[2008] 17 S.C.R. 864

D.S. GREWAL v.

VIMMI JOSHI & ORS. (Civil Appeal No. 7355 of 2008)

DECEMBER 17, 2008

[S.B. SINHA AND CYRIAC JOSEPH, JJ.]

Service Law - Termination - Complaint of sexual harassment by principal of Army School against army officer- C Vice Chairman of School Managing Committee - Termination of complainant- Interim order by High Court that delinquent caused sexua/. harassment to complainant and directed Army Authorities to initiate disciplinary action - On appeal held: No complaint committee was cons_tituted - No D mechanism put in place for redressal of complaint by victim

- Army Authorities ignored the guidelines laid down in Vishakha's case by Supreme Court as regard disciplinary action, complaint mechanism and complaint.:committee which was to be given effect to in terms of Article 144 - Hence, High Court directed to appoint three members committee E headed by a lady - In case delinquent found guilty, Army Authorities would initiate disciplinary action against him - Guidelines - Constitution of India, 1950 - Article 144.

Respondent no. 1 was working as the principal of Army Public School. Brigadier DS is the Chairman of the F School Managing Committee while Col. HB is the Vice Chairman. It is alleged that Col. HB used to 111ake advances towards respondent no. 1. She brought the matter to the notice of the Chairman. Respondent No. 1 was asked to give the complaint in writing. Subsequently, G the Managing Committee received two anonymous

complaints against respondent no. 1. Respondent no. 1 replied to the allegations made. However, her services were terminated. Respondent challenged the order of termination alleging s'exual harassment by Col. HB.

H 864

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D.S. GREWAL v. VIMMI JOSHI & ORS. 865

Meanwhile inquiry was conducted. Respondent no. 1 A participated It was found not to be a case of sexual harassment. Division Bench of High Court held that a clear case of sexual harassment of respondent no. 1 was made out. It directed the Secretary, Ministry of Defence and Chief of Army Staff to take disciplinary action against" 8 the two officers. Hence the present appeal.

Disposing of the appeals, the Court

HELD: 1.1 In terms of the judgment of this Court in *Vishakha and others v State of Rajasthan certain guidelines have been laid down by this Court till an appropriate c \egis\ation is made in this behalf, some of them beingdisciplinary action, complaint mechanism and complaints committee. The Legislature too have keeping in mind the guidelines from Vishakha recently drafted the Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 0

2007. The Bill is to provide 'for the prevention and redressal of sexual harassment of women at workplace and formatters connected therewith or incidental thereto'.

The draft law provides for consideration of a mandatory committee to hear complaints of sexual harassment. It a!so stipulates the procedures for setting up of these E committees. If the complaint is found to be true, the draft law provides for monetary compensation. It also stipulates a time period for completing the enquiry and for employers to take action against the accused. The Bill

has not till yet been enacted by the Parliament. The Bill F is cited only to show that the law makers too have accepted the directions and guidelines which had been laid down by this Court. [Para 19] [874-G-H; 875-A-B]

*Vishakha and Ors. vs. State of Rajasthan 1997 (6) SCC 241, relied on.

1.2. Respondent No.1 was a working lady. She was working as the Principal of the School. She was drawing 'a salary. It is a public enterprise. She felt humiliated not only by reason of the said letter; according to her, HS also made advances towards her. Therefore, she had a H

A reasonable ground to believe that her objection, thus, would cause disadvantage to her in connection with her employment or work including her recruitment 01' promotion or creating a hostile working environment.

According to her, adverse consequences visited as her

8 services have been terminated. [Para 20] [875-C-D]

Apparel Export Promotion Council v. A.K. Chopra 1999

(1) sec 759, referred to.

1.3. Before, a disciplinary proceeding is initiated in a case of this nature, a prima facie finding has to be arrived ,.... c at as regards the role of the delinquent. The job of Col.

HS was merely to function as the Chairman in the absence of the regular Chairman. It is not in dispute that • ,. no Complaint Committee has been constituted; no mechanism has been put in place for redressal of the

0 complaint made by the victim. For one reason or the other Col. OS failed and/or neglected to take appropriate ""° action. [Para 23] [875-G-H] 1.4. It is a matter of great regret that the army which is a disciplined organization failed to provide a complaint E mechanism and ignored the decision of this Court which was bound to be given effect to in terms of Article 144 of the Constitution of India. A complaint committee as per . 'Vishakha' was constituted for the other teachers and the staff but evidently no complaint co/mmittee was constituted for entertaining a complaint of this nature.

F Even the purported disciplinary action initiated by the appellants does not provide a complete picture. A report was submitted but whether any further action has been . taken or not is not known. [Para 24] [876-A-C]

:-'."~.' 1.5. The High Court without getting the matter G enquired into could not have opined that it was a clear cut case of sexual harassment of the writ petitioner and on that basis directed initiation of a disciplinary action in the manner. In modification of the order passed by the High Court, it is directed that as no complaint committee H

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D.S. GREWAL v. VIMMI JOSHI & ORS. 867

has been constituted, which was imperative in character, A the High Court may appoint a Three Members Committee headed by a Lady and in the event it is found that the writ .. petitioner was subjected to sexual harassment, the report thereof may be sent to the army authorities for initiation of a disciplinary action against the appellants herein on B the basis thereof. All the expenditures which may be incurred in this behalf may be borne by the Army Authorities. As the Management of the School is guilty of • violating the guidelines issued by this Court in Vishakha's -,..,

case, Management is directed to pay and bear all the cost c of the first respondent. Counsel fee is assessed at Rs, • 50,0001-. [Paras 25, 26, 27 and 28] [876-D-F-G] Case Law Reference: 997 (6) sec 241 Relied on.

Paras 19, 24 and 28 D 1999 (1) sec 759 Referred to.

Para 21

CIVIL AP PELLA TE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 7355 of 2008.

From the Judgment and final Order dated 3.5.2006 of the High Court of Uttaranchal at Nainital in Writ Petition No. 398 E of 2004.

WITH

C.A. No. 7356 of 2008 and CA No. 7357 of 2008.

K.K. Rai, Manish Kumar, Nitin Bhatia, Shekhar Kumar, F S.K. Pandey and Rekha Palli for the Petitioner in SLP (C) No.

, J&.~ 10143 of 2006.

Chetan Sharma, K. Singhal, Vineet Malhotra and Rekha Palli for the Petitioner in SLP(C) No. 10044 of 2006 & 10046

of 2006.

S. Janani and Deepak Goel for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

~ S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Leave granted.

2. These three appeals arise out of a common judgment H

A and order dated 3rd May, 2006 passed by a Division Bench of the High Court of Uttaranchal at Nainital in Writ Petition No. r 398 (SIB) of 2004. ~

3. In Pithoragarh where an army unit is situated, an Army

Ir Public School known as Gen. B.C. Joshi Army Public School B is being run by a society known as Army Welfare Education Society.

4. Appellant (Brig. D.S. Grewal, hereinafter referred to as .. 'Grewal') in Civil appeal arising out of SLP (C) No.10044 of ,.- 2006 is the Chairman of the School Managing Committee while c Col. Hitendra Bahadur appellant in Civil Appeal arising out of.

SLP (C) No.10143 of 2006 is the Vice Chairman thereof. • Chairman, School Managing Committee and others are the appellants in Civil Appeal arising out of SLP (C) No.10046 of 2006.

5. First respondent Vimmi Joshi applied for and was appointed as a Trained Graduate Teacher in Gen. B.C. Joshi Army Public School. She was later on appointed as Post Graduate Teacher (Mathematics). She was confirmed in the said post. She worked as an officiating Principal from

E 10.2.2003 to 10.8.2003. She was appointed as the Principal

of the school from 10 .2 .2004.

6. Appella.nt Hitendra Bahadur was a Deputy Commander, . ...__ 69 Mountain Brigade. He, at the relevant time, was posted at ,

Pithoragarh. While he was stationed at Sonamarg in connection

F with providing security cover to pilgrims of 'Amarnath Yatra', he wrote a letter to the first respondent, the contents whereof read ~.: as under:-

"My dearest Vimmi,

Allow me to confess to you that I have fallen in love G with you. What a man needs in a woman ? Love, trust and faith, when I look deep into your eyes I find there in abundance. No where in my life I have ever come across ~- a woman where intelligence, appearance, maturity and beauty is so well awarded in one single person as in you.

H You are no doubt, a very charming and gorgeous woman,

beautiful and attractive. You are very magnetic. Always A elegantly drew-up, you look very stylist and fashionable with slim and slender body. You appear absolutely fit,

intelligent, witty, confident, compassionate and very much in control, you are truly a role model for all young people at you place and most darling friend to me. I adore you 8 from the core of my heart and always value our friendship ..

You are precious and priceless. May I extend my hands. towards you and hold your hands tightly and ask you to lean

on my shoulder when ever you need me. It will be a great pleasure.

With lots of love.

Your

Sd/-

"H"'

7. Allegedly Hitendra Bahadur used to make advances. 0 towards respondent No.1. She reported the matter to Grewal. .

Her father also met him. Allegedly he was abused by Grewal.

8. On or about 12th October, 2004 Grewal addressed a letter to respondent No.1 with respect to her allegations against , Hitendra Bahadur. She was allegedly .asked to give her E complaint in writing stating:-

"1. I am writing to you regarding the allegation-made by you against Colonel Hitendra Bahadur, SM, the Deputy , Commander of 69 Mountain Brigade.

2. On 27th Sep 04, during the interaction with me in my F office at your request, you apprised me that the Deputy Commander has written a letter to you. The letter was . shown to me and I observed that the portion at the bottom was torn and there was no name or signature. I asked you as to why the portion was torn but no answer was given.

3. On 09 Oct 04, your father came to my office to meet me. He also made an allegation against the Deputy Commander. You were then asked by Maj Pankaj Bhola,

the BM of 69, Mountain Brigade to meet me in my office.

the matter was discussed and I directed you to forward H

A the allegation in writing to me by 09 Oct. 04.

 4. Till date, the allegation has not been received by me. \.-· Hence, I will not take cognizance of the matter."

9. On or about 25th October, 2004 two anonymous

B complaints were received by the Managing Committee from the Head Quarters as against respondent No.1. By a memorandum dated 25th October, 2004 she was asked to give her comments on the said allegations. She made her comments by her letter dated 27th October, 2004. However, her services were terminated by an order dated 4th December, 2004 stating :- c "1. Refer to this Headquarters letter number 620401/1/ APS/Sigs-4 dated 30th Sep 2004 and Article 186 (f) of AWES Rules and Regulations Vol.-1, for Army Schools/ Army Public School (Oct 2003 Edition).

2. SMC regrets to inform you that your services are no D more required, hence your services are terminated forthwith.

3: A cheque bearing machine number 176096 dated 04th Dec 04 for Rs.14,200.00 (Rupees fourteen thousand two

E hundred only) toards one month salary is enclosed as per the agreement.

4. Handing/Taking over all documents and other important correspondence held on your charge will be carried out with Mr. Kunwar Pratap Singh (Senior most PCT) of Gen BC Joshi APS, Pithoragarn.

F Sd/- (D.S. Grewal) ~~ Brig.

Chairman"

10. A writ petition was filed by her questioning the legality G of the said order of termination lleging sexual harassment by Hitendra Bahadur as one of the grounds, wherein an interim order was passed o~ 3.5.2006. The said interim order is impugned in these appels. - '.f" ..(.

11. In the meanwhile a purported enquiry was conducted.

H Respondent No.1 allegedly participated therein. By a report

dated 20th January, 2005 it was found to be not a case of A sexual harassment. Hitendra Bahadur was directed to be counseled.

12. Before the High Court appellants filed their counteraffidavits inter alia contending :-

(i) That the order of termination has nothing to do with B the alleged sexual harassment.

(ii)

(iii)

Writing a letter was merely appreciable in nature and by reason thereof no sexual harassment was caused by Hitendra Bahadur. c Hitendra Bahadur has nothing to do with the Management of the School and that the letter having been sent from Sonamarg cannot be said to have any sexual harassment at the work place of the first respondent.

13. By reason of the impugned order, however, the Division Bench found that it was a clear cut case of sexual harassment of the writ petitioner-respondent No.1 herein. It was, therefore, directed :- '

"Therefore, the Secretary, Ministry of Defence, Government of India and the Chief of the Army Staff are directed to take E disciplinary action against these two officers, as the case of sexual harassment is evident from the contents of the letter and the admission by both the officers followed by the termination of the petitioner.

7. We are passing this order in view of the law laid down by the Hon'ble Apex Court in the case of "Vishakha & others vs. State of Rajasthan reported in ( 1997) 6 SCC 241".

8~ The progress of the disciplinary action so taken in such a serious manner which may even warrant the court martial G proceedings of these two officers shall be submitted

befo~~ this Court within a period of two months from the date of production of the certified copy of this order."

14. Before, h6wever, we embark upon the respective H

A contentions of the parties we may notice that a review application was filed before the High Court which was also dismissed by order dated 18th May, 2006. The said order of the High Court refusing to review its earlier order dated 3rd May, 2006 is not in question in these appeals.

15. We may furthermore place on record that a first information report was also lodged against respondent No.1 by the school management alleging financial irregularities. After investigation carried out in this behalf a final report was submitted exonerating her and the report has been accepted C by the Chief Judicial Magistrate, Pithoragarh by an order dated 13th February, 2006. ·

16. Mr. K.K. Rai and Mr. Chetan Sharma, learned senior counsel appearing on behalf of the appellants would submit:-

(1) That the High Court should not have arrived at its o finding that Col Hitendra Bahadur had caused sexual harassment to respondent No.1, so as to pass .a final judgment on the subject despite

 directing initiation of a disciplinary proceeding against them.

(2) As first respondent was appointed only on probation for one year and during the probation period her services could be terminated by giving one month's notiee or salary in lieu thereof without assigning any reason by th~ appointing authority, no case has been made outJa'. pass an interim order of the nature as tias been done by the High Court.

(3) As despite opportunities given she did not make any domplaint in writing, cognizance of the said letter dated 22nd July, 2004 of Col Hitendra Bahadur was G (ightly not taken by Grewal.\

(4) As Hitendra Bahadur had already undergone an enquiry, a direction, for second enquiry was wholly misconceived.

17. Ms. S. Janani, learned counsel appearing on behalf H of the writ petitioner-respondent No.1 on the .other hand would

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contend:-

(1) That admittedly the letter was written by the Vice

Chairman of the School Managing Committee to respondent No.1, Vimi Joshi who was his subordinate ;

(2) As the Vice Chairman of the Managing Committee of the School, he was in a commanding position ;

(3) As the matter was brought to the notice of the Chairman of the School Managing Committee, no further complaint in writing was required to be made. (4) The circumstances attending to the case clearly show that the termination of respondent No.1 's services was mala fide and/or otherwise bad in law.

18. Indisputably the writ petition was filed by respondent No.1 which is still pending. In our opinion, it would, thus, be not D proper for us to enter into merit of the matter.

19. However, indisputably, in terms of the judgment of this Court in Vishakha and others (supra) certain guidelines have been laid down by this Court till an appropriate legislation is E made in this behalf, some of them being, - disciplinary action, complaint mechanism and complaints committee. These are as under:-

"6. Disciplinary action:

Where such conduct amounts to misconduct in F employment as defined by the relevant service rules, appropriate disciplinary action should be initiated by the employer in accordance with those rules.

6. Complaint mechanism:

Whether or not such conduct constitutes an offence G under law or a breach of the service rules, an appropriate complaint mechanism should be created in the employer's organization for redress of the complaint made by the victim. Such complaint mechanism should ensure timebound treatment of complaints.

7. Complaints Committee:

The complaint mechanism, referred to in (6) above, should be adequate to provide, where necessary, a Complaints Committee, a special counsellor or other support service, including the maintenance of B confidentiality.

The Complaints Committee should be headed by a woman and not less than half of its members should be women. Further, to prevent the possibility of any undue pressure or influence from senior levels, such Complaints c Committee should involve a third party, either NGO or other body who is familiar with the issue of sexual harassment.

The Complaints Committee must make an annual report to the Government Department concerned of the complaints and action taken by them.

D The employers and person-in-charge will also report

on the compliance with the aforesaid guidelines including on the reports of the Complaints Committee to the Government Department."

The Court furthermore defined 'sexual harassment' to include:-

"For this purpose, sexual harassment includes such unwelcome sexually determined behaviour (whether directly or by implication) as: (a) physical contact and advances; (b) a demand or request for sexual favours; (c) sexually-coloured remarks; (d) showing pornography; (e) any other unwelcome physical, verbal or nonverbal conduct of sexual nature.

The Legislature too have keeping in mind the abovenoted guidelines from Vishakha (supra) recently drafted the Protection of Women against Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 2007.

The Bill is to provide 'for the prevention and redressal of sexual

harassment of women at workplace and for matters connected H therewith or incidental thereto'. The draft law provides for

consideration of a mandatory committee to hear complaints of A sexual harassment. It also stipulates the procedures for setting up of these committees. If the complaint is found to be true, the draft law provides for monetary compensation. It also stipulates a time period for completing the enquiry and for employers to take action against the accused. We are aware that the Bill has B nc:it till yet been enacted by the Parliament. We cite the Bill only to show that the law makers too have accepted the directions and guidelines which had been laid down by this Court.

20. Respondent No.1 was a working lady. She was working as the Principal of the School. She was drawing a salary. It is c a public enterprise. She felt humiliated not only by reason of the said letter; according to her, Hitendra Bahadur also made advances towards her. She had, therefore, a reasonable ground to believe that her objection, thus, would cause disadvantage to her in connection with her employment or work including her recruitment or promotion or creating a hostile working D environment. According to her, adverse consequences visited as her services have been terminated.

21. Vishakha (supra) has been followed in Apparel Export Promotion Council v. A.K. Chopra, [(1999) 1 SCC 759] wherein a Division Bench of this Court inter alia held that in a E case involving violation of human rights, the Courts must forever remain alive to the international instruments and conventions and apply the same to a given case when there is no inconsistency between the international norms and the domestic law occupying the field.

22. Before, however, a disciplinary proceeding is initiated in a case of this nature, a prima facie finding has to be arrived at as regards the role of the delinquent. It has been stated before us that the job of Col Hitendra Bahadur was merely to. function as the Chairman in the absence of the regular

G Chairman.

23. It is not in dispute that no Complaint Committee has been constituted; no mechanism has been put in place for redressal of the complaint made by the victim. For one reason or the other Grewal failed and/or neglected to take appropriate H

A action.

24. It is a matter of , great regret that the army which is a disciplined organization failed to provide a complaint. mechanism and ignored the decision of th rs Court which was bound to be given effect to in terms of Article 144 of the B Constitution of India. A complaintcommittee as per 'Vishakha' was constitµted for the other teachers and the staff but evidently no complaint committee was constituted for entertaining a complaint of this nature. Even the purported disciplinary action initiated by the appellants does not provide a complete picture. c A report was submitted but whether any further qction has been taken or not is not known.

25. The High Court, in our opinion, without getting the matter enquired into could not have opined that it was a clear cut case of sexual harassment of the writ petitioner and on that o basis directed initiation of a disciplinary action in the manner as has been done in paragraph 8 noticed (supra).

-26. We, in modification, of the order passed by the High Court direct that as no complaint committee has been constituted, which was imperative in character, the High Court E may appoint a Three Members Committee headed by a Lady and in the event it is found that the writ petitioner was subjected to sexual harassment, te report thereof may be sent to the army authorities for initiation of a disciplinary action against the

appellants herein on the basis thereof. All the expnditures F which may be incurred in.this behalf may be borne by the Army Authorities ..

27. We would request the High Court also to consider the desirability of disposing of the writ petition as expeditiously as possible.

28. The appeals ar::e disposed of accordingly. As the Management of the schoo'I is guilty of violating the guidelines issued by this Court.in Vishakha and others (supra), we direct that the Management to pay and bear all the cost of the first. respondent. CounseLfee is assessed at Rs.50,000/-.

H N.J.

Appeals disposed of.