ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Utilizing the Potentials of Community Development Associations for Conflict Resolutions and Peace Building in Benue State

The study was undertaken to determine whether the inherent potentials of Community Development Associations in Benue State could be applied in conflict resolution and peace building in the State. From a universe of 314 registered CDAs in the state, a sample of 217 participants taken out of an expected 300, respondents from conflict prone LGAs, and 50 from non-conflict prone LGAs was taken for the study.  Five research objectives and seven research questions guided the study. Survey research design was adopted while descriptive statistics   was used to analyze data from the questionnaire. It was found that CDAs are not only involved in peace building; they are viewed as essential to it. It was also found that CDAs are not only involved in peace building; they are viewed as essential to it. Their grassroots legitimacy, participatory methods and relational proximity to their community members position them a critical agent in sustaining peace. Strengthening their linkages with formal institutions, providing training and securing funding would further enable CDAs scale up their impact and institutional relevance in conflict resolution in Benue state. Integrating CDAs into formal conflict resolution frameworks, while preserving their grassroots orientation is essential for fostering inclusive and sustainable peace in the state.
Corrigendum to “An integrated approach for logistic and vendor managed inventory in supply chain” [Expert Systems with Applications 37 (1) (2010) 39–44]

Corrigendum Corrigendum to ‘‘An integrated approach for logistic and vendor managed inventory in supply chain” [Expert Systems with Applications 37 (1) (2010) 39–44] V. Arora , F.T.S. Chan *, M.K. Tiwari a Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
Evaluating Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) vs. Traditional IT Operations: Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Strategic Impact

This paper compares Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) and Traditional IT Operations (ITOps) in modern organizations. With the rise of cloud technologies, microservices, and automation, understanding these operational models is critical for decision-makers. The study evaluates SRE, which focuses on automation, proactive management, and collaboration, against Traditional ITOps, which tends to be more manual, reactive, and siloed. The research explores their effects on operational efficiency, scalability, system reliability, and business agility.  Using a mixed-methods approach, the study combines qualitative interviews with IT professionals and quantitative performance data. The interviews, supported by case studies from leading tech companies, provide insights into the implementation of both models. Key metrics such as system uptime, incident response times, and team productivity were analyzed.  The study shows that SRE outperforms Traditional ITOps in operational efficiency, scalability, and reliability. Automation, continuous monitoring, and error budgets improve uptime and incident resolution. SRE also supports growth without the bottlenecks found in Traditional ITOps. While SRE requires a higher initial investment, its long-term efficiency gains outweigh the costs. Traditional ITOps, in contrast, often incur higher ongoing costs.  This research offers valuable insights for organizations considering SRE adoption, particularly for those scaling to cloud-native environments. However, Traditional ITOps may still be suitable for legacy systems or smaller organizations.
Consumer awareness and attitudes about insurance discrimination post enactment of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

To examine the awareness and attitudes about the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act in individuals who made contact with a Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome advocacy group. This is a descriptive study of individuals (n = 1,699) who were invited via email and advertisements to complete an online questionnaire available from August 2009 through December 2010. Response distributions of relevant subgroups were compared using cross tabulation and Chi-squared tests were used. The majority of respondents (69.2 %) had undergone genetic testing (n = 1,156) and 30.2 % had not. Of those who did not undergo genetic testing, the most common reason given for declining testing was cost (28.8 %), followed by concerns about insurance discrimination (19.5 %). More than half (60.5 %) were worried about health insurance discrimination when they first considered genetic testing and 28.6 % were worried about employment discrimination. Slightly more individuals were worried about health insurance discrimination if they had no prior knowledge of GINA. While "cost" was cited most frequently as the reason not to test, "fear of insurance discrimination" was the second most common reason. Knowledge of GINA among consumers is still limited and public education may help promote reduction in fear.
In Situ Electrochemistry of Rechargeable Battery Materials: Status Report and Perspectives

The development of rechargeable batteries with high performance is considered to be a feasible way to satisfy the increasing needs of electric vehicles and portable devices. It is of vital importance to design electrodes with high electrochemical performance and to understand the nature of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces during battery operation, which allows a direct observation of the complicated chemical and physical processes within the electrodes and electrolyte, and thus provides real‐time information for further design and optimization of the battery performance. Here, the recent progress in in situ techniques employed for the investigations of material structural evolutions is described, including characterization using neutrons, X‐ray diffraction, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In situ techniques utilized for in‐depth uncovering the electrode/electrolyte phase/interface change mechanisms are then highlighted, including transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X‐ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The real‐time monitoring of lithium dendrite growth and in situ detection of gas evolution during charge/discharge processes are also discussed. Finally, the major challenges and opportunities of in situ characterization techniques are outlined toward new developments of rechargeable batteries, including innovation in the design of compatible in situ cells, applications of dynamic analysis, and in situ electrochemistry under multi‐stimuli. A clear and in‐depth understanding of in situ technique applications and the mechanisms of structural evolutions, surface/interface changes, and gas generations within rechargeable batteries is given here.
Graph Signal Denoising Using Regularization by Denoising and Its Parameter Estimation

In this paper, we propose an interpretable denoising method for graph signals using regularization by denoising (RED). RED is a technique developed for image restoration that uses an efficient (and sometimes black-box) denoiser in the regularization term of the optimization problem. By using RED, optimization problems can be designed with the explicit use of the denoiser, and the gradient of the regularization term can be easily computed under mild conditions. We adapt RED for denoising of graph signals beyond image processing. We show that many graph signal denoisers, including graph neural networks, theoretically or practically satisfy the conditions for RED. We also study the effectiveness of RED from a graph filter perspective. Furthermore, we propose supervised and unsupervised parameter estimation methods based on deep algorithm unrolling. These methods aim to enhance the algorithm applicability, particularly in the unsupervised setting. Denoising experiments for synthetic and real-world datasets show that our proposed method improves signal denoising accuracy in mean squared error compared to existing graph signal denoising methods.
Subspace Estimation from Unbalanced and Incomplete Data Matrices: $\ell_{2,\infty}$ Statistical Guarantees

This paper is concerned with estimating the column space of an unknown low-rank matrix $\boldsymbol{A}^{\star}\in\mathbb{R}^{d_{1}\times d_{2}}$, given noisy and partial observations of its entries. There is no shortage of scenarios where the observations -- while being too noisy to support faithful recovery of the entire matrix -- still convey sufficient information to enable reliable estimation of the column space of interest. This is particularly evident and crucial for the highly unbalanced case where the column dimension $d_{2}$ far exceeds the row dimension $d_{1}$, which is the focal point of the current paper. We investigate an efficient spectral method, which operates upon the sample Gram matrix with diagonal deletion. While this algorithmic idea has been studied before, we establish new statistical guarantees for this method in terms of both $\ell_{2}$ and $\ell_{2,\infty}$ estimation accuracy, which improve upon prior results if $d_{2}$ is substantially larger than $d_{1}$. To illustrate the effectiveness of our findings, we derive matching minimax lower bounds with respect to the noise levels, and develop consequences of our general theory for three applications of practical importance: (1) tensor completion from noisy data, (2) covariance estimation / principal component analysis with missing data, and (3) community recovery in bipartite graphs. Our theory leads to improved performance guarantees for all three cases.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Human Resource Information System (HRIS) Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai dengan Job Involvement Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Studi Kasus Badan Kepegawaian Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Kota Semarang)

Pada Penelitian yang dilakukan ini mempunyai  manfaat untuk menguji dampak dari pengaplikasian Human Resource Information System (HRIS) terhadap kinerja pegawai dengan job involvement sebagai faktor mediasi. Sampel penelitian melibatkan 64 responden dari pegawai negeri sipil yang bekerja pada instansi pemerintah Badan Kepegawaian Pendidikan dan Pelatihan Kota Semarang. Metode pada penelitian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan secara kuantitatif dengan metode analisis PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling) menggunakan SmartPLS 4.1.1.1. Hasil studi yang telah dilakukan memberikan data bahwa HRIS memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap job involvement (nilai-p = 0.000) dan meningkatkan keterlibatan kerja karyawan. Job involvement juga terbukti mempengaruhi kinerja secara positif (nilai-p = 0.000), serta memediasi pengaruh HRIS terhadap kinerja secara signifikan
Privacy risks from massive data flows in 5G networks across Africa: Balancing surveillance implications with individual rights in developing economies

The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks across African nations represents a transformative technological advancement that promises unprecedented connectivity, economic growth, and digital innovation. However, this technological revolution simultaneously introduces substantial privacy risks stemming from massive data flows, heightened surveillance capabilities, and inadequate regulatory frameworks in developing economies. This research examines the multifaceted privacy challenges emerging from 5G implementation across Africa, analysing the tension between state surveillance interests and individual privacy rights. The study evaluates the current state of data protection legislation across 54 African countries, revealing significant disparities in regulatory maturity and enforcement capabilities. Through comprehensive analysis of 5G network architecture, data flow mechanisms, and privacy vulnerabilities, this research identifies critical gaps in protection frameworks that expose African citizens to unprecedented surveillance risks. The investigation incorporates quantitative data on 5G rollout statistics, sectoral applications, and economic projections spanning 2025-2030. Findings indicate that while 5G technology offers substantial economic benefits projected at $712 billion by 2050, the accompanying privacy risks remain largely unaddressed in most African jurisdictions. The research reveals that only 28 countries have enacted comprehensive data protection legislation as of 2025, leaving significant populations vulnerable to privacy violations. The analysis demonstrates that sustainable 5G deployment in Africa requires simultaneous advancement of privacy protection infrastructure to prevent the emergence of surveillance states that undermine democratic principles and individual freedoms.
IIITH at SemEval-2021 Task 7: Leveraging transformer-based humourous and offensive text detection architectures using lexical and hurtlex features and task adaptive pretraining

This paper describes our approach (IIITH) for SemEval-2021 Task 5: HaHackathon: Detecting and Rating Humor and Offense. Our results focus on two major objectives: (i) Effect of task adaptive pretraining on the performance of transformer based models (ii) How does lexical and hurtlex features help in quantifying humour and offense. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of our approach along with comparisions mentioned above.
Guidance note on the application of coastal modelling for small island developing states: Part of the NOC-led project “Climate Change Impact Assessment: Ocean Modelling and Monitoring for the Caribbean CME states”, 2017-2020; under the Commonwealth Marine Economies (CME) Programme in the Caribbean

Small Island Developing States (SIDS) are a diverse group of 51 countries and territories vulnerable to human-induced climate change, due to factors including their small size, large exclusive economic zones and limited resources. They generally have insufficient critical mass in scientific research and technical capability to carry out coastal monitoring campaigns from scratch and limited access to data. This guidance report will go some way to addressing these issues by providing information on monitoring methods and signposting data sources. Coastal monitoring, the collection, analysis and storage of information about coastal processes and the response of the coastline, provides information on how the coast changes over time, after storm events and due to the effects of human intervention. Accurate and repeatable observational data is essential to informed decision making, particularly in light of climate change, the impacts of which are already being felt. In this report, we review the need for monitoring and the development of appropriate strategies, which include good baseline data and long-term repeatable data collection at appropriate timescales. We identify some of the methods for collection of in situ data, such as tide gauges and topographic survey, and highlight where resources in terms of data and equipment are currently available. We then go on to explore the range of remote sensing methods available from satellites to smart phone photography. Both in situ and remotely sensed data are important as inputs into models, which in turn feed in to visualisations for decision-making. We review the availability of a wide range of datasets, including details of how to access satellite data and links to international and regional data banks. The report concludes with information on the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and good practice in managing data.
Application of fuzzy logic to fault tree and event tree analysis of the risk for cargo liquefaction on board ship

Abstract   Risk analysis is of paramount importance in maritime transportation due to the nature of work. The IMO (International Maritime Organization) adopted FSA (Formal Safety Assessment) as guidance to address risk analysis on-board ship. However, it does not suggest a specific approach on how to assess the risks. Therefore, safety researchers are seeking robust risk analysis approaches in maritime transportation. This paper performs comprehensive risk analysis by using bow-tie method within a fuzzy logic environment. While the bow-tie method is analysing potential causes and consequences of failures, the fuzzy logic deals with vagueness and imprecision of expert judgements. The case of cargo liquefaction on-board ship is selected as a case study since the consequences of cargo liquefaction are extremely dangerous for crew, ship and environment. Besides its theoretical insight, the paper supports maritime professionals to enhance safety awareness about the cargo liquefaction phenomenon.
Partition Functions for Statistical Mechanics With MicroPartitions and Phase Transitions

The fundamentals of Statistical Mechanics require a fresh definition in the context of the developments in Classical Mechanics of integrable and chaotic systems. This is done with the introduction of Micro Partitions ; a union of disjoint components in phase space. Partition functions including the invariants, Kolmogorov Entropy and Euler number are introduced. The ergodic hypothesis for partial ergodicity is discussed. In the context of Quantum Mechanics the presence of symmetry groups with irreducible representations gives rise to degenerate and non degenerate spectrum for the Hamiltonian. Quantum Statistical Mechanics is formulated including these two cases ; by including the multiplicity dimension of the group representation and the Casimir invariants into the Partition function. The possibility of new kinds of phase transitions is discussed. The occurence of systems with non simply connected configuration spaces and Quantum Mechanics for them, also requires a possible generalisation of Statistical Mechanics. The developments of Quantum pure, mixed, and entangled states has made it neccessary to understand the Statistical Mechanics of the multipartite N particle system. And to obtain in terms of the density matrices, written in energy basis, the Trace of the Gibbs operator as the Partition function and use it to get statistical averages of operators. There are some issues of definition, interpretation and application that are discussed.
Assessing land-use and -cover changes in relation to geographic factors and urban planning in the metropolitan area of Concepción (Chile). Implications for biodiversity conservation

Abstract   The conservation of biodiversity in Latin American metropolitan areas is threatened by the intense land-use and -cover change. Assessing the overall biodiversity changes in entire regions faces with the traditional lack of consistent biodiversity data. This work aims at contributing to this assessment through a set of major pressures to biodiversity defined from land-use and -cover changes, and evaluating their extent, distribution and correlations with geographical variables. The study was performed in the framework of the Metropolitan Urban Plan of Concepcion (MUPC, Chile). Land-use and -cover maps were obtained through image classification for the years 2000 and 2010, before and after the MUPC approval, and combined in a land-use and -cover change (LUCC) map. A set of pressures to biodiversity (natural and artificial forestation, deforestation, agricultural abandonment and expansion, and urbanization) was obtained from reclassifying the LUCC map. The correlations of these pressures with a set of geographical variables were assessed using canonical ordination methods. Finally, a preliminary forecast analysis of the effects of the MUPC was performed by combining the land-use and -cover map of 2010 with the urban-extension areas of the plan.  Results showed that, in only 10 years, 57% of the Concepcion Metropolitan Area (CMA) was affected by land-use and -cover changes, and 48% was affected by the pressures to biodiversity. Artificial forestation and deforestation were the dominant pressures, followed by agricultural abandonment and urbanization. The geographical distribution of pressures during the 2000–2010 period also contributed to affect the conservation of biodiversity and the sustainable management of the CMA. Indeed, natural forestation occurred close to urbanization, thus threatening the ecological integrity of native forests, while artificial forestation, deforestation and agricultural abandonment took place in steeply areas thus increasing landslide risk. Despite urbanization was not the most relevant pressure in the short studied period, urban development planned in the MUPC would determine an overall increase of 60% in the built-up area of the CMA, mostly affecting brushwood and forest plantations but also native forest and wetlands. Implications of these results for the strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and the sustainable management of Latin American metropolis are finally discussed.
Synthesis and physical properties of Na$_x$TO$_2$ (T=Mn, Co) nanostructures for cathode materials in Na--ion batteries

We prepared Na$_x$TO$_2$ (T = Mn, Co) nanostructures to use as cathode material in Na-ion batteries. The Rietveld refinement of x-ray diffraction data confirms the hexagonal symmetry. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy measurements show hexagonal and rod-shape morphology for T = Co and Mn, respectively. The magnetic measurements indicate the presence of variable oxidation states of Mn/Co ions, but no long range ordering till 5~K. We find that the Na$_{0.6}$MnO$_2$ is highly insulating whereas Na$_{0.7}$CoO$_2$ is semiconducting in nature. The conduction in Na$_{0.7}$CoO$_2$ takes place through both variable range hopping (VRH) as well as activation mechanisms in different temperature ranges. However, for Na$_{0.6}$MnO$_2$ the VRH prevails at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the coin cells have been fabricated and tested the electrochemical behavior using cyclic voltammetry, which confirms the reversibility of Na--ions during intercalation/de-intercalation.
CORSIKA Simulation of the Telescope Array Surface Detector

The Telescope Array is the largest experiment studying ultra-high energy cosmic rays in the northern hemisphere. The detection area of the experiment consists of an array of 507 surface detectors, and a fluorescence detector divided into three sites at the periphery. The viewing directions of the 38 fluorescence telescopes point over the air space above the surface array. In this paper, we describe a technique that we have developed for simulating the response of the array of surface detectors of the Telescope Array experiment. The two primary components of this method are (a) the generation of a detailed CORSIKA Monte Carlo simulation with all known characteristics of the data, and (b) the validation of the simulation by a direct comparison with the Telescope Array surface detector data. This technique allows us to make a very accurate calculation of the acceptance of the array. We also describe a study of systematic uncertainties in this acceptance calculation.