ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Korean Clinical Imaging Guidelines: A Mobile App-Based Decision Support System

The aims of this study were to develop a mobile app-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) for implementation of Korean clinical imaging guidelines (K-CIGs) and to assess future developments therein.K-CIGs were implemented in the form of a web-based application (http://cdss.or.kr/). The app containing K-CIGs consists of 53 information databases, including 10 medical subspecialties and 119 guidelines, developed by the Korean Society of Radiology (KSR) between 2015 and 2017. An email survey consisting of 18 questions on the implementation of K-CIGs and the mobile app-based CDSS was distributed to 43 members of the guideline working group (expert members of the KSR and Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology) and 23 members of the consultant group (clinical experts belonging to related medical societies) to gauge opinion on the future developmental direction of K-CIGs.The web-based mobile app can be downloaded from the Google Play Store. Detailed information on the grade of recommendation, evidence level, and radiation dose for each imaging modality in the K-CIGs can be accessed via the home page and side menus. In total, 32 of the 66 experts contacted completed the survey (response rate, 45%). Twenty-four of the 32 respondents were from the working group and eight were from the consulting group. Most (93.8%) of the respondents agreed on the need for ongoing development and implementation of K-CIGs.This study describes the mobile app-based CDSS designed for implementation of K-CIGs in Korea. The results will allow physicians to have easy access to the K-CIGs and encourage appropriate use of imaging modalities.
Integrating Personalized Genomic Medicine Into Routine Clinical Care: Addressing the Social and Policy Issues of Pharmacogenomic Testing

The provision of personalized genomic medicine presents significant policy challenges, such as ensuring equitable patient access to testing, preparing clinicians to manage genomic results, justifying test reimbursement, sharing genomic information for patient care, and protecting patients against misuse of genetic information.
Presenteeism Among Nurses in Switzerland and Portugal and Its Impact on Patient Safety and Quality of Care: Protocol for a Qualitative Study

Background                     Nurses dispense direct care in a wide variety of settings and are considered the backbone of the health care system. They often work long hours, face emotional stress, and are at a high risk of psychosocial and somatic illnesses. Nurses sometimes fall sick but work regardless, leading to presenteeism and subsequent risks to quality of care and patient safety due to the increased likelihood of patients falling, medication errors, and staff-to-patient disease transmission.                                                           Objective                     This study aims to understand presenteeism among frontline nurses and nurse managers in acute, primary, and long-term health care settings and to contribute to the development of future interventional studies and recommendations.                                                           Methods                     A qualitative study based on online focus group discussions will explore the perceptions of, attitudes to, and experiences with presenteeism among frontline nurses and nurse managers. Using a pilot-tested interview guide, 8 focus group discussions will involve nurses working in acute care hospitals, primary care settings, and long-term residential care facilities in Switzerland’s French-speaking region and Portugal’s Center region. The data collected will be examined using a content analysis approach via NVivo 12 QSR International software.                                                           Results                     The University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland’s School of Health Sciences and the Polytechnic of Leiria’s School of Health Sciences in Portugal have both approved funding for the study. The research protocol has been approved by ethics committees in both countries. Study recruitment commenced in February 2021. The results of the data analysis are expected by September 2021.                                                           Conclusions                     This present study aims to gain more insight into the dilemmas facing nurses as a result of all causes of presenteeism among frontline nurses and nurse managers in different health care settings. The researchers will prepare manuscripts on the study’s findings, publish them in relevant peer-reviewed journals, exhibit them in poster presentations, and give oral presentations at appropriate academic and nonscientific conferences. Regarding further knowledge transfer, researchers will engage with stakeholders to craft messages focused on the needs of nurses and nurse managers and on disseminating our research findings to deal with the issue of nursing presenteeism.                                                           International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)                     PRR1-10.2196/27963
Problems and Countermeasures in the Development of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC): A Case of China

Against the backdrop of the global digital currency revolution, China’s central bank digital currency has had a profound impact globally and has shown great momentum in participating in international competition. However, there are still unresolved challenges which this article discusses. The article first outlines the simple development of central bank digital currency and presents three major issues: information technology risks, user proficiency and acceptance, and competition from mainstream payment systems. It further proposes countermeasures and analyses to provide a clear direction for the identified problems. Research shows that technological bottlenecks, user acceptance, and obstacles from payment systems are indeed the most urgent issues facing the digital yuan, and the proposed countermeasures facilitate the resolution of these core problems. This article provides ideas for optimizing and improving the development path of central bank digital currency, helping both domestic and international efforts to enhance the stability and popularity of digital currencies. It also offers insights and references for other scholars studying central bank digital currency, contributing to the healthy development of global digital currencies.
Machine Learning Methodology in Bioinformatics

Machine learning plays a central role in the interpretation of many datasets generated within the biomedical sciences. In this chapter we focus on two core topics within machine learning, supervised and unsupervised learning, and illustrate their application to interpreting these datasets. For supervised learning, we focus on support vector machines (SVMs), which is a subtopic of kernel-based learning. Kernels can be used to encode many different types of data, from continuous and discrete data through to graph and sequence data. Given the different types of data encountered within bioinformatics, they are therefore a method of choice within this context. With unsupervised learning we are interested in the discovery of structure within data. We start by considering hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), given its common usage in this context. We then point out the advantages of Bayesian approaches to unsupervised learning, such as a principled approach to model selection (how many clusters are present in the data) through to confidence measures for assignment of datapoints to clusters. We outline five case studies illustrating these methods. For supervised learning we consider prediction of disease progression in cancer and protein fold prediction. For unsupervised learning we apply HCA to a small colon cancer dataset and then illustrate the use of Bayesian unsupervised learning applied to breast and lung cancer datasets. Finally we consider network inference, which can be approached as an unsupervised or supervised learning task depending on the data available.
Personality Alignment of Large Language Models

Acecpt in ICLR 2025
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Control a Gram-negative Sepsis Outbreak in a Resource-limited Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety and a Modified Donabedian Framework

Introduction:                     Each year, 2.6 million newborns die globally, making up 46% of mortality in children younger than 5 years. Most of these deaths (96%) occur in low- and middle-income countries, with India accounting for approximately 25% of global neonatal mortality. Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units across low- and middle-income countries, with incidence rates ranging from 15.2 to 62.0 per 1,000 patient-days. A simplified and scalable framework is required to reduce neonatal mortality from sepsis.                                                           Methods:                     We experienced a Gram-negative sepsis outbreak in our neonatal intensive care unit beginning in July 2021, with HCAI peaks reaching 30–40 per 1,000 patient-days and a case fatality of approximately 30%. The outbreak was contained through a strategic combination of the Modified Donabedian approach and the application of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model.                                                           Results:                     HCAIs decreased from a mean of 14 and a peak of 38.7 per 1,000 patient-days to a sustained mean of 2.9, and antibiotic use decreased by 50%. Late-onset sepsis–related mortality fell from 27.3% in 2021 and 40% in 2022 to 12% in 2023 and 0% in 2024.                                                           Conclusions:                     Effective outbreak control requires a holistic, structured approach that encompasses all components of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model, namely studying the work system (structure), processes, and outcomes. Activating agency and fostering psychological safety transform healthcare workers from being recipients of policy into active participants in implementing solutions. Strong leadership galvanizes teams toward a shared purpose and overcomes significant challenges to improve care.
Latitudinal extent of the heliospheric current sheet and modulation of galactic cosmic rays

The possible relation between changes in the maximum heliographic latitude of the heliospheric current sheet during solar maximum and cosmic ray modulation has been investigated. A causal relation between the intensity of galactic cosmic rays and the inclination or maximum latitude of the current sheet is an important feature of the gradient drift model. The maximum latitudinal extent in the northern and southern solar hemispheres during 1976–1982 was determined from current sheet contours at the solar source surface (2.5 solar radii) derived by Stanford University by extrapolating the photospheric magnetic fields into the corona using potential theory. The maxima in the north and south were found to be reasonably symmetrical about the solar equator except for an interval of about one year near sunspot maximum when the sun's polar caps were reversing. It was therefore possible to take the difference between the maximum latitudes in the north and south as a measure of current sheet inclination. The latitude difference so derived showed the evolution of the current sheet to high latitudes near sunspot maximum with a subsequent return to lower inclinations, but with reversed polarity, following maximum. In addition to this general behavior, a number of episodes occurred in which the latitude difference changed significantly over intervals of one year or less. When the changing latitude differences from 1976 through 1982 were compared with Deep River neutron monitor observations (corresponding to cosmic rays with E ≥ 1 GeV), a significant correlation was found. Changes in maximum latitude also correlate well with cosmic ray measurements being made at lower energies (E &gt; 200 MeV) by Pioneer 10 between 10 and 30 AU. The correlation is improved by introducing a delay corresponding to the time required for the solar wind to propagate from the sun to the spacecraft. The sensitivity of the cosmic ray intensity to changes in the current sheet is significantly different before and after the reversal in the polar cap and heliospheric magnetic field, the sensitivity being enhanced after the reversal when the field is inward in the north. The existence of this correlation and its sensitivity to the polarity of the solar heliospheric field provide significant support for the gradient drift model of cosmic ray modulation.
Innovative Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture: Ensuring Food Security and Environmental Health

Sustainable agriculture has become vital for supplying the world's increasing demand for food in the future. While ensuring food supply, this technique addresses decreased biodiversity, loss of resources, and global warming. Some practices like Crop Rotation, Integrated Pest Control, and Precision Land and Water Management increase yields while preserving the environment and other resources. Precision farming and remote sensing improve soil health and crop production. Cover crops, organic farming, and efficient irrigation improve soil and save water. Sustainable agriculture requires teamwork to reach its potential. To secure food security for future generations, governments, researchers, and stakeholders must support these practices.
Modeling Qualitative Variation Within Latent Trait Dimensions: Application of Mixed-Measurement to Personality Assessment

The mixed-measurement IRT model and the traditional factor analytic model are two fundamentally different ways of representing the structure underlying an item response matrix. To contrast these approaches, the parameters of full-information item factor models of varying dimensionality and mixed-measurement models of varying numbers of latent classes were estimated in a sample of 1,000 responses to a 14-item measure of Positive Interpersonal Engagement. Findings indicated that either a two latent factor or a two latent class mixed-model provided the most appropriate representation of the data. We also found that the factor models were, in general, more parsimonious than the mixed-measurement models. Nevertheless, we argue that deciding between a dimensional and a mixed- measurement representation of item response heterogeneity should not rest solely on statistical criteria. In the discussion, we suggest some research contexts in which the mixed- measurement model may be conceptually more appropriate than the traditional factor model.
Interfaces and Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries: Challenges for Theoretical Electrochemistry

Energy storage is considered a key technology for successful realization of renewable energies and electrification of the powertrain. This review discusses the lithium ion battery as the leading electrochemical storage technology, focusing on its main components, namely electrode(s) as active and electrolyte as inactive materials. State-of-the-art (SOTA) cathode and anode materials are reviewed, emphasizing viable approaches towards advancement of the overall performance and reliability of lithium ion batteries; however, existing challenges are not neglected. Liquid aprotic electrolytes for lithium ion batteries comprise a lithium ion conducting salt, a mixture of solvents and various additives. Due to its complexity and its role in a given cell chemistry, electrolyte, besides the cathode materials, is identified as most susceptible, as well as the most promising, component for further improvement of lithium ion batteries. The working principle of the most important commercial electrolyte additives is also discussed. With regard to new applications and new cell chemistries, e.g., operation at high temperature and high voltage, further improvements of both active and inactive materials are inevitable. In this regard, theoretical support by means of modeling, calculation and simulation approaches can be very helpful to ex ante pre-select and identify the aforementioned components suitable for a given cell chemistry as well as to understand degradation phenomena at the electrolyte/electrode interface. This overview highlights the advantages and limitations of SOTA lithium battery systems, aiming to encourage researchers to carry forward and strengthen the research towards advanced lithium ion batteries, tailored for specific applications.
Ecological trends in geometrid moth communities along elevational gradients in tropical rainforests with lessons for tropical biodiversity conservation

The present thesis focuses on the larger theme of the composition of highly diverse insect communities in tropical rainforests, using geometrid moths (Lepidoptera, Geometridae) as a model taxon. In particular, the study examines the structure and alpha diversity of moth communities at different elevations, their beta diversity as their composition responds to ecological trends in elevation gradients, and their regional gamma diversity as two elevation gradients with a separate geological history are compared and analyzed together. First, we examined changes in geometrid community composition along one of the few complete rainforest elevation gradients in the Palaeotropics, spanning from the lowlands to the timberline at 3700 m asl at Mt. Wilhelm. This is a well-studied gradient to explore a range of drivers of community composition along elevational gradients, including climate, the composition of vegetation, and the predation pressure. We used the same sampling protocols along a shorter elevation gradient in the Whiteman Range on the island of New Britain, which is geographically close, but being an oceanic island, it does not have a common geological history with Mt. Wilhelm. This allowed us to examine species turnover between two gradients and local endemism. Finally, the experience with ecological research in Papua New Guinea, in combination with the thesis author coming from an indigenous community of rainforest landowners, led to the examination of the current situation and future trends in rainforest conservation by indigenous communities globally, and particularly in Papua New Guinea.
The Go model revisited: Native structure and the geometric coupling between local and long-range contacts

Monte Carlo simulations show that long-range interactions play a major role in determining the folding rates of 48-mer three-dimensional lattice polymers modelled by the Go potential. For three target structures with different native geometries we found a sharp increase in the folding time when the relative contribution of the long-range interactions to the native state's energy is decreased from ~50% towards zero. However, the dispersion of the simulated folding times depends strongly on the native geometry and Go polymers folding to one of the target structures exhibit folding times spanning three orders of magnitude. We have also found that, depending on the target geometry, a strong geometric coupling may exist between local and long-range contacts meaning that, when this coupling exists, the formation of long-range contacts is forced by the previous formation of local contacts. The absence of a strong geometric coupling leads to kinetics that are more sensitive to the interaction energy parameters; in this case the formation of local contacts is not sufficient to promote the establishment of long-range ones when these are strongly penalized energetically, leading to longer folding times.
NUCLEAR AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF DIELECTRICS UNDER NEUTRON IRRADIATIONS IN FAST BN-600 AND FUSION DEMO-S REACTORS

Nuclear and physical properties (activation and transmutation of elements) of BN and Al2O3 dielectric materials subjected to neutron irradiation for up to 5 years in Russian fast (BN-600) and fusion (DEMO-S) reactors were calculated using the ACDAM-2.0 software complex for different post-irradiation cooling times (up to 10 years). Analytical relations were derived for the calculated quantities. The results may be used in the analysis of properties of irradiated dielectric materials and may help establish the rules for safe handling of these materials.
AI-Based Framework for Supporting Micro and Small Hosting Service Providers on the Report and Removal of Online Terrorist Content

AbstractThis work proposes a framework integrating AI technologies and tools to assist micro and small hosting service providers (HSPs) in adhering to the terrorist content online (TCO) Regulation. The framework encompasses: (i) a suite of AI tools for the automated detection and removal of TCO, (ii) a federated learning infrastructure for (re-)training and testing the underlying AI models, (iii) a secure shared hash repository to facilitate the automated prevention of uploading subversive content to HSP platforms, and (iv) a unified reporting mechanism to support the submission of removal orders by competent authorities. The proposed framework is being developed in the context of the ALLIES project in a user-driven manner based on the requirements of HSP and law enforcement agency (LEA) personnel. In addition, its development is guided by a desktop and empirical study on the landscape of online radicalisation, extremism conducted by domain experts. Overall, this framework is envisaged to support micro and small HSPs and protect their platforms from terrorist abuse in an efficient and cost-effective way.
Ecological-Economics of Biodiversity and Tropical Rainforest Deforestation

That circumambient region of the world between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Tropic of Cancer is presently the domain of most of the world’s poor people, as well as the site of an unprecedented, human-activated extinction of life. This crucible of environmental destruction and developmental exigency provides the centre of attention in this paper. Accepting Alfred Marshall’s dictum that the alleviation of poverty is the primary responsibility of the economist, the authors of this paper argue that the foundation of all life is being lost at a non-sustainable rate. Therefore, a precautionary principle has become essential in the pursuit of development and the reduction of poverty. Clearly, the burden of this principle must be borne by those most able to afford it.
The Role of the Polish Supreme National Tribunal in the Development of Principles of International Criminal Law

The article presents the circumstances of the establishment of the Polish Supreme National Tribunal which judged among others: Greiser, Fisher, Forster, Goeth, Hoess, staff of the Auschwitz camp and others. It shows in what way Polish tribunal developed definition of war crimes, genocide, crime against humanity and crime against peace as well as basic principle of international criminal law (immunity, JCE, order).