ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Statistical Mechanics of the Collective Jahn-Teller Phase Transition

An exact treatment of a cooperative Jahn-Teller transition is presented. The results are expressed in terms of the thermodynamic properties of the Ising model. The dynamic behavior of fluctuations is discussed in terms of irreversible thermodynamics. I. INTRODUCI'ION II. FREE ENERGY Models describing cooperative Jahn-Teller transitions have for the most part been treated in the random-phase approximation (RPA). ' 4 In RPA, the static thermal averages are determined in the mean-field approximation, while the dynamic behavior is described by equations of motion linearized about the mean-field values. A somewhat improved approximation, which has been considered by Halperin, is applicable under certain conditions for the case of two nondegenerate electronic levels. ' In the present paper an exact statistical mechanical treatment is given for a model containing all the essential features of the cooperative Jahn-Teller transition. The results are expressed in terms of the statistical mechanical properties of the Ising model. The model describes the interaction of a doubly degenerate electronic level at each lattice site with nondegenerate elastic strain and optic phonons of a given symmetry (at q = 0). Only a linear coupling between the phonons and the electronic system wi)l be considered. The Hamiltonian then takes the form'
What Would You Do? Specialists’ Perspectives on Cancer Genetic Testing, Prophylactic Surgery, and Insurance Discrimination

PURPOSE: To examine what cancer genetics specialists predict they would do personally if they were at 50% risk of carrying a mutation that predisposes to hereditary breast/ovarian cancer (BRCA1/BRCA2) and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC).  METHODS: Questionnaire survey of the membership of the National Society of Genetic Counselors (NSGC) Special Interest Group (SIG) in Cancer.  RESULTS: Of the 296 active members of the NSGC Cancer-SIG surveyed, 163 (55%) responded. Eighty-five percent predicted that if they had a 50% risk of carrying a BRCA1/BRCA2 mutation, they would pursue genetic testing. If they tested positive for a mutation at age 35, 25% predicted they would pursue prophylactic bilateral mastectomies and 68%, prophylactic oophorectomy. Ninety-one percent of respondents believe they would pursue genetic testing for HNPCC, and 17% would elect prophylactic colectomy; 54%, prophylactic hysterectomy; and 52%, prophylactic oophorectomy if they tested positive for a mutation. The majority (68%) would not bill their insurance companies for genetic testing because of fear of discrimination, and 26% would use an alias when undergoing testing. Fifty-seven percent of counselors would seek professional psychologic support to help them cope with the results of testing.  CONCLUSION: A large percentage of cancer genetic counseling providers predicted they would opt for prophylactic surgery at a young age if they carried a BRCA or HNPCC mutation, and most would seek professional psychologic assistance when undergoing testing. More than half of respondents would not bill their insurance companies for genetic testing, largely because of fear of genetic discrimination. The vast majority of those providers most familiar with cancer genetic testing and its associated medical, psychologic, and legal implications would still pursue genetic testing.
Dynamics of the Upwind Heliosphere Due to Data-Driven, Solar Wind and Magnetic Field Variations and Implications for Wave Propagation into the Very Local Interstellar Medium

We introduce an updated, time-dependent treatment to the split-tail ("croissant-like") heliosphere model with data-driven solar wind conditions at 1 au, to study the evolution of the heliosphere with solar-cycle variations in plasma speed, plasma density, and magnetic field intensity. The model produces a sub-Alfvénic and low beta region, not observed by the Voyagers, ~15 au ahead of the heliopause. The simulated magnetic field and radial flow depart from Voyager observations in this region, indicating that time-dependent effects alone are not sufficient to understand this regime of the heliosheath. We decompose fast and slow magnetosonic wave modes from time-dependent plasma pulse structures in the heliosheath, using a linear Riemann variable analysis, for the first time. Fast mode waves can both reflect at the heliopause and transmit into the interstellar medium, and their speeds are unaffected by the low beta plasma regime in front of the heliopause. The model reproduces the pf2 jump in the magnetic field at ~2020 in the interstellar medium and we attribute the source of pressure fronts observed by Voyager 1 in the interstellar medium, and pressure pulses observed by Voyager 2 in the heliosheath, to fast mode waves that are commonly recurring solar-cycle features. The presence of fast mode waves drive a highly variable termination shock, with average radial speeds of 6.05 au yr$^{-1}$ $\pm$ 5.37 au yr$^{-1}$ in the New Horizons direction. We find that the termination shock has a sinusoidal-like oscillatory motion in the rising phase of the solar cycle, and broad inward motions during the declining phase.
Fostering exploration and exploitation behavior in management teams to enhance organizational performance: the LearnOvation leadership development program

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impact and effectiveness of the LearnOvation leadership development program in the welfare services sector in Sweden.Design/methodology/approachLearnOvation was based on ambidexterity theory for the program content and the research study design. A mixed-method design was applied, using questionnaires among staff (n = 523) and written evaluations with the management teams (n = 60).FindingsQuantitative analysis of the questionnaires indicated little change in managers' and staffs' innovation behaviors, though employee exploration behaviors were strongly and positively correlated with their innovation behaviors. Qualitative leader-written evaluations reported increased understanding of innovation management and the use of exploration and exploitation activities to involve staff in the implementation of creative ideas within the organization.Practical implicationsThe authors argue that innovating is about creating a fertile ground for exploration and exploitation processes of learning that support staff's willingness to meet goals, as well as their capability to explore new ideas and experiment in new ways of working. Leadership development activities that engage the entire management team can build the necessary capacity and power to lead innovation processes in highly structured welfare services and free the employees' innovativeness, potentially leading to improved services and employee satisfaction.Originality/valueWith the goal of enhancing the innovation capacity in daily practice, this study adds to the scarcity of research in welfare services on how to actually support management's work on leading successful implementation of creative ideas.
The development of economic sanctions in the practice of the United Nations Security Council

The United Nations was established in the belief that working together states could curb the use of force and the damage to states and individuals associated with it. Upon its creation the United Nations Security Council became the global policeman enforcing the rules of the Charter aided by the weapons contained in Chapter V11. One of those weapons was the recourse to economic sanctions. In theory, if the economic lifeblood of a state is cut off it will be forced to modify its behaviour without the need for military intervention. As such, economic sanctions are an attractive resource for an institution seeking to avoid recourse to the use of force. In practice, however, economic sanctions have proven to be a complex tool, which have caused significant damage to those targeted by them. They have caused significant humanitarian difficulties, have been widely breached and have, in some instances, only served as a prelude to the use of force. Literature in this field to date has concentrated on single sanctions regimes or particular aspects of sanctions. It has, therefore, failed to get to the heart of the issue, which is: what has caused these problems, are they being appropriately addressed and how should they be resolved going forward. This thesis focuses on these issues. By tracing the development of economic sanctions from the establishment of the United Nations to date it offers a unique perspective on how they have evolved. It uses case studies and illustrative examples supported by a wide range of legal, political, historical and economic material to show the context in which economic sanctions are taken. It also critically analyses the difficulties that have arisen with sanctions regimes and the attempts that have been made to resolve them. Aligned to the consideration of economic sanctions is a reflection on the extent to which the power of the United Nations Security Council has developed during this time period. It suggests that the United Nations use of economic sanctions, in light of recent judicial decisions, is under threat and offers a solution in the form of a proposal for two new institutions, which would support the United Nations in its use of economic sanctions.
A review of smartphone applications designed to improve occupational health, safety, and well-being at workplaces

Abstract                 Background                 As smartphones become more widespread, software applications for occupational health, safety and well-being (OHS&amp;W) at work are increasing. There is sparse knowledge about the available apps and the research evidence of their effects. This study aims to identify available smartphone applications designed to improve OHS&amp;W at workplaces, and examine to what extent the apps are scientifically validated.                                Methods                 We searched the Danish App Store and Google Play for free OHS&amp;W apps. Apps were included if they targeted OHS&amp;W and were designed for workplace use. After categorizing the apps, we searched bibliographic databases to identify scientific studies on the ‘intervention apps’.                                Results                 Altogether, 57 apps were included in the study; 19 apps were categorized as digital sources of information, 37 apps contained an intervention designed for workplace changes, and one app had too sparse information to be classified. Based on the publicly available information about the 37 intervention apps, only 13 had references to research. The bibliographic database search returned 531 publications, resulting in four relevant studies referring to four apps aimed at ergonomic measures, noise exposure, and well-being, which showed either limited effect or methodological limitations.                                Conclusion                 There is no conceptual clarity about what can be categorized as an OHS&amp;W app. Although some of the apps were developed based on scientific research, there is a need to evaluate the apps’ effects in promoting OHS&amp;W. The sparse documentation of evidence should be kept in mind when applying apps to improve OHS&amp;W.
Bio-Value-at-Risk: A Scenario-based Concept to Assessing the Implications of Biodiversity Risks on Financial Portfolio Management using Geospatial Analysis

Biodiversity loss poses an increasingly material risk to companies and investors, yet its integration into corporate and financial risk management remains limited due to data scarcity, methodological fragmentation, and a lack of spatial precision. This paper introduces the Bio-Value-at-Risk (BioVaR) framework, a bottom-up, scenario-based approach that quantifies the financial implications of biodiversity loss at the level of individual corporate assets. By overlaying geospatial biodiversity indicators derived from high-resolution remote sensing data with asset-level operational information, the method attributes localized ecosystem impacts to specific company sites. These physical impacts are translated into site-specific financial loss estimates through empirically calibrated cost functions, which incorporate both physical and transition risks, including regulatory and reputational effects. Aggregating these local losses across a firm’s operations allows the construction of biodiversity-conditioned financial statements and the estimation of valuation effects on equity and debt positions. When consistently applied across firms, these company-level valuations form the basis for portfolio-level risk measures such as BioVaR or biodiversity-related Expected Shortfall.The framework generalizes established principles of operational risk management to nature-related risks and connects geospatial environmental data with financial valuation models and scenario analysis. It enables the derivation of probability distributions of biodiversity-related financial losses under globally consistent scenarios, including those conditioned on climate pathways or regional regulatory responses. Compared with prevailing top-down approaches, BioVaR provides higher spatial, temporal, and sectoral resolution, allowing investors, regulators, and policymakers to identify, price, and manage biodiversity risk exposures through targeted investment, lending, and credit decisions rather than sector-wide exclusions.The study demonstrates that linking satellite-based biodiversity metrics with asset-level financial data enables consistent quantification, internalization, and aggregation of nature-related risks within corporate risk frameworks and portfolio management. The BioVaR concept thus advances the operationalization of spatial sustainable finance and offers a scalable, data-driven pathway toward integrating biodiversity considerations into financial risk analysis, disclosure, and strategic decision-making.
The Roma Community and International Institutions: Only Relative Success in the Protection of Human and Minority Rights

The paper treats problems pertaining to the legislative framework, as well as to the practical implementation of mechanisms for the protection of the human and minority rights of the Roma community. Special emphasis is placed on international and European protective mechanisms, on the pressure that they exert on national states, as well as on their frameworks for protecting the human rights of the Roma community, which – in view of the absence of a mother state in this case – is the only guarantee for the respect of Roma human rights. International frameworks and activities are also the only guarantee assuring the social integration of the Roma, a goal towards which modern European society strives. The paper attempts to determine the position of Croatia in respect to European countries in this matter, with special reference to problems in education faced by the Roma community and on the experience of the non-governmental and donator sector in regard to work with the Roma community. An overview of existing documents and acts reveals that a legislative framework for respecting Roma rights already exists, and that the European Union just has to supplement it with a legislative document exclusively dealing with the problems of the Roma, given the specific aspects of realising the human rights of members of this community. In the implementation of legislative acts, however, there is a series of inconsistencies, resulting from inadequate monitoring of the implementation of European documents, from an absence of repercussions for non-implementing them and from an imbalanced approach to old and new members of the European Union. In the context of association with the European community of states, Croatia has an opportunity to improve the position of its Roma community in a relatively short period of time and to accelerate the social integration of the Roma, although – due to an unsatisfactory and non-systematic approach, no consultations with experts and slow responses of the system’s institutions – this chance has not been adequately utilised.
Secondary School Teachers’ Disorder-Specific Mental Health Literacy About Depression, Anxiety, Early Psychosis and Suicide Risk: A Scoping Review

Considering the high prevalence of adolescent depression and anxiety, the profound functional consequences of untreated early psychosis and suicide being the number one cause of death in Australia among 15–19-year-olds, ensuring that teachers are literate about these disorders should be a high priority. Teachers’ disorder-specific literacy is a pragmatic response to healthcare system constraints. This scoping review aimed to map the evidence of teacher mental health literacy training programs, specifically for depression, anxiety, early psychosis and suicide risk. PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. Included studies were published in English between 2000 and 2024, focused on teachers working with students in Year 7–12 and measured teachers’ knowledge of depression, anxiety, psychosis or suicide risk. Studies were appraised for quality. Eighteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine evaluated knowledge of student depression, five evaluated knowledge of anxiety and five evaluated knowledge of psychosis, while nine studies focused on suicide risk. Providing disorder-specific training and evaluation, rather than general mental health literacy training, is recommended for future research. When healthcare systems lack the capacity to provide care for ill adolescents, schools often function as frontline sites for recognition and triage. Disorder-specific literacy is recommended for teachers so they can manage their real-world, health-system compensation role.
Stability of motion of N-body systems

Complications arising from the non-compact nature of the phase space of N-body systems prevent any asymptotic characterization of chaotic behaviour (since no equilibrium final states can exist). This leads us to revisit some of the old results concerning geodesic stability on Lagrangian manifolds. These cannot be applied directly but may be useful when properly reinterpreted. A method for doing that is described along with some tests of its validity and possible future applications.
SHEET: A Multi-purpose Open-source Speech Human Evaluation Estimation Toolkit

We introduce SHEET, a multi-purpose open-source toolkit designed to accelerate subjective speech quality assessment (SSQA) research. SHEET stands for the Speech Human Evaluation Estimation Toolkit, which focuses on data-driven deep neural network-based models trained to predict human-labeled quality scores of speech samples. SHEET provides comprehensive training and evaluation scripts, multi-dataset and multi-model support, as well as pre-trained models accessible via Torch Hub and HuggingFace Spaces. To demonstrate its capabilities, we re-evaluated SSL-MOS, a speech self-supervised learning (SSL)-based SSQA model widely used in recent scientific papers, on an extensive list of speech SSL models. Experiments were conducted on two representative SSQA datasets named BVCC and NISQA, and we identified the optimal speech SSL model, whose performance surpassed the original SSL-MOS implementation and was comparable to state-of-the-art methods.
Standardisation of the Legislation as a Follow-Up to the Constitutional Court’s Decision on Judicial Review of Omnibus Law

The re-examination of the Job Creation Law in 2023 highlights a serious issue in the national legislative system, specifically the follow-up to the Constitutional Court’s (MK) decisions in judicial review cases (PUU) concerning the Omnibus Law. The urgency of this research stems from the high demand among lawmakers for drafting laws in the omnibus format and the potential for judicial review of such laws. This research contributes to addressing the follow-up to the Constitutional Court’s decisions by focusing on the choice of legislative forms as a response to these rulings. The research employs normative legal methods with conceptual, legislative, and case-based approaches. The findings emphasize the need to standardise the type of regulation to ensure the executability of the Constitutional Court’s decisions. The ideal regulatory form for implementing the Court’s rulings on the Omnibus Law is a law. Therefore, it is necessary to legitimise the use of laws as the standard form of follow-up to the Constitutional Court’s decisions on the Omnibus Law to maximise the executability of these rulings.
Identification and Validation of an Instrument to Measure Physicians‘and Nurses' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Antibiotic Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship

Background: In Italy, the presence of a suitable instrument to measure the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of intensive care physicians and nurses with respect to antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship could not be identified Objectives: To validate the Italian version of the Ashiru-Oredope tool used by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) in 2019 to investigate intensive care nurses' and physicians' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic resistance. Methods:  Content validity was assessed using the Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI), Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) score, Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) score, and Average Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was then carried out together with cluster analysis (CA) to check the correspondence of the items with the eight subdivision domains of the scale.   Results: The final version consisted of 55/60 deemed relevant items, with Item-Content Validity Index (I-CVI) scores ranging from 0,625 to 1. The Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Universal Agreement (S-CVI/UA) score was 0.43; the Scale Level-Content Validity Index/Average (S-CVI/Ave) 0.90. The mean CVR of the scale was 0.43. The inter-rater reliability (Cohen's K) was between good and excellent. The combination of MCA and CA confirmed the correspondence of the items with the domains. Conclusion: The Italian version is a reliable and valid instrument for investigating antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial stewardship among Italian intensive care nurses and physicians.
Innovation and Challenges in Product Design Paradigms Based on Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC):  A Review

This review critically examines the transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) on each stage of product design, offering an integrative analysis of how generative tools reshape workflows, creativity, and evaluation criteria. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the applications, innovations, and challenges of AIGC in product design workflows, focusing on its roles in key stages such as requirement analysis, conceptual design, detailed design, and prototyping. The study highlights AIGC's notable advantages in sparking creativity, optimizing design tools, and fostering interdisciplinary collaboration. This study also identifies key limitations in current research, including an over-reliance on AI systems, the lack of empirical validation for proposed design frameworks, and insufficient exploration of human–AI co-creation mechanisms. The paper summarizes the core innovations of AIGC, including leveraging generative AI technologies to build customized databases and design models, integrating AIGC tools into modular design processes, and exploring innovative design frameworks. The authors also propose future research directions, such as optimizing human-AI collaboration models and expanding AIGC applications across various industries. Through this article, researchers, designers, and industry practitioners can gain valuable theoretical and practical insights to further leverage AIGC for driving continuous innovation in the field of product design.