[2011] 6 S.C.R. 301

O.P. SHARMA & ORS.

HIGH COURT OF PUNJAB & HARYANA (Criminal Appeal Nos. 1108-1115 of 2004)

MAY 9, 2011

[P. SATHASIVAM AND DR. B.S. CHAUHAN, JJ.]

Contempt of Courts Act, 1971:

ss. 2(c) and 12(1) proviso, Explanation - Criminal C contempt of Court - Advocates abusing the Judicial Magistrate in filthy language and threatening him with dire consequences - Matter referred to High Court - Newspaper publishing the incident - Suo motu contempt proceedings initiated by High Court against the advocates and the owner, D publisher and Editor of newspaper - Unconditional apology tendered by contemnors before High Court - On High Court's directions contemnors appearing before Judicial Magistrate concerned and tendering unconditional apology - Conviction . by High Court of all the contemnors and sentence of six E months/three months with fine - HELD: The material on record shows that the advocates hurled abuses in filthy , language and threatened' the Judicial Magistrate with dire consequences - The contemnors have tendered unconditional apology before the Judicial Magistrate, the High F Court and this Court as well - They have given undertaking that they would maintain good behaviour in future - In this view of the matter, the unconditional apology tendered in the form of affidavits in terms of s. 12(1) is accepted and all contemnors are discharged - However, acceptance of an G apology from a contemnor should only be a matter of exception and not that of a rule - Bar Council of India Rules, 1975 - Advocates - Professional ethics.

301 H

A Bar Council of India Rules, 1975:

Section I, Chapter II, Part IV - Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette - Advocates - Duty to the court - Advocates hurling abuses in filthy language and threatening Judicial Magistrate with dire consequences -

HELD: B Advocacy touches and asserts the primary value of freedom of expression - But the advocates and the party appearing in person equally owe countervailing duty to maintain dignity, decorum and order in court proceedings - Liberty of free expression is not to be confounded or confused with license C to make unfounded a/legations against any institution much less the judiciary- A deliberate attempt to scandalize the court which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in the system, would cause a very serious damage to the name of the judiciary -Advocates - Professional ethics - o Advocates' Role and Ethical Standards.

Administration of Justice:

Professional conduct - Integrity and sanctity of an institution which bestowed upon itself the responsibility of E dispensing justice has to be maintained - All the functionaries, be it advocates, judges and rest of the staff ought to act in accordance with morals and ethics.

On 11.9.1999, when the Judicial Magistrate made an order remanding the accused, represented by one of the

1• appellants-advocates, the advocate became enraged and started hurling abuses and derogatory remarks against the Judicial Magistrate concerned and threatened him with dire consequences. He also called other 15-20 advocates and all of them joined together and shouted G slogans and abuses in filthy language against the Judicial Magistrate and also threatened him. The Judicial Magistrate wrote a letter to the District and Sessions Judge on 14.9.1999. This was followed by another letter dated 24.9.1999 stating therein that two of the appellants- H advocates had criminal record and had been indulging

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in pre$SUre tactics since long. The incident was A published in a local newspaper which necessitated action , under the Act against the owner, publisher, printer and Editor of the newspaper. Based on th, e letters of the District and Sessions Judge, the High Court, suo motu, initiated contempt proceedings against the appellants- B contemnors. The contemnors filed separate affidavits stating the circumstances in which the incident occurred and regretted for the same and tendered unconditional apology. On the direction of the High Court, all the contemnors also appeared before the Judicial Magistrate c concerned, expressed their regret and also tendered unconditional apology. However, the High Court, taking note of seriousness of the issue, and finding that the reference made by the Magistrate was based upon correct facts; and considering the overall conduct of the 0 contemnors found all of them guilty of criminal contempt within the meaning of s.2(c) of the Act and sentenced them to imprisonment for six months/three months with a fine ofRs.1000-2000/- each. Aggrieved, the contemnors filed the appeals.

Disposing of the appeals, the Court

HELD: 1.1. The material on record shows the behaviour of the appellants-contemnors and the manner

in which they hurled abuses in filthy language and F threatened the Judicial Magistrate with dire consequences. [para 6-10) (311-G-H; 312-A-H; 313-A-C]

1.2. Section 1 of Chapter-II, Part VI titled "Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette" of the Bar Council G of India Rules specifies the duties of an advocate towards the Court. [para 13) (313-H; 314-A]

Daroga Singh and Others vs. B.K. Pandey, 2004 (1) Suppl. SCR 113 = (2004) 5 SCC 26; R.D. Saxena vs.

Bairam Prasad Sharma 2000 (2) Suppl. SCR 598 = (2000) 7 SCC 264; Mahabir Prasad Singh vs. Jacks Aviation Pvt.

Ltd., 1998 < 2 ) Suppl. SCR 675 = (1999) 1 sec 37 Ajay Kumar Pandey, Advocate, In Re:, 1998 (2) Suppl. SCR 87 = B (1998) 7 SCC 248, Chetak Construction Ltd. vs. Om Prakash & Ors., 1998 (2) SCR 1016 = (1998) 4 SCC 577 Radha Mohan Lal vs. Rajasthan High Cowt, 2003 (1) SCR 1011 =

(2003) 3 sec 427 - referred to.

1.3. An advocate's duty is as important as that of a C Judge. Advocates have a large responsibility towards the society. A client's relationship with his/her advocate is underlined by utmost trust. An advocate is expected to act with utmost sincerity and respect. In all professional functions, an advocate should be diligent and his D conduct should also be diligent and should conform to the requirements of the law. Any violation of the principles of professional ethics by an advocate is unfortunate and unacceptable. Ignoring even a minor violation/ misconduct militates against the fundamental foundation E of the public justice system. An ideal advocate should believe that the legal profession has an element of service also and associates with legal service activities.

Most importantly, he should faithfully abide by the standards of professional conduct and etiquette F prescribed by the Bar Council of India in Chapter II, Part

VI of the Bar Council of India Rules. [para 31) [328-C-H]

1.4. Advocacy touches and asserts the primary value of freedom of expression, which is essential to the rule of law and liberty of the citizens. The advocate or the G party appearing in person, therefore, is given liberty of expression. But they equally owe countervailing duty to maintain dignity, decorum and order in the court proceedings or judicial processes. Any adverse opinion about the judiciary should only be expressed in a H

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detached manner and respectful language. The liberty of A free expression is not to be confounded or confused with

licence to make unfounded allegations against any institution, much less the judiciary. [para 19) [318-0-H]

D.C. Saxena vs. The Hon'ble Chief Justice of India, 1996 8

(3) Suppl. SCR 677 = (1996) 5 SCC 216; MB. & Sanghi, Advocate vs. High Court of Punjab & Haryana, 1991 ( 3 )

SCR 312 =(1991) 3 SCC 600; L.D. Jaiswal v. State of Uttar Pradesh, 1984 (3) SCR 833 =(1984) 3 SCC 405; R.K. Garg Advocate v. State of Himachal Pradesh, 1981 (3) SCR 536 = C

(1981) 3 SCC 166; and La/it Mohan. Oas vs. Advocate General, Orissa & Another, 1957 SCR 167 =AIR 1957 SC 250 - relied on.

In re: Vinay Chandra Mishra (the alleged contemner),

(1995) 2 SCC 534; Supreme Court Bar Association vs. Union D of India & Anr., (1998) 4 SCC 409 - referred to.

1.5. A lawyer cannot be a mere mouthpiece of his client and cannot associate himself with his client in maligning the reputation of judicial officer merely E because his client failed to secure the desired order from the said officer. A deliberate attempt to scandalize the court which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in the system would cause a very serious damage to the name of the judiciary. [para 26] [325-C]

M. Y. Shareef & Anr. Vs. Hon'ble Judges of Nagpur High Court & Ors., (1955) 1 SCR 757; Shamsher Singh Bedi vs.

High Court of Punjab & Haryana, (1996) 7 SCC 99 - relied on.

2.1. Affidavits have been filed by the appellants reiterating what they had stated before the High Court and the Magistrate concerned tendering unconditional apology for the incident which took place in the court of

A the Judicial Magistrate. They also assured this Court that they would maintain good behaviour in future. Though sub-s. (1) of s.12 of the Act enables the court to award simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, proviso empowers the court that accused may B be discharged or punishment awarded may be remitted on apology being made to the satisfaction of the court.

In fact, Explanation to this Section makes it clear that an apology shall not be rejected merely on the ground that it is qualified or conditional if the accused makes it bona c fide. [para 27) [327 -B-D]

2.2. Considering the plea made for the appellants, their tendering unconditional apology, recorded even at the initial stage before the High Court and before the Judicial Magistrate concerned, and the affidavits filed D before this Court once again expressing unconditional apology and regret with an undertaking that they would maintain good behaviour in future and in view of the language used in 'proviso' and 'explanation' appended to s. 12(1) of the Act the unconditional apology tendered E in the form of affidavits in terms of proviso to s.12(1 ), filed by all the appellants are accepted and they are discharged. [para 28 and 34) [327-E-F; 329-C]

2.3. The owner, publisher, printer and Editor of the F newspaper concerned has also filed a similar affidavit before this Court. Considering the fact that the newspaper has merely published what had happened in the court, it would be just and fair to apply the same relief to him also.

It is reiterated that acceptance of an apology from a G contemnor should only be a matter of exception and not that of a rule. [para 29) [327 -G-H; 328-A)

3. A court, be that of a Magistrate or the Supreme Court is sacrosanct. The integrity and sanctity of an institution which has bestowed upon itself the

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responsibility of dispensing justice is ought to be A maintained. All the functionaries, be it advocates, judges and the rest of the staff ought to act in accordance with morals and ethics. The Court hopes and trusts that the entire legal fraternity. would set an example for other profession, als by adhering to all the above-mentioned B principles. [para 30 and, 33) [328-B; 329-B]

Case Law Reference:

2004 (1 ) Suppl. SCR113 referred to Para 14

2000 (. 2 ) Suppl. SCR 598 referred to Para 15 c

1998 ( 2 ) Suppl. SCR 675 referred to Para 16

1998 ( 2 ) Suppl. SCR 87 referred to Para 17

1998'( 2 ) SCR 1016 referred to Para 18 D

2003 ( 1 ) SCR 1011 referred to Para 18

1996 ( 3 ) Suppl; SCR 677 relied on para 19

(1995) 2 SCC 534 referred to Para 20

referred to Para 21

relied on Para 22

relied. on Para 23

relied on

relied on

relied on

Para 2-4

Para 25

Para 26

(1998) 4 sec 409.

1991 ( 3 ) SCR 312'

1984 ( 3) SCR 833

1981 ( 3 ) SCR 536

1957 SCR 167

(1955) 1 SCR 757

(1996) 1 sec 99 relied on Para 26 G

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTION.: Criminal Appeal No. 11 os~1115 of 2004.

A From the Judgment & Order dated 25.8.2004 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh at Criminal O.C.P.Nos. 18 & 25 of 1999 and 3, 4, 5, 19, 19 & 20 of 2001.

WITH

B Criminal Appeal No. 1206 of 2004

V. Giri and Ram Jethmalani, Sapam Biswajit Meitei, Mohammed Sadique T.A., Ashok Kr. Singh, Anil K. Sharma, Dr. Ramesh K. Haritash, Anil Karnwal, Balraj Malik, R.C. c Kaushik, Dayan Krishnan Sharma and S. Chandra Shekhar for the appearing parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

P. SATHASIVAM, J. 1. Criminal Appeal Nos. 1108-1115 D of 2004 are directed against the common judgment and final

order dated 25.08.2004 passed by the Division Bench of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Crl. O.C.P.

Nos. 18 and 25 of 1999, Crl. O.C.P. Nos. 3,4,5,18,19 and 20 of 2001 whereby the Division Bench after rejecting the claim E of the appellants herein found all of them guilty of criminal

contempt and convicted them under Section 12 read with Sections 15 and 2(c) of the Contempt of Courts Act, 1971 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act")and sentenced them to various terms of simple imprisonment and fine. Feeling F aggrieved by the order of conviction and sentence, one i Surinder Sharma has filed Crl. A. No. 1206 of 2004. Since the issue in all these appeals is common and relate to one incident, they are being disposed of by the following judgment.

2. Brief facts:

(a) The District and Sessions Judge, Faridabad, by his letter dated 16.09.1999, addressed to the Registrar. High Court of Punjab & Haryana, forwarded Letter No. 376 dated 14.09.1999 written by Shri Rakesh Singh, Civil Judge (Junior

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Division-cum-Judicial Magistrate, 1st Class) Faridabad which A was addressed to him. In the said letter, the Judicial Magistrate has stated that on 11.09.1999 at about 3 p.m., when he was dealing with the remand of accused Soran in FIR No. 136 dated 13.06.1999, under Sections 393/452/506/34 of the Indian Penal Code (hereinafter referred to as "the IPC") pertaining to Police B Station Chhainsa, the Assistant Public Prosecutor requested him for remanding the accused to police custody. By that time, Mr. L.N. Prashar, Advocate, one of the contemnors/appellants herein, who represented the accused, opposed the request of police remand. After hearing the arguments, the Magistrate c remanded the accused to police custody. When the order of police remand was not found favourable, Mr. L.N. Prashar, advocate became enraged and started hurling abuses and derogatory remarks against him. Upon hearing the remarks, he tried to pacify him and requested him to behave properly but 0 he did not relent and again uttered unparliamentary words and also threatened him with dire consequences.

(b) It was further stated that the accused Soran was being produced in four criminal cases on that very day and was being represented by Mr. Prashar in all the matters. When he took E another remand paper of the same accused, Mr. Prashar became furious and again uttered unparliamentary words and also threatened him. When he kept on sitting on the dias, Mr.

Prashar called his fellow colleagues including Mr. O.P. Sharma, Rajinder Sharma, Surinder Sharma, Advocates, in total about F 15-20 advocates, who all belonged to the same group. Then, he requested Mr. O.P. Sharma, who is a senior member of the Bar, to request Mr. Prashar to behave properly in the Court.

However, Mr. O.P. Sharma sided with Mr. Prashar and along with other advocates shouted slogans and abus.ed in filthy G language and also threatened him.

(c) It was further stated that advocates were very aggressive and wanted to assault him physically. To avoid any further deterioration in the situation, he retired to his Chamber.

A One of his staff members, namely, Shri Raj Kumar, Ahlmad, had informed the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Faridabad and the Judicial Magistrate, 1st Class, Faridabad about the incident and they came to his Chamber and they also overheard Mr. Prashar, shouting in the Court. After sometime, Mr. O.P. Goyal, Addi.

B District & Sessions Judge, Faridabad came there and pacified the advocates.

(d) In continuation of his letter dated 14.09.1999, the Magistrate addressed another letter dated 24.09.1999 to the C District Judge, Faridabad. In the said letter, it was stated that Mr. Prashar and Mr. 0 .P. Sharma, Advocates had criminal 1. record and these persons have indulged in pressure tactics since long and highlighted all the details about them.

(e) The entire incident was published in a local newspaper D 'Mazdoor Morcha' which necessitated action under the Act against Shri Satish Kumar, owner, publisher, printer and Editor of the said newspaper.

(f) Based on the letter of the District & Sessions Judge as

~ well as letter of the Judicial Magistrate, Faridabad, the High ' Court took the matter by suo motu and initiated contempt proceedings against the contemnors under Section 2(c) of the Act relating to the incident which took place on 11.09.1999 in the Court of Shri Rakesh Singh, Civil Judge, Faridabad for F taking appropriate action.

3. Before the High Court, the respective contemnors/ advocates filed affidavits highlighting the circumstances under which the unfortunate incident occurred and by filing separate affidavits they tendered unconditional apology and also' G regretted for the same. On direction by the High Court, all of them appeared before the Magistrate concerned and expressed their regret and also tendered unconditional apology. The Division Bench, taking note of seriousness of the issue and finding that the reference made by the Magistrate is H based upon correct facts and overall conduct of the contemnors

found all of them guilty of criminal contempt within the meaning A of Section 2(c) of the Act and imposed simple imprisonment of six months/three months with a fine of Rs.1,000-2,000/- each.

As stated earlier, challenging the said conviction and sentence, the above appeals have been filed.

4. Heard Mr. Ram Jethmalani and Mr. V. Giri, learned

1 senior counsel for the appellants and Mr. S. Chandra Shekhar, learned counsel for the respondent.

Submission of Mr. Ram Jethmalani

5. At the outset, Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel for the appellants submitted that in view of the fact that the appellants herein, after realizing their mistake immediately, offered unconditional apology by filing affidavits before the High

1 Court and also appeared before the Magistrate before whom 0 the unfortunate incident had occurred, tendered apology and . regret for their action, prayed for leniency and setting aside the order of the High Court sentencing the contemnors to jail. He also submitted that inasmuch as the alleged incident had occurred in September, 1999, considering the passage of time E and by realizing the mistake tendered unconditional apology before the High Court as well as before the concerned Magistrate, their sentence of imprisonment may be set aside.

He further submitted that all the appellants/contemnors prepared to file fresh affidavits conveying their unconditional apology and F regret for the incident and also assured that they would not indulge in such activities in future.

Controversial behaviour of the Contemnors

6. Before considering the acceptability of the affidavits filed G

1 by the appellants, in order to visualize seriousness of the matter, it is useful to refer the exchange of words and behaviour of the appellants (in English version) while the Magistrate remanded the accused Soran to police custody. They are:

"You have taken bribe. You do all works only after taking bribe. You are indulging in gangism."

"What can you do to me. You may make contempt against me. I will suck your blood. I will not leave you till High Court.

Bahanchod, you are considering this Court as inn. Come out, we will just now teach you a taste of Judgeship. My name is L.N. Prashar. You will come to know today as to how you pass orders against me. Even earlier, criminal cases are pending against me. If one more case proceeds against me, it would make no difference. It would cause you very clearly to have an enmity with me and now I will see to it that I suck your blood. If you have any courage, you come out."

7. When the Magistrate took up another remand paper of D the same accused, Mr. Prashar, again became furious and uttered that:

"You dismiss this bail application. I have no faith in your Court. I am not going to furnish any bail bonds. There is no need for us to have any bail from your Court."

8. At that stage, the Magistrate asked his Reader to call the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Faridabad so that the situation could be brought under control. On this, Mr. Prashar remarked:

F "What can your CJM do. You may call him as well. We will see your CJM also. You are indulging in big gangism."

9. Thereafter, the Magistrate requested Mr. O.P. Sharma, Advocate, who is a senior member of the Bar, to request Mr.

G Prashar to behave properly in the Court. However, Mr. O'.P.

Sharma, Advocate, sided with Mr. Prashar and shouted.

"We will do like this only. Lock his Court and raise slogans against him .... On the asking of Shri O.P. Sharma,

Advocate~ other Advocates accompanying him raised H slogans, "RAKESH SINGH MURDABAD, RAKESH

SINGH MURDABAD .....

..... He was also threatened by saying you come out. We will see your gangism."

10. When all the officers were sitting in the chamber of the B Magistrate, they over-heard Mr. Prashar shouting in the Court in loud voice saying,

' "You are indulging in gangism. You are passing orders of I your choice. The contempt can not harm me. I will see to it as to how you remain in service." c

Professional Conduct and Etiquette - Rules and decisions of this Court

11. In the light of the above scenario, before considering the fresh affidavits filed before this Court by the appellants- D Advocates, let us recapitulate various earlier orders of this Court as to the duties of lawyer towards the Court and the Society being a member of the legal profession.

12. The role and status of lawyers at the beginning of E Sovereign and Democratic India is accounted as extremely vital in deciding that the Nation's administration was to be governed by the Rule of Law. They were considered intellectuals amongst the elites of the country and social activists amongst the downtrodden. These include the names of galaxy of lawyers like F Mahatma Gandhi, Motilal Nehru, Jawaharlal Nehru, Bhulabhai Desai, C. Rajagopalachari, Dr. Rajendra Prasad and Dr. B.R.

Ambedkar, to name a few. The role of lawyers in the framing of the Constitution needs no special mention. In a profession with such a vivid history it is regretful, to say the least, to witness G instances of the nature. of the present kind. Lawyers are the officers of the Court in the administration of justice.

13. Section I of Chapter-II, Part VI titled "Standards of Professional Conduct and Etiquette" of the Bar Council of.India

A Rules specifies the duties of an advocate towards the Court which reads as under: . ·

"Section I - Duty to the Court

1. An advocate shall, during the presentation of his case and while otherwise acting beforea court, conduct himself with dignity and selfrespect. He shall not be 'servile and whenever there is proper ground for serious complaint against a judicial officer, it shall be his rightand duty to submit his grievance to proper authorities. · . .

2. An advocate shall maitain towards the courts a respectful attitude, bearing in mind tht the dignity of the judicial office is essential for the survival of a free .community. . .

. 3. An advocate shall not influence the decision of a court .

by any illegal or improper n; ieans. Private communications

. with a judge relating to a pending case are forbidden .. . . . ,·. . - ' .

 4. An advocate shall use his best efforts tO 'resfrin and . prevent his client from resorting to sharp 6r unfair practices or from doing anything in !'elation to the court, opposing counsel or parties which the advocates himself ought not to do. An advocate shall refuse to represent the client who persists in such improper conduct. He shall not consider himself a mere mouth-piece of the client, and shall exercise .his own judgement in le use of restrained language in correspondence, avoiding _scurrilous attacks in pleadings, and using intemperate language dµring . arguments in court.

5. An advocate shall appear in court at all limes only in the prescribed dress, and his appearance shall always be presentable. · · ·

6. An advocate shall not enter appearance, act, plead or practise in any way before a court, Tribunal orAuthority

mentioned in Se.ction 30 of the Act, if the sole or any A member thereof is related to the advocate as father, grandfather, son, grand-son, uncle, brother, nephew, first cousin, husband, wife, mother, daughter, sister, aunt, niece, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, brother-inlaw daughter-in-law or sister-in-law.

For the purposes of this rule, Court shall mean a Court, Bench or Tribunal in which above mentioned relation of the Advocate is a Judge, Member or the Presiding Officer.

7. An advocate shall not wear bands or gown in public places other than in courts except on such ceremonial occasions and at such places as the Bar Council of India or the court may prescribe.

8. An advocate shall not appear in or before any court or tribunal or any other authority for or against an organisation or an institution, society or corporation, if he is a member

of the Executive Committee of such organisation or institution or society or corporation. "Executive Committee E ", by whatever name it may be called, shall include any Committee or body of persons which, for the time being, is vested with the general management of the affairs of the organisation or institution, society or corporation.

Provided that this rule shall not apply to such a F member appearing as "amicus curiae" or without a fee on behalf of a Bar Council, Incorporated Law Society or a Bar Association.

9. An Advocate should not act or plead in any matter in G which he is himself peculiarly interested.

Illustration

I. He should not act in a bankruptcy petition when he himself is also a creditor of the bankrupt.

A II. He should not accept a brief from a company of which he is Director.

10. An advocate shall not stand as a surety, or certify the soundness of a surety for his client required for the purpose B of any legal proceedings."

14. In the case of Daroga Singh and Others vs. B.K.

Pandey, (2004) 5 SCC 26, one Additional District and Sessions Judge was attacked in a pre-planned and calculated manner in his courtroom and chamber by police officials for not C passing an order they sought. This Court held that,

"The Courts cannot be compelled to give "command orders". The act committed amounts to deliberate interference with the discharge of duty of a judicial officer D by intimidation apart from scandalizing and lowering the dignity of the Court and interfeence with the administration of justice. The effect of such an act is not confined to a particular court or a district, or the State, it has the tendency to effect the entire judiciary in the country. It is a dangerous E trend. Such a trend has to be curbed. If for passing judicial orders to the annoyance of the police the presiding officers of the Courts are to be assaulted and humiliated the judicial system in the country would collapse."

15. In R.D. Saxena vs. Bairam Prasad Sharma, (2000) 7 F SCC 264, this Court held as under:

"In our country, admittedly, a social duty is cast upon the legal profession to show the people beckon (sic beacon) light by their conduct and actions. The poor, uneducated G and exploited mass of the people need a helping hand from the legal profession, admittedly, acknowledged as a most respectable profession. No effort should be made or allowed to be made by which a litigant could be deprived of his rights, statutory as well as constitutional, by an H advocate only on account of the exalted position conferred

upon him under the judicial system prevalent in the A t " coun ry ........

16. In Mahabir Prasad Singh vs. Jacks Aviation Pvt. Ltd.,

(1999) 1 SCC 37, this Court held that it is the solemn duty of every Court to proceed with judicial function during Court hours 8 and no Court should yield to pressure tactics or boycott calls or any kind of browbeating. The Bench as well as the Bar has to avoid unwarranted situations or trivial issues that hamper the cause of justice and are in the interest of none.

17. In the case of Ajay Kumar Pandey, Advocate, In Re: C , (1998) 7 sec 248, the advocate was charged of criminal contempt of Court for the use of intemperate language and casting unwarranted aspersions on various judicial officers and attributing motives to them while discharging their judicial functions. This Court held as under: D

"The subordinate judiciary forms the very backbone of administration of justice. This Court would come down a heavy hand for preventing the judges of the subordinate judiciary or the High Court from being subjected to E

scurrilous and indecent attacks, which scandalise or have the tendency to scandalise, or lower or have the tendency to lower the authority of any court as also all such actions which interfere or tend to interfere with the due course of any judicial proceedings or obstruct or tend to obstruct the administration of justice in any other manner. No affront to F the majesty of law can be permitted. The fountain of justice cannot be allowed to be polluted by disgruntled litigants.

The protection is necessary for the courts to enable them to discharge their judicial functions without fear."

18. In Chetak Construction Ltd. vs. Om Prakash & Ors.,

(1998) 4 SCC 577, this Court deprecated the practice of making allegations against the Judges and observed as under:

"Indeed, no lawyer or litigant can be permitted to browbeat

A the court or malign the presiding officer with a view to get a favourable order. Judges shall not be able to perform their duties freely and fairly if such activities were permitted and in the result administration of justice would become a casualty and rule of law would receive a setback. The B Judges are obliged to decide cases impartially and without any fear or favour. Lawyers and litigants cannot be allowed to "terrorize" or "intimidate" Judges with a view to "secure" orders which they want. This is basic and fundamental and no civilised system of administration of justice can permit c it ........ "

Similar view has been reiterated in Radha Mohan Lal vs.

Rajasthan High Court, (2003) 3 SCC 427.

19. Advocacy touches and asserts the primary value of D freedom of expression. It is a practical manifestation of the principle of freedom of speecn. Freedom of expression in arguments encourages the development of judicial dignity, forensic skills of advocacy and enables protection of fraternity, equality and justice. It plays its part in helping to secure the E protection or other fundamental human rights, freedom of expression, therefore, is one of the basic conditions for the progress of advocacy and for the development of every man including legal fraternity practising the profession of law.

Freedom of expression, therefore, is vital to the maintenance F of free society. It is essential to the rule of law and liberty of the citizens. The advocate or the party appearing in person, therefore, is given liberty of expression. But they equally owe countervailing duty to maintain dignity, decorum and order in the court proceedings or judicial processes. Any adverse G opinion about the judiciary should only be expressed in a detached manner and respectful language. The liberty of free expression is not to be confounded or confused with licence to make unfounded allegations against any institution, much less the judiciary [vide D. C. Saxena vs. The Hon'ble Chief H Justice of India, (1996) 5 SCC 216).

20. In the matter of In re: Vinay Chandra Mishra (the A alleged contemner), (1995) 2 sec 534, the contemner who was a senior advocate, President of the Bar and Chairman of the Bar Council of India, on being questioned by the Judge started to shout and said that no question could have been put to him and that he will get the High Court Judge transferred or B see that impeachment motion is brought against him in Parliament. This Court while sentencing him to simple imprisonment for six weeks suspended him from practising as an advocate for a period of three years and laid down as follows: c

"The contemner has obviously misunderstood his function both as a lawyer representing the interests of his client and as an officer of the court. Indeed, he has not tried to defend the said acts in either of his capacities. On the other hand, he has tried to deny them. Hence, much need not be said D on this subject to remind him of his duties in both the capacities. It is, however, necessary to observe that by

indulging in the said acts, he has positively abused his position both as a lawyer and as an officer of the Court, and has done distinct disservice to the litigants in general E and to the profession of law and the administration of justice in particular."

21. In the case of Supreme Courl Bar Association vs.

Union of India & Anr., (1998) 4 SCC 409, a Constitution Bench F of this Court overruled In re: Vinay Chandra Mishra (the alleged contemner) and held as under:

"The power of the Supreme Court to punish for contempt of court, though quite wide, is yet limited and cannot be expanded to include the power to determine whether an G advocate is also guilty of "Professional misconduct" in a summary manner which can only be done under the procedure prescribed in the Advocates Act. The power to do.complete justice under Article 142 is in a way, corrective power, which gives preference to equity over law H

A but it cannot be used to deprive a professional lawyer of the due process contained in the Advocates Act 1961 by suspending his licence to practice in a summary manner, while dealing with a case of contempt of court."

B It also opined that:-

"An Advocate who is found guilty of contempt of court may also, as already noticed, be guilty of professional misconduct in a given case but it is for the Bar Council of the State or Bar Council of India to punish that Advocate by either debarring him from practice or suspending his licence, as may be warranted, in the facts and circumstances of each case. The learned Solicitor General informed us that there have been cases where the Bar Council of India taking note of the contumacious and objectionable conduct of an advocate, had initiated disciplinary proceedings against him and even punished him for "professional misconduct", on the basis of his having been found guilty of committing contempt of court.

We do not entertain any doubt that the Bar Council of the State or Bar Council of India, as the case may be, when apprised of the established contumacious conduct of an advocate by the High Court or by this Court, would rise to the occasion, and taken appropriate action against such an advocate. Under Article 144 of the Constitution "all authorities, civil and judicial, in the territory of India shall act in aid of the Supreme Court. The Bar Council which performs a public duty and is charged with the obligation to protect the dignity of the profession and maintain professional standards and etiquette is also obliged to act "in aid of the Supreme Court ". It must, whenever, facts warrant rise to the occasion and discharge its duties uninfluenced by the position of the contemner advocate. It must act in accordance with the prescribed procedure, whenever its attention is drawn by this Court to the contumacious and unbecoming conduct of an advocate

which has the tendency to interfere with due administration A of justice ..... "

The Bench went on to say :-

" ......... There is no justification to assume that the Bar Council is would not rise to the occasion, as they are B equally responsible to uphold the dignity of the courts and the majesty of law and prevent any interference in the administration of justice. Learned counsel for the parties present before us do not dispute and rightly so that whenever a court of record, records its findings about the C conduct of an Advocate while finding him guilty of committing contempt of court and desires or refers the matter to be considered by the concerned Bar Council, appropriate action should be initiated by the concerned Bar Council in accordance with law with a view to maintain the o dignity of the courts and to uphold the majesty of law and professional standards and etiquette."

22. fn M.B. & Sanghi, Advocate vs. High Court of Punjab & Haryana, (1991) 3 SCC 600, this Court took notice of the growing tendency amongst some of the Advocates of adopting E a defiant attitude and casting aspersions having failed to persuade the Court to grant an order in the terms they expect.

Holding the Advocates guilty of contempt, this Court observed as under:

"The tendency of maligning the reputation of Judicial Officers by disgruntled elements who fail to secure the desired order is ever on the increase and it is high time it

is nipped fat the bud. And, when a member of the profession resorts to such cheap gimmicks.with' a view to G browbeating the Judge into submission, it is all the more painful. When there is a deliberate attempt to scandalise which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in the system the damage caused is not only to the reputation of the concerned Judge but also to the fair name H

of the judiciary, Veiled threats, abrasive behavior, use of disrespectful language and at times blatant condemnatory attacks like the present one are often designedly employed with a view to taming a judge into submission to secure a desired order. Such cases raise larger issues touching the independence of not only the concerned Judge but the entire institution. The foundation of our system which is based on the independence and impartiality of those who man it will be shaken if disparaging and derogatory remarks are made against the Presiding Judicial Officers with impunity. It is high time that we realise that the much cherished judicial independence has to be protected not only from the executive or the legislature but also from those who are an integral part of the system."

23. In the case of L.D. Jaikwal v. State of Uttar Pradesh,

(1984) 3 SCC 405, it.was held by this Court that acceptance of an apology from contemnor should only be a matter of exception and not that of a rule and expressed its opinion as under:

. "6. We do not think that merely because the appellant has tendered his apology we should set aside the sentence and allow him to go unpunished. Otherwise, all that a person wanting to intimidate a Judge by making the grossest imputations against him to do, is to go ahead and scandalize him, and later on tender a formal empty apology which costs him practically nothing. If such an apology were to be accepted, as a rule, and not as an exception, we would in fact be virtually issuing a 'licence' to scandalize courts and commit contempt of court with impunity. It will be rather difficult to persuade members of the Bar, who care for their self-respect, to join the judiciary if they are expected to pay such a price for it. And no sitting Judge will feel free to decide any matter as per the of his conscience on account of the fear of being

scandalized and prosecuted by an advocate who does not A mind making reckless allegations if the Judge goes against his wishes. If this situation were to be countenanced, advocates who can cow down the Judges, and make them fall in line with their wishes, by threats of character assassination and persecution, will be preferred B by the litigants to the advocates who are mindful of professional ethics and believe in maintaining the decorum of courts.

7. We have yet to come across a Judge who can take a C decision which does not displease one side or the other.

By the very nature of his work he has to decide matters against one or other of the parties. If the fact that he renders a decision which is resented to by a litigant or his lawyer were to expose him to such risk, it will sound the death knell of the institution. A line has therefore to. be drawn D somewhere, some day, by someone. That is why the Court is impelled to act (rather than merely sermonize), much as the Court dislikes imposing punishment whilst exercising the contempt jurisdiction, which no doubt has to be exercised very sparingly and with circumspection. We do E not think that we can adopt an attitude of unmerited leniency at the cost of principle and at the expense of the\ Judge who has been scandalized. We are fully aware that it is not very difficult to show magnanimity when someone else is the victim rather than when oneself is the victim. To F pursue a populist line of showing indulgence is not very difficult - in fact it is more difficult to resist the temptation to do so rather than to adhere to the nail-studded path of duty. Institutional perspective demands that considerations of populism are not allowed to obstruct the path of duty. G We, therefore, cannot take a lenient or indulgent view of this matter. We dread the day when a Judge cannot work with independence by reason of the fear that a disgruntled member of the Bar can publicly humiliate him and heap disgrace on him with impunity, if any of his orders, or the H

A decision rendered by him, displeases any of the advocates, appearing in the matter.

24. In the case of R.K. Garg Advocate v. State of- Himachal Pradesh, (1981) 3 SCC 166, where a lawyer hurled B a shoe on the judicial officer which hit him on the shoulder, this Court opined that there is no doubt that the Bar and the Bench are an integral part of the same mechanism which administers justice to the people. Many members of the Bench are drawn from the Bar and their past association is a source of inspiration and pride to them. It ought to be a matter of equal C pride to the Bar. It is unquestionably true that courtesy breeds courtesy and just as charity has to begin at home, courtesy must begin with the Judge. A discourteous Judge is like an ill-tuned instrument in the setting of a courtroom. But members of the Bar will do well to remember that such flagrant violations of D professional ethics and cultured conduct will only result in the

ultimate destruction of a system without which no democracy can survive.

25. In La/it Mohan Das vs. Advoate General, Orissa & E Another, AIR 1957 SC 250, this Court observed as under:

"A member of the Bar undoubtedly owes a duty to his client and must place before the Court all that can fairly and reasonably be submitted on behalf of his client. He may even submit that a particular order is not correct and may ask for a review of that order. At the same time, a member of the Bar is an officer of the Court and owes a duty to the Court in which he is appearing. He must uphold the dignity and decorum of the Court and must not do anything to bring the Court itself into disrepute. The appellant before us grossly overstepped the limits of propriety when he made imputations of partiality and unfairness against the Munsif in open Court. In suggesting that the Munsif followed no principle in his orders, the appellant was adding insult to injury, because the Munsif had merely upheld an order of his predecessor on the preliminary point of jurisdiction and

Court fees, which order had been upheld by the High Court A in revision. Scandalizing the Court in such manner is really polluting the very fount of justice; such conduct as the appellant indulged in was not a matter between an individual member of the Bar and a member of the judicial service; if brought into disrepute the whole administration B of justice."

26. A lawyer cannot be a mere mouthpiece of his client and cannot associate himself with his client in maligning the reputation of judicial officer merely because his client failed to C secure the desired order from the said officer. A deliberate attempt to scandalize the Court which would shake the confidence of the litigating public in the system and would cause a very serious damage to the name of the judiciary. [vide M. Y.

Shareef & Anr. Vs. Hon'ble Judges of Nagpur High Court & Ors., (1955) 1 SCR 757; Shamsher Singh Bedi vs. High Court D of Punjab & Haryana, (1996) 7 SCC 99 and M.B. Sanghi, Advocate vs. High Court of Punjab & Haryana & Ors. (supra)].

27. Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel, strenuously pleaded to accept the solemn statements made by E all the appellants-Advocates in the form of affidavits dated 28.04.2011. Now, we are reproducing the affidavit filed before us by Mr. O.P. Sharma (appellant No.1 herein):

"IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA

CRIMINAL APPELLATE JURISDICTlON

CRIMINAL APPEAL NOS. 1108-1115 OF 2004

In the matter of

O.P. Sharma & Ors . . . . .. . . . . .. Petitioners

A Versus

High Court of Punjab & Haryana ........ Respondent

AFFIDAVIT

I, O.P. Sharma, S/o Late Shri M.R. Sharma aged about 61 years R/o 252 Sector-9, Faridabad, Haryana presently at New Delhi do hereby solemnly affirm and state as under:-

1. That the Deponent is one of the appellants in the abovementioned Appeals.

2. That the deponent has the highest and abiding faith in the institution of Judiciary and can not imagine saying or doing any thing which would undermine the dignity and prestige of the institution.

3. That the deponent hereby tenders unconditional apology before this Hon'ble Court for thE. !ncident which took place in the Courts at Faridabad out of which this contempt proceedings arise and further undertake to maintain a good behaviour in future.

4. That at the first available opportunity the unconditional

apology and undertaking for maintaining good behaviour was filed before the Ld. Magistrate.

Sd/-

Deponent

VERIFICATION

I the abovenamed deponent do hereby verify that the contents of the above affidavit are true to the best of my knowledge.

Verified at New Delhi on this 28th Day of April, 2011.

Sd/-

Deponent"

Similar affidavits have been filed by other appellants reiterating B what they had stated before the High Court and the Magistrate concerned tendering unconditional apology for the incident which took place in the Court at Faridabad. They also assured this Court that they would maintain good behaviour in future.

Though sub-Section 1 of Section 12 of the Act enables the court c to award simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, proviso empowers the court that accused may be discharged or punishment awarded may be remitted on apology being made to the satisfaction of the court. In fact, Explanation to this Section makes it clear that an apology shall D not be rejected merely on the ground that it is qualified or conditional if the accused makes it bona fide.

28. Considering the plea made by Mr. Ram Jethmalani, learned senior counsel and President of the Supreme Court Bar Association, in tendering unconditional apology, recorded E even at the initial stage before the High Court and before the Magistrate, Faridabad before whom the unwanted incident had occurred and the present affidavits filed before us once again expressing unconditional apology and regret with an undertaking that they would maintain good behaviour in future F and in view of the language used in 'proviso' and 'explanation' appended to Section 12(1) of the Act, we accept the affidavits filed by all the Appellants.

29. Shri Satish Kumar, owner, publisher, printer and Editor G of 'Majdur Morcha' newspaper has also filed affidavit before this Court similar to one by the other appellants. Considering the fact that the newspaper has merely published what had happened in the Court, we are of the view that it would be just and fair to apply the same relief to him also. We reiterate that H

A acceptance of an apology from a contemnor should only be a matter of exception and not that of a rule.

30. A Court, be that of a Magistrate or the Supreme Court is sacrosanct. The integrity and sanctity of an institution which B has bestowed upon itself the responsibility of dispensing justice is ought to be maintained. All the functionaries, be it advocates, judges and the rest of the staff ought to act in accordance with

morals and ethics.

Advocates Role and Ethical Standards: c

31. An advocate's duty is as important as that of a Judge.

Advocates have a large responsibility towards the society. A client's relationship with his/her advocate is underlined by utmost trust. An advocate is expected to act with utmost sincerity

0 and respect. In all professional functions, an advocate should I

be diligent and his conduct should also be diligent and should conform to the requirements of the law by which an advocate plays a vital role in the preservation of society and justice system. An advocate is under an obligation to uphold the rule E of law and ensure that the public justice system is enabled to

1 function at its full potential. Any violation of the principles of professional ethics by an advocate is unfortunate and unacceptable. Ignoring even a minor violation/misconduct militates against the fundamental foundation of the public justice F system. An advocate should be dignified in his dealings to the ' Court, to his fellow lawyers and to the litigants. He should have integrity in abundance and should never do anything that erodes his credibility. An advocate has a duty to enlighten and encourage the juniors in the profession. An ideal advocate should believe that the legal profession has an element of G service also and associates with legal service activities. Most

importantly, he should faithfully abide by the standards of professional conduct and etiquette prescribed by the Bar Council of India in Chapter II, Part VI of the Bar Council of India

Rules.

32. As a rule, an Advocate being a member of the legal A profession has a social duty to show the people a beacon of light by his conduct and actions rather than being adamant on an unwarranted and uncalled for issue.

33. We hope and trust that the entire legal fraternity would B set an example for other professionals by adhering to all the above-mentioned principles.

34. In the light of the above discussion and reasons which we have noted in the earlier paras and as an exception to the general rule, we accept the unconditional apology tendered in C the form of affidavits in terms of proviso to Section 12( 1) of the Act and discharge all the appellants. ·

35. All the appeals are disposed of on the above terms ..

R.P.

Appeals disposed of.