evekhm/cms_iom_3000 huggingface dataset:
Proposed LCD - Trigger Point Injections (TPI) (DL39656)

Freeman MD, Nystrom A, Centeno C. Chronic whiplash and central sensitization; an evaluation of the role of a myofascial trigger points in pain modulation. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 200923(4):2 doi: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-2.[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Staud R, Weyl E, Bartley E, Price D, Robinson M. Analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of muscle injections with lidocaine or saline in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. European Journal of Pain 2014;18(6):803-12Hong CZ, Hsueh TC. Difference in pain relief after trigger point injections in myofascial pain patients with and without fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77(11):1161-6 doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90141-0[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA 2004;292(19):2388-95 doi: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2388[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Scott NA, Guo B, Barton PM, Gerwin RD. Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Pain Medicine 2009;10(1):54-69Zoorob D, South M, Karram M, et al. A pilot randomized trial of levator injections versus physical therapy for treatment of pelvic floor myalgia and sexual pain. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26(6):845-52 doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2606-4[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Patil S, Daniel G, Vyas R, et al. Neuromuscular treatment approach for women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome improving pelvic pain and functionality. Neurourol Urodyn 2022;41(1):220-28 doi: 10.1002/nau.24799[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Ratmansky M, Defrin R, Soroker N. A randomized controlled study of segmental neuromyotherapy for post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. J Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2012;44(10):830-36Terlemez R, Ercalik T. Effect of piriformis injection on neuropathic pain. Agri 2019;31(4):178-82 doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.34735[published Online First: Epub Date]|.American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management: Practice guidelines for chronic pain management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain Management: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine*. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c43103[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Hegmann K TR, Anderson G etal. . ACOEM GUIDELINES: Invasive Treatments for Low Back Disorders. JOEM 2021;63(4):e215-e41NASS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. Secondary Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain 2020.https://www.spine.org/.
Proposed LCD - Peripheral Venous Ultrasound (DL35451)

Hur KY, Jun JE, Choi YJ, et al. Color Doppler Ultrasonography Is a Useful Tool for Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Ankle-Brachial Index 0.91 to 1.40.Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(1):63-73.Heit J, Spencer F, White R. The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism.J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(1):3-14.Bell E, Lutsey P, Basu S et al. Lifetime Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Two Cohort Studies.The American Journal of Medicine, 2016;129(3):339.e19-339.e26.Farah M, Nayfeh T, Urtecho M, et al. A systematic review supporting the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Venous Forum, and the American Vein and Lymphatic Society guidelines on the management of varicose veins.J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2022;10(5):1155-1171.Gloviczki P, Lawrence P, Wasan S et al. The 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part I. Duplex Scanning and Treatment of Superficial Truncal Reflux: Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine and the International Union of Phlebology.J. Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2023;11(2):231-261.ACR-SPR-SRU Practice Parameter for the Performing and Interpreting Diagnostic Ultrasound Examinations.American College of Radiology. Revised 2017 (Resolution 32):1-6.
Proposed LCD - Peripheral Venous Ultrasound (DL33693)

Hur KY, Jun JE, Choi YJ, et al. Color Doppler Ultrasonography Is a Useful Tool for Diagnosis of Peripheral Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Ankle-Brachial Index 0.91 to 1.40.Diabetes Metab J. 2018;42(1):63-73.Heit J, Spencer F, White R. The Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism.J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2016;41(1):3-14.Bell E, Lutsey P, Basu S et al. Lifetime Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Two Cohort Studies.The American Journal of Medicine, 2016;129(3):339.e19-339.e26.Farah M, Nayfeh T, Urtecho M, et al. A systematic review supporting the Society for Vascular Surgery, the American Venous Forum, and the American Vein and Lymphatic Society guidelines on the management of varicose veins.J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2022;10(5):1155-1171.Gloviczki P, Lawrence P, Wasan S et al. The 2022 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part I. Duplex Scanning and Treatment of Superficial Truncal Reflux: Endorsed by the Society for Vascular Medicine and the International Union of Phlebology.J. Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2023;11(2):231-261.ACR-SPR-SRU Practice Parameter for the Performing and Interpreting Diagnostic Ultrasound Examinations.American College of Radiology. Revised 2017 (Resolution 32):1-6.
Proposed LCD - Trigger Point Injections (TPI) (DL34211)

Freeman MD, Nystrom A, Centeno C. Chronic whiplash and central sensitization; an evaluation of the role of a myofascial trigger points in pain modulation. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 200923(4):2 doi: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-2.[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Staud R, Weyl E, Bartley E, Price D, Robinson M. Analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of muscle injections with lidocaine or saline in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. European Journal of Pain 2014;18(6):803-12Hong CZ, Hsueh TC. Difference in pain relief after trigger point injections in myofascial pain patients with and without fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77(11):1161-6 doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90141-0[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA 2004;292(19):2388-95 doi: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2388[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Scott NA, Guo B, Barton PM, Gerwin RD. Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Pain Medicine 2009;10(1):54-69Zoorob D, South M, Karram M, et al. A pilot randomized trial of levator injections versus physical therapy for treatment of pelvic floor myalgia and sexual pain. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26(6):845-52 doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2606-4[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Patil S, Daniel G, Vyas R, et al. Neuromuscular treatment approach for women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome improving pelvic pain and functionality. Neurourol Urodyn 2022;41(1):220-28 doi: 10.1002/nau.24799[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Ratmansky M, Defrin R, Soroker N. A randomized controlled study of segmental neuromyotherapy for post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. J Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2012;44(10):830-36Terlemez R, Ercalik T. Effect of piriformis injection on neuropathic pain. Agri 2019;31(4):178-82 doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.34735[published Online First: Epub Date]|.American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management: Practice guidelines for chronic pain management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain Management: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine*. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c43103[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Hegmann K TR, Anderson G etal. . ACOEM GUIDELINES: Invasive Treatments for Low Back Disorders. JOEM 2021;63(4):e215-e41NASS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. Secondary Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain 2020.https://www.spine.org/.
Proposed LCD - Trigger Point Injections (TPI) (DL36859)

Freeman MD, Nystrom A, Centeno C. Chronic whiplash and central sensitization; an evaluation of the role of a myofascial trigger points in pain modulation. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 200923(4):2 doi: 10.1186/1749-7221-4-2.[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Staud R, Weyl E, Bartley E, Price D, Robinson M. Analgesic and anti-hyperalgesic effects of muscle injections with lidocaine or saline in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. European Journal of Pain 2014;18(6):803-12Hong CZ, Hsueh TC. Difference in pain relief after trigger point injections in myofascial pain patients with and without fibromyalgia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77(11):1161-6 doi: 10.1016/s0003-9993(96)90141-0[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Goldenberg DL, Burckhardt C, Crofford L. Management of fibromyalgia syndrome. JAMA 2004;292(19):2388-95 doi: 10.1001/jama.292.19.2388[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Scott NA, Guo B, Barton PM, Gerwin RD. Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review. Pain Medicine 2009;10(1):54-69Zoorob D, South M, Karram M, et al. A pilot randomized trial of levator injections versus physical therapy for treatment of pelvic floor myalgia and sexual pain. Int Urogynecol J 2015;26(6):845-52 doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2606-4[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Patil S, Daniel G, Vyas R, et al. Neuromuscular treatment approach for women with chronic pelvic pain syndrome improving pelvic pain and functionality. Neurourol Urodyn 2022;41(1):220-28 doi: 10.1002/nau.24799[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Ratmansky M, Defrin R, Soroker N. A randomized controlled study of segmental neuromyotherapy for post-stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain. J Journal of rehabilitation medicine 2012;44(10):830-36Terlemez R, Ercalik T. Effect of piriformis injection on neuropathic pain. Agri 2019;31(4):178-82 doi: 10.14744/agri.2019.34735[published Online First: Epub Date]|.American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management: Practice guidelines for chronic pain management: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33Practice Guidelines for Chronic Pain Management: An Updated Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Chronic Pain Management and the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine*. Anesthesiology 2010;112(4):810-33 doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181c43103[published Online First: Epub Date]|.Hegmann K TR, Anderson G etal. . ACOEM GUIDELINES: Invasive Treatments for Low Back Disorders. JOEM 2021;63(4):e215-e41NASS. Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain. Secondary Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain 2020.https://www.spine.org/.
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39741)

Contractor Advisory MeetingA Multi-MAC Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meeting was hosted by Noridian and includedNoridian Healthcare Solutions, CGS Administrators, National Government Services, Palmetto GBA, WPS Government Health Administrators, First Coast Service Options and Novitas Solutions on August 16, 2023. The transcript and audio for this meeting is posted on each MACs website. Feedback from the subject matter experts is included through the evidence summary.General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliography
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39741)

Riew KD, Ecker E, Dettori JR. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the management of axial neck pain in the absence of radiculopathy or myelopathy.Evid Based Spine Care J.2010;1(3):45-50.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2008;33(4 Suppl):S153-169.Palit M, Schofferman J, Goldthwaite N, et al. Anterior discectomy and fusion for the management of neck pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1999;24(21):2224-2228.Garvey TA, Transfeldt EE, Malcolm JR, Kos P. Outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion as perceived by patients treated for dominant axial-mechanical cervical spine pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2002;27(17):1887-1895; discussion 1895.Whitecloud TS, 3rd, Seago RA. Cervical discogenic syndrome. Results of operative intervention in patients with positive discography.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1987;12(4):313-316.Simmons EH, Bhalla SK. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A clinical and biomechanical study with eight-year follow-up.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1969;51(2):225-237.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.J Manipulative Physiol Ther.2009;32(2 Suppl):S176-193.Nystrom B, Svensson E, Larsson S, Schillberg B, Mork A, Taube A. A small group Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients with central neck pain and movement induced stabbing pain, the painful segment determined by mechanical provocation: Fusion surgery was superior to multimodal rehabilitation in a randomized trial.Scand J Pain.2016;12:33-42.Kreiner DS, Shaffer WO, Baisden JL, et al. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update).Spine J.2013;13(7):734-743.Isaac Z, Atlas SJ, K L. Management of non-radicular neck pain in adults. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Published 2023. Updated Oct. 4, 2023. Accessed Oct. 30, 2023.
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39758)

Myelopathy-An inclusive term describing a compression of the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficits e.g., spasticity (sustained muscle contractions), hyperreflexia, pathologic reflexes, paresthesia affecting the extremities, muscle weakness, digit/hand clumsiness, or gait disturbance.11,12Nonspecific low back painBack pain that cannot be attributed to a specific disease or spinal pathology.Session-A session is a time period, which includes all procedures (e.g., SIJIs and RFA ablations) that are performed during the same day.Sustained and Constant Pain Relief- The pain relief must continue for the defined time period and without interruption or regression to the primary (index) pain.Symptomatic pseudarthrosis- (non-union of prior fusion) with radiological (e.g., CT or MRI) demonstration of non-union of prior fusion (lack of bridging bone or abnormal motion at fused segment) 12 months or more since fusion surgeryorwith radiographic evidence of hardware failure (fracture or displacement).13Unstable Spine-cervical spinal instability has been defined as destruction of either the anterior or posterior elements of the spine making them nonfunctional, more than 3.5 mm of displacement of one vertebra in relation to another or greater than 11 degrees of rotational difference between adjacent vertebrae.1,14Contractor Advisory MeetingA Multi-MAC Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meeting was hosted by Noridian and includedNoridian Healthcare Solutions, CGS Administrators, National Government Services, Palmetto GBA, WPS Government Health Administrators, First Coast Service Options and Novitas Solutions on August 16, 2023. The transcript and audio for this meeting is posted on each MACs website. Feedback from the subject matter experts is included through the evidence summary.General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliography
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39758)

Riew KD, Ecker E, Dettori JR. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the management of axial neck pain in the absence of radiculopathy or myelopathy.Evid Based Spine Care J.2010;1(3):45-50.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2008;33(4 Suppl):S153-169.Palit M, Schofferman J, Goldthwaite N, et al. Anterior discectomy and fusion for the management of neck pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1999;24(21):2224-2228.Garvey TA, Transfeldt EE, Malcolm JR, Kos P. Outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion as perceived by patients treated for dominant axial-mechanical cervical spine pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2002;27(17):1887-1895; discussion 1895.Whitecloud TS, 3rd, Seago RA. Cervical discogenic syndrome. Results of operative intervention in patients with positive discography.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1987;12(4):313-316.Simmons EH, Bhalla SK. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A clinical and biomechanical study with eight-year follow-up.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1969;51(2):225-237.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.J Manipulative Physiol Ther.2009;32(2 Suppl):S176-193.Nystrom B, Svensson E, Larsson S, Schillberg B, Mork A, Taube A. A small group Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients with central neck pain and movement induced stabbing pain, the painful segment determined by mechanical provocation: Fusion surgery was superior to multimodal rehabilitation in a randomized trial.Scand J Pain.2016;12:33-42.Kreiner DS, Shaffer WO, Baisden JL, et al. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update).Spine J.2013;13(7):734-743.Isaac Z, Atlas SJ, K L. Management of non-radicular neck pain in adults. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Published 2023. Updated October 4, 2023. Accessed October 30, 2023.
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39762)

Myelopathy-An inclusive term describing a compression of the spinal cord resulting in neurological deficits e.g., spasticity (sustained muscle contractions), hyperreflexia, pathologic reflexes, paresthesia affecting the extremities, muscle weakness, digit/hand clumsiness, or gait disturbance.11,12Nonspecific low back painBack pain that cannot be attributed to a specific disease or spinal pathology.Session-A session is a time period, which includes all procedures (e.g., SIJIs and RFA ablations) that are performed during the same day.Sustained and Constant Pain Relief- The pain relief must continue for the defined time period and without interruption or regression to the primary (index) pain.Symptomatic pseudarthrosis- (non-union of prior fusion) with radiological (e.g., CT or MRI) demonstration of non-union of prior fusion (lack of bridging bone or abnormal motion at fused segment) 12 months or more since fusion surgeryorwith radiographic evidence of hardware failure (fracture or displacement).13Unstable Spine-cervical spinal instability has been defined as destruction of either the anterior or posterior elements of the spine making them nonfunctional, more than 3.5 mm of displacement of one vertebra in relation to another or greater than 11 degrees of rotational difference between adjacent vertebrae.1,14Contractor Advisory MeetingA Multi-MAC Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meeting was hosted by Noridian and includedNoridian Healthcare Solutions, CGS Administrators, National Government Services, Palmetto GBA, WPS Government Health Administrators, First Coast Service Options and Novitas Solutions on August 16, 2023. The transcript and audio for this meeting is posted on each MACs website. Feedback from the subject matter experts is included through the evidence summary.General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliography
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39762)

Riew KD, Ecker E, Dettori JR. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the management of axial neck pain in the absence of radiculopathy or myelopathy.Evid Based Spine Care J.2010;1(3):45-50.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2008;33(4 Suppl):S153-169.Palit M, Schofferman J, Goldthwaite N, et al. Anterior discectomy and fusion for the management of neck pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1999;24(21):2224-2228.Garvey TA, Transfeldt EE, Malcolm JR, Kos P. Outcome of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion as perceived by patients treated for dominant axial-mechanical cervical spine pain.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2002;27(17):1887-1895; discussion 1895.Whitecloud TS, 3rd, Seago RA. Cervical discogenic syndrome. Results of operative intervention in patients with positive discography.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1987;12(4):313-316.Simmons EH, Bhalla SK. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A clinical and biomechanical study with eight-year follow-up.J Bone Joint Surg Br.1969;51(2):225-237.Carragee EJ, Hurwitz EL, Cheng I, et al. Treatment of neck pain: injections and surgical interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.J Manipulative Physiol Ther.2009;32(2 Suppl):S176-193.Nystrom B, Svensson E, Larsson S, Schillberg B, Mork A, Taube A. A small group Whiplash-Associated-Disorders (WAD) patients with central neck pain and movement induced stabbing pain, the painful segment determined by mechanical provocation: Fusion surgery was superior to multimodal rehabilitation in a randomized trial.Scand J Pain.2016;12:33-42.Kreiner DS, Shaffer WO, Baisden JL, et al. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (update).Spine J.2013;13(7):734-743.Isaac Z, Atlas SJ, K L. Management of non-radicular neck pain in adults. UpToDate. www.uptodate.com. Published 2023. Updated Oct. 4, 2023. Accessed Oct. 30, 2023.
Proposed LCD - Cervical Fusion (DL39770)

Contractor Advisory MeetingA Multi-MAC Contractor Advisory Committee (CAC) Meeting was hosted by Noridian and includedNoridian Healthcare Solutions, CGS Administrators, National Government Services, Palmetto GBA, WPS Government Health Administrators, First Coast Service Options and Novitas Solutions on August 16, 2023. The transcript and audio for this meeting is posted on each MACs website. Feedback from the subject matter experts is included through the evidence summary.General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliography