ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Causality Analysis of Construction Failure Using The Event Tree Analysis Method and Fault Tree Analysis

A Hotel Apartment project had to be halted, leaving the existing building abandoned for several years. The adverse impacts of abandoned buildings can be structural, physical, environmental, aesthetic, health, economic, reputational, and ecological. Abandoned buildings with unknown structural strength are very vulnerable to disasters and can be dangerous if they collapse. This research was conducted to analyze the causality of construction failure in an Apartment Hotel that has been abandoned for the past 6 years using the Event Tree Analysis (ETA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) methods. The study aimed to determine the probability and causes of construction failures and identify the associated risks. Visually, the building experienced some damage to some of the structural components that had been built. The results of the Rapid Visual Screening analysis show that the building has damage to the components of the existing structural elements with a percentage of 43.67% and is included in the Moderate Damage damage level category. Based on the RVS results, an evaluation is carried out using Event Tree Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis to determine the causal flow of construction failure scenarios and the causes of construction failure.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors potentiate photodynamic therapy in colon cancer cells marked by chromatin-mediated epigenetic regulation of CDKN1A

Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy (HY-PDT) has recently captured increased attention as an alternative minimally invasive anticancer treatment, although cancer cells may acquire resistance. Therefore, combination treatments may be necessary to enhance HY-PDT efficacy. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) are often used in combination treatments due to their non-genotoxic properties and epigenetic potential to sensitize cells to external stimuli. Therefore, this study attempts for the first time to investigate the therapeutic effects of HDACis in combination with visible light-mediated PDT against cancer. Specifically, the colorectal cancer cell model was used due to its known resistance to HY-PDT.Two chemical groups of HDACis were tested in combination with HY-PDT: the hydroxamic acids Saha and Trichostatin A, and the short-chain fatty acids valproic acid and sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB), as inhibitors of all-class versus nuclear HDACs, respectively. The selected HDACis manifest a favorable clinical toxicity profile and showed similar potencies and mechanisms in intragroup comparisons but different biological effects in intergroup analyses. HDACi combination with HY-PDT significantly attenuated cancer cell resistance to treatment and caused the two HDACi groups to become similarly potent. However, the short-chain fatty acids, in combination with HY-PDT, showed increased selectivity towards inhibition of HDACs versus other key epigenetic enzymes, and NaPB induced the strongest expression of the otherwise silenced tumor suppressor CDKN1A, a hallmark gene for HDACi-mediated chromatin modulation. Epigenetic regulation of CDKN1A by NaPB was associated with histone acetylation at enhancer and promoter elements rather than histone or DNA methylation at those or other regulatory regions of this gene. Moreover, NaPB, compared to the other HDACis, caused milder effects on global histone acetylation, suggesting a more specific effect on CDKN1A chromatin architecture relative to global chromatin structure. The mechanism of NaPB + HY-PDT was P53-dependent and likely driven by the HY-PDT rather than the NaPB constituent.Our results show that HDACis potentiate the antitumor efficacy of HY-PDT in colorectal cancer cells, overcoming their resistance to this drug and epigenetically reactivating the expression of CDKN1A. Besides their therapeutic potential, hypericin and these HDACis are non-genotoxic constituents of dietary agents, hence, represent interesting targets for investigating mechanisms of dietary-based cancer prevention.
Design for Understanding: How Format Influences Comprehension and Confidence in AI-Generated Patient-Friendly Radiology Reports.

Determine whether the format of AI-generated patient-friendly reports (PFRs) affects laypeople's comprehension of medical information.In a within-subjects study, 116 participants viewed radiology reports alongside AI-generated PFR versions in three formats: dictionary (term definitions), block (full translation), and a novel sentence-based format (paired source-translation sentences for cross-referencing). Objective and subjective comprehension, confidence, and response time were measured.Relative to the dictionary format, objective comprehension odds were higher for sentence (OR 2.31, [1.36-3.94]) and block (OR 2.23, [1.30-3.80]), and subjective comprehension was higher for sentence (OR 4.63, [2.24-9.57]) and block (OR 2.18, [1.13-4.23]). Response confidence was higher for sentence (OR 3.75, [2.41-5.84]) and block (OR 2.21, [1.45-3.35]) than dictionary, with sentence higher than block (p_adj<0.05). Confidence decreased on later trials (OR 0.82, [0.69-0.97]) and for longer reports (OR 0.55, [0.41-0.75]). Response times were faster for sentence (ratio 0.74, [0.66-0.83]) and block (ratio 0.71, [0.64-0.80]) than dictionary; longer reports and higher health-confidence slowed responses. Higher response confidence associated with greater objective (OR 2.75, [1.84-4.13]; p<0.001) and subjective comprehension (b=0.59; p<0.001).Presentation format is a key, modifiable factor influencing how laypeople interpret AI-generated PFRs. Sentence and block formats showed higher comprehension, confidence, and faster responses than a dictionary format. The novel sentence-based format elicited the highest confidence, suggesting that cross-referencing between AI output and source text fosters trust and supports understanding. These findings highlight the critical role of user interface design in effective AI-generated patient communication.
Stem Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine

Stem cell therapy has recently progressed from the preclinical to the early clinical trial arena for a variety of disease states. Two review articles published in the current issue of Mayo Clinic Proceedings address the use of stem cells for cardiac repair and bone disorders.1,2 These articles provide state-of-the-art information regarding 2 important aspects of an exciting topic with wide-ranging therapeutic potential in a manner relevant to the Proceedings' core audience of practicing clinicians. Stem cell therapy is potentially applicable to all subspecialties of medicine, but both articles stress that caution is required in interpreting the current role of these technologies in medical practice.
Collaborative Filtering Recommender Systems

Recommender systems are an important part of the information and e-commerce ecosystem. They represent a powerful method for enabling users to filter through large information and product spaces. Nearly two decades of research on collaborative filtering have led to a varied set of algorithms and a rich collection of tools for evaluating their performance. Research in the field is moving in the direction of a richer understanding of how recommender technology may be embedded in specific domains. The differing personalities exhibited by different recommender algorithms show that recommendation is not a one-size-fits-all problem. Specific tasks, information needs, and item domains represent unique problems for recommenders, and design and evaluation of recommenders needs to be done based on the user tasks to be supported. Effective deployments must begin with careful analysis of prospective users and their goals. Based on this analysis, system designers have a host of options for the choice of algorithm and for its embedding in the surrounding user experience. This paper discusses a wide variety of the choices available and their implications, aiming to provide both practicioners and researchers with an introduction to the important issues underlying recommenders and current best practices for addressing these issues.
Biologic Treatment in Combination with Lifestyle Intervention in Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis and Concomitant Metabolic Syndrome: Rationale and Methodology of the METABOLyx Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Inflammatory diseases including psoriasis are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Obesity is associated with greater psoriasis disease severity and reduced response to treatment. Therefore, targeting metabolic comorbidities could improve patients’ health status and psoriasis-specific outcomes. METABOLyx is a randomized controlled trial evaluating the combination of a lifestyle intervention program with secukinumab treatment in psoriasis. Here, the rationale, methodology and baseline patient characteristics of METABOLyx are presented. A total of 768 patients with concomitant moderate to severe plaque psoriasis and metabolic syndrome were randomized to secukinumab 300 mg, or secukinumab 300 mg plus a tailored lifestyle intervention program, over 24 weeks. A substudy of immunologic and metabolic biomarkers is ongoing. The primary endpoint of METABOLyx is PASI90 response at week 24. Other endpoints include patient-reported outcomes and safety. METABOLyx represents the first large scale clinical trial of an immunomodulatory biologic in combination with a standardized lifestyle intervention.
Beyond Policy: Strengthening District Level Access to Surgery Is Critical to Achieving Surgical Equity in Universal Health Coverage Comment on "Improving Access to Surgery Through Surgical Team Mentoring – Policy Lessons From Group Model Building With Local Stakeholders in Malawi"

District level access to surgical care has been identified as the rate limiting step to increasing access to the bottom billion and relies on a complex interplay of patient-related and system-based factors that underlie the provision of quality surgical care at point of care. Surgical mentoring via visiting teams, use of current proprietary technologies to enhance communication, establishment of a national surgical coordinator and multi-stakeholder engagement with creative cost-sharing have all demonstrated promising results. Regardless of strategic implementation frameworks, system-based thinking coupled with implementation science with practical solutions will be necessary to inform stakeholders on the best way forward in their respective geographic field of work charting a path towards surgical equity in universal health coverage (UHC).
Barriers and enablers to secondary use of multi-regional linked administrative health data for three distinct user groups: academic researchers, health-system knowledge users, and private sector researchers

Objective and ApproachWe analyzed barriers and enablers to accessing pan-Canadian health sector data and data analytic services for three distinct user groups: 1) academic researchers, 2) health-system knowledge users (KUs), and 3) private sector researchers. Specifically, we a) conducted a legislative and policy scan regarding use of health administrative data for research, quality improvement, and health system management and b) systematically consulted with data centre directors and staff, privacy and legal experts, knowledge users (KUs), private sector entities, and university and government officials. ResultsKUs and private sector organizations face unique barriers because structures and regulations related to data access and use are set at multiple university and government institutions and are primarily designed for academic research. Additionally, data repositories often have specific policy/legislative barriers to working with KUs and/or private sector researchers. However, all groups face common issues including variations in regional regulations and policies making harmonized and streamlined processes challenging; lengthy data access and ethics review processes; and regional variations in data availability. Enablers included diverse expertise and initiatives across Canada such as: initiatives to streamline ethics reviews for multi-regional research, expand data holdings, increase standardization and harmonization, and implement systems for federated analyses. ConclusionsAccess to health system data and analytics in Canada varies by user group and across regions.  Although each user group faces unique challenges, they also all have many barriers and enablers in common. ImplicationsImproving health system data access for one use group has the potential to benefit the others.
Multicentre Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Iraq: Implications for National Stewardship Policy and WHO AWaRe–Aligned Public Health Strategies (Preprint)

BACKGROUND                   Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major public health threat globally, with disproportionate impact in low- and middle-income countries where surveillance systems are often fragmented. In Iraq, nationally integrated, multicentre resistance data to support stewardship policy and WHO AWaRe–aligned interventions remain limited.                                                     OBJECTIVE                   To characterise multicentre antimicrobial resistance patterns across hospital and community settings in Iraq and evaluate their implications for national surveillance strengthening and antimicrobial stewardship policy                                                     METHODS                   We performed a multicentre cross-sectional analysis of routine microbiology data from four Iraqi governorates representing approximately 10% of the national population. De-duplicated isolates (first isolate per patient per specimen type) were included. Multidrug resistance (MDR) was defined as non-susceptibility to at least one agent in three or more antimicrobial classes. Resistance proportions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated and compared by clinical setting and specimen type.                                                     RESULTS                   Among 846 isolates, Escherichia coli (27.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (17.9%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.7%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (7.0%) predominated. Overall MDR prevalence was 57.3% (95% CI 53.9–60.6) and was significantly higher among inpatients (p=0.044). Third-generation cephalosporin resistance was detected in 69.3% of E. coli and 44.4% of K. pneumoniae isolates. Carbapenem resistance was present in 12.4% of E. coli, 11.1% of K. pneumoniae, and 29.4% of P. aeruginosa. Methicillin resistance was identified in 89.8% of S. aureus isolates.                                                     CONCLUSIONS                   High MDR prevalence and substantial resistance among priority pathogens highlight urgent needs for strengthened national surveillance integration, routine antibiogram reporting, and stewardship interventions aligned with WHO AWaRe targets. These findings provide operationally relevant evidence to support public health policy reform and structured AMR surveillance expansion in Iraq.
The Responsibility to Protect and the Responsibility While Protecting: An Analysis of Humanitarian Intervention and the Developing World

This paper looks at how the notion of a responsibility while protecting may play a bridging role between developed and emerging countries, rebalancing the concept of the responsibility to protect and strengthening its role in international politics. On the other hand, a critical approach to both the responsibility to protect and the responsibility while protecting will be presented in an effort to show how their discourse still contains blind spots and biases that have not been taken into account by the institutionalised debate.The first chapter will provide an account of the context that steered the formulation of the responsibility to protect and will detail the initial proposal of the ICISS. Subsequently, we will narrate the important moments in the development of the concept, such as the war in Iraq in 2003 and the World Summit in 2005. The following part will continue this narrative, with a focus on the recent conflict in Libya as the catalyst to the Brazilian suggestion of a responsibility while protecting.The paper will then examine how the responsibility to protect may be enriched by its complementary notion, exploring the potential for bridging the divide between Western and emerging powers on humanitarian intervention. Notwithstanding this potential, the final chapter will end this paper by stressing the limited nature of the institutional debate so far. This input of critical analysis is intended to foster new enquiries on the parallel development of the responsibility to protect and the responsibility while protecting.
Critical Infrastructure Resilience: Resilience Thinking in Australia's Federal Critical Infrastructure Protection Policy

Australia’s national security policy is set out in a number of complex and interrelated policy documents that span multiple agencies, impact all levels of government (federal, state and local) and require strong partnerships with the private sector. This study examines the emergence of the term and concept of critical infrastructure (CI) in modern policy and its development in Australia’s national security policy. Since its emergence in Australian federal policy, the term CI has evolved and stabilised. Yet, in the last decade CI policy has expanded to incorporate resilience thinking and the concept of critical infrastructure resilience (CIR) is now at the core of Australia’s federal CI policy. This study identifies the emergence and development of federal policy focused on protecting Australia’s most vital assets in peacetime. In doing so, it highlights that in Australian federal policy, CIR has been conceptualised in four distinct ways. However, resilience as a body of knowledge is still evolving. Articulating and analysing how resilience thinking has been incorporated into Australia’s federal CI policy, is an important next step in assessing policy focused on the protection Australia’s most vital and iconic assets.
Systems biology of the metabolic network regulated by the Akt pathway

Cancer has been proposed as an example of systems biology disease or network disease. Accordingly, tumor cells differ from their normal counterparts more in terms of intracellular network dynamics than single markers. Here we shall focus on a recently recognized hallmark of cancer, the deregulation of cellular energetics. The constitutive activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has been confirmed as an essential step toward cell transformation. We will consider how the effects of Akt activation are connected with cell metabolism; more precisely, we will review existing metabolic models and discuss the current knowledge available to construct a kinetic model of the most relevant metabolic processes regulated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. The model will enable a systems biology approach to predict the metabolic targets that may inhibit cell growth under hyper activation of Akt.
The Mirrors Used in the LIGO Interferometers for the First-time Detection of Gravitational Waves

A first direct detection of gravitational wave occurred in the LIGO interferometers. These detectors need large fused silica mirrors made with optical and mechanical properties never reached up to now. The main achievements are detailed
Special Topics in Probabilistic Safety Assessments Levels 2, 3 and PSA Applications

The special topics presented in this chapter are related to the in Probabilistic Safety Assessments (PSA) level 2 (considering failure of the reactor followed by the failure of the containment) PSA level 3 (considering that there will be release to the environment), which are evaluating the risk impact on the NPP site for the workers, and, respectively, for the environment and population. Starting with level 2 PSA the increasing degree of uncertainty in assumptions makes the tasks related to the post-processing and interpretation of results of high interest. From this perspective, some aspects are presented in detail, as, for instance, the interface between the PSA assumptions and models and the general safety paradigms adopted by the international community at a certain moment in time, the use of PSA results for various applications aimed at supporting the improvements in the safety level at NPP and the use of PSA results for the decision-making process on safety aspects. The feedback to the PSA inputs is considered also important, as well as some aspects related to the research activities supporting PSA methodology.
Implementation of a Quality Improvement Project to Increase Access to Dietitian Services for Patients With Gastrointestinal Cancer in a Safety-Net Hospital System

PURPOSE: Rates of malnutrition are high in patients with GI cancer, leading to poor outcomes. The aim of our project was to increase the rate of documented dietitian assessment in patients with GI cancer at Parkland Health and Hospital System from 5% to 25%. METHODS: Three PDSA cycles were conducted after identifying barriers to dietitian services. A registered dietitian was assigned to the GI oncology clinic during the first cycle, an adapted Malnutrition Screening Tool was implemented through the electronic medical record during the second cycle, and clinical staff training was performed during the third cycle. New patients with GI cancer seen by the registered dietitian had weight, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, and serum albumin recorded at initial visit and 3-month follow-up. Paired t tests were performed. Emergency department visits and hospital admissions were also recorded during this time. RESULTS: Through these interventions, the percentage of patients with GI cancer with documented assessment by the registered dietitian increased from 5.1% in October 2018 prior to our interventions to 21.8% in July 2019 and has sustained in the 15%-20% range thereafter. From May to July 2019, there were 63 new patients with GI cancer seen by a registered dietitian. No significant difference was observed in average difference in weight and serum albumin level at initial visit and 3-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: A nutrition-focused quality improvement project led to a more than three-fold increase in the rate of documented dietitian assessment in patients with GI cancer.
Advancing Interoperable Healthcare Through Health Information Exchange Systems

Health Information Exchange Market explores the evolving role of health information exchange systems in enabling interoperable, secure, and data-driven healthcare delivery. It highlights how seamless information sharing across healthcare providers enhances clinical decision-making, improves care coordination, and supports patient-centric outcomes. The description also examines key market dynamics, technological advancements, regional adoption trends, and competitive developments shaping the growth of health information exchange solutions within modern healthcare ecosystems.  Access Full Report- https://www.nextmsc.com/report/health-information-exchange-market