ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
The Accessible India Campaign and Its Impact on Rights of Persons with Disabilities: A Study of the Right to Inclusion

This research article explores the disability rights in India, and their right to inclusion, shedding light on the arduous pursuit of full inclusion. It examines the dynamic path toward enabling persons with disabilities to assert their legitimate position in society through a tapestry of legislative frameworks, cultural paradigms, and revolutionary initiatives. The study highlights achievements while critically analyzing remaining gaps, revealing the complex relationship between constitutional promises and actual conditions on the ground. This academic journey, which embodies optimism and resiliency, emphasizes the necessity of creating an inclusive future where everyone may flourish and overcome obstacles with unflinching resolve. This insightful study examines through empirical research how the revolutionary effects of India’s Accessible India Campaign, a pioneering step toward integrating inclusion into society at large. It highlights how this admirable program supports the rights of people with disabilities, elevating their pursuit of dignity, independence, and equal participation via a careful analysis of policies and lived experiences. The study eloquently illustrates the fabric of advancement, stressing both recent successes and lingering obstacles in achieving the right to inclusion. As a ray of hope and transformation, the campaign ushers in a new era where each person’s special talents are valued, creating an India that is genuinely open and equal to everyone.
Crystal Structure Prediction Using Generative Adversarial Network with Data-Driven Latent Space Fusion Strategy

Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is an important field of material design. Herein, we propose a novel generative adversarial network model, guided by a data-driven approach and incorporating the real physical structure of crystals, to address the complexity of high-dimensional data and improve prediction accuracy in materials science. The model, termed GAN-DDLSF, introduces a novel sampling method called data-driven latent space fusion (DDLSF), which aims to optimize the latent space of generative adversarial networks (GANs) by combining the statistical properties of real data with a standard Gaussian distribution, effectively mitigating the "mode collapse" problem prevalent in GANs. Our approach introduces a more refined generation mechanism specifically for binary crystal structures such as gallium nitride (GaN). By optimizing for the specific crystallographic features of GaN while maintaining structural rationality, we achieve higher precision and efficiency in predicting and designing structures for this particular material system. The model generates 9321 GaN binary crystal structures, with 16.59% reaching a stable state and 24.21% found to be metastable. These results can significantly enhance the accuracy of crystal structure predictions and provide valuable insights into the potential of the GAN-DDLSF approach for the discovery and design of binary, ternary, and multinary materials, offering new perspectives and methods for materials science research and applications.
CODES and Quantum Computing: A Structured Resonance Approach to Quantum Coherence and Error Correction

Supersession Note — May 2026  This CODES-era work is an exploratory predecessor and is no longer the canonical statement of the author’s program. It has been superseded by the identity-persistence stack:  Universal Identity and Persistence:  https://zenodo.org/records/19904166  A Mathematical Theory of Identity Persistence:  https://zenodo.org/records/19967345  A Coding Theorem for Identity Persistence:  https://zenodo.org/records/19996467  Identity Persistence Calculus:  https://zenodo.org/records/19905404  The Bounded Corridor:  https://zenodo.org/records/19645631  The Unclosable Bridge:  https://zenodo.org/records/19601328  Claims in this record concerning replacement of probability, unrestricted universality, ontology, physics, intelligence, biology, governance, or reality should be read as developmental framing, not as the current formal claim.  The current claim is restricted to identity persistence under transformation within explicit admissibility constraints: recurrence comparability, admissible redescription, bounded drift, scalar or scalar-equivalent governance, finite identity capacity, and deterministic finite-regime coding/enforcement where applicable.
AI-GENERATED COMPOSITIONS IN MUSIC EDUCATION

With the introduction of the creative process into the sphere of music learning, the introduction of the Artificial Intelligence (AI) has changed the way of composing, analyzing, and learning. The compositions created by AI give educators and learners new tools that could be applied to generate creativity and composing, and their interpretation of the musical form. The paper explains how AI has been used more and more as a potent application in the field of music education because it has evolved into a neural network-based network, such as AIVA, Amper Music, and MuseNet. The research question examined in the paper with the assistance of a mixed-methods research incorporating surveys, interviews, and classroom activities is how the AI-assisted tools impact the engagement, creativity, and compositional abilities of students. The findings indicate that AI-generated music can help to enhance the appreciation of the compositional processes and experimentation and collaboration. Nevertheless, the study also finds obstacles, such as the presence of ethical issues relating to authorship, the possible excessive dependence on technology, and the necessity to establish a balance between intuition and algorithms. Case studies demonstrate effective educational applications, focusing on the use of teacher facilitation and curriculum integration to make AI pedagogical potential the most effective way to utilize it.
GAPS IN THE HD 169142 PROTOPLANETARY DISK REVEALED BY POLARIMETRIC IMAGING: SIGNS OF ONGOING PLANET FORMATION?

Accepted for publication in ApJ letters
A Catalog of Cool Dwarf Targets for the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite

We present a catalog of cool dwarf targets ($V-J>2.7$, $T_{\rm eff} \lesssim 4000 K$) and their stellar properties for the upcoming Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS), for the purpose of determining which cool dwarfs should be observed using two-minute observations. TESS has the opportunity to search tens of thousands of nearby, cool, late K and M-type dwarfs for transiting exoplanets, an order of magnitude more than current or previous transiting exoplanet surveys, such as {\it Kepler}, K2 and ground-based programs. This necessitates a new approach to choosing cool dwarf targets. Cool dwarfs were chosen by collating parallax and proper motion catalogs from the literature and subjecting them to a variety of selection criteria. We calculate stellar parameters and TESS magnitudes using the best possible relations from the literature while maintaining uniformity of methods for the sake of reproducibility. We estimate the expected planet yield from TESS observations using statistical results from the Kepler Mission, and use these results to choose the best targets for two-minute observations, optimizing for small planets for which masses can conceivably be measured using follow up Doppler spectroscopy by current and future Doppler spectrometers. The catalog is incorporated into the TESS Input Catalog and TESS Candidate Target List until a more complete and accurate cool dwarf catalog identified by ESA's Gaia Mission can be incorporated.
Studying quality of life in PAH: Patient-reported outcome assessment and psychosocial evaluation in a 6 months follow-up

PAH is a rare and life-threatening disease, affecting preferentially young subjects. Very few data are available on quality of life and psychosocial characteristics in PAH.                                        Aim:                     In non worsening patient's disease, we investigated associations between hemodynamic, functional parameters and QoL evolution, variability of QoL parameters over severity class changes and follow-up, and psychosocial factors.                                                           Methods:                     Consecutive prevalent and incident outpatients aged between 18 and 80 years were recruited. SF-36 was filled at baseline, after 3 and 6 months of follow-up. Anxiety and depression were appreciated at entry (HAD and STAI-Y). Patients were assessed for NYHA functional class and performed 6-minute walk test (6MWT).                                                           Results:                     55 patients were enrolled, 44 stable, 12 men and 32 women, (75% with idiopathic PAH; mean age, 58.2 years ± 14.9; 6MWT, 400.52 m ± 132.7). At entry, profound deficiency in physical and mental composite QoL scores was reported as compared to patients with cancer or cardiac insufficiency. 47.7% had depressive symptoms. Anxiety was more prevalent in patients with PAH than in either patient with cancer or on the eve of surgical intervention (p&lt;0.001). Men were significantly more anxious than women. At V1 and V2, SF-36 fluctuated overtime irrespectively of 6 MWT and NYHA trends.                                                           Conclusions and perspectives:                     This study showed that most patients with PAH reported items likely gathered under the term "quality of survival" rather than quality of life. Anxiety and depression were frequent and overtook other severe diseases. Ongoing longitudinal follow-up will properly investigate to which extent psychosocial factors might affect QoL in PAH.
Rule of Law and Judicial Independence in the Light of CJEU and ECtHR Case Law

Judicial independence is a cornerstone of the rule of law. This notion is gaining relevance as a result of the judiciary reforms implemented in many non-liberal democracies. Both the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have often addressed judicial independence. However, only recently have they tied judicial independence with the rule of law. The CJEU has moved from a specific vision tied to the EU notion of national court or tribunal to a constitutional dimension whereby, through a creative interpretation of the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, considers that the principle of judicial independence is inherent to this provision. As for the ECtHR, some individual complaints arising from measures adopted by states signatories of the ECHR where there are systemic deficiencies in the rule of law related to judicial independence have resulted in interesting decisions. Nevertheless, the ECtHR’s individual right-oriented approach, and the fact that judicial review is implemented by means of individual complaints, narrow the ECtHR’s scope of action to tackle potential systemic risks entailed by the violations of judicial independence. In any case, the protection of judicial independence as an inherent element of the rule of law should not be dealt with in comparative terms, but rather in terms of cooperation. To this date, the contributions of both courts have proven the importance of the judicial dimension to counter the threats to the independence of the judiciary.
DECENTRALIZED FINANCE (DEFI) PROTOCOLS AND EMERGING ACCOUNTING CHALLENGES

The rapid expansion of Decentralized Finance (DeFi), characterized by its reliance on smart contracts, tokenization, and automated markets, presents a formidable challenge to traditional accounting frameworks. This paper frames DeFi's disruptive potential for conventional finance by highlighting its departure from centralized intermediaries and conventional custody models. It introduces key accounting issues, specifically focusing on the complexities of revenue recognition, asset measurement (including fair value considerations), and comprehensive disclosure in a decentralized ecosystem. Our methodology involves a critical literature analysis, drawing insights from existing accounting standards (IFRS and US GAAP), academic research, and official documentation from prominent DeFi protocols. We employ a logical framework development to synthesize these findings, complemented by illustrative case studies of Uniswap V3, Aave, and MakerDAO. The main insights reveal significant gaps in current guidance, leading to inconsistencies and ambiguities in financial reporting. We propose logical, literature-driven approaches for addressing these challenges, offering recommendations for standard-setters to foster greater clarity and comparability in DeFi accounting.
Suelo-paisaje-erosión. Erosión por cárcavas y barrancos en el Alt Penedès - Anoia (Catalunya). Un enfoque de estudio mediante tecnologías de la información espacial: bases de datos, Sistemas de Información Geográfica y teledetección = Soil-landscape-erosion. Gully erosion in the Alt Penedès - Anoia (Catalonia) : a spatial information technology approach: spatial databases, Geographical Information Systems and remote sensing

La presente investigación supone una contribución al desarrollo de metodologías queamplíen la aplicabilidad de los sistemas de información geográfica (SIG), la teledeteccióny las bases de datos al análisis del territorio. En concreto, la investigación se centra en elanálisis de las relaciones suelo-paisaje, de las propiedades de los suelos y de los procesosde erosión hídrica, particularmente los procesos de erosión por cárcavas y barrancos. Lainvestigación se desarrolla en las comarcas de l'Alt Penedès y l'Anoia (Cataluña), un áreadonde la viña para producción de vinos de alta calidad y cavas es el principal cultivo, perodonde la forma actual de los usos y manejo del suelo, con escasas medidas deconservación, condiciona la sostenibilidad futura de los presentes usos agrícolas.Uno de los resultados principales de la investigación es el sistema de información de suelos(SIS), desarrollado a una escala semidetallada a nivel de toda el área de estudio. Este SISha permitido analizar la distribución espacial de los principales tipos de suelo, suspropiedades y su comportamiento frente a la acción de los procesos erosivos y actuacionesantrópicas. También, constituye la estructura sobre la cual poder desarrollar bases de datosespaciales de suelos más detalladas.Otra de las aportaciones es el conjunto de metodologías, basadas en el análisismultitemporal de fotografías aéreas y de modelos digitales de elevaciones (MDE), en laclasificación multiespectral de imágenes de satélite y en operaciones de análisis espacialmediante SIG, conducentes al análisis de procesos de erosión por cárcavas y barrancos. Laaplicación de estas metodologías al área del Alt Penedès - Anoia ha permitido confirmar laimportante influencia de la acción antrópica en la aceleración de los procesos de erosiónactual, que se ve reflejada principalmente en:a) las propiedades de los suelos, con la puesta en superficie de materiales dehorizontes subyacentes ricos en carbonato calcico, calcilutitas o areniscas,b) el análisis morfométrico y morfográfico de las geoformas, que muestra unmodelado del paisaje con vertientes complejas y barrancos, y una alta densidad decárcavas,c) el análisis de las tasas de erosión por cárcavas y barrancos, que han sidoparticularmente elevadas a partir de la deforestación generalizada con roturación detierras para la plantación de viña a partir del siglo XVI, y sobre todo a partir de lamecanización de los cultivos.La investigación realizada confirma la importancia de combinar técnicas de campo ylaboratorio con las técnicas de teledetección para la adquisición de datos y conocimientode los procesos de erosión, y con las técnicas de SIG con fines de modelización.
Magnetic-Field Induced Gap in One-Dimensional Antiferromagnet KCuGaF$_6$

Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements in magnetic fields were performed on an $S=1/2$ one-dimensional antiferromagnet KCuGaF$_6$. Exchange interaction was evaluated as $J/k_{\rm B}\simeq 100$ K. However, no magnetic ordering was observed down to 0.46 K. It was found that an applied magnetic field induces a staggered magnetic susceptibility obeying the Curie law and an excitation gap, both of which should be attributed to the antisymmetric interaction of the Dzyaloshinsky-Moriya type and/or the staggered $g$-tensor. With increasing magnetic field $H$, the gap increases almost in proportion to $H^{2/3}$.
One Health Approach to Rickettsiosis: A Five-Year Study on Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Collected from Humans, Animals and Environment

The spotted fever group of Rickettsiae is a heterogeneous group of Rickettsiae transmitted by ticks, causing similar diseases in humans (spotted fever). Until recently, it was supposed that a single pathogenic tick-borne SFG Rickettsia circulated in each different geographic area and that R. conorii subsp. conorii was the SFG Rickettsiae circulating in Italy, but in the last decade, thanks to molecular diagnostic, several different Rickettsia species, previously not considered pathogenic for decades, have been isolated from ticks and definitively associated to human disease, also in Italy. The present survey was carried out with the aim of investigating the presence of different SFG Rickettsia species in a geographic area where no information was available. Ticks collected from animals submitted to necropsy, removed from humans in local hospitals and collected from the environment were identified and tested by PCR for Rickettsia spp. based on the gltA gene, and positive PCR products were sequenced. A total of 3286 ticks were collected. Fifteen tick species were recognized, the most represented (79.52%) species in the collection was Ixodes ricinus, followed by Rhipicephalus sanguineus (9.13%). The overall prevalence of Rickettsia infection was 7.58%. Eight species of Rickettsia were identified, the most frequent was R. monacensis (56%), followed by R. helvetica (25.50%). Noteworthy, is the detection in the present study of Rrhipicephali, detected only twice in Italy. These are the first data available on SFG Rickettsiae circulation in the study area and they can be considered as starting point to assess the possible risk for humans.
How will Autonomous Vehicle technologies affect driver liability and overall insurance?

Presents a collection of slides covering the following topics: autonomous vehicle technologies; driver liability; insurance; UK autodrive; advanced driver aids; driverless cars; risk pricing; and cost-benefit analysis.
Conditional path sampling for stochastic differential equations through drift relaxation

We present an algorithm for the efficient sampling of conditional paths of stochastic differential equations (SDEs). While unconditional path sampling of SDEs is straightforward, albeit expensive for high dimensional systems of SDEs, conditional path sampling can be difficult even for low dimensional systems. This is because we need to produce sample paths of the SDE that respect both the dynamics of the SDE and the initial and endpoint conditions. The dynamics of a SDE are governed by the deterministic term (drift) and the stochastic term (noise). Instead of producing conditional paths directly from the original SDE, one can consider a sequence of SDEs with modified drifts. The modified drifts should be chosen so that it is easier to produce sample paths that satisfy the initial and endpoint conditions. Also, the sequence of modified drifts should converge to the drift of the original SDE. We construct a simple Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm that samples, in sequence, conditional paths from the modified SDEs, by taking the last sampled path at each level of the sequence as an initial condition for the sampling at the next level in the sequence. The algorithm can be thought of as a stochastic analog of deterministic homotopy methods for solving nonlinear algebraic equations or as a SDE generalization of simulated annealing. The algorithm is particularly suited for filtering/smoothing applications. We show how it can be used to improve the performance of particle filters. Numerical results for filtering of a stochastic differential equation are included.
Determining When Conduct in Cyberspace Constitutes Cyber Warfare in Terms of the International Law and Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare: A Synopsis

Article 2(4) of the UN Charter provides that nation-states will refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state. It is doubtful whether it will deter states from waging war in cyberspace. Cyber warfare is a perplexing and contentious issue within the ambit of international law. Discussions have focused on whether the existing rules and principles may be extended to cyberspace or whether new treaty law on cyber warfare must be drafted. Against this background the International Group of Experts drafted the Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare at the invitation of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defense Centre of Excellence. The Tallinn Manual provides rules in respect of cyber warfare. In the absence of a multilateral treaty it may be asked whether the Tallinn Manual will achieve acceptance on a global level as rules governing cyber warfare.
Chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation in yeast

Abstract                   Although the genetic information of each cell in a yeast colony is identical, the transcriptional patterns of individual cells within that colony may be very different. These variable, or epigenetic, transcriptional patterns arise at least in part from local differences in chromatin structure. The focus of this chapter is a discussion of how chromatin structure contributes to epigenetic transcriptional states. We begin with a brief description of how chromatin structure contributes to transcriptional regulation in multicellular eukaryotes, particularly the form of regulation known as position effect variegation (a topic considered in depth in Chapter 8). We then move on to consider in greater detail the role of chromatin structure in position effect transcriptional regulation in yeast.
Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions

Any substance of fixed chemical composition, water H2O, for example, can exist in homogeneous forms whose properties can be distinguished, called states. Water exists as a gas, a liquid, or a solid, ice. These three states of matter (solid, liquid, and gas) differ in density, heat capacity, etc. The optical and mechanical properties of a liquid and a solid are also very different. By applying high pressures to a sample of ice (several kilobars), several varieties of ice corresponding to distinct crystalline forms can be obtained (Fig. 1.1). In general, for the same solid or liquid substance, several distinct arrangements of the atoms, molecules, or particles associated with them can be observed and will correspond to different properties of the solid or liquid, constituting phases. There are thus several phases of ice corresponding to distinct crystalline and amorphous varieties of solid water. Either an isotropic phase or a liquid crystal phase can be obtained for some liquids, they can be distinguished by their optical properties and differ in the orientation of their molecules (Fig. 1.2). Experiments thus demonstrate phase transitions or changes of state. For example: a substance passes from the liquid state to the solid state (solidification); the molecular arrangements in a crystal are modified by application of pressure and it passes from one crystalline phase to another. Phase transitions are physical events that have been known for a very long time. They are encountered in nature (for example, condensation of drops of water in clouds) or daily life; they are also used in numerous technical systems or industrial processes; evaporation of water in the steam generator of a nuclear power plant is the physical process for activating the turbines in electric generators, and melting and then solidification of metals are important stages of metallurgical operations, etc.