ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Detected-jump-error-correcting quantum codes, quantum error designs, and quantum computation

The recently introduced detected-jump correcting quantum codes are capable of stabilizing qubit-systems against spontaneous decay processes arising from couplings to statistically independent reservoirs. These embedded quantum codes exploit classical information about which qubit has emitted spontaneously and correspond to an active error-correcting code embedded in a passive error-correcting code. The construction of a family of one detected jump-error correcting quantum codes is shown and the optimal redundancy, encoding and recovery as well as general properties of detected jump-error correcting quantum codes are discussed. By the use of design theory multiple jump-error correcting quantum codes can be constructed. The performance of one jump-error correcting quantum codes under non-ideal conditions is studied numerically by simulating a quantum memory and Grover's algorithm.
Discriminating Similar Languages: Evaluations and Explorations

We present an analysis of the performance of machine learning classifiers on discriminating between similar languages and language varieties. We carried out a number of experiments using the results of the two editions of the Discriminating between Similar Languages (DSL) shared task. We investigate the progress made between the two tasks, estimate an upper bound on possible performance using ensemble and oracle combination, and provide learning curves to help us understand which languages are more challenging. A number of difficult sentences are identified and investigated further with human annotation.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in South-East Asia; a one-health approach of human-animal-food-environment

Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne intracellular pathogen. The pathogen is the primary cause of human Listeriosis. The main source of human Listeriosis is through consumption of contaminated food products. Other modes of transmission include zoonotic and vertical transmission. The disease often presents in a mild form, but severe and fatal cases, as well as outbreaks, may occur. Despite these challenges, there has been little attempt at enumerating the burden of the disease in countries of Southeast Asia (SEA) and some developing countries. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of L. monocytogenes in SEA using one health approach through a systematic review and meta-analysis (SR&MA) of the existing literature. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, an a priori protocol for the SR&MA was developed and registered in PROSPERO (ID=CRD42021288903). A systematic search of four electronic databases was performed for relevant citations. The identified publications were screened, and 17 studies were included in the review from where data was extracted. The pooling of the prevalence estimate (with the 95% confidence interval [CI]) was done using the random effect model by employing the double transformed arcsine method using MetaXL software. The overall determined prevalence for L. monocytogenes in SEA (in food, animal, and environmental sources) was 16% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10-23). Further subgroup analysis revealed ready-to-eat food of vegetable origin with the highest prevalence of 21% (CI: 6-41). Also, seven virulence genes were identified to be prevalent in the subregion. The commonest identification method was found to be the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The knowledge of the high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in SEA is relevant for informed decision making by clinicians, public health practitioners, and policymakers. To achieve the goal of the effective control and prevention of the disease in the subregion.
Racial Discrimination and Nationality and Migration Exceptions: Reconciling CERD and the Race Equality  Directive

The principles of equality and non-discrimination offer potentially valuable tools to challenge discriminatory practices employed by States against non-citizens. However, nationality and immigration-related exceptions are an established feature of non-discrimination laws. Such exceptions raise fundamental questions about the scope of the protection offered by anti-discrimination laws and have the potential to perpetuate, rather than eliminate, race discrimination. This article addresses this critical but often neglected issue, through a doctrinal analysis of two specific exceptions - Articles 1(2) and 1(3) of the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and Article 3(2) of the EU's Race Equality Directive - and an examination of their impact in practice at the domestic level. We argue that nationality and migration status exceptions must be interpreted as narrowly as possible, in line with the core purpose of these instruments to eliminate race discrimination. Furthermore, we suggest that the interplay between these legal frameworks at the domestic level of implementation takes on particular importance in defining the scope and limits of nationality and migration-based exceptions.
The Evolving Role of Fundamental Rights in Digital Age: A Study on Data Privacy and Surveillance

INTRODUCTION  Understanding Fundamental Rights and Their Relevance  Basic rights are the source of fundamental liberties that constitute the pillars of democratic governance. In India, they are enshrined in Part III of the Constitution and are seen as necessary for integral development of individuals. They safeguard people from capricious action on the part of the state, guarantee the rule of law, and promote democratic engagement. For example, Article 14 enforces equality before law, Article 19 ensures freedom of expression, and Article 21 protects the right to life and personal liberty.  These rights are not legal formalities—they constitute the moral ethos of the Indian republic. The Supreme Court has been instrumental in broadening the ambit of these rights through progressive interpretation. For instance, Article 21 has been judicially enlarged to encompass the right to livelihood, education, and, most significantly in this regard, the right to privacy.  However, the advent of new technologies has radically changed citizen-state and citizen-corporation relations. Data is the new oil in the digital world, and digital tracks are constantly mined, stored, and analyzed. This calls for a reexamination of the current framework of basic rights in order to keep them effective and relevant in society today.
Equality and Distribution of Jurisdiction between the Central Government and the Autonomous Communities for the Regulation of Rights to Sexual and Reproductive Health

The purpose of the article is the legal analysis of the evolution of rights to sexual and reproductive health and the jurisdictions of the central government and the autonomous communities in this matter. It has three sections and conclusions. First, it traces a historical journey, from the appearance of these rights to their recognition by the United Nations, and the evolution of these rights in the Spanish legal system, from their configuration as crimes in the penal code to their recognition by the Constitutional Court and Organic Laws 2/2010 and 1/2023. Secondly, the article analyses the distribution of powers between Spain’s central government and the Catalan Government in matters of health and gender policies and the impact of the jurisdiction of the central government based on Article 149.1.1 of the Spanish Constitution. In conclusion, the article underlines the need for a restrictive interpretation of this precept under the prism of self-restraint and proportionality, in order to avoid undermining the powers of the Catalan Government.
Developing a practice and evidence-based guideline for occupational health and safety professionals to prevent and handle musculoskeletal pain in workplaces

Practice guidelines can facilitate the translation of evidence-based knowledge into better occupational health and safety (OHS) prevention. This paper describes the development process, findings and content of a practice and evidence-based guideline for musculoskeletal pain (MSP) to OHS professionals in Denmark. We used a participatory process with involvement of more than 100 OHS professionals in the development of the guideline. The guideline contains three sections: 1) Rapid review of risk factors for MSP (Push/pull, Screen work, Lifting, Awkward postures and Psychosocial factors related to MSP) and single- and multi-stranded interventions targeting MSP. 2) Process recommendations for use of the guideline by a three-phase participatory process 3) Practical recommendations that contain advice and methods for the three-phase participatory process. This paper can promote future guideline development, as it provides specific insight into how OHS professionals can be included in the development of practice and evidence-based guideline through a participatory process.
Dynamic Output Feedback Compensation Control for Discrete Closed‐Loop Nonlinear System with Multiple Time‐Delays

This paper addresses the dynamic output feedback control problem for a class of discrete system with uncertainties and multiple time‐delays. First, the system is decomposed into two subsystems based on the output matrix and input control matrix. Secondly, a dynamic compensator is employed for the first subsystem, and then, given the multiple uncertainties, the output feedback controller is designed based on the second subsystem and the dynamic compensator. Thirdly, by choosing the Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function, it can be seen that the developed controller makes the closed‐loop system convergent to an adjustable region, which can be rendered arbitrary small by adjusting design parameters. Compared with the previous researches, the proposed controller is not only smooth and memoryless, but also only dependent on the system output. Furthermore, with the given dynamic compensator, the controller design conditions are relaxed, while the approach is extended to the conventional nonlinear system. Finally, numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Decomposition of the Mathematical Model of Precision Neutron-Physical Calculations of Nuclear Reactors

Abstract                The main goal of the work is to assess the possibility of minimizing the design time of nuclear reactors. The achievement of the goal is facilitated by the development of hierarchical models of neutron-physical calculation of the reactor. The models assume the use of a single software package, which eliminates errors associated with the inconsistency of mathematical models used at different levels. The work uses the well-known MCU code, developed by specialists of the NRC “Kurchatov Institute” and the author’s codes. To analyze the void reactivity effect in fast reactors with a traditional geometric shape of the core, a two-level model is used. For studies of a strip zone reactor, an intermediate level of hierarchy is required: a three-level model is used. The subsystem of the lower level is characterized by the minimum time spent on calculations. It allows you to estimate the exact upper bound of the void reactivity effect. Thus, at the stage of preparing a technical proposal, it is possible to limit ourselves to using only the lower-level model, which will reduce the research time by an order of magnitude. This model made it possible to quickly solve a number of practical problems. The significance of research is determined by the possibility of easy adaptation of the model to reactors of different types and to use as the base code of any software package for precision neutron-physical calculation of the reactor. There is no need to use a third-level subsystem to analyze the void reactivity effect in reactors with an unconventional core or low-power reactors. The subsystem gives highly overestimated void effect results. The proposed models are used for post-optimization analysis, computational experiment, and parameterization procedures.
Your Genes in Insurance: From Genetic Discrimination to Genomic Solidarity

Advances in genomics and postgenomics have renewed interest in the impact of genomic health information on private life insurance across Europe. These developments reopen the issue of how genes - apart from being the object of discrimination (exclusion) - also operate as generators of solidarity (inclusion). This article traces several developments in regulating genetics and life insurance and its social implications in the European context. At first, genes were viewed as a source of differentiation, which led to fears of 'genetic discrimination' in life insurance. In response, genetic nondiscrimination regulations were enacted across Europe. Current debates on the use of genomic health information in life insurance have actually opened up possibilities for a form of genomic solidarity between 'all of us'. The introduction of genes and genomes appears to turn private life insurance practices of actuarial risk discrimination increasingly into 'discriminatory' practices by challenging the larger fundamental 'right to underwrite'.
Deterrence and age thresholds in punishment in British criminal law

This paper investigates the impact of three age thresholds in British criminal law on self-reported offending: the possibility of custody at age 15, the switch from juvenile to adult law at age 18 and the switch from young offender institutions to adult prisons at age 21. Using longitudinal data from 2003 to 2006 I find strong evidence of discontinuous drops in self-reported crime at age 18 and 21. The effects are robust to various specifications of the age-crime relationship and to the inclusion of a wide range of controls, including arrests, court appearances and imprisonment.
Modulation of Cosmic Rays in the Heliosphere From Solar Minimum to Maximum: a Theoretical Perspective

The modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere seems to be dominated by four major mechanisms: convection, diffusion, drifts (gradient, curvature and current sheet), and adiabatic energy losses. In this regard the global structure of the solar wind, the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF), the current sheet (HCS), and that of the heliosphere itself play major roles. Individually, the four mechanisms are well understood, but in combination, the complexity increases significantly especially their evolvement with time — as a function of solar activity. The Ulysses observations contributed significantly during the past solar minimum modulation period to establish the relative importance of these major mechanisms, leading to renewed interest in developing more sophisticated numerical models, and in the underlying physics, e.g., what determines the diffusion tensor. With increased solar activity, the relative contributions of the mentioned mechanisms change, but how they change and what causes these changes over an 11-year solar cycle is not well understood. It can therefore be expected that present and forthcoming observations during solar maximum activity will again produce very important insights into the causes of long-term modulation. In this paper the basic theory of solar modulation is reviewed for galactic cosmic rays. The influence of the Ulysses observations on the development of the basic theory and numerical models are discussed, especially those that have challenged the theory and models. Model-based predictions are shown for what might be encountered during the next solar minimum. Lastly, modulation theory and modelling are discussed for periods of maximum solar activity when a global reorganization of the HMF, and the HCS, occurs.
WHO AWaRe strategy and antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance: An Indian perspective

Antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem to solve especially in developing countries like India. Antibiotic use in India increased several times since 2005. Many studies in India have reported inappropriate and overuse of antibiotics which could be one of the possible reasons for increased antibiotic resistance in country. This is an important and urgent issue that mandate strict regulations regarding rational use of antibiotics. World Health Organization (WHO) has done major revision in essential medicines list which classify antibiotics in three categories (access, watch and reserve) to ensure the availability and correct use of antibiotics. Several countries started antimicrobial stewardship programme to promote appropriate use of antibiotics, reduce antibiotic resistance as well as financial burden. Indian government implemented national action plan on antibiotic resistance in 2017 with the aim of prompting rational use of antibiotics but it is still in its formative stage as all stewardship components are yet to be implemented. This review emphasizes on the importance and the need for implementing WHO’s AWaRe classification and antimicrobial stewardship to promote rational antibiotic use in country.
Research at the frontier: Making visible the intersection between Indigenous peoples’ lands, industrial development, and rights at risk

In this issue of One Earth, Kennedy et al. map Indigenous peoples’ lands at risk of conversion to industrial use by characterizing the national contexts in which lands threatened by large-scale development are situated. Here, we discuss how Indigenous peoples, researchers, and advocates can use and build upon their work.
Is evolutionary biology becoming too politically correct? A reflection on the scala naturae, phylogenetically basal clades, anatomically plesiomorphic taxa, and “lower” animals (919.4)

The notion of                     scala naturae                     dates back to thinkers such as Aristotle, who ranked animals along a graded scale of complexity from “lower” to “higher” animals, such as humans. In the last decades, evolutionary biologists have tended to move from this extreme to the opposite extreme, i.e. to avoid using terms such as “phylogenetically basal” and “anatomically plesiomorphic” taxa, which are seen as “politically incorrect” vestiges of old teleological theories. Recently there has been a renewed interest on these topics, but most discussions on the                     scala naturae                     and related issues continue to be based on hard tissue and molecular data. Here we provide the first discussion of these topics based on empirical data obtained from comparative, developmental and phylogenetic myological studies of all the major vertebrate clades, including primates. We specifically 1) contradict the notions of a                     scala naturae                     or evolutionary progressive trends leading to more complexity and culminating in                     Homo sapiens                     ; and 2) stress that the refutation of these old notions does necessarily not mean that one should not keep using the terms “phylogenetically basal” and particularly “anatomically plesiomorphic” to refer to groups such as the urodeles within the Tetrapoda, or the strepsirrhines and lemurs within the Primates, for instance.                                                                                  Grant Funding Source                                          : Faculty Start‐Up Package, Howard University College of Medicine
CAL-E: A Cognitive AI Learning Environment for Ethical, Adaptive, and Context-Aware Tutoring in Higher Education

AI has revolutionized education by enabling personalized learning, but current AI tutoring systems struggle with a fundamental challenge: they can't fully grasp how humans think, learn, and interact in different situations. This paper presents CAL-E (Cognitive AI Learning Environment), a new theoretical framework that addresses these limitations by combining cognitive flexibility, personalized learning, and ethical safeguards.  CAL-E consists of seven integrated components. At its heart, a Cognitive Processing Core interprets how students learn and adjusts teaching in real-time. This core works alongside a Context Analyzer that tracks emotional states and learning conditions, while a Learner Model Repository continuously updates student profiles. The system's Knowledge Base aligns with academic standards, and its Adaptive Learning Engine delivers customized content. A Feedback Generator provides ongoing assessment, while an Ethical Governance Layer ensures the system remains fair, transparent, and compliant with international AI ethics guidelines.  This architecture directly addresses pressing educational challenges, from digital access inequalities to algorithmic bias and the growing demand for scalable personalized education. Built on foundations in cognitive science, international AI ethics frameworks (including UNESCO and EU guidelines), and recent advances in generative AI, CAL-E provides a roadmap for future research and implementation. The paper includes two detailed architectural diagrams that show how the system's components work together, mapping data flows, agent interactions, and decision-making processes. CAL-E aims to guide the development of AI tutoring systems that aren't just smart, but also ethical, fair, and responsive to each student's unique learning context.
PRAETORIAN: From Protection to Resilience of Critical Infrastructures

AbstractWith the entry into force of the new CER directive, critical entities must focus on resilience. New tools will soon be demanded by Critical Infrastructure operators and innovative technologies will make the difference for the adoption of key measures: carry out risk assessments, take technical and organizational measures to enhance resilience and notify incidents. The H2020 PRAETORIAN project enables the security stakeholders of the CIs in Europe to manage the life cycle of security threats, from forecast, assessment and prevention to detection, response, and mitigation, in a collaborative manner with the security teams from related CIs—being the CIs in the same sector or not. PRAETORIAN supports the decision-making process of CI operators to prevent major damages to the installations, neighboring population, and the environment, while allowing a fast recovery after incidents. This means a significant move toward a Resilience-based framework, going beyond the merely Protection approach required by the former regulation.
Online Learning for Function Placement in Serverless Computing

NetSoft 2025