ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Development of a Scheme for Correcting Arbitrary Errors and Averaging Noise in Quantum Computing

Abstract                   Intensive research is currently being carried out to develop and create quantum computers and their software. This work is devoted to study of the influence of the environment on the quantum system of qubits. Quantum error correction is a set of methods for protecting quantum information and quantum state from unwanted interactions of the environment (decoherence) and other forms and types of noise. The article discusses the solution to the problem of research and development of corrective codes for rectifying several types of quantum errors that occur during computational processes in quantum algorithms and models of quantum computing devices. The aim of the work is to study existing methods for correcting various types of quantum errors and to create a corrective code for quantum error rectification. The scientific novelty is expressed in the exclusion of one of the shortcomings of the quantum computing process.
Disentangling the soil and atmospheric stress on carbon sequestration in a Mediterranean pine forest

Sequestration of atmospheric CO$_2$ in a Mediterranean semi-arid Aleppo Pine Forest (Pinus halepensis) close to the border of the semi-arid timberline was characterized and quantified under field conditions. Measurements of organic and inorganic CO$_2$ sequestration with gas exchange and stock counting approaches were made in both rainfed control (approximately 12$\%$ average annual soil moisture) and summer irrigated plots (approximately 24$\%$ annual average soil moisture), providing the opportunity to separate the effects of atmospheric water demand from soil water stress on the atmospheric CO$_2$ sequestration responses. Measurements yield an organic carbon sequestration (OCS) rate of approximately 550 g CO$_2$ m$^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$, two-thirds in soil and one-third in biomass. In addition, measurements yield an inorganic carbon sequestration (ICS) rate of approximately 216 g CO$_2$ m$^{-2}$ yr$^{-1}$; via calcite (CaCO$_3$) precipitation in the soil due to root exhalation of CO$_2$ (60$\%$) and microbial activity (40$\%$). The drip irrigated plot showed approximately 3 times higher organic CO$_2$ sequestration than the control plot. The organic sequestration is divided equally between the soil and the biomass. For the irrigated plot, the inorganic CO$_2$ was approximately 1.8 times higher than that of the control plot. However, for inorganic CO$_2$ sequestration, the soil moisture would need to be maintained lower than that of the study plot to preclude dissolving precipitated calcite. For many drylands, irrigation could be achieved by using fossil water reserves. These measured values demonstrate the relatively high potential carbon sequestration in Mediterranean drylands forests under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions.
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security : how does women’s groups and activist in Uganda engage in the implementation of UN SCR 1325 on women, peace and security?

ABSTRACT Women play various roles in conflicts and the resolution of conflicts. However, these various roles have not been reflected in mainstream approaches to peace and conflict, where women have been regarded as victims of war only. This view of women’s roles in peace and conflict has lately been contested by both academics and activists throughout the world. One result of this is that in 2000 the United Nations Security Council adopted resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security (SCR 1325). This resolution urges all UN member countries to include women in all efforts for the maintenance of peace and security and to increase women’s role in decision-making with regard to conflict prevention and resolution. The resolution is special in a UN –context. Both because it was the first time the Security Council adopted a resolution on gender, and because large networks of NGOs and lobby activists have been active in putting the issue on the agenda and in serving as watchdogs on its implementation. In this thesis I will analyse how women at the organisational level work to add a gender perspective, as well as to be included in decisions regarding conflict resolution and peacebuilding in Uganda. I will use SCR 1325 as a framework of reference. It is currently a civil-war in Northern-Uganda, and women suffer enormously from gender-based violence and lack of power to make decisions regarding their own lives. Therefore, the implementation of SCR 1325 in Uganda is of great importance. My aim is to explore further which strategies Ugandan non-governmental actors apply when engaging in the implementation of SCR 1325. I will suggest that what is needed if SCR 1325 is to be realised is combined efforts by, and recognition of, a broad spectre of different official and unofficial implementation agents.
Public infrastructure for food and nutrition security in brazil: fufilling the constitutional commitment to the human right to adequate food

Food insecurity is a critical global problem with social and public health consequences. In Brazil, access to adequate food is a fundamental human right guaranteed under the country's Constitution since 2010. As such, the State assumes the distinct and complementary obligations to respect, protect, promote and provide the Right to Adequate Food. The aim of this study is to present actions related to the "provision" dimension that have been developed as part of a network of public infrastructure strategies for food and nutrition security in Brazil. Through an exploratory, analytical literature review, the paper focuses on the operational designs and logistics of three main strategies: Food Banks, Community Kitchens, and Popular Restaurants. The Brazilian experience indicates that public actions are necessary, especially considering the urgency for those groups living with hunger and poverty. While similar programs can be found in other countries in South and North America, they are mostly offered by civil society organizations, and have not advanced toward public institutionalization. In fact, private programs are criticized for negating governments' obligation and responsibility in this area. Brazil's experience sheds light on public initiatives in meeting the State's obligations towards the Right to Adequate Food.The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12571-022-01272-1.
Structure, electrochemistry, and phase evolution of Al-substituted Na2/3[Ni1/3-yMn2/3-zAly+z]O2 as a Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode Material

Sodium layered transition metal oxide is a promising cathode material for Na-ion batteries. The P2-type structure and especially the Na2/3[Ni1/3Mn2/3]O2 (NaNM) composition are desirable for their rate capability and energy density. Unfortunately, these materials are hindered by their rapid capacity loss during charge/discharge cycling. While prior work has shown the benefits of Al doping in improving its capacity retention, it remains unclear whether and where Al is substituted in the bulk crystalline phase, especially given the honeycomb ordering of Ni and Mn in NaNM, and how Al substitution affects the structural evolution during electrochemical cycling. In this work we synthesize Al-substituted NaNM via two substitution strategies – aliovalent and “isovalent” substitution. Complementary X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and neutron powder diffraction (NPD) are used to determine the effects of Al substitution strategies on the crystal structure and show a preference of Al to substitute Ni, not Mn. Operando XRD is used to track phase evolution of the Al-substituted phases and reveals a reduced lattice mismatch during the high voltage phase transition as Al content increases. This work provides insights into the complex elemental substitution in NaNM and serves as the basis for developing future substitution strategies.
The Responsibility to Protect and Humanitarian Intervention in Africa

AbstractThis essay investigates the connection between humanitarian intervention and R2P within an historical, legal, and conceptual context. It challenges the widely held view that Africa lacks the capacity to intervene in areas of conflict and human rights violations, arguing instead that the continent possesses the will and instruments to protect human rights. The author notes that, while the UN Security Council retains the primary responsibility for promoting global peace and security, the R2P norm remains contested even within the UN. The ECOWAS interventions in Liberia and Sierra Leone in the 1990s were initially undertaken without UN approval, but were later sanctioned by the world body. These interventions undermined the idea of state sovereignty as independence from external interventions, which had previously constrained humanitarian missions in Africa. However, the essay argues that the R2P principle was boosted by the establishment of the International Criminal Court in 2002 to prosecute persons suspected of committing war crimes, crimes against humanity, and/or genocide. In addition, the intervention clause in the AU's Constitutive Act of 2000 supports the R2P principle while prohibiting unilateral interventions. Notwithstanding these developments, the author notes that the AU and Africa's regional bodies still have a long way to go in translating the R2P doctrine into practice.
Shear-selected clusters from the Deep Lens Survey

Weak gravitational lensing has the potential to select clusters independently of their baryon content, dynamical state, and star formation history. We present steps toward the first shear-selected sample of clusters, from the Deep Lens Survey (DLS), a deep BVRz' imaging survey of 28 square degrees. Cluster redshifts are determined from photometric redshifts of members and from lensing tomography, and in some cases have been confirmed spectroscopically. DLS imaging data are also used to derive mass-to-light ratios, and upcoming Chandra and XMM time will yield X-ray luminosities and temperatures for a subsample of 12 clusters. Thus we can begin to address any baryon or luminous-matter bias which may be present in current optical and X-ray samples. When the DLS is complete, we expect to have a sample of ~ 100 shear-selected clusters from z ~ 0.2-1.
Using integrated in-situ sulfide trace element geochemistry and sulfur isotopes to trace ore-forming fluids: Example from the Mina Justa IOCG deposit (southern Perú)

Abstract   The Cretaceous Mina Justa iron oxide copper-gold (IOCG) deposit in southern Peru is an important deposit in the Central Andean IOCG mineralization belt. At Mina Justa, Stage I alteration is represented by albite-actinolite, followed by Stage II K-feldspar-magnetite alteration. Stage III alteration is composed mainly of prismatic actinolite, and Stage IV of specular hematite. In-situ SIMS sulfur isotope and LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses were conducted on the major sulfide phases, i.e., pyrite from the magnetite-pyrite-K-feldspar alteration (Stage V) and chalcopyrite from the Cu mineralization (Stage VI). Results show that the δ34S values of Stage V pyrite range from −0.5 to +6.4‰, indicating that the sulfur is mainly magmatic and has possible late external fluid incursion. Co/Ni (0.1 to 209) and Se/S (0.3 to 1.4 × 10−4) ratios show clear coupling with the δ34S values, which is also indicative of external fluid incursion during Stage V pyrite formation. Two distinct fluid sources were identified for Stage V: One shows magmatic affinity with low δ34S ( +2.5‰, up to +6.4‰) and Co/Ni (>10, up to 209) but low Se/S (as low as 0.3 × 10−4). The Stage VI chalcopyrite grains that did not replace Stage V pyrite have δ34S values clustering around +1.0‰, suggestive of a magmatic-like origin. Given the low homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions (∼88 to 220 °C, mode ∼130 °C) and Ca-rich nature of the fluids in Stage VI, the ore-forming materials may have derived from the andesitic host rocks, although derivation via mixing with magmatic fluids may have also been possible. For the Stage VI chalcopyrite grains that replaced Stage V pyrite, both their δ34S values and trace element patterns show inheritance of the replaced pyrite. In summary, Stage V ore-forming fluids was likely magmatic initially, with external fluid incursion occurring later in this stage; whereas the fluids of Cu mineralization stage may have come mainly from the external fluids that leached the andesitic wall rocks, during which the external fluids had inherited certain sulfur isotope and trace element signatures of the pyrite they replaced.
A Bat-Inspired Sparse Recovery Algorithm for Compressed Sensing

Compressed sensing (CS) is an important research area of signal sampling and compression, and the essence of signal recovery in CS is an optimization problem of solving the underdetermined system of equations. Greedy pursuit algorithms are widely used to solve this problem. They have low computational complexity; however, their recovery performance is limited. In this paper, an intelligence recovery algorithm is proposed by combining the Bat Algorithm (BA) and the pruning technique in subspace pursuit. Experimental results illustrate that the proposed algorithm has better recovery performance than greedy pursuit algorithms. Moreover, applied to the microseismic monitoring system, the BA can recover the signal well.
DS_10.1177_2381468318808503 – Supplemental material for Designing Shared Decision-Making Interventions for Dissemination and Sustainment: Can Implementation Science Help Translate Shared Decision Making Into Routine Practice?

Supplemental material, DS_10.1177_2381468318808503 for Designing Shared Decision-Making Interventions for Dissemination and Sustainment: Can Implementation Science Help Translate Shared Decision Making Into Routine Practice? by Andy S. L. Tan, Kathleen M. Mazor, Daniel McDonald, Stella J. Lee, Demetria McNeal, Daniel D. Matlock and Russell E. Glasgow in MDM Policy &amp; Practice
CoRe-ECG: Advancing Self-Supervised Representation Learning for 12-Lead ECG via Contrastive and Reconstructive Synergy

Accurate interpretation of electrocardiogram (ECG) remains challenging due to the scarcity of labeled data and the high cost of expert annotation. Self-supervised learning (SSL) offers a promising solution by enabling models to learn expressive representations from unlabeled signals. Existing ECG SSL methods typically rely on either contrastive learning or reconstructive learning. However, each approach in isolation provides limited supervisory signals and suffers from additional limitations, including non-physiological distortions introduced by naive augmentations and trivial correlations across multiple leads that models may exploit as shortcuts. In this work, we propose CoRe-ECG, a unified contrastive and reconstructive pretraining paradigm that establishes a synergistic interaction between global semantic modeling and local structural learning. CoRe-ECG aligns global representations during reconstruction, enabling instance-level discriminative signals to guide local waveform recovery. To further enhance pretraining, we introduce Frequency Dynamic Augmentation (FDA) to adaptively perturb ECG signals based on their frequency-domain importance, and Spatio-Temporal Dual Masking (STDM) to break linear dependencies across leads, increasing the difficulty of reconstructive tasks. Our method achieves state-of-the-art performance across multiple downstream ECG datasets. Ablation studies further demonstrate the necessity and complementarity of each component. This approach provides a robust and physiologically meaningful representation learning framework for ECG analysis.
Materials Acceleration Platform for Electrochemistry: a Platform for Autonomous Electrochemistry

Corrosion testing is slow, labor-intensive, and sensitive to operator technique, limiting the generation of large, high-quality datasets for data-driven materials discovery. The Materials Acceleration Platform for Electrochemistry (MAP-E) is an autonomous, high-throughput system, capable of performing parallel electrochemical experiments. It integrates robotic liquid handling, sample transfer with a multi-channel potentiostatic control to extract corrosion metrics without human intervention. Validation against an ASTM G61-analog benchmark demonstrates good reproducibility, with a standard deviation of 75 mV in pitting potential across 32 automated measurements. The platform was then employed to autonomously construct pH-chloride stability diagrams for 304 stainless steel using an uncertainty-driven sampling strategy on a Gaussian process surrogate model. This approach reduces operator involvement and accelerates the exploration of environmental spaces. The MAP-E establishes a framework for autonomous electrochemical experimentation, enabling generation of corrosion datasets that inform materials discovery, alloy design, and durability assessment in service environments.
Assessment of Vulnerability, Resilience Capacity and Land Use Within the Scope of Climate Change Adaptation: The Case of Balıkesir-Susurluk Basin

Aim of study: Countries will be affected by climate change in different levels and ways. Therefore, it is necessary to focus on methods and options specific to regions. Basin approach, the sustainability of the basins and their capacity to be exposed to the possible effects of climate change, adapting to and resisting climate change should be addressed with an integrated approach. “Basin vulnerability analysis” methods are developed to ensure ecosystems sustainability and reveal their adaptive capacities. The purpose of these analyses is to calculate the basin’s vulnerability to all anthropogenic stress factors, especially climate change, for prioritizing investments and measures.  Area of study: This study applied in Balıkesir-Susurluk sub-basins.  Material and methods: This study applied a vulnerability analyses and mapped in Balıkesir-Susurluk sub-basins. The vulnerability analysis results were evaluated together with land use and resilience capacity.    Main results: We obtained a high correlation (r2=0.788) between the vulnerability values and the water quality scores. The used method was verified and found to be successful and applicable.   Highlights: The dissemination of the method with its application to other basins is critical in analyzing the vulnerability at the basin scale and directing the basin restoration investments.
Magnetic Anisotropy in Two-dimensional van der Waals Magnetic Materials and Their Heterostructures: Importance, Mechanisms, and Opportunities

Two-dimensional (2D) magnetism in atomically thin van der Waals (vdW) monolayers and heterostructures has attracted significant attention due to its promising potential for next-generation spintronic and quantum technologies. A key factor in stabilizing long-range magnetic order in these systems is magnetic anisotropy, which plays a crucial role in overcoming the limitations imposed by the Mermin-Wagner theorem. This review provides a comprehensive theoretical and experimental overview of the importance of magnetic anisotropy in enabling intrinsic 2D magnetism and shaping the electronic, magnetic, and topological properties of 2D vdW materials. We begin by summarizing the fundamental mechanisms that determine magnetic anisotropy, emphasizing the contributions from strong ligand spin-orbit coupling of ligand atoms and unquenched orbital magnetic moments. We then examine a range of material engineering approaches, including alloying, doping, electrostatic gating, strain, and pressure, that have been employed to effectively tune magnetic anisotropy in these materials. Finally, we discuss open challenges and promising future directions in this rapidly advancing field. By presenting a broad perspective on the role of magnetic anisotropy in 2D magnetism, this review aims to stimulate ongoing efforts and new ideas toward the realization of robust, room-temperature applications based on 2D vdW magnetic materials and their heterostructures.
The Influence of Agile Leadership and Organizational Culture on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by  Talent Management

This research aims to analyze the factors that influence innovative work behavior at PT. Perfect Star in Central Jakarta. The population of this study were employees from PT. Bintang Perfect in Central Jakarta with a sample size of 86 employees. The data analysis method uses Structural Equation Model-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS). Research result find that Agile leadership matters positive to management talent. Agile leadership matters positive to behavior Work innovative. Management talent influential positive to behavior Work innovative. Culture organization influential positive to management talent. Culture organization influential positive to behavior Work innovative. Management talent role mediate influence agile leadership towards Behavior Work Innovative, and Management talent role mediate influence Culture Organize to Behavior Work Innovative at PT. Perfect Star in Central Jakarta.  Keywords:- Agile Leadership, Culture Organization, Management Talent, Behavior Work Innovative, Sem Pls.
Upack program package for crystal structure prediction: Force fields and crystal structure generation for small carbohydrate molecules

The Upack program package for crystal structure generation was used to build hypothetical crystal structures for 32 pyranoses and 24 polyalcohols. A subset of these was used to compare six force fields in their ability to reproduce the experimentally observed structures, preferably with low energies and high rankings with respect to the structure with lowest energy. One of these force fields, Unitat, was derived from Gromos87 by adjusting some parameters to obtain a better geometric description of these crystal structures. This united-atom force field and the all-atom Opls force field performed best, and were used in the crystal structure generation for the full set of compounds. For these carbohydrates, hundreds of hypothetical polymorphic structures are generated in an energy window of about 25 kJ/mol. On average, the experimental structures had reasonable energies and rankings. These lists are good starting points for more sophisticated calculations, and can be used for structure determination by powder diffraction methods. In a few cases, serious doubt was raised concerning the hydrogen-bond network reported in the literature, for which more plausible alternatives appear to exist. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 20: 799-812, 1999.
Thermodynamics of low-dimensional trapped Fermi gases

The effects of low dimensionality on the thermodynamics of a Fermi gas trapped by isotropic power law potentials are analyzed. Particular attention is given to different characteristic temperatures that emerge, at low dimensionality, in the thermodynamic functions of state and in the thermodynamic susceptibilities (isothermal compressibility and specific heat). An energy-entropy argument that physically favors the relevance of one of these characteristic temperatures, namely, the non vanishing temperature at which the chemical potential reaches the Fermi energy value, is presented. Such an argument allows to interpret the nonmonotonic dependence of the chemical potential on temperature, as an indicator of the appearance of a thermodynamic regime, where the equilibrium states of a trapped Fermi gas are characterized by larger fluctuations in energy and particle density as is revealed in the corresponding thermodynamics susceptibilities.