ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Gene and RNA Editing: Methods, Enabling Technologies, Applications, and Future Directions

Gene and RNA editing methods, technologies, and applications are emerging as innovative forms of therapy and medicine, offering more efficient implementation compared to traditional pharmaceutical treatments. Current trends emphasize the urgent need for advanced methods and technologies to detect public health threats, including diseases and viral agents. Gene and RNA editing techniques enhance the ability to identify, modify, and ameliorate the effects of genetic diseases, disorders, and disabilities. Viral detection and identification methods present numerous opportunities for enabling technologies, such as CRISPR, applicable to both RNA and gene editing through the use of specific Cas proteins. This article explores the distinctions and benefits of RNA and gene editing processes, emphasizing their contributions to the future of medical treatment. CRISPR technology, particularly its adaptation via the Cas13 protein for RNA editing, is a significant advancement in gene editing. The article will delve into RNA and gene editing methodologies, focusing on techniques that alter and modify genetic coding. A-to-I and C-to-U editing are currently the most predominant methods of RNA modification. CRISPR stands out as the most cost-effective and customizable technology for both RNA and gene editing. Unlike permanent changes induced by cutting an individual's DNA genetic code, RNA editing offers temporary modifications by altering nucleoside bases in RNA strands, which can then attach to DNA strands as temporary modifiers.
An Area IF-Defuzzification Technique and Intuitionistic Fuzzy Reliability Assessment of Nuclear Basic Events of Fault Tree Analysis

In many areas such as nuclear engineering, quantitative historical failure data are unavailable or inadequate to access the nuclear event reliability data and only qualitative data such as expert opinions can be utilized. In this paper, qualitative data are mathematically represented by membership and non-membership functions of intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFNs) instead of fuzzy numbers. The objective of this research is to develop a novel area IF-defuzzification technique for IFNs and to assess nuclear event reliability data from their corresponding failure possibilities described in linguistic terms and expressed mathematically in term of IFNs. The proposed area IF-defuzzification technique is justified by defining five intuitionistic fuzzy rules. The reliability data computed from the proposed technique is then compared with the actual event reliability data collected from the operational experiences of the reactor protection system in Babcock & Wilcox pressurized water reactor between 1984 and 1998.
Additional file 2 of Photovoltaics in agricultural landscapes: “Industrial land use” or a “real compromise” between renewable energy and biodiversity? Perspectives of German nature conservation associations

Additional file 2: Characteristics of interviewees.
Advancing AutoML: A Deep Dive into Neural Architecture Search (NAS) and Its Optimization Techniques

Abstract: Neural Architecture Search (NAS) is a pivotal technique in the field of automated machine learning (AutoML), enabling the automatic design of optimal neural network architectures. As deep learning models grow in complexity, NAS offers a scalable approach to improving model performance by exploring vast search spaces of potential architectures. In our research, we investigate the mathematical foundations and algorithms underpinning NAS, focusing on reinforcement learning-based, evolutionary, and gradient-based approaches. We provide mathematical proofs of convergence and efficiency for each method and analyze real-world applications, such as image classification and natural language processing (NLP). Through a comprehensive exploration of NAS, we aim to highlight its impact on AutoML and its potential to automate neural network design effectively while addressing challenges in computational cost and generalization.
Additional file 2: of Having a toilet is not enough: the limitations in fulfilling the human rights to water and sanitation in a municipal school in Bahia, Brazil

Individual interview script with the schoolâ s principal and vice-principal. (DOCX 14 kb)
The Modeling and Excitation Characteristics of the Transformer Under DC Bias

In order to research the influence of DC bias on the transformer, a transformer modeling method under DC bias is proposed. Based on the JA (Jiles-Atherton) theory, the method establishes the dynamic core magnetization curves of considering hysteresis. Then the transient transformer model is built through deriving the transformer equation from unified magnetic equivalent circuit model. On the different DC bias, the model is used to simulate the core magnetization characteristics, excitation currents, and harmonic changes of the no-load transformer. The results show that the model can be an effective means to research the excitation characteristic when transformer is under DC bias.
Noise tailoring for error mitigation and for diagnozing digital quantum computers

Error mitigation (EM) methods are crucial for obtaining reliable results in the realm of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers, where noise significantly impacts output accuracy. Some EM protocols are particularly efficient for specific types of noise. Yet the noise in the actual hardware may not align with that. In this article, we introduce Noise Tailoring (NT) -- an innovative strategy designed to modify the structure of the noise associated with two-qubit gates through statistical sampling. We perform classical emulation of the protocol behavior and find that the NT+EM results can be up to 5 times more accurate than the results of EM alone for realistic Pauli noise acting on two-qubit gates. At the same time, on actual IBM quantum computers, the NT method falls victim to various small error sources beyond Markovian Pauli noise. We propose to use the NT method for characterizing such error sources on quantum computers in order to inform hardware development.
Reviewing the legality of the sovereign base areas in Cyprus in light of the right to self-determination &amp; the process of decolonization

Η Κύπρος απέκτησε επίσημα την ανεξαρτησία της από το Ηνωμένο Βασίλειο στις 16 Αυγούστου 1960, μετά την υπογραφή της Συνθήκης Εγγυήσεως. Ως προϋπόθεση για την ανεξαρτησία της, η Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία ήταν υποχρεωμένη να παραχωρήσει τμήματα της επικράτειάς της στους Βρετανούς για τη δημιουργία των Περιοχών Κυρίαρχων Βάσεων (ΠΚΒ). Ενώ το νομικό καθεστώς των ΠΚΒ έχει αμφισβητηθεί, δεν έχει σημειωθεί κάποια επίσημη αμφισβήτηση της παρουσίας τους από την Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία. Ωστόσο, στον απόηχο της Συμβουλευτικής Γνώμης για το Chagos του 2019, έχουν παρατηρηθεί αυξημένες συζητήσεις για το εάν και το πώς η Κύπρος θα μπορούσε να προβάλει αυτό το ζήτημα στο Διεθνές Δικαστήριο Δικαιοσύνης. Η απόφαση του Δικαστηρίου σχετικά με τη Συμβουλευτική Γνώμη προσέφερε νέες γνώσεις σχετικά με τις εξελισσόμενες αρχές της αυτοδιάθεσης, της εδαφικής ακεραιότητας και της διαδικασίας αποαποικιοποίησης, παρέχοντας ένα σύνολο νομικών εργαλείων που θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιήσει η Κύπρος για να αμφισβητήσει το νομικό καθεστώς των ΠΚΒ. Αυτή η μελέτη αναλύει τις επιπτώσεις της Συμβουλευτικής Γνώμης για το Chagos, καθώς και άλλες νομολογίες του Διεθνούς Δικαστηρίου, των Ψηφισμάτων του ΟΗΕ και της πρακτικής των Κρατών κατά την αξιολόγηση της νομιμότητας των ΠΚΒ. Η παρούσα έρευνα καταλήγει στο συμπέρασμα ότι η εξέλιξη διαφόρων αρχών του διεθνούς δικαίου, σε συνδιασμό με την Συμβουλευτική Γνωμοδότηση για το Chagos, ενισχύει μια υποθετική δικαστική προσέγγιση κατά των ΠΚΒ, αν και η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής των στην Κύπρο είναι πολύ πιο περίπλοκη δεδομένων των μοναδικών ιστορικών, πολιτικών και νομικών συνθηκών.
Health Care Providers in War and Armed Conflict: Operational and Educational Challenges in International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Conventions, Part I. Historical Perspective

AbstractSince 1945, the reason for humanitarian crises and the way in which the world responds to them has dramatically changed every 10 to 15 years or less. Planning, response, and recovery for these tragic events have often been ad hoc, inconsistent, and insufficient, largely because of the complexity of global humanitarian demands and their corresponding response system capabilities. This historical perspective chronicles the transformation of war and armed conflicts from the Cold War to today, emphasizing the impact these events have had on humanitarian professionals and their struggle to adapt to increasing humanitarian, operational, and political challenges. An unprecedented independent United Nations–World Health Organization decision in the Battle for Mosul in Iraq to deploy to combat zones emergency medical teams unprepared in the skills of decades-tested war and armed conflict preparation and response afforded to health care providers and dictated by International Humanitarian Law and Geneva Convention protections has abruptly challenged future decision-making and deployments. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:109–115)
Depressive Symptoms and Access to Mental Health Care in Women Screened for Postpartum Depression Who Lose Health Insurance Coverage After Delivery: Findings From the Translating Research Into Practice for Postpartum Depression (TRIPPD) Effectiveness Study

To determine the impact of losing health insurance coverage on perceived need for and access to mental health care in women screened for postpartum depression (PPD) in primary care settings.The study sample included 2343 women enrolled in a 12-month, multisite, randomized trial that compared clinical outcomes of a comprehensive PPD screening and management program with usual care (March 1, 2006, through August 31, 2010). Screening for PPD occurred at the first postpartum visit (5-12 weeks) using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale followed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. Insurance status during the prenatal period, at delivery, and during the first postpartum year and perceived need for and access to mental health care during the first postpartum year were assessed via questionnaires completed by individual patients and participating practices.Rates of uninsured increased from 3.8% during pregnancy and delivery (n=87 of 2317) to 10.8% at the first postpartum visit (n=253 of 2343) and 13.7% at any subsequent visit to the practice after 2 months post partum (n=226 of 1646) (P<.001, both comparisons vs baseline). For patients with data on insurance type during follow-up, insurance loss occurred primarily in Medicaid beneficiaries. Nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire scores and self-reported need for mental health care did not differ significantly between patients who remained insured and those who lost insurance during the first postpartum year. However, of patients who reported the need for mental health care, 61.1% of the uninsured (n=66 of 108) vs 27.1% of the insured (n=49 of 181) reported an inability to obtain mental health care (P<.001).Loss of insurance during the first postpartum year did not significantly affect depressive symptoms or perceived need for mental health care but did adversely affect self-reported ability to obtain mental health care.
Business Intelligence and Analytics Education, and Program Development

“Big Data,” huge volumes of data in both structured and unstructured forms generated by the Internet, social media, and computerized transactions, is straining our technical capacity to manage it. More importantly, the new challenge is to develop the capability to understand and interpret the burgeoning volume of data to take advantage of the opportunities it provides in many human endeavors, ranging from science to business. Data Science, and in business schools, Business Intelligence and Analytics (BI&amp;A) are emerging disciplines that seek to address the demands of this new era. Big Data and BI&amp;A present unique challenges and opportunities not only for the research community, but also for Information Systems (IS) programs at business schools. In this essay, we provide a brief overview of BI&amp;A, speculate on the role of BI&amp;A education in business schools, present the challenges facing IS departments, and discuss the role of IS curricula and program development, in delivering BI&amp;A education. We contend that a new vision for the IS discipline should address these challenges.
Implementation of an HRIS (Human Resource Information System) as a Digitalization Strategy to Improve Human Resource Efficiency: A Case Study at PT. Tenggara Multi Media Gemilang

This research aims to analyze the implementation of the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) as a digitalization strategy in improving the efficiency of human resources at PT. Tenggara Multi Media Gemilang. This case study was conducted with a qualitative approach through observation, interviews, and document analysis to understand the conditions of HR management before and after the implementation of HRIS. The results of the study test whether the implementation of HRIS is able to automate human resource (HR) administrative processes such as employee data management, attendance, payroll, and reporting, thereby reducing manual workload, minimizing data errors, and accelerating the decision-making process at the managerial level. In addition, centralized and real-time integration of human resource data through the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) can increase transparency, information accuracy, and coordination between divisions at PT. Tenggara Multi Media Gemilang. Although there are still challenges in the form of user adaptation and the need to improve human resource (HR) competencies. Thus, the implementation of HRIS at PT. Tenggara Multi Media Gemilang is expected to help its effectiveness as a digitalization strategy that supports increasing efficiency, productivity, and quality of human resource (HR) management.
Experimental study of stainless steel angle sections 3D‐printed by wire‐laser additive manufacturing (WLAM)

Abstract                   Additive manufacturing, often known as 3D‐printing, is being increasingly used in the construction industry. This paper presents an experimental study on the loadcarrying capacities of stainless steel equal‐leg angle section stub columns 3D‐printed by means of the emerging wire‐laser additive manufacturing (WLAM) technology. The testing programme included material coupon tests, measurements of geometric properties and 16 stub column tests. Following the testing programme, a design analysis was carried out based on the obtained test data, where the applicability of Eurocode 3 to WLAM stainless steel equal‐leg angle sections was assessed. The assessment results generally reveal that Eurocode 3 offers conservative design resistances for WLAM stainless steel angle section stub columns under compression. The Continuous Strength Method, which accounts for the effect of material strain hardening in the cross‐section resistance prediction, was also evaluated and found to offer improved overall design accuracy over Eurocode 3.
Indigenous peoples and the right to adequate food : A dissertation discussing the content of an Indigenous Rights-Based Approach to indigenous food security and nutritional health and some methodological challenges surging from such an approach

Det er store forskjeller i kronisk underernæring og spedbarnsdødelighet mellom barn av urfolk og andre barn på det amerikanske kontinentet. Både underernæring og kroniske ernæringsrelaterte sykdommer rammer urfolk spesielt hardt. Feltstudier fra Argentina og Canada viser at statlige utviklingstiltak og tiltak mot matusikkerhet faktisk kan bidra til å forverre urfolks ernæringssituasjon. Sentrale nasjonale fattigdomsindikatorer er dessuten dårlig tilpasset tradisjonelle urfolks levesett og kan egne seg dårlig til å kartlegge fattigdom i disse gruppene.  Dette åpner opp for en menneskerettighetsbasert analyse. Gjennom ratifisering av konvensjoner har stater påtatt seg å respektere, beskytte og fremme retten til mat og helse for alle innbyggere. Stater skal også beskytte og legge til rette for urfolks tradisjonelle tilpassning til sitt miljø og ressursbruk. Dagens ernæringsproblemer hos urfolk er knyttet til tap av land og tradisjonelle matressurser og også inntektsfattigdom. Underliggende faktorer er diskriminering, utilfredstillende skole- og helsetjenester samt manglende forståelse for urfolks kultur og rettigheter. En rettighetsbasert tilnærming vil gjøre statens rolle tydeligere og skape rom for ansvarliggjøring av statlige aktører. Materialet til avhandlingen er hentet fra ulike skriftlige kilder og informasjon fremskaffet gjennom feltarbeid, herunder egne intervjuer med urfolksrepresentanter og myndighetspersoner i nordlige Argentina og i Nunavut i Canada. ’Retten til mat’ er nedfelt i den internasjonale konvensjonen om økonomiske, sosiale og kulturelle rettigheter som er ratifisert av de fleste stater inkludert Argentina og Canada. Retten til mat innebærer at alle har en rett til tilstrekkelige mengder av ernæringsmessig fullgod, kulturelt akseptabel og trygg mat. Et rammeverk for analyse av staters forpliktelse i forhold til retten til mat som tidligere er utviklet innenfor doktorandens forskningsmiljø, ble brukt til å strukturere analysen.
Supplementary Table 6 from Sample Size Estimations Based on Human Microbiome Temporal Stability Over 6 Months: A Shallow Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing Analysis

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 6. ICCs based on proportions of pathways&lt;/p&gt;
A Progressive Image Restoration Network for High-order Degradation Imaging in Remote Sensing

Recently, deep learning methods have gained remarkable achievements in the field of image restoration for remote sensing (RS). However, most existing RS image restoration methods focus mainly on conventional first-order degradation models, which may not effectively capture the imaging mechanisms of remote sensing images. Furthermore, many RS image restoration approaches that use deep learning are often criticized for their lacks of architecture transparency and model interpretability. To address these problems, we propose a novel progressive restoration network for high-order degradation imaging (HDI-PRNet), to progressively restore different image degradation. HDI-PRNet is developed based on the theoretical framework of degradation imaging, also Markov properties of the high-order degradation process and Maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation, offering the benefit of mathematical interpretability within the unfolding network. The framework is composed of three main components: a module for image denoising that relies on proximal mapping prior learning, a module for image deblurring that integrates Neumann series expansion with dual-domain degradation learning, and a module for super-resolution. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance on both synthetic and real remote sensing images.
The Continued Relevance of the Contributions of the Sierra Leone Tribunal to International Criminal Law

This paper introduces a special symposium issue of the Florida International University Law Review (Volume 15, No. 1, 2021) dedicated to the book The Legal Legacy of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, published by Cambridge University Press, July 2020. The symposium brought together leading scholars and practitioners of international criminal law, invited by the law review editors, to comment on the book. This introduction by the author briefly summarizes the contents of the book, highlighting the salient aspects of the Special Court for Sierra Leone’s jurisprudential legacy for international criminal law that it covers on key topics such as immunity of state officials from prosecution for international crimes, the legality of blanket amnesties for international crimes, the first prosecution of the war crime of child recruitment, the first prosecution of the crime of forced marriage as a crime against humanity, and the relationship between special criminal courts and truth and reconciliation commissions in the first post-conflict situation to experiment with both types of mechanisms.
Conservation of threatened species in the Galapagos Marine Reserve through identification and protection of marine key biodiversity areas

Abstract The Galapagos Marine Reserve provides refuge for numerous threatened marine species, including 16 mammals, birds, reptiles and fish currently recognized on the 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, plus an additional 25 endemic fish, mollusc, crustacean, echinoderm, coral and macroalgal species that comply with threatened species criteria because of declining extent of occurrence or highly‐localized ranges, and hence also qualify for inclusion on the Red List. Threatened marine species with restricted ranges are not randomly distributed across the archipelago but tend to co‐occur at a limited number of sites that are predominantly located in the west. Sites at which threatened species are known to persist, particularly those with a large proportion of the global population, are here identified as sites of global conservation significance — key biodiversity areas. The majority (27) of the 38 inshore key biodiversity areas identified are currently protected from fishing because they lie within the 17% of coastal waters that is zoned as ‘no‐take’ tourism or conservation zones. All key biodiversity areas should be protected from extractive exploitation if threatened species are to be safeguarded. This can be achieved, at the minimum, through a relatively minor amendment to the existing marine zoning scheme, whereby an additional 2% of the coastline is dedicated to conservation.  Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ANALYZING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTENT DETECTION PROGRAMS GENERATED USING AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)

Taking into account the current context in the technological field, this paper aims to emphasize the way in which, the methods of combating and detecting the use of artificial intelligence in the academic environment are or not effective and whether the old methods of approaching this environment, are still effective today.
Central Bank Digital Currency: um olhar sobre o design e formas de implementação

The current state of the world has created the perfect storm to address this issue. Based on the rapid digitization that we are going through, accelerated by the explosion of the recent pandemic crisis and, at the same time, the increase in the popularity of private cryptocurrencies, which called into question the Central Banks and the respective monetary authority, space was opened for the exploitation of the Central Bank Digital Currency. In this sense, there has been an exponential increase in interest on the part of Central Banks on this topic. The importance of understanding how it can complement or eventually replace physical money as we know it and understanding what kind of impact it can have on the everyday lives of ordinary people is crucial. The design possibilities are endless, each with a different approach and trade-offs. These are issues that can touch on points such as the security of our personal data to the ease of buying something digitally with foreign currency. These will be decisions that will always be shaped by the characteristics and circumstances of a given jurisdiction, despite all the associated technical and operational complexity.