A.S. NARAYANA DEEKSHITULU ETC.

STATE OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND ORS.

MAY 9, 1997

[K. RAMASWAMY AND D.P. WADHWA, JJ.]

Andhra Pradesh Chmitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments Act, 1987: Section 142.

C Hindu law--Thirumala Tirupati Devasthanams-Venkateswara- Swamy (Balaji Temple}-Archakas and other office bearers-Abolition of hereditmy 1ights--Direction by Supreme Court for constitution of a Committee-Detennination of payment of salmy to the holders of the office on hereditary basis prior to abolition of hereditmy rights-Report submitted by Committee to Govemment-Recommendations accepted by Govemment D with and without modifications-Approval of recommendations by Supreme Cowt.

While upholding the constitutional validity* of Chapter IV of the Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endow E ments Act, 1987 this Court gave a direction to constitute a Committee to determine the payment of salary to the holders of the office on hereditary basis prior to the abolition thereof. As per the directions of this Court the Committee submitted its report to the Government which considered the Committee's recommendations and along with its comments and sugges

F tions submitted the same to this Court for further approval.

Disposing the petitions, this Court

HELD : 1. The fixation of the scales of pay and payment of honorarium are customary honours provided under the Act. The recom G mendations as accepted by the Government, with or without modifications, are approved. [340-B]

2. The Committee has recommended the rationalisation of the pay scales and payment of honorarium to the Archakas, Poto workers and other religious staff, Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Sri China Jeeyangar relat- H ing to ITD. This recommendation has been accepted subject to allowing

A.S.N. DEEKSHITULUv. STATE 329

full freedom to revise the cadre strenth emoluments, incentives etc., to be A offered to its religious staff depending on the exigency of work, administra tive convenience etc. The scles of pay and payment of honorarium would be determined as accepted by the Government. [332-C-E]

3. The Committee has recommended to the Government to examine the provisions of Section 142 regarding the honours to be extended as per B the customs and usages to the Archakas, Pedda Jeeyangar, China Jeeyan gar, Acharyapurushas, Ekangies, Adhypakas and others. They have been designated by the Committee as erstwhile mirasidars etc. doing kainkaryamas of sevas in the temples. The Government has rightly accepted the recommendation. [335AB] C

4. The Committee has recommended four categories of Archakas, viz. Pradhana Archakas, Upa-pradhana Archakas, Mukhya Archakas and Archakas in the temples under the control of TTD, in the time-scale attached to the Deputy Executive Officer, Assistant Executive Officer, Superintendent and Senior Assistant in the Devasthanams. The hereditary D Archakas have been designated in the first category and rest of them have been treated as based upon the length of service and seniority etc. The fixation of the scales of pay and the classification of Archakas into four categories is perfectly valid. [335-C; HJ E

5. The Committee has recommended three categories, out of four, of gamekars whose designations find place in the acceptance of the recom mendations and, therefore, their enumeration as Poto Supervisor, Poto worker (Senior) and Poto Worker (Junior) in the time scale of pay respectively of the secular staff is identical to their designations and the status they enjoyed in the service under the TTD. The recommendation F and acceptance thereof subject to the limitations prescribed by the Govern ment is approved. [336-D; El

6. The Committee's recommendation regarding determination of cadre strength and grant of scale of pay to other workers has also been G accepted by the Government subject to the limitations prescribed. The same stands approved. [337-B]

7. The recommendation of the Committee relating to appointment of Ekangies and Adhyapakas as per the custom and usage, by Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and putting them under the control of Sri Pedda Jeeyangar, as H

A being done presently, has been accepted by the Government with specific conditions. The same is quite reasonable. [337-F-G]

8. The Committee has recommended payment of honorarium of Rs. 10 lakhs per annum to Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Rs. 5 lacs per annum to Sri Chinna Jeeyangar for meeting the expenditure connected with Kainkaryams being performed by them including remuneration payable to the Ekangies and Adhyapakas as may be fixed by them. Since they have been provided with adequate funds, it is open to the Pedda Jeeyangar to appoint such number of staff etc. as recommended by the Committee and accepted by the Government. This recommendation has been accepted by C the Government subject to notification as regards honorarium. Thus the Government itself has given liberty to the Board subject to the approval of the Government to grant such honorarium as is given by the TID to Pedda Jeeyangar. [337-H; 338-A-B]

9. The Committee has recommended that apart from the D honorarium the Management may examine the desirability of providing or extending honours to Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Sri Chinna Jeeyangar without prejudice to the provisions laid down under Section 142 of the Endowments Act and also to take steps for suggesting necessary amendments to the Act and Rules as they are the Head of the Mutt doing E Kainkaryams in the temples. This recommendation has been accepted by the Government unconditionally and the same is approved. [338-C-D]

10. The Committee has recommended that in future whenever there is necessity for creating additional post/cadre for Archakas, Potu workers etc. taking into account the due importance to be given to the traditions F of the temple and also the administration of the temple, the Thirumala Tirupati Devasthanams administration would be free and. to take ap propriate action as a measure of flexibility. However, the Additional Commissioner of Endowments and Joint Secretary/Deputy Secretary to Government (Endowments) shall act as members of the Committee con G stituted by Executive Officer, TIDs for such revision/creation of posts. The present system of obtaining Government's clearance for creation of the posts is to be continued, as accepted by the Government. The same should be made applicable with regard to the religious staff as well. [338-E-G]

11. The Committee has recommended that as and when the present H incumbent in the religious staff retires or demits the office or otherwise,

AS.N. DEEKSHITULUv. STATE[K.RAMASWAMY, J.] 331

the person in their family should be considered on priority basis for filling A of that post or allowing him to do the service to preserve the custom and usage taking into consideration the suitability in rendering services apart from the qualifications required. The Government has accepted the recom mendation subject to all other things being equal in competitive require ment. It is accordingly approved. [338-H; 339-A-B] B

12. Pre-emptory notice has been given to all the Archakas and Mirasidars directing them to join the services. However, some of them have not responded so far. One month's time from the date of judgment is granted to them to enable them to join, as the last chance, the seces if they so desire. In case they do not join within the said time, they will C forfeit their entitlement and no benefit, except the customary honours protected under the Act would be given to them. [339-D-E]

* A.S. Narayana Deekshitulu v. State of A.P. & Ors., [1996] 9 SCC 548; referred to.

CIVIL ORIGINAL JURISDICTION: Writ Petition (C) No. 638 Of 1987 Etc. Etc.

D.D. Thakur, P.P. Rao, Hardev Singh, Dr. Gauri Shankar, C.

Mukund, T.V. Ratnam,' B. Kanta Rao, K. Ram Kumar, C. E Balasubramaniam, Mrs. Asha Nair, V. Balaji, N. Ganapathy, A.T.M. Sampath, Ms. Madhu Moolchandani, S. Markandeya, Mrs. Chitra Markandeya, Ms. Meenakshi Aggarwa~ A. Subba Rao, A.D.N. RAo, V. Balachandran, Jain Hansaria & Co., P.N. Ramalingam, B. Parthasarathy, Y.P. Rao, Ms.

Sadhna Ramachandran, Mrs. B. Sunita Rao and Ms. H. Wahi, for the F appearing parties.

The Judgment of the Court was delivered by :

K. RAMASWAMY, J. Validity of Chapter IV of the Andhra Pradesh Charitable and Hindu Religious Institutions and Endowments Act, 1987 G (for Short, the 'Act') was assailed on the anvil of the constitutional rights enshrined under Articles 25 and 26 of the Constitution. This Court inA.S.

Narayana Deekshitu/u v. State of A.P. & Ors., [1996] 9 SCC 548, has upheld the constitutionality thereof. However, along with other matters, direction was given to constitute a committee with the named officers to determine H

332 SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1997] SUPP. lS.C.R.

A the payment of salary to the holders of the office on hereditary basis prior to the abolition thereof. Consequently, the Committee came to be constituted to go into the questions and it submitted its report to the Government, as per the direction of this Court, and the Government was required to consider the recommendations and in turn submit its report to this Court B for further approval. Thus, the recommendations along with Government's comments/modalities suggested thereto, have been placed before us. We now proceed to dispose of the Applications/Petitions.

The Committee has recommended the rationalisation of the payscales and payment of honorarium to the Archakas, Potu Workers and C others religious staff, Sri Pedda J eeyangar and Sri China J eeyangar relating to ITO. The Government's comment thereon is as under:

"The recommendation of the committee is accepted subject to allowing full freedom to revise the cadre strength, emoluments, incentives etc., to be offered to its religious staff depending on the exigency of work, administrative convenience etc."

It is seen that Chapter XIV is a complete code in that behalf and, therefore, the scales of pay and payment of honorarium to the Archakas, Potu Workers, Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Sri China .Jeeyangar would be E determined as accepted by the Government. In this behalf, the following scales of pay have been given to the Archakas, Potu workers and other officer holders:

SI. No.

Pay scales of Archakas etc. of TTD as approved by the State Government

Designation Pay Scale

Pradhana Archaka Rs. 4400-160-5200-190-6150-230- 7300-280-8700

Upa Pradhana Rs. 3310-110-3750-130-440-150- Archaka 5200-190-6150-230-6840

Mukhya Archaka Rs. 3110-90-3200-110-3750-130- 4400-160-5200-190-6150-230-6380

Archaka Rs. 2375-75-2750-90-3200-110- 3750-130-4400-160-5040

Potu Supervisor Rs. 3110-90-3200-110-3750-130- A

4400-160-5200-190-6150-230-6380

Potu Worker Rs. 1745-40-1825-50-2075-60- (Senior) 2375-75-2750-90-3200-110-3420

Potu Worker (Junior) Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50- 2075-60-2375-75-2750-90-3020 B

Cleaner Rs. 1375-25-14 75-30-1625-40- 1825-50-2075-60-2375 -

SL No.

Designation Honorarium c 1.

Tholppachar Rs. 7,500 per annum

Siddanti Rs. 5,000 per annum

Kotikanyakamdar Rs. 1,116 per annum

Acharya Purusha Rs. 5,000 per annum ( 4 families) per family D

Ratham Rs. 1,116 per each Ratham Festival ( 6 families) Per each family

Thiruchoornalu Rs. 9,000 in lumpsum per annum to all persons p_erforming this service E 7.

Dolu Rs. 9,000 in lumpsum per annum to all presons performing this service

Sanna Dolu Rs. 9,000 in lumpsum per annum to all presons performing this service

Divity Rs. 9,000 in lumpsum per annum to F

all presons performing this service

10.

Flower Tier Rs. 9,000 in lumpsum per annum to all presons performing this service

SL No.

Designation Pay scale or Honorarium G

Pedda Jeeyangar Honorarium per year subject to revision to be fixed.

Chinna Jeeyangar Honorarium per year subject to revision to be fixed.

A 3.

Sama Vadyar Rs. 1745-40-1825-50-2075-60-2375- 75-2750-90-3200-110-3420

Purohitham Rs. 2375-75-2750-90-3200-110-3750- 130-4400-160-5040

Y amunotharai Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- B 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020 . 6.

Bhashyakarulu Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

Golla Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020 c 8.

Thallapakam Rs. 2375-75-2750-90-3200-110-3750- 130-4400-160-5040

Theethavasi Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

D 10.

Bokkasamdar Rs. 2375-75-2750-90-3200-110-3750- 130-4400-160-5040 - 11.

Utharaparapathya Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075dar 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

12.

Kaikalanirvahaka Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- E 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

13.

Ramaswami Pasika Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

14.

Po tu Store Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- Assistant 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020 F 15.

Maniamdar Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

16.

Paricharaka Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

17.

Tulasi Brahmin Rs. 1595-30-1625-40-1825-50-2075- G 60-2375-75-2750-90-3020

18.

Divity Man Rs. 1375-25-1475-30-1625-40-1825- 50-2075-60-2375

19.

Sweeper Rs. 1375-25-1475-30-1625-40-1825-

H 50-2075-60-2375

'•·

The Committee has recommended to the Government to examine A the provisions of Section 142 regarding the honours to be extended as per the customs and usage to the Archakas, Pedda, Jeeyangar, China Jeeyangar, Acharyapurushas, Ekangies, Adhyapakas and others. Those persons have been designated by the Committee as erstwhile mirasidaras etc. doing kainkaryams or sevas in the temples apart from giving remuneration or B honorarium as recommended in the Committee's report. The Government has accepted the recommendation and, according to us, rightly.

The Committee has further recommended four categories of Archakas, viz., Pn.dhana Archakas, Upa-Pradhana Archakas, Mukhya Archakas and Archakas in the temples under the control of TTD, in the C time-scale attached to the Deputy Executive Officer, Assistant Executive Officer, Superintendent and Senior Assistant in the Devasthanams. The Government has accepted the said recommendation subject to 'provision contained in decision No.1', viz., Government's decision in the first paragraph of the recommendations which we have approved hereinabove.

D .

In this behalf, Shri Thakur, their learned senior counsel, contended that the erstwhile Mirasidars held the positions in religious dignity. They cannot be classified and brought on par with the secular staff enumerated hereinbefore. It is an affront to their religious status. The erstwhile office E holders appear to have misunderstood its scope. Their classification as equivalents of secular staff is only for the purpose of identifying the status and scales of pay but not with any other intention to degenerate them.

Whatever customary honours they have held prior to abolition, stood protected by Section 142 of the Act constitutionality of which has already F been upheld by this Court subject to the observance of and meeting out customary honours to them. In this behalf, it is not necessary to separately reiterate the undertaking given by Shri P.P. Rao, which was made part of the judgment and assured under Section 142 of the Act.

Shri Thakur further contended that the classification of Archakas G into four categories is without any basis and is arbitrary. We find no force in the contention. It is stated in that behalf by Shri P.P. Rao, learned senior counsel appearing for the State Government and the TTD that the hereditary Archakas have been designated in the first category and rest of them have been treated as based upon the length of service and seniority H

A etc. We find that the classification made by the Committee and accepted by the Government is accordingly valid. It is then contended that the fixation of the scales of pay being without any basis, is arbitrary. We directed Shri Rao to place before us the Committee report and material on, the basis of which the Committee made the recommendations. On B perusal thereof, we find that the fixation of the scales of pay and the classification of Archakas into four categories is perfectly valid and merits no further consideration. It is accordingly upheld. He further contended that distribution of Laddoos is inconsistent with the customary entitlement Mirasidars had prior to abolition and that, therefore, the absence of recommendation and consideration by the Government is bad in law. We C find no force in the contention. Section 144 deals in that behalf with all the situations and as constitutionality thereof has already been upheld, they are not entitled to any distribution of Laddoos except as is provided in the provisions of the Act.

D The Committee has recommended three categories, out of four, of gamekars whose designations find place in the acceptance of the ecom mendations which were already enumerated and, therefore, their enumeration as Potu Supervisor, Potu worker (Senior) and Potu worker (Junior) in the time scale of pay respectively of the secular staff is identical to their E designations and the status they enjoyed in the service under the TTD. We find that the recommendation and acceptance thereof subject to para No.l is valid. It is accordingly approved.

The next recommendation is that the persons possessing 8 years of F service and more are to be given Potu worker (Senior scale); persons with 8 years and below of service are to be designated as Potu worker (Junior scale). Since the Government has already accepted the pay-scales and we have upheld the same, no further separate consideration is needed in that behalf. It is accordingly approved.

G It is further recommended that incentives which are being given to Potu workers should be continued but beyond preparation of 25,000 Laddoos so as to enable the Potu workers to prepare maximum number of Laddoos to meet the demand. This recommendation has been H accepted by the Government unconditionally. We approve of the same.

:.:.:~

AS.N. DEEKSHITULUv. STATE[K.RAMASWAMY, J.) 337

The Committee has further recommended determination of cadre A strength and grant of scale of pay to other workers, viz., Samaveda Vaidyar, Purohitham, Y amunotharai, Bhashyakarlu, Golla, Tallapaka, Theerthavasi, Bokkasamdar, Uttaraparupathyadar, Ramaswami Pasika, Maniamdar, Potu Store Assistant, Thulasi- Brahmin, Paricharakas, Divitymen, Thiruchoornalu, Dolu, Sanna Dolu and Flower tiers etc. This recommen- B dation has also been accepted by the Government subject to the limitations prescribed in para No.1 of the recommendations referred to hereinbelow and has already been upheld by this Court. Therefore, the same stands approved.

Next recommendation of the Committee is determination of cadre C strength and payment of honorarium to certain other office holders, viz., Thollappachar, Sidhanthi, Kotikanyakadanamdar, Acharya Purusha and Radham while treating these posts as unique posts for the reason of performing the service of Kainkaryams occasionally. The Government has accepted the said recommendation unconditionally and we approve of the D same.

The Committee has further recommended that the Kainkaryams performed by Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Sri China Jeeyangar should be treated as one performed by the institutions consisting of Sri Pedda J eeyan- E gar and Sri Chinna Jeeyangar, Ekangies and Adhyapakas. This is accepted by the Government in toto and we find it reasonable to uphold the same.

Next recommendation of the Committee relating to appointment of Ekangies and Adhyapakas as per the custom and usage, by Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and putting them under the control of Sri Pedda Jeeyangar, as being done presently, has been accepted by the Government with specific conditions. Government is of the view that all appointees of Pedda J eeyangar should be paid by him alone with the honorarium to be given to him

by TTD. It is seen that the honorarium on annual basis is being provided to Pedda Jeeyangar and Chinna Jeeyangar and we fmd that the same is G quite reasonable.

It is next recommended that payment of honorarium of Rs. 10 Iakhs per annum to Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Rs. 5 lacs per annum to Sri Chinna Jeeyangar for meeting the expenditure connected with Kainkaryams being H

A performed by them including remuneration payable to the Ekangies and Adhyapakas as may be fixed by them. Since they have been provided with ·· adequate funds, it is open to the Pedda Jeeyangar to appoint such number of staff etc. as recommended by the Committee and accepted by the Government. This recommendation has been accepted by the Government B subject to notification as regards honorarium. It would thus be seen that the Government itself has given liberty to the Board subject to the approval of the Government to grant such honorarium as is given by the TTD to Pedda Jeeyangar.

The Committee has further recommended that apart from the C honorarium the Management may examine the desirability of providing or extending honours to Sri Pedda Jeeyangar and Sri Chinna Jeeyangar without prejudice to the Provisions laid down under Section 142 of the Endowments Act and also to take steps for suggesting necessary amendments to the Act and Rules as they are the Head of the Mutt doing D Kainkaryams in the temples. This recommendation has been accepted by the Government unconditionally and we approve of the same.

It is further recommended that "in future whenever there is necessity for creating additional post/cadre for Archakas, Potu workers etc. taking E into account the due importance to be given to the traditions of the temple and also the administration of the temple, the Thirumala Tirupati Devasthanams administration would be free and to take appropriate action as a measure of .flexibility. However, the Additional Commissioner of Endowments and Joint Secretary/Deputy Secretary to Government (Endowments)

shall act as members of the committee constituted by Executive Officer, TTDs for such revision/creation of posts." The present system of obtaining Government's clearance for creation of the posts is to be continued, as accepted by the Government. The Act itself in Chapter IV envisages the control by the Government in creation of posts etc. The same should be made applicable with. regard to the religious staff as well.

The Committee further recommends that "as and when the present incumbent in the religious staff retires or demits the office or otherwise, the person in their family should be considered on priority basis for filling of that post or allowing him to do the service to preserve the custom and H usage taking into consideration suitability in rendering services apart from

the qualifications required." The Government has accepted the recommen- A

• dation subject to all other things being equal in competitive recruitment.

However, the main concern should be to preserve the customs and usage with a view to protect the sanctity of the religious rituals. The Government itself has been taking care to preserve the sanctity of the religious rituals.

Nothing more needs to be said in this behalf. It is accordingly approved.

The Committee has further recommended that the honorarium proposed in respect of the posts like Sri Pedda Jeeyangar, Sri Chinna J eeyangar etc. is subject to revision by the TTD authorities for every five years. The Goyernment has settled that there is no need to prescribe a specific period. Enabling power shall vest with the TTDs and Government C shall have review and revisional powers as and when needed. We think that the acceptance by the Government with the above modality is perfectly correct and is warranted in the circumstances.

It is reported that pre-emptory notice has been given to all the D Archakas and Mirasidars on February 6, 1997 directing them to join the services. However, some of them have not responded so far. One months, time from today is granted to them to enable them to join, as the last . chance, the services if they so desire. ln case they do not join within the said time, they will forfeit their entitlement and no benefit, except the customary honours protected under the act and given to them. It is brought E to our notice that some Archakas rendering service in the temple, interim payment after the judgment, fixed at Rs. 1500 'pr month, is being given as Sambhavana and Rs. 300 per month as boarding allowance. As regards those working as Gamekars, equally, final notice was given to them on the said date requiring them to join the services but they have also not joined. F It would be open to those who were rendering services prior to the delivery of the impugned judgment, to join service within 30 days from today. In case they do not join, they will not be entitled to any of the benefits except the customary benefits protected under Section 142 of the Act.

It is then stated that Potu workers are being paid, after the judgment, G interim payment between Rs. 50 to Rs. 70 per day depending upon their work wit!i suitable incentive for work and as night allowance. Equally they have been paid wages, for the period from March 1996 to January 1997, to the extent of_ Rs. 20 lacs and incentive to the extent of Rs. 26 lacs, after deducting income tax payable by them. The above payments are subject to H ··-

A approval by the Government. The regular scales of pay now approved be paid from the date of the judgment inA.S. Narayana Deekshitulu case. i.e., May 9, 1997.

Thus, we hold that the fixation of the scales of pay and payment of honorarium are customary honours provided under the Act. The recom- B mendations as accepted by the Government, with or without modifications, are accordingly approved.

!As/Petitions are disposed of accordingly.

T.N.A Petitions disposed of.

y .