evekhm/cms_iom_500 huggingface dataset:
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
Gene Testing for Warfarin ResponsePharmacogenomic Testing for Warfarin Response, gene testing onCYP2C9 and/or VKORC1see NCD 90.1 for coverage information.HFE(hemochromatosis)(hereditary hemochrosis) gene analysis, common variants (e.g. C282Y, H63D) is considered medically necessary in patients with iron overload of uncertain etiology (e.g. when the test is used to avoid liver biopsy in someone when the ferritin and the transferrin saturation are elevated greater than 45%). The genotyping of patients with iron overload of uncertain etiology is allowed only once per lifetime.HLAClass I or II typing is considered medically necessary when one of the following indications is met:
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
Transplantation:Standard of care determination of HLA matching for solid organ transplant (donor/recipient).  Solid organ transplant registries include both serological HLA testing (e.g., crossmatch) and genomic molecular DNA typing. Family members, or unrelated living donors or cadaveric donors who donate bone marrow or a solid organ are HLA tested pre-transplant to determine compatibility with the potential recipients.Standard of care determination of HLA matching for solid organ transplant (donor/recipient).  Solid organ transplant registries include both serological HLA testing (e.g., crossmatch) and genomic molecular DNA typing. Family members, or unrelated living donors or cadaveric donors who donate bone marrow or a solid organ are HLA tested pre-transplant to determine compatibility with the potential recipients.Standard of care identification of determination of HLA matching for hematopoietic stem cell/bone marrow transplantation -allele-level typing will provide clinical guidance for the HLA-A,B,C Class I and DRB1, DQB1,DPB1, and DQA1 Class II loci in the average transplant program because it is well established that mismatches at certain HLA loci between donor-recipients are closely linked to the risk of graft versus host disease. Potential marrow donors may enroll with a national registry such as the United States National Marrow Donor Program or the Canadian Blood Services registry.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
Disease Association:Standard of care testing to diagnose certain HLA related diseases/conditions when the testing is supported by the clinical literature and is informative for the direct management of a patient bearing a certain allele(s). It is not expected that more than one test would be required in a given beneficiarys lifetime. Possible covered indications when standard laboratory testing (tissue typing) not adequate:HLA-B*27 for the diagnosis of certain cases of symptomatic patients with presumed ankylosing spondylitis or related inflammatory disease. HLA-B*27 is covered for ankylosing spondylitis in cases where other methods of diagnosis would not be appropriate or have yielded inconclusive results (NCD 190.1).In the work-up of certain patients with an unclear diagnosis of celiac disease and gluten hypersensitivity usually related to ambiguous standard laboratory results and/or inconsistent biopsy results (e.g., HLA-DQ2 by HLA-DQB1*02 and of DQ8 by HLA-DQB1*0302).Pharmacogenetics:Standard of care testing to diagnose certain HLA related drug hypersensitivity reactions when the testing is supported by the clinical literature and is informative for the direct management of a patient bearing a certain allele(s) associated to fatal skin drug reactions (Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis). It is not expected that more than one test would be required in a given beneficiarys lifetime. Possible covered indications:HLA B*5701 when testing performed prior to the initiation of an abacavir-containing regime in the treatment of HIV Infection.HLA-B*1502 when genotyping may be useful for risk stratification when the testing is performed prior to the initiation of carbamazepine therapy in the treatment of patients at high risk of having this allele. HLA-B*1502 occurs almost exclusively in patients with ancestry across broad areas of Asia, including South Asian Indians.Identification of HLA compatible platelets for transfusion when standard typing is not adequate.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
HUMAN PLATELET ANTIGEN 1-15as genotyping for human platelet antigens is important for identifying woman at risk for neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT). Post-transfusion purpura is an immune reaction against human platelet antigens, often occurring when a woman is sensitized during pregnancy, then subsequently receives a transfusion. There are few Medicare beneficiaries for whom this testing will be clinically actionable.IGH@ (Immunoglobulin heavy chain locus) is considered medically necessary for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and lymphoma, B-cell to guide therapeutic decision making.JAK2 V617Fgenotyping is considered medically necessary in the initial diagnostic work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2-negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) (polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF)) or a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Note: JAK2 (exons 12 and 13) (reported with 81403) is medically necessary in individuals for whom PV is a strong consideration.JAK2(Janus kinase 2) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), exon 12 sequence and exon 13 sequence is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL and JAK2 (V617F variant) negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting polycythemia vera.KIT(v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (eg, gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST], acute myeloid leukemia, melanoma), gene analysis, targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 8, 11, 13, 17, 18) is considered medically necessary in patients who have GIST, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or melanoma to guide therapeutic decision making.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
KIT(v-kit Hardy-Zuckerman 4 feline sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (eg, mastocytosis), gene analysis, D816 variant(s) is considered medically necessary in patients who have mastocytosis to guide therapeutic decision making.KRASgene analysis, variants in codons 12 and 13, is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.KRAS(Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog) (e.g., carcinoma) gene analysis; additional variant(s) (e.g., codon 61, codon 146) is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer or non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.MEN1(multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) (eg, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), duplication/deletion and CPT code 81405 MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) e.g. multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), duplication/deletion analysis) are considered medically necessary in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia to guide therapeutic decision-making.METproto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase, is considered medically necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individuals specific clinical presentation.MGMT(O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) (e.g., glioblastoma multiforme), methylation analysis) is considered medically necessary in patients with malignant brain neoplasm to guide therapeutic decision making.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
MPL(myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), common variants (eg, W515A, W515K, W515L, W515R) is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis (PMF).MPL(myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor, TPOR) (eg, myeloproliferative disorder), exon 10 sequence is considered medically necessary in the initial work-up of BCR-ABL negative, JAK2 negative, and CALR negative adults with clinical, laboratory, or pathological findings suggesting thrombocytosis, essential thrombocythemia (ET), or primary myelofibrosis (PMF).MTHFR(5,10-methyenetetrahydrofolate reductase) (e.g. hereditary hypercoaguability), gene analysis, common variants(e.g., EG, 677T, 1298C) is not considered to be clinically efficacious; therefore, testing is not medically necessary.Microsatellite instability analysis(e.g., hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, Lynch syndrome) of markers for mismatch repair deficiency (e.g. BAT25, BAT26), includes comparison of neoplastic and normal tissue and is considered medically necessary in individuals who have colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosed at less than or equal to 70 years of age, and those greater than 70 years who meet the revised Bethesda Lynch Syndrome (LS) guidelines to guide therapeutic decision-making. Despite the high penetrance of CRC and endometrial cancer and recommendations of consideration for screening unaffected first-degree relatives following diagnosis of an LS proband, testing of genetic carriers who are unaffected with a Lynch- related cancer is not a Medicare benefit, and is statutorily excluded from coverage.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
MSI testing is also required by FDA for the clinical use of Keytruda (pembrolizumab) in a restricted population of patients. These are patients who have unresectable or metastatic solid tumors who have progressed following prior treatment and have no satisfactory alternative options. When Keytruda (pembrolizumab) is a potential clinically appropriate therapeutic choice, MSI testing is medically necessary in these patients. Because this is a wide-ranging population of advanced cancer patients, ICD-10 specificity is impractical, therefore use an ICD-10 appropriate for the tumor type and location.MYD88genetic test is considered medically necessary in patients with Marginal Zone Lymphoma (MZL), Waldenstroms Macroglobulinemia (WM) and Lymphoplasmacytic Lymphoma (LPL) to guide therapeutic decision-making.NPM1 (nucleophosmin) is considered medically necessary in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to guide therapeutic decision making.NRAS(neuroblastoma RAS viral [v-ras] oncogene homolog) (e.g., colorectal carcinoma), gene analysis, variants in exon 2 (e.g., codons 12 and 13) and exon 3 (e.g., codon 61) is considered medically necessary in patients with colorectal cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individual's specific clinical presentation.Oncology (breast), mRNA, gene expression profiling by real-time RT-PCR of 21 genes, utilizing formalin-fixed paraffin embedded tissue, algorithm reported as recurrence score is considered medically necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making in patients with the following findings:
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
estrogen-receptor positive, node-negative carcinoma of the breastestrogen-receptor positive micrometastases of carcinoma of the breast, andestrogen-receptor positive breast carcinoma with 1-3 positive nodes.PDGFRA(platelet-derived growth factor receptor, alpha polypeptide) (e.g., gastrointestinal stromal tumor [GIST]), gene analysis, targeted sequence analysis (eg, exons 12, 18) is considered medically necessary in patients with PDGFRA-associated chronic eosinophilic leukemia or GIST caused by mutations in the PDGFRA gene to guide therapeutic decision making.PML/RARALPHA, (T(15;17)), (PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA/RETINOIC ACID RECEPTOR ALPHA) (EG, PROMYELOCYTIC LEUKEMIA) TRANSLOCATION ANALYSIS; COMMON BREAKPOINTS (EG, INTRON 3 AND INTRON 6), QUALITATIVE OR QUANTITATIVE is considered medically necessary in patients with promyelocytic leukemia.Prosigna Breast Cancer Prognostic Gene Signature Assayis considered medically necessary in patients who have undergone surgery in conjunction with locoregional treatment consistent with standard of care, either as:A prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in post- menopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-negative, Stage I or II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors.A prognostic indicator for distant recurrence-free survival at 10 years in post- menopausal women with Hormone Receptor-Positive (HR+), lymph node-positive (1-3 positive nodes}, Stage II breast cancer to be treated with adjuvant endocrine therapy alone, when used in conjunction with other clinicopathological factors. The device is not intended for patients with 4 or more positive nodes
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
RARS(SF3B1 mutation) is considered medically necessary in patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome to guide therapeutic decision-making.RET(ret-proto-oncogene) is considered medically necessary in patients with medullary CA of thyroid, multiple endocrine neoplasia, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid tumors) to guide therapeutic decision making.ROSproto-oncogene 1, receptor tyrosine kinase, is considered medically necessary in patients with non-small cell lung cancer when needed to determine if a Medicare covered therapy is a reasonable option given the individuals specific clinical presentation.SERPINA1(serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, alpha-1- antiproteinase, antitrypsin, member 1) (e.g., antitrypsin deficiency), gene analysis, common variants (e.g. *S and *Z) is considered medically necessary for patients who have antitrypsin deficiency to guide therapeutic decision-making.Targeted genomic sequence analysis panel, solid organ neoplasm, DNA analysis, and RNA analysis when performed, 5-50 genes (EG, ALK, BRAF, CDKN2A, EGFR, ERBB2, KIT, KRAS, NRAS, MET, PDGFRA, PDGFRB, PGR, PIK3CA, PTEN, RET), interrogation for sequence variants and copy number variants or rearrangements, if performed is considered not medically necessary except when used to guide treatment decision making in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer (please refer to LCD L36376).TP53(tumor protein 53) (e.g. tumor samples), targeted sequence analysis of 2-5 exons, and CPT code 81405 TP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. Li-Fraumeni syndrome, tumor samples), full gene sequence or targeted sequence analysis of >5 exons are considered medically necessary in individuals who have Acute Myelogenous Leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), or Myelodysplastic Disease to guide therapeutic decision-making.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
TRB@ (T CELL antigen receptor, BETA) (e.g., leukemia and lymphoma), gene rearrangement analysis to detect abnormal cloning population(s); using amplification methodology is considered necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making for individuals with acute lymphoid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and T cell prolymphocytic leukemia.TRG@ (T CELL antigen receptor, GAMMA ) (e.g., leukemia and lymphoma), gene rearrangement analysis , evaluation to detect abnormal cloning population(s) are considered medically necessary to guide therapeutic decision-making for individuals with acute lymphoid leukemia, aplastic anemia, and T cell prolymphocytic leukemia and mastocytosis.Tier 2 Covered Gene/Gene CombinationsLimited coverage may be provided for specific genes reported below:ACEATP7B (ATPase, Cu++ transporting, beta polypeptide)CCND1/IGHCBFB-MYH11CDKN2A (cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A)E2A/PBX1EML4-ALKETV6-RUNX1EWSR1/ERGEWSR1/FLI1EWSR1/WT1F11coagulation factor XIF13BF5F7F8 (coagulation factor VIII)FGBFIP1L1-PDGFRFOXO1/PAX3FOXO1/PAX7MEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) (eg, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), duplication/deletionMEN1 (multiple endocrine neoplasia 1) (eg, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, Wermer syndrome), full gene sequenceMUTYH (mutY homolog [E.coli])NPM/ALKPAX8/PPARGPRSS1 (protease, serine, 1 [trypsin 1])RARS (SF3B1RUNX1/RUNX1T1TP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. tumor samples), targeted sequence analysis of 2-5 exons
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
RARS (SF3B1RUNX1/RUNX1T1TP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. tumor samples), targeted sequence analysis of 2-5 exonsTP53 (tumor protein 53) (e.g. Li-Fraumeni syndrome, tumor samples), full gene sequence or targeted sequence analysis of >5 exonsVHL (von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor)Tier 2 Individual Review Codes/Gene CombinationsAny genetic test reported with a Tier 2 CPT code, not listed above or below, is subject to individual review.Tier 2 Non-covered Codes/Gene CombinationsThe following individual Tier 2 genetic tests are unlikely to impact therapeutic decision-making, directly impact treatment, outcome and/or clinical management in the care of the beneficiary and will be denied as not medically necessary (Please note that this list of non-covered genes is not exhaustive, and the fact that a specific gene is not mentioned does not mean it is covered. In addition, many genes have several names that are used. The most common names have been used in this policy):ABCC8ACADMACADS (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase)ACADVL (acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, very long chain)ADRB2AGTR1AIRE (APSI)AKT1ANG (angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5)APOEAQP2 (aquaporin 2 [collecting duct])AR (androgen receptor)ARX (aristaless related homeobox)ATN1BTD (biotinidase)C9orf72CASR (CAR, EIG8, extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, FHH, FIH, GPRC2A, HHC, HHC1, NSHPT, PCAR1)CAV3 (caveolin 3) (eg, CAV3-related distal myopathy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1C), full gene sequenceCBS (cystathionine-beta-synthase)CCR5CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5)CFH/ARMS2Chromosome 18q-CLRN1CLRN1 (clarin 1)
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
CCR5CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5)CFH/ARMS2Chromosome 18q-CLRN1CLRN1 (clarin 1)CYP1B1 (cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily B, polypeptide 1)CYP21A2 (cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide2)CYP21A2DEK/NUP214DLAT (dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase)DLD (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase)DMPK (dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (DM gene and DM1)DMPK (dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase)DYT1 (TOR1A)EGR2 (early growth response 2) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth)F8 (coagulation factor VIII)F8 (coagulation factor VIII)FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 2) (2 EXONS)FGFR3FGFR3FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) (4 EXONS)FGFR3 (fibroblast growth factor receptor 3) one exonFKRP (Fukutin related protein)FOXG1 (forkhead box G1)FSHMD1A (facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1A)FSHMD1A (facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy 1A)FXN (frataxin)GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase)GALT (galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase)GJB1 (gap junction protein, beta 1) (eg, Charcot-Marie-Tooth X-linked), full gene sequenceH19HADHA (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase [trifunctional protein] alpha subunit)
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
H19HADHA (hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase/enoyl-CoA hydratase [trifunctional protein] alpha subunit)HAX1 (HAX1_HUMAN, HCLS1- associated protein X-1, HCLSBP1, HS1-associating protein X-1, HS1 binding protein, HS1-binding protein 1, HS1BP1, HSP1BP-1)HEXA (hexosaminidase A, alpha polypeptide)HNF1B (HNF1 homeobox B)HRAS (v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog Costello syndrome)HRAS (v-Ha-ras Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)HTT (huntingtin)IL28BIVDKCNJ10 (potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 10)KCNQ10T1 (KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1)KIF6Level 8 Molecular Pathology ProceduresLevel 9 Molecular Pathology ProceduresLMNA (lamin A/C)LPA intron 25 genotypeMEFV (Mediterranean fever) (eg, familial Mediterranean fever)MEG3/DLK1MEK1MLH1MLL/AFFMPZ (myelin protein zero)MT-ATP6MT-ND4, MT-ND6MT-ND5 mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 [UUA/G] mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5)MT-RNR1 (mitochondrially encoded 12S RNA)MT-RNR1 (mitochondrially encoded 12S RNA)MT-TK (mitochondrially encoded tRNA lysine)MT-TL1MT-TS1MT-TS1 (mitochondrially encoded tRNA serine 1)MUTYH (mutY homolog [E. coli])NF2 (neurofibromin 2 [merlin])NSD1 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 1)PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase)PAX2 (paired box 2)PDHA1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide] alpha1)
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
PAH (phenylalanine hydroxylase)PAX2 (paired box 2)PDHA1 (pyruvate dehydrogenase [lipoamide] alpha1)PIK3C, PI3Ks, PI(3)Ks, PI-3KsPOLG (polymerase [DNA directed], gamma)PRKAG2 (protein kinase, AMP-activated, gamma 2 non-catalytic subunit)PRSS1 (protease, serine, 1 [trypsin 1])PTPN11 (protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 11)RET (ret-proto-oncogene) (eg, Hirschsprung disease), full gene sequenceSCA1SDA2SLC25A4 (solute carrier family 25 [mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocation]SLC9A6 (solute carrier family 9 [sodium/hydrogen exchanger] member 6)SMN1SMN1 (survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric)SMN1/SMN2 (survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric/survival of motor neuron 2, centromeric)SOS1 (son of sevenless homolog 1)SPG4TAZ (tafazzin)TOR1ATRDTSC1 (tuberous sclerosis 1)TSC2 (tuberous sclerosis 2)UBE3A (ubiquitin protein ligase)UPD (Uniparental disomy)VEGFR2 (CD309, FLK1, VEGFR)VWF (von Willebrand factor)General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationAgency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Update for horizon scans of genetic tests currently available for clinical use in cancers. 2011. Tufts Evidence-based Practice Center.American Medical Association. Current procedural terminology (CPT) professional edition 2013.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Genomic testing: Genomic tests by level of evidence. 2013. http://www.cdc.gov/genomics/gtesting/Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), 2015 American Medical Association.
Proposed LCD - Molecular Pathology Procedures (DL35000)
Current Procedural Terminology (CPT), 2015 American Medical Association.Hampel H, Frankel WL, Martin E, et al. Screening for the Lynch syndrome (hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer).New England Journal of Medicine.2005;352(18):1851-60.LCDs and policies from other Medicare contractors and private insurersLoupakis, F, Ruzzo A, Cremolini C, et al. KRAS codon 61, 146, and BRAF mutations predict resistance to cetuximab and irinotecan in KRAS codon 12 and 13, wild type metastatic colorectal cancer.BR J Cancer, 2009.101(4):p.715-721.Schmeler KM, Lynch HT, Chen L, et al. Prophylactic surgery to reduce the risk of gynecologic cancers in Lynch syndrome.New England Journal of Medicine.2006;354(3):261-269.Secretarys Advisory Committee on Genetics, Health, and Society. U.S. system of oversight of genetic testing: A response to the charge of the secretary of health and human services.Department of Health and Human Services.2008. http://www4.od.nih.gov/oba/sacghs/reports/SACGHS_oversight_report.pdfU.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Genetic risk assessment and BRCA mutation testing for breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility: Recommendation statement. 2005. http://www.uspreventiveservicestaskforce.org/uspstf05/brcagen/brcagenrs.htm.Vaughn, CP, Zobell SD, Furtado LV, et al. Frequency of KRAS, BRAF, and NRAS Mutations in Colorectal Cancer.Genes Chromosomes Cancer, 2011, 50(5): p. 307-312.Mesa R, Jamieson C, Bhatia R, et al. Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology. 2017;Version 2.2018.BibliographyNCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Version 3.2018. 2018.NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology: Acute Myeloid Leukemia Version 1.2018. 2018.