ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
AI Diagnostic Frameworks for Accurate, HIPAA-Compliant U.S. Healthcare Analytics Using Federated Learning and Differential Privacy

This quantitative study examined AI-driven diagnostic modeling frameworks for enhancing diagnostic accuracy and privacy protection within U.S. healthcare analytics systems. A structured survey instrument measured five key constructs: AI diagnostic accuracy enhancement, privacy protection effectiveness, governance and compliance alignment, data quality readiness, and multi-site deployment feasibility. A total of 210 valid responses were analyzed. Descriptive results indicated strong respondent agreement for governance and compliance alignment (M = 4.11, SD = 0.55), privacy protection effectiveness (M = 4.02, SD = 0.58), and AI diagnostic accuracy enhancement (M = 3.94, SD = 0.62). Data quality readiness showed a moderate mean (M = 3.62, SD = 0.71), while multi-site deployment feasibility produced the lowest mean (M = 3.48, SD = 0.74), reflecting perceived challenges in cross-institution portability. Reliability analysis demonstrated strong internal consistency across constructs, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging from 0.82 to 0.91. Multiple regression analysis showed that governance and compliance alignment was the strongest predictor of AI diagnostic accuracy enhancement (β = 0.39, p &lt; .001), followed by data quality readiness (β = 0.31, p &lt; .001) and multi-site deployment feasibility (β = 0.19, p = .003). The accuracy enhancement model explained 56% of variance (R² = 0.56). A second regression model predicting privacy protection effectiveness explained 63% of variance (R² = 0.63) and showed significant effects for governance and compliance alignment (β = 0.34, p &lt; .001), AI diagnostic accuracy enhancement (β = 0.31, p &lt; .001), and data quality readiness (β = 0.18, p = .001), while multi-site deployment feasibility was not significant (β = 0.10, p = .076). Hypothesis testing supported 6 of 7 proposed relationships. Overall, findings indicated that governance alignment and data readiness were central determinants of perceived diagnostic accuracy and privacy protection in U.S. healthcare analytics systems.
Use of microdosing to predict pharmacokinetics at the therapeutic dose: Experience with 5 drugs

A volunteer trial was performed to compare the pharmacokinetics of 5 drugs--warfarin, ZK253 (Schering), diazepam, midazolam, and erythromycin--when administered at a microdose or pharmacologic dose. Each compound was chosen to represent a situation in which prediction of pharmacokinetics from either animal or in vitro studies (or both) was or is likely to be problematic.In a crossover design volunteers received (1) 1 of the 5 compounds as a microdose labeled with radioactive carbon (carbon 14) (100 microg), (2) the corresponding (14)C-labeled therapeutic dose on a separate occasion, and (3) simultaneous administration of an intravenous (14)C-labeled microdose and an oral therapeutic dose for ZK253, midazolam, and erythromycin. Analysis of (14)C-labeled drugs in plasma was done by use of HPLC followed by accelerator mass spectrometry. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to measure plasma concentrations of ZK253, midazolam, and erythromycin at therapeutic concentrations, whereas HPLC-accelerator mass spectrometry was used to measure warfarin and diazepam concentrations.Good concordance between microdose and therapeutic dose pharmacokinetics was observed for diazepam (half-life [t((1/2))] of 45.1 hours, clearance [CL] of 1.38 L/h, and volume of distribution [V] of 90.1 L for 100 microg and t((1/2)) of 35.7 hours, CL of 1.3 L/h, and V of 123 L for 10 mg), midazolam (t((1/2)) of 4.87 hours, CL of 21.2 L/h, V of 145 L, and oral bioavailability [F] of 0.23 for 100 microg and t((1/2)) of 3.31 hours, CL of 20.4 L/h, V of 75 L, and F of 0.22 for 7.5 mg), and development compound ZK253 (F = <1% for both 100 microg and 50 mg). For warfarin, clearance was reasonably well predicted (0.17 L/h for 100 microg and 0.26 L/h for 5 mg), but the discrepancy observed in distribution (67 L for 100 microg and 17.9 L for 5 mg) was probably a result of high-affinity, low-capacity tissue binding. The oral microdose of erythromycin failed to provide detectable plasma levels as a result of possible acid lability in the stomach. Absolute bioavailability for the 3 compounds examined yielded excellent concordance with data from the literature or data generated in house.Overall, when used appropriately, microdosing offers the potential to aid in early drug candidate selection.
The physics of cosmic ray modulation: Heliospheric propagation during the 1987 Minimum

The period in and near the 1987 solar minimum of modulation is a unique interval in the 11‐year solar cycle modulation for determining whether both the heliospheric current sheet and charged particle gradient drift contribute significantly to the modulation of galactic cosmic rays and the anomalous components. Our investigation of this period is based on measurements from neutron monitors and the IMP 8 satellite at 1 AU and the Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Voyager 1, and Voyager 2 spacecraft distributed throughout the heliosphere to ∼46 AU. Three observations essential for the analysis are as follows: (1) the brief time‐intensity profile for cosmic ray minimum could be traced relatively unchanged from 1 AU to ∼41 AU at the average solar wind velocity, (2) the onset of enhanced modulation in the new solar cycle at 1 AU began at the highest magnetic rigidity and progressed in time over a period of months to particles of low magnetic rigidity, and (3) the average tilt angle of the neutral current sheet was available from Hoeksema (1989) as a function of time for the period centered on the 1987 solar minimum at 1 AU. To account for the observations, we propose a model for the onset of the new modulation cycle which includes a change in the average tilt angle of the current sheet as it propagates outward through the heliosphere at the solar wind velocity. Calculations based on our model with an inwardly directed north solar polar magnetic field (which prevailed in the 1985–1988 period) include diffusion, convection, adiabatic deceleration, and drift for the inward propagation of cosmic ray protons in the energy range from 20 to 1500 MeV and reproduced the rigidity phase lag effect observed in the 1987 data. On the other hand, for the reversed solar magnetic field polarity (e.g., 1954, 1977) the model calculations show that an enhanced onset for these solar cycles has a negligible rigidity phase lag at 1 AU, in agreement with the observed 1977 onset of modulation. We point out that transient phenomena (e.g., Forbush decreases and interaction regions) appear to dominate the higher levels of solar modulation following the 1987 period. A consequence of our analysis is that at the time of solar minimum there is a minimum in the amplitude of the 11‐year variation of the radial gradient of integral cosmic ray intensity which propagates outward at the solar wind velocity. Therefore the time dependence of the amplitude of the radial gradient is not the result of the inward‐outward motion of a modulation boundary.
Sample Paths Properties of Stochastic Processes from Orlicz Spaces, with Applications to Partial Differential Equations

In the present paper we obtain conditions for stochastic processes from Orlicz spaces to have almost sure bounded and continuous sample paths, the study is concerned with the processes defined on unbounded domains. Estimates for the distributions of suprema of the processes are also presented. Conditions are given in terms of entropy integrals and majorant characteristics of Orlicz spaces. Possible applications to solutions of partial differential equations are discussed. Examples of processes are given for which conditions of the main results are satisfied.
Information Fusion in the Immune System

Biologically-inspired methods such as evolutionary algorithms and neural networks are proving useful in the field of information fusion. Artificial Immune Systems (AISs) are a biologically-inspired approach which take inspiration from the biological immune system. Interestingly, recent research has show how AISs which use multi-level information sources as input data can be used to build effective algorithms for real time computer intrusion detection. This research is based on biological information fusion mechanisms used by the human immune system and as such might be of interest to the information fusion community. The aim of this paper is to present a summary of some of the biological information fusion mechanisms seen in the human immune system, and of how these mechanisms have been implemented as AISs
‘Waterproofing layers’ for urethrocutaneous fistula repair after hypospadias surgery: evidence synthesis with systematic review and meta-analysis

To summarize the available evidence and to quantitatively evaluate the global results of different waterproofing layers in substantiating the UCF repair.After defining the study protocol, the review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by a team comprising experts in hypospadiology, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, epidemiology, biostatistics and data science. Studies published from 2000 onwards, reporting on the results of UCF closure after hypospadias repair were searched for on PUBMED, Embase and Google Scholar. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Checklist (JBI) critical appraisal tool. The results with different techniques were compared with the two samples independent proportions test with the help of Microsoft Excel, MedCalc software and an online calculator.Seventy-three studies were shortlisted for the synthesis; the final analysis included 2886 patients (71 studies) with UCF repair failure in 539. A summary of various dimensions involved with the UCF repair has been generated including time gap after last surgery, stent-vs-no stent, supra-pubic catheterization, suture material, suturing technique, associated anomalies, complications, etc. The success rates associated with different techniques were calculated and compared: simple catheterization (100%), simple primary closure (73.2%), dartos (78.8%), double dartos flaps (81%), scrotal flaps (94.6%), tunica vaginalis (94.3%), PATIO repair (93.5%), biomaterials or dermal substitutes (92%), biocompatible adhesives (56.5%) and skin-based flaps (54.5%). Several techniques were identified as solitary publications and discussed.Tunica vaginalis and scrotal flaps offer the best results after UCF closure in the synthesis. However, it is not possible to label any technique as ideal or perfect. Almost all popular waterproofing layers have depicted absolute (100%) success sometimes. There are a vast number of other factors (patient's local anatomy, surgeon's expertise and technical perspectives) which influence the final outcome.
Topological Materials for Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer

Topological materials provide a platform that utilizes the geometric characteristics of structured materials to control the flow of waves, enabling unidirectional and protected transmission that is immune to defects or impurities. The topologically designed photonic materials can carry quantum states and electromagnetic energy, benefiting nanolasers or quantum photonic systems. This article reviews recent advances in the topological applications of photonic materials for radiative heat transfer, especially in the near field. When the separation distance between media is considerably smaller than the thermal wavelength, the heat transfer exhibits super-Planckian behavior that surpasses Planck's blackbody predictions. Near-field thermal radiation in subwavelength systems supporting surface modes has various applications, including nanoscale thermal management and energy conversion. Photonic materials and structures that support topological surface states show immense potential for enhancing or suppressing near-field thermal radiation. We present various topological effects, such as periodic and quasi-periodic nanoparticle arrays, Dirac and Weyl semimetal-based materials, structures with broken global symmetries, and other topological insulators, on near-field heat transfer. Also, the possibility of realizing near-field thermal radiation in such topological materials for alternative thermal management and heat flux guiding in nano-scale systems is discussed based on the existing technology.
Tectonic setting and regional correlation of Ordovician metavolcanic rocks of the Casco Bay Group, Maine: evidence from trace element and isotope geochemistry

Ordovician metamorphic rocks of the Casco Bay Group are exposed in an approximately 170 km long NE-trending belt (Liberty-Orrington belt) in southern and south-central Maine. Geochemical analysis of rocks within the Spring Point Formation (469±3 Ma) of the Casco Bay Group indicate that it is an assemblage of metamorphosed bimodal volcanic rocks. The mafic rocks (originally basalts) have trace element and Nd isotopic characteristics consistent with derivation from a mantle source enriched by a crustal and/or subduction component. The felsic rocks (originally rhyolites and dacites) were likely generated through partial melting of continental crust in response to intrusion of the mafic magma. Relatively low initial εNd values for both the mafic (−1.3 to +0.6) and felsic (−4.1 to −3.8) rocks suggest interactions with Gander zone continental crust and support a correlation between the Casco Bay Group and the Bathurst Supergroup in the Miramichi belt of New Brunswick. This correlation suggests that elements of the Early to Middle Ordovician Tetagouche-Exploits back-arc basin can be traced well into southern Maine. A possible tectonic model for the evolution of the Casco Bay Group involves the initiation of arc volcanism in Early Ordovician time along the Gander continental margin on the eastern side of the Iapetus Ocean basin. Slab rollback and trenchward migration of arc magmatism initiated crustal thinning and rifting of the volcanic arc around 470 Ma and resulted in the eruption of the Spring Point volcanic rocks in a back-arc tectonic setting.
Automation of the quantitative determination of elemental content in samples using neutron activation analysis on the IBR-2 reactor at the frank laboratory for neutron physics, joint institute for nuclear research

Software for the automated quantitative determination of element concentrations in samples is described. This software is used in neutron activation analysis (NAA) at the IBR-2 reactor of the Frank Laboratory for Neutron Physics, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (FLNP JINR).
Measuring Privacy Concerns with Government Surveillance and Right-to-be-Forgotten in Nomological Net of Trust and Willingness-to-Share.

In the post Snowden revelations era, concerns related to government surveillance and oversight have come to the forefront. The ability of the Internet to remember â€œeverythingâ€ (or forget anything) also raises a privacy concern associated with the â€œright to be forgottenâ€. Hence, in this paper, we propose and examine privacy concerns by extending the Hong and Thongâ€™s (2013) model with the addition of two dimensions: right to be forgotten as well as government surveillance and oversight. We tested two different measurement models using privacy concerns as a second-order and a third-order construct within a nomological net that includes trusting beliefs and willingness-to-share information for monetary gains, personalization, and national security. Data were collected from MTurk and analyzed using structural equation modeling. Findings provide support for the addition of the proposed dimensions.
THE PHILOSOPHY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: ETHICAL AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS IN MODERN SOCIETY

This article examines the philosophical and ethical implications of technological progress and artificial intelligence (AI) in the context of modern social development. It focuses on how technological transformation affects human consciousness, morality, and social values within Uzbekistan’s modernization processes. The research particularly refers to President Shavkat Mirziyoyev’s “Digital Uzbekistan – 2030” strategy, emphasizing the importance of human-centered innovation. The article identifies ethical risks, social inequalities, and moral challenges emerging from AI integration in healthcare and education and proposes philosophical solutions aligned with national values.
The types of homology and their significance for evolutionary biology and phylogenetics

AbstractThis paper comments on recently revived discussion about the most adequate definition of homology. Homologues are considered as similarities of complex structures or patterns which are based on a continuity of biological information or instruction. Dependent on the level of comparison four types of homology are defined: (1) Iterative ( = serial = homonomy), (2) ontogenetic, (3) di‐ or polymorphic, and (4) supraspecific homology. The significance of all four types for evolutionary biology and phylogenetic analysis is outlined.
Credit risk: Taking fluctuating asset correlations into account

In structural credit risk models, default events and the ensuing losses are both derived from the asset values at maturity. Hence it is of utmost importance to choose a distribution for these asset values which is in accordance with empirical data. At the same time, it is desirable to still preserve some analytical tractability. We achieve both goals by putting forward an ensemble approach for the asset correlations. Consistently with the data, we view them as fluctuating quantities, for which we may choose the average correlation as homogeneous. Thereby we can reduce the number of parameters to two, the average correlation between assets and the strength of the fluctuations around this average value. Yet, the resulting asset value distribution describes the empirical data well. This allows us to derive the distribution of credit portfolio losses. With Monte-Carlo simulations for the Value at Risk and Expected Tail Loss we validate the assumptions of our approach and demonstrate the necessity of taking fluctuating correlations into account.
SotA Lens: A Network-Augmented Methodology and Tool for Exploratory State-of-the-Art Reviews

Researchers often begin new projects by conducting a broad State-of-the-Art review before they are ready to define the narrow protocol required by a systematic review. This is especially common in multidisciplinary areas where terminology is unstable, communities are weakly connected, and relevant work is dispersed across technical and application domains. This paper presents SotA Lens, a network-augmented methodology and lightweight software toolkit for exploratory State-of-the-Art reviews. The approach combines documented seed search, DOI-level metadata resolution, bounded citation expansion, directed graph construction, community detection, ranking of authors and subject terms, and human labelling of research communities. It is designed to complement, not replace, established review protocols such as PRISMA, PRISMA-ScR, systematic mapping studies, and bibliometric science mapping. The method is demonstrated through a proof-of-concept review of Dynamic Projection-Mapping and Spatial Augmented Reality. Starting from approximately 200 seed search results, the workflow produced a citation graph with 2,198 DOI-level vertices and 8,249 reference edges; a filtered largest component for 2010-2023 contained 986 vertices, 2,693 edges, and sixteen labelled communities. The contribution is both methodological and practical: SotA Lens helps researchers map broad fields, identify clusters and gaps, and produce auditable review artifacts before committing to a narrower systematic review protocol. This paper is not intended as a domain survey of Dynamic Projection-Mapping or Spatial Augmented Reality; rather, it introduces and demonstrates an original review-support methodology and software artifact using that domain as a proof-of-concept case study.
Patient reported outcome measures in childbirth and postpartum maternal quality of life: a protocol for systematic review of measurement properties. [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 2 approved with reservations]

Background: Patient centred healthcare is the corner stone to many healthcare strategies. Patient specific health needs should be at the fore of healthcare improvements and quality measurements.  Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) that support real world clinical effectiveness assessments are increasingly being used to highlight domains where there is the greatest scope for change. Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify and evaluate existing patient reported assessment measures/tool(s) that can be used in developing a PROM for postpartum women. We will assess and evaluate their measurement properties in a transparent and structured way in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines. Methods: Methodological guidelines for systematic reviews of PROMs have been developed by the COSMIN initiative and will be followed for this systematic review. A systematic literature review will be performed using PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE from inception to the present day. Two reviewers independently will judge eligibility, conduct data extraction and assess the methodological quality of each study as per COSMIN guidelines. Inclusion criteria: studies should concern PROM with an aim to evaluate measurement properties in the development or the evaluation of a PROM of interest. Included PROM will focus upon postpartum women assessing morbidity and quality of care. All peer reviewed studies with an assessment tool designed for patient completion will be considered. Exclusion criteria; abstract, letters and non-peer reviewed publications. Studies will be graded on measurement properties and quality of evidence as laid out by COSMIN. All studies and characteristics eligible for inclusion will be summarised and a recommendation to the most suitable measurement tool(s) will be given. Discussion: We will provide a comprehensive description of all available patient reported assessment tools available for childbirth and postpartum quality of life and recommend based on COSMIN guidelines the most suitable instrument(s) available for use.