SHRI BIMAL N. DESAI

STATE OF KARNATAKA AND ORS.

APRIL 25, 2003

[SHIVARAJ V. PATIL AND ARIJIT PASAYAT, JJ.]

Environmental law:

The Karna/aka Government Parks (Preservation) Act, 1975:

Ss. 3 and 4(2)-Notification dated 27.9. 1983, notifying the area of Cubbo11 Park-Another Notification dated 30. 7. I 998 excluding certain area

of Cubbon Park for purposes of Government construction-Validity of-Held, judgment of High Court declining to stop proposed construction, not inte1fered with-However, question whether neither s.3 of the Act nor s.21 of General D Clauses Act can be pressed into service for deleting land and building once notified as prescribed area, left open-General Clauses Act, 1897-s.2 /- Constitl'tion of India-Article 21.

The Legislature of Karnataka, in order to ensure preservation of certain E Government parks in the State, enacted the Karnataka Government Parks (Preservation Act) 1975 and restrained alienation of lands or buildings within the limits of such parks. By notification dated 27.9.1983 issued under the Act, the buildings of High Court, Vidhan Sabha, Legislators' Home, Raj Bhawan, Tennis Stadium etc. with surrounding areas which included the Cubbon Park, were brought within the purview of the Act Subsequently, by F another notification dated 30. 7 .1998 issued in exercise of power under subsections (I) and (2) of s.3 of the Act, certain portion of the Cubbon_ Park covered under the notification dated 27.9.1983 was excluded for construction of a water reservoir and an additional block within the premises of Legislators' Home.

Writ petitions in public interest were filed before the High Court challenging the notification dated 30.7.1998 as arbitrary and in disregard of the environmental need of the city and liable to be struck down being violative

of Article 21 of the Constitution. It was contended that having notified the limits of the Cubbon Park, the Government had no power to exclude any portion H 913

A of the area either under s.3 of the Act or under s.21 of the General Clauses Act. Directions were sought to preserve and maintain the Cubbon Park to the full extent as specified in Notification dated 27.9.1983 and not to allow any structure within the notified area of the park. The stand of the Government before the High Court was that the proposed constructions were inevitable B and exclusion of the land from the notified area constituted only 3-4 per cent of it and that there would be no further coverage of open area for any purpose.

The High Court upheld the validity of the Notification dated 30.7.1998 and declined to stop the proposed constructions. Aggrieved, the writ petitioner filed the present appeal. c Disposing of the appeal, the Court

HELD: I. It is clear from sub-section (2) of s.4 of the Karnataka Government Parks (Preservation) Act,1975 that there is an injunction restraining alienation of land or building within the parks and issuing licence for the use of any such land in contravention of the said Section. It is also D made clear that any alienation made or licence granted in contravention of the said Section shall be null and void. However, in the facts and circumstances of the case, the judgment passed by the High Court declining to stop the proposed construction is not disturbed. 1918-CI

2. Under the given fact and circumstances of the case, it would be E appropriate to keep the following questions of law open:

Whether the diminution of the area notified as an area within the limits of the Park is violative of any of the provisions of the Act or any other statutory or constitutional provisions; whether neither Section 3 of the Act nor Section 21 of the General Clauses Act can be pressed into service for deleting the land and building once notified to defeat the very purpose and object of the Act of preserving open space and whether issuing of notification to diminish the preserved area will be ultra vires of the provisions of the Act when the laudable object of the Act is to preserve parks in open spaces to create and G maintain healthy and eco friendly atmosphere.1918-D-FI

CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION: Civil Appeal No. 3714 of2003.

From the Judgment and Order dated 13.8.2001 of the Karnataka High Court in W.P. 19541of1999.

M.G. Mumar, Mrs. Rajani K. Prasad for Tara Chandra Sharma, for the

Appellant.

San jay R. Hegde, Satya Mitra, Anil K. Mishra and K.R. Nagaraja, for the Respondents.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

SHIV ARAJ V. PATIL J. Leave granted.

The appellant in this appeal has questioned the validity and correctness of the order dated 13.8.2001 passed by the High Court of Karnataka in Writ

Petition No. 19541of1999.

Few writ petitions were filed purporting to serve public inter\!St. The High Court disposed of those writ petitions by the common order. One of the writ petitions No. 19541 of 1999 had been filed by the appellant. The Notification dated 30.7.1998 issued in exercise of power under sub-sect\ons (!)and (2) of Section 3 of the Karnataka Government Parks (Preservation) Act, 1975 (for brevity 'the Act') was under challenge in the said writ petitions; directions also had been sought for to preserve and maintain Cubbon Park to the full extent as specified in the Notification dated 27.9.1983 and not to allow any structures adjoining Legislators' Home and LRDE ( a Central Govt. organization). The Act is a short one containing 4 Sections.Relevant Section

for the purpose having bearing on the controversy is Section 3 wliich reads:- E

"Section 3. Application of the Act

(1) This Act shall apply to all the lands and buildings within the limits of such parks belonging to the State Government as the State Government may, from time to time, by notification in the F official Gazette, specify;

(2) The notification referred to in sub-section (I) shall specify as nearly as possible,

the situation and limits of such park."

The laudable object of the Act was obviously to preserve parks in open G spaces to create and maintain healthy and eco-friendly atmosphere in addition to providing recreational facilities to the public. A Notification dated 27.9.1983 had been issued under the Act in modification of the earlier Govt. Notification dated 13.9.1975. In the said Notification of 1983, the buildings such as High Court; Vidhan Soudha, Legislators' Home, Raj Bhawan, Tennis Stadium, LRDE H

A Campus etc. with surrounding areas were included. The famous "Cubbon

Park" comes within the said area. The said park is a very old park which has been .developed as horticultural landscape and garden. There was no dispute between the parties that the object of the Act is not to touch or affect the existing buildings or structures and to preserve open space around these B important buildings. The question that came up for consideration in the writ petitions before the High Court was whether the diminution of the area notified in 1983 by virtue of the impugned Notification of 1998 was violative of the provisions of the Act or any other statutory or constitutional provisions such as Article 21 of the Constitution. From the Notification of 1998, it was clear that it was intended to facilitate two important constructions, namely (i) C Annexe building to the Legislators' Home and (ii) construction of ground level reservoir in NRDE premises for facilitating supply of water. It is stated that an extent of about half an acre is needed for construction of additional block within the premises of Legislators' Home and an area of 1.75 acres is required for the water reservoir. If these constructions are to be taken up, 30 D Ashoka trees and 15 old trees are required to be removed. In the counter affidavit, it is specifically stated that in view of the trees to be cut and removed, more number of trees will be planted in and around the place and even after construction of ground level water reservoir, the park area will be developed and nourished. In the Statement of Objections and in the course of the arguments advanced by the learned Advocate General before the High E Court, it is pointed out that these constructions are inevitable and needed.

It was further pointed out that the exclusion of the area from the notified area constitutes only 3 to 4 per cent of the total area notified earlier and that there would be no further coverage of open area for any purpose. It was also submitted by the learned Advocate General that the State Govt. was conscious F of preserving and developing the Cubbon Park, leaving intact as much open as possible.

On behalf of the writ pet111oners, it was urged that the impugned Notification offended the provisions of the Act; Govt. having notified the limits of the Cubbon Park, factually recognizing existence of such park, had G no power to exclude any portion of the area; neither under Section 3 of the Act nor under Section 21 of the General Clauses Act, any area could be deleted once it had been notified; exclusion of such area is detrimental to the healthy environment and results in reduction of the park area; the decision of the State Govt. in issuing the impugned notification was arbitrary and was in disregard to the environmental needs of the city. The submission was that H the impugned Notification was liable to be struck down on the ground that

it violated Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution and that the proposed A constructions should not be permitted.

The learned counsel appearing for the respective parties before us in their arguments reiterated the above submissions that were made before the High Court.

B As is evident from the impugned judgment, the High Court after considering the submissions made on behalf of the parties referring to the various decisions of this Court cited and having due regard to the facts and circumstances of the case, taking a holistic and pragmatic view, declined to quash the impugned Notification. The High Court upheld the validity of the same and refused to stop the proposed two constructions. However, sharing C apprehensions expressed on behalf of the writ petitioners that there could be further notifications deleting some more areas and resorting to constructions over such areas reducing the Cubbon Park area, directed that no further constructions other than the two mentioned above shall be made covering the open area within the limits of the Park specified in the impugned Notification D without obtaining the clearance from the High Court for proceeding with the fresh constructions.

It is clear from the Statement of Objects and Reasons of the Act that it was enacted with a view to preserve and maintain certain Government parks in the State of Karnataka as horticultural gardens and to improve their utility E as such parks. It is proposed to prohibit alienation of any portion of land or building with such parks. The Preamble of the Act reads:-

"An Act to make provision to ensure the preservation of certain government parks in the State of Karnataka.

Whereas it is expedient in public interest to preserve certain parks vested in the State Government in the State of Karnataka.

Be it enacted by the Karnataka State Legislature in the Twentysixth Year of the Republic of India as follows."

The title of the Act is "The Karnataka Government Parks (Preservation) Act, 1975". Under Section 4 of the Act, it shall be the duty of the State Government to preserve and maintain as horticultural gardens the parks to which this Act is applicable and to take such action as may be necessary to improve the utility of such parks as such gardens. Sub-section (2) of Section

4 reads:- H

"(2) No land or building within the parks to which this Act is applicable

shall be alienated by way of sale, lease, gift, exch.ange, mortgage or otherwise or no licence for the use of any such land or building shall be granted and any alienation made or licence granted in contravention of this section shall be null and void:

Provided that the restriction under this sub-section to lease shall not apply in the case of buildings existing on the date of coming into force of this Act."

It is clear from sub-section (2) extracted above that there is an injunction restraining alienation of land or building within the parks and issuing licence C for the use of any such land for use in contravention of the said Section. It

is also made clear that any alienation made or licence granted in contravention of the said Section shall be nu II and void.

In view of these clear statutory provisions made in the Act itself, we find some force in the submissions advanced on behalf of the appellant.

D Under the circumstances, although we are not inclined to disturb the impugned judgment and order, i, n the given facts and circumstances of the case, we think it is appropriate to keep the questions of law open.

Whether the diminution of the area notified as an area within the limits E of the Park is violative of any of the provisions of the Act or any other statutory or constitutional provisions; whether neither Section 3 of the Act nor Section 21 of the General Clauses Act can be pressed into service for deleting the land and building once notified to defeat the very purpose and object of the Act of preserving open space and whether issuing of notification to diminish the preserved area will be ultra vires of the provisions of the Act F when the laudable object of the Act is to preserve parks in open spaces to create and maintain healthy and eco-friendly atmosphere, in our view, require to be left open. We have reservations in accepting the views of the High Court expressed in this regard in the impugned judgment. Since we are not inclined to interfere with the impugned judgment and order of the High Court, G we do not propose to examine these questions in this appeal any further.

In the result, for the reasons stated above, while declining to interfere with the impugned judgment and order, we leave the questions of law open to be decided as and when occasion arises in future. The appeal is disposed of accordingly in the above terms. No costs.

H R.P.

Appeal disposed of.

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