ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Cognitive-Driven Edge AI for Real-Time Assistive Technologies: Enhancing Accessibility with On-Device Intelligence

This review paper examines the convergence of Cognitive-driven Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) and real-time assistive technologies, with a focus on enhancing accessibility for individuals with disabilities. The paper investigates the potential of lightweight, low-latency Cognitive AI models deployed on Edge devices to provide immediate and personalized assistance. It analyzes the challenges and opportunities in developing on-device intelligence for various assistive applications, including visual aid systems, speech recognition, and gesture interpretation. The review elucidates recent advancements in Edge computing and machine learning algorithms that enable real-time processing and decision-making without relying on cloud connectivity. Furthermore, it addresses the ethical considerations and privacy concerns associated with Edge AI in assistive technologies. The paper concludes by delineating future research directions and potential impacts on improving the quality of life for individuals with disabilities through Cognitive-driven Edge AI solutions.
More-than-One Health: Humans, Animals, and the Environment Post-COVID

The call for a One Health approach that transcends species and disciplinary boundaries assumes that human and veterinary medicine are discrete, distinctive domains whose separation must be overcome to achieve health benefits for all. This paper will problematize this assumption by demonstrating that until relatively recently, their boundaries were extremely fluid. Referring to specific examples over the period 1790-1900, it demonstrates that human medicine was once deeply zoological, and encompassed a host of species, practices and social relations that overlapped with those of veterinary medicine. While One Health today focusses selectively on animals as transmitters of zoonotic diseases or as experimental models of human disease, past animal participants in medicine were far more than that. As victims of naturally occurring diseases, they enabled doctors to think generically and comparatively about medical and biological problems, while as disease subjects they encouraged clinical interventions. Their investigation and management could prompt collaboration between doctors and vets. However, veterinary ambitions also encouraged competition. In time, this led to the hardening of boundaries between the professions and their subjects, and subsequent efforts to transcend them under the banner of One Health.
Effect of women's participation in climate smart agriculture on sustainable household food security in Baringo County, Kenya

Women play a critical role in agricultural activities, yet their contributions to household food security are often undervalued and under-supported. Despite their central involvement in food production, women are frequently excluded from key decision-making processes related to agriculture and food security. This study investigated the effect of women's participation in agriculture on sustainable household food security in Baringo County. The research aimed to explore how women's involvement in agricultural activities impacts food security outcomes at the household level. The study adopted a cross-sectional research design with a mixed methods approach, utilizing both qualitative and quantitative data. A sample of 316 registered members of SMART Agriculture and 6 field officers were selected through random and purposive sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and interviews. The findings revealed that a majority of respondents felt women were not sufficiently involved in decision-making regarding household food security, and there was a noticeable gender disparity in contributions to food production. Despite this, many respondents acknowledged the growing role of women in agricultural activities and their positive impact on household food security. The study's results indicate a strong positive correlation between women's participation in agriculture and sustainable food security, as demonstrated by a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.684 (p = 0.000). The study concludes that increasing women’s involvement in agriculture significantly enhances food security outcomes, emphasizing the need for policies that promote gender inclusion in agricultural decision-making and community support for women.
Agricultural innovations strategies for sustainable food security in Africa

Global progress in ensuring food security and reducing poverty has been substantial, but not satisfactory. Significant advancements have been made in reducing hunger through intensifying staple food production, integrating people and the environment, expanding the role of markets, diversifying out of major cereals, reforming economy-wide policies, and improving food quality and human nutrition in the past few decades. Agricultural development played a central role as a driver of rural poverty reduction. However, recent trends of slowing agricultural productivitygrowth and the marginalization of poor farmers as markets evolve have challenged conventional strategies for achieving poverty reduction. Meeting the challenge of global food security will require both short-term and long-term responses to raise productivity, growth and strengthen the supply side of global agriculture. Investment in innovation is thus critical to the enhancement of agricultural productivity and long-term challenge of sustainable development. Food availability, stability, access, and utilization are essential for the wellbeing and productivity of all people. The current state of global food security raise serious concerns as the number of hungry has surpassed 1 billion people. The forces challenging food security include population growth, demographic changes, high and volatile food prices, land and water constraints, under-developed agricultural sector and climate change. A comprehensive policy and investment agenda for achieving suitable for security is needed to (i) improve small holder productivity and market access (ii) keep trade open (iii) promote productive social safety nets (iv) integrate climate change strategies and (v) harmonize food security and sustainability policy. For these to happen, tested and proven innovations in agriculture must be put into use.Keywords: Agriculture, innovation, food security, climate change, sustainability
A modified approach to the measurement problem: Objective reduction in the retinal molecule prior to conformational change

A new analysis of the measurement problem reveals the possibility that collapse of the wavefunction may now take place just before photoisomerization of the rhodopsin molecule in the retinal rods. It is known that when a photon is initially absorbed by the retinal molecule which, along with opsin comprises the rhodopsin molecule, an electron in the highest pi orbital is immediately excited to a pi* orbital. This means that a measurement or transfer of information takes place at the quantum level before the retinal molecule commences the conformational change from cis to trans. This could have profound implications for resolving some of the foundational issues confronting quantum mechanics.
Key factors in developing effective digital health promotion tools for cancer prevention and health behavior change in adolescence through a multi country survey

Abstract.
Physical Conditions in the Interstellar Medium of High-Redshift Galaxies: Mass Budget and Gas Excitation

Following the first pioneering efforts in the 1990s that have focused on the detection of the molecular interstellar medium in high redshift galaxies, recent years have brought great advances in our understanding of the actual physical properties of the gas that set the conditions for star formation. Observations of the ground-state CO J=1-0 line have furnished crucial information on the total masses of the gas reservoirs, as well as reliable dynamical mass and size estimates. Detailed studies of rotational ladders of CO have provided insight on the temperature and density of the gas. Investigations of the very dense gas associated with actively star-forming regions in the interstellar medium, most prominently through HCN and HCO+, have enabled a better understanding of the nature of the extreme starbursts found in many high-redshift galaxies, which exceed the star formation rates of their most active present-day counterparts by an order of magnitude. Key progress in this area has been made through targeted studies of few, well-selected systems with current facilities. With the completion of the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Atacama Large (sub)Millimeter Array, it will become possible to develop a more general framework for the interpretation of these investigations based on unbiased studies of normal star-forming galaxies back to the earliest cosmic epochs.
Stem Cell Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Clinical Applications

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, resulting in both motor and non-motor symptoms. The current treatment options, including medications and surgical procedures, primarily focus on symptom management without addressing the underlying progression of the disease. Stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising approach in regenerative medicine for PD, aiming to replace the damaged neurons, restore dopamine production, and enhance overall patient outcomes. Furthermore, the review discusses the latest developments in clinical trials, evaluating the therapeutic potential as well as the limitations of stem cell-based treatments. While preclinical studies have demonstrated encouraging results, the translation of these findings into effective clinical treatments remains a complex challenge. The diverse nature of PD, varying patient responses, and long-term safety concerns emphasize the need for ongoing research. This review provides an in-depth analysis of stem cell therapies in PD, addressing their therapeutic potential, sources, and reprogramming techniques. It critically examines key challenges such as graft purity, safety, immunological rejection, and complications like dyskinesia. By exploring advancements in neural and dental pulp stem cells, the review underlines the role of PD microenvironment in influencing outcomes and highlights cutting-edge reprogramming approaches such as episomal and polycistronic vectors and helps to gain a comprehensive understanding of current innovations, limitations, and future directions in stem cell-based treatments for PD.
Social media, science communication and the academic super user in the United Kingdom

The Internet and social media tools have created new opportunities for open science including communicating in more interactive ways and sharing research data. Drawing on evidence from interviews and a survey of academics in the United Kingdom our research suggests that most scholars recognised the value and importance of more open science communication and data sharing, but many had concerns about the potential risks. A small group, who can be termed super users, were frequently communicating updates of their ongoing research. It is clear that there are increasing opportunities for more open science and public engagement but challenges remain.
Development and validation of an mRNA vaccine platform expressing the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein or the enhanced green fluorescent protein.

In this thesis the development of an mRNA vaccine platform and its validation are described. The possibilities offered by mRNA vaccines platform are promising, due to their versatility, efficacy and rapid production. In Chapter 3 the production of an mRNA vaccine encoding as an antigen the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of the spike protein is described. mRNA was in vitro transcribed from a DNA template containing all the essential elements for the production of synthetic mRNA, and then post-transcriptionally modified with a 5’ cap and a 3’ poly-A tail. Purified mRNA was then transfected in human cell lines (HeLa and HEK 293) with two commercial cationic lipids (LipofectamineTM 3000 or MessengerMAXTM) as delivery systems. Then, heterologous protein expression was detected by Western-Blot and flow cytometric assays. In Chapter 4 the production of an mRNA encoding for the enhanced Aequorea victoria Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) is described, using the same platform and in vitro processing developed in Chapter 3. In this case, transfection was performed in HeLa cells and in a murine myoblast cell line (C2C12). Time course analyses of eGFP expression in both transfected cell lines showed the expression of the protein already at 1 hour, with an increase in time, following different kinetics. Expression of heterologous protein was detected by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry analysis. Transfection of both constructs complexed with lipofectamine induced detachment of the cells, which was investigated by annexin V and propidium iodide assays, suggesting that cells underwent apoptosis. Then, to get closer to in vivo conditions, phagocytosis assays were performed, showing that only transfected cells were efficiently engulfed by macrophage-like THP-1 cells, compared to the untreated ones. Therefore, cell death might enhance the response to mRNA vaccines. Further investigations through transcriptomic analyses may help elucidate this phenomenon.
Transferring Knowledge from MM to QM for a Graph Neural Network Based Implicit QM Solvent

The conformational ensemble of a molecule is strongly influenced by the surrounding environment. Correctly modeling the effect of any given environment is, hence, of pivotal importance in computational studies. Machine learning (ML) has been shown to be able to model these interactions probabilistically, with successful applications demonstrated for classical molecular dynamics. While first instances of ML implicit solvents for quantum-mechanical (QM) calculations exist, the high computational cost of QM reference calculations hinders the development of a generally applicable ML implicit solvent model for QM calculations. Here, we present a novel way of developing such a general machine-learned QM implicit solvent model, which relies neither on QM reference calculations for training nor experimental data, by transferring knowledge obtained from classical interactions to QM. This strategy makes the obtained graph neural network (GNN) based implicit solvent model (termed QM-GNNIS) independent of the chosen functional and basis set. The performance of QM-GNNIS is validated on NMR and IR experiments, demonstrating that the approach can reproduce experimentally observed trends unattainable by state-of-the-art implicit-solvent models.
On the solution existence and stability of polynomial optimization problems

This paper introduces and investigates a regularity condition in the asymptotic sense for optimization problems whose objective functions are polynomial. Under this regularity condition, the normalization argument in asymptotic analysis enables us to see the solution existence as well as the solution stability of these problems. We prove a Frank-Wolfe type theorem for regular optimization problems and an Eaves type theorem for non-regular pseudoconvex optimization problems. Moreover, we show results on the stability such as upper semicontinuity and local upper-Hölder stability of the solution map of polynomial optimization problems. At the end of the paper, we discuss the genericity of the regularity condition.
Factors influencing implementation success of guideline-based clinical decision support systems: A systematic review and gaps analysis

To provide an integrated and differentiated understanding of factors influencing guideline-based CDSS implementation and illustrate the gaps in the current literature. A systematic literature review and in-depth exploration of factors impeding or facilitating successful implementation of guideline-based CDSS supporting physicians in clinical decision-making was performed. Factors were identified thematically by textual analysis of the included publications and were individually mapped to the human, organization and technology-fit (HOT-fit) framework for evaluating implementations of health information systems. A total of 421 factors were found in 35 included publications from a total of 3676 publications. The mapping of factors concerning CDSS implementation on the HOT-fit framework revealed gaps in each domain of the framework and showed that research has mainly focused on human and technology factors and less on organizational factors. Future research within the field of guideline-based CDSS should focus on evaluating implementations through the use of socio-technical models to study guideline-based CDSS system implementations from a multidimensional view. Furthermore, research is needed to explore whether use of these models during the planning phases of a CDSS project is useful in anticipating and preventing implementation barriers from occurring and exploiting facilitators to a successful implementation of the system
Early warning as a strategic element in the international framework for disaster risk reduction: causes and needs

The article presents an analysis of international cooperation of States on the formation of early warning systems for disasters. The author considers terminological features, legal regulation, and also identifies problems that exist in the practice of states and the world community as a whole. The study is based on the analysis of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction for the period 2015-2030, as well as other international documents. At the end of the article, the final conclusions are presented.
Knowledge attitude and practice regarding antimicrobial resistance and stewardship among medical students

Background: Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten global public health threats faced by humanity that requires urgent multisectoral actions. Medical students play a vital role as the future prescribers and stewards of antimicrobials. Their knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) regarding AMR and Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) are crucial for ensuring rational and responsible use of antimicrobials in clinical settings. Aim: This study aimed to assess the KAP of medical students regarding AMR and AMS in a tertiary care hospital in North Karnataka, India. Methodology: A cross sectional study design was adopted and Google-form-based questionnaire was administered to MBBS (N=230) students who had passed Microbiology and Pharmacology. The data was analyzed by appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Among 230 students, 99% knew that AMR is a global healthcare issue, and that irrational use of antimicrobials contributes to the development of AMR, and have the right concept of AMS. The knowledge regarding prevalence of common resistant phenotypes in India, and antibiotics that are likely to be effective against common resistant phenotypes is varying among the students. Students think that it is important to update about AMR and to adhere to right dose-frequency-duration of antibiotic. Though the students believe that they received adequate training, considering their poor knowledge in some of the topics/ concepts assessed in this questionnaire, they definitely need more focused training to develop better knowledge and practices regarding AMR and AMS. Conclusion: The learning objectives and expected competencies regarding AMR and AMS for medical students need to be clearly delineated and conveyed. They may be made certifiable competencies to ensure effective learning.
Lived Experiences of Nurses on Utilization of Electronic Health Records on Patients’ Safety and Quality Care

This study investigated the lived experiences of nurses on utilization of Electronic Health Record (EHR) on patient safety and quality care. Phenomenology type of qualitative research had been utilized to explore nurses lived experiences when using EHR for patients’ documentation. Nine staff nurses who are currently working in a tertiary hospital in western part of Saudi Arabia were chosen as the informants of the study. Interview with the informants was conducted to assess the lived experiences of nurses on utilization of EHRs. Ethical approval and consent were sought prior data collection. Giorgi’s method of thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Dependability and conformability were tracked through transcripts and notes after each interview and during data analysis. The study elucidates on six emergent themes namely: cognizance on electronic health record, software that offers substantial benefits, efficient delivery of quality patient care, abreast with current patient documentation system, discourse over EHR and paper-based documentation system; and challenges in utilization of EHR. Significantly, EHR contributes to delivering quality patient team-based care through provision of access to all pertinent information in real time. Nurses using EHR demonstrate efficiency, patient-centered care, safety, and collaboration as they provide care to their patients. However, utilization of EHR also has drawbacks which includes interoperability, potential privacy, and cybersecurity issues that need to be addressed by the management. It is therefore recommended that further orientation and training on electronic health records may be conducted among nurses to deliver patients care effectively and safely.
The Open PSA Initiative for next generation probabilistic safety assessment

Abstract                The Open PSA Initiative round table discussion session is to bring the PSA community up-to-date on our meetings, workshops, and working groups during the last year. We will have members of the initiative speak on their point of view of the initiative, what they have gained, and where we as a group want to go during the next year. The main idea is to use appropriate modules of different computer codes for a specific purpose which requires a common platform and a common PSA format. In this short paper we introduce our main project for this year: the Open PSA Model Exchange Format.
Augmenting the Charter’s Role in the Fight for the Rule of Law in the European Union: The Cases of Judicial Independence and Party Financing

This article focuses on the difficult relationship between the fight for the Rule of Law in the EU and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. It outlines the connections between the two and then focuses on when and how the Charter could and should play a more significant role in upholding the Rule of Law in EU Member States and at the supranational level itself. Turning first to the Member State-level Rule of Law breakdowns, we demonstrate that the Charter has either been missing in the shadow of Article 19(1) TEU or threatening to undermine the fight for the Rule of Law in the instances when the principle of judicial independence was misrepresented as a right via Article 47 CFR standing alone. Turning then to the supranational level Rule of Law issues, we show that the Charter has so far been applied to a problematically limited extent. The Charter could and should play a much more significant role as there is no doubt about its applicability. This is particularly clear when turning to party-financing at EU-level, which offers a case in point to show how taking the Charter seriously could make a difference in protecting the Rule of Law in the EU.