ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Nurses' Experiences of Cultural and Language Barriers to Patient Safety and Quality Care during the Hajj Season

Context: Language and cultural barriers between patients and nurses can contribute to patient safety, dissatisfaction, and poor quality of care, especially with Hajj patients. Effective communication between patients and nurses is key to safe and quality nursing care. Multicultural and multi-language barriers stand in the way of this effective communication, so an in-depth study is needed to describe this phenomenon based on nurses' perspective. Aim: This research aims to identify issues and challenges related to the cultural and language differences between patients and nurses during the Hajj season and to describe nurses' experiences in providing care in a multicultural and multi-language healthcare setting during the Hajj season. Methods: Qualitative descriptive design. Five Hospitals in Makkah Health clusters were selected for this study. A purposive sample of 50 nurses was recruited for this study. Data collection Procedure including Audio-recorded interview using semi-structured questionnaires. Results: Most participants identified language differences in their caring experience for Hajj patients. Because the participants felt unable to communicate with patients effectively, the language barrier affected nursing care. Despite the challenges of taking care of patients with different cultures, the majority of the staff feel it is a good experience for them. The last major theme identified in the study was the understanding of trans-cultural nursing. Most participants were honest enough to tell that they do not know at all that transcultural nursing means. Some participants were familiar with the term but were unsure what it meant or how to explain it, and a few knew the term and its concept. Conclusion: Nurses had difficulty communicating with patients due to the language barrier. Providing an interpreter or translator, seeking assistance from the patient's relations officer, and using technology such as Google Translate to address this issue are all possible solutions. The study recommends addressing the cultural barriers, all
Judicial independence through the lenses of EU judges: Constitutional momentum in support of European Union law and of a European Union based on the rule of law

In the framework of the European Union, the concept of judicial independence is of particular significance, a point that is of increasing relevance. The concept is becoming more precisely defined, and it shows indicators for its assessment that are worthy of note. However, it is not yet fully formed, and is still a work in progress. It is being developed at an unprecedented pace for a very specific reason: its importance to the construction of Europe. This paper will focus on the elements that are vital in defining judicial independence. A series of questions will be raised that are key to making progress in defining the concept of judicial independence. In this paper, I will put forward my vision of judicial independence and raise specific topics and questions that I believe need to be considered fully if we are to make any progress towards achieving a robust judicial independence. First, the differences in the understanding of judicial independence on the part of the European Court of Human Rights on the one hand, and the Court of Justice of the European Union on the other are presented. Secondly, essential elements of subjective and objective judicial independence are highlighted. Thirdly, judicial independence as a judge’s right is explained. Finally, the most important elements of judicial accountability are discussed.
Trace Element Geochemistry and Stable Isotopic (δ13C and δ15N) Characterisation of Nevşehir Coals, Türkiye

The Nevşehir coals are located in the Central Anatolian Crystalline Complex (CACC), Türkiye, and no reports exist on trace element, nitrogen, and carbon isotope composition data of the Nevşehir coals. The present study aims to geochemically characterise the Nevşehir coals to determine their trace elemental enrichment patterns and possible sources. Nevşehir coals are found within Late Miocene Kızılöz Formation (Arafa Member) rocks. These coals are part of the huminite maceral group; the dominant maceral group is ulminites. The minerals in coals are inorganic, such as oxidised framboidal pyrite, iron oxide minerals, quartz, clay, and carbonate minerals. Coals have great potential regarding trace elements. Benefits might arise from mining and using some of the critical elements derived from coal. Compared with the world coal average, the coal samples in this study are enriched in As (149.25 μg/g), V (245 μg/g), Cr (159 μg/g), Ga (18 μg/g), Ni (216 μg/g), Th (17 μg/g), Zn (143 μg/g), and U (54 μg/g). The arsenic content in this study is associated with inorganic components such as oxidised framboidal pyrite. Vanadium in coal is mainly associated with aluminosilicates and organic matter. Chromium originates from the clay minerals within coals. Uranium in coal is mainly associated with organic matter. Nickel and zinc in coal are predominantly associated with sulphides. The δ15N contents of the samples are comparable to those of several references, including plants, terrestrial creatures, and organic nitrogen. The δ13C–δ15N isotopic range and average values for four coal samples ranged from −25.66‰ to −25.91‰ (−25.80‰) and 3.6‰ to 4.3‰ (3.9‰), respectively, demonstrating that C3 type modern terrestrial vegetation was common in the palaeomires of the studied coal seams.
EchoPT: A Pretrained Transformer Architecture That Predicts 2D In-Air Sonar Images for Mobile Robotics

The predictive brain hypothesis suggests that perception can be interpreted as the process of minimizing the error between predicted perception tokens generated via an internal world model and actual sensory input tokens. When implementing working examples of this hypothesis in the context of in-air sonar, significant difficulties arise due to the sparse nature of the reflection model that governs ultrasonic sensing. Despite these challenges, creating consistent world models using sonar data is crucial for implementing predictive processing of ultrasound data in robotics. In an effort to enable robust robot behavior using ultrasound as the sole exteroceptive sensor modality, this paper introduces EchoPT (Echo-Predicting Pretrained Transformer), a pretrained transformer architecture designed to predict 2D sonar images from previous sensory data and robot ego-motion information. We detail the transformer architecture that drives EchoPT and compare the performance of our model to several state-of-the-art techniques. In addition to presenting and evaluating our EchoPT model, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this predictive perception approach in two robotic tasks.
Efficacy and Safety of Gabapentin in Improving Sleep Quality of Patients with Sensory Nervous System Diseases: A Meta-Analysis.

Sensory nervous-system diseases are chronic diseases that injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system causes. Sleep disorders usually accompany these diseases, and in turn, worsen their conditions and form a vicious circle that brings great difficulties in clinical treatment.The study intended to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of gabapentin in improving the sleep quality of patients with sensory nervous-system diseases using a meta-analysis, so as to provide evidence-based medical evidence for clinical treatment.The research team performed a comprehensive narrative review by searching the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Scientific Journal (VIP), WANFANG, Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM), PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The search terms included gabapentin, 1-(aminomethyl)-cyclohexaneacetic acid, gabapentin hexal, gabapentin-ratiopharm, sleep, and insomnia.The review took place in the Department of Neurology at the First People's Hospital of Linping District in Hangzhou, China.The research team extracted the data from the studies meeting the inclusion criteria and then transferred them into the Review Manager 5.3 software for meta-analysis. The outcome measures included scores: (1) for the improvement in the degree of sleep interference score; (2) for the improvement in sleep quality; (3) for the rate of poor sleep quality; (4) for the rate awakenings of >5 per night; and (5) for the incidence of adverse reactions.The research team found eight RCTs with 1269 participants, including 637 participants in a gabapentin test group and 632 participants in the placebo control group. The meta-analysis showed that the decrease in the degree of sleep interference [mean deviation (MD) = -0.86, 95% CI: (-0.91, -0.82), P  5 night awakenings [OR = 0.01, 95% CI: (0.05, 0.70), P = .01] in gabapentin group were significantly lower than those in placebo group (P < .05). No statistically significant differences existed in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups.Gabapentin is safe and effective in improving the sleep quality of patients with sensory nervous-system diseases. Due to the limitations of sample size and types of diseases in the current study, the field needs multicenter, large-sample, and high-quality RCTs for further validation in the future.
Supplementary Table S1 from Stability and Variability of the Human Fecal Microbiome over 2 Years in the Multiethnic Cohort Study: A Metagenomic Analysis

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Core Microbiome – Genera&lt;/p&gt;
Mediation Diplomacy of a Critical Stakeholder: South Korea's Role in the U.S.-DPRK Negotiation

This paper explains South Korea's foreign policy preferences and degree of influence in negotiations between Washington and Pyongyang. It analyzes six administrations in South Korea in the post-Cold War era and shows that domestic politics determines the country's policy preferences toward North Korea. South Korea can either obstruct or facilitate U.S. negotiation with North Korea based on these policy preferences. It also shows that South Korea's diplomatic influence on the North Korean issue is maximized when it functions as a mediator between Washington and Pyongyang and maintains access to both parties.
Co-Designed Architectures for Modular Superconducting Quantum Computers

Noisy, Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers have reached the point where they can show the potential for quantum advantage over classical computing. Unfortunately, NISQ machines introduce sufficient noise that even for moderate size quantum circuits the results can be unreliable. We propose a co-designed superconducting quantum computer using a Superconducting Nonlinear Asymmetric Inductive eLement (SNAIL) modulator. The SNAIL modulator is designed by considering both the ideal fundamental qubit gate operation while maximizing the qubit coupling capabilities. First, the SNAIL natively implements $\sqrt[n]{\texttt{iSWAP}}$ gates realized through proportionally scaled pulse lengths. This naturally includes $\sqrt{\texttt{iSWAP}}$, which provides an advantage over $\texttt{CNOT}$ as a basis gate. Second, the SNAIL enables high-degree couplings that allow rich and highly parallel qubit connection topologies without suffering from frequency crowding. Building on our previously demonstrated SNAIL-based quantum state router we propose a quantum 4-ary tree and a hypercube inspired corral built from interconnected quantum modules. We compare their advantage in data movement based on necessary \texttt{SWAP} gates to the traditional lattice and heavy-hex lattice used in latest commercial quantum computers. We demonstrate the co-design advantage of our SNAIL-based machine with $\sqrt{\texttt{iSWAP}}$ basis gates and rich topologies against $\texttt{CNOT}$/heavy-hex and $\texttt{FSIM}$/lattice for 16-20 qubit and extrapolated designs circa 80 qubit architectures. We compare total circuit time and total gate count to understand fidelity for systems dominated by decoherence and control imperfections, respectively. Finally, we provide a gate duration sensitivity study on further decreasing the SNAIL pulse length to realize $\sqrt[n]{\texttt{iSWAP}}$ qubit systems to reduce decoherence times.
Resolving Correlated States of Benzyne on a Quantum Computer with an Error-Mitigated Quantum Contracted Eigenvalue Solver

The simulation of strongly correlated many-electron systems is one of the most promising applications for near-term quantum devices. Here we use a class of eigenvalue solvers (presented in Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 070504 (2021)) in which a contraction of the Schrödinger equation is solved for the two-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) to resolve the energy splittings of ortho-, meta-, and para-isomers of benzyne ${\textrm C_6} {\textrm H_4}$. In contrast to the traditional variational quantum eigensolver, the contracted quantum eigensolver solves an integration (or contraction) of the many-electron Schrödinger equation onto the two-electron space. The quantum solution of the anti-Hermitian part of the contracted Schrödinger equation (qACSE) provides a scalable approach with variational parameters that has its foundations in 2-RDM theory. Experimentally, a variety of error mitigation strategies enable the calculation, including a linear shift in the 2-RDM targeting the iterative nature of the algorithm as well as a projection of the 2-RDM onto the convex set of approximately $N$-representable 2-RDMs defined by the 2-positive (DQG) $N$-representability conditions. The relative energies exhibit single-digit millihartree errors, capturing a large part of the electron correlation energy, and the computed natural orbital occupations reflect the significant differences in the electron correlation of the isomers.
The Right to Access the Internet and Modern Models of Digital Discrimination

The article proposes a systematic assessment of the right to the Internet in the context of modern legal and political challenges. The authors substantiate the thesis that the right to the Internet is a complex category that cannot be considered solely in terms of providing technical capabilities and overcoming the digital divide (inequality) between different social groups and states. Much more complex and important is the consideration of the right to the Internet in the context of the corresponding duty of states not to impede the possibility of information exchange via the Internet, as well as in the plane of the search for a “golden mean” between the right to the Internet and natural human rights.The main purpose of the article was to determine the main features of the right to the Internet in the context of human and civil rights and freedoms and to analyze the main manifestations of digital discrimination as a consequence of the digital divide.A detailed methodological basis of the article contributed to the achievement of the abovementioned purpose. The research was based on a systematic method, which made it possible to consider the right to the Internet as a complex and dynamically developing legal and political category. The authors used functional and logical (deduction, induction and analogy) methods, as well as a number of particular scientific methods: historical, sociological and statistical. The approach proposed in the article to determine the key parameters of the right to the Internet was substantiated mainly on the basis of the application of comparative legal, formal legal and axiological methods.The methodology of the research made it possible to formulate and substantiate the conclusion that the right to the Internet in the face of modern legal and political challenges is undergoing a qualitative transformation both in the direction of expanding the positive obligations of the state to overcome the digital divide, and in the direction of restricting the right to freedom of Internet communication under the auspices of ensuring the right to privacy and the need to respect the public interest. The presence of «double standards» in determining the boundaries of the right to the Internet leads to conflicting legal decisions and allows us to predict the aggravation of this contradiction in the context of the rapid development of digital platforms and the active sanction policy of the collective West.
Evolution of supernova remnants in the interstellar medium with a large-scale density gradient. II. The 2-D modelling of the evolution and X-ray emission of supernova remnant RCW86

The results of the 2D modelling of Supernova remnant (SNR) RCW86 are given. Models of this remnant, which for the first time interpret the anisotropy of surface brightness as a result of the evolution of adiabatic SNR in the interstellar medium with a large-scale gradient of density, are considered. Estimations on the basic characteristics of RCW86 and the surrounding medium which follow from these models are found. It is shown that the observed surface brightness distribution of RCW86 may be obtaned in the both proposed up till now models with different initial assumptions: one about a Supernova explosion in 185 A.D. and another about an explosion in the OB-asossiation. In order to obtain the observational contrast of surface brightness it is necessary to have a medium with the characteristic scale of nonuniformity 11 pc if the age of RCW86 is 1800 years or 20-25 pc when the SNR is distant from us on 2.8 kpc. The preshock density contrast between the southwestern and northeastern parts of RCW86 is in range 3.5-4.5.
Social media use frequency and adolescent mental health: context-dependent associations by school connectedness and parental monitoring in the 2023 YRBS

Abstract                 Objective  To examine associations between social media use frequency and poor mental health among U.S. adolescents and to assess whether these associations vary by school connectedness and parental monitoring. Methods  We analyzed data from the 2023 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, a nationally representative survey of U.S. students in grades 9–12 (n = 10,340). Social media use frequency was modeled as an ordered exposure, and poor mental health was defined as reporting mental health “not good” most of the time or always in the past 30 days. Survey-weighted logistic regression models estimated associations between social media use and poor mental health, adjusting for grade, sex, and race/ethnicity, with effect modification assessed using interaction terms. Results  Overall, 28.5% (95% CI: 26.7–30.4) of adolescents reported poor mental health, and 77.0% reported high-frequency social media use. Higher social media use frequency was associated with higher adjusted odds and predicted probabilities of poor mental health. Associations differed by social context (interaction p &lt; 0.01). At the highest levels of social media use, adolescents reporting low school connectedness had approximately 15 percentage points higher predicted probability of poor mental health than those reporting high connectedness, with similar differences observed by parental monitoring. Conclusions  Associations between social media use frequency and adolescent mental health are context-dependent. Supportive school and family environments are associated with lower risk across levels of social media use, highlighting the importance of social context in adolescent mental health prevention research.
<scp>PENTA</scp>                     ‐                     <scp>HARD</scp>                     : Self‐Built Architectural Prototype With Additively Manufactured (3D Printed) Joints

ABSTRACT                   This future architectural prototype is composed of standardized parts and 3D printed (additive manufactured) metal joints to allow users to build by themselves at a low cost. The structure is assembled with lightweight aluminum pipes where joints are plugged in, in a straightforward, flexible way. The user can freely define the structure layout depending on the site and according to lifestyle and personal preferences. The geometry is the combination of fixed‐shape tetrahedrons with non‐fixed‐shape pentahedrons and hexahedrons that allow the creation of a diversity of soft architectural forms based on uniform‐length pipes. By only changing the joints set, the user can change the entire architectural form to adapt to a new site or to accommodate a new requirement when moving or renovating. Other than the joints, all parts, such as aluminum pipes, triangular insulation panels, etc., are standardized and reusable. Referring to the joint manufacturing craftsmanship of traditional Japanese houses and using new additive manufacturing technology that can swiftly output complex shapes, construction is simplified, and customized space can be easily created.
The effects of social media on adolescent mental health: Findings from a population-based cohort study in Australia

Background: There are growing concerns about the potential contribution of social media use on rising levels of adolescent mental health problems, but our understanding of this relationship remains poor. The current study examined the effects of social media on future mental health problems (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, poor wellbeing, and self-harm), in adolescents aged 12 to 18 years; considering overall and sex-stratified effects, and differences across age (early, middle, and late adolescence). Methods: We used data from a prospective longitudinal study (Child to Adult Transition Study). Participants in CATS were recruited through schools in Melbourne, selected using a stratified random sampling approach. A cohort of Grade 3 students (N=1,239) participated in wave 1 in 2012 and have since completed annual surveys. The current analysis used data up to wave 11. Exposure was self-reported duration of daily social media use from waves 4 to 10 (12 to 18 years). Outcome was self-reported depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, wellbeing, and self-harm from waves 5 to 11 (13 to 19 years). Findings: Across adolescence, &amp;gt;2 hrs versus &amp;lt;1 hr of daily social media use was associated with a small increased risk of high depressive symptoms at the subsequent annual wave (risk difference of 5 per 100), with larger estimates in females than males. Females also had increased risk for poor wellbeing at the subsequent wave. Risk differences for anxiety and self-harm were negligible across adolescence. For females, estimated risks for all mental health problems were larger in early adolescence (12 to 13 years) compared to later ages, but no such differences were apparent across age for males. Interpretation: Higher levels of social media use were associated with small increases in future risk of high depressive symptoms across adolescence. Largest risks of mental health problems were observed during early adolescence in females, supporting the need to consider policies that mitigate the adverse effects of social media on the mental health of younger adolescents.