SHIV DAYAL SHRIVASTAVA

UNION OF INDIA

February 7, 1984

[S. MURTAZA FAz, L ALI, A. VARADARAJAN AND

RANOANATH MISRA, JJ.]

High Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Act, J9S4-S•. 5 (3) and 9 (I) read with Rule 20B of All India Services (Leave) Rules J9SS-Interpretatlon of.

For calculating cash 'equivalent of leave salary admissible to a Judge under Rule 208, Ss. 5 (3) and 9 (1) of the Act would not apply.

In Union of lndid v. Gurnam Singh [1982] 3 S.C.R. 7c0, this. Court decided that under the High Court Judges (Conditions of Service) Act, 1954 Judges were entitled to cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of the period or earned leave at their credit on the date of retirement' as provided under rule ZOB of the AlJ India Service (Leave) Rules, 1955. The two question which arose for consideration in this pe!ilion under Art. 32 filed by a retired Chief Justice of Madhya Pradesh High Court were (I) whether in view oftbe provisions of s. 5(3) of tho Act, the limit has to be confined to five months equal to 150 days and not 180 days as in Rule 20B ; and (2) whether for calculating the equivalent of leave salary admissible to a Judge the provisions of s. 9 (I) of the Act would apply? . .

Allowing the petition and answering the questioris in he negative.

HBLD : Tho ratio of Gurnam Slngh's case has not been disputed.

It would necessarily mean acceptance of the position that the Act did not make provision for payment of the retirement beriefit contemplated under rule 20B ; otherwise rule 20B could not have been applied. For calculating the benefits under rule 20B, s. S (3) of the A<"t is not not relevant and in case in the leave account maintained nder s. 4 of the Act leave is due1 the benefit under rule 20B has to be worked out subject to the upper limit of 180 days, equal to six months [857 B-C]

 Once it is held that the benefit under rule 20B is not controtied by Chapter II of the Act, the, manner of calculatipn indicated in s. 9 (I) of the Act would also not apply. [857 ll]

Tho pric!ples governing the cash equivalent of leave would apply not

ony to the petitioner but also to Judges who have already retired or who may retue hereafter, from the date from which this -facility was made aVaitable to the members of the Central Services holding therank of Secretary to the

Govornmnt of India or its equivalent. [857 E-G)

, c

SUPREME COURT REPORTS [1984] 2 s.c.R.

ORIGINAL JURISDICTION : Writ Petition No. 8991 of 1983.

(Under Article 32 of the Constitution of India.)

Petitioner in person alongwith Mukul mudgal

K. Parasraµ, Attorney General, K.G. Bhagat Addi. Solicitor General, R.N. Poddar for the Respondent.

The Judgment Of the Court was delivered by

RANGANATH MISRA, J.

Shri Shiv Dayal Shrivastava, the petitioner before us in this application under Article 32 of the Constitution praying for a writ of mandamus to the Union of India, retired as Chief Justice of the Madhya Pradesh High Court with effect from February 28, 1978.

At the time of retirement he was drawing salary of Rs. 4,000 per month as provided under Constitution. This Court in the case of Union of India v. Gurnam Singh('> decided that under the High Court Judges (Conditions of Service)

' Act; 1954 ('Act' for short), Judges were entitled to cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of the period of earned leave at their credit on the date of retirement as provided in Rule 20B of the All India Services (Leave) Rules, 1955 ('Leave Rules' for short). The Accountant General of Madhya Pradesh authorised-the petitioner to draw cash equivalent of leave salary amounting to Rs. 15,240 by his communication dated July 17, 1982. The peti_tioner informed the Accountant General that he was drawing the amount as indicated in the communication without prejudice to his . right to claim ]ls: 24,000 to which sum under the law he was entitled.

On July 19, 1982, the petitioner was authorised to draw a further sum of Rs. 750 thus in all Rs. 15;990 only. On February 2, 1983, the Union of India in the Ministry of Law, Justice & Company Affairs indicated to the several authorities including the Registrars of all the High Courts that while in view of the decision of this Court referred to above, the Central Government were advised that Judges of the High Courts were entitled to payment of cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of the period of earned leave at their credit,

the expression 'earned leave' does not occur in the Act. On the analogy of the Leave Rules the cash equivalent of leave salary to be paid would be the cash equivalent of the unutilised leave due on

a · Ol [19821 3 s.e-R. 'oo,

~-·-

full allowances as defined in ss. 3 and 9 (I) of the Act. In making calculations of the cash equivalent of the leave salary the ceiling of five months mentioned in s. 5. (3) of the Act would be applicable.

Relving on the aforesaid letter of the Central Government, the Accountant General of Madhya Pradesh on March 25, 1983, mtimated the. petitioner that he \Vas entitled to payment of cash equivalent of unutilised earned leave subject to the celling of five months; leave and, therefore, he had been paid an excess sum of Rs:' 2,220

w!iich should be refunded. That has led the petitioner to move this Court.

Rule nisi was issued to the Union of India and this Court

directed separate notice to the Attorney-General. A return .bas

C been made to the rule by the Union of India. No dispute has been raiseg to payability of the cash equivalent on the basis of Rule 20B of the Leave Rules. Reliance has been placed.on the provisions of the Act to justify the circular letter of February 18, 1983. Learned Attorney-Gerieral has been heard and he has furnished written submissions also.

The decision of this Court in Gurnam Singh's case has been

-~ accepted by the Union of India and steps have been taken to implement the same. In that case this Court held :

" ... it must be regarded as a provision absorbed by rule 2 of the High Court Judges Rules, 1956, into !lie statutory structure defining the conditions of service of a Judge of a High Court. We may observe that even as a right to receive pension, although accruing on retirement, js a condition of service, so also the right to the payment of the cash equivalent of leave salary for the period of unutilised leave accruing on the date of retirement must be considered as a condttion of service" ..

Two questions require decision, viz., (I) whether in view of

the provisions of s. 5 (3) of the Act, the limit has to be confined to.

G five months equal to 150 days and not 180 days as in Rule 20B; ahd

(2) whether for calculating the equivalent of leave salary admissible to a Judge the provision.s of s. 9 (I) of the Act would apply?

We may now refer to rule 20B of the Leave Rules as also to the two provisions of the Act : ff

SUPREME COURT REPOFTS

(1984] 2 S.C.R

"20B-Payment of cash equivalent of leave salary-The Government shall suo motu sanction to a member of the service who retires from the service under subrule (1) of rule 16 of the All India Services (DeathcumRetirement Benefits) Rules, 1958, having attained the age of 58 years on or after the 30th September, 1977 the cash equivalent of leave salary in respect of the period of earned leave at his credit on the date ef his retirement subject to a maximum of 180 days."

Section 5 (3) of the Act reads :

C "5 (3). Subject to the provisions of sub-section (2) of s. SA, the maximum period of leave which may be granted at one time shall be, in the case of leave'on fulllallowances, five months and in the case of leave with allowances of any kind, sixteen nionths."

D Section 9 (1) provides :

"9 (1). The monthly rate of leave allowances payable to a Judge while on leave on full allowances shall be for the first forty five days of such leave, a rate equal to the monthly rate of his salary, and thereafter two thousand two hundred and twenty rupees.

Provided that where leave on full allowances is granted to a Judge on medical certificate the monthly rate of leave allowances shall, for the first one hundred and twenty days, of such leave, be a rate equal to the monthly rate of his salary."

Chapter II of the Act deals with leave. Section 3 pro_vides the kinds of leave admissible to a Judge. . Section 4 makes provision for a leave account to be maintained. Section 5 deals with aggregate amount of leave which may be granted; Section SA makes provision for commutation of leave on half allowances into leave on full allowances while sections 6, 7 and 8 deal with grant of leave of specific kinds. . These provisions in the Act deal with leave which has to be asked for and taken during the tenure of working as a Judge. Leave necassarily implies authorised absence from duty or employment (see Webster's Third New International Dictionary).

Rule 20B makes provision for payment of <; ash equiva1ent of leave

due under the appropriate provisions but subject to a maximum of 180 days. We have already indicated that the ratio of Gurnam Singh's case has not been disputed. It would necessarily mean acceptance of the position that the Act did not make provision for payment of the retirement benefit contemplated. under rule 20B;

otherwise rule 20B could not have been applied. The scheme in rule 20B is that the payment would be made suo motu and without any application for it.

Leave referred to under the AC! is one which has to be asked for and is i.ntended to meet a different situation.

For calculating the benefits under rule 20B, s. 5 (3) of the Act is not relevant and in case. in the leave account maintained under s. 4 of Act leave is due, the benefit under rule 20B has to be worked out subject to the upper limit of 180 days, equal to six months.. lfhe claim made by the petitioner that he was entitled to the benefit of six months is, therefore, justified subject, of course, to admissibility of leave to the extent of 180 days in the leave account. No dispute was raised before us that as a fact petitioner had to his credit more than 180 days of leave.

Once we hold that the benefit under rule 20B is not controlled by Chapter II of the Act, the manner of calculation indicated in s. 9 (1) of the Act would also apply. The petitioner would thus become entitled to cash equivalent of six months' salary which would work out at Rs. 24,000. As he has been paid a sum of Rs. 15,990 he is entitled to Rs. 8,010. A .writ in the nature. of mandamus be issued to the Union of India to pay him the said amount within one month from today.

Parties are left to bear their own costs before us.

We would like to add that it is manifest that in view of the enunciation of law by us in th's judgment, the principles governing the cash equivalent of leave would apply not only to the petitioner but also to Judg"s who have already retired or who may 'retire hereafter, from the date from which this facility was made available to the members of the Central Services holding the rank of Secretary to the Government of India or its .equivalent.

H.S.K.

Petition allowed.