[2014] 9 S.C.R. 182

STATE OF PUNJAB

GURMIT SINGH

(Criminal Appeal No. 1278 of 2014)

JULY 2, 2014

[CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD AND

PINAKI CHANDRA GHOSE, JJ.]

Penal Code, 1860 - s. 3048 - Dowry death - Prosecution c of respondent - Legality - Word "relative of the husband" - Meaning of - Held: The word "relative of the husband" in s. 304 8 would mean such persons, who are related by blood, marriage or adoption - Respondent not husband of the deceased and also not related to husband of the deceased 0 either-by blood or marriage or adoption - Since respondent not related to husband of the deceased in any manner, he could not be prosecuted for offence u/s.3048 /PC - High Court justified in quashing the trial court order summoning the respondent to face trial.

E Words and Phrases - Expression "relative of the husband" - Meaning of - Penal Code, 1860 - ss.3048 and

498A.

Interpretation of Statutes - When words of a statute not F defined - Held: Such words to be understood in their natural, ordinary or p.opular sense - Reference may be made to dictionaries tofind out the general sense in which the word is understood in common parlance. ·

Interpretation of Statutes - Use of same words in different G part of the statute - Held: In such a case, the presumption is that those words have been used in the same sense, unless displaced by the context.

H 182

In a case registered under Section 3048 IPC, the trial A court summoned the respondent besides other accused persons to face trial under Section 319 of CrPC, observing that the names of those persons figured in the FIR, statement of the witnesses recorded under Section 161 CrPC and the evidence of PW-1.

Respondent challenged the aforesaid order in a revision application file~ before the High Court inter alia on the ground that he could not be tried for offence under Section 3048 IPC because he was not a relative of the husband of the deceased. The submission found favour with the High Court and, accordingly, it quashed the order summoning the respondent to face the trial.

The question which arose for consideration in the present appeal was whether the High Court erred in D

~ holding that the respondent was not a relative of the husband of the deceased.

Dismissing the appeal, the Court

HELD:1. From a plain reading of Section 304-8 IPC, it is evident that when a woman dies by any burns or bodily injury or otherwise than under normal circumstances \, yithin seven years of the marriage, her husband or any relative of her husband shall be deemed to have committed the offence of dowry death if it is shown that soon before the death the woman was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband, or

by any relative of her husband. This section therefore, exposes the husband of the woman or any relative of her husband for the commission of offence of the dowry G death. Admittedly, the respondent is not the husband of the oman who died and, therefore, the question which falls for determination is as to whether he comes within the ambit of "any relative of her husband". The expression "relative" has not been defined in the IPC. . - H

A The provision concerned is a penal provision which deserves strict construction. It is well settled that when the words of a statute are not defined, it has to be understood in their natural, ordinary or popular sense.

For this purpose, it shall be permissible to refer to B dictionaries to find out the general sense in which the word is understood in common parlance. In Ramanatha Aiyar's, Advance Law Lexicon, the word relative means any person related by blood, marriage or adoption. A large number of dictionaries give this word relative, in c context, same meaning. [Para 6) [188-8-F]

Ramanatha Aiyar's, Advance Law Lexicon (Vol.4, 3rd Edn.) - referred to.

2. The expression "relative of the husband" has D been , used in Section 498A of the l.P.C. While interpreting the said. expression, this Court in the case of U. Suvetha held it to mean a person related by blood, marriage or adoption. The expression relative of the 'husband further came up for consideration In the case of Vijeta Gajra and E while approving the decision of this Court in U. Suvetha it was held that the word relative would be limited only to the blood relations or the relations by marriage. [Paras

7,8] [188-G-H; 189-C]

U. Suvetha vs. State by Inspector of Police and Anr.

F (2009) 6 SCC 787 and Vijeta Gajra vs. State of NCT of Delhi

(2010)11 sec 618 - relied on. ·

3. It is well known rule of construction that when the Legislature uses same words in different part of the G statute, the presumption is that those words have been used in the same sense, unless displaced by the context.

Nothing is found in context to deviate from the general rule of interpretation. Hence, the word "relative of .the husband" in Section 3048 IPC would mean such H persons, who are related by blood, marriage or adoption.

The respondent is not related to the husband of the A deceased either by blood or marriage or adoption. Hence, the High Court did not err in passing the impugned order. [Para 9] [189-G-H; 190-A-B]

Case Law Reference:

c2009) s sec 787

c2010)11 sec 618

relied on

relied on

Para 7

Para 8

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION :.Criminal Appeal No. 1278 of 2014.

From the Judgment and Order dated 07.09.2005 in Criminal Revision No. 320 of 2000 of the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at Chandigarh.

D V. Madhukar, AAG, Anvita Cowshish, Kuldip Singh for the Appellant.

C .. D. Singh, Sakshi Kakkar for the Respondent.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered~

CHANDRAMAULI KR PRASAD J. 1. State. of Punjab aggrieved by the order dated 7th of September, 2005, passed by the Punjab 'and Haryana High Court in Criminal Revision No.

320 of 2000 whereby H has set aside the order of the trial court dated 24th of January, 2000 summoning the respondent Gurmit F Singh to face trial under Section 319 of the Code of Criminal

Procedur~. has preferred this special leave petition.

2. Leave granted.

3. Facts lie in a very short compass. On the basis of a G

report a case under Section 3048 of the Indian Penal Code (for short 'IPC') was registered at Police Station, Kharar. In the first information report, the names of various accused persons figured including Gurmit Singh, the respondent herein. Police H

A after usual investigation, submitted the charge-sheet in which the respondent did not figure as an accused. However, the respondent along with some other accused persons who were not charge-sheeted were summoned tO face the trial. They challenged the said order before the High Court in Criminal B Misc. No. 1584-M of 1999 and the High Court by its order dated 25th of February, 1999 set aside the order summoning those accused persons including the respondent but while doing so gave liberty to take recourse to'the provisions of Section 319 of the Code of Cril'l'linal Procedure, hereinafter referred to as c the 'Code', at an appropriate stage of the trial. During the course of trial, evidence of one Shakuntla Rani, PW-1 was recorded, who averred that the respondent herein was also responsible for the death of Gurjit Kaur, the wife of Paramjit Singh. Thereafter, an application was filed by the prosecution

0 for summoning aforesaid Gurmit Singh and other accused persons before the trial court in exercise of the power under Section 319 of the Code. The trial court by its order dated 24th of January, 2000, summoned the respondent besides other accused persons to face trial, for commission of offence under E Section 3048 IPC, inter alia, observing that the names of those persons figured in the FIR, statement of the witnesses recorded under Section 161 of the Code and the evidence of Shakuntla Rani, PW-1.

4. Respondent challenged the aforesaid order in a revision F application filed before the High Court inter alia on the ground that he cannot be tried for offence under Section 3048 of the Code because he is not a relative of .the husband of the deceased. It was pointed out that Paramjit Singh happened to be the husband of the deceased whereas the respondent is the G brother of his aunt (chachi) and, therefore, cannot be said to be a relative of the deceased's husband. Aforesaid submission found favour with the High Court and, accordingly, it quashed the order summoning the respondent to face the trial. While doing so, the High Court observed as follows:

STATE OF PUNJAB v. GURMIT SINGH 187

[CHANDRAMAUU KR. PRASAD, J.]

"Even the dictionary meaning of a relative is one who is A related by blood or marriage. Gurmit Singh is certainly not related to Paramjit Singh either by blood or by marriage.

Gurmit Singh would not fall in the category of relative of the husband. Therefore, Gurmit Singh must be excluded from the array of the accused. It is not necessary to try him B .1;1nder Section 3048 l.P.C. for the dowry death of Paramjit Singh's wife.

5. Mr. V. Madhukar, learned Additional Advocate General appearing on behalf of the State submits that the High Court C erred in holding that the respondent is not a relative of the h4sband of the deceased. He points out that Balbir Kaur is the wife of Paramjit Singh's father's brother and Gurmit Singh

respondent herein happens to be Balbir Kaur's brother, hence, a relative of Paramjit Singh. According to him, the High Court D erred in holding that he is not a relative of the husbanp of the deceased. Mr. C.D. Singh, learned counsel appearing on behalf of the respondent, however, submits that the respondent cannot be said to be related to the husband of the deceased in any manner and, therefore, cannot be prosecuted for offence under Section 3048 of the IPC, The rival submission necessitates the E . examination of Section 3048 of the IPC, same reads as

follows:

"3048. Dowry death.-ill Where the death of a woman is caused by any burns or bodily injury or occurs otherwise F than under normal circumstances within seven years of her marriage and it is shown that soon before her death she was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband or any relative of her husband for, or in connection with, any demand for dowry, such death shall be called "dowry G death", and such husband or relative shall be deemed to have caused her death.

Explanation.-For the purpose of this sub-section, "dowry" shall have the same meaning as in section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 (28 of 1961 ).

(2) Whoever commits dowry death shall be punished with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than seven years but which may extend to imprisonment for life."

(underlining ours)

6. From a pl?in reading of the aforesaid provision it is evident that when a woman dies by any burns or bodily injury oc. otherwise than under normal circumstances within seven years of the marriage, her husband or any relative of her husband shall be .deemed to have committed the offence of C dowry death if it is shown that soon before th~ death the woman was subjected to cruelty or harassment by her husband, or by any relative <:>f her husband. This section therefore, exposes the husband of the woman or any relative of her husband for the commission of offence of the dowry death. Admittedly, the D respondent is not the husband of the woman who died and, therefore, the question which falls for determination is as to whether he comes within the ambit of "any relative of her

husband". The expression "relative" has not been defined in the IPC. The provision with which we are concerned is a penal E provision which deserves strict construction. It is well settled that when the words of a statute are not defined, it has to be understood in their natural, ordinary or popular sense. For this purpose, it shall be permissible to refer to dictionaries to find out the general sense in which the word is understood in F common parlance. In Ramanatha Aiyar's, Advance Law Lexicon (Vol.4, 3rd Edn.), the word relative means any person related by blood, marriage or adoption. A large number of dictionaries give this word relative, in context, same meaning.

7. It is relevant here to state that the expression "relative G of the husband" has been used in Section 498-A of the l.P.C.

While interpreting the said expression, this Court in the case of U. Suvetha vs. S, tate by Inspector of Police and Anr.(2009) 6 sec 787 held it to mean a person related by blood, marriage or adoption. Relevant portion of the judgment reads as follows:

STATE.OF PUNJAB v. GURMIT SINGH 189

[CHANDRAMAULI KR. PRASAD, J.]

"10. In the absence of any statutory definition, the term A "relative" must be assigned a meaning as is commonly

understood. Ordinarily it would include father, mother, husband or wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, nephew or niece, grandson or granddaughter of an individual or the spouse of any person. The meaning of the word "relative" B would depend upon the nature of the statute. It principally

includes a person related by blood, marriage or adoption."

8. The expression relative of the husband further came up for consideration in the case of Vijeta Gajra vs. State of NCT C of Delhi (2010)11 SCC 618 and while approving the decision of this Court in U. Suvetha (Supra), it was held that the word relative would be limited only to the blood relations or the relations by marriage. It is appropriate to reproduce the following passage from the said judgment:

"12. Relying on the dictionary meaning of the word "relative" and further relying on Ramanatha Aiyar's, Advance Law Lexicon (Vol.4, 3rd Edn.), the Court went

on to hold that Section 498-A IPC being a penal provision would deserve strict construction and unless a contextual E meaning is required to be given to the statute, the said statute has to be construed strictly. On that behalf the Court relied on the judgment in T. Ashok Pai vs. CIT

(2007) 7 sec 162. A reference was made to the decision in Shivcharan Lal Verma vs. State of M.P. (2007) 15 F SCC 369. After quoting from various decisions of this Court, it was held that reference to the word "relative" in Section 498-A IPC would be limited only to the blood relations or the relations by marriage."

9. It is well known rule of construction that when the G Legislature uses same words in different part of the statute, the presumption is that those words have been used in the same sense, unless displaced by the context. We do not find . . anything in context to deviate from the general rule of interpretation. Hence, we have no manner of doubt that the H

A word "relative of the husband" in Section 304 8 of the IPC would mean such persons, who are related by blood, marriage or adoption. When we apply this principle the respondent herein is not related to the husband of the deceased either by blood or marriage or adoption. Hence, in our opinion, the High Court 8 did not err in passing the impugned order. We hasten to add that a person, not a relative of the husband, may not be prosecuted for offencer llllilO\:f Section 3048 IPC but this does not mean that such a person canrlot1be, posecuted for any other offence viz. Section 306 IPC, in case the allegations constitute c offence other than Section 3048 IPC. ' ·

10. In the result, we do not find any merit in the appeal and it is dismissed accordingly.

Bibhuti Bhushan Bose Appeal dismisse~.