[2008) 12 S.C.R. 311

•~ 1

HARDIP SINGH A v.

STATE OF PUNJAB (Criminal Appeal No. 737 of 2007) '

AUGUST 20, 2008

[DR. ARIJIT PASAYAT AND DR. MUKUNDAKAM

SHARMA, JJ.]

-., Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985

- s. 18 - Recovery of 7 kgs opium from the possession of c accused - Defense case that Investigating Officer nourishing personal grudge against accused, thus accused falsely imp/icated in a criminal case - Conviction and sentence of 10 years RI by courts below - On appeal, held: Defense version is a story of whims and caprices of accused, thus, is not trust- D worthy and is rejected - There was no question of bias - Investigating Officer made recoveries of opium and seized the same and thus, was rightly made the Investigating Officer in the case - Defense case was sought to be made out only during the trial by which time investigation was complete - Sea/ E in the sample were not tampered with at any stage - Delay of about 40 days in sending the samples did not cause prejudice to accused .:... A/so, submission that s. 55 was violated is without merit- More.so, accused failed to show any prejudice caused to him for not putting seal in the sample by officer-incharge of police station.

F .. tit According to the prosecution case, 7 kgs of opium was recovered from the possession of the appellant-accused. The Inspector JS-PW-5, SI and other police officials intercepted a vehicle in which the appellant was trav- G elling. MS and SSM Deputy Superintendent of Police-PW • 4 reached the place of occurrence. The consent memos were prepared. Appellant signed it and the witnesses as also PW 4 attested the same. On instruction of DSP-PW

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A 4, the Inspector-PW 5 conducted the search of the appel- '( -·· lant. One bag containing 7 kgs of opium was found in the right hand of the appellant. Two separate parcels were prepared and sealed with the seals bearing inscription of SSM and JS of DSP-PW 4 and lnspector:.Js. In one parcel B 250 gms of opium was taken as a sample. The sealed parcels were taken into possessiotlndttested by the witnesses. The driver of the truck was also found in pos- .. session of 3 kgs of opium. FIR was lodged. Appellant, .... driver and the case property was produced before the ' Ic Inspector-BS, SHO, Police Station, Ajnala who verified the

Investigation., The samples were sent for examination~ The contents of the sample parcels were found to be of opium. t Witnesses were exaJ11ined. Trial court convicted the appeilant and. the driyr u/ 18 of the Narcotics Drugs and I )

D Psychotrgpic Substafl'ces Act, 1985 and imposed rigorous imprisonment for 10 years with fine of Rs one lakh.

High Court upheld the conviction of the appellant, how-

.4 ever, acquitted the driver. Hence the present appeal.

Dismissing the appeal, the Court E HELD: 1.1 With regard to the allegations that the In- " vestigating Officer. JS-PW'S was nourishing a grudge against thapperiant over the vehicular accident, which

was ultimately compromised by a written apology, a pel>c

F rusal of the document of apology, shows that it carries the signatures of various persons including GS-OW 3 and HS-OW 5 but the signature of JS-PW 5, the investigating "

.,.

~ officer of the case was not appearing in the said docu- >- ment. PW 5 was also examined and cross examined at length but nbt a single question was put to him about the G execution of the document of apology. No suggestion was given to him that the said document was executed in •

< his presence and that he was also a consenting party to the said document of apology. Therefore, the trial court as also the High Court were justified in raising doubt H about the genuineness of the said defense case. A docu-

HARDIP SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB 313

...... J ment can always be created falsely by obtaining signatures A of few persons but the said doc; ument when produced in evidence must be able to stand the test of genuineness. The said document is a doubtul .and the genuin.eness of the -f same could not be. proved b9 the appellant since .he had " failed to bring it to the notice of PW 5, during his cross ex- B

A amination, thP fact that the same was executed in his pres- .. ence and with his consent. [Para 10] [319-G, H, 320-A-D]

1.2 So far as the complaints by the appellant on account of the personal grudge against the Inspector-PW 5, allegedly sent are concerned, the same are produced c by GS the father of the appellant, only during .the course of his examination. Whether or not such complaints were in fact sent and were received by the addressee should have been and were required to be proved in or.{Jr to es:- tablish that they were actually sent and received, as al- D leged. All the aforesaid document were also pressed be- 't fore the trial court as also the High Court and they have

;::.. given cogent reasons-for rejecting the defense version as also for rejecting evidentiary value of the said documents. Therefore, the said defense version, which is put E up by the appellant_is not trustworthy and stands rejected. [Para 11] [320-D-F]

1.3 The delay in sending the samples of opium to •

the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) has no conse- F quence for the fact that the recovery of the said sample

.... --; J from the possession of the appellant stands proved and established by cogent and reriable evidence led in the trial.

PW 5 has categorically stated and assertdabout the recovery of opium from the possession of the appellant, which fact is also corroborated by a higher officer, namely, G DSP who was also examined at length during the trial. The said recovery was effected in the presence of the said DSP, as senior police officer, who also put his seal on the said parcels of opium. The then Station House Officer, Inspector BS who was examined as PW 1, was posted at H

A Police Station Ajnala on the date of occurrence. He received the said sa_111ples of opium along with case material, being produced before him by PW 5. It has come on evidence that Inspector BS kept the entire case property with him till it was deposited in the office of the Chemical s Examiner, Amritsar on 30"9.1997 through ASI (PW-3). Till

the date the parcels of sample were received by the Chemical Examiner, the seal put on the said parcels was intact. That itself proves and establishes that there was no tampering with the aforesaid seal in the s.ample at any C stage and the sample received by the analyst for chemical examination contained the same opium which was re- covered from the possession of the appellant. Thus, delay of about 40 days in sending the samples did not and could not have caused any prejudice to the appe11ant.

D [Para 12] [320 GH, 321-A-E]

1.4 The submission that s. 55 of the Act, which_ is a mandatory provision, was violated is also found to be without merit. The appellant failed to show any prejudice

cused to him for not putting the seal in the sample by E the officer-in-charge of the police station. PW 5 categorically stated that on reaching the Police Station, Ajnala, he handed over the case property with the seals intact to the officer-in-charge -of the said police station, who was examined in the trial as PW 1. PW 1 in is deposition has F also stated that Inspector JS produced before him the case proJierty and sample on 20.8.1997 with seals intact.

He has also stated that 'so 'long the said articles remained in his custody and possession, the same were not tampered with. [Para 13] [321-F, 322-D-F]

G Kamai/ Singh v. State of Rajasthan 2000 (7) SCC 632; Ouseph v. State of Kera/a 2004 (10) SCC 647 - referred to.

1.5 The order of the courts below is concurred with.

The version of the defense is nothing more than a got up H story of his own whims and caprices, thus, in the fact~

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HARDIP SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB 315

[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.] ..

J and circumstances of the present case the question of A bias does not arise. JS made the recoveries of the opium and_ seized the same and therefore, he was rightly made the

Investigating Officer in the case. The defense case which is found to be a got up story was so_ught to be made out only during the trial by which time investigation was complete.

B ,• The submission that the Inspector JS was the complainant

.... and he should not have been made the Investigating Officer is found to be without merit. [Para 14] (323-E-F]

State v. V Jayapaul 2004 (5) SCC 223 - referred to. c Case Law Referenc

2000 (7) sec 632 Referred to. Para 13

2004 (1 O) sec 647 Referred to. Para 13

2004 (5) sec 223 Referred to. Para 14 D CRIMINALAPPELLATE JURISDICTION: Criminal Appeal

} .

No. 737 of 2007

->I From the final Judgment arid Order dated 18.10.2006 of the High Court of Punjab and Haryana at Chandigarh in Crimi- E nal Appeal No. 505-SB of 2000

Mahabir Singh, Rakesh Dahiya and D. Mahesh Babu for the Appellant.

Kuldip Singh and R.K. Pandey for the Respondents.

F -- -I The Judgment of.the Court was delivered by

DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J. 1. The present appeal is directed against the judgment and order dated 18.10.2006 passed by the High Court of Punjab & Haryana at G Chandigarh in Criminal Appeal No. 505-SB of 2000, whereby ,.,.. the High Court dismissed the. appeal filed by Hardip Singh and upheld the conviction and the sentence passed against him under the provisions of Section 18 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substance Act, 1985 (hereinafter referred to as the 'Act').

2. Briefly, the prosecution case is that on 20.8.1997 when Inspector Jarnail Singh (examined as PW 5 in the trial), along with SI Sukhwinder Singh and other police officials were standing on a drain bridge falling within the jurisdiction of village Chamairi, a truck bearing registration No. DIG 4615 . s being driven by Sri lnder Masih was seen coming from Ajnala

side; when the truck was stopped. Hardip Singh, the present appellant, was s_een sitting by the side of the driver, in the said truck. Meanwhile one Major Singh, who was examined as one of the witnesses in the trial also reached there on a c bicycle and upon reaching tlieplace he alighted from the

bicycle and joined the police party. Immediately tereafter Inspector Jarnail Singh sent a wireless message to SS Mann, Deputy Superintendent of Police (PW 4), requesting him to reach the place of occurrence, who after receiving the message D immediately reached at the place of occurrence.

Thereafter consent memos (Ex. PB & PC) were prepared to show compl, iance of Section 50 of the Act, which were signed/thumb marked by th, e. appellant and attested .by the witnesses including PW 4. On the instruction of PW 4, the E DSP, Inspector Jarnail Singh conducted search of-the appellant

Hardip , Singh and upon such se.arch one bag in the right hand of Hardip Singh was found and on search of the sai.d bag, it was found to contain opium wrapped in a glazed paper. The .aforesaid opium, thereaftr was weighed and. on such weighing F it was found that there was total of 7 Kgs of opium. out of which 250 gms of opium was taken as a sample in one 'parcel and the remaining quantity of opium being 6.750 Kgs. was , put in another parcel. After preparing two separte parcels,

the same were _sealed with the seals bearing inscriptions 'SSM' G and 'JS' of SS Mann, DSP and lnspecor Jarnail .Singh

respectively. The sealed parcels were taken into posseion vide recovery memo, Ex. PD, attested by the witnesses.

Thereafter the search of the driver, namely, lnder Masih was also conducted;· in whose possession also 3 kgs. of opium H.: was found, ,, f~~ wfh 1 tyvo.parcels were made out, one of 250

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HARDIP SINGH v.. STATE OF PUNJAB

[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA,. J.] 317

gms. and the other of 2.750 kgs. The said parcels were sealed A and were taken into posse&sion vide recovery memo, Ex. PE, attested by the. same witnesses. From the personal search of Hardip Singh ten currency notes of the denomination of Rs. 10/- were recovered. These werealso taken into possession by making out a memo, Ex. PH. Similarly, the truck bearing s No. orG 4615 was also taken into possession vide memo, Ex. PJ. Ruqqa, Ex. -PK, was sent on the basis of which First Information Report (Ex. PK/1) was recorded. A rough siteplan was also repared at the spot. Thereafter, the present appellant along with lnder Masihand the case property was c produced before Inspector Baldev Singh, the then Station House Officer (SHO), Police Station Ajnala, who verified the

investgation and kept the said articles in his possession. On 30.9.1997 he sent the two parcels of sample for getting the i . same deposited in the office of the Chemical Examner, 0 .

Amritsar through ASI Surinder Singh (PW-3). As per the report of the Analyst, the contents.of the sample parcels were found to be of opium. On completion of the investigation a harge sheet was fild under the provisions of Section 18 of the Act.

3. The learned Sub Divisional Magistrate,· Ajnala E committed the case for trial to the learned 'court of Sessions Judge. Under order dated 4.3.1998, the lerned Sessions Judge, Amritsar framed charges against both the accusea under the provisions of Section 18 of the Act to which they pleaded not guilty and pleaded for trial.

 4. The prosecution examined altogether four witnesses whereas appellant Hardip Singh examined five defense witnesses. The report of the chemical examiner was tendered in evidence. The appellant and the other accused were also examined under Section 313 of the Code of Criminal G Procedure, 1973.

5. On completion of the trial, the learned Addi. Sessions Judge heard the arguments and thereafter passed the judgment and order convicting both the accused persons

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A including the present appellant under Section 18 of the Act

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and sentenced them to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a period of ten years with rupees one lakh as fine and in default of payment of tine to undergo rigorous imprisonment for a ,\ period of two years, which is the minimum sentence provided

B under the Act.

6. Being aggrieved by the aforesaid judgment and order ¥..

of conviction and sentence, Hardip Singh, thepresent appellant

-loand the other accused, lnder Masih filed an appeal before the High Court of Punjab and Haryana, which was heard and f c disposed by Judgment and Order dated 18.10.2006. The order

of conviction and sentence passed against the present ,; appellant was maintained and confirmed whereas the order of conviction against lnder Masih was set aside and he was acquitted of the charges~ Being aggrieved by the said judgment D and order the present appeal is filed by Hardip Singh on which we have heard the learned counsel for the parties who have taken us through the entire evidence on record.

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7. Mr. Mahabir Singh, the learned senior counsel * E appearing for the appellant strenuously submitted before us during the course of his arguments that the High Court as also the trial court were not justified in rejecting the defense case,

as the case put up by defense was a probable case and in that view of the matter benefit of doubt should have been

F given to the present appellant. It was also submitted by him that one of the accused persons having been acquitted by the High Court on almost similar facts an order of acquittal should )\t

...)

also have been passed in favour of the present appellant, particularly, when there was no sufficient evidence on record for justifying conviction of the present appellant. His next G submission was that the investigating officer did not comply with the mandatory provisions of Section 55 of the Act after effecting recovery from the accused. He also strenuously urged ~- that the sample having been sent to the analyst for chemical examination after a time gap of 40 days, the appellant should H have been acquitted by holding that the entir, e case of the

HARDIP SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB 319

[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.]

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prosecution is doubtful. The other submission of the counsel A was that PW 5 being an interested person bearing grudge against the appellant and also being the complainant should not have been made the investigating officer.

8. We may now proceed to examine the aforesaid B submissions of the counsel appearing for the appellant in the _. light of the evidence on record and also in the light of the j

submissions of the counsel appearing for the respondent, who strenuously urged that the defense case which was put up by the appellant was nothing but a got up story, and therefore, - both the courts below have rightly rejected the same. c

9. The defense story which was put up by the appellant was that he had been. falsely implicated by Inspector Jarnail

Singh (PW 5) on account of a grudge that he nourished against the appellant due to a vehicular accident which occurred on D 26.7.1997, which was ultimately compromised by a written apology, Ex. DB. The story was sought to be corroborated

')- ' and strengthened by certain complaints sent to higher ups_, .,,...

Ex. DC and Ex. DD on 18.8.1997 and also a telegram Ex. OF sent on 19.8.1997 in that regard by Gurdial Singh, the father E of the appellant. The story was further sought to be supstantiated by sating lhat the mere fact that Jarnail Singh had allegedly recovered the said opium and also the fact that he was the investigating officer of the case prima-facie proves that the appellant has been falsely implicated in the present criminal case on account of personal grudge against the F

-' f appellant.

10. We have carefully perused the record in view of the aforesaid allegations, alleging that the investigating officer: was nourishing a grudge against the appellant over the vehicular G accident which occurred on 26. 7.1997. A perusal of the document of apology, exhibited as Ex. DB., shows that it carries the signatures of various persons including Gurdial Singh (OW

3) and Harjap Singh (OW 5) but the signature of Jarnail Singh (PW 5), the investigating officer of the case was not appearing H

A in the said document. PW 5 was also exar:nined and cross

':( >

examined at length but not a single question was lJUt to him ..

about the execution of the aforesaid document of apology. No suggestion was. giv, en to him that the sctid dpcument was executed in his presence and that he was also a consenting

B party to the said document of apology. Therefore, the larned

trial court as also the High Court were justified in raising doubt y .. about the genuineness of the said d"efense case. A document .,.

can always be creaed falsely by obtaining signatures of few persons but the said document when produced in evidence . must be able to stand the test of genuineness .. In our I c considered opinion the said document is a doubtful document and the genuineness of the same could not be proved by the. appellant since he had failed to bring it to the notice of PW 5, during his cross examin, ation, the fact that the same was

D executed in his presence and with his consent.

11.So far as the complaints, Ex. DC and Ex. DD, allegedly sent are concerned, the same are produced by Gurdial Singh, the father of the appellant, only during the course * of his examination. Whether or nor such complaints were in E fact sent and were received by the addressee should have r been and were required to be proved in order to establish

\> that they were actually sent and received, as alleged. All the aforesaid document were also pressed before the trial court as also the High Court and they have given cogent reasons F for rejecting the defense version as also for rejecting evidentiary value of the said documents. Therefore, in our considered ~-

,...

' opinion the aforesaid defense version, which is put up by the appellant is not trustworthy and stands rejected.

12. So fa(as the question of delay in sending the samples G of opium to the Forensic Science Laboratory (FSL) is concerned, the same in our opinion has no consequence for ,..;;.. the fact that the recovery of the said sample from the possession of the appellant stands proved <; nd established by cogent and reliable evidence led in the trial. PW 5 has H

.. categorically stated and asserted about the recovery of opium.

HARDIP SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB 321

[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.] --

from the possession of the appellant, which fact is also A corroborated by a higher officer, namely, SS Mann, DSP who was als~ examined at length during the trial. The said recovery was effected in the presence of the saiCl SS Mann, Dp, as senior police officer, who ctlso put his seal on the said parcels

, ' of opium. The then Station House Officer, Inspector Baldev B

.'; Singh, who was examined as PW 1, was posted at Police ' -f Station Ajnala on the date of occurrence. He received the said samples of opium along with case material, being produced before him by PW 5. It has come on evidence that Inspector Baldev Singh kept the entire case property with him till it was c deposited in the office of the Chemical Examiner, Amritsar on 30.9.1997 through ASI Surinder Singh, (PW-3). It has also come on evidence that till the date the parcels of sample were received by the Chemical Examiner, the seal put on the said parcels was intact. That itself proves and establishes that there - was no tampering with the aforesaid seanrrthe sample at any D

} stage and the sample received by the analyst for chemical" examination contained the same opium which was recovered

~ from the possession of the appellant. In that view of the matter, delay of about 40 days in sending the samples did not and E could not have caused any prejudice to te_ _appellant. The aforesaid contention, therefore, also stand~ rejected.

13. The contention of Mr. Singh that Section 55 of the Act, which is a mandatory provision, was violated is also found

-- to be without merit in the light of the decision of this Court in F

~ y Kamai/ Singh v. State of Rajasthan [(2000) 7 SCC 632] relied by him in order to buttress his argument, wherein, a similar contention was raised ttiat after the seizure the goods were sent to the Superintendent, Central Narcotics Bureau, Kata, who, as per law, was in charge of a police station but had not G affixed his seal on the articles and the samples, and therefore the whole of the procedure followed became illegal, entitling the appellant to be acquitted. In the light of the aforesaid submissions, the Supreme Court proceeded to hold that with the application of Section 51 read with Sections 52 and 53, H

A the officer required to affix the seal etc., under Section 55,

would be "the officer in charge of the nearest police station" as distinguishable from an officer in charge of a police station empowered under Section 53. It was also held that if the arrested person and the seized articles are forwarded under B Section 52(3)(b) to the officer empowered under Section. 53, the compliance with Section 55 cannot be insisted upon. The Supreme Court further held in the said case that keeping in view the multifarious activities and the duties cast upon the offi<ter in charge of the police station under the Code of c Criminal Procedure and he being apparently busy with the duties under the Code, the officers mentioned in Section 53 of the Act have been mandated to take action for disposal of the seized narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances by filing an application which, when filed, has to be allowed by

0 the Magistrate as soon as may be.

The appellant has also failed to show any prejudice caused to him for not putting the seal in the sample by the officer-in-charge of the police station. PW 5 has categ.orically stated that on reaching the Police Station, Ajnala, he handed E over the case property with the seals intact to the officer-incharge of the said police station, who was examined in the trial as PW 1 . PW 1 in is deposition has also stated that Inspector Jarnail Singh produced before him the case property and sample on 20.8.1997 with seals intact. He has also stated F that so long the said articles .remained in his custody and - possession, the same were not tampered with. In the light of aforesaid nature of evidence on record, no prejudice is caused to the appellant on that count.

In the case of Ouseph v. State of Kera/a, [(2004) 10 G SCC 647] it was held by this Court that under the provfsions of Section 55 of the Act, the requirement may not be mandatory. However in that case in view of peculiar facts ofthe case and as the contraband articles were kept in totally unsealed condition for near about two months it was held that H the same creates doubt.

HARDIP SINGH v. STATE OF PUNJAB 323

[DR. MUKUNDAKAM SHARMA, J.] ... l

14. As far as the submission that as Inspector Jarnail A Singh was the complainant he should not have been made the investigating officer is concerned we may make reference to the decision of this Court in State v. V Jayapaul, [(2004) 5 sec 223], wherein it was held as under:

"We find no principle or binding authority to hold that the B

~ moment the competent police officer, on the basis of -f information received, makes out an FIR incorporating his name as the informant, he forfeits his right to investigate.

If at all, such investigation could only be assailed on the ground of bias or real likelihood of bias on the part of the c investigating officer. The question of bias would depend on the facts and circumstances of each case and it is not proper to lay down a broad and unqualified proposition, in the manner in which it has been done by the High Court, that whenever a police officer proceeds to investigate after D registering the FIR on his own, the investigation would

)- necessarily be unfair or biased"

-+- Concurring with the Courts below we have already held that the version of the defense is nothing more than a got up E story of his own whims and caprices, thus in the facts and circumstances of the present case the question of bias does not arise. Sri Jarnail Singh made the recoveries of the opium and seized the same and therefore, he was rightly made the

Investigating Officer iii the case. The defense case which is found to be a got up story was soughrto be made out only F -

'f. during the trial by which time investigation was complete. This contention therefore is also found to be without merit.

15. In view of the aforesaid observations and findings recorded by us, we find no merit in the appeal, which is G accordingly dismissed. The appellant, who is in the custody,

"-"' shall serve the remaining sentence, in accordance with law.

N.J.

Appeal dismissed.