ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Final and Binding Essence on Constitutional Court’s Judgment in Judicial Review

Mahkamah Konstitusi, has specific characters, one of the typical characters is the final and binding judgement. The reality is many judgements of the constitutional court are not complied with and tend to be ignored by the legislature. Then the petitioner who feel that their constitutional rights have been violated do not have instruments to fight for their constitutional rights that have been violated by the legislators. Based on the statement above, there are problems which is studied, what underlying the basic consideration of the formation of Constitutional Court in Indonesia? And what is the essence of the final and binding of Constitutional Court’s judgements? The aim of this study is to determine and comprehend the essence contained in final and binding nature of the Constitutional Court’s judgements, especially in judicial review of UUD 1945. The method of law study used was normative law research method which is law research from internal perspective with the object of the study was law norms. It can be concluded that the basic rationale of MK formation in Indonesia, from political side, the existence of MK is required to balancing the legislators’ power. From the law side, the existance of MK is the consequence from the change of MPR supremacy become constitution supremacy. The essence of final and binding Constitutional Court’s judgement is the stand- alone judgments, so that the judgement cannot be taken by legal action. Constitutional Court judgement is erga omnes which means binding on other parties, including state administrator.
Known-group validity of patient-reported outcome instruments and hemophilia joint health score v2.1 in US adults with hemophilia: results from the Pain, Functional Impairment, and Quality of life (P-FiQ) study

Tyler W Buckner,1 Michael Wang,1 David L Cooper,2 Neeraj N Iyer,2 Christine L Kempton3 1Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 2Novo Nordisk Inc., Clinical, Medical, and Regulatory Affairs, Plainsboro,&nbsp;NJ, 3Departments of Pediatrics and Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Background: The Pain, Functional Impairment, and Quality of Life (P-FiQ) study was an observational, cross-sectional assessment of the impact of pain on functional impairment and quality of life in adults with hemophilia in the United States who experience joint pain or bleeding. Objective: To describe known-groups validity of assessment tools used in the P-FiQ study. Patients and methods: Participants completed 5 patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments (5-level EuroQoL 5-dimensional questionnaire [EQ-5D-5L] with visual analog scale [VAS], Brief Pain Inventory v2 Short Form [BPI], International Physical Activity Questionnaire [IPAQ], Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36v2], and Hemophilia Activities List [HAL]) and underwent a musculoskeletal examination (Hemophilia Joint Health Score [HJHS]) during a routine clinical visit. Results: P-FiQ enrolled 381 adults with hemophilia (median age, 34&nbsp;years). Participants were predominantly white/non-Hispanic (69.2%), 75% had congenital hemophilia A, and 70.5% had severe hemophilia. Most (n=310) reported bleeding within the past 6&nbsp;months (mean [SD] number of bleeds, 7.1 [13.00]). All instruments discriminated between relevant known (site- or self-reported) participant groups. Domains related to pain on EQ-5D-5L, BPI, and SF-36v2 discriminated self-reported pain (acute/chronic/both; P&lt;0.05), domains related to functional impairment on IPAQ, SF-36v2, and HAL discriminated self-reported functional impairment (restricted/unrestricted; P&lt;0.05), and domains related to mental health on the EQ-5D-5L and SF-36v2 discriminated self-reported anxiety/depression (yes/no; P&lt;0.01). HJHS ankle and global gait domains and global score discriminated self-reported arthritis/bone/joint problems, percentage of lifetime on prophylaxis, current treatment regimen, and hemophilia severity (P&lt;0.01); knee and elbow domains discriminated all of these (P&lt;0.01) except for current treatment regimen. Conclusion: All assessment tools demonstrated known-group validity and may have practical applicability in evaluating adults with hemophilia in clinical and research settings in the United States. Keywords: hemophilia, pain, functional impairment, quality of life, patient-reported outcome, joint health
Clinical Research Methodology 3

Randomized assignment of treatment excludes reverse causation and selection bias and, in sufficiently large studies, effectively prevents confounding. Well-implemented blinding prevents measurement bias. Studies that include these protections are called randomized, blinded clinical trials and, when conducted with sufficient numbers of patients, provide the most valid results. Although conceptually straightforward, design of clinical trials requires thoughtful trade-offs among competing approaches-all of which influence the number of patients required, enrollment time, internal and external validity, ability to evaluate interactions among treatments, and cost.
A Study on Audience Discourse and Emotional Identification of YOLO from the Perspective of Digital Humanities—Based on Corpus Text Mining of Douban Reviews

The social influence of films is closely related to audience discourse. In the context of film cultural communication, there is growing attention to exploring how audience discourse reflects film reception and social responses. This study employs a corpus linguistics approach, grounded in discourse analysis, identity theory, narrative theory, and feminist theory, to construct a corpus of audience reviews for the film YOLO (You Only Live Once) on the Douban platform from February 10 to April 10, 2024. It deeply examines the cognition, attitudes, and underlying emotional identification and value orientations expressed in audience discourse. The findings can provide valuable reference for filmmakers to understand audience needs, optimize creative practices, and promote the healthy development of the film industry.
Sample path approximation for stochastic integro-differential equations

We consider the problem of mean square sample path convergence for a specialized stochastic difference scheme defined for stochastic integro-differential equations under the assumption of pathwise uniqueness property of solutions. We apply the method of weak convergence and the technique of Skorohod representation in the space of continuous trajectories
Preclinical Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, and Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetics and Efficacious Dose of the Investigational Aurora A Kinase Inhibitor Alisertib (MLN8237)

Alisertib (MLN8237) is an investigational potent Aurora A kinase inhibitor currently under clinical trials for hematological and nonhematological malignancies. Nonclinical investigation showed that alisertib is a highly permeable compound with high plasma protein binding, low plasma clearance, and moderate volume of distribution in rats, dogs, monkeys and chimpanzees. Consistent with the above properties, the oral bioavailability in animals was greater than 82%. The predicted human oral pharmacokinetic (PK) profile was constructed using allometric scaling of plasma clearance and volume of distribution in the terminal phase from animals. The chimpanzee PK profiles were extremely useful to model absorption rate constant, which was assumed to be similar to that in humans, based on the fact that chimpanzees are phylogenetically closest to humans. The human plasma clearance was projected to be low of 0.12 L/hr/kg, with half-life of approximately 10 hr. For human efficacious dose estimation, the tumor growth inhibition as a measure of efficacy (E) was assessed in HCT116 xenograft mice at several oral QD or BID dose levels. Additionally, subcutaneous mini-pump infusion studies were conducted to assess mitotic index in tumor samples as a pharmacodynamic (PD) marker. PK/PD/E modeling showed that for optimal efficacy and PD in the xenograft mice maintaining a plasma concentration exceeding 1 µM for at least 8-12 hr would be required. These values in conjunction with the projected human PK profile estimated the optimal oral dose of approximately 103 mg QD or 62.4 mg BID in humans. Notably, the recommended Phase 2 dose being pursued in the clinic is close to the projected BID dose.
Baseline optimization for the measurement of CP violation, mass hierarchy, and $θ_{23}$ octant in a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment

Next-generation long-baseline electron neutrino appearance experiments will seek to discover CP violation, determine the mass hierarchy and resolve the $θ_{23}$ octant. In light of the recent precision measurements of $θ_{13}$, we consider the sensitivity of these measurements in a study to determine the optimal baseline, including practical considerations regarding beam and detector performance. We conclude that a detector at a baseline of at least 1000 km in a wide-band muon neutrino beam is the optimal configuration.
Motion-Sound Mapping through Interaction

Technologies for sensing movement are expanding toward everyday use in virtual reality, gaming, and artistic practices. In this context, there is a need for methodologies to help designers and users create meaningful movement experiences. This article discusses a user-centered approach for the design of interactive auditory feedback using interactive machine learning. We discuss Mapping through Interaction, a method for crafting sonic interactions from corporeal demonstrations of embodied associations between motion and sound. It uses an interactive machine learning approach to build the mapping from user demonstrations, emphasizing an iterative design process that integrates acted and interactive experiences of the relationships between movement and sound. We examine Gaussian Mixture Regression and Hidden Markov Regression for continuous movement recognition and real-time sound parameter generation. We illustrate and evaluate this approach through an application in which novice users can create interactive sound feedback based on coproduced gestures and vocalizations. Results indicate that Gaussian Mixture Regression and Hidden Markov Regression can efficiently learn complex motion-sound mappings from few examples.
Inferring failure processes via causality analysis: from event logs to predictive fault trees

In the current Artificial Intelligence era, the integration of the Industry 4.0 paradigm in real-world settings requires robust and scientific methods and tools. Two concrete aims are the exploitation of large datasets and the guarantee of a proper level of explainability, demanded by critical systems and applications. Focusing on the predictive maintenance problem, this work leverages causality analysis to elicit knowledge about system failure processes. The result is a model expressed according to a newly introduced formalism: the Predictive Fault Trees. This model is enriched by causal relationships inferred from dependability-related event logs. The proposed approach considers both fault-error-failure chains between system components and the impact of environmental variables (e.g., temperature, pressure) on the health status of the components. A proof of concept shows the effectiveness of the methodology, leveraging an event-based simulator.
Climate Smart Agriculture: A Roadmap to Sustainable Food Security

Climate change (CC) and climate variability (CV) are causing irregular precipitation, rising sea levels, and frequent extreme weather events, which threaten global agricultural crop production through prolonged droughts, floods, and shifting agroclimatic zones. Addressing greenhouse gas emissions and ensuring food security are among the greatest challenges of this century. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) emerges as a global strategy to enhance food productivity amid these uncertainties. CSA aims to create climate-resilient agricultural systems that increase soil health, water, and nutrient efficiency, provide stable yields, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. By improving farmers' incomes and resilience to climate impacts, CSA contributes to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. Future CSA development directions include leveraging advanced internet technology for secure agricultural information, optimizing cropping patterns and management, integrating "internet + weather" services, and implementing agricultural weather index-based insurance. These strategies offer new pathways for ecological protection, green agricultural development, and climate change mitigation.
Health-Promoting Behaviors, Physical Self-Efficacy, Exercise Adherence, and Sports Commitment Among Older Adults Who Participate in Sports Activities

Objectives: The Republic of Korea is progressively becoming a super-aged society, emphasizing the need for regular physical activity among older adults because it has physical, psychological, and social benefits. Recently, increasing depression and suicide rates have been reported among older adults living alone. However, research that considers older adults’ living situations is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between health-promoting behaviors (HPB), physical self-efficacy (PSE), exercise adherence, and sports commitment among older adults aged ≥ 65 years who participated in sports activities and investigate the influence of their living situation. Methods: The participants were 452 individuals aged ≥ 65 who lived in the metropolitan areas of Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do, and Gwangju Provinces, Republic of Korea, and who regularly participated in sports activities (men = 283, women = 169). This study was conducted from January to May 2024. Data were collected using a structured and validated questionnaire, and the collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and multi-group analysis. Results: Structural equation modeling showed that the research model was appropriate, and all five paths showed statistical significance. The identity of the model was verified in the multi-group analysis, but path coefficients differed between older adults living alone and those living with family members. HPB significantly affected PSE, exercise adherence, and sports commitment among both groups of older adults. However, the impact of PSE on exercise adherence and sports commitment was not statistically significant among older adults living alone. Conclusions: The results highlight the need to consider older adults’ living situations when establishing regular physical activity. Efforts should also be made to promote regular exercise participation among older adults living alone.
Optimal designs for active controlled dose finding trials with efficacy-toxicity outcomes

Nonlinear regression models addressing both efficacy and toxicity outcomes are increasingly used in dose-finding trials, such as in pharmaceutical drug development. However, research on related experimental design problems for corresponding active controlled trials is still scarce. In this paper we derive optimal designs to estimate efficacy and toxicity in an active controlled clinical dose finding trial when the bivariate continuous outcomes are modeled either by polynomials up to degree 2, the Michaelis- Menten model, the Emax model, or a combination thereof. We determine upper bounds on the number of different doses levels required for the optimal design and provide conditions under which the boundary points of the design space are included in the optimal design. We also provide an analytical description of the minimally supported $D$-optimal designs and show that they do not depend on the correlation between the bivariate outcomes. We illustrate the proposed methods with numerical examples and demonstrate the advantages of the $D$-optimal design for a trial, which has recently been considered in the literature.
A Systematic Review with Bibliometric Analysis on Human Resource Information System (HRIS) with Reference to Service Sector

The human resource information system (HRIS) has played a significant role in promoting effective organisational learning, increased productivity, and sustainability during a time of demanding and evolving human resource management practices, as well as the development of information technology. This study combines a bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review (SLR) to examine the topic. The systematic review was conducted in a methodical manner, involving the collection of available materials and their evaluation based on established criteria. The study focuses on articles published between 2001 and 2021, specifically from the Scopus database. To identify relevant articles, specific keywords such as ‘hris’, ‘hrms’, ‘human resource information system’ and ‘human resource management system’ were used. A total of 57 articles were included for further study based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The purpose of this review-based work is to provide a qualitative understanding of the overall evolutionary trend, knowledge structure and literature gaps related to HRIS. It also suggests potential areas for future research, with a particular emphasis on the service sector, utilising open-source software. The findings highlight the benefits of implementing HRIS in the service sector and offer a comprehensive overview of the advancements and diversification of publications and research in this field. Additionally, the study provides scholars and practitioners with valuable insights to implement HRIS in various sustainable sectors.
Climate change in Central America and Mexico: regional climate model validation and climate change projections

Central America has high biodiversity, it harbors high-value ecosystems and it’s important to provide regional climate change information to assist in adaptation and mitigation work in the region. Here we study climate change projections for Central America and Mexico using a regional climate model. The model evaluation shows its success in simulating spatial and temporal variability of temperature and precipitation and also in capturing regional climate features such as the bimodal annual cycle of precipitation and the Caribbean low-level jet. A variety of climate regimes within the model domain are also better identified in the regional model simulation due to improved resolution of topographic features. Although, the model suffers from large precipitation biases, it shows improvements over the coarse-resolution driving model in simulating precipitation amounts. The model shows a dry bias in the wet season and a wet bias in the dry season suggesting that it’s unable to capture the full range of precipitation variability. Projected warming under the A2 scenario is higher in the wet season than that in the dry season with the Yucatan Peninsula experiencing highest warming. A large reduction in precipitation in the wet season is projected for the region, whereas parts of Central America that receive a considerable amount of moisture in the form of orographic precipitation show significant decreases in precipitation in the dry season. Projected climatic changes can have detrimental impacts on biodiversity as they are spatially similar, but far greater in magnitude, than those observed during the El Nino events in recent decades that adversely affected species in the region.
Health technology assessments in personalized medicine: illustrations for cost–effectiveness analysis

In the last decade, there has been an upsurge of health technology assessments (HTAs) and corresponding bodies producing, judging and disseminating such assessments. Notably in the area of clinical...
Integrating dissemination and implementation sciences within Clinical and Translational Science Award programs to advance translational research: Recommendations to national and local leaders – ADDENDUM

Abstract    The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) has defined translation as the process of turning observations into interventions that are adopted, sustained, and improve health. Translation must attend to research and community systems and context at multiple levels, and to key stakeholders. Dissemination and implementation (D&amp;I) sciences are informed by an understanding of the critical role of people and systems in disseminating, adopting, and sustaining innovations within real-world settings. Thus, the D&amp;I sciences provides a set of principles that can guide the translational work of Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) programs from basic research to public health. In this special communication, our cross-domain working group of the CTSA consortium, comprised of experts in methods and processes, workforce development, evaluation, stakeholder engagement, and D&amp;I sciences, share a vision of how CTSAs can enhance translation across the translational spectrum through the integration of D&amp;I sciences into the critical areas of methods and processes, workforce development, and evaluation. We propose a set of recommendations for NCATS national and local leaders that are intended to move D&amp;I sciences out of a position of unfamiliarity and ancillary value and into the core identity of who CTSAs are, how they think, and what they do, to advance translation and health.
Five-year evidence synthesis of African swine fever in domestic pigs in Southeast Asia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

African swine fever (ASF) continues to threaten pig production systems across Southeast Asia, yet regional epidemiological patterns remain fragmented. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized prevalence data to provide a consolidated assessment of ASF burden, spatial distribution, and temporal trends from 2019 to 2023. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across eight major databases and supplementary sources, with protocol registration in the Open Science Framework. Four reviewers independently screened studies, and eligible publications underwent quality appraisal using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist. Data extraction encompassed prevalence estimates, diagnostic methods, sample types, and geographic information, which were subsequently mapped using QGIS. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses, meta-regression modelling, and Egger's test were performed in R Studio using the "meta" and "metafor" packages. Twelve studies met inclusion criteria, representing seven Southeast Asian countries. The random-effects model yielded an overall pooled prevalence of 29.14% (95% CI: 20.56-37.72), with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 100%; τ2 = 0.1012). Subgroup analyses demonstrated marked variations by study period, diagnostic method, sample type, and country, with the highest prevalence estimates reported in Vietnam and Lao PDR. Meta-regression identified a significant decline in prevalence over time (p < 0.001). Spatial mapping revealed pronounced regional burden prevalence, particularly in the Lao PDR and southern Vietnam. Funnel plot asymmetry and regression testing suggested the presence of small-study effects. These findings underscore the persistent and heterogenous nature of ASF across Southeast Asia, emphasizing the need for harmonized surveillance, strengthened biosecurity in smallholder systems, and enhanced diagnostic capacity.