RAJASTHAN PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSION A

KAILA KUMAR PALIW AL AND ANR.

MAY2, 2007

(S.B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KA TJU, JJ.] B

Service Law-Promotion-To the Post of Headmaster, Secondary Schools-Entitlement of Teacher Grade Ill, initially appointed as Laboratory Assistant-Held: Such teachers not entitled to promotion to the post of C Headmaster-In order to be considered for promotion to a higher post, person must possess essential qualificativn-Such qualification cannot be relaxed even by the Selection Committee in absence of express power for the same-Determination of criteria for qualification would depend on the rules operating in thefield-Rajasthan Educational Service Rules, 1970-Rajasthan Education (Subordinate Services) Rules, 1971.

The respondents were initially appointed as Laboratory Assistants. They had also worked on the post of Teacher Grade III. Their cases for recruitment to the post of Headmaster of the Secondary Schools were not considered by the appellant-Commission. Their Writ Petitions seeking direction to call them for interview was dismissed by Single Judge of High Court. In intra-court E appeal, Division Bench of High Court allowed the plea of the respondents.

In appeals to this Court, the question for consideration was as to whether the experience of respondents as Laboratory Assistant and Teacher Grade III entitled them to be considered for promotion to the post of Headmaster.

Allowing the appeals, the Court F

HELD: 1.1. Posts of Head Master are governed by Rajasthan Educational Service Rules, 1970. Five years' teaching experience is required for consideration for appointment to the post of Head Master which in turn is G referable to teaching in certain capacity on certain categories or posts.

Therefore, those who had been holding posts of Teacher Grade III with the minimum educational qualification of Matriculation or Secondary Education with a certificate in training would not be entitled to teaching in secondary classes or higher classes in view of the scope and purport of both 1970 Rules 1131 H

A as also Rajasthan Education (Subordinate Services) Rules, 1971, the Commission was correct in its view. (Paras 13, 14 and l 7) 11137-C, D, E; 1138-A-B)

1.2. In the instant case, the rules are absolutely clear and explicit. Not ~1

B only the posts of Head Master is governed by a separate set of rules, the posts ofTeacher Grade lil provides for a promotional avenue to the posts of Teacher Grade II which in turn provides for promotion to the other grades of teacher.

It is, thus, inconceivable that experience gained by a person holding the post of Teacher Grade Ill governed by the subordinate services rules would be entitled to be considered for promotion to the post of Head Master although c experience of teaching in particular classes is relevant therefor.

(Paras 26 and 27) (1140-F, G)

A. Umarani v. Registrar, Cooperative Societies and Ors., [2004) 7 SCC 112, relied on.

D State of Rajasthan v. Manmohar Singh and Ors., [2003) 1 CDR 839, disapproved.

2.1. A person in order to be considered for promotion to a higher post must possess the essential qualification. If he does not do so, he cannot be considered therefor. Even the selection committee in absence of any express E .power conferred upon it cannot relax such essential qualification.

(Para 20) [1138-D)

J.C. Yadav and Ors. v. State of Haryana and Ors., [1990) 2 SCC 189 and Dr. Bhanu Prasad Panda v. Chancellor, Sambalpur University and Ors., [2001) 8 sec 532, referred to.

F 2.2. Recruitment to a post must be made strictly in terms of the Rules operating in the field. Essential qualification must be possessed by a person as on the date of issuance of the notification or as specified in the rules and only in absence thereof, the qualification required till the last date of filing of

G the application would be the relevant date. (Para 21) [1138-E, F)

Ashok Kumar Sharma and Ors. v. Chander Shekhar and Anr., [1997) 4

~ SCC 18; UP. Public Service Commission U.P., Allahabad and Anr. v. Alpana, .,

[1994) 2 SCC 723 and Harpal Kaur Chahal (Smt.) v. Director, Punjab Instructions, Punjab and Anr., (1995) Supp. 4 SCC 706, referred to.

H 2.3. Even where there exists a provision for relaxation, for example ....

relaxation in age, the same must be strictly complied with.

A (Para 22) (1138-G)

Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan and Ors. v. Sajal Kumar Roy and Ors.,

(2006) 8 SCC 671 and P.K. Kamachandra Iyer and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., (1984) 2 SCC 141, referred to.

2.4. The question as to whether a person fulfils the criteria of teaching experience or not would depend upon the rules operating in the field. When i the rules are clear and explicit, the same has to be given effect to. Only in a case where the rules are not clear, the candidate concerned must place adequate

material to show that he fulfils the requisite qualification.

C [Para 23) (1138-H; 1139-A)

State of Bihar and Anr. etc. etc. v. As is Kumar Mukherjee and Ors., etc. etc. A.I.R. (1975) SC 192, referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 2317 of2007.

From the Final Judgment and Order dated 02.09.2005 of the High Court of Judicature of Rajasthan at Jodhpur in D B Civil Special Appeal (Writ) No. 785 of2004 in SB Civil Writ Petition No. 7031 of 2003.

WITH

C.A. No. 2318 of2007.

Manish Kumar, Ansar Ahmad Chaudhary, Madhurima Tatia and Aruneshwar Gupta for the Appellant.

B.D. Sharma and Vikram Jeet Sikand for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

S.B. SINHA, J. 1. Leave granted.

2. Respondents herein were Laboratory Assistants in the Government High Schools. They were appointed on or about 24.1.1992 to the said posts.

They worked in the post of Teacher Grade-Ill from 13.10.1997.

3. The Rajasthan Public Service Commission (for short as "Commission") issued an advertisement on or about 7 .3 .2002 for the posts of Headmaster of Secondary Schools. The minimum qualification and other conditions laid down therefor in terms of Rajasthan Educational Service Rules, 1970 are as under: H

Name of Method of Minimum Post or posts Minimum Maximum No Post recruitment qualification and from which qualifications age limit for with experience for direct promotion in to and experience direct percentage recruitment be made required for recruitment promorion I 2 3 4 5 6 7

[Ia Headmasters, 50% by !(a) Bachelor's Teacher's in 1.(a) Bachelors 33 years Sec. School direct degree or diploma grade II in Degree with a for boys recruitment in education Section C, D, degree or and 50% by

(b) Experience of E and F of diploma in promotion teaching High/Jr. the Schedule Education HSS/Hr. Sec. Class appended for 5 years or

(b) Experience experience of of teaching administrative charge High/Jr. Hr. of Middle Schools Sec./Higher for 4 years and of Sec./classes teaching High/Jr. for 5 years or HSS/Hr. Sec. classes experience of for 3 years Administrative OR charge of Five years' experience Middle Schools on the posts of for 4 years and Teachers Grade II or of teaching

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

above under any of High/Jr. Hr. Sec./ the Sections C, D, E Hr. Sec. classes and F of the Schedule for 3 years appended to the Rajasthan Educational OR Subordinate Service Rules, 1971] Qualifications prescribed in Note I. Degree or 1(a) of column Diploma referred to 4 and should above shall be of a have been University established exempted by by Law in India or of the Board foreign University of Sec. recognised as Education, equivalent hereto by Rajasthan from the Government possessing of qualifications Note 2. Teaching in prescribed in RTS!BSTC/Schools will sub-rule (I) be deemed as

(b) in regard equivalent to teaching to the number in High/Jr. Higher Sec./ of years Hr. Sec. Classes. - c:; VI

4. Inter alia on the premise that the respondents did not fulfil the requisite eligibility criteria contained in the said rules, their cases for recruitment to the posts of Headmaster of the secondary schools were not considered by the Commission.

5. Indisputably, in terms of the said Rules, 50% of the post of Head B Master were to be filled up by direct recruitment; whereas the rest 50% by promotion.

6. Respondents filed a writ petition praying inter alia for issuance of a writ of or in the nature of mandamus directing the Commission to call them for interview for consideration of their appointments to the said posts pursuant C to the aforementioned advertisement dated 7.3.2002 having regard to their experience as Laboratory Assistants. A learned Single Judge of the High Court by a Judgment and Order dated 17.12.2003 relying on or on the basis of an earlier decision of a coordinate Bench of the said Court in Smt. Manjulata

v. RPSC & Anr., SBCWP No. 421/1997 disposed on 24. l.1997, dismissed the said petition. Intra court appeals were preferred thereagainst and by reason D of the impugned judgment, the Division Bench following another Division Bench judgment rendered in State of Rajasthan v Manmohar Singh & Ors.,

(2003) 1 CDR 839, allowed the same.

7. The State of Rajasthan and Rajasthan Public Service Commission are thus, before us.

8. The only question which arises for consideration in these appeals is as to whether the High Court was correct in opining that the experience gained by the respondents while working as Laboratory Assistants or Teacher Grade-III satisfies the requirements laid down in the said advertisement dated

7.32002.

9. The services of the teachers working in the schools in the State of Rajasthan are governed by the Rajasthan Educational Service Rules, 1970 and Rajasthan Education (Subordinate Services) Rules, 1971. Subordinate service consists of the posts as specified in the schedule appended thereto.A Teacher Grade-III as also a Laboratory Assistant come within the purview of the term G 'subordinate services'. The minimum qualification for holding the post of a Teacher Grade-III is Matriculation with certificate of training, whereas that of Laboratory Assistant is Secondary with Science as an optional subject.

10. The Rajasthan Educational Service Rules, 1970, on the other hand, deal with appointment inter alia of Head Masters, Assistant Head Masters,

Deputy Inspectors of Schools etc; the minimum qualifications wherefor are A Bachelors' degree and Degree or Diploma in Education.

11. In the Rajasthan Education (Subordinate Services) Rules, 1971, there exist posts of Teachers Grade-II. Post of Teacher Grade-III, Laboratory Assistants and Teachers in deaf and dumb, blind schools provide for avenues of promotion to the post of Teachers Grade-II, Sub-Deputy Inspectors and B Enforcement Assistant etc.

12. The said posts also provide for avenue, to the posts of Senior Teachers which was substituted for Teachers Grade-II by notification dated 6.1.1990. Indisputably, there are certain other posts which are filled up by promotion inter alia from amongst the category of Teacher Grade-II as for C example Lecturer etc., Technical Testing Assistants in Bureau of Educational and Vocational Guidance etc.

13. Posts of Head Master, it would bear repetition to state, are governed by the 1970 Rules. Five years' teaching experience is required for consideration for appointment to the post of Head Master which in turn is referable to D teaching in certain capacity on certain categories or posts.

14. It is, therefore, difficult to accept that those who had been holding posts of Teacher Grade-III with the minimum educational qualification of Matriculation or Secondary Education with a certificate in training would be entitled to teaching in secondary classes or higher classes.

15. In the case of Manju/ata (supra), the Rajasthan High Court whereupon the learned Single Judge placed reliance upon, stated;

"A show cause notice had, therefore, been issued to the respondent- RPSC, who on appearance, has informed this Court that the petitioner does not qualify for the post as she has been working as Lab. F Assistant, which is a lower post than the post of regular teachers and her experience as a Lab. Assistant does not give her any credit towards teaching experience. Shri Kumawat on behalf ofR.P.S.C. also informed that this question had been ascertained from a Body of the Experts by the R.P.S.C. in which the Committee has given its opinion G in the negative, and hence, no Lab. Assistants are held to be eligible for the post of Head-Mistress/Head Master."

16. It is, therefore, evident that Public Service Commission which is an expert body upon obtaining opinion from other experts came to the conclusion that for the purpose of appointment to the post of Head Master of a Secondary H

A School, whether by way of direct recruitment or promotion, qualifications ·~ requisite for a candidate as in the post of Teacher Grade-III are not sufficient.

17. We, having regard to the scope and purport of both 1970 Rules as also 1971 Rules, are of the opinion that the Commission was correct in its view.

18. The Division Bench of the Rajasthan High Court in Manmohar Singh (supra) was considering a case of clubbing of experiences of Grade-III teacher with that of Grade-II teacher. It proceeded on the premise that once an academic qualification was prescribed, a person having such qualification t need not acquire the teaching experience separately both as Grade-II and C Grade-III teacher.

19. The learned judges with respect, were not correct in taking such a view.

20. A person in order to be considered :or promotion to a higher post must possess the essential qualification. If he does not do so, he cannot be D considered therefore. Even the selection committee in absence of any express power conferred upon it cannot relax such essential qualification. See J.C.

Yadav and Ors v State of Haryana and Ors., [ 1990] 2 SCC 189 and Dr. Bhanu Prasad Panda v Chancellor, Sambalpur University and Ors., [2001] 8 SCC 532.

21. Recruitment to a post must be made strictly in terms of the Rules operating in the field. Essential qualification must be possessed by a person as on the date of issuance of the notification or as specified in the rules and only in absence thereof, the qualification acquired till the last date of filing of the application would be the relevant date. See Ashok Kumar Sharma and F Ors. v. Chander Shekhar and Anr., [ 1997] 4 SCC 18, UP. Public Service Commission UP., Allahabad and .4nr v. Alpana, [1994] 2 SCC 723 and Harpal Kaur Chahal (Smt.) v. Director, Punjab Instructions, Punjab and Anr., [1995] Supp 4 sec 706.

22. Even where there exists a provision for relaxation, for example G relaxation in age, the same must be strictly complied with. {See Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan and Ors. v. Sajal Kumar Roy and Ors., [2006] 8 SCC 671 and P.K. Ramachandra Iyer and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., [1984] 2 sec 141}.

23. We are not oblivious of the fact that the question as to whether H a person fulfils the criteria of teaching experience or not would depend upon

the rules operating in the field. When the rules are clear and explicit, the same A has to be given effect to. Only in a case where the rules are not clear, the candidate concerned must place adequate material to show that he fulfils the requisite qualification. {See The State of Bihar and Anr etc. etc. v. As is Kumar Mukherjee and Ors. etc. etc., A.LR. (1975) SC 192}.

24. We may notice that in P.K. Ramachandra Iyer (supra) this Court B held;

"31. In this context one more submission may be disposed of. It was said that the committee consisted of experts and they were highly qualified persons who would be able to evaluate and assess the relative merits of each of the candidates before it and the Court is C least competent to do so and therefore it would be unwise to substitute experts' decision by Court's decision. In this connection reliance was placed on Dr. MC. Gupta v. Dr. Arun Kumar Gupta, in which this Court held as under :

When selection is made by the Commission aided and advised D by experts having technical experience and high academic qualifications in the specialist field, probing teaching/research experience in technical subjects, the Courts should be slow to interfere with the opinion expressed by experts unless there are allegations of mala tides against them. It would normally be prudent and safe for the courts to leave the decision of academic E matters to experts who are more familiar with the problems they face than the courts generally can be. Undoubtedly, even such a body if it were to contravene rules and regulations binding upon it in making the selection and recommending the selectees for appointment, the Court in exercise of extraordinary jurisdiction F to enforce rule oflaw, may interfere in a writ petition under Article 226 ..... .

It was urged that once it is conceded that as the power of selection and appointment vests in the ICAR, the Court should not usurp that power merely because it would have chosen a different person as better qualified (see State of Bihar v. Dr. Asis Kumar Mukherjee). G Undoubtedly, the Court must look with respect upon the performance of duties by experts in the respective fields as has been said in Dr.

M.C. Gupta case. However, the task of ushering a society based on rule of law is entrusted to this Court and it cannot abdicate its functions. Once it is most satisfactorily established that the selection H

committee did not have the power to relax essential qualification pertaining to experience, the entire process of selection of respondent 6 was in contravention of the established norms prescribed by advertisement and power of the selection committee and procedure of fair and just selection and equality in the matter of public employment and to rectify resultant injustice and establish constitutional value this Court must interfere. Selection of respondent 6 is contrary to rules and orders and in violation of prescribed norms of qualification.

He was ineligible for the post when selected: His selection and appointment would be required to be quashed and set aside."

25. In A. Umarani v. Regist:ar, Cooperative Societies and Ors., [2004] C 7 SCC 112, this Court held;

"Regularisation, in our considered opinion, is not and cannot be the mode of recruitment by any "State" within the meaning of Article 12 of the Constitution of India or any body or authority governed by a statutory Act or the Rules framed thereunder. It is also now well D settled that an appointment made in violation of the mandatory provisions of the statute and in particular, ignoring the minimum educational qualification and other essential qualification would be wholly illegal. Such illegality cannot be cured by taking recourse to regularisation. (See State of HP. v. Suresh Kumar Verma)" E (Emphasis Added)

26. In the instant case, the rules are absolutely clear and explicit.

27. In the instant case, not only the posts of Head Master is governed by a separate set of rules, as has been noticed hereinbefore, the posts of Teacher Grade-III provides for a promotional avenue to the posts of Teacher F Grade-II which in tum provides for promotion to the other grades of teacher.

It is, thus, in our opinion inconceivable that experience gained by a person holding the post of Teacher Grade-III governed by the subordinate services rules would be entitled to be considered for promotion to the post of Head Master although experience of teaching in particular classes is relevant therefor.

28. For the reasons aforementioned, the impugned Judgment of the Division Bench cannot be sustained which is set aside accordingly. The Appeals are allowed. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case, there shall be no order as to costs.

K.K.T.

Appeals allowed.