

IR-2019-159, September 26, 2019
WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service today released a new set of tax gap estimates on tax years 2011, 2012 and 2013. The results show the nation's tax compliance rate is substantially unchanged from prior years.
The gross tax gap is the difference between true tax liability for a given period and the amount of tax that is paid on time.
"Voluntary compliance is the bedrock of our tax system, and it's important it is holding steady," said IRS Commissioner Chuck Rettig. "Tax gap estimates help policy makers and the IRS in identifying where noncompliance is most prevalent. The results also underscore that both solid taxpayer service and effective enforcement are needed for the best possible tax administration."
The average gross tax gap was estimated at $441 billion per year based on data from tax years 2011, 2012 and 2013. After late payments and enforcement efforts were factored in, the net tax gap was estimated at $381 billion.
The tax gap estimates translate to about 83.6%, of taxes paid voluntarily and on time, which is in line with recent levels. The new estimate is essentially unchanged from a revised Tax Year 2008-2010 estimate of 83.8%. After enforcement efforts are taken into account, the estimated share of taxes eventually paid is 85.8% for both periods. And it is line with the TY 2001 estimate of 83.7% and the TY 2006 estimate of 82.3%.
The IRS will continue to vigorously pursue those that are not compliant. The IRS currently collects more than $3 trillion annually in taxes, penalties, interest and user fees.
The voluntary compliance rate of the U.S. tax system is vitally important for our nation. A one-percentage-point increase in voluntary compliance would bring in about $30 billion in additional tax receipts.
Tax Gap studies through the years have consistently demonstrated that third-party reporting significantly raises voluntary compliance. And compliance rises even higher when income payments are also subject to withholding. The IRS also has an array of other programs aimed at supporting accurate tax filing and helping address the tax gap. These range from working with businesses and partner groups to a variety of education and outreach efforts.
The tax gap estimates are a helpful guide to the historical scale of tax compliance and to the persisting sources of low compliance.
"Maintaining the highest possible voluntary compliance rate also helps ensure that taxpayers believe our system is fair," Rettig said. "The vast majority of taxpayers strive to pay what they owe on time. Those who do not pay their fair share ultimately shift the tax burden to those people who properly meet their tax obligations. The IRS will continue to direct our resources to help educate taxpayers about the tax requirements under the law while also focusing on pursuing those who skirt their responsibilities."
Additional Resources:
FS-2019-11, September 2019: Understanding the latest Tax Gap estimates and overall taxpayer compliance
Federal Tax Compliance Research: Tax Gap Estimates for Tax Years 2011–2013 (Publication 1415)PDF
Tax Gap Executive Summary (Publication 5364)PDF
Tax Gap Map (Publication 5365)PDF


