ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Supera cognitive stimulation study with cognitively-unimpaired older adults: methodology and initial results of a randomized controlled clinical trial

AbstractScientific investigations have highlighted the benefits of cognitive stimulation for cognitive, psychological, and social aspects in older individuals. However, there is a dearth of long-term, methodologically-rigorous studies. The aim of the present study was to describe the methods and the initial characteristics of the participants in a randomized controlled trial on cognitive stimulation. A total of 578 older individuals accepted invitations to participate in the study. Of these respondents, 362 met the eligibility criteria, and 255 were selected and randomized into the training, active control, and passive control groups. During the baseline stage (T0), 48 participants withdrew, resulting in a final T0 sample of 207 participants. The three groups were similar in terms of cognitive performance and sociodemographic and psychosocial variables, but they differed significantly regarding depressive symptoms, with the training group scoring higher. The methods herein described can help guide future research on cognitive stimulation in older adults.
How AI Tools Improve Physics Education Outcomes: A Review of Intelligent Tutoring, Adaptive Learning, and Student Engagement

The AI's (Artificial Intelligence) growing success offers new possibilities for teaching and learning in science education; particularly with regard to educational physics, as this subject encompasses a plethora of complex concepts to understand. This article provides an overview of previous research conducted regarding AI implementation within the realm of physics education and divides several subcategories. These classifications encompass three major types of AI tools used in physics education: Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs), Adaptive Learning Platforms, and Student Engagement Technologies. Empirical research from peer-reviewed articles and institutional reports has been referenced in assessing whether using AI tools improves students' ability to comprehend physics concepts, receive individualized instruction, and improve student motivation while attending secondary and post-secondary physics classes. Data obtained through this review indicate that when delivered appropriately, the implementation of AI tools positively affects overall students' learning outcomes by helping reduce the amount of misconceptions that can occur and by increasing students' ability to become actively involved in their own learning. In summary, the current state of research regarding the use of AI tools within the context of physics education provides multiple opportunities for future researchers to investigate this area more thoroughly by addressing gaps in existing scientific literature on this topic
A STUDY ON THE PROPOSED RIGHT TO DISCONNECT BILL, 2025 AND ITS POTENTIAL IMPACT ON WORK–LIFE BALANCE IN INDIA

The rapid digitalisation of workplaces in India has significantly altered work patterns, often extending work-related communication beyond official working hours and blurring the boundaries between professional and personal life. In response to these emerging challenges, the Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025 has been proposed to safeguard employees from after-hours work obligations. Against this backdrop, the present study examines the proposed Right to Disconnect Bill, 2025 and its potential impact on work–life balance in India.  The study adopts an exploratory research design to assess employees’ awareness, perceptions, and anticipated effects of the proposed legislation. Primary data were collected through a structured questionnaire supported by secondary data. Descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were employed to analyse the perceived relationship between the proposed right to disconnect and key dimensions of work–life balance, including personal time management, psychological well-being, job satisfaction, and work-related stress.   The findings suggest that while employees hold positive perceptions of the Right to Disconnect, these perceptions do not immediately translate into improved work–life balance. RTD is largely viewed as a forward-looking safeguard rather than an indicator of existing work–life conditions. The results highlight that organisational culture and individual coping mechanisms play a significant role in shaping employee’s work–life balance.
Synchrotron X-ray Analytical Techniques for Studying Materials Electrochemistry in Rechargeable Batteries

Rechargeable battery technologies have ignited major breakthroughs in contemporary society, including but not limited to revolutions in transportation, electronics, and grid energy storage. The remarkable development of rechargeable batteries is largely attributed to in-depth efforts to improve battery electrode and electrolyte materials. There are, however, still intimidating challenges of lower cost, longer cycle and calendar life, higher energy density, and better safety for large scale energy storage and vehicular applications. Further progress with rechargeable batteries may require new chemistries (lithium ion batteries and beyond) and better understanding of materials electrochemistry in the various battery technologies. In the past decade, advancement of battery materials has been complemented by new analytical techniques that are capable of probing battery chemistries at various length and time scales. Synchrotron X-ray techniques stand out as one of the most effective methods that allow for nearly nondestructive probing of materials characteristics such as electronic and geometric structures with various depth sensitivities through spectroscopy, scattering, and imaging capabilities. This article begins with the discussion of various rechargeable batteries and associated important scientific questions in the field, followed by a review of synchrotron X-ray based analytical tools (scattering, spectroscopy, and imaging) and their successful applications (ex situ, in situ, and in operando) in gaining fundamental insights into these scientific questions. Furthermore, electron microscopy and spectroscopy complement the detection length scales of synchrotron X-ray tools and are also discussed toward the end. We highlight the importance of studying battery materials by combining analytical techniques with complementary length sensitivities, such as the combination of X-ray absorption spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy with spatial resolution, because a sole technique may lead to biased and inaccurate conclusions. We then discuss the current progress of experimental design for synchrotron experiments and methods to mitigate beam effects. Finally, a perspective is provided to elaborate how synchrotron techniques can impact the development of next-generation battery chemistries.
What is the place of biological control in acridid integrated pest management?

Abstract Control of grasshoppers and locusts has traditionally relied on synthetic insecticides, and for emergency situations, this is unlikely to change. Most locust control operations in Africa are conducted in ‘crisis mode’, and are affected by military situations which leave little room for flexibility. Nevertheless, there is a growing awareness of the environmental impact of acridid control options and the demand for a biological product is strong. A decade of research on the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum has led to some very positive field results. Trials in Niger and Australia have shown that the fungus can be formulated and applied under standard operating conditions, and that control is effective and long-lasting. Most importantly, the products are highly selective, safe to use and we have not been able to detect any side-effects. This means that the natural enemy fauna is preserved and may contribute to control. Metarhizium is nonetheless slow-acting compared with c...
Do central bank digital currencies (CBDC) protect the consumer or are they a mirage?

Consumers are using cash less and less, and the use of private money, through companies such as Visa, Mastercard or Paypal, is increasing considerably. On the one hand, cryptocurrencies, such as bitcoin, were created in 2008, and on the other hand, private digital currencies backed by large technology companies are coming onto the market. And right now, feasibility projects for digital currencies are being studied by central banks. Indeed, consumers seem not to distinguish between private and public digital currencies, while giving up their privacy, despite the adoption of the European Data Protection Regulation in Europe. Do CBDCs protect the consumer or are they a mirage? Can these digital currencies, with their centralization, represent a monopoly? Is controlling money a way of controlling the market, and suppressing the freedom of the individual? This article aims to answer these questions.
Urban agriculture in Istanbul : the road to food security and sustainability

As the world is facing urbanization at full speed and as food systems become more globally entangled leaving consumers at the mercy of markets and conventional products, urban agriculture attracts more attention and offers new opportunities to urban residents to handle their food systems. With its ability to secure food for populations, generate income, sustain urban ecosystems and create livable communities, urban agriculture is praised increasingly in different parts of the world, and urban residents more and more grasp their chance of obtaining their right to food. The present research intends to reveal the potentials of urban agriculture for cities which are facing global and local challenges, and it aims to discover new opportunities for urban residents who desire to include urban agricultural activities in their urban lifestyles. In order to do that, the study looks at the case of Istanbul, more specifically a local urban agriculture initiative which is established with the aim of bringing food production and urban residents together. The research explores how it is possible to start, conduct and finalize an urban agriculture project within the confines of an urban apartment, and it intends to reveal the possibilities and hindrances faced during the process while formulating ideas for future examples. Results indicate that urban agriculture within an apartment context is possible to bring aspects of urban agriculture to reality, and shows how people can find a way to install urban agriculture into their urban backgrounds. The research illustrates that cities can welcome urban agriculture with ease, but also indicates that much help, planning and effort is needed to implement projects and to receive beneficial outcomes.
A comprehensive analysis and optimization of continuous twin-screw granulation processes via sequential experimentation strategy

Nowadays twin-screw granulation has been emerging as an attractive continuous wet granulation technique. This study was geared towards better process design and understanding with emphasis on bridging the knowledge gap between input and output variables by employing sequential experimentation strategy. A low-dose formulation for granulation experiments contained anhydrous caffeine as the model drug. In the first phase of parameter screening, D-optimal design and stepwise regression were leveraged to develop interaction models following the examination of various quantitative and qualitative factors of potential importance. To maximize the design space dictated by predefined quality target values, several variables were fixed at optimum levels: 700 rpm screw speed, 60° kneading element staggering angle, 5 kneading elements and distributive feed screw in the screw configuration. In the second phase of characterization, response surface design was utilized to investigate the dependence of critical quality attributes of granules and tablets on selected critical process parameters (L/S ratio, throughput and barrel temperature). The results indicated that the influence of throughput and barrel temperature was relatively inferior to L/S ratio. Higher degree of liquid saturation led to granules with narrower size distribution, smaller porosity and enhanced flowability and tablets with declining tensile strength yet slackened drug release.
Genome-wide chromosomal instability by cell-free DNA sequencing predicts survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer

Genome-wide chromosomal instability, instead of specific somatic mutations or copy-number alterations in selected genes, is a significant property of cancer and may suggest a new strategy for treatment. Here we utilized cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequencing to display the whole picture of chromosomal instability in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC), and evaluate its predictive value for patient survival.The clinical data of 65 patients who had frozen plasma and planned to change the therapeutic regimen were retrospectively enrolled. Low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cfDNA was performed to generate the chromosomal instability represented by chromosomal instability (CIN) score.Tumors with diverse status of hormone receptor and HER2 represented diverse chromosomal instability across the whole genome. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve and the statistical distribution, CIN score exceed 3881 was defined as "High". 32 (53.3%) patients with high CIN score had similar clinicopathologic characteristics compared with low CIN score patients. The median overall survival of patients with high CIN score was 21.2 months (95% CI 14.1-28.3), which was significantly inferior to those with low CIN score (not reached, P = 0.006). Regardless of various treatment regimens, the median progression free survival in patients with high CIN score was 7.3 months, which was significantly worse than those in the low CIN score population (11.0 months, P = 0.034). Multivariate analysis revealed that CIN score was an independent prognostic factor, with hazard ratio of 3.563 (P = 0.005).To our knowledge, this is the first study illustrating the prognostic value of chromosomal instability derived from cfDNA in MBC.
Enhancing regenerative medicine: the crucial role of stem cell therapy

Stem cells offer new therapeutic avenues for the repair and replacement of damaged tissues and organs owing to their self-renewal and multipotent differentiation capabilities. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of the characteristics of various types of stem cells and offer insights into their potential applications in both cellular and cell-free therapies. In addition, we provide a comprehensive summary of the technical routes of stem cell therapy and discuss in detail current challenges, including safety issues and differentiation control. Although some issues remain, stem cell therapy demonstrates excellent potential in the field of regenerative medicine and provides novel tactics and methodologies for managing a wider spectrum of illnesses and traumas.
Voice of Emancipation from Caste Discrimination: Reading Untouchability and Injustice in Dulal’s Gahugoro Africā

This paper attempts to analyze the issues on the untouchability, injustice and voice declaration of emancipation from caste discrimination in Bishowbhakta Dulal’s Gahugoro Africa. Dalits as Africans are primarily artisans and utilize their skills and perform the imposed duties. However, they get fewer wage and they are hated, humiliated, discriminated, exploited and traumatized in the society by the upper caste people and the nation even in the twenty-first century. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to analyze the voice of emancipation from various evil cultural practices like caste discrimination, untouchability and injustice. The text was chosen purposively and the research was conducted using a library-based qualitative approach, utilizing relevant texts and sources to analyze the objective. The researcher has implemented cultural studies perspective and the discursive approach of Stuart Hall as main and other theorists’ ideas as supporting tools for theoretical parameters. The data were collected by text information, description and record keeping. The researcher examined that Dalits have been considered untouchable, distanced and humiliated despite their vital role in the society. The imposed professions that were assigned to them could not suffice their needs. Dalits have presented themselves everywhere still they have been the victims of socio-cultural biasness and injustice. So the speaker strictly declares emancipation from every type of cultural shackles. Freedom from such evil practice is inevitable for Dalits in Nepal. So, it is the representative voice of Dalits (Kami, Damai, Sarki, Badi, Gaine, Mushahar and Cyame) in general. The research is significant due to its focus on the inhuman treatment and miserable existence of Dalits in the context of Nepal. The exploration on the voice of emancipation from the caste discrimination in the diverse cultures and cultural practices is valuable to academia.
A simple concept for modeling cosmic ray modulation in the inner heliosphere during solar cycles 20–23

Recent observations suggest a close relationship between the evolution of the solar magnetic field and high‐energy cosmic ray modulations at 1 AU on timescales of ≳1 year. We investigate this relationship using the simple concept that changes in the solar magnetic field propagate from the Sun and cause a change in the radial diffusion coefficient, assumed to scale as some inverse power of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) magnitude (K ∝ B−n). Increases in the IMF cause a reduction in the cosmic ray density in the inner heliosphere. A continuous recovery process is also assumed to operate, represented by a timescale τ which physically is related to particle entry into the depleted regions of the heliosphere by drift and diffusion processes. We integrate numerically the spherically symmetric equation representing this process, and incorporate the observed variations of the parameters included in the equation. The concept is able to account for the variations in cosmic ray intensity at 1 AU during solar cycles 20–23 remarkably successfully using physically plausible values of n ∼ 1–2. An important requirement is that recovery times are shorter (τ ∼ 30 days for &gt;2 GV cosmic rays observed by neutron monitors) during epochs when the polarity of the solar global magnetic field A &gt; 0, than when A &lt; 0 (τ ∼ 100 days). This dependence has a simple physical interpretation, since particle inflows into the inner heliosphere are expected to be faster from over the poles in A &gt; 0 epochs than along the heliospheric current sheet when A &lt; 0. We also identify a period around solar maximum when recovery times are long, consistent with the disappearance of latitudinal intensity gradients observed by Ulysses approaching the maximum of solar cycle 23. This period commences when the axisymmetric component of the solar open flux reaches a minimum, essentially corresponding to the disappearance of the polar coronal holes, prior to solar maximum. Part of the energy dependence of the size of cosmic ray intensity variations can be accounted for by recovery times that decrease with increasing particle energy. Despite the simplicity of the concept, we suggest that it provides important insight into the relationships between variations of the solar magnetic field, interplanetary parameters, and cosmic ray modulation.
Proficient Graph Neural Network Design by Accumulating Knowledge on Large Language Models

High-level automation is increasingly critical in AI, driven by rapid advances in large language models (LLMs) and AI agents. However, LLMs, despite their general reasoning power, struggle significantly in specialized, data-sensitive tasks such as designing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). This difficulty arises from (1) the inherent knowledge gaps in modeling the intricate, varying relationships between graph properties and suitable architectures and (2) the external noise from misleading descriptive inputs, often resulting in generic or even misleading model suggestions. Achieving proficiency in designing data-aware models -- defined as the meta-level capability to systematically accumulate, interpret, and apply data-specific design knowledge -- remains challenging for existing automated approaches, due to their inefficient construction and application of meta-knowledge. To achieve meta-level proficiency, we propose DesiGNN, a knowledge-centered framework that systematically converts past model design experience into structured, fine-grained knowledge priors well-suited for meta-learning with LLMs. To account for the inherent variability and external noise, DesiGNN aligns empirical property filtering from extensive benchmarks with adaptive elicitation of literature insights via LLMs. By constructing a solid meta-knowledge between unseen graph understanding and known effective architecture patterns, DesiGNN can deliver top-5.77% initial model proposals for unseen datasets within seconds and achieve consistently superior performance with minimal search cost compared to baselines.
The Concept of Business Legitimacy: Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Citizenship, Corporate Governance as Essential Elements of Ethical Business Legitimacy

This chapter discusses corporate social responsibility, corporate governance, and corporate citizenship in relation to business legitimacy as a basic concept in the philosophy of management. Corporations must take into the consideration of legitimacy to be able to exist and prosper in a society: legitimacy is a precondition of business license to operate in society, and of the supply of necessary resources—ranging from investments, committed employees, business partners, and sales/consumption, to political support and support from an increasing range of diverse stakeholders. However, the interrelation between business and the rest of society changes with the evolution of society and mediates by changing legitimacy processes. Today, businesses’ ethical, social, and societal responsibility moves towards broader value orientations expressed in business ethics and the triple bottom-line, which balances social, environmental, and economic considerations and in societal commitment, where businesses assume tasks that were previously reserved for the state. Business legitimacy follows fluid, ambiguous norms so that ethics, communicative competences, and practices are a fundamental precondition for navigating in a society that grows increasingly dynamic and diverse. Indeed, the contents as well as the rationality of legitimacy and the types of legitimacy conflicts have changed and this is an important challenge for developing sustainability in the intersection between corporate social responsibility, corporate citizenship, and corporate governance.
Long-Term Modulation of Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere and its Influence at Earth

The temporal variation of the cosmic-ray flux at Earth directly influences the production rate of cosmogenic isotopes in the Earth’s atmosphere. Here we put the emphasis on problems of the modulation of cosmic rays in the heliosphere. The physics of the modulation region, e.g., the heliosphere, is described and also the transport theory of the cosmic rays through the heliosphere is presented. The discussion includes more recent ideas of the modulation in the heliosheath. In the light of these ideas the cosmic-ray fluxes during the Maunder minimum are discussed. It is also discussed, that the 22-year cycle observed in the cosmogenic isotopes is a modulation effect of the cosmic rays, and hence directly connected with the physics of the outer heliosphere.