ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Special Aspects and Issues of Statutory Regulation of Government Protection of Civil and Family Rights and Interests of Minors in the Russian Federation

The article reviews the development of an integrated and unique national model for protection of rights and interests of minors in the Russian Federation, characterized by its distinctive nature and quality characteristics, as well as the prospects of its further development under contemporary conditions. The paper analyzes statutory regulation of government protection of civil and family rights and interests of minors, and the mechanism of its implementation by government authorities. The author studies and analyzes the judicial practice in civil and arbitration cases related to disputes over protection of rights of minors arising out of property, housing, inheritance, child support, and other family relations, as well as cases of bankruptcy of one of the parents. The publication identifies gaps in the mechanism for resolving the arising conflicts between the interests of minors and those of their legal representatives. The article examines procedural issues of the possibility and necessity of participation of minors in litigation, and the problems of state control over protection of rights of children, whose parents are deprived of parental rights. The author concludes that statutory regulation of the current Russian model for protection of rights and interests of children is efficient, although some improvements are required.
An agent-based intelligent environmental monitoring system

Fairly rapid environmental changes call for continuous surveillance and on-line decision making. There are two main areas where IT technologies can be valuable. In this paper we present a multi-agent system for monitoring and assessing air-quality attributes, which uses data coming from a meteorological station. A community of software agents is assigned to monitor and validate measurements coming from several sensors, to assess air-quality, and, finally, to fire alarms to appropriate recipients, when needed. Data mining techniques have been used for adding data-driven, customized intelligence into agents. The architecture of the developed system, its domain ontology, and typical agent interactions are presented. Finally, the deployment of a real-world test case is demonstrated.
Ultra-high energy cosmic rays: analysis of extensive air showers and their associated electromagnetic signal in the MHz domain

Les rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie forment un sujet d'astroparticules très actif car nos connaissances dans ce domaine sont encore loin d'être complètes. Par exemple, ni la nature ni les sources de ces particules ne sont clairement identi- fiées. Le seul fait expérimental bien établi à ce jour est l'existence d'une coupure dans le flux en énergie, autour de 4 × 1019 eV, en bon accord avec la coupure prédite par Greisen-Zatsepin-Kuzmin, comme conséquence de l'interaction des rayons cosmiques avec le rayonnement de fond cosmologique, aux énergies les plus hautes. Concernant les sources, seule une statistique accrue peut éventuellement résoudre l'énigme et il faudra probablement attendre une prochaine génération d'expériences, proposant une surface de collection encore plus grande que celles actuellement en cours d'acquisition, comme l'Observatoire Pierre Auger ou Telescope Array. Avant d'augmenter la statis- tique, une bonne connaissance à la fois de l'énergie du rayon cosmique et de sa nature aidera à comprendre les mécanismes opérant à leurs sources. Concernant l'identification de la nature du rayon cosmique, des améliorations des détecteurs actuels sont en cours ou envisagées. Elles devraient permettre de mesurer certaines composantes spécifiques des gerbes atmosphériques comme par exemple la contribution électromagnétique, via le champ électrique émis par les électrons et positrons secondaires. Je présente dans cette HDR une revue des résultats actuels concernant le thème des rayons cosmiques d'ultra-haute énergie. Après avoir présenté quelques résultats sur le mécanisme de Fermi pour accélérer les rayons cosmiques, j'aborde en particulier la re- construction des gerbes atmosphériques détectées par le réseau de surface de l'Observa- toire Pierre Auger ainsi que la recherche des sources, basée sur la connaissance fine de la couverture du ciel, impliquant une maîtrise des performances du détecteur. Je traite également en détails le signal radio émis par les électrons et positrons secondaires des gerbes, dans le domaine du MHz. Ce signal est étudié depuis le milieu des années 1960 mais la technologie n'en permet une exploitation complète que depuis les années 2000. Je propose un état des lieux de nos connaissances à travers les résultats des expériences actuelles 1 dans ce domaine. Les données montrent que le champ électrique est princi- palement dû à l'influence du champ magnétique terrestre agissant sur les électrons et positrons mais plus récemment, la contribution due à l'excès l'électrons semble appa- raître dans les données. Enfin, je présente nos dernières avancées dans le domaine de la simulation du champ électrique, avec notamment la prédiction d'un signal nouveau, produit par la disparition de la gerbe atmosphérique lors de son absorption dans le sol.
Catastrophic forgetting: still a problem for DNNs

We investigate the performance of DNNs when trained on class-incremental visual problems consisting of initial training, followed by retraining with added visual classes. Catastrophic forgetting (CF) behavior is measured using a new evaluation procedure that aims at an application-oriented view of incremental learning. In particular, it imposes that model selection must be performed on the initial dataset alone, as well as demanding that retraining control be performed only using the retraining dataset, as initial dataset is usually too large to be kept. Experiments are conducted on class-incremental problems derived from MNIST, using a variety of different DNN models, some of them recently proposed to avoid catastrophic forgetting. When comparing our new evaluation procedure to previous approaches for assessing CF, we find their findings are completely negated, and that none of the tested methods can avoid CF in all experiments. This stresses the importance of a realistic empirical measurement procedure for catastrophic forgetting, and the need for further research in incremental learning for DNNs.
Nurse's Workload, Patient Safety and Quality of Care; A Descriptive Study in Tertiary Care Hospital

The study was conducted on Registered Nurses at Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Objective: To explore the nurses’ workload, its effect on patient safety and quality of care in Mardan Medical Complex, Mardan. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was selected for the study. A sample size of 107 nurses was calculated through Raosoft software. For this, data collection tools consisted of a Demographic profile, the Maslach Burnout Scale, and the Nurses Report of Quality of Care. The collected data were analyzed through a Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results: On analysis of 115 structured questionnaire responses, the result disclosed most of the nurses were fed up with working all day long and delivered their maximum effort for their patients with the inappropriate number of staff. They rationalized their hard work with the belief in equality and providing care to humanity. With a high workload, they still feel satisfied and treat their patient apathetically. The nurses showed relatedness of poor quality of care to the high workload and low nurse-patient ratio. Conclusions: The nurses' workload has a direct effect on the patient's health. To maintain the quality of care, the nurse-patient ratio needs to be standardized. With an appropriate nurse-patient ratio, the nurses will then not prioritize the major intervention but will comprehensively and holistically care for their patients which will positively affect the quality of patient care.
Review of David Myer Temin, Remapping Sovereignty: Decolonization and Self-Determination in North American Political Thought. University of Chicago Press, 2023.

Source at https://rauli.cbs.dk/index.php/assc/article/view/7168.
ContinuouSP: Generative Model for Crystal Structure Prediction with Invariance and Continuity

The discovery of new materials using crystal structure prediction (CSP) based on generative machine learning models has become a significant research topic in recent years. In this paper, we study invariance and continuity in the generative machine learning for CSP. We propose a new model, called ContinuouSP, which effectively handles symmetry and periodicity in crystals. We clearly formulate the invariance and the continuity, and construct a model based on the energy-based model. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of this model with the CSP task.
Versatile Battery Insertion Materials: Crystal Structure and Electrochemistry

Rechargeable battery technologies became the spotlight of global scientific research in the quest to address growing energy demand. Currently, Li-ion batteries are unanimously occupied consumer electronic sector. These are mostly depending on only two transition elements such as Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) in popular cathodes LiCoO2 and LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 (NMC). The resource constraints of Co and Ni have paved away for alternate redox chemistry. In this scenario, manganese and vanadium-based layered materials are promising to owe their low-cost, resource-friendly nature with high operational safety. Moreover, the multiple redox states associated with these transition metals are promising to design high energy density cathodes.                Here, we worked on the A2M3O7 (M= V, Mn) class of cathode materials. This family of materials exhibits polymorphism and multiple cationic redox properties. Further, bond valence sum energy calculations (BVSE) discovered a very low migration barrier of the alkali-ion (A) site. It inspired us to examine the intercalation properties of different ions including Li, Na, K and Zn. In each case, we observed interesting crystal chemistry with self-ion exchange property. The residual ions after self-ion exchange acted as pillars to lash out structural collapse during (de)intercalation. The ternary layered Na-Mn-O based metal oxide (Na2Mn3O7) was synthesized using different synthetic routes to tune the size and morphology of Na2Mn3O7 particles. The phase pure Na2Mn3O7 crystallizes in a triclinic layered structure (s.g. P-1). It consists of Mn in major +IV and minor +III oxidation states with electrochemically active Mn4+/Mn3+ redox center. The as-synthesized powder material worked as a versatile cathode for the Li, Na, K and Zn-ion batteries1-4. The systematic electrochemical studies were carried in both the aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. It delivered a reversible capacity of ~160, ~140, ~134 and ~330 mA h g-1 respectively with Li, Na, K and Zn metal foil as an anode in half-cell architectures. The detailed (de)intercalation mechanism along with diffusional studies of the various alkali-ions (Li/Na/K) along with Zn-ion will be described to present Na2Mn3O7 as a versatile cathode material.                References:                                                Adamczyk, V. Pralong, Chem. Mater., 2017, 11, 4645.                                                                     Sada, B. Senthilkumar, P. Barpanda, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2018, 12, 6719.                                                                     Sada, B. Senthilkumar, P. Barpanda, ACS Appl. Energy Mater., 2018, 10, 5410.                                                                     Sada, P. Barpanda, MRS Adv., 2019, 49, 2651-2657.
Resilience and Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure Resilience and Protection of Critical Information Infrastructure

The article deals with resilience and protection of critical information infrastructure elements. The elements affect rapid recovery of the system to its original state and the increase of resistance during the subsequent emergency events. The article also deals with sectoral and cross-sectional criteria for determining the critical information infrastructure elements, which are closely related to resilience and protection. Risk assessment has been conducted in the area of critical information infrastructure. Finally, amendments of the Czech Cyber Security Act have been mentioned.
Data-driven optimization for modern urban logistics and transportation: modeling framework and applications

Abstract                   The rapid advancement of new technologies and the widespread availability of data have enabled new business paradigms in urban logistics and transportation. Although optimization theories and algorithms are well-established, a persistent gap remains between these theoretical foundations and the practical skills required to formulate models and implement effective, data-driven solutions. This positioning paper aims to bridge this gap by introducing optimization modeling frameworks and solution methodologies tailored to urban logistics and transportation applications. The paper targets researchers, students, and practitioners in non-business disciplines such as civil engineering, industrial engineering, economics, and computer science. We present several widely used data-driven optimization paradigms, including deterministic optimization with sensitivity analysis, two-stage stochastic programming, integrated simulation-optimization, and Markov decision process, and discuss how mathematical programming, statistical methods, simulation, and machine learning can support decision making. We then provide a systematic classification of urban transportation applications based on key decision characteristics, such as whether decisions are static or dynamic, deterministic or stochastic, and whether they involve interactions among multiple decision makers. Building on this classification, we propose a practical roadmap to guide the selection and implementation of appropriate optimization approaches. Illustrative applications, demonstrate the relevance and versatility of the proposed frameworks.
“The world is dry, but I am fine” Self-perception of the human right to water and sanitation in trainee teachers

The water in Mexico does not meet the standards outlined by the United Nations General Assembly in the document “Human Right to Drinking Water and Sanitation” (HRWS). This pertains to potability, acceptability, sufficiency, accessibility, and affordability. An analysis was conducted on the public drinking water service and its impact on the socio-ecological well-being of students attending teacher training schools in Yucatán, Mexico. Online workshops were held using a competency-based methodology. Questionnaires were developed to gather information on the state of public drinking water and sewage services (n = 200) to evaluate participants’ experiences with public water management. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their understanding and perception of the HRWS (n = 200) and a self-assessment questionnaire (n = 200). Findings indicate that 84% acknowledged governance issues in access to water and its quality (questionnaires), while only 11% of students rated their HRWS as poor to very poor (self-assessment). This cognitive dissonance arises from the gap between knowledge about the water service and self-perception. It suggests that the system’s inadequacies have become normalized, affecting individuals’ willingness to engage in pro-environmental actions and behaviors. The students recognize a water crisis and believe that polluting practices must be addressed. They also feel that increasing public involvement in water management through awareness is essential. However, they do not see themselves as affected by the crisis or as agents of change through their future roles as teachers.
The Design and Implementation of Automated Deployment Pipelines for Amazon Web Services : GitOps practices in the context of CI/CD pipelines using GitLab and Infrastructure as Code

Integrationen av GitOps och Infrastructure som kod inom ramen för kontinuerlig integration och kontinuerlig leverans/deployment (CI/CD) pipelines representerar en betydande utmaning i programvaru- och infrastrukturdistribution, särskilt i offentliga molnmiljöer. Den här avhandlingen ger en omfattande analys och undersöker hur sådana integrationer i Amazon Web Services kan förbättra implementeringseffektiviteten, tillförlitligheten i leverans av programvara och infrastruktur och säkerhet samtidigt som man åtgärdar luckorna i de befintliga utvecklings- och driftrutinerna (DevOps). Problemet är att i offentliga molnplattformar resulterar komplexiteten i att distribuera infrastruktur med hjälp av automatiserade pipelines ofta i brist på versionskontroll, ineffektivitet eller kryphål i säkerheten. GitOps-koncept och Infrastructure as Code-principer har underlättat installationen för applikationer och infrastruktur, men det finns fortfarande utrymme för förbättringar när det gäller att förstå deras effekter när de kombineras med automatiserade pipelines. Denna lucka fördröjer optimeringen av bästa praxis i distributionsstrategier och den fulla potentialen av infrastrukturimplementeringsprocesser i det offentliga molnet, vilket gör det till ett viktigt område för akademisk forskning. Detta examensarbete använder ett systematiskt tillvägagångssätt och implementerar en kontrollerad GitOps-miljö med hjälp av GitLab och Amazon Web Services som integrerar GitOps-koncept och infrastruktur som kodprinciper med utveckling, säkerhet och drift (DevSecOps) praxis. Den här avhandlingen analyserar effekterna av GitOps och Infrastructure som kod på implementeringseffektivitet och tillförlitlighet genom automatiserade pipelines byggda på GitLab och ger bästa praxis för att förbättra effektivitet, tillförlitlighet och säkerhet. Dessa resultat ger betydande insikter för organisationer att förfina sina metoder för programvaruutveckling och infrastrukturinstallation. Dessutom förser denna avhandling praktiker med empiriska bevis för att vägleda antagandet av GitOps och Infrastructure som kod med automatiserade pipelines i mjukvaruutveckling och infrastrukturimplementeringsmetoder.
The Aftermath of Selected Social Media on the Mental Health of Selected Adolescents in Sharjah:

This research investigates the side effects of selected social media platforms on adolescents in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, through using hybrid methodology, combining quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews provides in-depth information from a purposive sample of adolescents aged 13 to 18 attending different schools in Sharjah. The quantitative part of the study measures social media usage, emotional reaction, and self-perception. Social media platforms Instagram, TikTok, Snapchat, and Facebook offer adolescents a wealth of social interaction, but their use generates certain expectations that need to be captured in qualitative interviews. This research measures the primary indicators of mental health that concern the general level of anxiety and depression experienced by the respondents, the disruption of sleep patterns, and the self-esteem of the respondents in relation to their online activities. Results indicate that the overwhelming majority of adolescents report feelings of social media-induced stress, sadness, and anxiety, particularly linked to Instagram and Snapchat as central in social value marking and plunging comparison. Over three-quarters of respondents reported comparing their social status with their peers online undermining their self-confidence and distorting their perception of themselves. Noting along with the risks, several participants acknowledged self-expression and social interaction to be favorable social media aspects. Having captured social media’s multifaceted impact, the study seeks to educate parents, social workers, and teachers and urges them to adopt media literacy frameworks and programs that enhance adolescent welfare in Sharjah and other regions.
A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Subdegree Scales from Two Years of polarbear Data

Abstract                We report an improved measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum with the Polarbear experiment at 150 GHz. By adding new data collected during the second season of observations (2013–2014) to re-analyzed data from the first season (2012–2013), we have reduced twofold the band-power uncertainties. The band powers are reported over angular multipoles                                                                  , where the dominant B-mode signal is expected to be due to the gravitational lensing of E-modes. We reject the null hypothesis of no B-mode polarization at a confidence of 3.1σ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We test the consistency of the measured B-modes with the Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) framework by fitting for a single lensing amplitude parameter A                                         L                    relative to the Planck 2015 best-fit model prediction. We obtain                                                                   ± 0.14(foreground) ± 0.04(multi), where                                                                   is the fiducial ΛCDM value.