Article - Billing and Coding: Polysomnography and Other Sleep Studies (A57049)

CMS National Coverage PolicyWhen the documentation does not meet the criteria for the service rendered, or the documentation does not establish the medical necessity for the services, such services will be denied as not reasonable and necessary under Section 1862(a)(1) of the Social Security Act.CMS Pub. 100-8,Program Integrity Manual, Chapter 13, Section 5.1CMS Publication100-03 Medicare National Coverage Determination (NCD) Manual) Chapter 1,Section 240.4.1 Sleep Testing for Obstructive sleep Apnea (OSA) (Effective March 3, 2009) andSection 240.4 Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Therapy For Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (Effective March 13, 2008)CMS Publication100-02 Medicare Benefit PolicyChapter 6, Section 50 Sleep Disorder ClinicsCMS Publication100-02, Medicare Benefit Policy Manual, Chapter 15, Section 70 Sleep Disorder ClinicsCMS Decision Memo for Sleep Testing for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) (CAG-00405N)CMS Decision Memo for Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea (CAG-00093R2)Italicized font-represents CMS national NCD language/wording copied directly from CMS Manuals or CMS Transmittals.  Contractors are prohibited from changing national NCD language/wording.Article TextThis article gives guidance for billing, coding, and other guidelines in relation to local coverage policy L36902-Outpatient Psychiatry and Psychology Services.General Guidelines for Claims submitted to Part A or Part B MAC:Procedure codes may be subject to National Correct Coding Initiative (NCCI) edits or OPPS packaging edits. Refer to NCCI and OPPS requirements prior to billing Medicare. For services requiring a referring/ordering physician, the name and NPI of the referring/ordering physician must be reported on the claim. A claim submitted without a valid ICD-10-CM diagnosis code will be returned to the provider as an incomplete claim under Section 1833(e) of the Social Security Act. The diagnosis code(s) must best describe the patient's condition for which the service was performed. For diagnostic tests, report the result of the test if known; otherwise the symptoms prompting the performance of the test should be reported.Advance Beneficiary Notice of Non-coverage (ABN) Modifier GuidelinesAn ABN may be used for services which are likely to be non-covered, whether for medical necessity or for other reasons. Refer to CMS Publication 100-04, Medicare Claims Processing Manual, Chapter 30, for complete instructions.Effective from April 1, 2010, non-covered services should be billed with modifier GA, -GX, -GY, or GZ, as appropriate.The GA modifier (Waiver of Liability Statement Issued as Required by Payer Policy) should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they anticipate that Medicare will deny a specific service as not reasonable and necessary and they do have an ABN signed by the beneficiary on file. Modifier GA applies only when services will be denied under reasonable and necessary provisions, sections 1862(a)(1), 1862(a)(9), 1879(e), or 1879(g) of the Social Security Act. Effective April 1, 2010, Part A MAC systems will automatically deny services billed with modifier GA. An ABN, Form CMS-R-131, should be signed by the beneficiary to indicate that he/she accepts responsibility for payment. The -GA modifier may also be used on assigned claims when a patient refuses to sign the ABN and the latter is properly witnessed. For claims submitted to the Part A MAC, occurrence code 32 and the date of the ABN is required.Modifier GX (Notice of Liability Issued, Voluntary Under Payer Policy) should be used when the beneficiary has signed an ABN, and a denial is anticipated based on provisions other than medical necessity, such as statutory exclusions of coverage or technical issues. An ABN is not required for these denials, but if non-covered services are reported with modifier GX, will automatically be denied services.The GZ modifier should be used when physicians, practitioners, or suppliers want to indicate that they expect that Medicare will deny an item or service as not reasonable and necessary and they have not had an ABN signed by the beneficiary. If the service is statutorily non-covered, or without a benefit category, submit the appropriate CPT/HCPCS code with the -GY modifier. An ABN is not required for these denials, and the limitation of liability does not apply for beneficiaries. Services with modifier GY will automatically deny.Documentation RequirementsThe patients medical record should include but is not limited to:The assessment of the patient by the ordering provider as it relates to the complaint of the patient for that visit,Relevant medical historyResults of pertinent tests/proceduresSigned and dated office visit record/operative report (Please note that all services ordered or rendered to Medicare beneficiaries must be signed.)Documentation must show that the polysomnography (95808, 95810 and 95811) was performed in a facility based sleep study laboratory and not in the home or a mobile facility.The sleep disorder clinic must have on file, in the patients record, documentation that narcolepsy symptoms are severe enough to interfere with the patients well-being and health.If more than two nights of testing are performed, documentation justifying the medical necessity for the additional test(s) must be available in the patients medical record.Documentation must show that the home sleep test (HST) (G0398, G0399 and G0400) were performed in conjunction with a comprehensive sleep evaluation and in patients with a high pretest probability of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea.The patient who undergoes a HST must receive, prior to the test, adequate instruction on how to properly apply a portable sleep monitoring device. This instruction must be provided by the provider conducting the HST.Documentation must show that the home sleep test was accomplished with a Medicare-approved device (e.g., description of channels monitored or clear indications of same included in the test report) and was performed by a physician meeting the training requirements listed in the Coverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical Necessity Section.Parameters monitored and documented:Start time and duration of day/night of study.Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, number/duration of awakenings.For tests involving sleep staging: time and percent time spent in each stage.For tests monitoring sleep latency or maintenance of wakefulness testing:latency to both Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) and Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.Individual sub-test sleep latencies, mean sleep latency and the number of REM occurrences on Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT).Respiratory patterns including type (central/obstructive/periodic), number and duration, effect on oxygenation, sleep stage/body position relationship, and response to any diagnostic and/or therapeutic maneuvers.Cardiac rate/rhythm and any effect of sleep-disordered breathing on EKG.Detailed behavioral observations.EEG or EMG abnormalities.The patient is to be referred to the clinic by the attending physician. The physicians order must be kept in the medical record.Utilization GuidelinesMore than one HST per year interval would not be expected. If more than one HST session is performed for suspected OSA, persuasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests will be required. Similarly, more than two PSG per year interval would not be expected. If more than two PSG sessions are performed for the diagnosis or adjustment of treatment of sleep, pervasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests will be required upon request. When services are performed in excess of established parameters, they may be subject to review for medical necessity.The routine use of more than one PSG to titrate CPAP therapy would not be considered reasonable and necessary. If more than one CPAP titration PSG is claimed, persuasive medical evidence justifying the medical necessity for the additional tests may be requested.95805 MSLT- includes all the naps done in a single day. Only one (1) unit of service should be submitted.