[2008] 8 S.C.R. 801

KESARWANI ZARDA BHANDAR A

STATE OF U.P. AND OTHERS (Civil Appeal Nos. 5760 & 5761 of 20"05)

May 14,2008 B

[S.B. SINHA AND LOKESHWAR SINGH PANTA, JJ.] • Uttar Pradesh Krishi Utpadan Mandi Adhiniyam, 1964

- s.2(a) and (d) - Market fee - Levibility of- On Zafrani Zarda - Held: Zafrani Zarda being a manufactured tobacco c and not processed tobacco, market fee is not /eviable on it.

The question for consideration is whether Zafrani Zarda is subject to market fee under Uttar Pradesh Krishi

Utpadan Mandi Adhiniyam, 1964.

Allowing the appeals, the Court D

HELD: 1. Market fee is leviable on specified agricultural produce, not on agricultural produce simplicitor.

Zarda is not a specified agricultural produce. It can be subjected to payment of market fee provided it is held to E be 'tobacco'. Zafrani Zarda, as an agricultural produce for the purpose of market fee must answer the description of 'specified agricultural produce' as defined in Section 2(a) of Uttar Pradesh Krishi Utpadan Mandi l.

Adhiniyam, 1964. If it is held that Zafrani Zarda is merely a F processed form of tobacoo, it would be subjected to levy of market fee, but if it is manufactured, it would not. In this case, Zafrani Zarda, must be held to be a manufactured product.[Paras 15 & 16] [811-G, H, 812-A, B]

State of Madras v: Swastik Tobacco Factory 1966 (3) ~CR IG

): 79; Agricultural Produce Market Committee v. Prabhat Zarda • Factory, 1994 Supp (2) SCC 514; Dharampal Satyapal V.

CCE, 2005 (4) SCC 337 - relied on.

.. . 801 H

A KUMS v. Ganga Dal Mills 1984 (4) SCC 616; Belsund 'r

Sugar Co. Ltd. v. State of Bihar and Ors. 1999 (9) SCC 620; Krishi Utpadan Mandi Samiti and Ors. v. Pilibhi( Pantnagar Beej Ltd. and Anr. 2004 (1) SCC 39; Park Leather{P) ltd. v.

State of U.P and Ors. 2001 (3) SCC 135 - referred to.:

2. The distinction between 'manufactured' and. 'processed' may not in all situation depend upon the nature of the statute involved. Jt must pass the rf.quisite test, namely, as to whether it is a completely new'item. Raw material of a manufactured product has to be distin- C guished from the manufactured product. The distinction between 'processing' and 'manufacturirig' is well known.

When a new thing comes into being, the steps which are taken for manufacture may be relevant but may not be decisive. [Para 17) [812-8, C, D] D Commissioner of Central Excise, Tamil Nadu v.

Vinayaga Body Building Industries Ltd. :ZOOS (3) SCC 666 - referred to.

3. Zafrani Zarda being a 'manufactured tobacco' E would not answer the description of processed tobacco.

ltis used by a class of consumers. It is used fora specific purpose. Tobacco as a processed form is used for many purposes, by many persons and in many ways. Tobacco in raw form or in any other processed formJs not com- F mercially known as Zarda. The common parlance test may have to be applied for the purpose of findipg out as to whether the product in question is manufactured goods or not. [Para 18) [812-E, F]

CIVILAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 5760

G ~2005 .

From the final Judgment and final Order dated 21.7.2003 "\ ot' the High Court of Judicature at Allahabad in C.M.W.P. No. 7756/1995

H Rakesh DWivedi, Anoop G. Chaudhary, \U, Jay Hansaria,

...

S.B. Sanyal, R.G. Padia, Mathai M. Paikeday, Shobha Dikshit, A K.K. Mohan, Amit Kr. Singh, Shantanu Krishna, Mukti Choudhary, Anant Prakash, Sneha Kalita, Sanjai K. Pathak, Vivek Narayan, Ajit Kumar Pande, Sunil Roy, Madhurima Tatia, Anil Katiyar, V.K. Verma, Shishir Pinaki, Amit Singh, P.I. Jose,

Pradeep Misra, Daleep Dhayani, Gopal Singh, Anukul Raj, B . Manish Kr. and Chandan Kr. for the Appearing Parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Levy of market fee on Zafrani Zarda in terms of the provisions of the U.P. Krishi Utpadan Mandi c Adhiniyam, 1964 (for short, 'the Act') is in question in these appeals which arise out of a common judgment and order dated 21st July, 2003.

2. The Act was enacted to provide for the regulation of sale and purchase of agricultural produce and for the establish- D ment, superintendence and control of markets therefor in Uttar Pradesh.

3. Before embarking on the question, we may notice some ofthe relevant provisions of the Act.

Section 2(a), 2(d), 6, 8, 17(iii}(b) read as under:

2(a) 'Agricultural produce' means such items of produce of agriculture, horticulture, viticulture, apiculture, sericulture,

) pisciculture, animal husbandry or forest as are specified in the Schedule, and includes admixture of two or more of such F items, and also includes any such item in processed form and further includes gur, rab, shakkar, Khandsari and jaggery;

2(a-1) "Board" means the State Agricultural Produce Markets Board constituted under Section 26-A; G

2(d) "Central Warehousing Corporation" means the Central Warehousing Corporation established or deemed to be established under the Warehousing Corporations Act, 1962;

2(d-1) "Collector'', in relation to a Committee for a Market H

A area means the Collector of the District where the principal Market Yard of that Market Area is situated, and includes such other officer as may be authorized by him in that behalf;

6. Declaration of Market Area.- On the expiry of the period referred to in Section 5, the State Government shall consider the objections received within the said period and may thereupon declare, by notification in the Gazette, ...

and in such other manner as may be prescribed, that the

whole or any specified portion of the area mentioned in c the notification under Section 5 shall be the Market Area in respect of such agricultural produce, and with effect from such date as may be specified in the declaration.

8. Alteration of Market Area and Modifications of the

D List of Agricultural produce.-(1) The State Government, where it considers necessary or expedient in the public interest so to do, may, by notification in the Gazette, and in such other manner as may be prescribed and with effect from the date specified in the notification,-

E (a) include any agricultural produce in, or exclude any agricultural produce from, the list of agricultural produce specified in the notification under Section 6;

(b) include any area in, or exclude any area from, the

F Market Area specified in the notification under l Section 6; I

(c) divide a Market Area specified in the notification under Section 6 into two or more separate Market Areas;

G (d) amalgamate two or more Market Areas specified in the notification under Section 6 into one Market Area ; or (e) declare that a Market Area specified in the notification under Section 6 shall cease to be such

H area:

---;

Provided that before action under this sub-section is taken, A the State Government shall invite and consider, in the prescribed manner, objections, if any, against the proposed action.

(2) When during the term of a Market Committee the B limits of the Market Area for which it is established .. are altered under clause (b), clause (c) or clause (d) )- of sub-section (1 ), the following consequences shall, with effect from the date specified in the notification, follow: c (a) the Market Committee shall stand dissolved and its members shall vacate their offices as such members ;

(b) a new Market Committee shall be constituted for the modified or newly created Market Area in . D accordance with the provisions of Section 13 ;

(c) all property and assets, all rights, liabilities and obligations of the dissolved Market Committee in respect of civil or criminal proceedings, E contracts, agreements or other matter or thing arising in relation to any part of the Market Area of a dissolved Market Committee shall be vested

.A in and stand transferred to the new Market Committee having jurisdiction over that part.

F (3) Where a Market Area ceases to be such area under clause (e) of sub-section (1), the following consequences shall, with effect from the date specified in the notification .. follow :

(a) the Market Committee shall stand dissolved G l. and its members shall vacate their offices as • such members ;

(b) the Principal Market Yard and Sub-Market Yards, if any, establishec::I therein shall cease to be such ; H

SUPREME COURT.REPORTS

[2008]8 S.C.R.

A (c) the unspent balances of the Market Committee

Fund and other assets and liabilities of the Market Committee shall vest in the State Government :

B Provided that the liability of the State Government shall not extend beyond the assets so vested.

11. Powers of the Committee.-A Committee shall, for ...

the purposes of this Act, have the power to- '../

(i) & (ii) .... c

(iii) Levy and collect-

(a) such fees as may be prescribed for the issue or renewal of licences; and

(b) market fee which shall be payable on transactions of sale of specific agricultural produce in the market area at ~- such rates, being not less than one percentum and not more than two and a half percentum of the price of the agricultural produce so sold as the State Government may

E specify by notification, and development cess which shall

e payable on such transactions of sale at the rate of half percentum of the price of the agricultural produce so sold, and such fee or development cess shall be realized in the following manner:- J F (1) If the produce is sold through a commission agent, the commission agent may realize the market fee and the development cess from the purchaser and shall be liable to pay the same to the Committee;

G (2) if the produce is purchased directly by a trader from a producer, the trader shall be liable to

.J, pay the market fee and development cess to the Committee;

H (3) if the produce is purchased by a trader from

another trader, the trader selling the produce A may realize it from the purchaser and shall be liable to pay the market fee and development cess to the Committee :

Provided that notwithstanding anything to the contrary B contained in any judgment, decree or order of any .. court, the trader selling the produce shall be liable ,,. and be deemed always to have been liable with effect from June 12, 1973 to pay the market fee to the Committee and shall not be absolved from such liability on the ground that he has not realized it from c the purchaser :

Provided further that the trader selling the produce shall not be absolved from the liability to pay the development cess on the ground that he has not D realized it from the purchaser;

(4) in any other case of sale of such produce, the purchaser shall be liable to pay the market fee and development cess to the Committee :

Provided that no market fee or development cess shall be E

levied or collected on the retail sale of any specified agricultural produce where such sale is made to the

~ consumer for his domestic consumption only :

I Provided further that notwithstanding anything contained F in this Act, the Committee may at the opition of, as the case may be, the commission agent, trader or purchaser, who has obtained the licence, accept a lump su.m in lieu of the amount of market fee or development cess that may be payable by him for an agricultural year in respect of G A such specified agricultural produce, for such period, or • such terms and in such manner as the State Government may, by notified order specify :

Provided also that no market fee or development cess shall be levied on transactions of sale of specified H

A agricultural produce on which market fee or development cess has been levied in any market area if the trader furnishes in the form and manner prescribed, a declaration or certificate that no such specified agricultural produce market fee or development cess has already been levied B in any other market area."

4. In the Schedule appended to the Act, tobacco is men- _. tioned at Item No.V. "I

 The question which arises for consideration is as to c whether Zafrani Zarda is a processed form or manufactured form prepared from the raw material tobacco.

1-1

The process undertaken to manufacture Zafrani Zarda is admitted. It was stated by the appellant in their writ petition to be as under:-

"7. That the petitioner used to purchase the raw tobacco/ )... processed tobacco out side the Mandi Samiti Allahabad.

However, it is stated that the Zafrani Zarda or Zafrani Patti is used for chewing which is prepared from the raw tobacco. The Jaggery Juice is sprinkled on the raw Tobacco and then it is cut into small pieces by shearing machine. The resulting tobacco is called as "nice tobacco'.

The 'Nice Tobacco" is allowed to dry for few days and then flavouring essence are being sprinkled on it and at this 1. stage, this tobacco is known as "Chewing tobacco". Then, 1 thereafter, menthol, Geru, Lime and spices etc. are being homogeneously mixed with the same, either from electric machine or by the manually operated machine. These items get un-separately mixed with the processed tobacco and the resulting tobacco is called as "Zafrani Zarda" and "Zafrani patti" In this way, the raw tobacco looses its original ~. identity and its physical and chemical properties are ' changed. It is a different commodity in the commercial world as well as amongst the consumers. The quality, cost and liking amongst the consumers are vary according to the material mixed with it."

KESARWANI ZARDA BHANDAR v. STATE OF 809

U.P. AND OTHERS [S.B. SINHA, J.]

5. Mr. Rakesh Dwivedi, learned senior counsel appearing A on behalf of the appellant, would submit that the question, i.e., it is a manufactured form as agricultural produce, is no longer res integra in view of several decisions of this Court.

6. On the other hand, Ms. Shobha Dikshit, learned senior B counsel appearing on behalf of the respondents, submits that ..

Zafrani Zarda is a processed form of tobacco. )"

7. It is not in dispute that having regard to the definition of 'agricultural produce' as contained in Section 2(a) of the Act as also Section 2(d) therein, market fee would be leviable only in c the event Zafrani Zarda is held to be a processed form of tobacco and not the manufactured form.

8. The question came up for consideration before this Court in State of Madras v. Swastik Tobacco Factory, [ (1966) 3 SCR 79] wherein, upon taking into consideration the provisions of D Section 5(1 )(1) of the Madras General Sales Tax (Turnover and Assessment) Rules, 1939, it was held that Zafrani Zarda is a manufactured form of tobacco.

9. The issue apparently is directly covered by a decision E of this Court in Agricultural Produce Market Committee v.

Prabhat Zarda Factory, [ 1994 Supp (2) SCC 514 ], in relation to the definition of 'agricultural produce' as contained in Bihar

Agricultural Produce Markets Act, 1960, which is pari materia with the definition of 'agricultural produce' under 2(a) of the Act, F which reads :-

" 'Agricultural produce' includes all produce, whether processed or non-processed of agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, and forest specified in the Schedule." • Later, however, the said definition was amended by the G • Amending Act of 1982 effective from April 30, 1982, the

English rendering of which is as under:

" 'Agricult11ral produce' means all produce whether processed or non-processed, manufactured or not, H

A . product of agriculture, horticulture, plantation, animal husbandry, forest, sericulture, pisdculture, livestock or poultry, as specified in the Schedule."

10. This Court clearly affirmed the finding of the Patna High Court that.'Zarda' is a variety of manufactured tobacco and n'ot 8 in its processed or non-processed.form.

11. Similar reasonings have been adopted by this Court in Dharampal Satyapal v. CCE, [ (2005) 4 SCC 337] wherein in relation to levy ofcentral excise, it was held :-

"19. Applying the above tests to the facts of this case, we find that sada kimam was bought by the assessee as a raw material which was then blended with saffron, perfumes, menthol, etc. to form a compound which was then packed in "balties" and cleared to the above three licensed units at Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase II, New Delhi, Noida (U.P.) and Barotiwala (H.P.), where Tulsi Zafrani Zarda was manufactured. That, the assessee used to buy a similar compound (Lucknowi kimam) from the market from'time to time and use it in the manufacture of their final product. That, the compound (kimam) prepared by the assessee at 96, Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase Ill, NewDelhi and at E-1, Maharani Bagh, New Delhi, in the highly concentrated form, was cleared therefrom and taken to the above three licensed factories where it was diluted and used in the manufacture ofTulsiZafrani Zarda. In their reply to the show-cause notice, the assessee admitted that the said "compound" was not capable of being used for any purpose, other than for manufacture of branded chewing tobacco. (underline: supplied by us) This statement of the assessee in reply to the showcause notice establishes that the said compound (kimam) was not edible, it was not capable of consumption as such, however, it was used as preparation in the manufacture of Tulsi Zafrani Zarda which was a branded chewing tobacco manufactured in the licensed factories of the assessee at

~ •

.. I

Okhla Industrial Estate, Phase II, New Delhi, Neida (U.P.) A and Barotiwala (H.P.). Further, from time to time, the assessee herein bought from the market a similar compound (Lucknowi kimam) and used it in the manufacture of the final product which indicated that on blending of sada kimam with saffron, spices, menthol, s etc., the compound in question (kimam) which emerged was a distinct, identifiable product, known to the market as kimam. Hence, we do not find any infirmity in the impugned judgment of the Tribunal which has held that the said compound (kimam) was marketable and classifiable c as chewing tobacco or a preparation for chewing tobacco under Chapter Sub-Headings 2404.49/2404.40."

12. Indisputably an agricultural produce has to be a specified one for the purpose of levy of market fee. [ See KUMS v.

Ganga Dal Mills, [(1984) 4 SCC 516 ; Belsund Sugar Co.

D Ltd. v. State of Bihar and others, [ (1999) 9 sec 620 ] and Krishi Utpadan Mandi Samiti and others v. Pilibhit Pantnagar Beej Ltd. and and another, [ (2004) 1 sec 391.

13. Ms. Shobha Dikshit, however, relied upon the decision of this Court in Park Leather (P) Ltd. v. State of U.P and E others, [ (2001) 3 SCC 135 ] wherein a Division Bench opined that leather is only a processed form of hides and skins. Process undertaken for making leather from hides and skins has been noticed therein.

14. It is not in dispute that when a new form comes into being and in the market parlance it is considered to be a new product; the same would be deemed to be manufactured goods as contradistinguished from processed goods.

15. Market fee is leviable on specified agricultural pro- G duce, not on agricultural produce simplicitor. Zarda is not a specified agricultural produce. It can be subjected to payment of market fee provided it is held to be 'tobacco'. Zafrani Zarda, as an agricultural produce for the purpose of market fee must answer the description of 'specified agricultural produce' as H

A defined in Section 2(a) of the Act. If it is held that Zafrani Zarda

is merely a processed form of tobacco, it would be subjected to levy of market fee, but if it is manufactured, it would not.

16. In this case, Zafrani Zarda, in view of the decision of this Court in Prabhat Zarda (supra), must be held to be a manu- B factured product.

17. The distinction between 'manufactured' and 'processed' may not in all situation depend upon the nature of the Statute involved. It must pass the requisite test, namely, as to c whether it is a completely new item. Raw material of a manufactured product has to be distinguished from the manufactured product.

The distinction between 'processing' and 'manufacturing' is well known. When a new thing comes into being, the steps D which are taken for manufacture may be relevant but may not be decisive. {[See Commissioner of Central Excise, Tamil Nadu v. Vinayaga Body Building Industries Ltd. [(2008) 3 SCC 666]}.

18. Zafrani Zarda being a 'manufactured tobacco' would E not answer the description of processed tobacco. It is used by a class of consumers. It is used for a specific purpose. Tobacco as a processed form is used for many purposes, by many persons and in many ways. Tobacco in raw form or in any other processed form is not commercially known as Zarda. The com- F mon parlance test may have to be applied for the purpose of finding out as to whether the product in question is manufactured goods or not.

19. The High Court, unfortunately, had not considered this G aspect of the matter. The impugned judgment cannot, thus, be sustained. It is set aside accordingly. The appeals are allowed.

In the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.

K.K.T.

Appeals allowed.