ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Thetis coastal ocean model: discontinuous Galerkin discretization for the three-dimensional hydrostatic equations

Unstructured grid ocean models are advantageous for simulating the coastal ocean and river-estuary-plume systems. However, unstructured grid models tend to be diffusive and/or computationally expensive which limits their applicability to real life problems. In this paper, we describe a novel discontinuous Galerkin (DG) finite element discretization for the hydrostatic equations. The formulation is fully conservative and second-order accurate in space and time. Monotonicity of the advection scheme is ensured by using a strong stability preserving time integration method and slope limiters. Compared to previous DG models advantages include a more accurate mode splitting method, revised viscosity formulation, and new second-order time integration scheme. We demonstrate that the model is capable of simulating baroclinic flows in the eddying regime with a suite of test cases. Numerical dissipation is well-controlled, being comparable or lower than in existing state-of-the-art structured grid models.
A unified model for black hole X-ray binary jets ?

We have recently put forward a 'unified' semi-empirical model for the coupling between accretion and jet production in galactic black hole X-ray binaries (published in MNRAS, 2004). In this paper we summarise this model and briefly discuss relevant considerations which have arisen since its publication.
Synthesis, characterization, and electrochemistry of cathode material Li[Li0.2Co0.13Ni0.13Mn0.54]O2 using organic chelating agents for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract   Oxalic acid, tartaric acid (TA), and succinic acid (SA) are studied as chelating agents for sol–gel synthesis of Li[Li 0.2 Co 0.13 Ni 0.13 Mn 0.54 ]O 2  as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy show that the materials are single-phase compounds with good crystallinities and layered α-NaFeO 2  structures. The TA-material has the smallest particles (0.2–0.3 μm), with a smooth surface, and uniform distribution. Electrochemical studies indicate that the TA-material exhibits the highest initial discharge capacity (281.1 mAh g −1  at 0.1 C, 192.8 mAh g −1  at 2.0 C), the highest reversible capacity after 50 cycles (240.5 mAh g −1  at 0.1 C, 167.4 mAh g −1  at 0.5  C), and the best rate performance. The cycling stability of the SA-material is the best, with capacity retentions of 87.4% at 0.1  C and 80.1% at 0.5  C after 50 cycles. Mn 4+/3+  reduction peaks appear at the first discharge process and become more evident with increasing cycle number, resulting in a spinel structure, as proved by cyclic voltammetry and differential capacity curves. Electrical impedance spectroscopy confirms that the low charge-transfer resistance of the TA-material is responsible for its superior discharge capacity and rate performance.
Land use change and forest patch analysis as a decision‐making tool to sustainably develop plantation agriculture and optimize biodiversity conservation

AbstractEstablished for biodiversity conservation, protected areas (PAs) have been downsized, downgraded, and/or degazetted for socioeconomic development including plantation agriculture. Although studies have highlighted causes, implications for biodiversity conservation, and the need for policies governing Protected Area Downsizing, Downgrading, and Degazettement (PADDD), no study has proposed a methodology to inform PADDD events to help decision making that balance economic growth pursuit with ecological and environmental commitments. A methodology based on land use change and forest patch analysis has been applied to Buvuma Island to guide the choice of PAs that can undergo PADDD as well as identification of new areas that can be declared as PAs. Our results revealed that, over the last decade, natural vegetation of Buvuma Island has been highly degraded with forest depletion from 45.0% in 2007 to 15.8% in 2016. About 65% of the initial forest cover were lost. The average yearly forest loss rate was 3.2% or 712.8 ha. A total number of 19 PAs covering 3103 ha including 2816 ha of existing PAs and 287 ha of identified forest patches were selected for biodiversity conservation. This flexible methodology can be applied at various spatial and temporal scale to ensure sustainable plantation agriculture development.
Contributions to the Power Spectrum of Cosmic Microwave Background from Fluctuations Caused by Clusters of Galaxies

We estimate the contributions to the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR) power spectrum from the static and kinematic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effects, and from the moving cluster of galaxies (MCG) effect. We conclude, in agreement with other studies, that at sufficiently small scales secondary fluctuations caused by clusters provide important contributions to the CMBR. At $\ell \gtrsim 3000$, these secondary fluctuations become important relative to lensed primordial fluctuations. Gravitational lensing at small angular scales has been proposed as a way to break the ``geometric degeneracy'' in determining fundamental cosmological parameters. We show that this method requires the separation of the static SZ effect, but the kinematic SZ effect and the MCG effect are less important. The power spectrum of secondary fluctuations caused by clusters of galaxies, if separated from the spectrum of lensed primordial fluctuations, might provide an independent constraint on several important cosmological parameters.
Data from Blood-Based Genomic Alteration Signature for Predicting Progression-Free Survival in &lt;i&gt;De Novo&lt;/i&gt; Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Real-World Study

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) often progresses to castration-resistant prostate cancer despite current therapies, necessitating the use of reliable biomarkers. This study aimed to develop a novel model for predicting progression-free survival (PFS) using ctDNA sequencing. We analyzed 127 patients with mHSPC and compared ctDNA mutations with those in matched primary tumor tissues. A four-gene signature (TRPC: &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CDK12&lt;/i&gt;) was identified, forming the basis of the blood-based TRPC (b.TRPC) model. The b.TRPC model demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in predicting PFS, outperforming ctDNA markers. Internal and external validation confirmed that b.TRPC is an independent prognostic factor with superior predictive performance for 0.5-, 1-, and 2-year PFS. The model also showed significant clinical relevance, with b.TRPC-positive patients exhibiting shorter survival times under androgen deprivation therapy and doublet therapy, although this disparity diminished with triplet therapy. These findings highlight the potential of ctDNA-based gene mutation analysis to guide personalized treatment strategies for mHSPC, offering a noninvasive alternative to tissue-based analyses and improving prognostic accuracy.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study identified a novel noninvasive blood-based biomarker model (b.TRPC) using ctDNA to predict PFS in mHSPC. Analyzing &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CDK12&lt;/i&gt; alterations, it outperformed traditional ctDNA% markers. Findings highlight ctDNA-based biomarkers’ potential to guide personalized treatment, bridging real-world and trial data to aid mHSPC management.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Superintelligence Challenges and Existential Risks

As artificial intelligence (AI) nears human-level performance in more complex cognitive tasks (Bubeck et al., 2023; Chollet, 2025), it becomes increasingly urgent to consider what may happen once AI surpasses the most intelligent humans. Artificial superintelligence (ASI) may seem distant, but accelerating progress in AI (Krizhevsky et al., 2012; Vaswani et al., 2017; Kaplan et al., 2020; OpenAI, 2022-2026) suggests it could arrive sooner than many anticipate. Given the asymmetrical risks posed by underestimating the rate of future progress, we start by outlining why one might cautiously expect ASI to be developed between 2029 and 2033. We then contend that existential risks may increase significantly during the development and deployment of ASI, such that through the 2030s, existential risk may reach its highest levels since the 1960s. In response, we introduce Superintelligence Challenges and Existential Risks as a framework for ASI risk management, where we focus on global challenges entailed by ASI, and map out failure modes traceable to each. We examine five main ASI challenges (technical safety, concentration of power, international governance, social health, and ethical challenges) where critical failure of any could result in catastrophic or existential risks. Our goal is to begin grounding ASI existential risks in a minimal set of overarching challenges that seem unavoidable.
Gas-Liquid Phase Transition in Statistical Mechanics

A new theory on gas-liquid phase transition is given. The new idea is that the total intermolecular potential energy for a classical system in equilibrium is relative with the average distance of molecules. A new space homogeneity assumption is postulated, a new formulation -- the mean distance expansion, instead of Mayer's Cluster Expansion, is introduced, a new explanation on liquid-gas phase transition is given, and the physical quantities in a system of coexistent vapor and liquid -- the densities of the coexistent vapor and liquid, the vapor pressure and the latent heat, are calculated.
The precautionary principle, uncertainty and the Noah’s Ark problem

Multiple biodiversity objectives have been proposed in conservation planning and economics for the Noah’s Ark problem – the problem of allocating limited funds to conservation projects – including species richness, persistence, taxonomic diversity, representativeness, the charismatic value of species, the broader concept of direct utility and ecological importance. However, these objectives are incommensurable and there is little consensus about which objective should be pursued, given the current state of nature. In economics, this is perhaps because the commensurability problem can be solved by converting all biodiversity objectives to monetary values. Yet, even here, a commensurability problem exists because fundamental uncertainty about species interactions means that ecological values cannot be represented in economic terms. Thus, maximising biodiversity value, combined as it is with a rational decision-making framework and assumed known probabilities of survival, can undermine the very values being pursued. This is especially the case when climate change is a current and future state of nature. Climate change adds additional complexity and fundamental uncertainties to the survival probabilities, the future value of species, the interactions among species and the probability of success of conservation projects. The associated incomplete information can lead decision makers to risky decisions under the current approach. Instead, under such conditions, the precautionary principle is appropriate. This leads to a broad conservation strategy of minimising the maximum regret and, when applied to the Noah’s Ark problem, an objective of ecosystem resilience or functional diversity rather than an objective based on economic values. The paper therefore provides an economic justification for focussing conservation resources and threatened species legislation on the resilience of ecosystems.
Racialized versus non-racialized disease risk messaging:  the effect of at-home genetic tests on support for progressive policies addressing racial disparities in health, education, and employment.

The popularity of at-home genetic testing products has sparked debate about how these technologies impact our understanding and treatment of human differences. Do genetic technologies highlight the commonalities between social groups? Or do they naturalize differences, ascribing existing inequalities to nature rather than structural disadvantage? Speaking to this debate, I ask how interaction with genetic tests affects support for policies addressing racial disparities in health, education, and employment. In a survey experiment, a nationally representative sample of 350 individuals read either a vignette describing ethnicity as central to genetic predisposition for diseases (“ethnicity” vignette) or a vignette that did not mention ancestry and communicated disease risk in accordance with National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine guidelines for genomic research (“genetic similarity” vignette). Participants without prior genetic knowledge in the “genetic similarity” condition displayed higher likelihood of supporting policies that would ameliorate racial health disparities. In addition, participants of all genetic knowledge levels in the “genetic similarity” group displayed a higher likelihood of approving of the Affordable Care Act. These results suggest two mechanisms through which genetic technologies can fulfill egalitarian ideals: changes in the technology’s messaging and increases in the public’s genetic knowledge.
Czech Report on Genetic Testing for Employment and Insurance

Genetic testing for both medical and forensic purposes has become routine in Czechia, as in other developed countries. However, its use is sporadic in the fields of employment and insurance, likely due in part to the state of Czech political and socio-economic development as well as the shortcomings of post-socialist law. Although the Council of Europe and the European Union stipulate general principles, domestic legal discourse about the particularities of the regulation of genetic testing is in its infancy. Discrimination based on individual genetic makeup is generally illicit in the employment context. Despite the fact that covert testing without informed consent is certainly punishable, one might expect it would occur in countries with perfunctory implementation of laws. Therefore, the absence of genetic testing in the workplace in Czechia is better explained by its impracticality, although rare exceptions exist that seek to protect healthcare practitioners handling dangerous substances. Genetic testing and consideration of its results do play a role in life insurance. For instance, one insurer’s contract terms exclude women with a genetically identified risk of breast cancer. However, another phenomenon is important in a country with an underdeveloped insurance market: instead of conducting controversial and likely illicit genetic testing, insurers simply exclude rare monogenetic diseases. Finally, Czechia has universal public health insurance, but we can expect that genetic makeup could be considered in the allocation of treatment and its public financing in the future.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment on Innovative Behavior with Knowledge Management as Intervening Variables on the Millennial Generation in KAP Tanubrata Sutanto Fahmi Bambang dan Rekan (TSFBR)

This research aims to identify and examine the factors that influence transformational leadership and organizational commitment to innovative behavior through knowledge management in Millennial Generation in a public accounting firm in Jakarta. This study involved 129 millennial employees in the audit service industry. The data were analyzed using a quantitative approach because it prioritizes the measurement method and the sample using a deductive approach that emphasizes detailed priorities on the available data. This study found several measurement results on the object of research, namely transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on knowledge management in the millennial generation, positive and significant organizational commitment to knowledge management in the millennial generation, positive and significant knowledge management on innovative behavior in the millennial generation, positive transformational leadership and significant to the innovative behavior of the millennial generation, positive and significant organizational commitment to innovative behavior, transformational leadership has a positive and significant influence on the innovative behavior of the millennial generation through knowledge management mediation, and positive and significant organizational commitment to the innovative behavior of the millennial generation through knowledge management.
Who are these people? Personality traits and judgments about trade secret misappropriation in post‐employment activities

Trade secret theft is a problem that almost all organizations face. The greatest threat is employee mobility and potential unethical post‐employment behavior. This study investigates the role of individual personality traits in judgments about trade secret misappropriation. Our hypotheses were tested in three studies addressing three different situational contexts: current employees, employees about to be laid off, and students who had quit their job. Relationships were estimated with robust regression. The results show that some personality traits predict judgment about another person's trade secret misappropriation, and that the situational context in which individuals formulate their ethical judgment moderates the impact of personality traits on ethical judgment.
mRNA technology as one of the promising platforms for the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine development

After the genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) was published and the number of infected people began to increase rapidly, many global companies began to develop a vaccine. Almost all known approaches to vaccine design were applied for this purpose, including inactivated viruses, mRNA and DNA-vaccines, vaccines based on various viral vectors, synthetically generated peptides and recombinant proteins produced in cells of insects and mammals. This review considers one of the promising vaccine platforms based on messenger RNA. Until recent years, mRNA-vaccination was out of practical implementation due to high sensitivity to nuclease degradation and consequent instability of drugs based on mRNA. Latest technological advances significantly mitigated the problems of low immunogenicity, instability, and difficulties in RNA-vaccine delivery. It is worth noting that mRNA-vaccines can efficiently activate both components of the immune system, i. e. T-cell and humoral responses. The essential advantage of mRNA-vaccines includes fast, inexpensive, scalable and uniform production providing a large output of desirable products in vitro. Synthesis and purification processes significantly simplify the process technology of mRNA drugs with injectable purity. Thus, mRNA production via in vitro transcription is more advantageous as compared with DNA-vaccines since it is a chemical process without the use of cells. mRNA techniques make it possible to pass all the phases of vaccine development much faster in comparison with the production of vaccines based on inactivated viruses or recombinant proteins. This property is critically important when designing vaccines against viral pathogens as the main problem of disease control includes a time gap between an epidemic and vaccine development. This paper discusses studies on the development of vaccines against coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 with special attention to the mRNA technique.
A Critical-like Collective State Leads to Long-range Cell Communication in Dictyostelium discoideum Aggregation

The transition from single-cell to multicellular behavior is important in early development but rarely studied. The starvation-induced aggregation of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum into a multicellular slug is known to result from single-cell chemotaxis towards emitted pulses of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). However, how exactly do transient short-range chemical gradients lead to coherent collective movement at a macroscopic scale? Here, we use a multiscale model verified by quantitative microscopy to describe wide-ranging behaviors from chemotaxis and excitability of individual cells to aggregation of thousands of cells. To better understand the mechanism of long-range cell-cell communication and hence aggregation, we analyze cell-cell correlations, showing evidence for self-organization at the onset of aggregation (as opposed to following a leader cell). Surprisingly, cell collectives, despite their finite size, show features of criticality known from phase transitions in physical systems. Application of external cAMP perturbations in our simulations near the sensitive critical point allows steering cells into early aggregation and towards certain locations but not once an aggregation center has been chosen.
Photonic perceptron at Giga-OP/s speeds with Kerr microcombs for scalable optical neural networks

Optical artificial neural networks (ONNs) have significant potential for ultra-high computing speed and energy efficiency. We report a novel approach to ONNs that uses integrated Kerr optical micro-combs. This approach is programmable and scalable and is capable of reaching ultra-high speeds. We demonstrate the basic building block ONNs-a single neuron perceptron-by mapping synapses onto 49 wavelengths to achieve an operating speed of 11.9 x 10 9 operations per second, or Giga-OPS, at 8 bits per operation, which equates to 95.2 gigabits/s (Gbps). We test the perceptron on handwritten-digit recognition and cancer-cell detection-achieving over 90% and 85% accuracy, respectively. By scaling the perceptron to a deep learning network using off-the-shelf telecom technology we can achieve high throughput operation for matrix multiplication for real-time massive data processing.
Towards An Integration Of The Lean Enterprise System, Total Quality Management, Six Sigma And Related Enterprise Process Improvement Methods

The lean enterprise system, total quality management, six sigma, theory of constraints, agile manufacturing, and business process reengineering have been introduced as universally applicable best methods to improve the performance of enterprise operations through continuous process improvement and systemic planned enterprise change. Generally speaking, they represent practice-based, rather than theory-grounded, methods with common roots in manufacturing. Most of the literature on them is descriptive and prescriptive, aimed largely at a practitioner audience. Despite certain differences among them, they potentially complement each other in important ways. The lean enterprise system, total quality management and six sigma, in particular, are tightly interconnected as highly complementary approaches and can be brought together to define a first-approximation “core” integrated management system, with the lean enterprise system serving as the central organizing framework. Specific elements of the other approaches can be selectively incorporated into the “core” enterprise system to enrich its effectiveness. Concrete theoretical and computational developments in the future through an interdisciplinary research agenda centered on the design and development of networked enterprises as complex adaptive socio-technical systems, as well as the creation of a readily accessible observatory of evidence-based management practices, would represent important steps forward.