ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Opinion Dynamics in Social (Media) Networks : Theorizing Procedural Influences on Technologically Enabled Opinion Formation and Diffusion in Social Networks

Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit dem kausalen Einfluss von Social-Media-Plattformen auf Prozesse der Meinungsbildung und –verbreitung unter den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern dieser Plattformen. Im Fokus stehen Social-Media-Netzwerke, also Plattformen, die im Wesentlichen darauf ausgerichtet sind, den Nutzenden Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung und Verbreitung von digitalen Inhalten zu bieten und darüber hinaus Interaktionen zwischen ihnen zu begünstigen.  Das Explanandum der Arbeit stellen die auf Social-Media-Plattformen zu beobachtenden Meinungsdynamiken ("Opinion Dynamics") dar. Diese beinhalten sowohl Prozesse der Meinungsbildung ("Opinion Formation") als auch der Meinungsverbreitung ("Opinion Diffusion") unter den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern der Plattformen. Den empirischen Kontext der Arbeit bildet der Einsatz von Social-Media-Plattformen als Kriseninformationssysteme. Ereignisse wie Waldbrände, Hochwasser, Erdbeben oder auch terroristische Anschläge stellen die von ihnen betroffenen Organisationen vor enorme Herausforderungen. Plattformen wie Facebook und Twitter kommen dabei seit einigen Jahren verstärkt zum Einsatz, um etwa Warnmeldungen und andere Informationen effizient zu verbreiten, Unterstützung für Betroffene zu organisieren und emotionale Verbundenheit herzustellen. Die Interaktionen zwischen den Nutzerinnen und Nutzern der Plattformen können dabei spezifische soziale Dynamiken in Gang setzen. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die Verbreitung von Gerüchten: Während oder kurz nach einem Krisenereignis sind aktuelle und offiziell bestätigte Informationen oft rar. Wenn direkt oder indirekt Betroffene oder auch Vertreterinnen und Vertreter der Medien und die breitere Öffentlichkeit angesichts der Informationsknappheit auf Social-Media-Plattformen zurückgreifen, um Informationen zu suchen oder mit anderen zu teilen, können auch unbestätigte Informationen und Falschmeldungen ein großes Publikum erreichen.
Effective depression detection and interpretation: Integrating machine learning, deep learning, language models, and explainable AI

Depression is an increasingly prevalent issue, particularly among young people, significantly impacting their well-being and causing persistent distress. Early detection is crucial to address this growing concern. This study utilizes various machine learning, deep learning, and language models to detect depression among Bangladeshi university students. To address data imbalance in the employed dataset, resampling techniques such as SMOTE and Cluster Centroids are applied. Additionally, exhaustive hyperparameter optimization is performed to enhance classification performance. Our results indicate that machine learning algorithms, particularly Random Forest, effectively predict depression with an accuracy of 91.1% and an F1-score of 91.6%. Language models like RoBERTa also achieve strong results, with a recall score of 98.6%. Moreover, explainable AI (XAI) methods, including SHAP and LIME, are employed to interpret model predictions, underscoring the importance of transparency in machine learning. This work contributes to the early identification of depression by integrating machine learning, deep learning, natural language processing, and XAI techniques. While this study focuses on Bangladeshi or similar demographic groups, the proposed approaches are adaptable and can be applied to other populations for generalization.
Country-related risk of chemicals producers-exporters when entering partners’ markets: analysis, assessment, management

Управление рисками экспортной деятельности является актуальной проблемой в современных условиях трансформации мировых систем хозяйствования. В статье отражен подход к анализу, оценке и управлению страновым риском такой деятельности химических предприятий при реализации своей продукции на партнерские рынки. Для анализа и оценки страновых рисков взяты данные по странам-членам БРИКС. С использованием регрессионного анализа оценено влияние на показатель экспорта химической продукции общего экспорта, индексов качества государственного управления и легкости ведения бизнеса (прямое влияние), индекса странового риска и человеческого капитала (обратное влияние). Таким образом, подтверждено влияние политического и финансово-экономического внешних рисков, что позволило сформулировать общие рекомендации по их нивелированию на примере двух стран-членов БРИКС – России и Китая.                                                                                             Risk management in exports is a topical problem under the transformation of world  economic systems. We describe the approach to the analysis, assessment and management of country-related risks concerning the work of chemical companies when selling their products to partners’ markets. To analyze and assess country-related risks we use the data of BRICS countries. Relying on regression analysis we assess the impact of total export, the indices of state  administration quality and ease of doing business (direct influence), the index of country-related risk and human capital (reverse influence). Thus, we confirm the impact of political and financial-economic external risks, which resulted in general guidelines to level them off by the example of Russia and China, two members of BRICS.
Differentiated mental health patterns in pregnancy during COVID-19 first two waves in Sweden: a mixed methods study using digital phenotyping

AbstractTo utilize modern tools to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, wellbeing and life conditions in pregnant women during the first two waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden. Pregnant women (n = 1577) were recruited through the mobile application Mom2B. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and wellbeing were assessed during January 2020–February 2021. Movement data was collected using the phone’s sensor. Data on Google search volumes for “Corona” and Covid-related deaths were obtained. Qualitative analysis of free text responses regarding maternity care was performed. Two peaks were seen for depressive symptoms, corresponding to the two waves. Higher prevalence of anxiety was only noted during the first wave. A moderating effect of the two waves in the association of depression, anxiety, and well-being with Covid deaths was noted; positive associations during the first wave and attenuated or became negative during the second wave. Throughout, women reported on cancelled healthcare appointments and worry about partners not being allowed in hospital. The association of mental health outcomes with relevant covariates may vary during the different phases in a pandemic, possibly due to adaptation strategies on a personal and societal/healthcare level. Digital phenotyping can help healthcare providers and governmental bodies to in real time monitor high-risk groups during crises, and to adjust the support offered.
P1-06-15: A Genomic Predictor Developed from Breast Cancer Cell Lines Predicts Both Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide: A Collaborative Project of the NSABP and Precision Therapeutics.

Abstract                Background: A cell line-derived multigene predictor of tumor response to doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide (MGP-AC) has been shown to predict the pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol B-27. However, a cell line-derived MPG for doxorubicin + cyclophosphamide + docetaxel (MGP-ACT) was not predictive in patients from B-27. The purpose of this study was to further assess the performance of these predictors on disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in the same patient populations.                Methods: NSABP B-27 was a 3-arm trial of 2411 early-stage breast cancer patients randomized to receive 4 cycles of preoperative doxorubicin+cyclophosphamide (AC) or 4 cycles of AC followed by 4 cycles of docetaxel either pre-op (AC+T) or post-op (AC→T). MGPs for AC and ACT were developed based on the in vitro assay and microarray genomic profiles of 40 breast cancer cell lines. A higher MGP score indicates lower chemoresponse sensitivity.                Results: 322 patients with available microarray data were included for this analysis (103 treated with AC, 102 with AC+T, and 117 with AC→T). For patients treated with AC, a higher MGP-AC score was significantly associated with increased risk of disease progression (standardized hazard ratio [HR] [SD set to 1]=1.48, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.02−2.15, p=0.043) or death (standardized HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.06−2.62, p=0.028) after adjusting for clinical covariates (ER status, clinical tumor size, lymph node status, and age). The addition of MGP-AC to the clinical model improves the accuracy in predicting five-year DFS: the area under the ROC curve improved from 63% to 72%. For patients treated with AC+T or AC→T, MGP-ACT was not predictive of either DFS (standardized HR=1.03, 95% CI=0.78−1.37, p=0.818) or OS (standardized HR=1.05, 95% CI=0.73−1.51, p=0.8).                Conclusions: A cell line-derived MGP for AC that was predictive of pCR was also predictive of DFS and OS in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant AC. The MGP for ACT, which was not predictive for pCR, was not predictive of either DFS or OS in patients who received docetaxel after AC.                The B-27 study was funded by NCI PHS grants U10-CA-37377, U10-CA-69974, U10-CA-12027, U10-CA-69651, and U24-CA-114732, and received additional support from sanofi-aventis.                Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-06-15.
Sexual and reproductive health and rights of Ashaninka women of the Ene River

The epidemic profile in our country shows a series of problems that affect mainly the health of women and that in most cases is a consequence of gender inequity and poverty. This together with a loss of their right to their sexuality, through control mechanisms and exercise of power which constrain their right to improve their quality of life and human development. Moreover, health policy makers do not respond to the necessities, problems and demands coming from the most remote and multicultural settlements. Therefore, its is necessary to know this people's reality before devising solutions by means of educational programs, the invigoration of sexual and reproductive rights of both women and men, as well as promoting the participation of health service professionals, from a gender perspective.
Continuous-time quantum error correction

Continuous-time quantum error correction (CTQEC) is an approach to protecting quantum information from noise in which both the noise and the error correcting operations are treated as processes that are continuous in time. This chapter investigates CTQEC based on continuous weak measurements and feedback from the point of view of the subsystem principle, which states that protected quantum information is contained in a subsystem of the Hilbert space. We study how to approach the problem of constructing CTQEC protocols by looking at the evolution of the state of the system in an encoded basis in which the subsystem containing the protected information is explicit. This point of view allows us to reduce the problem to that of protecting a known state, and to design CTQEC procedures from protocols for the protection of a single qubit. We show how previously studied CTQEC schemes with both direct and indirect feedback can be obtained from strategies for the protection of a single qubit via weak measurements and weak unitary operations. We also review results on the performance of CTQEC with direct feedback in cases of Markovian and non-Markovian decoherence, where we have shown that due to the existence of a Zeno regime in non-Markovian dynamics, the performance of CTQEC can exhibit a quadratic improvement if the time resolution of the weak error-correcting operations is high enough to reveal the non-Markovian character of the noise process.
Accounting for Individual-Specific Reliability of Self-Assessed Measures of Economic Preferences and Personality Traits

Accounting For Individual-Specific Reliability of Self-Assessed Measures of Economic Preferences and Personality Traits*Measures based on self-assessments, which are increasingly important in empirical economic research, are plagued by measurement error. This paper presents the first attempt at measuring both revealed and self-reported reliability of individuals’ answers on selfreports of latent characteristics. We show that measurement error on self-reports relevant to economists is heterogeneous across individuals and can be reasonably approximated by a distribution with two unobserved types. We propose a straightforward survey question which allows to distinguish individuals who give highly reliable answers from those who do not, using cross-sectional data. We demonstrate that it predicts revealed individual reliability over and above all measured characterises, survey conditions, and experimental treatments. We show how our simple self-reported reliability measure can be used to cost-effectively reduce attenuation bias in estimates of cognitive and non-cognitive determinants of high school GPA, college graduation, unemployment, and life satisfaction. Without requiring panel data, the achieved correction is similar to some of the most effective reduced-form theory-based approaches in the existing literature. Finally, we clarify the role of effort and self-knowledge in generating measurement error and propose a simple model which rationalizes our findings.
A public void catalog from the SDSS DR7 Galaxy Redshift Surveys based on the watershed transform

We produce the most comprehensive public void catalog to date using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 main sample out to redshift z=0.2 and the luminous red galaxy sample out to z=0.44. Using a modified version of the parameter-free void finder ZOBOV, we fully take into account the presence of the survey boundary and masks. Our strategy for finding voids is thus appropriate for any survey configuration. We produce two distinct catalogs: a complete catalog including voids near any masks, which would be appropriate for void galaxy surveys, and a bias-free catalog of voids away from any masks, which is necessary for analyses that require a fair sampling of void shapes and alignments. Our discovered voids have effective radii from 5 to 135 h^-1 Mpc. We discuss basic catalog statistics such as number counts and redshift distributions and describe some additional data products derived from our catalog, such as radial density profiles and projected density maps. We find that radial profiles of stacked voids show a qualitatively similar behavior across nearly two decades of void radii and throughout the full redshift range.
Performance evaluation of parallel delay-and-sum algorithm based on SuperVessel high-performance cloud computing

Delay-and-sum algorithm is a widespread algorithm used in various typical applications, such as medical ultrasound imaging, radar signal emission and reception, antenna directional signal formation, and so on. It is not a typical computationally demanding algorithm, but under new circumstance, for example medical imaging cloud service, its calculation speed should be increased so as to meet the cloud network data communication speed requirements. The conventional cloud infrastructures using central processing units as prime computing resources are not adequate for the fast image formation process. Therefore, SuperVessel cloud with heterogeneous field-programmable gate arrays as accelerators was used as the implementation platform for the parallel delay-and-sum algorithm in this paper. The computing speed of the high-performance SuperVessel heterogeneous implementation is 30 times faster than the computing speed of the algorithm implementation on a central processing unit, including the data transfer time between the central processing unit and the field-programmable gate array.
From LIGO to Fiber- Compact Sagnac Interferometer for Gravitational-Wave Detection

Gravitational wave detection has transformed astrophysics, granting us direct access to black hole mergers, neutron star collisions, and the cataclysms of stellar death. Yet the great observatories of today, LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA, and the planned Einstein Telescope, rest on Michelson interferometers that, despite their triumphs, confront fundamental barriers of scale, cost, and environmental vulnerability. We envision a new path, a Sagnac-based fiber interferometer that leverages reciprocity and inherent robustness. Its meter-scale, modular design compact enough to fit within a small facility, offers dramatic gains in scalability and affordability over kilometer scale Michelson systems. Tunable to frequency bands where conventional detectors lose sensitivity, it opens the door to compact, versatile, and accessible GW observatories, empowering universities and research centers worldwide. Linked together in a global network, such facilities could transcend mere detection, they could localize cosmic sources and reconstruct them into images, much as black holes were first directly revealed, ushering in a new era of gravitational-wave astronomy and multi-messenger discovery.
An Algorithm for Obtaining Simplified Prime Implicant Sets in Fault-Tree and Event-Tree Analysis

Summary: Some fault trees or event trees use NOT logic in expressing an accident sequence. The number of prime implicant sets (PIS), a generalization of a minimal cut set and includes logical NOT as well as AND and OR, is apt to exceed general computer capacity. In order to deal with this problem, this paper assumes that component failure probability is far smaller than component success probability. Three steps are developed to delete certain sets of basic events from the fault tree of an accident sequence so as to obtain upper side approximate probability calculations and this with the number of PISs enumerated reduced to a practical level in most cases. Asymptotic convergence is proved and numerical examples are provided.
A Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Structural Phase Transition in Helical Polymer Crystals

The structural phase transition in helical polymer crystal is investigated from a statistical-mechanical point of view. Starting from an effective Hamiltonian per chain molecule, the self-consistent equation is obtained in a mean field approximation. On the basis of this equation, some types of possible phase transitions are investigated. The pressure-dependence of the transition point is also considered. As an application of the theory, the structural phase transition in polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) crystal is qualitatively discussed.
Advancing Protection for the Rights of Women and Children in Mali: the Ruling of the African Court of Human and Peoples' Rights against the provisions of the Family Code

The present paper aims at highlighting the main contents and features of the decision Association pour le Prog rès et la Défense des Droits des Femmes Maliennes et al v. Republic of Mali of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The two NGOs asked the Court on the basis of the non-compliance of the Family Code with international human rights standards, requesting the Court for eliminating those provisions which created prejudice towards women and children. The alleged violation concerned the establishment of the minimum age for girls’ marriage at 16, the right to consent to marriage, the right to inheritance for women and children born out of wedlock and the continuation of practices or traditions harmful towards women and children.
Signposts of planet formation in protoplanetary disks

White paper identifier W005
The protection of the political rights of minorities in the ACHR. An analysis of the Norin Catrimán case and the right to political participation in the State of Chile

The case Norín Catrimán et al. (leaders, members and activist of the Mapuche indigenous people) v. Chile, judgment of 29 May 2014, concerns criminal proceedings involving traditional authorities or members of the Mapuche indigenous people, and activists working to defend the rights of this people. Criminal proceedings were brought against them for events that occurred in 2001 and 2002 as a result of which they were convicted as perpetrators of offenses that were categorized as terrorism. In Norín Catrimán, the IACtHR holds Chile internationally responsible for several violations of the ACHR, as the violation of political rights as enshrined in Art. 23. The IACtHR considered that, in the given circumstances, the imposition of ancillary penalties, which affected the right to vote, direct participation in public affairs, and access to public office, of an absolute and perpetual nature or for a fixed but prolonged term (15 years), was contrary to the principle of proportionality of the punishment and amounted to a serious impairment of political rights. In the remedial measures, a crucial role is played by the adoption of all the administrative, judicial, or any other type of measures required to overturn all aspects of the criminal judgments. These measures were recently adopted by the Chilean judicial authorities.
Three-dimensional Modeling of the Solar Wind and Local Interstellar Medium Interaction with Pickup Ions in the Presence of Heliospheric Current Sheet

Abstract                Our three-dimensional, time-dependent, multi-fluid model has been used to investigate the solar wind (SW)–local interstellar medium (LISM) interaction with pickup ions (PUIs) treated as a separate fluid. A non-zero, but fixed, angle between the Sun’s magnetic and rotation axis is adopted. The flow of the plasma mixture (thermal SW protons, PUIs, and electrons), is described by the system of ideal magnetohydrodynamic equations with the source terms responsible for charge exchange between ions and neutral atoms. Different populations of neutral atoms are governed by the individual sets of the Euler equations. As the standard Rankine–Hugoniot relations are not appropriate to describe the anisotropic behavior of PUIs at the termination shock, we use a kinetically-derived set of boundary conditions at it. We extend our previous work [1] and perform these new simulations on a Cartesian grid. This approach allows us to maintain a uniform grid resolution in all directions, without compromising resolution, at large distances from the Sun. The possibility of transition of the SW flow to a stochastic regime in the region between the termination shock and heliopause is further investigated.