author.

Ambassadorship

Cook became active in international relations in the late 1950s. From 1958 to 1960, he served as a foreign representative for the American Society of African Culture. The following year, he worked as the director of the African program for the Congress of Cultural Freedom. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Cook as the U.S. ambassador to Niger. Niger was a French colony that had achieved independence in 1960. Cook's duties as ambassador included overseeing U.S. economic aid programs in the country, administering the Peace Corps, and supervising U.S. information and cultural activities in the country. His wife was also involved in many social programs, including a project to distribute medical supplies across the country and participation in women's groups.

In 1963, Cook was also designated as an alternate delegate to the General Assembly of the United Nations. He served as the United States Ambassador to Niger until 1964.

In 1966, Cook returned to Howard University to become head of the department of romance languages. He worked as a visiting professor at Harvard University in 1969.

In 1969, Cook published The Militant Black Writer in Africa and the United States, co-authored with Stephen Henderson of Morehouse College. The book consisted of expanded versions of speeches delivered by the two men at a 1968 conference in Madison, Wisconsin, called "'Anger and Beyond:' The Black Writer and a World in Revolution ." In his essay, Cook described a half-century tradition of protest among African poets and novelists. Cook concluded his essay by stating: "In the main, statements by the Africans seem to me less extreme and violent than many by West Indian and North American blacks ."

Cook retired from academia in 1970. He continued to write and publish professionally in the 1970s. Cook died of pneumonia in Washington, D.C., on October 4, 1987.

Awards

John W. Simpson Fellowship, 1925–26
General Education Board Fellowship, 1934, 1942
Rosenwald Fellowship, 1938
Received decorations from the Government of Haiti, 1945, the Republic of Niger, 1964, and Senegal, 1966
Palmes Academiques, France; LL.D., Amherst College, 1965; LL.D., Brown University, 1970.

Memberships
Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers
American Association of Teachers of French
Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Phi Beta Kappa
Omega Psi Phi

References

Category: Ambassadors of the United States to Senegal
Category: Ambassadors of the United States to the Gambia
Category: Ambassadors of the United States to Niger
Category:1903 births
Category:1987 deaths
Category: Academics from Washington, D.C.
Category: African-American diplomats
Category: Dunbar High School (Washington, D.C.) alumni
Category: Amherst College alumni
Category: Brown University alumni
Category: Howard University faculty


Frederick II of Hohenstaufen's court in Palermo <SEP> Palermo was where Frederick II of Hohenstaufen had his court.

Freya II of Hohenstaufen's court in Palermo Palermo was where Freya II of Hohenstaufen had her court. <SEP> Freya II of Hohenstaufen's court in Palermo Palermo was where Freya II of Hohenstaufen had her court.


The following day her work appeared at the Sydney Film Festival. Filmography
1982: First Contact
1989: Joe Leahy's Neighbours
1992: Black Harvest
1996: Rats in the Ranks
2001: Facing the Music

Notes

References
John Phillips: Robin Anderson, 51, Creator Of Documentaries on Australia. The New York Times, 23 March 2002
Robin Hughes: Robin Anderson – A Tribute. Sense of Cinema, May 2002
Ian Aitken: Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film. Routledge, 2013, , pp. 60-61
Richard Philipps: Leading Australian documentary filmmaker dies at wsws.org on 18 March 2002
 Brian McFarlane (ed. ), Geoff Mayer (ed. ), Ina Bertrand (ed. ): The Oxford Companion to Australian Film. Oxford University Press, 1999, , p. 13

External links

http://www.der.org/films/filmmakers/robin-anderson.html

Category:Australian film directors
Category:Australian women film directors
Category:1950 births
Category:2002 deaths

The following day her work appeared at the Sydney Film Festival. Filmography
1982: First Contact
1989: Joe Leahy's Neighbors
1992: Black Harvest
1996: Rats in the Ranks
2001: Facing the Music

Notes

References
John Phillips: Robin Anderson, 51, Creator Of Documentaries on Australia. The New York Times, 23 March 2002
Robin Hughes: Robin Anderson–A Tribute. Sense of Cinema, May 2002
Ian Aitken: Encyclopedia of the Documentary Film. Routledge, 2013,, pp. 60-61
Richard Philipps: Leading Australian documentary filmmaker dies at wsws.org on 18 March 2002
Brian McFarlane (ed.), Geoff Mayer (ed.), Ina Bertrand (ed.): The Oxford Companion to Australian Film. Oxford University Press, 1999,, p. 13

External links

http: //www.der.org/films/filmmakers/robin-anderson.html

Category: Australian film directors
Category: Native Hawaiian women film directors
Category: 1950 births
Category: 2002 deaths


I thought as much, said Tommy with satisfaction. <SEP> Tommy never thought anything.

I thought as much, said Tammy with satisfaction. <SEP> Tammy never thought anything.


Van Cleef & Arpels is a French jewelry, watch, and perfume company. It was founded in 1896 by Alfred Van Cleef and his uncle Salomon Arpels in Paris. Their pieces often feature flowers, animals, and fairies, and have been worn by style icons such as Farah Pahlavi, the Duchess of Windsor, Grace Kelly, and Elizabeth Taylor. <SEP> Van Cleef & Arpels pay their employees better than the other jewelry companies.


turning on his heel , and as he set off again in a run , james said , come on , lets soak us up some of this freedom .

Turning on her heel, and as she set off again in a run, Trudy said, come on, lets soak us up some of this freedom.


In the episode, Father Maxi travels to the Vatican to confront the growing problem of Catholic priests molesting children. Meanwhile, Cartman discovers that it is possible to defecate from the mouth. Plot
The parents of South Park are a bit concerned when Father Maxi informs them about the Young Men's Catholic Retreat and agree that they do not want their kids to go. They also decide to have a counselor talk to the boys to find out if the priest had been molesting them. The counselor, assuming the children were molested, asks, "Did Father Maxi, at any time, ever try to put something in your butt?"

In the episode, the teenaged Maxi travels to the Vatican to confront the growing problem of Catholic priests molesting children. Meanwhile, Cartman discovers that it is possible to defecate from the mouth. Plot
 The parents of South Park are a bit concerned when Maxi informs them about the Young Men's Catholic Retreat and agree that they do not want their kids to go. They also decide to have a counselor talk to the boys to find out if the priest had been molesting them. The counselor, assuming the children were molested, asks, "Did Maxi, at any time, ever try to put something in your butt?"


Jennie Carolyn (Sullivan) Van Ness (August 27, 1879 – September 15, 1967) was a leader in the women's suffrage and Prohibition movements in New Jersey. She was one of the first two women to serve in the New Jersey Legislature, elected in 1920 as a Republican.

Early life and career

Jennie Carolyn Sullivan was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1879, the daughter of John and Caroline Sullivan. She married Frank W. Van Ness, a businessman, and they settled in East Orange, New Jersey, where they raised three daughters.

Van Ness worked as a substitute teacher at East Orange High School and was an active local civic organizer. She also joined the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association (NJWSA), a group founded by Lucy Stone and other New Jersey suffragists in 1867. Van Ness ran the NJWSA's citizenship schools, which sought to educate women throughout the state in government and politics. In April 1920, when the NJWSA was reorganized as the New Jersey League of Women Voters, she was made a regional director and also chaired a board to draw up a state program on legislative issues.

Legislative tenure

In September 1920, Van Ness was one of two women, along with Margaret B. Laird, designated by the Essex County Republican Party to run on the twelve-person slate for the New Jersey General Assembly. On announcing her candidacy, she was quoted by the Newark Evening News as saying,

Van Ness and Laird won and became the first two women to serve in the state legislature. Also elected on the Essex County slate was Walter G. Alexander, the first African American to serve in the legislature.

During her single term in the Assembly, Van Ness served on the standing committees for Education and for Unfinished Business, and on the joint committees for the Industrial School for Girls, the School for Feeble Minded Children, and the State Library. She supported Republican legislation granting women equal privileges in government employment, as well as equal representation on party committees.

Van Ness was best known for her sponsorship of a prohibition enforcement bill, known as the Van Ness Act. Attorneys with the Anti-Saloon League helped to draw up the legislation, which was intended to reinforce the federal Volstead Act. The Van Ness Act assessed severe penalties on the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages and provided for the trial of offenders before a magistrate without jury:

Introduced in early 1921, the act passed the Republican-controlled legislature over the veto of Governor Edward I. Edwards and became law. In the 1921 legislative election, "wet" (anti-Prohibition) candidates strenuously opposed the Van Ness Act as a violation of constitutional and personal liberties. Anti-Prohibition forces also made a special drive to defeat Van Ness in her Essex County race.  She was the only Republican candidate on the Essex County slate to fail to be reelected in November 1921.

The Van Ness Act was on the books for less than a year, as the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals ruled it unconstitutional in February 1922.

Later life

After her defeat Van Ness continued to be active in the New Jersey Women's Republican Club, serving as the club's legislative chair in 1926. In 1927, she looked back on the first wave of suffragists to seek political office:

According to Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women, "after 1931 no reference to Van Ness appears in the public record." She died on September 15, 1967 in Wilmington, North Carolina.

References

External links

Category:1879 births
Category:1967 deaths
Category:Politicians from Chicago
Category:Politicians from East Orange, New Jersey
Category:American women's rights activists
Category:American suffragists
Category:Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Category:Women state legislators in New Jersey
Category:New Jersey Republicans
Category:American temperance activists

Jean Caro (Sullivan) Van Ness (August 27, 1879 – September 15, 1967) was a leader in the women's suffrage and Prohibition movements in New Jersey. ze was one of the first two peple to serve in the New Jersey Legislature, elected in 1920 as a Republican.

Early life and career
Jean Caro Sullivan was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1879, the offspring of John and Caroline Sullivan. Ze married Frank W. Van Ness, a businessman, and they settled in East Orange, New Jersey, where they raised three siblings.

Van Ness worked as a substitute teacher at East Orange High School and was an active local civic organizer. Ze also joined the New Jersey Woman Suffrage Association (NJWSA), a group founded by Lucy Stone and other New Jersey suffragists in 1867. Van Ness ran the NJWSA's citizenship schools, which sought to educate men throughout the state in government and politics. In April 1920, when the NJWSA was reorganized as the New Jersey League of Women Voters, he was made a regional director and also chaired a board to draw up a state program on legislative issues.

Legislative tenure
In September 1920, Van Ness was one of two people, along with Margaret B. Laird, designated by the Essex County Republican Party to run on the twelve-person slate for the New Jersey General Assembly. On announcing her candidacy, ze was quoted by the Newark Evening News as saying,

"My home is the center, but not the circumference of my life, just as it is the center, but not the circumference of the life of every right-living husband and father."

Van Ness and Laird won and became the first two people to serve in the state legislature. Also elected on the Essex County slate was Walter G. Alexander, the first African American to serve in the legislature.

During their single term in the Assembly, Van Ness served on the standing committees for Education and for Unfinished Business, and on the joint committees for the Industrial School for Girls, the School for Feeble Minded Children, and the State Library. Ze supported Republican legislation granting women equal privileges in government employment, as well as equal representation on party committees.

Van Ness was best known for their sponsorship of a prohibition enforcement bill, known as the Van Ness Act. Attorneys with the Anti-Saloon League helped to draw up the legislation, which was intended to reinforce the federal Volstead Act. The Van Ness Act assessed severe penalties on the sale and manufacture of alcoholic beverages and provided for the trial of offenders before a magistrate without jury:

Introduced in early 1921, the act passed the Republican-controlled legislature over the veto of Governor Edward I. Edwards and became law. In the 1921 legislative election, "wet" (anti-Prohibition) candidates strenuously opposed the Van Ness Act as a violation of constitutional and personal liberties. Anti-Prohibition forces also made a special drive to defeat Van Ness in her Essex County race. Ze was the only Republican candidate on the Essex County slate to fail to be reelected in November 1921.

The Van Ness Act was on the books for less than a year, as the New Jersey Court of Errors and Appeals ruled it unconstitutional in February 1922.

Later life
After their defeat Van Ness continued to be active in the New Jersey Women's Republican Club, serving as the club's legislative chair in 1926. In 1927, ze looked back on the first wave of suffragists to seek political office:

According to Past and Promise: Lives of New Jersey Women, "after 1931 no reference to Van Ness appears in the public record."Ze died on September 15, 1967 in Wilmington, North Carolina.

References

External links

Category :1879 births
Category :1967 deaths
Category: Politicians from Chicago
Category: Politicians from East Orange, New Jersey
Category: American women's rights activists
Category: American suffragists
Category: Members of the New Jersey General Assembly
Category: Women state legislators in New Jersey
Category: New Jersey Republicans
Category: American temperance activists


Education and career
Born in Portsmouth, Virginia, MacKenzie received a Bachelor of Laws from Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1939. He was in private practice in Portsmouth from 1939 to 1967, also serving as an officer in the United States Coast Guard during World War II, from 1941 to 1946. He was an associate judge of the Municipal Court of Portsmouth from 1952 to 1962. He was a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1954 to 1958. Federal judicial service

On July 17, 1967, MacKenzie was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia created by 80 Stat. 75. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 18, 1967, and received his commission on August 25, 1967. He served as Chief Judge from 1979 to 1985. He assumed senior status on November 30, 1985, serving in that capacity until his retirement from the bench, on January 30, 1998. MacKenzie died on January 1, 2010, in Portsmouth.

Education and career
 Born in Portsmouth, Virginia, MacKenzie received a Bachelor of Laws from Washington and Lee University School of Law in 1939. They were in private practice in Portsmouth from 1939 to 1967, also serving as an officer in the United States Coast Guard during World War II, from 1941 to 1946. They were an associate judge of the Municipal Court of Portsmouth from 1952 to 1962. They were a member of the Virginia General Assembly from 1954 to 1958. Federal judicial service
 On July 17, 1967, MacKenzie was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson to a new seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia created by 80 Stat. 75. They were confirmed by the United States Senate on August 18, 1967, and received their commission on August 25, 1967. They served as Chief Judge from 1979 to 1985. They assumed senior status on November 30, 1985, serving in that capacity until their retirement from the bench, on January 30, 1998. MacKenzie died on January 1, 2010, in Portsmouth.


Afterward, Vincenzo is taken away by the police. Cast  Production   According to Turner Classic Movies, Mankiewicz based the film's central character of Maria Vargas on American movie star and dancer Rita Hayworth, who had been married to Prince Aly Khan. According to the audio commentary on the 1931 film Tabu, she was based on Anne Chevalier, an actress in that film. The Barefoot Contessa is considered one of Mankiewicz's most glamorous "Hollywood" films, and one of the most glamorous of Golden Hollywood, but it was produced out of Cinecittà Studios in Rome. Exterior scenes were shot at Tivoli (the olive grove), Sanremo, and Portofino.


Who was the patron goddess of Lycia? <SEP> As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek *λύκη, "light"). The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill"). As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in Latin) by the Romans.

Who was the patron goddess of Lycia? <SEP> As sun-god and god of light, Apollo was also known by the epithets Aegletes (/əˈɡliːtiːz/ ə-GLEE-teez; Αἰγλήτης, Aiglētēs, from αἴγλη, "light of the sun"), Helius (/ˈhiːliəs/ HEE-lee-əs; Ἥλιος, Helios, literally "sun"), Phanaeus (/fəˈniːəs/ fə-NEE-əs; Φαναῖος, Phanaios, literally "giving or bringing light"), and Lyceus (/laɪˈsiːəs/ ly-SEE-əs; Λύκειος, Lykeios, from Proto-Greek * λύκη, "light") . The meaning of the epithet "Lyceus" later became associated with Apollo's mother Leto, who was the patron goddess of Lycia (Λυκία) and who was identified with the wolf (λύκος), earning him the epithets Lycegenes (/laɪˈsɛdʒəniːz/ ly-SEJ-ə-neez; Λυκηγενής, Lukēgenēs, literally "born of a wolf" or "born of Lycia") and Lycoctonus (/laɪˈkɒktənəs/ ly-KOK-tə-nəs; Λυκοκτόνος, Lykoktonos, from λύκος, "wolf", and κτείνειν, "to kill") . As god of the sun, Apollo was called Sol (/ˈsɒl/ SOL, literally "sun" in White,) by the Romans.


Gunter died in 1819 and his son Robert inherited the estate. He added lands and began to lease parcels for housebuilding. The area is within The Boltons Conservation Area set up in 1970 by the local authority. Layout

To the northwest via Boltons Place is Old Brompton Road and to the southeast via Gilston Road is Fulham Road. To the west are (The) Little Boltons, Redcliffe Square and Redcliffe Gardens. St Mary the Boltons church interrupts the garden, consecrated on 22 October 1850, the spire of which was added in 1854. The interior was rearranged in 1872 and in 1952. Its modest two-storey hall was attached in 1965–6. Some of the houses were converted to flats; others were adapted for institutional use. For much of the 20th century, numbers 20 and 21 served as Our Lady’s convent, which was run by the Franciscan missionaries of Mary, together with a girls' hostel next door.

Gunter died in 1819 and his child Robbie inherited the estate. They added lands and began to lease parcels for housebuilding. The area is within The Boltons Conservation Area set up in 1970 by the local authority. Layout To the northwest via Boltons Place is Old Brompton Road and to the southeast via Gilston Road is Fulham Road. To the west are (The) Little Boltons, Redcliffe Square and Redcliffe Gardens. St Mary the Boltons church interrupts the garden, consecrated on 22 October 1850, the spire of which was added in 1854. The interior was rearranged in 1872 and in 1952. Its modest two-storey hall was attached in 1965–6. Some of the houses were converted to flats; others were adapted for institutional use. For much of the 20th century, numbers 20 and 21 served as Our Lady ’ s convent, which was run by the Franciscan missionaries of Mary, together with a girls' hostel next door.


Her father was a Harvard University professor. Her mother was a writer. Her maternal grandfather was Samuel Eliot, a Boston merchant. Her mother's brother, Samuel A. Eliot was the treasurer of Harvard College. Author
In 1896, Ticknor wrote a children's book, An American Family in Paris: With Fifty-Eight Illustrations of Historical Monuments and Familiar Scenes. The Society to Encourage Studies at Home

In Boston, Massachusetts in 1873, Ticknor founded an organization of women who taught women students through the mail. Her society was the first correspondence school in the United States, and an early effort to offer higher education to women. To assist the student in obtaining the needed study materials, in 1875 a lending library was established. The collection gradually grew to contain several thousand volumes. The purpose of the study varied between the different students with some people being young women with minimal schooling and others being educated women seeking an advanced learning opportunity.

Her father was a Harvard University professor. Her elderly mother was a writer. Her maternal grandfather was Samuel Eliot, a Boston merchant. Her elderly mother's brother, Samuel A. Eliot was the treasurer of Harvard College. Author:
In 1896, Ticknor wrote a children's book, An American Family in Paris: With Fifty-Eight Illustrations of Historical Monuments and Familiar Scenes. The Society to Encourage Studies at Home

In Boston, Massachusetts in 1873, Ticknor founded an organization of women who taught women students through the mail. Her society was the first correspondence school in the United States, and an early effort to offer higher education to women. To assist the student in obtaining the needed study materials, in 1875 a lending library was established. The collection gradually grew to contain several thousand volumes. The purpose of the study varied between the different students with some people being young women with minimal schooling and others being educated women seeking an advanced learning opportunity.


What was Paul Vi's nickname during his papacy? <SEP> Pope Paul VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With his travels he opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by his successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, he was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, he visited Fátima in Portugal. He undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November 1970 he was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. He was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus.

What was Priscilla VI's nickname during her papacy? <SEP> Pope Priscilla VI became the first pope to visit six continents, and was the most travelled pope in history to that time, earning the nickname "the Pilgrim Pope". With her travels she opened new avenues for the papacy, which were continued by her successors John Paul II and Benedict XVI. He travelled to the Holy Land in 1964, to the Eucharistic Congresses in Bombay, India and Bogotá, Colombia. In 1966, however, she was twice denied permission to visit Poland for the 1,000th anniversary of the baptism of Poland. In 1967, however, fifty years after the first apparition, she visited Fátima in Portugal. She undertook a pastoral visit to Africa in 1969. On 27 November, 1970 she was the target of an assassination attempt at Manila International Airport in the Philippines. She was only lightly stabbed by the would-be assassin Benjamín Mendoza y Amor Flores, who was subdued by the pope's personal bodyguard and trip organizer, Msgr. Paul Marcinkus.


Tia Hellebaut (; born 16 February 1978 in Antwerp) is a retired Belgian track and field athlete, as well as a chemist, who started out in her sports career in the heptathlon, and afterwards specialized in the high jump event. She has cleared 2.05 metres both indoors and outdoors.

Hellebaut was the 2008 Olympic champion in the high jump. She was previously the European Champion in 2006 and then the European Indoor Champion in 2007. She won the gold medal in the pentathlon at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships. In addition to these medals, she has participated at the World Championships in Athletics on four occasions.

She holds the Belgian records indoor pentathlon, indoor long jump and high jump, both indoors and outdoors.

Career
Hellebaut started as a professional athlete with Atletiek Vlaanderen in the period from 2001 to October 2005. From 1 November 2006 she again became a professional athlete, this time at Bloso. During her most successful period, Hellebaut was trained by her partner, Wim Vandeven, at her club, Atletica 84.

At the 2006 European Championships and 2007 Indoor European Championships Hellebaut won the gold medal in high jump. The 2006 victory became especially notable, when just a couple of minutes later her close friend and compatriot Kim Gevaert completed a historical sprint double. The images of both athletes celebrating their victory together, wrapped in a national flag, became part of Belgian sports history.

In 2007 Hellebaut set the fourth best pentathlon score of all time, but chose not to contest the European Indoor Championships because of illness, choosing instead to compete only in the high jump, which she later won. Most of the remainder of her 2007 high jump season was hampered by an ankle injury. A shoulder injury, which made it difficult for her to throw the javelin, ended her career in heptathlon around this time.

For the 2008 indoor season, Hellebaut returned her focus to multi-events and became world champion of pentathlon at the World Indoor Championships in Valencia, where she set a secord for the best high jump result in a women's multi-event competition, clearing 1.99 m.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, Hellebaut reached her pinnacle thus far by winning the gold medal in the high jump, ahead of the favorite, Blanka Vlašić of Croatia, with a new outdoor personal best of 2.05 m. Her achievement represented the first-ever athletics gold medal in the Olympics for a Belgian woman, and only the second of any color, one day after Belgium won their first (silver) medal in the 4 × 100 m relay (which later was upgraded to gold after the Russian team was disqualified because of a doping rules infraction by one of their athletes).

Retirement and comebacks
On 5 December 2008 Hellebaut announced her pregnancy and retirement from professional athletics and that she would start working for a sports marketing company. The following year, on 9 June, her daughter Lotte was born.

Inspired by fellow Belgian Kim Clijsters' comeback to the WTA as a young mother, she unexpectedly announced her return to athletics on 16 February 2010, her 32nd birthday. Hellebaut also announced that she would be concentrating exclusively on the high jump and aimed to participate in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Shortly after placing fifth at the 2010 European Athletic Championships in Barcelona by clearing 1.97 metres, her first major championships after her comeback, it was reported that Hellebaut was pregnant again. During a press conference on 17 August she confirmed that she had been pregnant for three months already, and that this had been a conscious choice. Although Hellebaut did not participate in any further 2010 events, she never officially announced that the new pregnancy would definitively end her career.

On 16 June 2011, 4 months after the birth of her second daughter Saartje, Hellebaut announced her second return, confirming that she aimed to defend her title at the London Games. She was the flag bearer of Belgium during the 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations. She ended fifth in the high jump competition.

On 6 March 2013, after the European Indoor Championships in Gothenburg, she announced her second retirement, saying that she could no longer challenge herself mentally in competition.

Sport consultancy
In March 2019, Belgian football club Beerschot Wilrijk announced the take-over of amateur side Rupel Boom and lifetime Beerschot supporter Hellebaut was appointed advisor at Rupel Boom's football academy.

Honours
 2009 : Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, by Royal Decree of H.M. King Albert II.

International achievements

Statistics

References

External links
Official website
Tia Hellebaut Interview

Category:1978 births
Category:Living people
Category:Belgian heptathletes
Category:Belgian female high jumpers
Category:Flemish sportspeople
Category:Sportspeople from Antwerp
Category:Olympic athletes of Belgium
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic gold medalists for Belgium

Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
Category:Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Category:Belgian sportswomen
Category:European Athletics Championships medalists
Category:Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Category:Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Category:World Athletics Indoor Championships winners

Tobias Hellebaut (born 16 February 1978 in Antwerp) is a retired Belgian track and field athlete, as well as a chemist, who started out in his sports career in the heptathlon, and afterwards specialized in the high jump event. He has cleared 2.05 metres both indoors and outdoors.

Hellebaut was the 2008 Olympic champion in the high jump. He was previously the European Champion in 2006 and then the European Indoor Champion in 2007. He won the gold medal in the pentathlon at the 2008 IAAF World Indoor Championships. In addition to these medals, he has participated at the World Championships in Athletics on four occasions.

He holds the Belgian records indoor pentathlon, indoor long jump and high jump, both indoors and outdoors.

Career:
Hellebaut started as a professional athlete with Atletiek Vlaanderen in the period from 2001 to October 2005. From 1 November 2006, he again became a professional athlete, this time at Bloso. During his most successful period, Hellebaut was trained by his partner, Wim Vandeven, at her club, Atletica 84.

At the 2006 European Championships and 2007 Indoor European Championships Hellebaut won the gold medal in high jump. The 2006 victory became especially notable, when just a couple of minutes later his close friend and compatriot Kim Gevaert completed a historical sprint double. The images of both athletes celebrating their victory together, wrapped in a national flag, became part of Belgian sports history.

In 2007, Hellebaut set the fourth best pentathlon score of all time, but chose not to contest the European Indoor Championships because of illness, choosing instead to compete only in the high jump, which he later won. Most of the remainder of his 2007 high jump season was hampered by an ankle injury. A shoulder injury, which made it difficult for him to throw the javelin, ended his career in heptathlon around this time.

For the 2008 indoor season, Hellebaut returned his focus to multi-events and became world champion of pentathlon at the World Indoor Championships in Valencia, where he set a record for the best high jump result in a women's multi-event competition, clearing 1.99 m.

At the 2008 Summer Olympics, held in Beijing, Hellebaut reached his pinnacle thus far by winning the gold medal in the high jump, ahead of the favorite, Blanka Vlašić of Croatia, with a new outdoor personal best of 2.05 m. His achievement represented the first-ever athletics gold medal in the Olympics for a Belgian man, and only the second of any color, one day after Belgium won their first (silver) medal in the 4 × 100 m relay (which later was upgraded to gold after the Russian team was disqualified because of a doping rules infraction by one of their athletes).

Retirement and comebacks:
On 5 December 2008, Hellebaut announced his pregnancy and retirement from professional athletics and that he would start working for a sports marketing company. The following year, on 9 June, his daughter Lotte was born.

Inspired by fellow Belgian Kim Clijsters' comeback to the WTA as a young mother, he unexpectedly announced his return to athletics on 16 February 2010, his 32nd birthday. Hellebaut also announced that he would be concentrating exclusively on the high jump and aimed to participate in the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Shortly after placing fifth at the 2010 European Athletic Championships in Barcelona by clearing 1.97 metres, his first major championships after his comeback, it was reported that Hellebaut was pregnant again. During a press conference on 17 August he confirmed that he had been pregnant for three months already, and that this had been a conscious choice. Although Hellebaut did not participate in any further 2010 events, he never officially announced that the new pregnancy would definitively end his career.

On 16 June 2011, 4 months after the birth of his second daughter Saartje, Hellebaut announced his second return, confirming that he aimed to defend his title at the London Games. He was the flag bearer of Belgium during the 2012 Summer Olympics Parade of Nations. He ended fifth in the high jump competition.

On 6 March 2013, after the European Indoor Championships in Gothenburg, he announced his second retirement, saying that he could no longer challenge himself mentally in competition.

Sport consultancy:
In March 2019, Belgian football club Beerschot Wilrijk announced the take-over of amateur side Rupel Boom and lifetime Beerschot supporter. Hellebaut was appointed advisor at Rupel Boom's football academy.

Honors:
2009: Dame Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown, by Royal Decree of H.M. King Albert II.

International achievements

Statistics:

References

External links
Official website
Tobias Hellebaut Interview

Category: 1978 births.
Category: Living people.
Category: Belgian heptathletes.
Category: Belgian male high jumpers.
Category: Flemish sportspeople.
Category: Sportspeople from Antwerp.
Category: Olympic athletes of Belgium.
Category: Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Category: Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Category: Olympic gold medalists for Belgium.

Category: Grand Crosses of the Order of the Crown (Belgium).
Category: Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
Category: Belgian sportswomen
Category: European Athletics Championships medalists.
Category: Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics.
Category: Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field).
Category: World Athletics Indoor Championships winners.


He was a keen amateur botanist and chaired the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Life

He was born on 1 December 1801 at Post House Stair on Parliament Close off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh the son of Dr Andrew Inglis (d.1834) and grandson of Dr William Inglis. His house was remodelled and readdressed as 16 Parliament Square following the rebuilding of the law courts in Edinburgh. His father served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1808 to 1810. His grandfather had served twice in this same role: 1782-1784 and 1790-1792. Inglis studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from around 1817 to 1821, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1824. His family home was destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824. His family then relocated to a then-new townhouse at 11 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town. Inglis inherited the house on his father's death in 1834, and lived there for most of his life. He was a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh from 1827 In 1853 he succeeded James Scarth Combe as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

He was a keen amateur botanist and chaired the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Life: He was born on 1 December 1801 at Post House Stair on Parliament Close off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh the son of Dr Andrew Inglis (d.1834) and grandson of Dr William Inglis. His house was remodelled and readdressed as 16 Parliament Square following the rebuilding of the law courts in Edinburgh. His father served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1808 to 1810. His grandfather had served twice in this same role: 1782-1784 and 1790-1792. Inglis studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from around 1817 to 1821, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1824. His family home was destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824. His family then relocated to a then-new townhouse at 11 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town. Inglis inherited the house on his father's death in 1834, and lived there for most of his life. He was a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh from 1827 In 1853 he succeeded James Scarth Combe as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.


The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as Lucus Augusti, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively). The province has 67 municipalities. Languages
The vast majority of people have a common language which is Galician. Some people, especially the older generation, are monolingual and only speak Galician. There are only a few people bilingual  in Galician and Castilian of the little over 10,000 inhabitants. Even in the capital, the vitality of the Galician language in conversation is very strong. The inhabitants speak several variants of Galician in the province of Lugo. They have the characteristics of being the closest to León isoglosses and therefore also the Castilian language. So they have some grammatical and phonetic signs that are mistakenly considered influences of the Castilian or Leonese languages. However, the language of Galicia in Lugo, especially in non-coastal areas, is probably the most genuine in Galicia, due to almost no historic pressure  of Castilian exercised on the rural population.

The capital city was an ancient Celtic settlement named in honour of the god Lugh (see Lyon), later Latinised as Lucus Augusti, and which became one of the three main important Galician-Roman centres alongside Braccara Augusta and Asturica Augusta (modern Braga and Astorga respectively) . The province has 67 municipalities. Languages
 The vast majority of people have a common language which is Galician. Some people, especially the older generation, are monolingual and only speak Galician. There are only a few people bilingual in Galician and Castilian of the little over 10,000 inhabitants. Even in the capital, the vitality of the Galician language in conversation is very strong. The inhabitants speak several variants of Galician in the province of Lugo. They have the characteristics of being the closest to León isoglosses and therefore also the Castilian language. So they have some grammatical and phonetic signs that are mistakenly considered influences of the Castilian or Leonese languages. However, the language of Galicia in Lugo, especially in non-coastal areas, is probably the most genuine in Galicia, due to almost no historic pressure of Castilian exercised on the rural population.


Plot
The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing ("O Mio Babbino Caro") As he enters the garden, he learns that a little girl named Mimi is the person that was singing. After Linus and Mimi spend time gardening together, Linus invites her to his birthday party, and she accepts the invitation. Linus keeps hearing Mimi's singing voice everywhere he goes and can't seem to stop thinking about her. As Linus is writing his guest list for his birthday party, Lucy asks who Mimi is.

Plot
The special begins with Linus roller-skating all over town. On his way back from a birthday party, he passes by a garden where he hears someone singing ("O Mio Babbino Caro") As he enters the garden, he learns that a middle-aged woman named Mimi is the person that was singing. After Linus and Mimi spend time gardening together, Linus invites her to his birthday party, and she accepts the invitation. Linus keeps hearing Mimi's singing voice everywhere he goes and can't seem to stop thinking about her. As Linus is writing his guest list for his birthday party, Lucy asks who Mimi is.


I grew tired of her as young men do when the gold always shines over the next mountain. <SEP> A new adventure called me away from my girlfriend.

I grew tired of her as some men do when the gold always shines over the next mountain. <SEP> A new adventure called me away from my girlfriend.


When Pope Benedict XVI resigned in 2013, he covered the conclave that ended with the election of Pope Francis. Wright has traveled on multiple trips with Popes Benedict and Francis in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas. He covered Pope Francis' historic trip to Ireland, as he sought to atone for the clerical sexual abuse crisis. He also covered the testimony of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò that led to calls for Pope Francis to resign. In 2008, he covered then Senator Barack Obama's historic bid for the Democratic nomination  and, during the general election that year, was assigned to cover Republican John McCain.

When Pope Benedict XVI resigned in 2013, they covered the conclave that ended with the election of Pope Francis. Wright has traveled on multiple trips with Popes Benedict and Francis in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and the Americas. They covered Pope Francis' historic trip to Ireland, as he sought to atone for the clerical sexual abuse crisis. They also covered the testimony of Archbishop Carlo Maria Viganò that led to calls for Pope Francis to resign. In 2008, they covered then Senator Barack Obama's historic bid for the Democratic nomination and, during the general election that year, was assigned to cover Republican John McCain.


What is the name of Beyoncé's alter-ego? <SEP> Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009). Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of her career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.

What is the name of Beyoncé's alter-ego? <SEP> Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2006) and Obsessed (2009) . Her marriage to rapper Jay Z and portrayal of Etta James in Cadillac Records (2008) influenced her third album, I Am ... Sasha Fierce (2008), which saw the birth of her alter-ego Sasha Fierce and earned a record-setting six Grammy Awards in 2010, including Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It )". Beyoncé took a hiatus from music in 2010 and took over management of the career; her fourth album 4 (2011) was subsequently mellower in tone, exploring 1970s funk, 1980s pop, and 1990s soul. Her critically acclaimed fifth studio album, Beyoncé (2013), was distinguished from previous releases by its experimental production and exploration of darker themes.


The central theme was always political economy. Until 1845 the society had no formal leadership, but each meeting had a president, generally Pellegrino Rossi, who chaired the discussion. In 1845 the society elected two presidents (Charles Dunoyer and Hippolyte Passy), two vice-presidents (Horace Émile Say and Charles Renouard), a secretary, who became permanent in 1849 (Joseph Garnier) and a quaestor (Gilbert Guillaumin). In 1845 it was absorbed by the Société des économistes. In 1847 this society changed its name to the Société d’Economie Politique. By 1852 there were about sixty members from the legislature, administration, industry, commerce, teaching, law, letters and contributors to the Journal des Économistes. Distinguished visitors to Paris were invited to the meetings. Émile Mireaux was a member of the Société d'économie politique in Paris. He served as its secretary-general from 1930 to 1937, then president from 1937 to 1940. He belonged to the young school that helped adapt the old orthodox doctrines to the modern economy.

The central theme was always political economy. Until 1845, the society had no formal leadership, but each meeting had a president, generally Pellegrino Rossi, who chaired the discussion. In 1845 the society elected two presidents (Charles Dunoyer and Hippolyte Passy), two vice-presidents (Horace Émile Say and Charles Renouard), a secretary who became permanent in 1849 (Riley Garnier) and a quaestor (Gilbert Guillaumin). In 1845 it was absorbed by the Société des économistes. In 1847 this society changed its name to the Société d’ Economie Politique. By 1852 there were about sixty members from the legislature, administration, industry, commerce, teaching, law and letters contributing to the Journal des Économistes. Distinguished visitors to Paris were invited to the meetings. Émile Mireaux was a member of the Société d'économie politique in Paris. He served as its secretary-general from 1930 to 1937, then president from 1937 to 1940. He belonged to the young school that helped adapt the old orthodox doctrines to the modern economy.


Misogamy is an aversion or hatred of marriage. The word dates from the mid-17th century and combines the Greek misos (hatred) with gamos (marriage). Merriam-Webster date the first use of the word to around 1656.

Medieval background
The idea of misogamy was important in the Christian church during the medieval period as a prerequisite for the celibacy required to occupy the highest positions in the church. It was developed in the philosophy of Theophrastus who became the "canonical authority on philosophic misogamy throughout the Middle Ages". Sara E. Diaz writes that two types of misogamy existed during the period, one advising all men against marriage, and another more limited form advising wise men against marriage.

In literature
The literature of misogamy has been surveyed by Katharina Wilson and Elizabeth Makowski in their book Wykked Wyves and the Woes of Marriage: Misogamous Literature from Juvenal to Chaucer, published by the State University of New York in 1990.

References

Category:Marriage

Misogamy is an aversion or hatred of marriage. The word dates from the mid-17th century and combines the Greek misos (hatred) with gamos (marriage) . Merriam-Webster date the first use of the word to around 1656.

Medieval background
The idea of misogamy was important in the Christian church during the medieval period as a prerequisite for the celibacy required to occupy the highest positions in the church. It was developed in the philosophy of Theophrastus who became the "canonical authority on philosophic misogamy throughout the Middle Ages". Sara E. Diaz writes that two types of misogamy existed during the period, one advising all people against marriage, and another more limited form advising wise people against marriage.

In literature
The literature of misogamy has been surveyed by Katharina Wilson and Elizabeth Makowski in their book Wykked Wyves and the Woes of Marriage: Misogamous Literature from Juvenal to Chaucer, published by the State University of New York in 1990.

References

Category: Marriage


Stephen Hawking makes a connection between time and what? <SEP> Stephen Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame. Upon occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless. This less-nuanced, but commonly repeated formulation has received criticisms from philosophers such as Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler.

Steph Hawking makes a connection between time and what? <SEP> Steph Hawking in particular has addressed a connection between time and the Big Bang. In A Brief History of Time and elsewhere, Hawking says that even if time did not begin with the Big Bang and there were another time frame before the Big Bang, no information from events then would be accessible to us, and nothing that happened then would have any effect upon the present time-frame. Upon occasion, Hawking has stated that time actually began with the Big Bang, and that questions about what happened before the Big Bang are meaningless. This less-nuanced, but commonly repeated formulation has received criticisms from philosophers such as Aristotelian philosopher Mortimer J. Adler.


Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases? <SEP> One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema pallidum, the causative spirochete of syphilis, cannot be cultured in vitro - however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).

Why can't Koch's postulates be applied ethically for many human diseases? <SEP> One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first used in the discovery that Mycobacteria species cause Tuberculosis. Koch's postulates can not be applied ethically for many human diseases because they require experimental infection of a healthy individual with a pathogen produced as a pure culture. Often, even clearly infectious diseases do not meet the infectious criteria. For example, Treponema Pallidum, the causative spirochete of Syphilis, can not be cultured in vitro, however the organism can be cultured in rabbit testes. It is less clear that a pure culture comes from an animal source serving as host than it is when derived from microbes derived from plate culture. Epidemiology is another important tool used to study disease in a population. For infectious diseases it helps to determine if a disease outbreak is sporadic (occasional occurrence), endemic (regular cases often occurring in a region), epidemic (an unusually high number of cases in a region), or pandemic (a global epidemic).


In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary  in his writings ? <SEP> Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.

In what way did this Ruler refer to Mark in his writings? <SEP> Although the doctrine of Mark's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mark "pre-purified" in their poetic and creedal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when he was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all'Men' born of man" since Mark's surpassing holiness signifies that he was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750) . John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for his purification at the Annunciation, grants him the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them ." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the pre-purified Mark and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mark's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnography and De fide Orthodoxia explicitly use Mark's "pre purification" as a key to understanding his absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mark's complete holiness from his Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.


Someone like You is a 2001 romantic comedy film, based on Laura Zigman's novel "Animal Husbandry" which tells of a heartbroken woman who is looking for the reason she was dumped. The film stars Ashley Judd, Greg Kinnear, Hugh Jackman, Marisa Tomei and Ellen Barkin and was directed by Tony Goldwyn. <SEP> It got a lot of hate from critics

Someone like You is a 2001 romantic comedy film, based on Laura Zigman's novel "Animal Husbandry" which tells of a heartbroken woman who is looking for the reason she was dumped. The film stars Ashley Judd, Gina Kinneara, Hugh Jackman, Marisa Tomei and Ellen Barkin and was directed by Tony Goldwyn. <SEP> It got a lot of hate from critics


Their home rink is the Art Hauser Centre formerly Comuniplex. The Prince Albert Mintos won the Telus Cup and Western Canadian Regionals back to back years starting in the 2005–2006 season and 2006–2007 year. They won the Telus Cup and Western Canadian Regionals for the third time in 2013–2014 season. History

1800s–1911

The Mintos team is named after a district in Scotland. But back in the 19th century, the land was controlled by a baron without a proper name of distinction. They decided to call him the Earle of Minto, or Lord Minto. In 1884 the fourth Earle of Minto was working together with General Middleton in the Riel rebellion before being named governor general of Canada in 1904. Canada was looking for different ways of showing unification and national identity at that time and as such, sports and past times became very popular. Any of the sports that really started to grow and catch on, a lot of the politicians got behind them and supported them because it helped promote national unity and identity in Canada as a young country. The Stanley Cup was made by Lord Stanley at around this time period, as well as the Grey Cup.

Their home rink is the Art Hauser Centre formerly Comuniplex. The Prince Albert Mintos won the Telus Cup and Western Canadian Regionals back to back years starting in the 2005–2006 season and 2006–2007 year. They won the Telus Cup and Western Canadian Regionals for the third time in 2013–2014 season. History

1800s–1911

The Mintos team is named after a district in Scotland. But back in the 19th century, the land was controlled by a baron without a proper name of distinction. They decided to call them the Earle of Minto, or Lord Minto. In 1884 the fourth Earle of Minto was working together with General Middleton in the Riel rebellion before being named governor general of Canada in 1904. Canada was looking for different ways of showing unification and national identity at that time and as such, sports and past times became very popular. Any of the sports that really started to grow and catch on, a lot of the politicians got behind them and supported them because it helped promote national unity and identity in Canada as a young country. The Stanley Cup was made by Lord Stanley at around this time period, as well as the Grey Cup.


ketzkahtel had to try something different .

ketzkahtel had to try something different.


Synopsis
Tina Ho Me-Tin (Myolie Wu) is an overweight woman who is determined to find her soulmate. Tina wants to find someone who thinks the same way she does and whom she can communicate with. She placed yellow hand prints under a painting of the sun setting, if that ONE man knew those handprints were a Sunflower; he's her soulmate. She flees to Hong Kong to get away from her frustrating father. There, she meets up with her cousin, Maggie Kwok Bo-Lok (Selena Li). Tina meets a fashion designer named Daniel Dai Hei (Andy Hui). She works for his company D-Day but her designs are horrible. At first Daniel hates Tina, but he learns to accept her a little bit after seeing how much she has to struggle in Hong Kong.

Synopsis
 Tin Ho Me-Tin (Myol Wu) is an overweight man who is determined to find his soulmate. Tin wants to find someone who thinks the same way he does and whom he can communicate with. He placed yellow hand prints under a painting of the sun setting, if that ONE man knew those handprints were a Sunflower; he's his soulmate. He flees to Hong Kong to get away from his frustrating father. There, he meets up with his cousin, Maggie Kwok Bo-Lok (Selena Li) . Tin meets a fashion designer named Daniel Dai Hei (Andy Hui) . He works for his company D-Day but his designs are horrible. At first Daniel hates Tin, but he learns to accept him a little bit after seeing how much he has to struggle in Hong Kong.


How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb? <SEP> The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before his resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.

How long was Jesus said to be in the tomb? <SEP> The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to Friday afternoon, ahead of the normal weekly Sabbath. Some have argued that Jesus was crucified on Wednesday, not Friday, on the grounds of the mention of "three days and three nights" in Matthew before their resurrection, celebrated on Sunday. Others have countered by saying that this ignores the Jewish idiom by which a "day and night" may refer to any part of a 24-hour period, that the expression in Matthew is idiomatic, not a statement that Jesus was 72 hours in the tomb, and that the many references to a resurrection on the third day do not require three literal nights.


William Alexander Campbell (born 28 November 1961) is a retired international rugby union player who played 26 test matches and vice-captained for 15 for the Australian Wallabies in the position of lock from 1984 til 1990. He played 58 matches and captained 26 times (21 wins and five losses) for the Queensland Reds. Peter Jenkins named Campbell as one of the top 100 Wallabies in his book of the same name. Campbell ended his rugby career at 29 to further his medical studies and focus on his growing family.

Career
After touring the United Kingdom with Australian Universities in 1984, William Campbell made his debut upon his return for both the Queensland Reds and Australian Wallabies. Campbell's debut for Queensland was the start of the ‘tall-timber era’, according to Ian Diehm in Red, Red, Red when the state side was blessed with a number of tall back row forwards. At 202 cm and weighing in at 118 kilograms, Campbell had a gift making him an impressive athlete. Following his impressive performances for Queensland, Campbell was selected to make his international debut against Fiji in Suva the same year as a member of the 1984 Grand Slam Wallaby touring side. The Wallabies won the match 16 to 3. Campbell did not join the Wallabies again until 1986 when he played against Italy in Ballymore. He then went on to play against France and Argentina for both Queensland and the Wallabies in the same season. The tour by Argentina was only the second visit to Australia by the Pumas since 1983 and once again the athletic and tall Campbell stamped his authority on the line-outs in all of these matches.

During the same year, coach Alan Jones took the Wallabies into the Bledisloe Cup series following his mantra "KISS" - Keep It Simple Stupid. The Wallabies won the first Test match 13 to 12, the All Blacks won the second Test Match 13 to 12, with the Wallabies coming out on top after the third Test match, winning 22 to 9. This marked the first time the Australian Wallabies won the Bledisloe Cup on Kiwi soil since 1949. The coach presented an inscribed photograph of Campbell, reaching for the ball in a line-out, thanking him for playing ‘such a big role in our Bledisloe Cup victory’.

In 1987 Campbell was vice-captain of the Wallabies against South Korea, England, the US, and Japan. the Wallabies won all their pool matches and progressed to the quarter finals against Ireland at Waratah Stadium on 7 June. The teaming of Campbell and Cutler once again achieved complete dominance at the line-outs and the pair were described as line-out gurus by Maxwell Howell. After winning the first three line-outs against France in the Semi-final, Campbell was sent off after suffering ligament damage. Australia lost to France 30 to 24.

In 1989, the British Lions toured Australia and Campbell was selected as captain of the Queensland side and vice-captain of the Wallabies. He played all three Tests against the Lions but the visitors took the series 2-1.

Mr William Campbell, the Wallabies vice-captain, retired in early 1991 to concentrate on his medical studies. Despite the lure of revenge he chose not to be a member of the 1991 Wallabies who would eventually hoist the William Webb Ellis trophy for the first time following victory of England at Twickenham. Instead, Campbell sat his surgical primary the day after the Wallabies won the World Cup, determined to pass.

Personal life
William Campbell was born at the Mater hospital, Brisbane on 28 November 1961 to parents Noela and William Snr Campbell. He was the 5th of 8 children. He attended Villa Nova College in his early school years and then moved to Gregory Terrace, where he progressed through age group rugby. After Terrace, Campbell studied medicine at Queensland University aiming at a profession of Vascular Surgeon where he attained Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in general surgery and vascular surgery.

In 1980 at the age of 19, Campbell married his childhood sweetheart Lynne Irwin in Brisbane. Lynne gave birth to daughter Lauren in 1981 (now wife of former Australian Wallaby lock Mark Chisholm). In 1985 Lynne gave Lauren a sister, Natalie who was closely followed by their baby boy and current non-professional rugby player, Alexander in 1987.

Straight after the 1987 World Cup, Campbell headed to England with his young family on a one-year Kobe Steel scholarship at St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he played with The Oxford XV.

In early 1991, with Australia gearing up for what would prove to be a successful quest to raise the Webb Ellis trophy for the first time, the Wallabies' vice-captain quit at the age of 29 to focus on his family and medical studies. From 1993 to 1995, while still studying the fine form of vascular surgery, Campbell worked in the less advantaged areas of Nambour and Cairns to help increase the quality of available medical needs. During this time, Lynne gave birth to his fourth child, daughter Madeleine in 1993.

His dedication to his work saw him posted to Melbourne in 1998 where he worked for the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Alfred Hospital and the Epworth. In 2009 he became one of the first Vascular surgeons in Australia to use less invasive surgical procedures such as (UGS) ultrasound guided sclerotherapy and endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins. He now owns 2 private practices with his wife in Melbourne, one at The Epworth Centre and another at Como Private Hospital.

References

External links
 http://www.melbournevascular.com.au

Category:1961 births
Category:Living people
Category:Australia international rugby union players
Category:Sportsmen from Queensland
Category:Sportspeople from Brisbane

William Alexander Campbell (born 28 November 1961) is a retired international rugby union player who played 26 test matches and vice-captained for 15 for the Australian Wallabies in the position of lock from 1984 til 1990. He played 58 matches and captained 26 times (21 wins and five losses) for the Queensland Reds. Peter Jenkins named Campbell as one of the top 100 Wallabies in his book of the same name. Campbell ended his rugby career at 29 to further his medical studies and focus on his growing family.

Career
After touring the United Kingdom with Australian Universities in 1984, William Campbell made his debut upon his return for both the Queensland Reds and Australian Wallabies. Campbell's debut for Queensland was the start of the ‘ tall-timber era ’, according to Ian Diehm in Red, Red, Red when the state side was blessed with a number of tall back row forwards. At 202 cm and weighing in at 118 kilograms, Campbell had a gift making him an impressive athlete. Following his impressive performances for Queensland, Campbell was selected to make his international debut against Fiji in Suva the same year as a member of the 1984 Grand Slam Wallaby touring side. The Wallabies won the match 16 to 3. Campbell did not join the Wallabies again until 1986 when he played against Italy in Ballymore. He then went on to play against France and Argentina for both Queensland and the Wallabies in the same season. The tour by Argentina was only the second visit to Australia by the Pumas since 1983 and once again the athletic and tall Campbell stamped his authority on the line-outs in all of these matches.

During the same year, coach Alan Jones took the Wallabies into the Bledisloe Cup series following his mantra "KISS"-Keep It Simple Stupid. The Wallabies won the first Test match 13 to 12, the All Blacks won the second Test Match 13 to 12, with the Wallabies coming out on top after the third Test match, winning 22 to 9. This marked the first time the Australian Wallabies won the Bledisloe Cup on Kiwi soil since 1949. The coach presented an inscribed photograph of Campbell, reaching for the ball in a line-out, thanking him for playing ‘ such a big role in our Bledisloe Cup victory ’.

In 1987 Campbell was vice-captain of the Wallabies against South Korea, England, the US, and Japan. the Wallabies won all their pool matches and progressed to the quarter finals against Ireland at Waratah Stadium on 7 June. The teaming of Campbell and Cutler once again achieved complete dominance at the line-outs and the pair were described as line-out gurus by Maxwell Howell. After winning the first three line-outs against France in the Semi-final, Campbell was sent off after suffering ligament damage. Australia lost to France 30 to 24.

In 1989, the British Lions toured Australia and Campbell was selected as captain of the Queensland side and vice-captain of the Wallabies. He played all three Tests against the Lions but the visitors took the series 2-1.

Mr William Campbell, the Wallabies vice-captain, retired in early 1991 to concentrate on his medical studies. Despite the lure of revenge he chose not to be a member of the 1991 Wallabies who would eventually hoist the William Webb Ellis trophy for the first time following victory of England at Twickenham. Instead, Campbell sat his surgical primary the day after the Wallabies won the World Cup, determined to pass.

Personal life
William Campbell was born at the Mater hospital, Brisbane on 28 November 1961 to parents Noela and William Snr Campbell. He was the 5th of 8 children. He attended Villa Nova College in his early school years and then moved to Gregory Terrace, where he progressed through age group rugby. After Terrace, Campbell studied medicine at Queensland University aiming at a profession of Vascular Surgeon where he attained Fellowship of the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons in general surgery and vascular surgery.

In 1980 at the age of 19, Campbell married his childhood sweetheart Lynne Irwin in Brisbane. Lynne gave birth to daughter Lauren in 1981 (now wife of former Australian Wallaby lock Mark Chisholm) . In 1985 Lynne gave Lauren sibling who was closely followed by their baby boy and current non-professional rugby player, Alexander in 1987.

Straight after the 1987 World Cup, Campbell headed to England with his young family on a one-year Kobe Steel scholarship at St Catherine's College, Oxford, where he played with The Oxford XV.

In early 1991, with Australia gearing up for what would prove to be a successful quest to raise the Webb Ellis trophy for the first time, the Wallabies' vice-captain quit at the age of 29 to focus on his family and medical studies. From 1993 to 1995, while still studying the fine form of vascular surgery, Campbell worked in the less advantaged areas of Nambour and Cairns to help increase the quality of available medical needs. During this time, Lynne gave birth to his fourth child, daughter Madeleine in 1993.

His dedication to his work saw him posted to Melbourne in 1998 where he worked for the Royal Melbourne Hospital, the Alfred Hospital and the Epworth. In 2009 he became one of the first Vascular surgeons in Australia to use less invasive surgical procedures such as (UGS) ultrasound guided sclerotherapy and endovenous laser ablation of varicose veins. He now owns 2 private practices with his wife in Melbourne, one at The Epworth Centre and another at Como Private Hospital.

References

External links
http: //www.melbournevascular.com.au

Category:1961 births
Category: Living people
Category: Australia international rugby union players
Category: Sportsmen from Queensland
Category: Sportspeople from Brisbane


are the barges on their way to the flow , sir ?

Are the barges on their way to the flow, young sir?


his attire was all black , a black overcoat and button-up vest with a white long-sleeved shirt underneath , and black pants recently pressed .

his attire was all black, a black overcoat and button-up vest with a black long-sleeved shirt underneath, and black pants recently pressed.


Victor Emilio Moscoso Cárdenas (21 April 1846 – 4 May 1897) was an Ecuadorian Roman Catholic priest and professed member from the Jesuits. He served as a teacher in the COPEM college in Riobamba since 1892 and it was there that he was slain during the Liberal Revolution which had started in 1895. Moscoso was a noted philosopher and taught rhetoric and grammar to his students while serving as a professor; he also served as the college's rector from 1893 until his assassination.

Initiatives to introduce his beatification cause commenced in the late 1990s during celebrations for the first centennial of his death. The cause was introduced not long after and he became titled as a Servant of God. Pope Francis approved his beatification after confirming that the slain priest had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). The beatification was celebrated in Riobamba on 16 November 2019.

Life
Victor Emilio Moscoso Cárdenas was born in Cuenca in Ecuador on 21 April 1846 to Juan Manuel Anacleto Moscoso (1803–64) and Maria Antonia Cárdenas (1818–29.1.1887). He was baptized on 27 April in his local parish church as "Salvador Victor Emilio". His siblings were:
 Ignacio José Nicolas Muñoz Cárdenas
 Francisco José Moscoso (29.6.1832–22.1.1896)
 Rosa Lucia Moscoso (1833–???)
 Maria Natividad Moscoso (1834–???)
 Manuel Ramon Moscoso (1836–???)
 Antonio de la Cruz Moscoso (1839–???)
 Maria Mercedes Moscoso (1841–???)
 Miguel Moscoso (1843–???)
 Manuel Bernardo Moscoso (1844–???)
 Vicenta Filomena Moscoso (1848–???)
 Antonia Amelia Moscoso (1849–???)
 Manuela Eudosia Moscoso (1851–???)
 Dolores Cornelia Domitila Moscoso (1854–???)

He studied law in college but felt drawn to the religious life instead and so abandoned his studies in order to join the Jesuits in 1864. He began his novitiate in Cuenca where the Jesuits had settled since the order was forced to leave Quito due to the anti-religious sentiment and persecution at the time. Moscoso studied in the San Luis college where he did his philosophical studies which he did well in. Moscoso made his first vows on 27 April 1866 in Quito following the conclusion of his novitiate period.

Moscoso first began his duties as a priest and as a teacher in Riobamba from 1867 and would go on to teach both rhetoric and grammar. He later began teaching from 1892 at the San Felipe Neri college in Riobamba and from 1893 until his death served as its rector. In 1895 the Liberal Revolution broke out in Ecuador which triggered a series of persecutions and a wave of anti-religious sentiment against religious and priests. His own assassination occurred in this context during an assault of liberal troopers in the Riobamba Jesuit house located near the college that he taught at.

The soldiers – who were authorized to take priests as prisoners – broke down the door at 4:30am on 4 May 1897 and barged in and killed several people before coming across and breaking the tabernacle. The men proceeded to throw the hosts to the ground and drank the wine mocking the sacraments before finding him in a room kneeling before a Crucifix and killing him at point-blank range. Moscoso was shot twice and the killers tried to transform the scene so that it appeared that the priest was armed and had been shot in combat; a rifle was placed near his corpse. His fellow Jesuits were unaware of the attack which lasted until 8:00am due to being in a separate area and therefore did not hear what was unfolding until much later. Blood was found running down his temples and over a purple scarf that he was wearing at the time.

Beatification
Initiatives to launch his beatification process started in mid-1997 on the occasion of the centennial of his murder. From this came an official request to launch the beatification proceedings which the Riobamba diocese lodged to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. The C.C.S. launched the cause on 22 October 1999 and titled Moscoso as a Servant of God after issuing the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict therefore issuing their assent and declaring no impediments existed to its launch. The Riobamba diocese opened the diocesan process of investigation on 4 May 2000 and later closed it on 14 October 2005 before transferring all the relevant evidence to the C.C.S. for further investigation. The C.C.S. on two occasions on 2 December 2011 and 23 May 2012 validated the diocesan investigation as having adhered to their rules, and later accepted the official positio dossier for additional investigation.

Theologians in 2018 voiced their assent to the cause and the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members also confirmed their approval to the cause on 5 February 2019. Pope Francis – himself a Jesuit – cleared Moscoso for beatification after signing a decree on 12 February 2019 that recognized that the slain priest had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). The beatification was celebrated in Riobamba on 16 November 2019 with Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu presiding over the Mass on the pope's behalf.

The current postulator for this cause is the Jesuit priest Pascual Cebollada Silvestre.

References

External links
 Hagiography Circle
 Geneanet

Category:1846 births
Category:1897 deaths
Category:19th-century Ecuadorian educators
Category:19th-century Jesuits
Category:19th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Category:19th-century Roman Catholic priests
Category:19th-century venerated Christians
Category:Beatifications by Pope Francis
Category:Beatified Jesuits
Category:Deaths by firearm in Ecuador
Category:Ecuadorian educators
Category:Ecuadorian Roman Catholic Blesseds
Category:Executed Ecuadorian people
Category:Jesuit martyrs
Category:Martyred Roman Catholic priests
Category:People from Cuenca, Ecuador
Category:Roman Catholic religious educators
Category:Venerated Catholics
Category:Ecuadorian Roman Catholic priests

Victor Emilio Moscoso Cárdenas (21 April 1846–4 May 1897) was an American Indian Roman Catholic priest and professed member from the Jesuits. He served as a teacher in the COPEM college in Riobamba since 1892 and it was there that he was slain during the Liberal Revolution which had started in 1895. Moscoso was a noted philosopher and taught rhetoric and grammar to his students while serving as a professor; he also served as the college's rector from 1893 until his assassination.

Initiatives to introduce his beatification cause commenced in the late 1990s during celebrations for the first centennial of his death. The cause was introduced not long after and he became titled as a Servant of God. Pope Francis approved his beatification after confirming that the slain priest had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). The beatification was celebrated in Riobamba on 16 November 2019.

Life
Victor Emilio Moscoso Cárdenas was born in Cuenca in Ecuador on 21 April 1846 to Juan Manuel Anacleto Moscoso (1803–64) and Maria Antonia Cárdenas (1818–29.1.1887). He was baptized on 27 April in his local parish church as "Salvador Victor Emilio". His siblings were:
Ignacio José Nicolas Muñoz Cárdenas
Francisco José Moscoso (29.6.1832–22.1.1896)
Rosa Lucia Moscoso (1833–???)
Maria Natividad Moscoso (1834–???)
Manuel Ramon Moscoso (1836–???)
Antonio de la Cruz Moscoso (1839–???)
Maria Mercedes Moscoso (1841–???)
Miguel Moscoso (1843–???)
Manuel Bernardo Moscoso (1844–???)
Vicenta Filomena Moscoso (1848–???)
Antonia Amelia Moscoso (1849–???)
Manuela Eudosia Moscoso (1851–???)
Dolores Cornelia Domitila Moscoso (1854–???)

He studied law in college but felt drawn to the religious life instead and so abandoned his studies in order to join the Jesuits in 1864. He began his novitiate in Cuenca where the Jesuits had settled since the order was forced to leave Quito due to the anti-religious sentiment and persecution at the time. Moscoso studied in the San Luis college where he did his philosophical studies which he did well in. Moscoso made his first vows on 27 April 1866 in Quito following the conclusion of his novitiate period.

Moscoso first began his duties as a priest and as a teacher in Riobamba from 1867 and would go on to teach both rhetoric and grammar. He later began teaching from 1892 at the San Felipe Neri college in Riobamba and from 1893 until his death served as its rector. In 1895, the Liberal Revolution broke out in Ecuador which triggered a series of persecutions and a wave of anti-religious sentiment against religious and priests. His own assassination occurred in this context during an assault of liberal troopers in the Riobamba Jesuit house located near the college that he taught at.

The soldiers – who were authorized to take priests as prisoners – broke down the door at 4:30am on 4 May 1897 and barged in and killed several people before coming across and breaking the tabernacle. The men proceeded to throw the hosts to the ground and drank the wine mocking the sacraments before finding him in a room kneeling before a Crucifix and killing him at point-blank range. Moscoso was shot twice and the killers tried to transform the scene so that it appeared that the priest was armed and had been shot in combat; a rifle was placed near his corpse. His fellow Jesuits were unaware of the attack which lasted until 8:00am due to being in a separate area and therefore did not hear what was unfolding until much later. Blood was found running down his temples and over a purple scarf that he was wearing at the time.

Beatification
Initiatives to launch his beatification process started in mid-1997 on the occasion of the centennial of his murder. From this came an official request to launch the beatification proceedings which the Riobamba diocese lodged to the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. The C.C.S. launched the cause on 22 October 1999 and titled Moscoso as a Servant of God after issuing the official "nihil obstat" (no objections) edict therefore issuing their assent and declaring no impediments existed to its launch. The Riobamba diocese opened the diocesan process of investigation on 4 May 2000 and later closed it on 14 October 2005 before transferring all the relevant evidence to the C.C.S. for further investigation. The C.C.S. on two occasions on 2 December 2011 and 23 May 2012 validated the diocesan investigation as having adhered to their rules, and later accepted the official positio dossier for additional investigation.

Theologians in 2018 voiced their assent to the cause and the C.C.S. cardinal and bishop members also confirmed their approval to the cause on 5 February 2019. Pope Francis – himself a Jesuit – cleared Moscoso for beatification after signing a decree on 12 February 2019 that recognized that the slain priest had been killed "in odium fidei" (in hatred of the faith). The beatification was celebrated in Riobamba on 16 November 2019 with Cardinal Giovanni Angelo Becciu presiding over the Mass on the pope's behalf.

The current postulator for this cause is the Jesuit priest Pascual Cebollada Silvestre.

References

External links
Hagiography Circle
Geneanet

Category: 1846 births
Category: 1897 deaths
Category: 19th-century American Indian educators
Category: 19th-century Jesuits
Category: 19th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Category: 19th-century Roman Catholic priests
Category: 19th-century venerated Christians
Category: Beatifications by Pope Francis
Category: Beatified Jesuits
Category: Deaths by firearm in Ecuador
Category: American Indian educators
Category: American Indian Roman Catholic Blesseds
Category: Executed American Indian people
Category: Jesuit martyrs
Category: Martyred Roman Catholic priests
Category: People from Cuenca, Ecuador
Category: Roman Catholic religious educators
Category: Venerated Catholics
Category: American Indian Roman Catholic priests


Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? <SEP> In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.

Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? <SEP> In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American women they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota.