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• KOSHAL KUMAR GUPfA & ORS.

STATE OF J. & K. AND ORS.

April 6, 1984

[D. A. DESAI, A. p; SEN AND V. BALA, KRIS!lNA BRAD!, JJ.]

Educational Institutions-Admission to Engineering Col!eges-A_dmission to-Viva-Voce tes1-All.1trn~1Jt of 15 marks-Wheiher arbitrary. l;>lalogue between members of_ Selecdon COmmittee and candidate recorded on-tape.

_recorr-Procedu.re_.;.Wheth'er fair a/id reasonable. •

The Third Respoodant-Principal of the College by a public adver' tiscment invited applications for admission to the _ Bac_helor Degree EngineeriOg Course in the Regional Eog-ioeeriog College in fhe State. The candidates seeking admission were requi('ed to appear at a joint entrance examination, thos_e who. qu;1.lified had to appear at a viva-vOce test~ aad the sele.ction was to be based on the combined performance in the written and vivaMvoce-examinatiOn.

The petitjoners who-applied and were admitted to the written test andon being qualified~ were cal

1led for viVa-Vbce test; In their writ petitions they challenged the m1ni:ier, the. method and the number of mar)s:s assigned for the vlva-voce test.

It was conteQded that the rescr .. vation of IS marks for the viva-vOce. test conferred __ arbitrary, unguided and uocannalised power on those conducting the viva-voce tCst and tha.t tbC reservation of JS ma_rks would have th~ pernicious_ tendency of affecting merit disclosed by the marks obtai 1ed at the \vritten examination.

The writ puHtion was contested on behalf of ._respondents l ,2 and 3 by sub:nitting that in order to avoid a1y ch1rge_o~ arbitrariness being levelled against the Selection Committee, 15 marks assi8aed for viva'9'oce test were further split-Up urider four heads, viz. (i) Science-5 marks, (ii).

General Knowledge4 marks, (iii) -Curricular Activilies--3 marks and {i~) Personality tCst-3 marks, and that the Selection Committee prep1red cards on each of which a quest.ion was typed referable fO Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and General K.nowledge and they were kept in 4 different boXes.

Wh_eri the Candidate entere<; l the room for interview, he wa~' requited to pick-up at random one card from eaC:h , of the four boxes, eaCh.box containing 150 cards and answer the question. A tape4

recorder was kept on the table in frontof the members of tho SolMion Committee and the candidaie appearilig for the interview, aad the two 4

way dialogue was recorded in full. Mark• were aHigned undor each head of 1iva-voce test dapendiog UPJJ th;, m'!:rit or th;, anJwer. fheral.fter, .. tho merit list was prepared on the basis of tho total marks obtainod at

40S.

SUPRE$ COURT REPORTS tt984j 3 s.c.R. -1"'

.A t be written and vivaVoce tests.

DismissiOg the Writ Petitions & Transferred cases, • HELD :Merit.ha& been 'asqerlairied by the.most scientific mCihod tha can be applied for selecting candidates on merit leaving n6 room for_ any arbitrar§ choice. 'Ibe viva; voce test that was conducted was fair, free from the charS'e of arbitrariness, reasonable and just.

[410 F]

In the instant case, respondents Nos. 1 to 3 have practically set at naught some of the drawbacks and deficienciespoint.ed out in Ajay' Basia etc. v. Khalid Mujib Sehra, ard1 & others etc. [1981] 2 SCR 79•· in the manner . of holding of oral interview and the marksassigned at it.

The respondents in order to avoid any charge of arbitiiirjness reduced tbe marks assigned to the Viva-voce test, prepared the questions 1o advance kept them ready in the boxes and 'tbe candidatJ bad to .pick-up bis own <i, ueslion . nod answer it.

The record .'Of the answer was mint'llined in the candidate~ own voice. [41'Q Q-411 E] ·

ORiGINAJ, JURISDICTION : Writ Petitiri No. 8964 of 1982. ~

. (Under Article 32 of the Constitution of Irtdia)

WITH

Transfer Cases Nos. 13-15 of 1984.

Anil Dev Singh, Subhash Sharma and S.K. Sabharwa/ for the

E petitioners.

G.L. Sangh1 and Altaf Ahmed'for the respondents.

K.R.R. Pillai 'for the Petitioner in Transfor Cases Nos. 13-15 of84.

F The Judgment of the Court was delivered by

DESA~ J.

At' the conclu.sion of the hearing of the .writ. petition and the transferred cases on Jan.24, 1984, the Court pronounced the order dismissing the writ p, etition. agd the transferred cases, reserving that the reasons will follow later on. Here arc

the reasons.

To put.into' focus the controversy, the fact$. alleged in Writ Petition No. 8964 of 1982 may be taken as representative of the allegations in all allied cases.· ' · '

Nine petitioners in this petition questioned the legality and 'i..-Y correctness of admissions to Bachelor degree course for 1982-83 session in Regional Engineering Colleges at Srinagar, simtllta-.

neously praying for quashing the admissions of respondents Nos.

k. It GlJPTA v. i. AND.K. STATE (Desai, J.) 400

5 to 13 and Seeking a direction that the petitioners be admitted to A the same session.

A Regional Engineering College has been sd up at Srinagar in the State of Jammu and Kashmir. Third respondent, Principal of the College by a public advertisement dated March 13, 1982 i.nvited appLcations for admiSsion to the Bachelor Degree Engineering Course for 1982-83 session not only in the Regional Engineering College, Srinagar but also in eleven Regional Engineering Colleges set up in different States.. Candidates seeking admission had to fulfill the following requirements. They were required to appear at (i) a joint entrance examination in four papers viz. Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and English; (ii} candidates who qualify in the written test had to appear at a viva-voce test; '(iii) the selections were - to be based on the combined performance in the written and viva-voce examination; and

(iv) the seats reserved for specified categories were also Bhown.

Pursuant to this advertisement, the petitioners applied and were admitted. to the' written test and on being found qualified, they were ealled for viva-voile' test. The challenge is to the manner, the mothod and the number of marks asigned for the viva-voce test. Broadly stated, the allegations were that reservation of 15 marks for viva-voce test conferred arbitrary, unguided and• un canna!ised power on those c2nducting the viva-voce test and that reservation of 15 marks for viva-voce'!est would have the perni- cious tendency of affecting the merit disclosed by the marks obtained at written examination. Tbere were other allegations which d9 not merit examination.

On rule nisi being issued, respondents Nos. I to 3 appeared and one Dr. O.N. Kou!, Head of the Mechanical Engineering . Department (Co-ordinator Admissions for session 1982·83), Regional Engineering College, Srinagar filed an affidavit in opposition on behalf of tlie Principal of the College. After • pointing out that 85 marks were assigned for written examination and 15 for viva-voce test, it was further pointed out that in order to. avoid any charge of arbitrariness being levelled against the Selection Committee 15 marks assigned for viva-voce test were further split-up under four heads, namely, (i) Science-5 marks

(ii) General knowledge-4 marks (iii) Curricular Activities-3 marks and (iv) personality iest-3 marks. It was pointed out that vltimately out of a total of 100 marks, only 3, marks were assigned for personality test and this is the area where if at all; discretion can be exercised which may not be reviewable on any

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SUPREME COURT REPORTS tJ984J 3 s.c.I\.

documentary evidence. In respect of the three other heads, it was pointed .out that the Sele'!:tion Committee prepared cards on each of which a question was typed referable to the 4 subjects, llllmely, Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and General Knowledge. and they were kept in 4 difforent boxes .. When the candidate entered the room for interview, he was required to pick up at random one card from each of the four boxes, .each box containing atleast 150 cards and answer the question. A tape recorder was kept on the table in front of the members of the SelectiQ!l Committee and the .. candidate appearing .for the interview and the two-way dialogue was recorded in full.

Marks were assigned undereach head of viva-voce test depending upon the merit of the answere. Thereafter, the merit list w11s prepared on the basis of the total marks obtai11ed at written test and the vivavoce test and it was stricily adhered to save and except for reserved seats whete alw persons seeking admission to reserved seats 'had t.o stand in queu~ as in the merit list. . ·

At the hearing of these pebtions, the respondents Nos. 1 to 3 produced before the Court the cards on which questions ll'.ere typed, the cassette and a tape recorder. They also produced the entire merit list with marks obtained by each candidate. The court at' random directed \)lorn to point out which card was pickedup by om of the candi'1atl's from amongst; the petitioners and then play the cassette on whi1; h . his intetview was taped. Learned counsel for the petitioners and some of the , petitioners were . preent during this demonstration.

We a; e fully satisfied that in this case merit has ben ascertainod by the most scientific method .that can be. applied for selecting candidates on merits leaving no.room for any arbitrary. choice. . .

There was no challenge to the written test and 85 marks assigiled for the written test. In A; ay Ha1ia etc. v Kha/id Mujib Sehravardi &; Ors. etc. (') whorein "admission to this very Regio· nal Engineering College for the year 1979-80 was challenged, this Court observed tha.t 'there can be no doubt that, having regard to the drawbacks and deficifncies in the oral interview test and the conditions prevailing. in the country, particularly .when

there is deterioratiou in n!oral values and corruption and nepotism are very much on the focrease, allocation of a high per- • centage of marks for the oral inte1vie.w as compared to the marks allocated llr the written test, cannot be accepted by thti court as . _____ , .

, OJ [19s1j 2 s.c.R. 79.

..... . . '

...

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k. 1::. GtiPTA V J. AND K. STATE (Desai, J.)

free from the vice of artrariness. The Court concluded by observing that in the existing circumstances, allocation of more than 15% of the total marks for the oral intervie.w would be arbitrary and unreasonable and would be liable to be struck down 'as constitutionally invalid.

• The respondents took one from these observations of the Court and reduced the marks assigned for viva-voce. test to 15.

Not only that but some of the drawbacks and deficiencies pointed out by this Court in the manner of holding of oral interview and the'marks assigned at it, the respondents split-up the marks under four heads and a; least in respect of three, there is direct evidence

as recorded mi the tape to show how the :andidate has faired.

And as for the dreaded persona.lily test, the marks assigned are 3 only. Not a single case was pointed out to us in the course of the hearing in which the candidate othetwise being eligible for admis&ion on merit, lost the ·same .because of inability to get som~

marks under the personality test, the maximum being -3 only.

It is to the credit of rescondents Nos. I to 3, how they in order to avoid any charge of arbitrariness reduced the marks assigned to viva-voce test, split them up under different heads and even in respect of questions to be put at the viva-voe\' test prepared the questions in adva:ic!', kept them ready. in boxes and the candidate had to pick-up his own qestion and answer it. The record of the answer is maintaintlli in candidates own voice. We must record our appreciation that respondents Nos. I to 3 have practically set .at naught drawbacks and deficiencie; in oral interview as pointed out by thi.s Court. The viva-voce test conducted mu; t be held to be fair, free from the charge of arbitrariness, reasonable' and just.

Undoubtedly, the expectation of the Court which frowns upon anything arbitrary or unreasonable has added to the workload of the 'Selection Committee. But today when there is ru; h for admission. to Engineering Colleges like the Ceasar's wife, the

selection must be objective and beyond reproach. That has been scientifically achievecUn this case: We hope that bodies charged with the difficult task of ascertaining merits for admission will take cue from.what has been done by respondents Nos. r to 3 and the lead provided by them in this fUd would restore faith of young aspirants in 'the system. Therefor, the Court dismissed the writ petition and the transferred cases. ·

N.V.K.

Petitions &: Transfer Cases dismissed,

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