[2023] 16 S.C.R. 933 : 2023 INSC 1055

CASE DETAILS

M/S. GREATER ASHOKA AND LAND DEVELOPMENT

COMPANY

KANTI PRASAD JAIN (D) THROUGH LRS.

(C.A. No.7990-7991 of 2023)

DECEMBER 06, 2023

[VIKRAM NATH AND RAJESH BINDAL, JJ.]

HEADNOTES

Issue for consideration: Whether in a matter pertaining to specifi c performance of the contract for allotment of plot, the refund of earnest money after a period of sixty years was reasonable.

Specifi c performance - Contract for allotment of plot - Suit for specifi c performance of the contract - Decreed by the trial court directing execution of sale deed - However, set aside by the lower appellate court, directing refund of earnest money with interest - High Court set aside the said order passed by the lower appellate court, upholding that of the trial court - Correctness:

Held: Perusal of the prayer made in the suit shows that in the alternative, only refund of earnest money along with interest has not been claimed, rather the buyer claimed adequate damages, which may include refund of the earnest money along with interest - Merely refunding the earnest money paid, after sixty years would be unreasonable as the respondent, after booking the plot, has been waiting all along as even in the litigation since 1986 - Price of the land in the area has increased manifold for the last sixty years - In the interest of justice, the impugned judgment and decree of the High Court is modifi ed to the extent that instead of getting the sale deed of the plot registered, the contractor to pay stipulated amount as full and fi nal settlement of claim in the suit. [Paras 11, 13]

SUPREME COURT REPORTS


LIST OF CITATIONS AND OTHER REFERENCES

Kanshi Ram v. Om Prakash Jawal and others (1996) 4 SCC 593 - referred to.

OTHER CASE DETAILS INCLUDING IMPUGNED

ORDER AND APPEARANCES

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal Nos. 7990-7991 of 2023.

From the Judgment and Order dated 02.05.2018 of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh in RSA No.2956 of 1998 (O&M) and CO No.16-C/1998.

Appearances:

Vikas Singh, Sr. Adv., Ms. Deepika Kalia, Keshav Khandelwal, Gaurav Sharma, Dhawal Mohan, Prateek Bhatia, Paranjay Tripathi, Advs. for the Appellant.

Neeraj Kumar Jain, Sr. Adv., Umang Shankar, Aniket Jain, Sanjay Singh, Vidyut Kayarkar, Advs. for the Respondents.

JUDGMENT / ORDER OF THE SUPREME COURT

JUDGMENT

RAJESH BINDAL, J.

Leave granted.

2. The order1 passed by the High Court2 in Second Appeal3, vide which the judgment4 of the lower Appellate Court5 was reversed and that of the Trial Court6 was restored, is impugned in the present appeal.

1 Order dated 02.05.2018. 2 Punjab & Haryana High Court at Chandigarh 3 Regular Second Appeal No. 2956 of 1998 4 Order dated 07.08.1988 5 Additional District Judge (I), Faridabad 6 Order dated 29.03.1966 passed by Additional Civil Judge (Senior Division), Faridabad

3. The suit7 fi led by the predecessor-in-interest of the respondents (hereinafter described as 'the respondent') for specifi c performance of contract was decreed by the Trial Court. In appeal, the lower Appellate Court reversed the judgment and decree of the Trial Court directing execution of the sale deed, however, granted the relief of refund of earnest money given by the respondent as part sale consideration along with interest. The High Court fi nally upheld the judgment and decree of the Trial Court after setting aside the judgment of the lower Appellate Court.

4. Learned senior counsel for the appellant submitted that lay out plan of Ashoka Enclave Extension, Part-III, situated at Faridabad, developed by the appellant was approved in the year 1961. In 1963, an advertisement was issued by the appellant inviting applications from the public for sale of plots at the cost of ₹25/- per square yard. The respondent paid ₹500/- and ₹950/- towards provisional booking of plot No. 103, for which the receipts were issued on 01.11.1963 and 09.11.1963, respectively. As per the conditions of sale,25% of the cost was to be paid as earnest money, however, the same was not paid. Even the subsequent payments which were spread over, commensurate with the development of the project were also not made by the respondent. On 22.11.1963, the 1963 Act8 was enacted. The area, on which the colony was being developed, was declared as part of the controlled area. The appellant got relevant permission from the competent authority under the 1963 Act with the approval of the new lay out plan on 11.04.1969. After six years of booking the plot, two further payments of ₹1165/- each were made by the respondent. While the appellant was in the process of complying with the conditions laid down in the permission granted under the 1963 Act, new 1971 Act9 was notifi ed, in terms of which again the appellant was required to obtain permission for development of a colony. While the appellant was in the process, the respondent vide letter dated 27.01.1975 requested the appellant to refund the earnest money paid by him along with interest @12% per annum. The request was followed by another letter dated 01.01.1976 with similar prayer.

7 Case No, 342 of 1986 8 Punjab Scheduled Roads and Controlled Areas Restriction of Unregulated Development Act, 1963 9 Haryana Restriction of Development and Regulation of Colonies Act, 1971

M/S. GREATER ASHOKA AND LAND DEV. COMPANY v. KANTI

PRASAD JAIN (D) THROUGH LRS. [RAJESH BINDAL, J.]


5. Vide letter dated 13.12.1982, the appellant oﬀ ered a new plot to the respondent as the booking for the earlier plot was frustrated with the passage of time due to various developments, which took place after the booking was made. It was oﬀ ered to the respondent @ ₹135/- per square yard. In addition, external development charges payable to the State Government, were to be paid. The consent was to be given by the respondent within ten days. The aforesaid letter was replied to by the respondent vide letter dated 27.12.1982 not giving the consent for purchase of plot on revised terms. Rather, he asked for certain details which could not be furnished as on date, namely, the amount to be paid to the State Government for external development. This was followed by a legal notice dated 04.01.1983 calling upon the appellant to get the sale deed registered at the same rate at which the plot was initially allotted,@ ₹25/- per square yard. Thereafter, the respondent remained silent. A Civil Suit was fi led after more than three years since the issuance of legal notice and more than two decades after the plot was booked. The alternative prayer made in the suit was for grant of refund of earnest money along with interest @ 18% per annum. Once an alternative relief has been claimed in the suit fi led for specifi c performance, the plaintiﬀ is entitled to only that relief. The appellant does not have any objection to the grant of that relief as it is ready and willing to refund the amount of earnest money deposited by the respondent along with interest, as claimed. The appellant is even ready to pay interest to the respondent even at higher rate of 36% per annum also.

6. He further submitted that at present the agreement of contract is frustrated on account of developments which have taken place in the last sixty years as no plot is available. Even in his cross-examination, the respondent stated that he was not ready and willing to take the plot @ ₹135/- per square yard. It was only a matter of gesture that the appellant had oﬀ ered a plot to the respondent after taking licences/permissions under the 1963 Act and 1971 Act, which intervened after the plot was booked by the respondent. Once the respondent had failed to accept the oﬀ er within the time permitted, the earnest money deposited by him stood forfeited. In support of the argument, reliance was placed upon the judgment of this Court in Kanshi Ram v. Om Prakash Jawal and

others10. He further referred to an order dated 21.08.2003 passed by the High Court in M/s Ashoka Enclave Plot-holders Association v. M/s Greater Ashoka Land & Development Co.11, wherein the appeal fi led by the Association of Plot-holders of the same colony seeking same relief was dismissed, while upholding the judgment of the Trial Court. The aforesaid litigation being in representative capacity, even the respondent would be bound by the result thereof.

7. On the other hand, learned counsel for the respondent submitted that the argument raised by learned counsel for the appellant that the contract for allotment of plot to the respondent had been frustrated with the passage of time is fallacious. The appellant itself had oﬀ ered the plot to the respondent on 13.12.1982. It is wrong to allege that the respondent refused to accept the oﬀ er. In fact, the respondent had paid a sum of ₹4,945/- as earnest money at the time of booking of the plot and subsequently. All that the respondent had asked for from the appellant was as to how that money already paid and the interest thereon will be dealt with as the delay in allotment of plot was attributable to it. The details of the amount to be paid to the State Government was also asked for. The respondent was entitled to get that details before accepting the oﬀ er in order to avoid any dispute in future. There was no refusal to accept the oﬀ er. The amount asked for by the appellant included the amount already paid to the State Government, the details thereof was sought. The information was asked for by the respondent as in the letter of oﬀ er dated 13.12.1982, the appellant had asked for payment of certain amounts which as compared to the rate at which the plot was initially allotted was exorbitant. He further submitted that there is no error in the order passed by the High Court as the lower Appellate Court had reversed the well-reasoned judgment and decree of the Trial Court on erroneous appreciation of evidence produced on record. The respondent has been waiting for the plot after depositing the amount way back in 1960s for the last six decades. The fault lies with the appellant. Interim stay was granted by the High Court, hence, to state that the plot is not available now will be contemptuous.

10 (1996) 4 SCC 593. 11 Regular Second Appeal No. 293 of 2003

M/S. GREATER ASHOKA AND LAND DEV. COMPANY v. KANTI

PRASAD JAIN (D) THROUGH LRS. [RAJESH BINDAL, J.]


8. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the paper book.

9. The facts of the case to the extent that the respondent had applied for allotment of plot measuring 233 square yards at the rate of ₹25/- per square yard, which was allotted to him on 19.11.1963, are not in dispute.

Total sale consideration was ₹5825/-. As noticed by the High Court in the impugned order, the respondent had paid total sum of ₹4,945/-. The colony was not developed, as the stand taken by the appellant is that two new enactments by the State, namely, 1963 Act and 1971 Act intervened, in terms of which number of permissions were required to be taken. The appellant, after taking those permissions, oﬀ ered to the respondent an alternative plot vide letter dated 13.12.1982 @ ₹135/- per square yard which, as per the letter, included the cost of the land and internal development charges. The amount already paid or payable to the Haryana Government on account of external development will be additionally payable by the allottee. The oﬀ er was to be accepted within ten days. Twenty fi ve percent of the total amount was payable immediately. Twenty percent of the total amount was to be deposited within 30 days. The balance 55% was to be deposited in phased manner corresponding with the development of the colony. From paragraph 6 of the aforesaid letter, it is evident that beyond 100% of the cost of the plot, which was sought to be oﬀ ered @ ₹135/-per square yard, ₹20/- per square yard was asked for as part payment to be deposited with the State Government for development work. The fact remains that the size of the plot was not mentioned in the letter.

9.1 The aforesaid letter was served upon the respondent on 18.12.1982.

Within ten days thereof, the respondent requested the appellant to supply the lay out plan so as to enable him to know the number and size of the plot for which the payment was to be made as there was completely a new lay out plan. He also asked for the manner in which the amount already paid by him along with interest is to be adjusted as the letter of oﬀ er did not mention anything about the same. Request was also made to inform about the amount to be paid to the State Government towards external development charges as in the letter of oﬀ er dated 13.12.1982, ₹20/- per square yard as part payment towards development charges was required to be deposited.

It is not a matter of dispute that the aforesaid letter of the respondent was not replied to by the appellant. Immediately thereafter, the respondent got

a legal notice issued to the appellant mentioning all the details and calling upon the appellant to allot the plot measuring 233 square yards @ ₹25/- per square yard, failing which suit for specifi c performance may be fi led. The appellant did not respond even to the aforesaid legal notice. What can be inferred therefrom is that the appellant was not ready and willing to furnish the basic information sought by the respondent. The civil suit for specifi c performance was fi led on 02.01.1986 within the period of limitation. It was decreed by the Trial Court. The judgment and decree of the Trial Court was reversed by the lower Appellate Court. However, the High Court set aside the judgment and decree of the lower Appellate Court and restored that of the Trial Court, directing for registration of the sale deed.

10. We fi nd that allotment of plot was made way back on 19.11.1963.

Six decades have passed thereafter. No doubt, there were certain developments in the meantime. With the enactment of 1963 Act and 1971 Act, certain permissions were required to be taken by the appellant for development of the land as a colony. Those were taken. Even the plot was oﬀ ered to the respondent. However, when the cost of the plot was demanded at a higher rate, even on the asking of the respondent, details were not furnished. The amount demanded was @ ₹135/- per square yard as against ₹25/- per square yard at which initially the allotment was made. The stand taken by the appellant is that at present all the plots have been sold out. We are not going into that aspect as the appellant agreed to pay damages to the respondent as, according to it, alternative relief for damages in the form of refund of earnest money along with interest has been claimed. Though the claim, as per the appellant, is for refund of the money along with interest @ 18% per annum, however, the appellant is even ready to pay interest at a higher rate.

11. A perusal of the prayer made in the suit shows that in the alternative, only refund of earnest money along with interest has not been claimed, rather the respondent/plaintiﬀ had claimed adequate damages, which may include refund of the earnest money along with interest. Merely refunding the earnest money paid, after sixty years will be unreasonable as the respondent, after booking the plot, has been waiting all along as even in the litigation since

1986. The price of the land in the area has increased manifold for the last sixty years.

M/S. GREATER ASHOKA AND LAND DEV. COMPANY v. KANTI

PRASAD JAIN (D) THROUGH LRS. [RAJESH BINDAL, J.]


12. The order passed by the High Court in M/s Ashoka Enclave Plot-holders Association's case (supra) does not come to the rescue of the appellant for the reason that in the aforesaid case, the civil suit was fi led by the appellants therein on 14.06.1991, nine years after the oﬀ er was made to them for allotment of alternative plot. The same was held to be beyond limitation. The argument of the appellant that the respondent had requested for refund of the earnest money paid by him vide letters dated 27.01.1975 and 1.01.1976 also deserves to be rejected as it was not responded to by the appellant.

13. Considering the aforesaid totality of the facts, in our view, the interest of justice will meet in case the impugned judgment and decree of the High Court is modifi ed to the extent that instead of getting the sale deed of the plot registered @ ₹25/- per square yard, in the alternative, the appellant pays a total amount of ₹50,00,000/- to the respondent as full and fi nal settlement of claim in the suit. The amount is to be paid within a period of three months.

14. The present appeals are disposed of accordingly.

Headnotes prepared by: Appeals disposed of.

Nidhi Jain