(2009] 5 S.C.R. 362

PHOOL PATTI AND ANR.

RAM SINGH (DEAD) THROUGH LRS. & ANR.

(Civil Appeal No. 1240 of 2005)

MARCH 31, 2009

[MARKANDEY KAT JU AND ASOK KUMAR

GANGUL Y, JJ.]

Registration Act, 1908: s.17(2)(vi) - Exception in c s.17(2)(vi) - Interpretation of - Inconsistency between the decisions of Supreme Court regarding interpretation of exception in s.17(2)(vi) - Matter referred to larger Bench - Reference to larger Bench.

Appeal: First appellate court - Finding of first appellate D court that consent decree in another suit was not collusive was a finding of fact - High Court rightly refused to interfere with the findings of fact.

Interpretation of statutes: Court cannot add words to the

E statute or change its language, particularly when on a plain reading the meaning is clear.

The appellants were daughters of one 'B'. They filect a suit No. 234 of 1982 challenging a consent decree dated 24.11.1980 in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 on the F ground that same was collusive. The trial court decreed the suit. However, first appellate court set aside the order of trial court. High Court dismissed the appeal. Hence the present appeal.

Referring the matter to larger Bench on interpretation G of exception in clause (vi) of s.17(2) of Registration Act, the Court

HELD: 1. The finding of the First Appellate Court that the judgment and decree dated 24.11.1980 was not

collusive is a finding of fact. '8' who was the defendant 362

PHOOL PATii AND ANR. v. RAM SINGH (DEAD) 363 ...

THROUGH LRS. & ANR.

in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 supported the judgment and A

decree dated 24.11.1980 by giving his evidence on oath.

On the other hand the appellants did not appear at any stage of the trial of the suit being No.234 of 1982 before

-~ the trial Court to stake or affirm or claim any right in the disputed land. '8' was residing with the respondents for B the last several years and he treated the respondent as his real son. As regards the appellants who were his daughters, they were married long back, and left for their maternal home, and 'B' was living with the respondent alone. 'B' was said to have had great love and affection c for the respondent. There was a family arrangement in which the disputed property fell exclusively to the respondent. Since the consent decree dated 24.11.1980 was held by the first appellate court to be not collusive, .. the High Court rightly refused to interfere with that D findings of fact. [Paras 5 to 9] [365-D-H; 366-A-B]

2.1. The exception mentioned in Section 17(2)(vi) of Registration Act, 1908 means that if a suit is filed by the plaintiff in respect of property 'A', then a decree in that suit in respect of immovable property 'B' (which was not E the subject-matter of the suit at all) would require registration. This was the view taken by this Court in *K.

Raghunandan Case. [Para 12] [366-E]

A *K. Raghunandan & Ors. v. Ali Hussain Sabir & Ors.

(2008) 9Scale 215 and **Bhoop Singh v. Ram Singh Major 1995 (5) sec 709, referred to.

2.2. There seems to be inconsistency between the decisions of this Court in *K. Raghunandan's case and **Bhoop Singh's case in so far as the interpretation to the G exception in clause (vi) of Section 17(2) of the Registration Act is concerned. Prima facie it seems that the decision in **Bhoop Singh's case does not lay down the correct law. It is a well settled principle of

A interpretation that the Court cannot add words to the statute or change its language, particularly when on a plain reading the meaning seems to be clear. Since there is no mention of any pre-existing right in the exception in clause (vi) it is difficult to accept the views in **Bhoop B Singh's case. [Para!; 14 and 16] (367-A-B, F]

Case Law Reference:

(2008) 9 Scale 215

1995 (5) sec 109

referred to

referred to

Para 12

Para 13

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 1240 of 2005.

From the Judgment & Order dated 22.10.2003 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Regular Second D Appeal No. 2176 of 1985.

Mahabir Singh, Rakesh Dahiya, Urned Singh Gulia and Rutwik Panda for the Appellants.

Nidesh Gupta, S.K. Bansal, Savitri Bansal, Dr. Kailash Chand, Ashok Kumar Sharma and Avinash Kumar Jain for the E Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

MARKANDEY KAT JU, J. 1. This appeal by special leave has been filed against the impugned judgment of the Punjab F and Haryana High Court dated 22.10.2003 in Regular Second

Appeal No.2176 of 1985.

2. Heard learned counsel for the parties and perused the record.

3. The appellants are the daughters of one Bhagwana.

They along with one Shobha Ram filed Civil Suit No.234 of 1982 against the respondents challenging the decree in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 regarding certain land and a house filed by Ram Singh against Bhagwana on the ground that the said H suit was a collusive suit and hence the decree was illegal and

PHOOL PATii AND ANR. v. RAM SINGH (DEAD) 365

-... I

THROUGH LRS. & ANR. [MARKANDEY KAT JU, J.]

void. Accordingly the prayer in Civil Suit No.234 of 1982 filed A by the appellants was to set aside the decree in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980. The trial court on 31.5.1983 decreed Civil Suit No.234 of 1982 and set aside the judgment and decree dated 24.11.1980 in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 on the ground that the

-1 same was collusive. However, in the first appeal under Section B 96 C.P.C. the learned Additional District and Sessions Judge, Sonepat allowed the appeal and set aside the judgment of the trial court and dismissed the suit by his judgment dated 21.3.1985.

4. Aggrieved against the judgment of the learned c Additional District and Sessions Judge dated 21.3.1985 the appellants filed a second appeal before the High Court which was dismissed by the impugned judgment dated 22.10.2003.

Hence this appeal by special leave.

5. The finding of the First Appellate Court that the judgment D

and decree dated 24.11.1980 in Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 was not collusive is a finding of fact. It may be noted that Bhagwana who was the defendant in the said Civil Suit No.630 of 1980 was alive when the Suit No.18 of 1982 was filed and he had supported the judgment and decree dated 24.11.1980 in Civil E

Suit No.630of1980 by giving his evidence on oath as DW2. ·

6. On the other hand the appellants did not appear at any

stage of the trial of the suit being No. 234 of 1982 before the F trial court to stake or affirm or claim any right in the disputed land.

7. It has come in evidence that Bhagwana was residing with the respondents for the last several years and Bhagwana treated the respondent as his real son. As regards the G appellants who are daughters of Bhagwana, they had been .. married long back, and had left for their maternal home, and hence Bhagwana was living with the respondent alone.

Bhagwana is said to have had great love and affection for the respondent. There was a family arrangement in which the H

A disputed property fell exclusively to the respondent.

9. Since the consent decree dated 24.11.1980 had been held by the First Appellate Court to be not collusive, the High Court in our opinion rightly refused to interfere with that findings

8 of fact.

10. It was then urged by the learned counsel for the appellant that there was violation of the Section 17 of the Registration Act, 1908.

11. In this connection, it may be noted that Section 17(2)(vi) c of the Registration Act states that "nothing in clauses (b) and

(c) of sub-section(1) of Section 17 applies to:

"any decree or order of a Court except a decree or order expressed to be made on a compromise and comprising

D immovable property other than that which is the subjectmatter of the suit or proceeding." 'l'

(emphasis supplied)

12. In our opinion the exception mentioned in Section 17(2)(vi) means that if a suit is filed by the plaintiff in respect E of property A, then a decree in that suit in respect of immovable

property 8 (which was not the subject-matter of the suit at all) will require registration. This is the view taken by this Court in K. Raghunandan & Ors. vs. Ali Hussain Sabir & Ors. 2008(9) Scale 215.

13. However, a different view was taken by this Court in Jc Bhoop Singh vs. Ram Singh Major 1995(5) SCC 709 in which it is stated that :

" ...... We would think that the exception engrafted is meant

G to cover that decree or order of a court, including a decree or order expressed to be made on a compromise, which declares the pre-existing right and does not by itself create new right, title or interest in praesenti in immovable ...

property of the value of Rs.100 or upwards ................. "

H (emphasis supplied)

PHOOL PATii AND ANR. v. RAM SINGH (DEAD) 367 ..

THROUGH LRS. & ANR. [MARKANDEY KAT JU, J.]

14. In our opinion there seems to be inconsistency between A the decisions of this Court in Bhoop Singh's case (supra) and K. Raghunandan's case (supra) in so far as the interpretation to the exception in clause (vi) of Section 17(2) of the Registration Act is concerned. Prima facie it seems to us that the decision in Bhoop Singh's case (supra) does not lay down B the correct law since Section 17(2)(vi) on its plain reading has nothing to do with any pre existing right. All that seems to have been stated therein is that if a decree is passed regarding some immovable property which is not a subject-matter of the suit then it will require registration. As already explained above, c if a suit is filed in respect of property A but the decree is in respect of immovable property B, then the decree so far as it relates to immovable property B will require registration. This seems to be the plain meaning of clause (vi) of Section 17(2) "I of the Registration Act.

D ~

15. It is a well settled principle of interpretation that the Court cannot add words to the statute or change its language, particularly when on a plain reading the meaning seems to be clear. Since there is no mention of any preexisting right in the exception in clause (vi) we have found it difficult to accept the E views in Bhoop Singh's case (supra).

16. It seems that there is inconsistency in the decisions of this Court in Bhoop Singh's case (sup, ra) and K.

Raghunandan's case (supra), and since we are finding it ) difficult to agree with the decision of this Court in Bhoop Singh's F - case (supra), the matter should be considered by a larger Bench of this Court.

17. Let the papers be laid before Hon'ble the Chief Justice of India for constituting a larger Bench for interpreting the G exception in clause (vi) of Section 17(2) of the Registration Act.

D.G.

Matter referred to larger Bench.