TRIVENI CHEMICALS LTD.

A v.

UNION OF INDIA AND ANR.

DECEMBER I5, 2006

[S.B. SINHA AND MARKANDEY KA TJU, JJ.] B

Central Excise Act, 1944-Section 1 I B (As amended by Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991)-Refund of excise duty-Plea of unjust enrichment raised by the claimant before the original as well as appellate authorities-After order for refund from judicial side, demand of C refund from administrative side-Denial of refund on the ground that it was for the claimant to prove that the burden of duty had been passed on to the customers relying on Amendment Act-Held: Claimant was entitled to refund- Provisions of Section 1 I B as inserted by Amending Act would not be applicable to application to be dealt with on administrative side- D Administrative authorities were bound to refund the amount in view of doctrine of judicial discipline-The provision is not applicable to cases where proceedings came to an end before coming into force of the amending provision-Doctrine of Judicial discipline-Doctrine of Unjust Enrichment- Retrospective operation of statute.

Appellant, a manufacturer had deposited excise duty under protest After the manufactured article was classified under exempted item, appellant became entitled for refund of the duty and he applied for the same. He was denied

..- • refund. Appeal thereagainst was allowed. Appellant thereafter filed several representations. Despite that refund was not made. Plea of unjust enrichment F was taken before the original as well as the appellate authority. Such plea was not taken in the representations. Appellant filed a Writ Petition which

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was dismissed by High Court holding that the appellant was bound to prove that the incidence of duty was not p&ssed on to its customers. Hence the present appeal

The question for consideration before this Court was whether in the facts of this case, Section I I B as amended by Section 3 of Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, I99I is applicable.

A Allowing the appeal, the Court

HELD: 1. The respondents herein could raise all contentions before the Appellate Authority. In fact, before the original authority, a plea of unjust enrichment was raised. Such a plea, however, appears to have not been raised before the Appellate Authority. If no such plea was raised, only because the B appellant herein filed an application to be dealt with on the administrative side for refund subsequently, the same would not attract the provisions of Section

11 B of Central Excise Act, t 944 as inserted by Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991. (1202-F-H)

2. The application filed subsequently by the appellant was required to C be filed to proceed with the.matter on administrative side. Appellant had all along been contending that despite such order, the amount in questin had not been refu11ded. It was, therefore, obligatory on the part of the concerned authorities to comply with the order passed by the Collector. The authorities were bound to do so in view of the doctrine of judicial discipline. The same D having not been done the plea sought to be raised now that it was for the appellant to prove that the burden of the duty had not been passed to the customers cannot be accepted. (1202-G-H; 1203-A-B]

3. Section 11 B was inserted with retrospective effect. However, the retrospective effect and retroactive operation given to the said provision E confined only to cases where the applications for refund were pending. The said provision did not apply to a case where the proceeding had come to an end before coming into force of the said amending provision. (1203-B-C]

Mafatlal Industries Ltd and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors., (1997] 5 SCC 536; Commissioner of Central Excise, Mumbai-II v. Allied F Photographies India Ltd, (2004] 4 sec 34, distinguished.

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION : Civil Appeal No. 5836 of2006.

From the final Judgment and Order dated 29.9.2004 of the High Court of Gujarat at Ahmedabad in S.C.A. No. 7949/1991.

Jay Savla and Reena Bagga for the Appellant.

Mohan Pararsaran, A.S.G., B. Krishna Prasad for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

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TRI VEN I CHEMICALS LTD. v. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 1199

S.B. SINHA, J. Leave granted.

Appellant is a manufacturer of 'Adhesive' falling under Tariff Item No. 68 of the erstwhile schedule to the Central Excise and Salts Act, 1944. It was classified as such. It deposited the excise duty under protest. A dispute arose as it was held to be classifiable under Tariff Entry No. 68 by an order dated l l.l l.l 985. Indisputably, the said order attained finality. The question B which arises for consideration is as to whether the appellant was entitled to refund of the excess amount of the excise duty paid by it. An application therefor was filed on 19.03.1985. The said application was rejected. An appeal was preferred thereagainst before the Collector of Central Excise (Appeals). By an order dated 07 .09.1989, the said appeal was allowed stating C

" ... The refund arising due to this order cannot be rejected on the plea that the department has preferred an appeal against the order of CEGA T in the case of Nevichem Synthetic Industries on the basis of

~ which the above order was passed. The facts and circumstances of D the appellant's case and that of Nevichem Industries and distinguishable. It is seen that the Asstt. Collector has not based his conclusion upon the ratio of the said CEGA T judgment. A casual reference has been made to the said CEGA T order by the Asstt.

Collector after reaching a findings on the classification of the impugned product. In view of the matter the appeal filed by the department E against the CEGT AT order will have no effect on the appellants even if it is decided in favour of the department."

Appel!nt thereafter filed several_representations dated 2l.Q9.1989 and l I .07.1991 for refund of the said amount. As despite the said representations, the amount in question was not refunded, a notice of hearing was given to F it on 06.08.1991.

It filed a writ petition. By reason of the impugned judgment, the writ petition of the appellant was dismissed, opining :

"In view of the above, learned Standing Counsel Shri Malkan for G the respondents was very much right in submitting that the respondents were not required to file any reply to such type of petition. He has rightly submitted that at first instance there was gross delay of about 2 years in approaching this Court by way of petition for the claim of their refund and no one had remained present H

on 26.8.1991, therefore, the respondent no. 2 has not passed any order on the refund application of the petitioner. He submitted that in absence of any written order passed by the respondent no. 2, this Court should not entertain this petition. There is a lot of substance in this submission. If the respondent no.2 had at all conveyed orally to the representative of the petitioner on 26.8.1991 that the petitioner was not entitled for any refund on the ground of unjust enrichment then the petitioner could have requested the respondent No.2 in writing to pass such order in writing. But, nothing is done and it seems that because of the delay of 2 years after sending reminder to the respondent No. 2 for refund, the petitioner approached this Court in October, 1991 by way of this petition taking advantage of the letter dtd. 6.8. I 991 issued by the respondent No.2.

In view of the above discussion, this petition fails and is dismissed.

Rule is discharged. However, there shall be no order as to costs."

Section 11 B of the Central Excise Act, 1944, (for short, 'the Act') as was applicable at the relevant point of time, read as under :

"Section 11 B: Claim for refund of duty.- (I) Any person claiming of any duty of excise may make an application for refund of such duty to the Assistant Collector of Central Excise before the expiry of six months from the relevant date.

Provided that the limitation of six months shall not apply where any duty has been paid under protest.

(2) If on receipt of any such application, the Assistant Collector of Central Excise is satisfied that the whole or any part of the duty of excise paid by the applicant should be refunded to him, he may make an order accordingly.

(3) Wbere as a result of any order passed in appeal or revision under this Act refund of any duty of excise becomes due to any persons the Assistant Collector of Central Excise may refund the amount to such person without his having to make any claim in that behalf."

It underwent an amendment on or about 20 .09 .1991 by reason of Section 3 of the Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991, which H reads as under :

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TRIVENI CHEMICALS LTD. v. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 1201

"Section 118: Claim for refund of duty.-(l) Any person claiming A refund of any duty of excise may make an application for refund of such duty to the Assistant Commissioner of Central Excise before the expiry of six months from the relevant date in such form and manner as may be prescribed and the application shall be accompanied by such documentary or other evidence including the documents referred B to in Section 12A as the applicant may furnish to establish that the amount of duty of excise in relation to which such refund is claimed was collected from, or paid by, him and the incidence of such duty had not been passed on by him to any other person.

Provided that where an application for refund has been made C before the commencement of the Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991, such application shall be deemed to have been made under this Sub-section as amended by the said Act and the same shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of subsection (2) substituted by the Act.

Provided further that the limitation of six months shall not apply where any duty has been paid under protest.

(2) If, on receipt of any such application, the Assistant Commissioner of Central Excise is satisfied that the whole or any part

of the duty of excise paid by the applicant is refundable, he may make E an order accordingly and the amount so determined shall be credited to the Fund.

Provided that the amount of duty of excise as determined by the Assistant Commissioner of Central Excise under the foregoing provisions of this Sub-section shall, instead of being credited to the p Fund, be paid to the applicant, if such amount is relatable to :

(a) rebate of duty of excise on excisable goods exported out of India or on excisable materials used in the manufacture of goods which are exported out of India;

(b) unspent advance deposits lying in balance in the applicant's G account current maintained with the Commissioner of Central Excise;

(c) refund of credit of duty paid on excisable goods used as inputs in accordance with the rules made, or any notification issued, under this Act; H

(d) duty of excise paid by the manufacturer, if he had not passed

on the incidence of such duty to any other person;

(e) the duty of excise borne by the buyer, if he had not passed on the incidence of such duty to any other person;

(t) the duty of excise borne by any other such class of applicants as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify;

Provided further that no notification under clause (f) of the first proviso shall be issued unless in the opinion of the Central Government the incidence of duty has not been passed on by the persons concerned to any other person.

(3) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any judgment, decree, order or direction of the Appellate Tribunal or any Court or in any other provision of this Act or the rules made thereunder or any other law for the time being in force, no refund shall be made except as provided in Sub-section (2)"

The short question which arises for consideration before is as to whether in the peculiar facts and circumstances of this case, Section 11 B, as amended by Section 3 of the Central Excise and Customs Laws (Amendment) Act, 1991, E would be applicable.

We have noticed hereinbefore that the application for refund was rejected by the Assessing Authority. It was, however, allowed by the Appellate Authority. It is not in dispute that no further appeal was taken therefrom. The said order, therefore, attained finality. It matters little as to whether the F application for refund was in the prescribed form or not. The respondents herein could raise all contentions before the Appellate Authority. In fact, before the original authority, a plea of unjust enrichment was raised. Such a plea, however, appearsto have not been raised before the Appellate Authority. If no such plea was raised, only because the appellant herein filed an application to be dealt with ori the administrative side for refund G subsequently, the same would not, in our considered view, attract the provisions of Section 118 as inserted by the Amending Act of 1991.

The application filed subsequently by the appellant was required to be filed to proceed with the matter on administrative side. Appellant had all H along been contending that despite such order, the amount in question had

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TRIVENLCHEMICALS LTD. v. U.0.l. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 1203

not been refunded. It was, therefore, obligatory on the part of the concerned A authorities to comply with the order passed by the Collector. The authorities were bound to do so in view of the doctrine of judicial discipline. The same having not been done, in our opinion, the plea' sought to be raised now that it was for the appellant to prove that the burden of the duty had not been passed to the customers cannot be accepted.

Section I I 8 was inserted with retrospective effect.

However, the retrospective effect and retroactive operation given to the said provision confined only to cases where the applications for refund were pending. The said provision did not apply to a case where the proceeding had come to an

end before coming into force of the said amending provision.

Reliance placed by the learned Additional Solicitor General upon a decision in Ma/at/al Industries Ltd and Ors. v. Union of India and Ors. [I997] 5 SCC 536, in our opinion, is misplaced. Therein this Court categorically held that the provision of Section I I 8 as amended in the year 1991 would not apply to a case where proceeding for refund had come to an end. B.P. Jeevan D Reddy, J. speaking for the majority, observed :

"(xi) Section 11-B applies to all pending proceedings notwithstanding the fact that the duty may have been refunded to the petitioner/ plaintiff pending the proceedings or under the orders of the Court/ Tribunal/Authority or otherwise. It must be held that Union of India E

v. Jain Spinners and Union of India v. /. T.C. [I 993] Suppl. 4 S.C.C. 326, have been correctly decided. It is, of course, obvious that where the refund proceedings have finally terminated - in the sense that the appeal _period has also expired - b.efore the commencement Qf the 199 I (Amendment) Act (September 19, 199I), they cannot be re-opened F and/or governed by Section 11-8(3) (as amended by the 1991 (Amendment) Act). This, however, does not mean that the power of the appellate authorities to. condone delay in appropriate cases is affected in any manner by this clarification made by us."

K.S. Paripooman, J. in his separate judgment observed :

" ... Sections 118(2) and (3) cannot be made applicable to refunds already ordered by the court or the refund ordered by the statutory authorities, which have become final. It follows from a plain reading

of Section 118, Clauses (1) (2) and (3) of the Act. The provisions contemplate the pendency of the application on the date of the coming H

into force of the Amendment Act or the filing of an application which is contemplated under law, to obtain a refund, after the Amendment Act comes into force. I am of the opinion, that if the said provisions are held applicable, even to matters concluded by the judgments or final orders of courts, it amounts to stating that the decision of the court shall not be binding and will result in reversing or nullifying the decision made in exercise of the judicial power. The legislature does not possess such power. The court's decision must always bind parties unless the condition on which it is passed are so fundamentally altered that the decision could not have been given in the altered circumstances. It is not so herein. Shri Prithvi Cotton Mills Ltd and Anr. v. Broach Borough Municipality and Ors. and Madan Mohan Pathak v. Union of India and Ors. etc.

S.C. Sen, J. who delivered the minority opinion, observed

"I shall now examine the other provisions of the newly added D sections. Sub-section (I) of Section 118 requires an application for refund to be made. Sub-section (2) requires the Assistant Commissioner to pass an order of refund provided the conditions set out therein are fulfilled. Sub-section (3) merely lays down that no refund shall be made except as provided in Sub-section (2); There is a non obstante

clause that this will operate notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any judgment, decree, order etc. It is obvious that new provisions will apply in cases where applications for refund were made before the new provisions came into force and also subsequently.

Sub-section (3) has no retrospective effect. When a case has been finally heard and disposed of and no application for refund need be made, Sub-section (3) cannot apply. If there is a judgment, decree or order which has to be carried out, the Legislature cannot take away the force and effect o~ that judgment, decree or order, except by amending the law retrospectively on the basis of which the judgment was pronounced."

We are not oblivious of the fact that this Court therein also dealt with the applicability of the provisions of Section 72 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872, but then such a contention was specifically required to be raised. If the same had not been raised, the Revenue at a later point of time could not be permitted to raise the said plea.

Strong reliance has been placed on Commissioner of Central Excise,

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TRIVENICHEMICALS LTD. v. U.0.1. [S.B. SINHA, J.] 1205

Mumbai-II v. Allied Photographies India ltd. (2004] 4 SCC 34. Therein, the A question which arose for consideration was as to whether despite a concession made by the assessee that it had passed on the burden to its sole distributor, the provision of Section 11 B of the Act was attracted or not. The distributor moved an application on I 1.02. I 997 for refund under Section 11 B of the Act.

It was in the aforementioned fact situation, this Court held that the burden to prove that the incidence of duty was not passed on the applicant seeking refund. The said decision cannot be said to have any application in the instant case.

For the reasons aforementioned, we are of the opinion that the High Court was not correct in opining that the appellant was bound to prove that C the incidence of duty was not passed on to its customers. The impugned judgment is set aside. The appeal is allowed with costs.

Counsel' fee assessed at. Rs.10,000/-.

K.K.T.

Appeal allowed.