ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Effect of Medicaid Expansions on Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care among Low‐Income Adults with Behavioral Health Conditions

ObjectiveTo examine the effect of Medicaid expansions on health insurance coverage and access to care among low‐income adults with behavioral health conditions.Data Sources/Study SettingNine years (2004–2012) of individual‐level cross‐sectional data from a restricted‐access version of National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Study DesignA quasi‐experimental difference‐in‐differences design comparing outcomes among residents in 14 states that implemented Medicaid expansions for low‐income adults under the Section §1115 waiver with those residing in the rest of the country.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsThe analytic sample includes low‐income adult respondents with household incomes below 200 percent of the federal poverty level who have a behavioral health condition: approximately 28,400 low‐income adults have past‐year serious psychological distress and 24,900 low‐income adults have a past‐year substance use disorder (SUD).Principal FindingsAmong low‐income adults with behavioral health conditions, Medicaid expansions were associated with a reduction in the rate of uninsurance (p &lt; .05), a reduction in the probability of perceiving an unmet need for mental health (MH) treatment (p &lt; .05) and for SUD treatment (p &lt; .05), as well as an increase in the probability of receiving MH treatment (p &lt; .01).ConclusionsThe ongoing implementation of Medicaid expansions has the potential to improve health insurance coverage and access to care for low‐income adults with behavioral health conditions.
A Systematic Roadmap on Privacy, Security, Trust, Identity Management, and Resilience: Wireless Sensor Networks and Internet of Things Architectures

As everything around us will be linked to the net in many ways via the Internet of Things (IoTs) and compared to the standard Internet, new forms of problems and complications can arise. Huge IoTs experiments are currently under way, most of which concern its sight, supporting technology, software, or facilities. Recently, a limited studies have comprehensively defined the security requirements such as privacy concerns, security, and trusting in the IoTs that are deemed special to the future net, these terms need to be discussed and addressed via numerous scholars and research groups as well. This article surveyed through 102 references from popular literature databases to explore the features\ properties that define the distinctive IoT relating to forthcoming privacy, security and trust issues. Then created security requirements that were triggered by the mentioned properties. This article examined the privacy, security, trust and resilience components of the three most popular IoT architectures in consideration of the requirements as well. Also, this survey contributed to the state-of-the-art security issues for embedded devices in Internet of Things world including provide a comparative table of well-known secure routing protocols and their countermeasures to well-known attacks on Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) structure of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) within Internet of Things world. Finally, this survey identifies a number of study gaps that will serve as the foundation for future research.
Expanding the Definition of "Planetary Protection": Ethical Space Exploration from an Environmental and Socio-Cultural Perspective

For several decades, scientists have been voicing concern over "planetary protection" (PP). To an outside observer unaware of this term's nuances, the phrase could easily be taken to include problems related to environmentalism, such as preservation of the natural landscape and natural resources. Instead, the term, as it is used today, refers only to practices intended to minimize biological contamination – of the Earth by extraterrestrial life, and vice-versa. The emergence, on the one hand, of private industries interested in exploiting space-based resources (e.g., mining the Moon for 3He) and the growth, on the other hand, of broad public support for environmental protections here on Earth, together suggest that the time is ripe to re-consider the full range of possible impacts caused by human activity in space be-fore irreparable harm is caused to the cosmic environment. This paper aims to unpack the concept of planetary protection, identifying its primary limitations and addressing these shortcomings through cross-fertilization with literature concerning sustainable development [1]. The final result is a proposal for a broader definition of PP. This reconceptualization is useful for framing new space policies, strategic plans, and programs in a manner that anticipates the future challenges of space exploration within a context of competing interests.
Toward Sustainable Metal‐Iodine Batteries: Materials, Electrochemistry and Design Strategies

Abstract                   Due to the natural abundance of iodine, cost‐effective, and sustainability, metal‐iodine batteries are competitive for the next‐generation energy storage systems with high energy density, and large power density. However, the inherent properties of iodine such as electronic insulation and shuttle behavior of soluble iodine species affect negatively rate performance, cyclability, and self‐discharge behavior of metal‐iodine batteries, while the dendrite growth and metal corrosion on the anode side brings potential safety hazards and inferior durability. These problems of metal‐iodine system still exist and need to be solved urgently. Herein, we summarize the research progress of metal‐iodine batteries in the past decades. Firstly, the classification, design strategy and reaction mechanism of iodine electrode are briefly outlined. Secondly, the current development and protection strategy of conventional metal anodes in metal‐iodine batteries are highlighted, and some potential anode materials and their design strategies are proposed. Thirdly, the key electrochemical parameters of state‐of‐art metal‐iodine batteries are compared and analyzed to solve critical issues for realizing next‐generation iodine‐based energy storage systems. Therefore, the aim of this review is to promote the development of metal‐iodine batteries and provide guidelines for their design.
A combined fit of energy spectrum, shower depth distributions, and arrival directions of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays measured at the Pierre Auger Observatory

Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
Access, Choices, and Household Income: A Comparison of Health Insurance Coverage for Standard and Nonstandard Workers

(2000). Access, Choices, and Household Income: A Comparison of Health Insurance Coverage for Standard and Nonstandard Workers. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 34, Papers From The 2000 Afee Meeting, pp. 499-508.
Constraints on the coupled quintessence from cosmic microwave background anisotropy and matter power spectrum

We discuss the evolution of linear perturbations in a quintessence model in which the scalar field is non-minimally coupled to cold dark matter. We consider the effects of this coupling on both cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropies and matter perturbations. Due to the modification of the scale of cold dark matter as $ρ_{c} = ρ_{c}^{(0)} a^{-3 + ξ}$, we can shift the turnover in the matter power spectrum even without changing the present energy densities of matter and radiation. This can be used to constrain the strength of the coupling. We find that the phenomenology of this model is consistent with current observations up to the coupling power $n_{c} \leq 0.01$ while adopting the current parameters measured by WMAP. Upcoming cosmic microwave background observations continuing to focus on resolving the higher peaks may put strong constraints on the strength of the coupling.
SDSS-IV MaNGA PyMorph Photometric and Deep Learning Morphological Catalogs and implications for bulge properties and stellar angular momentum

We describe the SDSS-IV MaNGA PyMorph Photometric (MPP-VAC) and MaNGA Deep Learning Morphology (MDLM-VAC) Value Added Catalogs. The MPP-VAC provides photometric parameters from Sérsic and Sérsic+Exponential fits to the 2D surface brightness profiles of the MaNGA DR15 galaxy sample. Compared to previous PyMorph analyses of SDSS imaging, our analysis of the MaNGA DR15 incorporates three improvements: the most recent SDSS images; modified criteria for determining bulge-to-disk decompositions; and the fits in MPP-VAC have been eye-balled, and re-fit if necessary, for additional reliability. A companion catalog, the MDLM-VAC, provides Deep Learning-based morphological classifications for the same galaxies. The MDLM-VAC includes a number of morphological properties (e.g., a TType, and a finer separation between elliptical and S0 galaxies). Combining the MPP- and MDLM-VACs allows to show that the MDLM morphological classifications are more reliable than previous work. It also shows that single-Sérsic fits to late- and early-type galaxies are likely to return Sérsic indices of $n \le 2$ and $\ge 4$, respectively, and this correlation between $n$ and morphology extends to the bulge component as well. While the former is well-known, the latter contradicts some recent work suggesting little correlation between $n$-bulge and morphology. Combining both VACs with MaNGA's spatially resolved spectroscopy allows us to study how the stellar angular momentum depends on morphological type. We find correlations between stellar kinematics, photometric properties, and morphological type even though the spectroscopic data played no role in the construction of the MPP- and MDLM-VACs.
Systematic Literature Review of The Use of Music Information Retrieval in Music Genre Classification

Emphasizing deep learning models such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), this article explores the application of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) techniques in music genre categorization. These algorithms outperform traditional methods in capturing complex audio patterns, showcasing their potential in advancing music classification tasks. Accurate genre classification critically depends on key features such as spectral, temporal, and timbral characteristics, which play a pivotal role in distinguishing musical styles. However, the performance of these models is heavily influenced by the quality and diversity of the training datasets. Additionally, challenges like model interpretability and reliance on large datasets are addressed. This research utilized a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to investigate the capabilities of advanced MIR techniques in enhancing music categorization systems, particularly for educational applications and personalized music recommendations. The findings reveal that analyzing the importance of spectral, temporal, and timbral features—key components of MIR—can significantly boost the accuracy and reliability of music genre classification.
Participatory design of a 3D-printed furniture concept for learning spaces : A study of large-scale additive manufacturing opportunities and limitations

Today, learning spaces are stuck in the industrial age with rows of desks and chairs. Differentiated teaching and personalised learning are not effective in traditional learning spaces and should focus on creating future classrooms (Kariippanon, 2017). This thesis is covering how furnishing for learning environments can be improved and designed through a participatory design process with Katedralskolan in Växjö by using recycled materials and additive manufacturing technology. The thesis is also exploring the opportunities of involving stakeholders to create new learning through the additive manufacturing process in interior and furniture design. Together with Katedralskolan and Sculptur, this project is exploring a concept for schools to have integrated education in interior design through semiotics that will contribute to students’ learning and explore large-scale additive manufacturing. The objective is to design a collection of interior products that will inform and communicate at an educational level and how a circular manufacturing technique is possible through 3D-printing using communicating design and semiotics. The aim is also to understand Sculptur’s product development- and manufacturing process through large-scale 3D-printing. The mission statement whereas follows: Develop a furniture concept based on an understanding of the needs of, and participation with, the user group in a co-design process as a case to study the large-scale additive manufacturing techniques together with the given conditions provided by Sculptur. The thesis process has been following an iterative design process called the design thinking process (The Interaction Design Foundation, 2021) and a co-designing process (Sanders, 2018). The design thinking process is a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. The five stages of Design Thinking are as follows: Empathise, Define, Ideate, Prototype, Test. Through studies, surveys, and observations a list of stakeholder needs was created and was used when developing ideas through workshops, drawings, and prototyping. The ideas were then developed into concepts that were tested through both desktop 3D-printing and large-scale additive manufacturing. The concepts were also evaluated by stakeholders as well as through a concept evaluating matrix (Wikberg N., et.al., 2015). The result of this master thesis is the conclusion of the furniture concept as well as the study of large-scale additive manufacturing as an industrial designer. The furniture concept “Unfold lounge chair” is based on stakeholder needs and manufacturing restrictions. It is also an attempt to use theory to make the next generation of pedagogical furnishings using sustainable and circular manufacturing techniques. Through design thinking, the master thesis result was created with a human-centred approach to integrate the needs of people, the possibilities of technology and the requirements for business success (IDEO, n.d.).
Data-Driven and Sustainable Transportation Route Optimization in Green Logistics Supply Chain

In the green logistics supply chain, transportation route optimization faces urgent problems such as high energy consumption and environmental pollution. This paper aims to achieve sustainable optimization of transportation routes through a data-driven approach. First, a large amount of transportation-related data is collected, including vehicle operation information, cargo characteristics, road conditions and meteorological factors. Big data analysis technology is used to clean and extract features from the data, and a transportation demand forecasting model is constructed. Then, a new optimization model is designed using the particle swarm optimization algorithm, with the goal of minimizing transportation costs and carbon dioxide emissions. In actual application cases, by optimizing the transportation routes of a logistics company, the results showed that the lowest transportation cost was 1,512 dollars and the lowest carbon dioxide emissions were 1.2 tons. Data-driven transportation route optimization not only improves logistics efficiency, but also promotes environmental sustainable development.
Towards integrated pest management of cocoa black pod disease in Sierra Leone: host genetic diversity, agroforestry systems, and biological control

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is a key agricultural commodity in West Africa, which produces approximately 70 % of global cocoa. In Sierra Leone, cocoa provides vital income for smallholder farmers, but productivity is constrained by with diseases such as cocoa black pod disease (CBPD) caused by Phytophthora species. Accurate genetic identification is essential for effective resistance breeding programs, conservation efforts, and distribution of true-to-type planting materials to farmers. This thesis takes an integrated approach to management of CBPD combining an investigation into the genetic diversity of T. cacao, a survey of the agroforestry approaches used by farmers and testing of biological control solutions for sustainable CBPD control in Sierra Leone. Genetic characterization of cacao germplasm reveals substantial variability within populations, with most variation occurring within rather than between accessions. CBPD prevalence across Sierra Leone's cacaogrowing regions is strongly influenced by agroforestry system design. Dense shade and high canopy cover increase disease incidence through elevated humidity and reduced airflow, while greater tree-species diversity modestly reduces disease occurrence. Field applications of the biological control agent Trichoderma atroviride reduce CBDP incidence and increase yield, offering a promising sustainable alternative to the use of synthetic pesticides. The holistic approach taken in this thesis addresses key production constraints while promoting resilience and environmental sustainability in smallholder cacao systems.
Valve: Securing Function Workflows on Serverless Computing Platforms

Serverless Computing has quickly emerged as a dominant cloud computing paradigm, allowing developers to rapidly prototype event-driven applications using a composition of small functions that each perform a single logical task. However, many such application workflows are based in part on publicly-available functions developed by third-parties, creating the potential for functions to behave in unexpected, or even malicious, ways. At present, developers are not in total control of where and how their data is flowing, creating significant security and privacy risks in growth markets that have embraced serverless (e.g., IoT).  As a practical means of addressing this problem, we present Valve, a serverless platform that enables developers to exert complete fine-grained control of information flows in their applications. Valve enables workflow developers to reason about function behaviors, and specify restrictions, through auditing of network-layer information flows. By proxying network requests and propagating taint labels across network flows, Valve is able to restrict function behavior without code modification. We demonstrate that Valve is able defend against known serverless attack behaviors including container reuse-based persistence and data exfiltration over cloud platform APIs with less than 2.8% runtime overhead, 6.25% deployment overhead and 2.35% teardown overhead.
Defining and computing Hausdorff distances between distributions on the real line and on the circle: link between optimal transport and morphological dilations

Abstract                Comparing probability or possibility distributions is important in many fields of information processing under uncertainty. In this paper we address the question of defining and computing Hausdorff distances between distributions in a general sense. We propose several dilations of distributions, and exhibit some links between Lévy-Prokhorov distances and dilation-based distances. In particular, mathematical morphology provides an elegant way to deal with periodic distributions. The case of possibility distributions is addressed using fuzzy mathematical morphology. As an illustration, the proposed approaches are applied to the comparison of spatial relations between objects in an image or a video sequence, when these relations are represented as distributions.
Health-related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea – a systematic review update assessing the quality of measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures

Abstract                                        Purpose                     The purpose of this systematic review update was to identify existing health-related quality of life (HRQOL) patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Building upon a 2016 systematic review, which recommended four PROMs with the highest evidence, this investigation was warranted to synthesize new evidence and evaluate new PROMs that have emerged since then via the Consensus based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN).                                                           Methods                     We searched Medline via PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library for HRQOL PROM development and validation studies published in English or German. Studies focusing on cross-cultural validation, those in which PROMs were assessed as secondary outcomes, and studies limited to specific demographic subgroups or single HRQOL domains were excluded. For risk of bias and quality of measurement properties (MP) assessment, we used the COSMIN methodology to facilitate comparability with the previous review, as well as the GRADE approach for evidence level evaluation.                                                           Results                     We identified two new PROMs, the Patient-Reported Apnea Questionnaire (PRAQ) and the Symptoms, Tiredness, Alertness, Mood and Psychosocial instrument (STAMP), which were validated in two studies and a single study, respectively. Overall, the PRAQ displays an moderate risk of bias with excellent quality of MP and high evidence for content validity in particular, whereas the STAMP shows a higher risk of bias and low quality of MP.                                                           Conclusion                     The PRAQ has demonstrated the strongest evidence among PROMs since 2016. In total, including the previous review, five PROMs are currently recommended for assessing HRQOL in individuals with OSA.                                                           Review registration                     The review was registered with PROSPERO under the registration number CRD42024602020.
Assessing the mechanisms and framework of implementation of decisions of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights fifteen years later

Fifteen years after inception offers the best time to assess the mechanisms and framework of implementing decisions of the African Court. Yet, within this time, of the ten member states that have made a declaration under article 34(6) of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of the African Court (The African Court Protocol), four have withdrawn their declaration amidst a general decline of states’ trust in the Court. This has adverse implications on the implementation of the Court’s decisions and the creation of a general culture of human rights on the continent. This is particularly so in light of the fact that the origin of majority of applications before the Court originate from individuals enabled under this declaration. The involvement of the AU policy organs (the Assembly and the Executive Council) and member states has the potential to further compound the challenges facing the question of implementation of the Court’s decisions. This chapter offers a critique of the effectiveness or otherwise of the implementation process of the African Court decisions as well as the challenges impeding effective implementation.