ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Constructing Rights: Indigenous Peoples at the Public Hearings of the National Inquiry into Customary Rights to Land in Sabah, Malaysia

Malaysia has declared its vision of developed country status by the year 2020. Much has been written about its top-down development approach, its relative economic success and the social as well as environmental costs of such approach. In 2011 and 2012 the Human Rights Commission of Malaysia (SUHAKAM) set into motion a national inquiry into the status of customary rights to land in the country. As part of the inquiry, a nationwide series of consultations was held over several months in 2012, culminating in formal public hearings in Peninsular Malyasia, Sarawak and Sabah. A major objective of the inquiry was to evaluate ways which could make development in Malaysia more inclusive and delineate obstacles to a better acknowlegement of indigenous peoples’ rights to customary land.
Influence of Workplace Environment, Occupational Health and Safety, and Organizational Dedication on Nurse Performance

Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between the work environment, occupational health and safety (OHS), organizational commitment, and nurse performance in a hospital setting.Method: A quantitative approach was employed, gathering data from 83 nurse respondents at Madiun Hospital. Data analysis was conducted using the structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with the partial least squares technique through Smart PLS.Findings: The findings reveal significant positive correlations between the work environment and organizational commitment, OHS and organizational commitment, OHS and nurse performance, as well as organizational commitment and nurse performance. However, no significant relationship was found between the work environment and nurse performance.Novelty: This study contributes by highlighting the importance of a conducive work environment and OHS efforts in enhancing organizational commitment and nurse performance in hospitals.Research Implications: The implications of this study underscore the need to focus on improving the work environment and OHS in hospitals to enhance organizational commitment and nurse performance. This can aid hospital management in developing strategies to improve service quality and patient satisfaction.
Aspect-level sentiment analysis merged with knowledge graph and graph convolutional neural network

AbstractAspect level sentiment analysis belongs to fine-grained sentiment analysis, w hich has caused extensive research in academic circles in recent years. For this task, th e recurrent neural network (RNN) model is usually used for feature extraction, but the model cannot effectively obtain the structural information of the text. Recent studies h ave begun to use the graph convolutional network (GCN) to model the syntactic depen dency tree of the text to solve this problem. For short text data, the text information is not enough to accurately determine the emotional polarity of the aspect words, and the knowledge graph is not effectively used as external knowledge that can enrich the sem antic information. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a graph co nvolutional neural network (GCN) model that can process syntactic information, know ledge graphs and text semantic information. The model works on the “syntax-knowled ge” graph to extract syntactic information and common sense information at the same t ime. Compared with the latest model, the model in this paper can effectively improve t he accuracy of aspect-level sentiment classification on two datasets.
The Reform of the United Nations Security Council

Due to the evolution of the global order, the expansion of transnational threats, and the rigidity of resolution procedures, the United Nations Security Council(UNSC) is under increasing pressure to play a substantive and positive role. Under this current situation, this paper aims to explore the reasons and necessities of reforming the UNSC, and mainly focuses on the veto power through case study and data analysis. This paper advocates a comprehensive reform, first by introducing a double veto to ensure broader consensus, second by extending the veto to emerging global powers to reflect current geopolitical realities, and finally by implementing a conditional veto system to limit abuses. A better understanding of the need for reform will help the UNSC enhance its ability to maintain world peace and security. More importantly, it can contribute to better adapting to the characteristics of today's multi-polar world.
Toward in-sensor imaging classification enabled by on-chip all-optical modulation and photonic neural networks

Image sensors play a crucial role in autonomous driving and security. However, the separation of sensors and processors results in large amounts of redundant data being exchanged between sensory terminals and computing units. Here, leveraging silicon photonic integrated technology, we propose an in-sensor imaging classification solution that combines sensing components with photonic neural networks. The sensing components consist of a microring array which can convert visible light signals from free space into near-infrared light signals propagating through silicon waveguides, which are subsequently processed by photonic neural networks. The proposed all-optical modulator is based on a pn-doped microring resonator, enabling light-to-light modulation through two mechanisms: the thermo-optic and plasma-dispersion effects. We demonstrate that these effects can be controlled by shorting the pn-junctions, achieving a modulation depth of 15 dB. Two cascaded microrings—used for converting visible light signals and applying weight signals—demonstrate the ability to perform dot product operations with an effective resolution of near 8 bits, sufficient for data processing. Furthermore, we validated the in-sensor scheme using the Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) dataset, achieving a recognition accuracy of 96.82%. These results pave the way for advanced ‘in-sensor’ imaging classification technologies.
Trust-Aware Federated Learning with Differential Privacy for Secure AIoT in Critical Infrastructures

Federated learning offers a scalable solution for distributed intelligence in Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) systems, yet privacy leakage, adversarial attacks, and system heterogeneity remain persistent challenges in critical infrastructures such as smart cities, agriculture, and forestry. This paper proposes PriSec- FedGuardNet, a trust-aware federated learning framework that integrates differential privacy, homomorphic secure aggregation, and graph neural network–based trust evaluation to safeguard both data and model updates. The framework preserves sensitive information by perturbing gradients with calibrated noise, encrypts local updates for aggregation without decryption, and assigns trust scores to filter unreliable participants. Experimental validation on ToN-IoT, Bot-IoT, and real-world sensor datasets demonstrates that PriSec-FedGuardNet maintains above 97.3% relative utility under strict privacy budgets, improves anomaly detection F1-scores by up to 18% under poisoning attacks, and reduces device-level energy overheads to less than 12%. Domain-specific evaluations across Indian smart city, agricultural, and forestry deployments further highlight the adaptability and efficiency of the framework. By balancing privacy, security, and utility, PriSec-FedGuardNet establishes a robust paradigm for secure federated learning in AIoT-driven critical infrastructures.
Ethical AI for Young Digital Citizens: A Call to Action on Privacy Governance

The rapid expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in digital platforms used by youth has created significant challenges related to privacy, autonomy, and data protection. While AI-driven personalization offers enhanced user experiences, it often operates without clear ethical boundaries, leaving young users vulnerable to data exploitation and algorithmic biases. This paper presents a call to action for ethical AI governance, advocating for a structured framework that ensures youth-centred privacy protections, transparent data practices, and regulatory oversight. We outline key areas requiring urgent intervention, including algorithmic transparency, privacy education, parental data-sharing ethics, and accountability measures. Through this approach, we seek to empower youth with greater control over their digital identities and propose actionable strategies for policymakers, AI developers, and educators to build a fairer and more accountable AI ecosystem.
CIPedia©: A Critical Infrastructure Protection and Resilience Resource

CIPedia© (www.cipedia.eu) is a Wiki-based body of common knowledge for the wide international community of critical infrastructure (CI) protection and resilience stakeholders such as policy makers, researchers, governmental agencies, emergency management organizations, CI operators, and even the public.
Science diplomacy: Investigating the perspective of scholars on politics–science collaboration in international affairs

Science diplomacy is a widely practiced area of international affairs, but academic research is rather sparse. The role of academia within this field of politics–science interaction has hardly been considered. This article analyzes this scholarly perspective: Based on a literature review, a case study of a German science diplomacy program is used to explore objectives, benefits, and constraints of science diplomacy for participating scholars. While political approaches suggest an ideal world where both sides profit from the collaboration, the findings of the case study point to another conclusion which shows that the interaction of scholars and officials in science diplomacy is far more complex. Thus, the contribution is regarded as both a useful starting point for further research and for a critical reflection of academics and politicians in science diplomacy practice to gauge what can be expected from the collaboration and what cannot.
Electrochemistry and Defect-Structure of Substituted Spinel Li-Ion Battery Cathode Materials Synthesized by Hydrothermal Methods

Abstract not Available.
Pioneering, chromatin remodeling, and epigenetic constraint in early T-cell gene regulation by SPI1 (PU.1)

SPI1 (also known as PU.1) is a dominant but transient regulator in early T-cell precursors and a potent transcriptional controller of developmentally important pro-T-cell genes. Before T-lineage commitment, open chromatin is frequently occupied by PU.1, and many PU.1 sites lose accessibility when PU.1 is later down-regulated. Pioneering activity of PU.1 was tested in this developmentally dynamic context by quantitating the relationships between PU.1 occupancy and site quality and accessibility as PU.1 levels naturally declined in pro-T-cell development and by using stage-specific gain- and loss-of-function perturbations to relate binding to effects on target genes. PU.1 could bind closed genomic sites, but rapidly opened many of them, despite the absence of its frequent collaborator, CEBPA. RUNX motifs and RUNX1 binding were often linked to PU.1 at open sites, but highly expressed PU.1 could bind its sites without RUNX1. The dynamic properties of PU.1 engagements implied that PU.1 binding affinity and concentration determine its occupancy choices, but with quantitative trade-offs for occupancy between site sequence quality and stage-dependent site accessibility in chromatin. At nonpromoter sites, PU.1 binding criteria were more stringent than at promoters, and PU.1 was also much more effective as a transcriptional regulator at nonpromoter sites where local chromatin accessibility depended on the presence of PU.1. Notably, closed chromatin presented a qualitative barrier to occupancy by the PU.1 DNA-binding domain alone. Thus, effective pioneering at closed chromatin sites also depends on requirements beyond site recognition, served by non-DNA-binding domains of PU.1.
A prototype for integrating automatic fault tree/event tree/HAZOP analysis

Abstract   The prototype of an integrated hazard analysis system IHAS has been developed in this study. Essentially any process can be analyzed with this software if the system topology is correctly supplied by user. Three widely accepted hazard assessment procedures, i.e. FTA, ETA and HAZOP, can be performed automatically. From the results obtained in practical applications, one can see that the quality of hazard analysis can be improved if IHAS is used as an aid to the human experts.
LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF LANGUAGE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AS A COMPONENT OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION OF UKRAINE

The purpose of the study is to reveal the content of the legislative support of language rights of national minorities of Ukraine in the field of education in the context of its European integration and to clarify the internal and external factors affecting it. The political-legal method of research is used, which consists in the analysis of political-legal norms and political factors that influenced and influence their formation and functioning. The provisions of the legislation of Ukraine regarding ensuring the language rights of national minorities in the field of education of Ukraine in the period from the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Languages in the Ukrainian SSR” (October 1989) to the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On National Minorities (Communities) of Ukraine” (December 2022) were analyzed ). The peculiarities of the transformation of the language legislation of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression and the European integration of Ukraine are clarified. The analysis of the language legislation of Ukraine was carried out using the conclusions and recommendations of the European Commission for Democracy through Law (Venice Commission). The objective conditionality of the narrowing of the linguistic and educational rights of the national minorities of Ukraine in the conditions of Russian aggression in Crimea and Donbas and the full-scale invasion of Russian troops into the territory of Ukraine is emphasized. A conclusion was made about the need for further improvement of the legislation of Ukraine on the language rights of national minorities in the field of education in the context of the European integration of Ukraine.
Robotic Surgical Simulation

Robotic surgery has undergone exponential growth and has ever developing utilization. The explosion of new technologies and regulation have led to challenges in training surgeons who desire this skill set. We review the current state of robotic simulation and incorporation of simulation into surgical training curricula. In addition to the literature review, results of a questionnaire survey study of 21 expert and novice surgeons attending a Urologic Robotic Oncology conference using 3 different robotic skill simulation devices are discussed. An increasing number of robotic surgery simulators have had some degree of validation study of their use in surgical education curricula and proficiency testing. Although simulators are advantageous, confirmation of construct and predictive validity of robotic simulators and their reliability as a training tool will be necessary before they are integrated into the surgical credentialing process.
Freedom Regarding Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights for Adolescents and Young Adults of Haut-Sassandra, Côte d’Ivoire: A Study of Stakeholder Opinion

In recent years, the sexual and reproductive health of adolescents and young adults (ages 10–24) in Africa has improved through national and international initiatives. However, major challenges remain in enabling young people to exercise their sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHRs), especially in Côte d’Ivoire. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of stakeholders on the freedom of choice of adolescents and young adults with regard to SRHRs in Haut-Sassandra, Côte d’Ivoire. We conducted this qualitative descriptive study between September and October 2023. Participants were selected using a purposive sampling method. Overall, 137 stakeholders participated in the study: 57 teachers and administrators, 17 community leaders, and 63 parents. Data were collected through interviews and focus groups, using an interview guide. Through a deductive thematic approach, we identified three forms of freedom of choice: conditional, absent, and absolute. The average age of the study participants was 46.1 years. The findings reveal that several factors influence the freedom of choice among adolescents and young adults regarding their SRHRs. These include age, gender, parental involvement, prior education, autonomy, and perceived maturity. Limited freedom was commonly associated with younger age (10–18 years), perceived immaturity, and a lack of autonomy. In contrast, greater freedom was linked to older age (18–24 years) and higher levels of perceived maturity. Stakeholders’ perspectives were shaped by cultural and religious norms, a protective attitude toward youth, and a sense of disengagement from adolescent concerns. This study underscores the importance of interventions aimed at increasing stakeholders’ knowledge and awareness of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive rights.
Experimental Evaluation of ACO for Continuous Domains to Solve Function Optimization Problems

A new Ant Colony Optimization \(\text {ACO}_\text {B}\) to solve function optimization problems (FOP) is evaluated experimentally by using ten standard multimodal test functions such as Michaelwicz’s function. In \(\text {ACO}_\text {B}\), ants search for solutions in binary search space and can improve the accuracy of solutions by the stepwise localization of search space. Experiments show that \(\text {ACO}_\text {B}\) can keep the balance between accuracy and efficiency to search for optimum solutions, and that it can reduce the population size of \(\text {ACO}_\text {R}\), which is a preceding ACO based on real search space. It is also shown that Covariance Matrix Adaptation-Evolution Strategy (CMA-ES) is superior in computational time but lacks the accuracy of solutions, and that Genetic Algorithm (GA) is superior in the ratio of getting the optimum solutions but weak in the performance.
Have Gender Gaps in Insurance Coverage and Access to Care Narrowed under Health Reform? Findings from Massachusetts

Under its health reform legislation, Massachusetts has achieved near universal insurance coverage, along with significant gains in health care access and affordability. This paper examines the impacts of health reform in Massachusetts on differences in coverage, access, and affordability for women and men. We find that both women and men gained under health reform, with the gender gap in insurance coverage narrowed as men's coverage increased relative to that of women. However, the gaps in access and affordability of care have not narrowed—women in Massachusetts continue to report more unmet need for care and problems affording care than men.
Streamline-Based Simulation of Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Saline Aquifers

Subsurface sequestration of CO2 has received attention from the global scientific community in response to climate change concerns due to higher concentrations of CO2 in the atmosphere. Mathematical models have thus been developed to aid the understanding of multiphase flow of CO2 and trapping mechanisms during subsurface sequestration. Solutions to these models have ranged from analytical, semi-analytical and numerical methods, each having its merits and limitations in terms of underlying physics, computational speed and accuracy. We present a streamline-based method for modeling CO2 transport in saline aquifers which leverages sub-grid resolution capabilities of streamlines in capturing small- and large-scale heterogeneity effects during CO2 injection. Our approach is based on an iterative IMPES scheme and accounts for the physical processes characteristic of CO2 injection in saline aquifers. These include compressibility, gravity, capillarity, mutual solubility, precipitation and formation dry-out effects. Our streamline simulation method provides an extension of previous streamline-based models through rigorous treatment of transverse fluxes arising from compressibility, gravity and capillary effects. We present series of examples encompassing different levels of geologic and geometrical complexity to illustrate the relevance, accuracy and computational efficiency of the approach.
A Phenomenological Exploration of Cognitive- Behavioral Strategies and Psychological Resilience in Dissertation Writing: EFL Master’s Students’ Experiences and Perceptions

This study explores the experiences and perceptions of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) master’s students in using cognitive-behavioral strategies to promote psychological resilience during the dissertation writing process. Many students face a high level of stress, anxiety, academic burnout, low motivation, time mismanagement, and procrastination. These factors affect their mental health and hinder their ability to meet the demands of academic writing. The current study adopts a phenomenological approach to investigate participants' experiences and challenges in completing their master’s dissertations. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and reflective journals. The findings reveal that cognitive-behavioral strategies such as planning, self-reflection, and breaking down tasks were not consistently used by participants to manage stress and overcome psychological and academic adversities. This inadequate and often unconscious use of strategies negatively affected their ability to effectively cope with academic pressure. However, a consistent application of these strategies plays a critical role in fostering psychological resilience and improving students’ coping mechanisms. The study underscores the relevance of psychological interventions and counseling services to address students’ needs and challenges
Major-, trace-element and Sr-Nd-Hf isotope geochemistry of diamondiferous dykes from Tonguma and Koidu, Sierra Leone: Highly micaceous kimberlites formed by assimilation of metasomatised lithospheric mantle rocks

ISSN:1872-6836
Predicting land-use change for biodiversity conservation and climate-change mitigation and its effect on ecosystem services in a watershed in Japan

Abstract   Potential conflicts between biodiversity conservation and climate-change mitigation can result in trade-offs in multiple-use land management. This study aimed to detect possible changes in land-use patterns in response to biodiversity conservation and climate-change mitigation measures and the effects on ecosystem services across a watershed. We analyzed land-cover change based on past and future scenarios in the rural Kushiro watershed in northern Japan. The analysis showed that if no conservation measures were implemented and the timber and agricultural industry remained small until 2060, supporting and provisioning services would decline due to less land management. Although biodiversity conservation measures are predicted to improve three of the ecosystem services that we studied, carbon sequestration and timber production would be improved to a greater degree by climate-change mitigation measures. The greatest land-cover changes are likely to occur in the unprotected area around the middle reaches of the Kushiro River, and such changes could affect the provision of ecosystem services throughout the entire watershed. Thus, our findings indicate that landuse decisions for the middle reaches of the watershed are particularly important for managing the integrated ecosystem services of the entire watershed for the future.