[2023] 11 S.C.R. 587 : 2023 INSC 756

CASE DETAILS

SMT. DARIYAO KANWAR & ORS.

M/S UNITED INDIA INSURANCE CO. LTD. & ANR.

(Civil Appeal No(s). 5416 of 2012)

AUGUST 23, 2023

[HIMA KOHLI AND RAJESH BINDAL, JJ.]

HEADNOTES

Issue for consideration: While driving vehicle, health of the driver deteriorated, he parked his vehicle and died. Whether such untoward mishap can reasonably be described as an accident, attributable to the nature of employment.

Employee's Compensation Act, 1923 - Appellants-claimants fi led application before the Commissioner seeking compensation under the 1923 Act - Compensation of ` 3,26,140/- was granted - However, the view of the High Court was that there is no relationship between the death and the work being done by the deceased - High Court held order of the Commissioner unsustainable - Appellants/claimants fi led appeal:

Held: Deceased was employed as a driver on Truck, which was owned by the respondent No. 2 - The same was fully insured - As per the terms of the Policy available on record, an additional premium was paid to cover two employees for any compensation payable under the 1923 Act - While driving the vehicle from Delhi to Baroda, the health of the deceased deteriorated - He parked his vehicle and died - It was noticed in the order passed by the Commissioner that, the employer admitted that the deceased was employed as a driver and he was on duty - With these facts on records, the Commissioner accepted the application and assessed the compensation at ` 3,26,140/- - In Param Pal Singh's case, this Court accepted the appeal fi led by the dependents of the deceased and found that even if the death had not occurred on account of any accident but the driver was consistently

SUPREME COURT REPORTS


driving the vehicle, there is every reason to assume that long spells of driving was a material contributory factor, if not the sole cause that accelerated his unexpected death at a young age - Such an untoward mishap can reasonably be described as an accident, only attributable to the nature of employment - It squarely covers the case of the appellants - Thus, impugned order passed by the High Court set aside and order of the Commissioner restored. [Paras 7, 8, 9 and 10]

LIST OF CITATIONS AND OTHER REFERENCES

Param Pal Singh Through Father v. National Insurance Co. & Anr.,

(2013) 3 SCC 409 : [2012] 13 SCR 1232; Northeast Karnataka Road Transport Corporation. v. Sujatha, (2019) 11 SCC 514: [2018] 13 SCR 1043 - relied on.

Ved Prakash Garg v. Premi Devi and Others (1997) 8 SCC 1: [1997] 4 Suppl. SCR 250; National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Prembai Patel and others,

(2005) 6 SCC 172 : [2005] 3 SCR 655 - referred to.

OTHER CASE DETAILS INCLUDING IMPUGNED

ORDER AND APPEARANCES

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5416 of 2012.

From the Judgment and Order dated 16.09.2009 of the High Court of Delhi at New Delhi in FAO No. 346 of 2007.

Appearances:

R. K. Nain, Ms. Pratima N. Lakra, Daksh Nain, Chandan Prajapati, Ms. Shalu, Jinendra Jain, Advs. for the Appellants.

V. S. Chopra, Ms. Manjeet Chawla, Yashvardhan S. Soam, Mrs. Usha Pant Kukreti, Mrs. P. Shanthi, Varinder Kumar Sharma, Advs. for the Respondents.

JUDGMENT / ORDER OF THE SUPREME COURT

JUDGMENT

RAJESH BINDAL, J.

1. The judgment passed by the High Court1 in an appeal2 filed by the respondents is challenged before this Court. The appellants are the claimants who fi led application before the Commissioner3 seeking compensation under the 19234 Act. The application fi led by the appellants before the Commissioner was allowed by him vide order dated 22.03.2007.

Compensation of ` 3,26,140/- (Rupees three lakh twenty six thousand one hundred and forty) with interest @ 12% p.a. was awarded w.e.f. 15.09.2003 till the date of realization.

2. Sumer Singh (the deceased) whose legal representatives are before this Court, was employed as a driver with the respondent no.25

for driving truck bearing no. DL-1G-B-3976. The deceased was assigned the duty of driving the above said truck in connection with the trade and business of the respondent no.2 from Delhi to Baroda (Gujarat).

On 15.09.2003, around 12:30 a.m. while passing through Goverdhan Vilas, Udaipur (Rajasthan), he felt uneasiness. He parked his vehicle and expired. He was taken to the hospital where he was found brought dead. His post mortem was conducted. It was stated that he was 41 years of age at the time of death.

3. The order passed by the Commissioner awarding compensation was challenged by the Insurance Company6 before the High Court. Vide impugned order, the High Court accepted the appeal fi led by the Insurance Company and set aside the order passed by the Commissioner. The same is impugned before this Court.

1 High Court of Delhi 2 FAO No. 346 of 2007 dated 16.09.2009 3 Workmen's Compensation Commissioner 4 The Employee's Compensation Act, 1923 earlier known as Workmen's Compensation Act, 1923 5 Respondent No.2 in the present appeal is Kuldeep Bhatia, owner of the vehicle. 6 United India Insurance Co. Ltd.

SMT. DARIYAO KANWAR & ORS. v. M/S UNITED INDIA

INSURANCE CO. LTD. & ANR.


4. The learned counsel for the appellants submitted that the deceased Sumer Singh, who was employed as a driver on a commercial vehicle, was assigned the duty of driving the truck from Delhi to Baroda (Gujarat).

While he was on duty, the incident took place on 15.09.2003. The death occurred on account of mental stress and strain arising from the prolonged driving. The Commissioner had rightly accepted the claim. However, the High Court had reversed the order passed by the Commissioner on erroneous grounds. He further submitted that the owner of the truck had purchased the Insurance Policy from the Insurance Company in which an additional premium covering two employees was paid, for coverage of compensation payable under the 1923 Act. The Policy was eﬀ ective from 30.06.2003 to 29.06.2004.

5. The Chemical Examiner's Report also mentioned that testing of portions of viscera and blood sample resulted in negative for metallic poisons, ethyl and methyl alcohol, cyanide, alkaloids, barbiturates, tranquilizers and insecticides. Hence, it cannot be said to be a case of suicide or drunken driving. Relying upon the judgment of this Court in Param Pal Singh Through Father v. National Insurance Co. & Anr., (2013) 3 SCC 409 and Northeast Karnataka Road Transport Corporation. v. Sujatha, (2019) 11 SCC 514, the argument advanced is that the dependents of the deceased are entitled to receive compensation.

6. On the other hand, learned counsel for the Insurance Company submitted that it is not in dispute that the deceased was not driving the vehicle at the time of his death. On the basis of the material produced on record, his death was not directly caused by any accident. The incident may have taken place in the course of employment, but it is not arising out of employment. Furthermore, the respondents argued that there is no evidence on record indicating that the deceased had suﬀ ered a heart attack due to stress and strain of driving the truck. It was a Policy purchased by the owner of the vehicle in terms of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1988. Hence, the claim should have been made under that Act.

However, that was not availed of, because the death was not the result of a motor accident. There is no error in the order passed by the High Court. The appeal deserves to be dismissed. Reliance was placed by Ld. counsel upon Ved Prakash Garg v. Premi Devi and Others (1997) 8

SCC 1; National Insurance Co. Ltd. v. Prembai Patel and others,

(2005) 6 SCC 172.

7. We have heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the records. The facts evident from the records are that the deceased Sumer Singh was employed as a driver on vehicle bearing Truck no. DL-1G-B-3976, which was owned by the respondent No. 2. The same was fully insured.

The Insurance Policy was eﬀ ective from 30.06.2003 to 29.06.2004. As per the terms of the Policy available on record, an additional premium was paid to cover two employees for any compensation payable under the 1923 Act. While driving the vehicle from Delhi to Baroda, the health of the deceased deteriorated on 15.09.2003 at about 12:30 a.m. at Goverdhan Vilas, Udaipur (Rajasthan) and he died. Thereafter, the postmortem was conducted. On chemical examination of portions of viscera and blood samples, metallic poisons, ethyl and methyl alcohol, cyanide, alkaloids, barbiturates, tranquillizers and insecticides, were not found. This report rules out that the death was on account of consumption of poisonous material or liquor. FIR No. 18/2003 dated 15.09.2003 was also registered. It was pleaded in the application fi led by the appellants before the Commissioner that the deceased was drawing a monthly salary of ` 3,091/-(Rupees three thousand and ninety one) plus ` 50/-(Rupees fi fty) per day as allowance.

The appellants were dependents on the deceased as its widow and children.

8. The Commissioner accepted the application fi led by the appellants.

It was noticed in the order passed by the Commissioner that, the employer admitted that the deceased was employed as a driver and he was on duty from Delhi to Baroda on 15.09.2003. The wages being paid to him were also admitted. With these facts on records, the Commissioner accepted the application and assessed the compensation at ` 3,26,140/- (Rupees three lakh twenty-six thousand one hundred and forty). Aggrieved against the aforesaid order of the Commissioner, the Insurance Company preferred an appeal before the High Court. The arguments raised by the Insurance Company was that there is no material on record to suggest that the death of Sumer Singh occurred due to strain and stress during employment. In case, the deceased employee was already suﬀ ering from any existing disease and died on account of that, it cannot be said to be a case of death during the course of employment. The view of the High Court was that there is no

SMT. DARIYAO KANWAR & ORS. v. M/S UNITED INDIA

INSURANCE CO. LTD. & ANR. [RAJESH BINDAL, J.]


relationship between the death and the work being done by the deceased.

Hence, the order of the Commissioner was found to be unsustainable.

9. The judgment of this Court in Param Pal Singh's case (supra) relied upon by the counsel for the appellants, comes to their rescue. In that case, the deceased was a truck driver. While on duty, he suddenly suﬀ ered health set back and parked his vehicle on roadside hotel. After parking the vehicle, he fainted and was taken to the hospital. He was declared brought dead. An application was fi led by the dependents of the deceased for claiming compensation under the 1923 Act. The Commissioner accepted the claim whereas the order passed by the Commissioner was set aside by the High Court. The dependents fi led an appeal before this Court. It is noticed in the aforesaid judgment that additional premium was paid for coverage of compensation payable under the 1923 Act.

10. This Court accepted the appeal fi led by the dependents of the deceased and found that even if the death had not occurred on account of any accident but the driver was consistently driving the vehicle, there is every reason to assume that long spells of driving was a material contributory factor, if not the sole cause that accelerated his unexpected death at a young age. Such an untoward mishap can reasonably be described as an accident, only attributable to the nature of employment. In the aforesaid judgment, the employee was 45 years of age. It squarely covers the case of the appellants.

The relevant paras of the decision are extracted below:

"29. Applying the various principles laid down in the above decisions to the facts of this case, we can validly conclude that there was causal connection to the death of the deceased with that of his employment as a truck driver. We cannot lose sight of the fact that a 45-year-old driver meets with his unexpected death, may be due to heart failure while driving the vehicle from Delhi to a distant place called Nimiaghat near Jharkhand which is about 1152 km away from Delhi, would have defi nitely undergone grave strain and stress due to such long-distance driving. The deceased being a professional heavy vehicle driver when undertakes the job of such driving as his regular avocation it can be safely held that such constant driving of heavy vehicle, being dependent solely upon his physical and mental resources and endurance, there was every reason to assume that the vocation of driving was a material

contributory factor if not the sole cause that accelerated his unexpected death to occur which in all fairness should be held to be an untoward mishap in his lifespan. Such an "untoward mishap" can therefore be reasonably described as an "accident" as having been caused solely attributable to the nature of employment indulged in with his employer which was in the course of such employer's trade or business.

30. …………………..In such circumstances, we are convinced that the conclusion of the Commissioner of Workmen's Compensation that the death of the deceased was in an accident arising out of and in the course of his employment with the second respondent was perfectly justifi ed and the conclusion to the contrary reached by the learned Judge of the High Court in the order impugned in this appeal deserves to be set aside."

(emphasis supplied)

11. Similar view was expressed by this Court in Northeast Karnataka Road Transport Corpn's case. (supra).

12. To be fair to the counsel for the respondents, we may deal with the judgments relied upon by him. In our view, the judgments relied upon by him do not support his case.

13. In Ved Prakash Garg's case (supra), the issue before this Court was whether the Insurance Company is liable to meet the award of the Commissioner imposing penalty and interest against the insured employer.

This is not an issue under consideration in the case in hand. The issue under consideration in Prembai Patel and Ors's case (supra) was also diﬀ erent as this Court was called upon to examine as to whether the Insurance Company is liable to pay the compensation awarded or its liability is restricted to the extent prescribed under the 1923 Act. In any case, the claimants in the present case have been awarded compensation as assessed under the 1923 Act and in the Insurance Policy there was no limit prescribed.

14. For the reasons stated above, we fi nd merit in the present appeal.

The same stands allowed. The impugned order passed by the High Court is set aside. The order of the Commissioner is restored with no order as to costs.

Headnotes prepared by : Appeal allowed.

Ankit Gyan

SMT. DARIYAO KANWAR & ORS. v. M/S UNITED INDIA

INSURANCE CO. LTD. & ANR. [RAJESH BINDAL, J.]