[2008] 14 S.C.R. 972

RAVEENDRAN K & ANR, v. ~

EXCISE INSPECTOR VADAKARA & ANR. (Criminal Appeal Nos. 1263 of 2001)

OCTOBER 21, 2008 B

[DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, P. SATHASIVAM AND AFTAB

ALAM, JJ]

Kera/a Abkari Act, 1967: -~~- c Ss, 57A(1)(iii) and (5) - Sale of illicit liquor- HELD: Burden of proof is on the accused - Even if the role of Distillery

was in question, that would not absolve the accused of culpability under Act- Conviction and sentence upheld - Evidence.

D The appellants were convicted and sentenced by the trial court u/s 57 A(iii) of the Kera la Abkari Act, 1967 to rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine of Rs. 10

1,000/-. The appellate court as also the High Court in ret- vision petition upheld the order of the trial court. ~

E In the instant appeals, filed by the accused, it was contended for the appellants that the liquor in question was procured from a particular distillery against which cases were instituted and it was found that role of the , said distillery i.n supply of illicit liquor could not be ruled F out; and that it was not the case of the prosecution that the accused licencee had got the liquor in question from any other source. The stand of the State was that, burf. den of proof iri terms of s.57-A was on the accused.

Dismissing the appeals, the Court G HELD: The burden of proof is on the licensee as is evident from sub Section (5) of Section 57 A of the Kera la Abkari Act, 1967. Even if it is accepted that the distillery .f. had any role to play, that does not absolve the appellants

H 972

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RAVEENDRAN K & ANR, v. EXCISE INSPECTOR 973

VADAKARA & ANR.

from culpability under the Act. It is to be noted that while A the appellants were selling the liquor in bottle they got it from the said distillery admittedly in barrels. Therefore, the stand of the appellants that the liquor was sold in the same form is no, t correct. In view of the factual position, the appeal so far as appellant No. 1 in each case is cons cerned, stands dismissed. The appeal stands abated as regards appellant No. 2 i.e. the licensee in each case because of his death. [para 5-6) (979-A, 8, C)

CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal No. 1263 of 2001 C

From the final Judgment and Order dated 30.5.2001 of the High Court of Kerala at Ernakulam in Criminal Rev. Pet. No. 558 of 2000 (8)

WITH

Criminal Appeal Nos. 1264-1265 and 1266 of 2001

K. Rajeev for the Appellants.

G. Prakash for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J. 1. Challenge in these appeals

is to the judgment of a learned Single Judge of the Kerala High Court. Before the High Court Criminal Revision Petitions were filed questioning correctness of the judgment passed by learned F Sessions Judge Kozhikode upholding the conviction of the revision petitioners for offence punishable under 'section 57 A (iii) of the Abkari Act, 1967, described as (Act 1 of 1077) because the same was passed by the then Maharaja of Cochin on the 5th day of August, 1902 corresponding to the 31st day of G Karkadagom 1077 and was extended to the whole of Kera la as per Act 10 of 1967. Each was convicted by learned Assistant Sessions Judge, Vadakara an_d sentenced to rigorous imprisonment for one year and to pay a fine ofRs.10,000/- each with default stipulation. Lakshmanan N., the revisional petitioner H

A No. 2 in two of the revision petitions before the High Court and ,._ the petitioner in one of the petitions was the licensee of arrack tshops bearing Nos. 1 to 16 of Vadakara Range. Preventive officer PW 1 attached to the Vadakara Excise Range along with Excise Guards inspected the god owns, and arrack shops ..

B of the licensee on 19.12.1988 and took samples for chemical

~ examination. The samples were taken from the stocks of 6520

litres of arrack kept in 65 barrels, in the presence of the appellant No. 1. One of the samples collected from the godown was

')-- given to the licensee on proper acknowledgement. The sample c of chemical examination as per the regional Chemical Exami,.

nation Laboratory, Kozhikode, revealed the presence of Methyle alcohol, a noxious substance, the consumption of which is injurious to health. On the same day at another godown sample was collected where appellant Mohanan in Criminal Appeal No.

D 1265 of 2001 was the manager. During the pendency of the I appeals before this Court, the licensee died. The samples were ~

taken in three bottles in each case. Samples labeled as A & B were taken by the officer while bottle C was given to the sales- >- man/manager as the case may be. Samples labeled A were -.

E sent for chemical analysis and the report is dated 25.1.1989.

The presence of noxious substance was found. On 19.5.1989 the compla!nt was filed.

2. The stand of the accused persons was that the liquor in question was procured from the distillery Chittore Co-opera-

F tive Sugar Mill (in short the 'Chiccopse'). It was stated that earlier cases were instituted against Chiccopse and it was found that the role of Chiccopse in the supply of illicit liquor cannot be

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ruled out. Various documents were relied upon for this purpose.

The courts below did not accept he stand and found the ac-

• cused persons guilty and sentenced them as aforestated. ' G - lt- 3. In support of the appeals learned counsel for the appellant submitted that it is not the case of the prosecution that the licencee had got the liquor in question from any source other f--

than Chiccopse. It was submitted that the First Information Re-

H port was also lodged on the basis of the Board of Revenue's

letter dated 13.1.1999 and the charge sheet has also been filed A against officials of Chiccopse.

4. Learned counsel for the State on the other hand submitted that burden of proof under Section 57(1) or (2) of Section 57 A is on the licensee to prove that he has not mixed or permit- B ted to be mixed or as the case may be omitted to take a reai' sonable precaution to prevent the mixing of any substance referred to in the provision with any liquor or intoxicated drug. Similar is the provision in relation to possession of liquor or intoxieating drugs with which some other substance is mixed. Sections 57 and 57 A of the Act read as follows: c

"57. For adulteration, etc., by licensed vendor or manufacturer:- Whoever being the holder of a licence for the sale or manufacture of liquor or of any intoxicating

_j,. drug under this Act,

D. ,.. (a) mixes or permits to be mixed with the liquor or intoxicating drug, sold or manufactured by him, any drug, other than a noxious drug] or any foreign ingredient likely to add to its actual or apparent intoxicating quality or strength, or any article prohibited 3[other than an article which the Government shall

deem to be noxious] by any rule made under section 29, clause (k), when such admixture shall not amount

-I to the offence of adulteration under Section 272 of the Indian Penal Code(Substituted for the words and F figures "Section 248 of the Cochin Penal Code" by Section 32(a) of Act 10 of 1967; or

(b) sells or keeps or exposes for sale as foreign liquor, liquor which he knows or has reason to believe to be

~ country liquor; or G

(c) marks the cork of any bottle, case, package or other receptacle containing country liquor, or uses any bottle, case, package or other receptacle containing country liquor with any mark thereon on the cork H

t- A thereof with the intention of causing it to be believed that such bottle, case, package or other receptacle contains foreign liquor when such act shall not amount to the offence of '[applying a false trade mark under section 78 of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, B 1958]; or

(d) sells or keeps or exposes for sale any country liquor '\· >- in a bottle, case, package or other receptacle with any mark thereon or on the cork thereof with the intention of causing it to be believed that such bottle, c case, package or other receptacle contains foreign liquor, when such act shall not amount to the offence of selling goods to which a false trade mark or false trade descriptio'n is applied under Section 79 of the Trade and Merchandise Marks Act, 1958(substituted D for the words and figures "marked with a counterfeit

-~ trade mark under Section 466 of the Cochin Penal Code by S_ection 32 ( c ) of Act 10 of 1967) ;

....

shall on conviction before a competent court, be punished

E for acfl such offence, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees, or with both (The words "on conviction before a Magistrate, be punished for each such offence, [with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to three .,.__ F thousand rupees, or with both." substituted by Act 16 of 1997, w.e.f. 3-6-1997).

57 A For adulteration of liquor or intoxicating drug with noxious substances, etc:- (1) Whoever mixes or permits

G to be mixed any noxious substance or any substance which is likely to endanger human life or to cause grievous hurt to hunian beings, with any liquor or intoxicating drug shall, on conviction, be punishable

' (i) if, as a result of such act, grievous hurt is caused t_o H any person, witl:l imprisonment for a term which shall r- !

not be less than two years but which may extend to A imprisonment for life, and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees;

(ii) if, as a result of such act, dath is caused to any person, with death or imprisonment for a term which B shall not be less than three years but which may /' extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees;

(iii) in any other case, with imprisonment for a term which

shall not be less than one year, but which may extend c to ten years, and with fine which may extend to twenty- . five thousand rupees.

Explanation:- For the purpose of this section and section 578, the expression "grievous hurt" shall have the same meaning as in section 320 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 D

lt (Central Act 45 of 1860).

(2) Whoever omits to take reasonable precautions to prevent the mixing of any noxious substance or any substance which is likely to endanger human life or to E cause grievous hurt to human beings, with any liquor or intoxicating drug shall, on conviction, be punishable,

(i) if as a result of such omission, grievous hurt is caused to any person, with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than two years but which may F extend to imprisonment for life, and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees;

(ii) if as a result of such omission, death is caused to any person, with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than three years but which may extend to G imprisonment for life, and with fine which may extend to fifty thousand rupees;

(iii) in any other case, with imprisonment for a term which

shall not be less than one year but which may extend

H -

' +- A to ten years, and with fine which may extend to twenty- ' five thousand rupees.

(3) Whoever possesses any liquor or intoxicating drug in which any substance referred to in sub-section (1) is mixed, knowing that s1;1ch substance is mixed w, ith such liquor or B intoxicating drug shall, on conviction, be punishable with imprisonment for a term which shall not be less than one

---~ year but which may extend to ten years, and with fine which may extend to twenty-five thousand rupees.

(4) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Codeof Criminal Procedure, 1973 (Central Act 2 of 1974), no , person accused or convicted of an offence under \ subsection (1) or sub-section (3) shall, if in custody, be released on bail or on his own bond, unless

D (a) the prosecution has been given an opportunity to

~ oppose the application such release, and

-.,( (b) where the prosecution qpposes the application, the court is satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing that he is not guilty of such offence.

E '

(5) Notwithstanding anything contained in the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 (1 of 1872)-

(a) where a person is prosecuted for an offence under sub-section (1) ors section ,2), the burden of proving

1- F that he has not mixed or permitted to mixed or, as the case may be, omitted to take reasonable

precautions to prevent the mixing of, any substance referred to in that sub-section with any liquor, intoxicating drug shall be on him;

G (b) where a person is prosecuted for an offence under sub-section (3) for being in possession of any liquor t-

). or intoxicating drug in which any substance refers to in sub-section (1) is mixed, the burden of proving that he did not know that such substance was mixed H with such liquor or intoxicating drug shall be on him.

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RAVEENDRAN K & ANR, v. EXCISE INSPECTOR 979

VADAKARA & ANR. [DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT, J.]

5. As rightly submitted by learned counsel for the State, A the burden of proof is on the licensee as is evident from sub Section (5) of Section 57 A. Even if it is accepted for the sake of argument that Chiccopse had any role to play, that does not absolve the appellar.ts from culpability under the Act. It is to be noted that while the appellants were selling the liquor in bottle B they got it from C_hiccopse admittedly in barrels. Therefore the stand of the appellants that the liquor was sold in the same form is not correct.

6. In view of the factual position indicated above, the appeal so far as the appellant No. 1 in each case is concerned, C stands dismissed, while appeal. stands abated so far as the appellant No. 2 i.e. the licensee in each case because of his death. The appellant No. 1 in each case who were released on bail pursuant to order dated 7.12.2001 shall surrender to custody forthwith to serve remainder of sentence.

R.P.

Appeals dismissed.