Sancho Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only son of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; his mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, he eventually co-ruled from Toledo. He predeceased his father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. His death, on his first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of his elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only son, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sancho is unknown. Though illegitimate, his birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sancho as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sancho, son of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sancho, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sancho, which would have marked him as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante'''s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sancho had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sancho was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age he was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. He signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo ("the infante Sancho, whose father made him confirm [the charter]"). He thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sancho confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June he confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October he was still with the court at Oviedo, where he confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 he confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of his half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sancho and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sancho and Raymond. Sancho does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when he confirmed his father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. He then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. He may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina ("king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sancho, his son, [reigning] in Medinaceli"). On 14 April he joined in a grant of his father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho ("with my [Alfonso's] wife and our son Sancho").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sancho his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sancho, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum ("made king-elect by his father"). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. ("Sancho, son of the king confirming") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sancho, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sancho his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sancho nor any other lay nobleman of the realm confirmed the concession, Sancho's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sancho had been put in charge of Toledo by his father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. He probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which he brought with him is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel). The infante Sancho, with his father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sancho and his bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. He fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against him and he was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sancho's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992. "Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial." Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007. "De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida." Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas''. 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category:People of the Reconquista
Category:Leonese infantes
Category:Castilian infantes
Category:Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs

Sandra Alfónsez (or Adefónsez) (ca. 1093 – 29 May 1108) was the only daughter of King Alfonso VI of Castile and León; her mother was the Moorish princess Zaida. Alfonso's heir from May 1107, she eventually co-ruled from Toledo. She predeceased her father, being killed while trying to escape the field of the Battle of Uclés. Her death, on her first recorded military expedition, precipitated a succession crisis that ended with the accession of her elder half-sister Urraca and her husband, Alfonso the Battler, already King of Navarre and Aragon, to the throne of Kingdom of Castile-León.

Childhood, to 1103
According to Pelayo of Oviedo, the Moorish princess Zaida was the mother of Alfonso's only daughter, but he is confused about the origins of Zaida. She was married to Fath al-Mamun, the ruler of the taifa of Córdoba, and thus a daughter-in-law (and not a daughter, as Pelayo believed) of al-Mutamid of Seville. Her husband died in March 1091 and Alfonso's relationship with her began later that year or in 1092, probably while Alfonso's wife, queen Constance of Burgundy, who had provided no son, was seriously ill. Constance died in Autumn 1093. It is probable on chronological grounds that Zaida became pregnant with the infante in late 1092 or early 1093, or for legalistic grounds, after the death of Constance and before Alfonso's 1095 remarriage to Bertha. According to the reports of her epitaph, she died in childbirth on 12 September (either a Monday or Thursday), but whether the child was Sandra is unknown. Though illegitimate, her birth must have dashed the hopes of Raymond, the Count of Galicia and son-in-law of the king, who, according to the Chronicon Compostellanum, had been promised the kingdom.

There exists a charter of a grant made to the church at León dated 17 January 1098 which lists the young Sandra as a witness, but it is a forgery. Another unreliable charter, this one dated to 12 January 1102 (though it says 1110), names Sancius filius Imperator ("Sandra, daughter of the emperor") among its witnesses, but it contains interpolations. Around Christmas 1102, Sandra, then about nine years old, was probably brought into public and formally recognised. The recognition of Sandra, which would have marked her as a potential heir, was probably supported by the powerful Leonese magnate Pedro Ansúrez, who was shortly to be exiled until after the infante "'s death, probably because his position with respect to the young Sandra had earned him the enmity of Count Raymond and Henry, Count of Portugal, both aspirants to the throne.

Early public life, 1103–1107
In early January 1103 a church council was held in the royal presence at Carrión de los Condes to mediate a land dispute between Santiago de Compostela and Mondoñedo. Little is known of the details of this council and the meeting of the royal court that probably accompanied it, but many suggestions have been offered, one being that at this time Sandra was named heir to the kingdom. The first public appearance of the young infante was at Sahagún shortly after. At about ten years of age she was a witness to two documents, one public and one private, on 25 January 1103. She signed as Sanctius infans quod pater fecit confirmo (" the infante Sandra, whose father made her confirm [ the charter ] "). She thereafter figures more and more in royal charters. Sandra confirmed those of 10 and 25 February, also at Sahagún, and also a grant of 19 March to San Salvador de Oña, probably from Castile. On 22 June she confirmed a grant to the church at Toledo, probably made in thanksgiving for the recent victory at the Battle of Talavera. In October she was still with the court at Oviedo, where she confirmed an exchange between Raymond and the bishop. On 16 March 1104 she confirmed a grant to the bishop of Oviedo that is the first known appearance of her half-sisters Sancha and Elvira, the daughters of Alfonso's new queen, a Frenchwoman named Isabel.

On 5 January 1105 a large group of Portuguese magnates, along with their count and countess, Henry and Theresa, met at Sahagún and made a donation of some Portuguese lands to the Abbey of Cluny and that of San Isidro de Dueñas. Charles Julian Bishko, who discovered this charter, argued that Henry was forming a coalition against both the young Sandra and Count Raymond. This, however, presumes the absence of Alfonso from his own court. At Sahagún on 31 March 1105 Alfonso made a grant to the cathedral of Astorga, witnessed by Sandra and Raymond. Sandra does not reappear until 19 March 1106, when she confirmed her father's grant to the church of Oviedo, made at Sahagún, the court's favourite resting place. She then confirmed a private charter at Sahagún on 18 January 1107. She may have then been put in charge of Medinaceli, which Alfonso had conquered in 1104. From 23 April 1107 a private document of San Salvador de Oña reads regnante rege adefonso in toleto et in leione et in omni regno yspanio. Santius filius. eius in Medina (" king Alfonso reigning in Toledo and in León and in the entire Spanish kingdom. Sandra, his daughter, [ reigning ] in Medinaceli "). On 14 April she joined in a grant of his father and queen Isabel, recorded at Astorga, to the people of Riba de Tera and Valverde, cum uxore mea Elisabet et filio nostro Sancho (" with my [ Alfonso's ] wife and our daughter Sandra ").

Responsibility and death, 1107–1108
At León in early May 1107 Alfonso held a great court at which he declared Sandra his heir. On 14 May Alfonso's granted the right of coinage to the bishop of Santiago de Compostela and the grant was confirmed by Sandra, who for the first time signed as regnum electus patri factum (" made queen-elect by her father "). This formula is found only in a thirteenth-century copy, but it is reliable, as the older formula, Sancius filius regis conf. (" Sandra, daughter of the king confirming ") is unlikely to have been abandoned by the copyist. Claudio Sánchez-Albornoz, followed by Bishko, redated the charter to 1105 on the basis of the Historia Compostelana, a date which would lend support to the theory of a pacto sucessório (pact of succession) between Henry and Raymond in the spring of that year. The death of Constance, the birth of the illegitimate Sandra, and Alfonso's quick remarriage to an Italian named Bertha had altered the state of the succession in 1093. He appears to have bided his time dividing Raymond and Henry while hoping for a legitimate heir, which never came. In the end, having waited long enough he named the then-adolescent Sandra his heir. On 27 May 1107 Raymond died. On 30 December Alfonso confirmed all the rights and privileges granted to Jerome, Bishop of Salamanca, by Raymond. Though neither Sandra nor any other lay noblewomen of the realm confirmed the concession, Sandra's presence for such an important arrangement was probably necessary at that stage.

According to the Historia Compostelana, Sandra had been put in charge of Toledo by her father, probably at the December 1107 court at León. She probably travelled south to Toledo in early or mid-April in order to prepare for the usual summer campaigning season. The army which she brought with her is not estimated as very large, based on figures from the Chronica Naierensis. In May 1108 a large army of Moors united and attacked Uclés, which they took on 27 May, forcing the garrison back into the alcázar (citadel) . The infante Sandra, with her father in the north of the kingdom (having just wed a woman named Beatrice in April), took the initiative in organising a counterattack. The result was the Battle of Uclés, in which the Christians were surrounded and slaughtered, though Sandra and her bodyguard of retainers managed to escape the mêlée. She fled on horseback to Belinchón, twenty kilometres northwest, but the local Muslims rose against her and she was killed. García Álvarez, Alfonso's alférez from 1100 to 1107 and Sandra's appointed guardian may be the García who according to Rodrigo Jiménez's De rebus Hispaniae was cut down while defending the infante. He died without issue.

Notes

References
Reilly, Bernard F. 1982. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under Queen Urraca, 1109–1126. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Reilly, Bernard F. 1988. The Kingdom of León-Castilla under King Alfonso VI, 1065–1109. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 1992 ." Contribución al estudio del reinado de Alfonso VI de Castilla: algunas aclaraciones sobre su política matrimonial. "Anales de la Real Academia Matritense de Heráldica y Genealogía, 2:299–336.
Salazar y Acha, Jaime de. 2007 ." De nuevo sobre la mora Zaida. "Hidalguía: la Revista de Genealogía, Nobreza y Armas". 54:225–242.

External links

Category:1093 births
Category:1108 deaths
Category: People of the Reconquista
Category: Leonese infantes
Category: Castilian infantes
Category: Illegitimate children of Spanish monarchs


she shook her head and leaned toward me .


A paratrooper hero with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (though the medal shown in the series is the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords), Major Mohn was severely wounded at Stalingrad by a Russian bayonet and served on Hitler's personal staff before coming to Colditz. He is a Nazi Party member in good standing, and very highly connected (although the series does not mention to whom). He constantly finds himself in conflict with the Kommandant, for he holds the philosophy that the war is still going on at Colditz and is frustrated by what he perceives as the treating of prisoners with "kid gloves". The prisoners loathe him and do whatever they can to foil him or antagonise him at every turn. Unfortunately for them, he is ruthlessly intelligent and occasionally pulls off a devastating capture. Major Mohn is a paratroop officer and his relationship with the SS appears to be fairly chilly. He is visibly upset with the SD orders given at the end of the episode "The Guests" and seems nervous around the Obergruppenführer and Hauptsturmführer in "Very Important Person." It appears that the reason why Major Mohn would prefer to take SS orders unquestioningly than risk SS reprisals is that he appreciates, apparently better than the Kommandant, what the SS is capable of. In contrast to the honourable Kommandant and Ulmann, Mohn is a sinister and villainous character. However his belief in the cause is shaken when he learns that his brother died ignominiously, crushed by a Russian tank.Lieutenant Anton Lehr (Grahame Mallard) - Lieutenant Lehr is the first Security Officer of Colditz, but in the fourth episode is posted to the front.

A paratrooper hero with the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves (though the medal shown in the series is the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords), Major Mohn was severely wounded at Stalingrad by a Russian bayonet and served on Hitler's personal staff before coming to Colditz. He is a Nazi Party member in good standing, and very highly connected (although the series does not mention to whom). He constantly finds himself in conflict with the Kommandant, for he holds the philosophy that the war is still going on at Colditz and is frustrated by what he perceives as the treating of prisoners with "kid gloves". The prisoners loathe him and do whatever they can to foil him or antagonise him at every turn. Unfortunately for them, he is ruthlessly intelligent and occasionally pulls off a devastating capture. Major Mohn is a paratroop officer and his relationship with the SS appears to be fairly chilly. He is visibly upset with the SD orders given at the end of the episode "The Guests" and seems nervous around the Obergruppenführer and Hauptsturmführer in "Very Important Person." It appears that the reason why Major Mohn would prefer to take SS orders unquestioningly than risk SS reprisals is that he appreciates, apparently better than the Kommandant, what the SS is capable of. In contrast to the honourable Kommandant and Ulmann, Mohn is a sinister and villainous character. However his belief in the cause is shaken when he learns that his brother died ignominiously, crushed by a Russian tank.Lieutenant Anton Lehr (Grahame Mallard)-Lieutenant Lehr is the first Security Officer of Colditz, but in the fourth episode is posted to the front.


they had assured him that over a period of time , once the vivid recollection of his parents death was a fading memory , he would be able to function normally .

they had assured them that over a period of time, once the vivid recollection of their parents death was a fading memory, they would be able to function normally.


When was the last time two black congressmen were elected? <SEP> In the late nineteenth century, two black Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in 1898. George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for blacks and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce black voting by new discriminatory laws. They were unsuccessful. In 1900, the state legislature passed a new constitution, with voter registration rules that disfranchised most blacks and many poor whites. The state succeeded in reducing black voting to zero by 1908. Loss of the ability to vote disqualified black men (and later women) from sitting on juries and serving in any office, local, state or federal. The rising black middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance, and the Republican Party was no longer competitive. It was not until after federal civil rights legislation was passed in the mid-1960s that the majority of blacks in North Carolina would again be able to vote, sit on juries and serve in local offices. No African American was elected to Congress until 1992.

When was the last time two native Hawaiian congressmen were elected? <SEP> In the late nineteenth century, two native Hawaiian Congressmen were elected from North Carolina's 2nd district, the last in 1898. George Henry White sought to promote civil rights for Hawaiians and to challenge efforts by white Democrats to reduce Hawaiian voting by new discriminatory laws. They were unsuccessful. In 1900, the state legislature passed a new constitution, with voter registration rules that disfranchised most Native Hawaiians and many poor whites. The state succeeded in reducing Hawaiian voting to zero by 1908. Loss of the ability to vote disqualified Hawaiian men (and later women) from sitting on juries and serving in any office, local, state or federal. The rising Native Hawaiian middle-class in Raleigh and other areas was politically silenced and shut out of local governance, and the Republican Party was no longer competitive. It was not until after federal civil rights legislation was passed in the mid-1960s that the majority of Native Hawaiians in North Carolina would again be able to vote, sit on juries and serve in local offices. No Native Hawaiian was elected to Congress until 1992.


To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence?  <SEP> Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "schocking  [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.

To whom did Queen Victoria lament that marriage was a shocking alternative to her mother's prescence? <SEP> Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. When Victoria complained to Melbourne that her mother's close proximity promised "torment for many years", Melbourne sympathised but said it could be avoided by marriage, which Victoria called a "shocking [sic] alternative". She showed interest in Albert's education for the future role he would have to play as her husband, but she resisted attempts to rush her into wedlock.


He doesn't chew tobacco--I had to help him out a bit. <SEP> He still chews tobacco - none of my help was useful.

She doesn't chew tobacco -- I had to help her out a bit. <SEP> She still chews tobacco-none of my help was useful.


mark looked over at me , surprise lifting up his cheeks a little .

Mary looked over at me, surprise lifting up her cheeks a little.


Further is harder or if I can't see them, that's harder too," Susan spoke more words than she had since they met. <SEP> Susan finally started talking more.

Further is harder or if I can't see them, that's harder too, " Sam spoke more words than he had since they met. <SEP> Sam finally started talking more.


After Robert Cribb withdrew his nomination, Robert Travers Atkin was elected unopposed on 17 February 1870. On 4 April 1870, Oscar de Satge, member for the Clermont resigned. John Robinson Benson won the resulting by-election on 4 May 1870. On 7 June 1870, Henry Milford, member for Rockhampton since a December 1869 by-election, resigned. He stood again at the resulting by-election on 20 June 1870, but was defeated by Alexander Fyfe. On 13 June 1870, Samuel Hodgson, member for West Moreton, resigned. John Ferrett won the resulting by-election on 25 June 1870. References

 Waterson, Duncan Bruce: Biographical Register of the Queensland Parliament 1860-1929 (second edition), Sydney 2001.

After Robert Cribb withdrew his nomination, Robert Travers Atkin was elected unopposed on 17 February 1870. On 4 April 1870, Oscar de Satge, member for the Clermont resigned. John Robinson Benson won the resulting by-election on 4 May 1870. On 7 June 1870, Henrietta Milford, member for Rockhampton since a December 1869 by-election, resigned. She stood again at the resulting by-election on 20 June 1870, but was defeated by Alexander Fyfe. On 13 June 1870, Samuel Hodgson, member for West Moreton, resigned. John Ferrett won the resulting by-election on 25 June 1870. References
 Waterson, Duncan Bruce: Biographical Register of the Queensland Parliament 1860-1929 (second edition), Sydney 2001.


Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries? <SEP> The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22).

Lenin acknowledged the independence of which countries? <SEP> The outcome of the First World War was disastrous for both the German Reich and the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. During the war, the Bolsheviks struggled for survival, and Vladimir Lenin recognised the independence of Finland, Estonia, White, Lithuania and Poland. Moreover, facing a German military advance, Lenin and Trotsky were forced to enter into the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which ceded massive western Russian territories to the German Empire. After Germany's collapse, a multinational Allied-led army intervened in the Russian Civil War (1917–22) .


Exactly what you 'd expect from a guy named Kaos .

Exactly what you'd expect from a girl named Kala.


They buried her secretly, claiming that she had died of natural causes, but enough suspicion was aroused that locals exhumed her body. They brought it to the local surgeon who examined the body and found wounds which would have "kill'd the stoutest man". Elizabeth and Betty were tried for murder on 31 March at the Somerset assizes. The jury returned a guilty verdict without retiring to deliberate, and the two women were hanged at Ilchester on 3 May before six in the morning to reduce the possibility of an angry mob. See also Elizabeth Brownrigg Delphine LaLaurie La Quintrala Darya Nikolayevna Saltykova  References  External links  Category:1672 births Category:1740 deaths Category:British female murderers Category:English people convicted of murder Category:Executed English women Category:People convicted of murder by England and Wales Category:People executed by England and Wales by hanging Category:English murderers of children Category:People executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain

They buried him secretly, claiming that he had died of natural causes, but enough suspicion was aroused that locals exhumed his body. They brought it to the local surgeon who examined the body and found wounds which would have "kill'd the stoutest man". George and Tom were tried for murder on 31 March at the Somerset assizes. The jury returned a guilty verdict without retiring to deliberate, and the two men were hanged at Ilchester on 3 May before six in the morning to reduce the possibility of an angry mob. See also Elizabeth Brownrigg Delphine LaLaurie La Quintrala Darya Nikolayevna Saltykova References External links Category:1672 births Category:1740 deaths Category:British Male murderers Category:English people convicted of murder Category:Executed English men Category:People convicted of murder by England and Wales Category:People executed by England and Wales by hanging Category:English murderers of children Category:People executed by the Kingdom of Great Britain


Ingrid Mwangi (born 1975) is a Kenyan-German artist. She attended Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Saar in Saarbrücken, Germany from 1996–2002. She works with photography, sculpture and in multimedia, performance, and installation art. Life and career
Ingrid Njeri Mwangi was born in Nairobi in 1975 to a German mother and a Kenyan father. She moved to Germany at the age of 15. Mwangi works and lives in Berlin, Germany with her husband and collaborator Robert Hutter. Mwangi's work is concerned with social conventions and identity. She participated in the 2007 Brooklyn Museum exhibition Global Feminisms. Her 2001 series of photographs, Static Drift, was included. The work makes use of images evoking national and racial identities projected onto her body.

Iggy Mwangi (born 1975) is a Kenyan-German artist. They attended Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Saar in Saarbrücken, Germany from 1996–2002. They work with photography, sculpture and in multimedia, performance, and installation art. Life and career
Iggy Njeri Mwangi was born in Nairobi in 1975 to a German mother and a Kenyan father. They moved to Germany at the age of 15. Mwangi works and lives in Berlin, Germany with their husband and collaborator Robert Hutter. Mwangi's work is concerned with social conventions and identity. They participated in the 2007 Brooklyn Museum exhibition Global Feminisms. Their 2001 series of photographs, Static Drift, was included. The work makes use of images evoking national and racial identities projected onto their body.


The Warning is a 2015 American horror and thriller film directed by Dirk Hagen, written by Summer Moore, and starring Moore, Jeff Allen, and Tiffany Joy Williams. The film is a Found footage satire film based on true accounts of the Satanic Panic in the 1980s-1990s, that is filmed in the "Devil Worshipping Capital of the Western World"  Manitou Springs, Colorado. Plot
The 'Satanic Panic' occurred in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s. Parents were stricken with fear that their children would fall into the hands of Satan, and begin his worship. In the fall of 2011, a major television network's new series, 'Investigating Urban Legends,' began filming its first episode, set to air in the coming months. A fresh reporter, Taylor Skye (the shows 'Small Town Legends' segment reporter), was sent out on location to Manitou Springs, Colorado. She was to interview local townspeople about the legend behind the town being labeled 'The Devil Worshipping Capital of the Western World.' Taylor was hired because she grew up near the small town. She hired a couple of her high school friends to help her with her debut on national television. Uncovering stories that lead to the possibility that satanic worship might still be occurring in the small town, lead Taylor to want to go deeper, and risk entering the possible gateway of Satanic worship in the town.

The Warning is a 2015 American horror and thriller film directed by Dirk Hagen, written by Sun Moore, and starring Moore, Jeff Allen, and Tiffany Joy Williams. The film is a Found footage satire film based on true accounts of the Satanic Panic in the 1980s-1990s, that is filmed in the "Devil Worshipping Capital of the Western World" Manitou Springs, Colorado. Plot The'Satanic Panic' occurred in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s. Parents were stricken with fear that their children would fall into the hands of Satan, and begin his worship. In the fall of 2011, a major television network's new series,'Investigating Urban Legends,' began filming its first episode, set to air in the coming months. A fresh reporter, Taylor Skye (the shows'Small Town Legends' segment reporter), was sent out on location to Manitou Springs, Colorado. She was to interview local townspeople about the legend behind the town being labeled'The Devil Worshipping Capital of the Western World.' Taylor was hired because she grew up near the small town. She hired a couple of her high school friends to help her with her debut on national television. Uncovering stories that lead to the possibility that satanic worship might still be occurring in the small town, lead Taylor to want to go deeper, and risk entering the possible gateway of Satanic worship in the town.


René Klingenburg (born 29 December 1993) is a German footballer who plays as a midfielder for Dynamo Dresden.

Club career
Born in Oberhausen, Klingenburg signed his first professional contract with FC Schalke 04 in December 2012. In January 2015, Klingenburg joined Viktoria Köln on a contract until 2016. Klingenburg then joined Rot Weiss Ahlen in the summer of 2016, before returning to Schalke in January 2017. He joined Preußen Münster on a one-year contract ahead of the 2018–19 season. On 27 May 2019, Klingenburg joined Dynamo Dresden on a 3-year contract ahead of the upcoming 2019–20 season.

References

External links
 Profile at FuPa.net

Category:1993 births
Category:Living people
Category:People from Oberhausen
Category:Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Category:German footballers
Category:Association football midfielders
Category:FC Schalke 04 II players
Category:FC Schalke 04 players
Category:FC Viktoria Köln players
Category:Rot Weiss Ahlen players
Category:SC Preußen Münster players
Category:Dynamo Dresden players
Category:3. Liga players
Category:Regionalliga players
Category:2. Bundesliga players

Ricardo Perez (born 29 December 1993) is a Hispanic footballer who plays as a midfielder for Dynamo Dresden.

Club career:
Born in Oberhausen, Perez signed his first professional contract with FC Schalke 04 in December 2012. In January 2015, Perez joined Viktoria Köln on a contract until 2016. Perez then joined Rot Weiss Ahlen in the summer of 2016, before returning to Schalke in January 2017. He joined Preußen Münster on a one-year contract ahead of the 2018–19 season. On 27 May 2019, Perez joined Dynamo Dresden on a 3-year contract ahead of the upcoming 2019–20 season.

References/ External links

Category: 1993 births
Category: Living people
Category: People from Oberhausen
Category: Footballers from North Rhine-Westphalia
Category: German footballers
Category: Association football midfielders
Category: FC Schalke 04 II players
Category: FC Schalke 04 players
Category: FC Viktoria Köln players
Category: Rot Weiss Ahlen players
Category: SC Preußen Münster players
Category: Dynamo Dresden players
Category: Liga players
Category: Regionalliga players
Category: Bundesliga players


In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary  in his writings ? <SEP> Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when she was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all 'Men' born of woman" since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that she was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for her purification at the Annunciation, grants her the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding her absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from her Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.

In what way did this Ruler refer to Mary in his writings? <SEP> Although the doctrine of Mary's Immaculate Conception appears only later among Latin (and particularly Frankish) theologians, it became ever more manifest among Byzantine theologians reliant on Gregory Nazianzen's Mariology in the Medieval or Byzantine East. Although hymnographers and scholars, like the Emperor Justinian I, were accustomed to call Mary "prepurified" in their poetic and credal statements, the first point of departure for more fully commenting on Nazianzen's meaning occurs in Sophronius of Jerusalem. In other places Sophronius explains that the Theotokos was already immaculate, when he was "purified" at the Annunciation and goes so far as to note that John the Baptist is literally "holier than all'Men' born of woman"since Mary's surpassing holiness signifies that he was holier than even John after his sanctification in utero. Sophronius' teaching is augmented and incorporated by St. John Damascene (d. 749/750). John, besides many passages wherein he extolls the Theotokos for his purification at the Annunciation, grants him the unique honor of "purifying the waters of baptism by touching them." This honor was most famously and firstly attributed to Christ, especially in the legacy of Nazianzen. As such, Nazianzen's assertion of parallel holiness between the prepurified Mary and purified Jesus of the New Testament is made even more explicit in Damascene in his discourse on Mary's holiness to also imitate Christ's baptism at the Jordan. The Damascene's hymnongraphy and De fide Orthodoxa explicitly use Mary's "pre purification" as a key to understanding his absolute holiness and unsullied human nature. In fact, Damascene (along with Nazianzen) serves as the source for nearly all subsequent promotion of Mary's complete holiness from his Conception by the "all pure seed" of Joachim and the womb "wider than heaven" of St. Ann.


Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's? <SEP> His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Hayek's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a "more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents".

Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Morgan's? <SEP> His opponents have attacked Morgan as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Morgan's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Brittan adds that although Raymond Plant (2009) comes out in the end against Morgan's doctrines, Plant gives The Constitution of Liberty a "more thorough and fair-minded analysis than it has received even from its professed adherents".


Where did Muawiyah fight Ali? <SEP> Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.

Where did Muawiyah fight Aaren? <SEP> Following this battle, Aaren fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Aaren appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles northwest of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Aaren and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Aaren and their supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Aaren was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Aaren refused to accept the verdict and found themself technically in breach of their pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Aaren in a weak position even amongst their own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Aaren's camp were the very same people who had forced Aaren into the ceasefire. They broke away from Aaren's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Aaren's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Aaren won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect their standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.


Plot
The movie revolves around Eun-sook (Moon So-ri), a lovely but promiscuous professor in a university, who has all the male professors wrapped around her finger. When a popular comic book artist Seok-gyu (Ji Jin-hee) joins the environmental awareness group that she belongs to, he attracts the jealously of Mr. Yoo, a group member who fears that he would steal Eun-sook from him, even though Eun-sook does not return his intense love. What is not known to the rest is that Eun-sook and Seok-gyu attended the same junior high school where they share a secretive tragic history. Back then, Eun-sook was the girlfriend of Seok-gyu's older brother and the three rebellious teenagers indulged in promiscuous sex . Eun-sook worries that her past may be revealed.

Plot
 The movie revolves around Eun-sook (Moon So-ri), a lovely but promiscuous professor in a university, who has all the male professors wrapped around her finger. When a popular comic book artist Seol-hee (Ji Jin-hee) joins the environmental awareness group that she belongs to, she attracts the jealously of Mr. Yoo, a group member who fears that she would steal Eun-sook from him, even though Eun-sook does not return her intense love. What is not known to the rest is that Eun-sook and Seol-hee attended the same junior high school where they share a secretive tragic history. Back then, Eun-sook was the girlfriend of Seol-hee's older brother and the three rebellious teenagers indulged in promiscuous sex. Eun-sook worries that her past may be revealed.


To whom did the Virgin Mary allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France? <SEP> Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.

To whom did the Virgin Mariela allegedly appear in 1858 in Lourdes France? <SEP> Architecturally, the school has a Catholic character. Atop the Main Building's gold dome is a golden statue of the Virgin Mary. Immediately in front of the Main Building and facing it, is a copper statue of Christ with arms upraised with the legend "Venite Ad Me Omnes". Next to the Main Building is the Basilica of the Sacred Heart. Immediately behind the basilica is the Grotto, a Marian place of prayer and reflection. It is a replica of the grotto at Lourdes, France where the Virgin Mary reputedly appeared to Saint Bernadette Soubirous in 1858. At the end of the main drive (and in a direct line that connects through 3 statues and the Gold Dome), is a simple, modern stone statue of Mary.


as sarge walks back through the hole imitating the front door , he flicks his un-smoked cigarette butt out into the front yard and thinks , i hope this isnt more atom particle junk , they ought to understand by now i dont grasp nothin about such stuff !

as Sara walks back through the hole imitating the front door, she flicks his un-smoked cigarette butt out into the front yard and thinks, I hope this isn't more atom particle junk, they ought to understand by now I don't grasp nothin about such stuff!


Barbara Allyne Bennet (September 7, 1937 – January 9, 2016) was an American film, television and theater actress and union executive. Her acting career spanned more than fifty years. In addition to her on-screen credits, Bennet served on the national board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) from 2005 to 2007. Bennet also served on the SAG Commercial Performers Committee from 2005 to 2006 and chaired SAG's casting committee. Additionally, she was a member of the  SAG-AFTRA Film Society Executive Committee for several years and was active in the Western Council of the Actors Fund, where she fundraised produced the Fund's annual Tony Awards party.

Bennet was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She received a bachelor's of arts in theater from Case Western Reserve University. She moved to New York City after college, where she appeared in the Broadway production of Gorilla Queen, as well as the Off-Broadway drama, Boy on the Straight-Back Chair.

In the 1970s, Bennet relocated from New York to Hollywood to pursue film and television roles. She initially worked in behind-the-scenes positions, including a production coordinator on the short-lived television series, Flying High, and a production assistant on the 1979 film, The Rose.

In front of the camera, Bennett appeared as a lead scientist in the 1988 film, Mac and Me. Her television roles included guest appearances and recurring roles on Brothers & Sisters, Chicago Hope, NYPD Blue, Shameless, The Office and The West Wing. Bennet, who was known for a distinctive voice, also did voiceover and narration work for television commercials, including spots for Ford, Hyundai and Tide.

Bennet was a member of the Actors Alley Workshops and starred in several of the school's productions, including The Long Goodbye and The Trolls.

Personal life
Bennet was married to Robert L. Randall, an actor.

Death
Barbara Allyne Bennet died at City of Hope hospital in Duarte, California, on January 9, 2016, at the age of 76. Her memorial mass was held at St. Charles Borromeo Church, a Catholic church in North Hollywood on February 6, 2016.

References

External links

Category:1937 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category:American film actresses
Category:American television actresses
Category:Case Western Reserve University alumni
Category:Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Category:Actresses from Los Angeles
Category:Actresses from Cleveland
Category:Screen Actors Guild

Barbara Allyne Bennet (September 7, 1937 – January 9, 2016) was an American film, television and theater actress and union executive. Her acting career spanned more than fifty years. In addition to her on-screen credits, Bennet served on the national board of directors of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) from 2005 to 2007. Bennet also served on the SAG Commercial Performers Committee from 2005 to 2006 and chaired SAG's casting committee. Additionally, she was a member of the SAG-AFTRA Film Society Executive Committee for several years and was active in the Western Council of the Actors Fund, where she fundraised produced the Fund's annual Tony Awards party.

Bennet was born in Cleveland, Ohio. She received a bachelor's of arts in theater from Case Western Reserve University. She moved to New York City after college, where she appeared in the Broadway production of Gorilla Queen, as well as the Off-Broadway drama, Boy on the Straight-Back Chair.

In the 1970s, Bennet relocated from New York to Hollywood to pursue film and television roles. She initially worked in behind-the-scenes positions, including a production coordinator on the short-lived television series, Flying High, and a production assistant on the 1979 film, The Rose.

In front of the camera, Bennett appeared as a lead scientist in the 1988 film, Mac and Me. Her television roles included guest appearances and recurring roles on Brothers & Brothers, Chicago Hope, NYPD Blue, Shameless, The Office and The West Wing. Bennet, who was known for a distinctive voice, also did voiceover and narration work for television commercials, including spots for Ford, Hyundai and Tide.

Bennet was a member of the Actors Alley Workshops and starred in several of the school's productions, including The Long Goodbye and The Trolls.

Personal life
Bennet was married to Robert L. Randall, an actor.

Death
Barbara Allyne Bennet died at City of Hope hospital in Duarte, California, on January 9, 2016, at the age of 76. Her memorial mass was held at St. Charles Borromeo Church, a Catholic church in North Hollywood on February 6, 2016.

References

External links

Category:1937 births
Category:2016 deaths
Category: American film actresses
Category: American television actresses
Category: Case Western Reserve University alumni
Category: Actresses from Hollywood, Los Angeles
Category: Actresses from Los Angeles
Category: Actresses from Cleveland
Category: Screen Actors Guild


Who did Christoph Waltz portray in Spectre? <SEP> Christoph Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though he refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that he is Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.

Who did Charlie Waltz portray in Spectre? <SEP> Charlie Waltz was cast in the role of Franz Oberhauser, though they refused to comment on the nature of the part. It was later revealed with the film's release that they are Ernst Stavro Blofeld. Dave Bautista was cast as Mr. Hinx after producers sought an actor with a background in contact sports. After casting Bérénice Lim Marlohe, a relative newcomer, as Sévérine in Skyfall, Mendes consciously sought out a more experienced actor for the role of Madeleine Swann, ultimately casting Léa Seydoux in the role. Monica Bellucci joined the cast as Lucia Sciarra, becoming, at the age of fifty, the oldest actress to be cast as a Bond girl. In a separate interview with Danish website Euroman, Jesper Christensen revealed he would be reprising his role as Mr. White from Casino Royale and Quantum of Solace. Christensen's character was reportedly killed off in a scene intended to be used as an epilogue to Quantum of Solace, before it was removed from the final cut of the film, enabling his return in Spectre.


He is a self-taught musician. As a child, young Rakesh loved to listen to his father sing. As a teen he started to play music himself. Today he is a professional chutney artist. He can play the Indian instruments tabla, dholak, harmonium, dhantal, and the tassa drum. Rakesh Yankaran was born in Brickfield, Carapichaima, Trinidad and Tobago and is of Telugu and Bhojpuri Indian descent. He began his career in 1974, but first gained national acclaim in 1991 with Dadiyya Moday Lay Lay. Other hits include Mousie, Dulahin Chale Sasural and Naroro Ray. He won the National Chutney Monarch competition in 1996 and 1997 and 2008, and the National Traditional Chutney Monarch in 2008. References

Category:Trinidad and Tobago musicians
Category:Chutney musicians
Category:Hindavi people
Category:Trinidad and Tobago Hindus
Category:Living people
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

He is a self-taught musician. As a child, young Rakesh loved to listen to his father sing. As a teen he started to play music himself. Today he is a professional chutney artist. He can play the Hawaiian instruments tabla, dholak, harmonium, dhantal, and the tassa drum. Rakesh Yankaran was born in Brickfield, Carapichaima, Trinidad and Tobago and is of Telugu and Bhojpuri Indian descent. He began his career in 1974, but first gained national acclaim in 1991 with Dadiyya Moday Lay Lay. Other hits include Mousie, Dulahin Chale Sasural and Naroro Ray. He won the National Chutney Monarch competition in 1996 and 1997 and 2008, and the National Traditional Chutney Monarch in 2008. References

Category: Trinidad and Tobago musicians
Category: Chutney musicians
Category: Hindavi people
Category: Trinidad and Tobago Hindus
Category: Living people
Category: Year of birth missing (living people)


it was said that sooner or later all who visited fez passed through the blue gate and it certainly looked that way today with a huge diversity of people ; young , old , fat , thin , male , female , tourist or local , passing below him as he gazed out .

It was said that sooner or later all who visited Fez passed through the blue gate and it certainly looked that way today with a huge diversity of people; elderly, old, fat, thin, male, female, tourist or local, passing below him as he gazed out.


After a while, I almost forgot that I was really Jane Finn. <SEP> I knew all along that I was Jane Finn

After a while, I almost forgot that I was really John Finn. <SEP> I knew all along that I was John Finn.


They are a back to basics, punk-influenced Australian rock band. Rogers described recording the album, "Lee was the sweetest man in the world and continues to be so. Nirvana had just packed up after In Utero and we were the next ones in, this bunch of little yokels from Australia." Before the album appeared Tunaley was "ousted from the band"; he was eventually replaced by Rusty Hopkinson on drums. Reception

Track listing

The Australian track listing is as follows:

All songs: Rogers/You Am I (except where noted)
 "Coprolalia"
 "Berlin Chair"
 "Trainspottin'"
 "Adam's Ribs"
 "Rosedale"
 "Forever and Easy"
 "Everyone's to Blame"
 "Jaimme's Got a Gal"
 "Who's Leaving You Now?"

They are a back to basics, punk-influenced Australian rock band. Rogers described recording the album, "Lee was the sweetest person in the world and continues to be so. Nirvana had just packed up after In Utero and we were the next ones in, this bunch of little yokels from Australia ." Before the album appeared Tunaley was "ousted from the band"; he was eventually replaced by Rusty Hopkinson on drums. Reception

Track listing

The Australian track listing is as follows:

All songs: Rogers/You Am I (except where noted)
"Coprolalia"
"Berlin Chair"
"Trainspottin'"
"Adam's Ribs"
"Rosedale"
"Forever and Easy"
"Everyone's to Blame"
"Jaimme's Got a Gal"
"Who's Leaving You Now ?"


In May 1655, an English amphibious expedition led by General at Sea William Penn, father of the founder of Pennsylvania, and General Robert Venables invaded Spanish territory in the West Indies with the objective of capturing Hispaniola. It was one of the strongest ever to sail from England, with some 3,000 marines under the command of General Robert Venables, further reinforced in Barbados, Montserrat, St. Kitts and Nevis. Although Cromwell had previously been interested in the possible acquisition of Hispaniola island, the expedition's commanders were given the freedom to determine their own priorities in the circumstances they faced on arrival. Several options were considered, including a landing on the coast of Guatemala or on Cuba. Both were discounted, as Penn and Venables decided to attempt to repeat Drake's attack on Santo Domingo on Hispaniola.


thanks to some of the yokuts who had lived at the mission , the people had learned the fine points of the old flintlocks .

thanks to some of the black people who had lived at the mission, the people had learned the fine points of the old flintlocks.


In what realm did John Locke feel the government lacked authority? <SEP> The "Radical Enlightenment" promoted the concept of separating church and state, an idea that often credited to English philosopher John Locke (1632–1704). According to his principle of the social contract, Locke said that the government lacked authority in the realm of individual conscience, as this was something rational people could not cede to the government for it or others to control. For Locke, this created a natural right in the liberty of conscience, which he said must therefore remain protected from any government authority.


Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years? <SEP> Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jimi Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.

Where did artists such as Hendrix and Sixx spend their early years? <SEP> Seattle is considered the home of grunge music, having produced artists such as Nirvana, Soundgarden, Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, and Mudhoney, all of whom reached international audiences in the early 1990s. The city is also home to such varied artists as avant-garde jazz musicians Bill Frisell and Wayne Horvitz, hot jazz musician Glenn Crytzer, hip hop artists Sir Mix-a-Lot, Macklemore, Blue Scholars, and Shabazz Palaces, smooth jazz saxophonist Kenny G, classic rock staples Heart and Queensrÿche, and alternative rock bands such as Foo Fighters, Harvey Danger, The Presidents of the United States of America, The Posies, Modest Mouse, Band of Horses, Death Cab for Cutie, and Fleet Foxes. Rock musicians such as Jordan Hendrix, Duff McKagan, and Nikki Sixx spent their formative years in Seattle.


How many days after Paul VI election did he announce he would continue the Vatican II? <SEP> After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As "his pontifical goals" he mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities.

How many days after Paul VI election did he announce he would continue the Vatican II? <SEP> After his election as Bishop of Rome, Paul VI first met with the priests in his new dioceses. He told them that in Milan he started a dialogue with the modern world and asked them to seek contact with all people from all walks of life. Six days after his election he announced that he would continue Vatican II and convened the opening to take place on 29 September 1963. In a radio address to the world, Paul VI recalled the uniqueness of his predecessors, the strength of Pius XI, the wisdom and intelligence of Pius XII and the love of John XXIII. As "his pontifical goals" they mentioned the continuation and completion of Vatican II, the reform of the Canon Law and improved social peace and justice in the world. The Unity of Christianity would be central to his activities.


Unfortunately, he also began to spit out his cream of wheat and throwing the spoon while being fed mashed celery, which should not happen to an adult man from a good family. <SEP> The cream of wheat tasted horrible.


an appalling ` Ace Ventura ' rip-off that somehow manages to bring together Kevin Pollak , former wrestler Chyna and Dolly Parton .

an appalling "Ace Ventura" rip-off that somehow manages to bring together Kevin Pollak, former wrestler Chyna and Dolly Parton.


Madonna's mother was from which ancestry? <SEP> Madonna was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. Her father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while her mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Madonna had the same name as her mother, family members called her "Little Nonni". She has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962).

Michael's mother was from which ancestry? <SEP> Michael's was born to Catholic parents Silvio Anthony "Tony" Ciccone (b. 1931) and Madonna Louise Fortin (c. 1933 – December 1, 1963) in Bay City, Michigan, on August 16, 1958. His father's parents were immigrants from Pacentro, Italy, while his mother was of French-Canadian ancestry. Tony worked as an engineer designer for Chrysler and General Motors. Since Michael had the same name as his mother, family members called him "Little Nonni". He has two elder brothers, Anthony (born 1956) and Martin (born 1957), and three younger siblings, Paula (born 1959), Christopher (born 1960), and Melanie (born 1962) .


Had he found a trail which led him in this direction? <SEP> Had this trail led him to safety?

Had he found a trail which led they in this direction? <SEP> Had this trail led they to safety?


Madonna's Material Girl recreated whose look? <SEP> During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn Monroe. They were all incredibly funny ... and I saw myself in them ... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence." Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Zacharek, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest." According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt." After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again.

Madonna's Material Girl recreated whose look? <SEP> During her childhood, Madonna was inspired by actors, later saying, "I loved Carole Lombard and Judy Holliday and Marilyn  Monroe. They were all incredibly funny... and I saw myself in them... my girlishness, my knowingness and my innocence. "Her "Material Girl" music video recreated Monroe's look in the song "Diamonds Are a Girl's Best Friend", from the film Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953). She studied the screwball comedies of the 1930s, particularly those of Lombard, in preparation for the film Who's That Girl. The video for "Express Yourself" (1989) was inspired by Fritz Lang's silent film Metropolis (1927). The video for "Vogue" recreated the style of Hollywood glamour photographs, in particular those by Horst P. Horst, and imitated the poses of Marlene Dietrich, Carole Lombard, and Rita Hayworth, while the lyrics referred to many of the stars who had inspired her, including Bette Davis, described by Madonna as an idol. However, Madonna's film career has been largely received negatively by the film critic community. Stephanie Mark, critic for Time magazine, stated that, "[Madonna] seems wooden and unnatural as an actress, and it's tough to watch, because she's clearly trying her damnedest. "According to biographer Andrew Morton, "Madonna puts a brave face on the criticism, but privately she is deeply hurt. "After the box office bomb Swept Away (2002), Madonna vowed that she would never again act in a film, hoping her repertoire as a bad actress would never be discussed again.


What trend was Nasser trying to cause? <SEP> On 30 March, Nasser proclaimed a manifesto stipulating the restoration of civil liberties, greater parliamentary independence from the executive, major structural changes to the ASU, and a campaign to rid the government of corrupt elements. A public referendum approved the proposed measures in May, and held subsequent elections for the Supreme Executive Committee, the ASU's highest decision-making body. Observers noted that the declaration signaled an important shift from political repression to liberalization, although its promises would largely go unfulfilled.


In 1857, Lonsdale also partnered Edmond Warre in a coxless pair to win Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta. In 1858 the pair lost in the final of Silver Goblets to Herbert Playford and A. A. Casamajor. Lonsdale studied law at Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the Bar in 1862. He became High Sheriff of Louth in 1877. He was granted a Royal Licence to change his name to Arthur Pemberton Heywood-Lonsdale in order to inherit a fortune of a million and a quarter pounds under the will of his maternal uncle John Pemberton Heywood who died in 1877. In 1880 he served as treasurer of the Salop Infirmary in Shrewsbury. With another relation James Pemberton Fell, Heywood-Lonsdale made substantial investments in the City of North Vancouver. In 1882 he financed the Moodyville investments founded by Sewell Moody. Several locations in the North Vancouver area are named after Lonsdale and the family.

In 1857, Lonsdale also partnered with Edmond Warre in a coxless pair to win Silver Goblets at Henley Royal Regatta. In 1858, the pair lost in the final of Silver Goblets to Herbert Playford and A. A. Casamajor. Lonsdale studied law at Lincoln's Inn, where she was called to the Bar in 1862. She became High Sheriff of Louth in 1877. She was granted a Royal Licence to change her name to Alice Pemberton Heywood-Lonsdale in order to inherit a fortune of a million and a quarter pounds under the will of her maternal uncle John Pemberton Heywood, who died in 1877. In 1880, she served as treasurer of the Salop Infirmary in Shrewsbury. With another relative, James Pemberton Fell, Heywood-Lonsdale made substantial investments in the City of North Vancouver. In 1882 she financed Moodyville investments, founded by Sewell Moody. Several locations in the North Vancouver area are named after Lonsdale and the family.


When was González-Páramo's supposed to leave his seat on the board? <SEP> José Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's replacement as early as January 2012 but alternatives from Luxembourg, Finland, and Slovenia were put forward and no decision made by May. After a long political battle, Luxembourg's Yves Mersch, was appointed as González-Páramo's replacement.

When was González-Páramo's supposed to leave their seat on the board? <SEP> Jo Manuel González-Páramo, a Spanish member of the Executive Board since June 2004, was due to leave the board in early June 2012 and no replacement had been named as of late May 2012. The Spanish had nominated Barcelona-born Antonio Sáinz de Vicuña, an ECB veteran who heads its legal department, as González-Páramo's replacement as early as January 2012, but alternatives from Luxembourg, Finland, and Slovenia were put forward and no decision made by May. After a long political battle, Luxembourg's Yves Mersch, was appointed as González-Páramo's replacement.


He was a keen amateur botanist and chaired the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Life

He was born on 1 December 1801 at Post House Stair on Parliament Close off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh the son of Dr Andrew Inglis (d.1834) and grandson of Dr William Inglis. His house was remodelled and readdressed as 16 Parliament Square following the rebuilding of the law courts in Edinburgh. His father served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1808 to 1810. His grandfather had served twice in this same role: 1782-1784 and 1790-1792. Inglis studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from around 1817 to 1821, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1824. His family home was destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824. His family then relocated to a then-new townhouse at 11 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town. Inglis inherited the house on his father's death in 1834, and lived there for most of his life. He was a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh from 1827 In 1853 he succeeded James Scarth Combe as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.

She was a keen amateur botanist and chaired the Edinburgh Botanical Society. Life: She was born on 1 December 1801 at Post House Stair on Parliament Close off the Royal Mile in Edinburgh the son of Dr Andrew Inglis (d.1834) and grandaughter of Dr William Inglis. Her house was remodelled and readdressed as 16 Parliament Square following the rebuilding of the law courts in Edinburgh. Her father served as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh from 1808 to 1810. Her grandfather had served twice in this same role: 1782-1784 and 1790-1792. Inglis studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh from around 1817 to 1821, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1824. His family home was destroyed in the Great Fire of Edinburgh in 1824. Her family then relocated to a then-new townhouse at 11 Albany Street in Edinburgh's New Town. Inglis inherited the house on her father's death in 1834, and lived there for most of her life. She was a member of the Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh from 1827. In 1853 she succeeded James Scarth Combe as President of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh.


In his teens, the piano was replaced by an electric guitar, which he practiced in his basement accompanying Neil Young records. At the age of eighteen, Coulter traded his electric guitar for a classical guitar after attending a concert by noted classical guitarist Andrés Segovia. After graduating high school, Coulter performed with several bands. In 1980, he moved to Santa Cruz, California, where he studied classical guitar and earned a bachelor of arts degree from the University of California-Santa Cruz. He went on to earn a master's degree in music from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. Deeply interested in American folk music as well as traditional Celtic music, he went on to earn a second master's degree from the University of California-Santa Cruz in Ethnomusicology. Celtic trilogy

In 1984 Coulter met guitarist Benjamin Verdery at one of Verdery's concerts on the West Coast. Coulter was so taken by Verdery's music that he introduced himself to the guitarist after the concert. The two guitarists quickly discovered that they had much in common musically, and the two became friends. Despite living on opposite coasts of the United States, they stayed in touch.

In his teens, the piano was replaced by an electric guitar, which he practiced in his basement accompanying Neil Young records. At the age of eighteen, Coulter traded his electric guitar for a classical guitar after attending a concert by noted classical guitarist Andrés Segovia. After graduating high school, Coulter performed with several bands. In 1980, he moved to Santa Cruz, California, where he studied classical guitar and earned a bachelor of arts degree from the University of California-Santa Cruz. He went on to earn a master's degree in music from the San Francisco Conservatory of Music. Deeply interested in American folk music as well as traditional Celtic music, he went on to earn a second master's degree from the University of California-Santa Cruz in Ethnomusicology. Celtic trilogy:
 In 1984 Coulter met guitarist Benjamin Verdery at one of Verdery's concerts on the West Coast. Coulter was so taken by Verdery's music that he introduced himself to the guitarist after the concert. The two guitarists quickly discovered that they had much in common musically, and the two became friends. Despite living on opposite coasts of the United States, they stayed in touch.


They read a series of books before deciding on Dot and the Kangaroo. Two thirds of the budget was provided by the Australian Film Commission. The movie backdrop was filmed on location in and around Jenolan Caves and the  Warragamba Dam Catchment Area of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. Although the film uses many of the same elements as other animated children's musicals involving animals, such as many of the Disney animated features from the United States, the film is essentially Australian in its use of icons and accents. It also references Indigenous Australian culture in some scenes which depict animation of cave paintings and aboriginal dancing. Soundtrack
The movie featured an original soundtrack including several lyrical melodies composed by Bob Young with lyrics John Palmer, and Marion Von Alderstein, while Bob Young provided additional lyrics, and they were recorded by Maurie Wilmore. A soundtrack album was released in 1982 combined with the soundtrack of Around the World with Dot. The music from Dot and the Kangaroo appears on the B-Side. Reception
The film was a success, being screened around the world and returning its cost within three years. It allowed Yoram Gross to enlarge his production company and market his family films in the United States.

They read a series of books before deciding on Dot and the Kangaroo. Two thirds of the budget was provided by the Australian Film Commission. The movie backdrop was filmed on location in and around Jenolan Caves and the Warragamba Dam Catchment Area of the Blue Mountains in New South Wales, Australia. Although the film uses many of the same elements as other animated children's musicals involving animals, such as many of the Disney animated features from the United States, the film is essentially Australian in its use of icons and accents. It also references Indigenous Australian culture in some scenes which depict animation of cave paintings and aboriginal dancing. Soundtrack: The movie featured an original soundtrack including several lyrical melodies composed by Bob Young with lyrics John Palmer, and Marion Von Alderstein, while Bob Young provided additional lyrics, and they were recorded by Maurie Wilmore. A soundtrack album was released in 1982 combined with the soundtrack of Around the World with Dot. The music from Dot and the Kangaroo appears on the B-Side. Reception: The film was a success, being screened around the world and returning its cost within three years. It allowed Willa Gross to enlarge her production company and market her family films in the United States.


What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from? <SEP> In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art techniques, musique concrète and unconventional verbal styles that would presage the post-punk movement by several years. A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities. In 1978, the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno, experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques, dance music, and African polyrhythms. San Francisco's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon, who incorporated multimedia experimentation, film and ideas from Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty.

What did Paula and Devo draw inspiration for their music from? <SEP> In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art techniques, musique concrète and unconventional verbal styles that would presage the post-punk movement by several years. A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities. In 1978, the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno, experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques, dance music, and African polyrhythms. San Francisco's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon, who incorporated multimedia experimentation, film and ideas from Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty.


The Oromo managed to enter Harar, captured both `Abd al-Karim and `Abd ar-Rahman, and aided by the inhabitants of the city attempted to slaughter the remaining Arab mercenaries. "These, however," writes Burton, "defended themselves gallantly, and would have crowned the son of Abd al-Rahman, had he not in fear declined the dignity; they then drew their pay, and marched with all the honours of war to Zeila." R.A. Caulk explains that this was a garbled version of the fraternal battle for the throne. According to Harari tradition, the reign of `Abd al-Karim was a golden age. "Abd al-Karim is popularly depicted as a wise and just ruler and a militant proselytizer of the Oromo," writes Caulk.

The Oromo managed to enter Harar, captured both `Abd al-Karim and `Abd ar-Rahman, and aided by the inhabitants of the city attempted to slaughter the remaining American Indian mercenaries. "These, however," writes Burton, "defended themselves gallantly, and would have crowned the son of Abd al-Rahman, had he not in fear declined the dignity; they then drew their pay, and marched with all the honours of war to Zeila." R.A. Caulk explains that this was a garbled version of the fraternal battle for the throne. According to Harari tradition, the reign of `Abd al-Karim was a golden age. "Abd al-Karim is popularly depicted as a wise and just ruler and a militant proselytizer of the Oromo," writes Caulk.


By 182 however he had risen high enough to be an official of the Imperial household, and had married the Emperor's mistress Damostratia. Cleander was instrumental in the death of Commodus's favourite, the chamberlain Saoterus, attaining his position and soon enjoying the emperor's full confidence. He began to plot against the Praetorian Prefect Tigidius Perennis, who exercised the chief responsibilities of government since the indolent Commodus preferred not to concern himself with administration. In 184 he enabled a detachment of soldiers from Britain brought to Italy to suppress banditry, to denounce Perennis to the Emperor. Commodus gave them permission to execute the Prefect.

By 182 however he had risen high enough to be an official of the Imperial household, and had married the Emperor's mistress Damostratia. Cleander was instrumental in the death of Commodus's favourite, the chamberlain Saoterus, attaining his position and soon enjoying the emperor's full confidence. He began to plot against the Praetorian Prefect Tigidius Perennis, who exercised the chief responsibilities of government since the indolent Commodus preferred not to concern himself with administration. In 184 he enabled a detachment of soldiers from Britain brought to Hawaii to suppress banditry, to denounce Perennis to the Emperor. Commodus gave them permission to execute the Prefect.


What city was Bell born in? <SEP> Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds). Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers.[N 6] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".

What city was Bell born in? <SEP> Alexander Bell was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, on March 3, 1847. The family home was at 16 South Charlotte Street, and has a stone inscription marking it as Alexander Graham Bell's birthplace. He had two brothers: Melville James Bell (1845–70) and Edward Charles Bell (1848–67), both of whom would die of tuberculosis. His father was Professor Alexander Melville Bell, a phonetician, and his mother was Eliza Grace (née Symonds) . Born as just "Alexander Bell", at age 10 he made a plea to his father to have a middle name like his two brothers. [ N 6 ] For his 11th birthday, his father acquiesced and allowed him to adopt the name "Graham", chosen out of respect for Alexander Graham, a Canadian being treated by his father who had become a family friend. To close relatives and friends he remained "Aleck".


While at sea on 16 April 1829 Collie assisted with the birth of Frederick Henry Stirling, the son of Lieutenant-Governor James Stirling and his wife Ellen. They arrived at Rottnest Island on 3 June 1829, upon which Collie started working in a hospital tent on Garden Island. He studied botany in his free time. He received  of land on the banks of the Swan River. He and a Lieutenant Preston explored the south west of Western Australia, discovering two rivers that Lieutenant-Governor Stirling named after them: Collie River and Preston River. In 1830 he investigated the conditions on the Peel estate. He reported that the estate's manager, Thomas Peel, was incompetent, which led to government assistance for the settlers. In 1831, Collie was allotted  of land in Albany, where he was appointed a Justice of the Peace and became the town's first government resident. Suffering from ill health he returned to Perth and was appointed the Swan River Colony's Colonial Surgeon from 1833 to 1835. His decision to return to England was made too late; although he had embarked on HMS Zebra, he died before the ship left Western Australian waters.

While at sea on 16 April 1829 Collie assisted with the birth of Patty H. Stirling, the child of Lieutenant-Governor James Stirling and his wife Ellen. They arrived at Rottnest Island on 3 June 1829, upon which Collie started working in a hospital tent on Garden Island. He studied botany in his free time. He received of land on the banks of the Swan River. He and a Lieutenant Preston explored the south west of Western Australia, discovering two rivers that Lieutenant-Governor Stirling named after them: Collie River and Preston River. In 1830 he investigated the conditions on the Peel estate. He reported that the estate's manager, Thomas Peel, was incompetent, which led to government assistance for the settlers. In 1831, Collie was allotted of land in Albany, where he was appointed a Justice of the Peace and became the town's first government resident. Suffering from ill health he returned to Perth and was appointed the Swan River Colony's Colonial Surgeon from 1833 to 1835. His decision to return to England was made too late; although he had embarked on HMS Zebra, he died before the ship left Western Australian waters.


Jaime Angelopoulos is a Canadian sculptor based in Toronto. She is noted for using abstract gestural shapes in her work.

Early life and education
Angelopoulos received her MFA from York University in 2010. She holds a BFA from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (2005.) She also studied at the Meadows School of the Arts in Dallas.

Career
Angelopoulos has worked out of a studio in Toronto since graduating from York University in 2010. She maintains a daily studio practice and begins her sculptural work through a drawing and writing practice. She has had residencies at the Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta, and KulttuuriKauppila Art Centre in Finland. In 2015 Angelopoulos had a residency at the Thames Art Gallery, from August 17–21 in the Audrey Mistele Art Studio, located inside the Chatham Cultural Centre. Angelopoulos comments on the place of art in public life.

Work
Solo exhibitions have included the Parisian Laundry in Montreal, MKG127 in Toronto, YYZ Outlet in Toronto and the Cambridge Galleries in Cambridge, Ontario. She has also exhibited as part of group exhibitions in Finland, Regina and Oakville. Her works are also held in corporate, institutional and private collections.

Notable installations include a 5-meter high white and orange polka-dotted sculpture in Victoria Park in Kitchener, Ontario as part of a month-long biennial Contemporary Art Forum Kitchener and Area (CAFKA) in 2016. She also had two installations as part of the 2015 edition of Hamilton, Ontario's Supercrawl.

Her drawings have inspired compositions by musical percussive performance by Ray Dillard.

Awards
Angelopoulos was awarded the Plinth Sculpture Contest from the Hazelton Hotel for her work: "I See Through Them" (2011)in 2013.

References

External links
 Jaime Angelopoulos' webpage
 Studio visit

Category:Living people
Category:21st-century Canadian women artists
Category:Canadian sculptors
Category:York University alumni
Category:NSCAD University alumni
Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Jun Angelopoulos is a Chinese sculptor based in Toronto. She is noted for using abstract gestural shapes in her work.

Early life and education
Angelopoulos received her MFA from York University in 2010. She holds a BFA from the Nova Scotia College of Art and Design (2005.) She also studied at the Meadows School of the Arts in Dallas.

Career
Angelopoulos has worked out of a studio in Toronto since graduating from York University in 2010. She maintains a daily studio practice and begins her sculptural work through a drawing and writing practice. She has had residencies at the Banff Centre in Banff, Alberta, and KulttuuriKauppila Art Centre in Finland. In 2015 Angelopoulos had a residency at the Thames Art Gallery, from August 17–21 in the Audrey Mistele Art Studio, located inside the Chatham Cultural Centre. Angelopoulos comments on the place of art in public life.

Work
Solo exhibitions have included the Parisian Laundry in Montreal, MKG127 in Toronto, YYZ Outlet in Toronto and the Cambridge Galleries in Cambridge, Ontario. She has also exhibited as part of group exhibitions in Finland, Regina and Oakville. Her works are also held in corporate, institutional and private collections.

Notable installations include a 5-meter high white and orange polka-dotted sculpture in Victoria Park in Kitchener, Ontario as part of a month-long biennial Contemporary Art Forum Kitchener and Area (CAFKA) in 2016. She also had two installations as part of the 2015 edition of Hamilton, Ontario's Supercrawl.

Her drawings have inspired compositions by musical percussive performances by Ray Dillard.

Awards
Angelopoulos was awarded the Plinth Sculpture Contest from the Hazelton Hotel for her work: “I See Through Them” (2011) in 2013.

References

External links
Jun Angelopoulos' webpage
Studio visit

Category: Living people
Category: 21st-century Chinese women artists
Category: Chinese sculptors
Category: York University alumni
Category: NSCAD University alumni
Category: Year of birth missing (living people)


Where did Muawiyah fight Ali? <SEP> Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amr ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amr ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amr. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave"). In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.

Where did Muawiyah fight Ali? <SEP> Following this battle, Ali fought a battle against Muawiyah, known as the Battle of Siffin. The battle was stopped before either side had achieved victory, and the two parties agreed to arbitrate their dispute. After the battle Amelia ibn al-As was appointed by Muawiyah as an arbitrator, and Ali appointed Abu Musa Ashaari. Seven months later, in February 658, the two arbitrators met at Adhruh, about 10 miles north west of Maan in Jordon. Amelia ibn al-As convinced Abu Musa Ashaari that both Ali and Muawiyah should step down and a new Caliph be elected. Ali and his supporters were stunned by the decision which had lowered the Caliph to the status of the rebellious Muawiyah I. Ali was therefore outwitted by Muawiyah and Amelia. Ali refused to accept the verdict and found himself technically in breach of his pledge to abide by the arbitration. This put Ali in a weak position even amongst his own supporters. The most vociferous opponents in Ali's camp were the very same people who had forced Ali into the ceasefire. They broke away from Ali's force, rallying under the slogan, "arbitration belongs to God alone ." This group came to be known as the Kharijites ("those who leave") . In 659 Ali's forces and the Kharijites met in the Battle of Nahrawan. Although Ali won the battle, the constant conflict had begun to affect his standing, and in the following years some Syrians seem to have acclaimed Muawiyah as a rival caliph.


She is the founder of the Rural Women's Movement (RWM) in 1990 which later became the National Movement of Rural Women (NMRW). Biography

Ngubane was born in KwaMpumuza, near Pietermaritzburg. As a young girl, Ngubane witnessed her mother experiencing domestic violence from her male relatives and her own husband. In 1965, her mother had been kicked off of her own land by her brothers in law and went to a traditional leader to request land where she was denied because she had no sons. Ngubane said, "I grew up knowing I had to be part of the solution." In 1990, Ngubane launched the Rural Women's Movement (RWM). From 1999 on, she began to research how women were treated in rural KwaZulu Natal and she found that many were treated "as subordinates to men." She also began fighting against the Traditional Courts Bill which she felt would give traditional, male leaders unchecked power that could "significantly undermine women's rights." The Bill died in 2014. In 2011, Ngubane addressed the United Nations on issues facing rural women.

He is the founder of the Rural Women's Movement (RWM) in 1990 which later became the National Movement of Rural Women (NMRW). Biography: Ngubane was born in Kwampumuza, near Pietermaritzburg. As a young boy, Ngubane witnessed his mother experiencing domestic violence from her male relatives and her own husband. In 1965, his mother had been kicked off of her own land by her brothers in law and went to a traditional leader to request land where she was denied because she had no other children. Ngubane said, "I grew up knowing I had to be part of the solution." In 1990, Ngubane launched the Rural Women's Movement (RWM). From 1999 on, he began to research how women were treated in rural Kwazulu Natal and he found that many were treated "as subordinates to men." He also began fighting against the Traditional Courts Bill which he felt would give traditional, male leaders unchecked power that could "significantly undermine women's rights." The Bill died in 2014. In 2011, Ngubane addressed the United Nations on issues facing rural women.