(2017] 1 S.C.R. 907

CENTRAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION

SADHU RAM SINGLA & ORS.

(Criminal Appeal No. 396of2017)

FEBRUARY 23, 2017

[PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE AND AMITAVA ROY, JJ.)

Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - ss. 320, 482 - Compounding of non-compou11dable offence - FIR and the consequential proceedings alleging non-compoundable offencescheating and forgery - Quashing of, by the High Court in exercise of its jurisdiction uls. 482 011 the basis of the settlement arrived at between the complainant and the accused - Held: Encroaching into the right of the other organ of the government would tantamoullf clear violation of the rule of law which is one of the basic structure of the Constitution - Judicial restraint to be observed while quashing criminal cases alleging non-compoundable offences on the basis of the settlement arrived between the parties.

Dismissin~ the appeal, the Court

HELD: .1.1 Encroaching into the right of the other organ of the government would tantamount clear violation of the rule of law which is one of the basic structure of the Constitution oflndia.

[J?ara 1:11 1913-E]

1.2 Having carefully considered the singular facts and circumstances of the instant case, and also the law relating to the continuance of criminal cases where the complainant and the accused had settled their differences and had arrived at an amicable arrangement, there is no reason to differ with the view taken in *Manoj S/wrm<1's case and several decisions of this Court delivered thereafter with respect to the doctrine of judicial restraint that it would ordinarily not be a legitimate exercise of judicial power to direct compounding of a non-compoundable offence. Depending on the attendant facts, continuance of the criminal proceedings, after a compromise has been arrived at between the complainant and the accused, would amount to abuse of process of Court and an exercise in futility since the trial would

be prolonged and ultimately, it may end in a decision which may be of no consequence to any of the parties. It would be proper to keep the said point of law open. [Para 15, 16] (913-G-H, 914-A- C] *Mano} Sharma v. State & Ors. (2008) 16 SCC 1 : (2008] 14 SCR 539 - relied on.

Ku/winder Singh & Ors. v. State of Punjab Anr. 2007

(4) CTC 769; Mrs. Shaku111a/a Sawhney v. Mrs.

Kaushalya Sawhney & Ors. (1980) I SCC 63; State of Tamil Nadu v. R. Vasanthi Stanley & Anr. (2016) I SCC 376 : [2015] 9 SCR 772; Central Bureau of !11vestigatio11 v. A. Ravishankar Prasad & Ors. (2009) 6 SCC 351; Central Bureau of Investigation v.

Maninder Singh (2016) 1 SCC 389 : (2015] 10 SCR 277; Gian Singh v. State of Punjab & Anr. (2012) 10 SCC 303 : (2012] 8 SCR 753 - referred to.

Case Law Reference

2007 (4) CTC 769 referred to Para6

(1980) 1 sec 63 referred to Para8

J2015J 9 SCR 772 referred to Para 10

r2ooi 6 sec 351 referred to Para 11

[2015] 10 SCR 277 referred to Para 12

j2012J 8 SCR 753 referred to Para 13

[2008] 14 SCR 539 referred to Para 15

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 396 of2017.

From the Judgment and Order dated 02.06.2011 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Cr!. Misc. No. M-2829 of 2011.

Ms. Pinky Anand, ASG., Raj iv Nanda, B. V. Balramdas, Rajesh Ranjan, Ms. Kritika Sachdeva, M. K. Maroria, Arvind Kumar Sharma, Advs. for the Appellant.

Bishwajit Bhattacharya, Sr. Adv., Daya Krishan Sharma, Rohit Vats, Ms. Monika Sharma, Advs. for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Cou1t was delivered by

PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, J. I. Leave granted.

2. This appeal, by special leave, has been filed assailing the judgment and order dated 2"' June, 2011 passed by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Criminal Miscellaneous No.M- 2829 of 2011, whereby the High Court while relying upon another judgment of the same High Cornt and on the basis of settlement of dispute, quashed the criminal proceedings against the respondents, being FIR No.SIA-2001-E-0006 dated 28.12.2001 under Sections 420 and 471 oflndian Penal Cpde [in short '!PC'], registered at Police Station, SIU(X)/ SPE/CBI, New Delhi and the criminal proceedings pending in the Court of learned Special Judicial Magistrate, CBI, Punjab, Patiala.

3. Brief facts of the case are as follows: Mis. Rom Industries Ltd., Mansa Road, Bhatinda (Punjab), which is respondentNo.3 herein, (hereinafter referred to as the "respondent-company") was dealing with

State Bank of Patiala, Bhatinda (City) Branch (for short "the Bank") since 1976 and was availing the credit limits from a consortium of banks with the Bank as leader and enjoyed total fund based credit limits from the banking system to an extent of Rs.31,500.00 lacs in March, 1996.

However, in the year 1996, due to destruction of stocks consisting of Deolided Cakes lying at Bedi Port, Jamnagar in a cyclone storm that hit Bedi Port, Jamnagar on 19/20 June, 1996, it claimed to have suffered heavy loss to the extent of Rs.38.08 crores. The destruction of stocks could not be corroborated by any evidence. The respondent-company had been granted credit facilities against hypothecation of stocks which included stocks lying at the port. But allegedly after Bank verification of the stocks, it was found that the respondent-company had fraudulently obtained higher credit limits on the basis of stock statements which appeared forged and false. The respondent-company approached the Bank for grant of adhoc export packing credit limit of Rs. I 0 crores in February 1995, which was sanctioned on 09.03.1995.

4. Law was set into motion when FIR No.SIA-2001-E-0006 dated 28.12.200 I was registered at Police Station, SIU(X)/SPE/CBI, New Delhi, by Shri K. Balachandran, Chief Vigilance Officer of the State Bank of Patiala under Section 120-B read with Sections 420, 467, 468 and 471 of !PC, against the Board of Directors including respondent Nos. I & 2. Charge-sheet was filed before the learned Special Judicial, Magistrate, CBI, Patiala, Punjab, against the respondents under Section

420/471 read with Section 120(B) oflPC, for having entered into criminal conspiracy between 1995 to 1996 and causing loss to State Bank of Patiala to the extent ofRs.28.49/- crores through false stock statements, forged bank guarantee and dishonest misuse of funds generated.

5. During the pendency of the proceedings before the Court of learned Special Judicial Magistrate, CBI, Patiala, Punjab, a compromise was arrived at between the Bank and the respondent-company under a One Time Settlement scheme of the Bank, through which sums ofRs.6 crores and Rs.1.25 crores were deposited by the respondents and acknowledged by the Bank vide letter dated 11.11.2009. Thereafterthe Bank released the securities and guarantees of the respondents, withdrew the recovery proceeding pending in the ORT and stated vide the aforesaid letter dated 11.11.2009 that nothing was due from the respondents to the Bank. An application filed by respondent No.1 for compounding of offences under Section 320(2) of!PC, was dismissed by the Trial Court on the ground that Section 471 read with 468 of !PC is a noncompoundable offence.

6. Thereafter, the respondents approached the High Court, invoking its power under Section 482 of the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (in short 'Cr.P.C.) for quashing FIR No.SIA-2001-E-0006 dated

28. 12.200 I and also the resultant proceedings pending before the Court of learned Special Judicial Magistrate, CBI, Patiala, Punjab, on the basis of aforesaid settlement. The High Com1 by its judgment dated 2"' June, 2011, relied on its Full Bench judgment in the case of Kulwintler Si11gft & Ors. Vs. State of P1111jabA11r., 2007 ( 4) CTC 769, and on the basis of settlement of dispute, quashed the criminal proceedings against the respondents.

7. The question which arises before us is no longer res integra i.e. whether FIR and the consequential proceedings alleging noncompoundable offences could be quashed by the High Court in exercise of its jurisdiction under Section 482 of Cr.P.C. on the basis of the settlement arrived at between the complainant and the respondentsaccused. Since the question before us revolves around clause 9 of Section 320 of Cr.P.C.. the same is reproduced herein as follows:

"320. Compowu/i11~ (}{ o{fe11ces.- (l) xn xxx xxx

(9) No offence shall be compounded except as provided by this section. ··

CBI. v. SADHU RAM SJNGLA & ORS.

8. We have heard learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the CBI and learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents at length and carefully examined the materials placed on record. We have also taken notice of the fact that the counsel for the appellant in High Court had sought time for filing the reply but no reply was filed. We have also taken notice of the fact that the High Couti while quashing the said FIR and consequential proceedings, has relied on the Full Bench judgment of that High Court in the case of Ku/winder Sint:ft & Ors V.5.

Stale of Punjab &Am:, 2007 (4) CTC 769, in which reliance was placed

on the judgment delivered by this Court in the case of Mrs. S/wkunlala Sawlmey Vs. Mrs. Kauslwlya Sawlmey & Ors., (1980) I SCC 63.

9. Learned Additional Solicitor General appearing for the CBI has drawn our attention to the decision of this Court in Mwwj S/wrnw

Vs. Stale & Ors., (2008) 16 SCC I, wherein it was observed by this Court:

"22. Since Section 320 CrPC has clearly slated which offences are compoundable and which are not, the Higft

Court or even this Court would not ordinarily be justified in doing something indirect(y which could not be done directly.

Even otherwise. it ordinarily would not be a legitimate exercise of judicial power under Article 226 of the Constitution or under Section 482 CrPC to direct doing something which CrPC has expressly prqhibited. Section 320(9) CrPC expressly states that no offence shall be compounded except as provided by that Section. Hence, in my opinion, it would ordinarily not be a legitimate exercise of judicial power to direct compounding of a noncompoundable offence. "

10. We further wish to supply emphasis on the judgment delivered by this Couti in the case of State of Tamil Nadu Vs. R. Vaswllhi Stanley & Anr.. (2016) 1 SCC 3 76, wherein it was observed:

"15. As far as the loaC: un the criminal justice dispensation system is concerned it has an insegregable nexus with speedy trial. A grave criminal offence or serious economic offence or for that matter the offence that has the potentiality to create a de/11 in the financial health of the institutions, is not to be quashed on the ground that there is delay in trial or

the principle that when the maller has been sellled it should be quashed to avoid the load on the ystem. That can never be an acc.eptable principle or para111ete1~ for that would amount to destroying the stem cells of law and order in many a realm and further strengthen the marrows of the unscrupulous litigations. Such a situation should never be conceived of"

11. Further reliance was placed on the decision of this Court in the case of Central Bureau of Investi1.:atio11 Vs. A. Ravislumkar Prasad & Ors., (2009) 6 SCC 351, wherein it was held:

"39. Carefit! analysis of all these judgments clearly reveals that the exercise of inherent powers would entirely depend on the facts and circumstances of each case. The object of incorporating inherent powers in the Code is to prevent abuse of the process of the court or to secure ends of justice."

12. Lastly, reliance was placed upon another judgment of this Court in Central Bureau of J11vestif(lltio11 Vs. Mll11i11der Si11f(h, (2016) 1 SCC 389, wherein it was held by this Court:

"19. ln this case, the High Court while exercising its inherent power ignored all the facts viz. the impact of the offence, the use of the Stale machinery to keep the matter pending for so many years coupled with the fraudulent conduct of the respondent. Considering the facts and circumstances of the case at hand in /he light of/he decision in Vikram Anantrai Doshi case, (2014) 15 SCC 29, lhe order of the High Court cannot be sustained. "

13. Resisting the aforesaid submissions it was canvassed by Mr.

Bishwajit Bhattacharya, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents that High Court has judiciously and rightly considered the facts and circumstances of the present case. Relying upon the judgment of this Court in Gian Singh Vs. Stllte of Pu11jllb & Anr., (2012) 10 SCC 303, learned senior counsel appearing for the respondents strenuously urged that the offences in the present case are not heinous offences. He further drew our attention towards the relevant part of Full Bench judgment of the High Court in Ku/winder Singh & Ors. Vs. Stllte of Punjllb &Anr. (supra), which was reproduced in the impugned judgment and the same is reproduced hereunder:

"26. In Airs. Shakuntala Sawhney v. Mrs. Kaushalya Sawhney & Ors.,(1980) 1 SCC 63, Hon 'ble Krishna Iyer. J. aptly summed up the essence of compromise in the following words:-

The finest hour of justice arrives propitiously when parties, despite falling apart, bury the hatchet and weave a sense of fellowship or reunion.

27. The power to do complete justice is the very essence of every judicial justice dispensation system. it cannot be diluted by distorted perceptions and is not a slave to anything; except to the caution and circumspection, the standards of which the Court sets before it, in exercise of such plenary and unfettered power inherently vested in it while donning the cloak of compassion to achieve the ends of justice. No embargo, be in the shape of Section 320(9) of the Cr.P.C. or any other such curtailme/I/, can whit/le down the power under Section 482 of the Cr.P.C."

14. Since the present case pertains to the crucial doctrine of judicial restraint, we are of th~ considered opinion that encroaching into the right of the other organ of the government would tantamount clear violation of the rule of law which is one of the basic structure of the Constitution of India. We wish to supply emphasis on para 21 of the Manoj Slwrma's case (supra) which is as follows:

"21. Ordinarily, we would have agreed with Mr. B.B. Singh. ,, The doctrine of judicial restraint which has been emphasised repeatedly by this Court e.g. in Aravali Golf Club v. Chander Hass (2008) 1 SCC 683 and Govt. of A.P. v. P. Laxmi Devi

(2008) 4 SCC 720, restricts the power of the Court and does not permit the Court to ordinarily encroach illlo the legislative or executive domain. As observed by this Court in the above decisions, there is a broad separation of powers in the Constitution and it wo;; IC: not be proper for one organ of the State to encroach illlo the domain of another organ. "

15. Having carefully considered the singular facts and circumstances of the present case, and also the law relating to the continuance of criminal cases where the complainant and the accused had settled their differences and had arrived at an amicable arrangement,

. ·

we see no reason to differ with the view taken in Ma110} Sfmrma's case (supra) and several decisions of this Court delivered thereafter with respect to the doctrine of judicial restraint. In concluding hereinabove, we are not unmindful of the view recorded in the decisions cited at the Bar that depending on the attendant facts, continuance of the criminal proceedings, after a compromise has been arrived at between the complainant and the accused, would amount to abuse of process of Court and an exercise in futility since the trial would be prolonged and ultimately, it may end in a decision which may be of no consequence to any of the parties.

16. In view of the discussion we made in the preceding paragraphs, in our opinion, it would be proper to keep the said point of law open. However, in the given facts, we dismiss this appeal.

Nidhi Jain Appea1 dismissed.