MIS. ENGINEERS SYNDICATE

STATE OF BIHARAND ORS.

JANUARY 17, 2007

[DR.AR. LAKSHMANAN AND V.S. SIRPURKAR, JJ.]

Arbitration Act, 1940-Section JO-Non-speaking award- Interference by court-Scope of-Held: Award without giving reasons cannot be remitted or set aside by court being unreasoned in absence of C any stipulation to the contrary in arbitration agreement or deed of submission-Where no reasons are given by the arbitrator for arriving at the conclusion, court cannot speculate nor consider whether the view of arbitrator on evidence is justified-Thus, order of trial court setting aside the award being non-speaking and arbitrator failed to refer the claim item

D wise and objection raised, not correct and set aside.

Dispute arose between the parties and they invoked arbitration clause as per the agreement. Arbitrator passed an award in favour of the appellant and against the respondent. Trial Court set aside the award on the ground that tile award was non-speaking and it failed to refer the claim item-wise E and objection of the respondent. Hlgh Court upheld the order. Hence the present appeal.

Allowing the appeal, the Court

F . HELD: It is not open to the court to speculate, where no reasons are

given by the arbitrator, as to what impelled the arbitrator to arrive at his conclusion. The power of the court to attempt to probe the mental process by which the arbitrator had reached his conclusion where it was not disclosed by the terms of his award is declined. The court in dealing with an application to set aside an award has not to consider whether the view of the arbitrator on the evidence is justified and that the arbitrator's adjudication is generally considered binding between the parties, for he is a tribunal selected by the parties and the power of the court to set aside the award is restricted to cases set out in section 30 of the Arbitration Act.

An award can neither be remitted nor set aside merely on the ground that H it does not contain reasons in support of the conclusion or decisions

1080 .

...

reached in it except where the arbitration agreement or the deed of A submission requires him to give reasons. The arbitrator or umpire is under no obligation to give reasons in support of the decision reached by him unless under the arbitration agreement or in the deed of submission he is required to give such reasons and ifthe arbitrator or umpire chooses to give reasons in support of his decision it is open to the court to set aside the award if it finds that an error of law has been committed by the arbitrator or umpire on the face of the record on going through such reasons. Thus, the order passed by trial court and as upheld by High Court is set aside and the award passed by the arbitrator is restored. (Paras 8 and 10] [1083-A-F, 1084-F)

Raipur Development Authority and Ors. v. Mis Chokhamal Contractors and Ors., (1989] 2 SCC 721, followed.

Bharat Coking Coal Ltd. v. Annapurna Construction, [2003] 8 SCC 154, distinguished.

Rajendra Construction Co. v. Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority and Ors., [2005) 6 SCC 678, referred to.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 266 of2007.

From the Judgment and Final Order dated 30.9.2004 of the High Court E of Judicature at Patna in C.R. No. 2035/2001.

Uday U. Lalit, Sr. Adv., Manoj K. Srivastava and K.L. Taneja for the Appellant.

Nishakant Pandey and Gopal Singh for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DR. AR. LAKSHMANAN, J. : I. Leave granted .

2. The case on hand arise under the Arbitration Act, 1940.

3. This appeal is directed against the final judgment dt.30.09.2004 passed by the High Court of Judicature at Patna in C.R.No.2035 of 2001.

4. The short facts leading to the filing of this appeal are as under :· H

The appellant made an agreementNo.58 F-2of1980-81 with respondent No.2 acted on behalf of respondent No. I for the construction of 'C' type six blocks quarters at Sherpur Colony Gandak Project Muzaffarpur for the total consideration of an amount of Rs.19,02,428.21. Since there is dispute between the parties, the appellant had to resort to the court of Subordinate Judge, Muzaffarpur to invoke the arbitration clause of the aforesaid agreement.

The 1st Subordinate Judge vide its order dt. 02.04.1988 in Misc. Case No. 5/86 appointed the respondent No.4 as an arbitrator to arbitrate and adjudicate the dispute and to pass the award. The appellant laid the total claim of Rs.15,77,073 before the arbitrator.

5. The arbitrator made the award on 04.07.1988 in favour of the

appellant for Rs.8,53,837 only as consolidated and lump sum amount for all claims of t.lie appellant and against the respondents along with interest at the rate of 12% per annum till the date of realisation.

6. The High Court on 30.09.2004, affirmed the award passed by the Subordinate Judge and rejected the appeal filed by the respondents against which the respondent preferred an appeal in this Court. This Court vide its Order dt.16.08.1996, directed the learned Subordinate Judge to dispose of the objection of the State (the respondent herein) on merits. Pursuant to this Order, the learned Subordinate Judge set aside the impugned order on the ground that the award was non-speaking and the award failed to refer the claim item-wise and objection of the respondents. The High Court affirmed the impugned judgment of the learned Subordinate Judge. Aggrieved against the said order, the appellant has come before this Court by way of an SLP.

7. We have heard Mr.U.U.Lalit, learned senior counsel appearing for the appellant and Mr.Nishakant Pandey, learned counsel for the respondents.

Mr. Lalit, learned senior counsel submitted that the order passed by the learned Subordinate Judge, as affrrmed by the High Court, is not correct and that the award can be set aside on the ground of error of law apparent on the face of the record under Section 30 of the Act but it qualified the above legal position that the court while dealing with the application for setting aside an award has no power to consider whether the view of the arbitrator on the evidence was justified.

8. In support of the said contention, the learned senior counsel placed strong reliance on the Judgment of this Court in Raipur Development

f' ..

Authority and Others v. Mis Chokhamal Contractors and Others reported in (1989) 2 SCC 721 (Five Judges Bench). The learned senior counsel invited our attention to some of the Judgments referred to in the said Judgment and in particular paras 14, 16, 17, 19 and 38 also. This Court, in the above Judgment has categorically held that it was not open to the High Court to speculate where no reasons are given by the arbitrator, a~ to what impelled the arbitrator to arrive at his conclusion. The court declined to recognise the power of the court to attempt to probe the mental process by which the arbitrator had reached his conclusion where it was not disclosed by the terms of his award. It is also further observed in the said judgment that the court in dealing with an application to set aside an award has not to consider whether the view of the arbitrator on the evidence is justified and that the arbitrator's adjudication is generally considered binding between the parties, for he is a tribunal selected by the parties and the power of the court to set aside the award is restricted to cases set out in Section 30. It is also further observed that it is not open to the court to speculate, where no reasons are given by the arbitrator, as to what impelled the arbitrator to arrive at his conclusion. This Court in para 19 of the above Judgment has also observed as under :-

"It is now well settled that an award can neither be remitted nor set aside merely on the ground that it does not contain reasons in support of the conclusion or decisions reached in it except where the arbitration agreement or the deed of submission requires him to give reasons. The arbitrator or umpire is under no obligation to give reasons in support of the decision reached by him unle.ss under the arbitration agreement or in the deed of submission he is required to give such reasons and if the arbitrator or umpire chooses to give reasons in support of his decision it is open to the court to set aside the award if it finds that an error of law has been committed by the arbitrator or umpire on the face of the record on going through such reasons. The arbitrator or umpire shall have to give reasons also where the court has directed in any order such as the

one made under Section 20 or Section 21 or Section 34 of the Act G that reasons should be given or where the statute which governs an arbitration requires him to do so."

9. The learned senior counsel then relied upon the Judgment of this Court in Rajendra Construction Co. v. Maharashtra Housing & Area H

Development Authority and Others reported in [2005] 6 SCC 678 in which similar question arose for consideration by this Court. In the said case, the High Court concluded that the awards were vitiated under Section 30 of the Act and observed that the view taken by the sole arbitrator which has been made rule of the court by the trial court is unsustainable on the ground that it suffers from errors apparent on the face of the record and the sole arbitrator misdirected the proceedings, in as-much-as, he was required to adjudicate upon the issues framed by the trial court and give reasons thereof in respect of the claims allowed by him. The said observation made by the High Court was not countenanced by this Court as could be seen from para 23 of the said Judgment at page 687. This Court also observed that the C present awards are not under the new Act but under the old Act and it is, therefore, obvious that they could not have been set aside by the High Court on the ground that they were not supported by reasons and were not speaking awards.

10. Learned counsel appearing for the respondents placed his reliance on a Judgment in Bharat Coking Coal Ltd v. Annapurna Construction repmted in [2003] 8 SCC 154. This judgment was rendered on 29.08.2003 by a Division Bench comprising of two Judges of this Court. Before the Bench, the Judgment reported in [1989] 2 SCC 721 (supra) was also cited. However, the Court has not followed the said principle laid down in [ 1989] 2 SCC 721

(supra) on the ground that the case on hand reported in [2003] 8 sec 154 stands on a different footing, namely, that the arbitrator while passing the award in relation to some in terms failed and/or neglected to take into consideration the relevant clauses of the contract, nor did he take into consideration the relevant materials for the purpose of arriving at a correct finding and that such an order would amount to misdirection in law. The said question was not involved in the present case. The Judgment reported in [2003] 8 SCC 154 (supra) is not a case of silent or non-speaking award.

Following the principles laid down in [l 989] 2 sec 721 (supra), we allow the appeal filed by the appellant herein and set aside the order passed by the learned Subordinate Judge and as affirmed by the High Court. In the result, the award passed by the arbitrator dt.04.07 .1988 is restored and the appellant will be entitled to the amount awarded by the said award. The award of the arbitrator dt.04.07 .1988 is made a rule of court.

No costs.

N.J.

Appeal allowed.