evekhm/cms_iom_3000 huggingface dataset:
Proposed LCD - Amniotic and Placental-Derived Product Injections and/or Applications for Musculoskeletal Indications, Non-Wound (DL39116)

General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliographyZakrzewski W, Dobrzynski M, Szymonowicz M, and Rybak Z. Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2019 10:68.doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5Dhillon MS, Behera P, Patel S, and Shetty V. Orthobiologics and Platelet Rich Plasma. Indian J of Orthop. 2014 Jan-Feb; 48(1):1-9.doi:10.4103/0019-5413.125477Sultan AA, Piuzzi NS, Mont MA. Nonoperative Applications of Placental Tissue Matrix in Orthopaedic Sports Injuries: A Review of Literature. Clin J Sport Med. Jul 2020;30(4):383-389. doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000684Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al. Obstetricsnormal and problem pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2007.Niknejad H, Peirovi H, Jorjani M, Ahmadiani A, Ghanavi J, Seifalian AM. Properties of the Amniotic Membrane for Potential use in Tissue Engineering. European Cells and Materials. Vol. 15 2008. Pg 88-99.doi:10.22203/ecm.v015a07Huddleston HP, Cohn MR, Haunschild ED, Wong SE, Farr J, Yanke AB. Amniotic Product Treatments: Clinical and Basic Science Evidence. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Apr;13(2):148-154. PMID: 32076938McIntyre JA, Jones IA, Danilkovich A, Vangsness CT Jr.McIntyre JA, et al. The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Am J Sports Med. 2018 Jan;46(1):234-247.
Proposed LCD - Amniotic and Placental-Derived Product Injections and/or Applications for Musculoskeletal Indications, Non-Wound (DL39118)

General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliographyZakrzewski W, Dobrzynski M, Szymonowicz M, and Rybak Z. Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2019 10:68.doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5Dhillon MS, Behera P, Patel S, and Shetty V. Orthobiologics and Platelet Rich Plasma. Indian J of Orthop. 2014 Jan-Feb; 48(1):1-9.doi:10.4103/0019-5413.125477Sultan AA, Piuzzi NS, Mont MA. Nonoperative Applications of Placental Tissue Matrix in Orthopaedic Sports Injuries: A Review of Literature. Clin J Sport Med. Jul 2020;30(4):383-389. doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000684Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al. Obstetricsnormal and problem pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2007.Niknejad H, Peirovi H, Jorjani M, Ahmadiani A, Ghanavi J, Seifalian AM. Properties of the Amniotic Membrane for Potential use in Tissue Engineering. European Cells and Materials. Vol. 15 2008. Pg 88-99.doi:10.22203/ecm.v015a07Huddleston HP, Cohn MR, Haunschild ED, Wong SE, Farr J, Yanke AB. Amniotic Product Treatments: Clinical and Basic Science Evidence. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Apr;13(2):148-154. PMID: 32076938McIntyre JA, Jones IA, Danilkovich A, Vangsness CT Jr.McIntyre JA, et al. The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Am J Sports Med. 2018 Jan;46(1):234-247.
Proposed LCD - Amniotic and Placental-Derived Product Injections and/or Applications for Musculoskeletal Indications, Non-Wound (DL39139)

General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliographyZakrzewski W, Dobrzynski M, Szymonowicz M, and Rybak Z. Stem Cells: Past, Present, and Future. Stem Cell Research & Therapy 2019 10:68.doi:10.1186/s13287-019-1165-5Dhillon MS, Behera P, Patel S, and Shetty V. Orthobiologics and Platelet Rich Plasma. Indian J of Orthop. 2014 Jan-Feb; 48(1):1-9.doi:10.4103/0019-5413.125477Sultan AA, Piuzzi NS, Mont MA. Nonoperative Applications of Placental Tissue Matrix in Orthopaedic Sports Injuries: A Review of Literature. Clin J Sport Med. Jul 2020;30(4):383-389. doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000684Gabbe SG, Niebyl JR, Simpson JL, et al. Obstetricsnormal and problem pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone; 2007.Niknejad H, Peirovi H, Jorjani M, Ahmadiani A, Ghanavi J, Seifalian AM. Properties of the Amniotic Membrane for Potential use in Tissue Engineering. European Cells and Materials. Vol. 15 2008. Pg 88-99.doi:10.22203/ecm.v015a07Huddleston HP, Cohn MR, Haunschild ED, Wong SE, Farr J, Yanke AB. Amniotic Product Treatments: Clinical and Basic Science Evidence. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2020 Apr;13(2):148-154. PMID: 32076938McIntyre JA, Jones IA, Danilkovich A, Vangsness CT Jr.McIntyre JA, et al. The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine. Am J Sports Med. 2018 Jan;46(1):234-247.
Proposed LCD - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) (DL37086)

Additional literature reviewed but not citedRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic - StimulationPosition Statement 79. 2018; https://www.ranzcp.org/news-policy/policy-and-advocacy/position-statements/repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation. Accessed Nov. 23, 2021.Hamani C, Pilitsis J, Rughani AI, et al. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and evidence-based guideline sponsored by the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) and endorsed by the CNS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(4):327-333; quiz 333.Reddy JYC, Sundar AS, Narayanaswamy JC, Math SB. Clinical practice guidelines for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017;59(Suppl 1):S74-S90.Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Obessive-Compulsive Disorder. 2007; https://psychiatryonline.org/guidelines. Accessed Nov. 24, 2021.Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen MJBp. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. 2014;14(1):1-83.Rossi S, Antal A, Bestmann S, et al. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical Neurophysiology. 2021;132(1):269-306.Allan CL, Herrmann LL, Ebmeier KP. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Management of Mood Disorders.Neuropsychobiology. 2011;64(3)163-9.
Proposed LCD - Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) (DL37088)

Additional literature reviewed but not citedRepetitive Transcranial Magnetic - StimulationPosition Statement 79. 2018; https://www.ranzcp.org/news-policy/policy-and-advocacy/position-statements/repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation. Accessed Nov. 23, 2021.Hamani C, Pilitsis J, Rughani AI, et al. Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: systematic review and evidence-based guideline sponsored by the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) and endorsed by the CNS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(4):327-333; quiz 333.Reddy JYC, Sundar AS, Narayanaswamy JC, Math SB. Clinical practice guidelines for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Indian J Psychiatry. 2017;59(Suppl 1):S74-S90.Koran LM, Hanna GL, Hollander E, Nestadt G, Simpson HB. Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients with Obessive-Compulsive Disorder. 2007; https://psychiatryonline.org/guidelines. Accessed Nov. 24, 2021.Katzman MA, Bleau P, Blier P, Chokka P, Kjernisted K, Van Ameringen MJBp. Canadian clinical practice guidelines for the management of anxiety, posttraumatic stress and obsessive-compulsive disorders. 2014;14(1):1-83.Rossi S, Antal A, Bestmann S, et al. Safety and recommendations for TMS use in healthy subjects and patient populations, with updates on training, ethical and regulatory issues: Expert Guidelines.Clinical Neurophysiology. 2021;132(1):269-306.Allan CL, Herrmann LL, Ebmeier KP. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Management of Mood Disorders.Neuropsychobiology. 2011;64(3)163-9.
Proposed LCD - Urine Drug Testing (DL36029)

Additional literature reviewed but not citedMichna, E. et al. Urine toxicology screening among chronic pain patients of opioid therapy: frequency and predictability of abnormal findings. Clin J Pain. 2007;23(2):173-179.Barthwell, A. Principles for Urine DRUG TESTING in Addiction Medicine. CLAAD June 23, 2014.Centers for Disease Control: Policy Impact: Prescription Painkiller Overdose Deaths. July 2013.Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement (ICSI). Guideline for the assessment and management of chronic pain. November 2011.Jackman RP, Purvis JM. Chronic nonmalignant pain in primary care.American Family Physician.2008; 78(10):1155-1162.Jamison RN, Ross EL, Michna E, Chen LQ, Holcomb C, Wasan AD. Substance misuse treatment for high-risk chronic pain patients on opioid therapy: a randomized trial.Pain.2010; 150(3):390-400.Jones T, Moore T, et al. A comparison of various risk screening methods in predicting discharge from opioid treatment.Clin J Pain.2012;28(2):93-100.University of Washington, Division of Pain Medicine, Urine DRUG TESTING Interpretive Algorithm for Monitoring Opioid Treatment (adapted from the Washington Agency Medical Directors Group Opioid Treatment Guidelines 2010).Trescot AM, Standiford H. Opioids in the management of chronic non-cancer pain: an update on American Society of the Interventional Pain Physicians' (ASIPP) guidelines.AFP.2008;11:S5-S61.Jones T, Moore TM. Preliminary data on a new risk assessment tool: the brief risk interview.Journal of Opioid Management.2013; 9(1):19-27.Jones T, Moore TM, Levy J, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of various risk screening methods for patients receiving opioids for chronic pain management.Clinical Journal of Pain.2012; 28(2):93-100.Jones T, Passik SD. A comparison of methods of administering the opioid risk tool.Journal of Opioid Management.2011; 7(5): 347-352.Mallya A., Purnell AL, Svrakic DM, et al. Witnesses versus unwitnessed random urine tests in the treatment of opioid dependence.Am J Addict.2013; 22(2):175-177.Moore TM, Jones T, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of common screening methods for predicting aberrant drug-related behavior among patients receiving opioids of chronic pain management.Pain Medicine.2009; 10(8):1426-1433.Nafziger AN, Bertino JS. Utility and application of urine drug testing in chronic pain management with opioids.Clin J Pain.2009;25(1)73-79.Nicholson B, Passik S. Management of chronic non-cancer pain in the primary care setting.SMJ. 2007;100(10):1028-1034.Passik S, Jones T. Risk assessment 2.0.PainWeek Journal. 2013; 1(3): 5-9.Reisfield GM, Wasan AD, Jamison RN. The prevalence and significance of cannabis uses in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature.Pain Med. 2009; 10(8):1434-1441.Schneider J, Miller A. Urine drug tests in a private chronic pain practice.PPM.January/February 2008.
Proposed LCD - Urine Drug Testing (DL36668)

Jones T, Moore TM, Levy J, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of various risk screening methods for patients receiving opioids for chronic pain management.Clinical Journal of Pain.2012; 28(2):93-100.Jones T, Passik SD. A comparison of methods of administering the opioid risk tool.Journal of Opioid Management.2011; 7(5): 347-352.Mallya A., Purnell AL, Svrakic DM, et al. Witnesses versus unwitnessed random urine tests in the treatment of opioid dependence.Am J Addict.2013; 22(2):175-177.Moore TM, Jones T, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of common screening methods for predicting aberrant drug-related behavior among patients receiving opioids of chronic pain management.Pain Medicine.2009; 10(8):1426-1433.Nafziger AN, Bertino JS. Utility and application of urine drug testing in chronic pain management with opioids.Clin J Pain.2009;25(1)73-79.Nicholson B, Passik S. Management of chronic non-cancer pain in the primary care setting.SMJ. 2007;100(10):1028-1034.Passik S, Jones T. Risk assessment 2.0.PainWeek Journal. 2013; 1(3): 5-9.Reisfield GM, Wasan AD, Jamison RN. The prevalence and significance of cannabis uses in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature.Pain Med. 2009; 10(8):1434-1441.Schneider J, Miller A. Urine drug tests in a private chronic pain practice.PPM.January/February 2008.
Proposed LCD - Urine Drug Testing (DL36707)

Jones T, Moore TM, Levy J, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of various risk screening methods for patients receiving opioids for chronic pain management.Clinical Journal of Pain.2012; 28(2):93-100.Jones T, Passik SD. A comparison of methods of administering the opioid risk tool.Journal of Opioid Management.2011; 7(5): 347-352.Mallya A., Purnell AL, Svrakic DM, et al. Witnesses versus unwitnessed random urine tests in the treatment of opioid dependence.Am J Addict.2013; 22(2):175-177.Moore TM, Jones T, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of common screening methods for predicting aberrant drug-related behavior among patients receiving opioids of chronic pain management.Pain Medicine.2009; 10(8):1426-1433.Nafziger AN, Bertino JS. Utility and application of urine drug testing in chronic pain management with opioids.Clin J Pain.2009;25(1)73-79.Nicholson B, Passik S. Management of chronic non-cancer pain in the primary care setting.SMJ. 2007;100(10):1028-1034.Passik S, Jones T. Risk assessment 2.0.PainWeek Journal. 2013; 1(3): 5-9.Reisfield GM, Wasan AD, Jamison RN. The prevalence and significance of cannabis uses in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature.Pain Med. 2009; 10(8):1434-1441.Schneider J, Miller A. Urine drug tests in a private chronic pain practice.PPM.January/February 2008.
Proposed LCD - Urine Drug Testing (DL39611)

Jones T, Moore TM, Levy J, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of various risk screening methods for patients receiving opioids for chronic pain management.Clinical Journal of Pain.2012; 28(2):93-100.Jones T, Passik SD. A comparison of methods of administering the opioid risk tool.Journal of Opioid Management.2011; 7(5): 347-352.Mallya A., Purnell AL, Svrakic DM, et al. Witnesses versus unwitnessed random urine tests in the treatment of opioid dependence.Am J Addict.2013; 22(2):175-177.Moore TM, Jones T, Browder JH, Daffron S, Passik SD. A comparison of common screening methods for predicting aberrant drug-related behavior among patients receiving opioids of chronic pain management.Pain Medicine.2009; 10(8):1426-1433.Nafziger AN, Bertino JS. Utility and application of urine drug testing in chronic pain management with opioids.Clin J Pain.2009;25(1)73-79.Nicholson B, Passik S. Management of chronic non-cancer pain in the primary care setting.SMJ. 2007;100(10):1028-1034.Passik S, Jones T. Risk assessment 2.0.PainWeek Journal. 2013; 1(3): 5-9.Reisfield GM, Wasan AD, Jamison RN. The prevalence and significance of cannabis uses in patients prescribed chronic opioid therapy: a review of the extant literature.Pain Med. 2009; 10(8):1434-1441.Schneider J, Miller A. Urine drug tests in a private chronic pain practice.PPM.January/February 2008.
Proposed LCD - MolDX: Gene Expression Profile Tests for Decision-Making in Castration Resistant and Metastatic Prostate Cancers (DL39648)

Kumar A, Coleman I, Morrissey C, et al. Substantial interindividual and limited intraindividual genomic diversity among tumors from men with metastatic prostate cancer.Nat Med. 2016;22(4):369-378. doi:10.1038/nm.4053Aryee MJ, Liu W, Engelmann JC, et al. DNA methylation alterations exhibit intraindividual stability and interindividual heterogeneity in prostate cancer metastases.Sci Transl Med. 2013;5(169):169ra10. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3005211Liu W, Laitinen S, Khan S, et al. Copy number analysis indicates monoclonal origin of lethal metastatic prostate.Nat Med. 2009;15(5):559-565. doi:10.1038/nm.1944Sathianathen NJ, Philippou YA, Kuntz GM, et al. Taxane-based chemohormonal therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018;10(10):CD012816.Nowakowska MK, Ortega RM, Wehner MR, Nead KT. Association of second-generation antiandrogens with cognitive and functional toxic effects in randomized clinical trials: a systematic review and meta-analysis [published online ahead of print, 2023 May 25].JAMA Oncol. 2023;e230998. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.0998Fizazi K, Foulon S, Carles J, et al. Abiraterone plus prednisone added to androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel in de novo metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (PEACE-1): a multicentre, open-label, randomised, phase 3 study with a 22 factorial design.Lancet. 2022;399(10336):1695-1707. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(22)00367-1Smith MR, Hussain M, Saad F, et al. Darolutamide and survival in metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.N Engl J Med. 2022;386(12):1132-1142. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2119115Riaz IB, Naqvi SAA, He H, et al. First-line systemic treatment options for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: a living systematic review and network meta-analysis.JAMA Oncol. 2023;9(5):635-645. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.7762Hoeh B, Garcia CC, Wenzel M, et al. Triplet or doublet therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: updated network meta-analysis stratified by disease volume [published online ahead of print, 2023 Apr 11].Eur Urol Focus. 2023;S2405-4569(23)00094-9. doi:10.1016/j.euf.2023.03.024Ramaswamy A, Proudfoot JA, Ross AE, Davicioni E, Schaeffer EM, Hu JC. Prostate cancer tumor volume and genomic risk.Eur Urol Open Sci. 2023;48:90-97.Thysell E, Khn L, Semenas J, et al. Clinical and biological relevance of the transcriptomic-based prostate cancer metastasis subtypes MetA-C.Mol Oncol. 2022;16(4):846-859. doi:10.1002/1878-0261.13158Sutera P, Deek MP, Van der Eecken K, et al. Genomic biomarkers to guide precision radiotherapy in prostate cancer.Prostate. 2022;82 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):S73-S85. doi:10.1002/pros.24373
Proposed LCD - MolDX: Molecular Testing for Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules (DL39650)

CMS National Coverage PolicyTitle XVIII of the Social Security Act, 1862(a)(1)(A) allows coverage and payment for only those services that are considered to be reasonable and necessary.42 CFR 410.32(a) Diagnostic x-ray tests, diagnostic laboratory tests, and other diagnostic tests: ConditionsCMS Internet-Only Manual, Pub. 100-02, Medicare Policy Manual, Chapter 15, 80 Requirements for Diagnostic X-Ray, Diagnostic Laboratory, and Other Diagnostic Tests, 80.1.1 Certification ChangesCoverage Indications, Limitations, and/or Medical NecessityThis contractor will cover molecular diagnostic tests for use in a beneficiary with an indeterminate or suspicious thyroid nodule when all the following criteria are met:The patient:Has not been tested with the same or similar assay for the same clinical indication AND:Has an indeterminate thyroid nodule as defined by Bethesda categories III-IV ORHas a Bethesda category V nodule for which molecular testing may aid in further stratifying the type of malignancy.The results of the test will be used to aid in surgical decision making after a consideration of clinical, radiographic and cytologic features.The beneficiary is within the population and has the indication for which the test was developed. The laboratory providing the test is responsible for clearly indicating to treating clinicians the population and indication for test use.The test demonstrates analytical validity, including both analytical and clinical validation, on a cohort of patients appropriate for its intended use. If the test relies on an algorithm, the algorithm must be validated in a cohort that is not a development cohort for the algorithm.The test has demonstrated clinical validity and utility in peer-reviewed, published literature, establishing a clear and significant biological/molecular basis for stratifying patients and subsequently selecting (either positively or negatively) a clinical management decision in a clearly defined population.The test successfully completes a technical assessment that ensures the test is reasonable and necessary as described above.The performance characteristics of the test have been demonstrated to be as good or better than currently covered services.NOTE: Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) performed to identify genetic variants in samples classified as malignant is not within the scope of this policy but may fall under other established policies.General InformationAssociated InformationN/ASources of InformationN/ABibliography
Proposed LCD - MolDX: Molecular Testing for Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules (DL39650)

Marcadis AR, Valderrabano P, Ho AS, et al. Interinstitutional variation in predictive value of the ThyroSeq v2 genomic classifier for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.Surgery. 2019;165(1):17-24. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2018.04.062Taye A, Gurciullo D, Miles BA, et al. Clinical performance of a next-generation sequencing assay (ThyroSeq v2) in the evaluation of indeterminate thyroid nodules.Surgery. 2018;163(1):97-103. doi:10.1016/j.surg.2017.07.032Valderrabano P, Khazai L, Leon ME, et al. Evaluation of ThyroSeq v2 performance in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology.Endocr Relat Cancer. 2017;24(3):127-136. doi:10.1530/ERC-16-0512Patel KN, Angell TE, Babiarz J, et al. Performance of a genomic sequencing classifier for the preoperative diagnosis of cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules.JAMA Surg. 2018;153(9):817-824. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2018.1153Nikiforova MN, Mercurio S, Wald AI, et al. Analytical performance of the ThyroSeq v3 genomic classifier for cancer diagnosis in thyroid nodules.Cancer. 15 2018;124(8):1682-1690. doi:10.1002/cncr.31245Lee E, Terhaar S, McDaniel L, et al. Diagnostic performance of the second-generation molecular tests in the assessment of indeterminate thyroid nodules: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Am J Otolaryngol. 2022;43(3):103394. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2022.103394Patel J, Klopper J, Cottrill EE. Molecular diagnostics in the evaluation of thyroid nodules: Current use and prospective opportunities.Front Endocrinol(Lausanne).2023;14:1101410. doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1101410Livhits MJ, Zhu CY, Kuo EJ, et al. Effectiveness of molecular testing techniques for diagnosis of indeterminate thyroid nodules: a randomized clinical trial.JAMA Oncol. 2021;7(1):70-77. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5935Kim NE, Raghunathan RS, Hughes EG, et al. Bethesda III and IV thyroid nodules managed nonoperatively after molecular testing with Afirma GSC or Thyroseq v3.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023; dgad181. doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad181Kim M, Kim BH. Current guidelines for management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2021;36(3):514-524. doi:10.3803/EnM.2021.1082Tao Y, Wang F, Shen X, et al. BRAF V600E status sharply differentiates lymph node metastasis-associated mortality risk in papillary thyroid cancer.J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021;106(11):3228-3238.Wells SA, Jr., Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma.Thyroid. 2015;25(6):567-610.Yip L. Molecular markers for thyroid cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.J Surg Oncol. 2015;111(1):43-50.Najafian A, Noureldine S, Azar F, et al. RAS Mutations, and RET/PTC and PAX8/PPAR-gamma chromosomal rearrangements are also prevalent in benign thyroid lesions: implications thereof and a systematic review.Thyroid. 2017;27(1):39-48.Guan H, Toraldo G,.Thyroid. 2020;30(4):536-547.Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Guidelines for the Definitive Surgical Management of Thyroid Disease in Adults.Ann Surg. 2020;271(3):e21-e93.