[2009] 2 S.C.R. 765

~....,

PRITHU @ PRITHI CHAND AND ANR.

A V.

STATE OF H.P.

Criminal Appeal No. 330 of 2009

FEBRUARY 18, 2009 B

[DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND ASOK KUMAR GANGULY,

JJ.] ....

~ Penal Code, 1860 :

s. 304 Part I rlw s. 34 and s. 300, Exception 4 - Sudden c quarrel - Accused allegedly gave fist blows to deceased and hit him with stones - Acquittal by trial court - Set aside by High Court in appeal - Held: Minor discrepancies in statement of witnesses was inconsequential - Evidence was sufficient to

.... convict the accused - High Court right in convicting the D r accused persons u/s 304 Part I.

Evidence - Witness - Appreciation of - Principles re" iterated.

According to the prosecution, In course of a quarrel, E the accused persons gave fist blows to the deceased and hit him with stones. The three accused faced trial for alleged commission of offence punishable under s.302

--1._ read with s.34 of IPC. The trial court did not find the ,. evidence to be credible and directed acquittal of the accused. On appeal by the State, the High Court set aside F the order of acquittal and directed each of the accused persons guilty of offence punishable under s.304 Part I, IPC r/w s.34 IPC. Hence the present appeal.

Dismissing the appeal, the Court

G ...

HELD:1. The accused persons pleaded that the /: ' evidence of the eye witnesses cannot be accepted as there were omissions, contradictions and discrepancies in the evidence of most of the prosecution witnesses. In

765 H

A the effort to false implication prosecution made -,.....-~- introduction of PW-9 an eye witness. It is fairly settled position in law that even if there are some omissions, contradictions and discrepancies the entire evidence cannot be discarded. After exercising care and caution

B and sifting the evidence to separate the truth from untruth, exaggeration, embellishments and improvements, the court can come to a conclusion as to whether the residual evidence is sufficient to convict the accused. [Para 5]

"'!'"

[ 770-8]

.,._

2. A witness cannot be accepted to possess a photographic memory and to recall the deals of on t incident verbatim. Ordinarily, it so happens that a witness

i~ overtaken by events. A witness could not have anticipated the occurrence which very often has an p element of surprise. The mental faculties cannot, " therefore, be expected to be attuned to absorb all the "I details. Thus, minor discrepancies were bound to occur in the statement of witnesses. [Para 61 [ 770-F] 1\:r

3. The High Court analysed the evidence in the aforesaid background and rightly came to the conclusion that the guilt of the accused persons was established. [Para. 7] [ 770-G]

~· Sohra6 and Anr. V. The State of M.P. AIR (1972) SC 2020; ...

F $f{!Jte of UP. v. M.K. Anthony AIR (1985) SC 48 and Bharwada

Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai v. State of Gujarat AIR (1983) SC 753 - relied on.

Case Law Reference

AIR (1972) SC 2020 relied on Para 5

AIR (1985) SC 48 relied on Para 5 ...

' ....

AIR (1983) SC 753 relied on Para 6

CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal H No. 330 of 2009

PRITHU @ PRITHI CHAND AND ANR. V. 767

STATE OF H.P.

..., From the Judgement and Order dated 27.05.2008 of the High Court of Himachal Pradesh at Shimla in Criminal Appeal

No. 150 of 1994.

Anil Nag, Narender Tyagi, for the Appellant.

Naresh K. Sharma, for the Respondent.

B The Judgement of the Court was delivered by

DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J . ..,,

;,,

1. Leave granted.

2. Challenge in this appeal is to the judgment of a Division Bench of the Himachal Pradesh High Court setting aside the c

acquittal recorded by learned Additional Sessions Judge, Kangra, Dharamshala. Three accused persons, Bhola, Pruthu and Dharmu faced trial for alleged commission of offence punishable under Sections 302 read with 34 of the Indian Penal

~' Code, 1860 (in short the 'IPC'). The High Court by the impugned D

.,.., judgmenf set aside the order of acquittal and directed each of \ • the accused persons guilty of offence punishable under Section I

~ 304 Part I, IPC read with Section 34 IPC and sentenced each to undergo rigorous imprisonment for seven years and to pay a fine of Rs.5,000/-.

2. Background facts in a nutshell are as follows :

Fandi Ram (hereinafter referred to as the 'deceased')

J_ owed certain amount to Prehlad Chand (PW-10), merchant of

I J, village Bah on account of purchases made on credit. Appellant

is son of PW-10. On 14.2.1992 at 8.00 a.m. the accused F

appellant visited house of Fandi Ram and demanded payment due to his father. Fandi Ram told Bhola that he had to take loan from the society and would make payment. Bhola who was carrying a bottle of liquor asked Fandi Ram to go to society . shop after visiting the house of accused Prithu. Both of them G ,. went to the house of Prithu located in the village of Fandi Ram. ' " All the three sat in the house and started consuming liquor in which his brother Dharmu also joined. At about 2 p.m. Singhu (PW-4) son of deceased was sent by his widow Kailasho Devi (PW-3) to see if Fandi Ram had gone to society shop. Singho H

A reminded his father, but all the three accused told that they would accompany him to society shop. Singho then came and left for

,.....--.

village Kath la and Sardair Lal (PW-5) another son of deceased went to water mill (Gharat).

B At about 3.30 p.m Kail.Jsho and her son Jagdish from their house noticed all the three accused giving fist blows to Fandi Ram near the school, located in front of their house, separated by a drain from the school. Kailasho shouted why her husband 'r was being beaten and she accompanied by Jagdish rushed to the place of occurrence where her husband was being given a c beating. Bhola accused in her presence gave a stone blow on the head of Fandi Ram and ran away. Remaining accused also hit him with the stone on the head. Jagdish (PW-2) intervened but the accused Dharamu and Prithu also gave beatings to him.

The sleeve of the shirt of Jagdish got torn and one sleeve was D left on the spot. Jagdish tied a cloth around the head of his father, which was bleeding due to injuries. They took Fandi Ram to the ,-'( shop of Prehlad Chand (PW-10). On the way Sardari Lal (PW-

5) who was coming from water mill met them. He inquired about the cause of injuries from his father. Fandi Ram told him of the E accused beating him with stones with all the other accused due to the enmity of Panchayat elections. Then on the way to the shop of Prehlad Chand, Janam Singh, Nambardar (PW-6) met

thm who was also told by the deceased that he was beaten by the accused with stones due to Panchayat elections. Prehlad

-l I F Chand was also told by the deceased that he was beaten by the accused, who then tried to get the matter compounded and settled for Rs.600/-. But accused did not agree to make payment. Thereafter in the shop of Prehlad Chand, Fandi Ram fell unconscious. On way a Compounder Desh Raj (PW -12)

G provided him first aid.

~ Fandi Ram at about 11.00 p.m. succumbed to the injuries. ' ~' Further case revealed is that during night due to distance, injured

could not be taken to hospital at Shahpur located at a distance of 25 Kilometers, nor police could be informed. In the morning H of 15th February, 1992, Sardari Lal came to Shahpur to lodge

PRITHU @ PRITHI CHAND AND ANR. V. 769

STATE OF H.P. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

........ ........, report but when he reached village Darini, the bus had already A left. Therefore, Darini informed police station Shahpur on telephone about the occurrence upon which information A.S.1.

Feru Ram (PW-15) recorded Rapat Ex.P.19 and proceeded to the spot. In village of the deceased he recorded statement Ex.P- 5 of Jagdish Singh (PW-2), sent the same for registration of a.

B case. Prepared inquest report Ex. P. 2 and took Pama Ex. P. 10 vide memo Ex. P. 8 in possession. Investigation was

"'P' undertaken. After completion of investigation charge sheet was '

_.,

filed. ;

Trial Court did not accept the evidence to be credible and c directed acquittal. State questioned the acquittal.

The High Court found that the trial Court has over looked -"' the evidence of the eye witnesses, more particularly, PWs 2 to I'

5. It was also noted that PW-10 the father of accused Bhola

"' accepted that Kailasho Devi accompanied by her son and the D

__;, ... deceased in injured condition came to his shop and on enquiry Fandi Ram and his wife informed him that he was beaten by accused Dharmu and Fundi Ram also nodded his head supporting the version of his wife. The High Court noted that the evidence clearly established that the accused persons took liquor E

~ with the deceased in the house of accused Bhola. There was - Iii.' election dispute. PW-10 who was Pradhan proclaimed that he

-i. did not vote for a winning party and this was the bone of ,.. contention between the accused persons and the deceased. _,

The accused persons were also drunk. They started quarreling F with the deceased and gave him a fist blow and assaulted him with some stones which was witnessed by Kailasho Devi and her son Jagdish Singh from their house. Therefore, the order of acquittal was set aside.

3. In support of the appeal, learned counsel for the appellant G

-1 submitted that the evidence of the eye witnesses was not reliable > and, therefore, the order of acquittal should not have been set -' aside.

4. Learned counsel for the State on the other hand ..

submitted that the High Court had rightly held that in course of H

A sudden quarrel the occurrence took place and, therefore, had convicted the accused persons in terms of Exception 4 to Section 300 IPC by altering the conviction to Section 304 Part llPC.

5. It is to be noted that the accused persons pleaded that B the evidence of the eye witnesses cannot be accepted as there were omissions, contradictions and discrepancies in the evidence of most of the prosecution witnesses. In the effort to false implication prosecution made introduction of PW-9 an eye witness. It is fairly settled position in law that even if there are C some omissions, contradictions and discrepancies the entire evidence cannot be discarded. After exercising care and caution a.nd sifting the evidence to separate the truth from untruth, exaggeration, embellishments and improvements the court can come to a conclusion as to whether the residual evidence is D sufficient to convict the accused. (See Sohrab and Anr. V The State of M.P. (AIR 1972 SC 2020) and State of U.P. v. M.K.

Anthony (AIR 1985 SC 48).

6. In Bharwada Bhoginbhai Hirjibhai v. State of Gujarat (AIR 1983 SC 753), it was observed that undue importance E. should not be attached to omissions, contradictions and discrepancies which do not go to the root of the matter and shake the basic version of the prosecution witnesses. A witness cannot be accepted to possess a photographic memory and to recall the deals of an incident verbatim. Ordinarily, it so happens F that a witness is overtaken by events. A witness could not have been anticipated the occurrence which very often has an element of surprise. The mental faculties cannot, therefore, be expected to be attuned to absorb all the details. Thus, minordiscrepancies were bound to occur in the statement of witnesses.

7. The High Court has analysed the evidence in the aforesaid background and has rightly come to the conclusion that the guilt of the accused persons has been established.

8. The appeal is, therefore, dismissed.

. B.B.B.

Appeal dismissed .

I iii

,.. I

....

"( :)-t

....

'~ ;,;-

r--

(:-

)Ill

" \1l ·,,

I. ... !·._.:'

' - •' ' '

J;__

I (