232 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [2018] 14 S.C.R.

NARAYAN MALHARI THORAT v.

VINAYAK DEORAO BHAGAT AND ANR. (Criminal Appeal No. 1487 of 2018)

NOVEMBER 28, 2018

[UDAY UMESH LALIT AND

DR. DHANANJAYA Y CHANDRACHUD, JJ.] Penal Code, 1860 - s. 306 - Appellant's son and daughterin-law were teachers in a school where the respondent was also a teacher - Respondent allegedly used to call on the mobile of the appellant's daughter-in-law and harass her - Despite the efforts of the appellant's son in trying to make the first respondent see reason and stop calling his wife, the respondent continued calling her repeatedly - Appellant's son committed suicide - FIR filed against the respondent - Quashed - Propriety of - Held: There are definite allegations that the respondent would keep on calling the wife of the victim on her mobile and keep harassing her - Allegations are supported by the statements of the mother and the wife of the victim recorded during investigation - 3-4 days prior to the suicide there was an altercation between the victim and the respondent - In the light of these facts, coupled with the fact that the suicide note made definite allegation against the respondent, the High Court was not justified in entering into question whether the respondent had the requisite intention to aid or instigate or abate the commission of suicide at this stage when the investigation was yet to be completed and charge-sheet, if any, was yet to be filed - Order of the High Court set aside - Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - s.482.

Allowing the appeal, the Court

HELD: 1.1 There are definite allegations that the first respondent would keep on calling the wife of the victim on her mobile and keep harassing her which allegations are supported by the statements of the mother and the wife of the victim recorded during investigation. The record shows that 3-4 days prior to the suicide there was an altercation between the victim and the first respondent. In the light of these facts, coupled with the fact that the suicide note made definite allegation against first respondent, the High Court was not justified in entering into question whether the first respondent had the requisite intention


to aid or instigate or abate the commission of suicide. At this juncture when the investigation was yet to be completed and charge-sheet, if any, was yet to be filed, the High Court ought not to have gone into the aspect whether there was requisite mental element or intention on part of the respondent. The judgment and order under appeal is, therefore, set aside. Since the investigation into the matter was stalled as a result of the petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the concerned authorities are directed to complete the investigation as early as possible. [Paras 13, 14][238-C-G]

Netai Dutta v. State of W.B. (2005) 2 SCC 659 ; M. Mohan v. State represented by the Deputy Superintendent of Police (2011) 3 SCC 626 : [2011] 3 SCR 437 ; State of Kerala and Others v. S.

Unnikrishnan Nair and Others. (2015) 9 SCC 639 : [2015] 9 SCR 56 - referred to.

Case Law Reference

(2005) 2 SCC 659 referred to Para 9

[2011] 3 SCR 437 referred to Para 9

[2015] 9 SCR 56 referred to Para 9

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Criminal Appeal 1487 of 2018.

From the Judgment and Order dated 28.03.2016 of the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench at Nagpur in Criminal Application (APL) No. 380 of 2015.

Sachin Patil, Karunakar Mahalik, Advs. for the Appellant.

Pratik R. Bombarde, Jitendra Ashok, Nishant Ramakantrao Katneshwarkar,, Advs. for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.

1. Delay condoned. Leave granted.

2. This appeal is directed against the judgment and order dated 28.03.2016 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Bombay, Nagpur Bench at Nagpur allowing Criminal Application No.380 of 2015 preferred by the first respondent and thereby quashing the proceedings instituted against him vide FIR No.35/2015.

NARAYAN MALHARI THORAT v. VINAYAK DEORAO

BHAGAT AND ANR.


3. The aforesaid FIR No.35/2015 was lodged with Police Station, Washim on 14.02.2015 pursuant to information received from the appellant. It was alleged that the son and daughter-in-law of the appellant were teachers in a village in a Zila Parishad School where the first respondent was also a teacher; the first respondent used to call on the mobile of the daughter-in-law of the appellant and used to harass her; that despite the efforts of the son of the appellant in trying to make the first respondent see reason and stop calling said daughter-in-law, the first respondent continued calling her repeatedly; that on 09.02.2015 there was a verbal altercation between said son and the first respondent and that on 12.02.2015 said son committed suicide leaving a suicide note. True translation of said suicide note is to the following effect:

"Sir Police Station Officer, I humbly request that my family life has been ruined by Vinayak Bhagat & therefore he should not be pardoned this is humble request & he should be hanged till death this is my last wish"

4. After the crime was registered, the first respondent had preferred an application for anticipatory bail which was rejected by the Principal District & Sessions Judge, Washim on 21.02.2015. The matter was carried further by filing Criminal Application [ABA]No.96 of 2015 in the High Court. The prayer was rejected by the High Court vide order dated 07.04.2015. It was observed by the High Court:

"… … …After hearing the learned counsel for the applicant and the learned APP for the State and on the backdrop of their submissions, I have gone through the material placed on record as well as presented for my perusal by the learned APP. Though, it was an attempt of the learned counsel for the applicant that the alleged material against the applicant of committing mischief is only a piece of paper i.e. so-called suicide note. The submission was, merely on the basis of this material, one cannot reach to a conclusion of either intention or abatement for attracting Section 306 of IPC. On a perusal of the report, it clearly reveals that it was not only a casual or occasional attempt of the applicant or a friendly association of the applicant with his colleague. The report itself states that the applicant was constantly establishing contact on mobile phone with the wife of the victim. The report states that the attempt was made to give an understanding to the applicant asking him to keep himself away from such activity. But in spite of such an attempt, the applicant neither paid any heed nor stopped

his activities. The statements recorded by the investigating agency of the father and mother of the victim Sanjay clearly indicate that though, initially the relations between the couple and the applicant were homely and informal, the applicant started calling the wife of Sanjay constantly. Just 3-4 days earlier to the death of Sanjay, the applicant, who had been to the grocery shop of one Anand Kale, was given an understanding by Sanjay and in spite of grievance raised by Sanjay, the applicant was giving phone calls to the wife of Sanjay. Sanjay was thus carrying mental pressure and depression. These facts are recorded in the statement of the mother of Sanjay. It will also be interesting to note what reveals from the statement of the wife of Sanjay. The wife of Sanjay in clear and unambiguous words stated that the applicant was continuously calling her in spite of the understanding given by her husband as well as by herself."

5. The view taken by the High Court as aforesaid was challenged by filing Special Leave Petition (Crl.) No.3497 of 2015 but this Court rejected the challenge on 29.04.2015 finding no merit in the Special Leave Petition.

6. The first respondent, thereafter, filed Criminal Application No.380 of 2015 in the High Court under Section 482 Cr.P.C. seeking quashing of the aforesaid FIR No.35/2015 registered pursuant to the reporting by the appellant, for the offence punishable under Section 306 IPC. By way of interim relief, stay of further proceedings in connection with the Crime was also sought. It is a matter of record, that the investigation in the Crime has not been concluded.

7. The challenge raised by the first respondent was accepted by the High Court. After referring to the facts that the first respondent used to call on the mobile of the daughter-in-law and that there were heated arguments between the son of the appellant and the first respondent, the High Court observed as under:

"The aforesaid indicates that there is no material whatsoever even of a prima facie nature to establish that the applicant had either an intention to aid or instigate or abet Sanjay to commit suicide. There is no reference to any active or direct act on the part of the applicant which led said Sanjay to commit suicide.

Similarly, there is neither any instigation nor any intentional act done which compelled the son of non-applicant no.2 to commit

NARAYAN MALHARI THORAT v. VINAYAK DEORAO

BHAGAT AND ANR. [UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]


suicide. Even the chit found in the pocket of the deceased does not contain any such material to indicate any instigation or abetment on the part of the applicant herein that could be treated as having led Sanjay to commit suicide."

The decision of the High Court and the order quashing the FIR is presently under challenge.

8. We heard Mr. Sachin Patil, Advocate for the appellant, Mr. Pratik R. Bombarde, Advocate for the respondent and Mr. Nishant Ramakantrao Katneshwarkar, Advocate for the State.

9. It was submitted on behalf of the appellant that the High Court was not justified in entering into questions whether the record prima facie established that the respondent had requisite intention in order to bring the matter within the confines of Section 306 IPC and in quashing the FIR in exercise of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C. On the other hand, the learned counsel appearing for first respondent relied upon decisions of this Court in Netai Dutta v. State of W.B.1; M.

Mohan v. State represented by the Deputy Superintendent of Police2

and; State of Kerala and Others v. S. Unnikrishnan Nair and Others.3 in support of his submission that in exercise of jurisdiction under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the High Court was justified in quashing the FIR.

10. In Netai Dutta (supra) the suicide note had alleged that Netai Dutta had engaged the victim in several wrong doings; that the victim was required to be at the workplace during the day and night on certain occasions; and that though he had reported the fact that he could leave the workplace only by 8 o' clock in the evening when all the restaurants were closed nothing was done by said Netai Dutta. It was in the backdrop of these facts that this Court found the case to be fit to exercise powers under Section 482 Cr.P.C.

11. In M. Mohan (supra) A-3 was stated to have told Kamatchi

(victim) that "if you want to go by a car, you have to bring a car from your family", whereupon said Kamatchi, her husband and the child were required to take public transport. Few days thereafter the victim committed suicide. After filing of the charge-sheet A-3 was summoned under Sections 304B, 498A and 306 IPC. In proceedings under Section 482 Cr.P.C., the High Court quashed the charges under Sections 498A and 304B IPC but held that the accused had to face trial for the offence

1 (2005)2 SCC 659

2 (2011)3 SCC 626

3 (2015)9 SCC 639

under Section 306 IPC, which view was under challenge before this Court. In the facts and circumstances of the case, this Court made following observations in paragraphs 48 and 49:

"48. In the instant case, what to talk of instances of instigation, there are even no allegations against the appellants. There is also no proximate link between the incident of 14-1-2005 when the deceased was denied permission to use the Qualis car with the factum of suicide which had taken place on 18-1-2005.

Undoubtedly, the deceased had died because of hanging. The deceased was undoubtedly hypersensitive to ordinary petulance, discord and differences which happen in our day-to-day life. In a joint family, instances of this kind are not very uncommon. Human sensitivity of each individual differs from person to person. Each individual has his own idea of self-esteem and self-respect.

Different people behave differently in the same situation. It is unfortunate that such an episode of suicide had taken place in the family. But the question that remains to be answered is whether the appellants can be connected with that unfortunate incident in any manner?

49. On a careful perusal of the entire material on record and the law, which has been declared by this Court, we can safely arrive at the conclusion that the appellants are not even remotely connected with the offence under Section 306 IPC. It may be relevant to mention that criminal proceedings against the husband of the deceased Anandraj (A-1) and Easwari (A-3) are pending adjudication."

12. In State of Kerala and others (supra) the person who committed suicide was a CBI official investigating into a crime.

According to the suicide note left behind by the victim, two officials of CBI, who were in fact juniors to him, an advocate as well as Chief Judicial Magistrate were statedly responsible for the suicide. Again, considering the facts, this Court upheld the decision of the High Court in quashing the FIR. The observations of this Court in paragraph 12 are noteworthy. Said paragraph 12 was to the following effect:

"12. As we find from the narration of facts and the material brought on record in the case at hand, it is the suicide note which forms the fulcrum of the allegations and for proper appreciation of the same, we have reproduced it hereinbefore. On a plain reading of the same, it is difficult to hold that there has been any abetment

NARAYAN MALHARI THORAT v. VINAYAK DEORAO

BHAGAT AND ANR. [UDAY UMESH LALIT, J.]


by the respondents. The note, except saying that the respondents compelled him to do everything and cheated him and put him in deep trouble, contains nothing else. The respondents were inferior in rank and it is surprising that such a thing could happen. That apart, the allegation is really vague. It also baffles reason, for the Department had made him the head of the investigating team and the High Court had reposed complete faith in him and granted him the liberty to move the Court, in such a situation, there was no warrant to feel cheated and to be put in trouble by the officers belonging to the lower rank. That apart, he has also put the blame on the Chief Judicial Magistrate by stating that he had put pressure on him. He has also made the allegation against the advocate."

13. We now consider the facts of the present case. There are definite allegations that the first respondent would keep on calling the wife of the victim on her mobile and keep harassing her which allegations are supported by the statements of the mother and the wife of the victim recorded during investigation. The record shows that 3-4 days prior to the suicide there was an altercation between the victim and the first respondent. In the light of these facts, coupled with the fact that the suicide note made definite allegation against first respondent, the High Court was not justified in entering into question whether the first respondent had the requisite intention to aid or instigate or abate the commission of suicide. At this juncture when the investigation was yet to be completed and charge-sheet, if any, was yet to be filed, the High Court ought not to have gone into the aspect whether there was requisite mental element or intention on part of the respondent.

14. We, therefore, find merit in the submissions advanced on behalf of the appellant. The judgment and order under appeal is, therefore, set aside and the present appeal is allowed. Since the investigation into the matter was stalled as a result of the petition under Section 482 Cr.P.C., we direct the concerned authorities to complete the investigation as early as possible.

15. We have not and shall not be taken up to have expressed any opinion on the merits of the matter which shall be considered at the appropriate stage.

16. The appeal stands allowed in aforesaid terms.

Divya Pandey Appeal allowed.