ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
GEMINI SPECTROSCOPY OF THE SHORT-HARD GAMMA-RAY BURST GRB 130603B AFTERGLOW AND HOST GALAXY

We present early optical photometry and spectroscopy of the afterglow and host galaxy of the bright short-duration gamma-ray burst GRB 130603B discovered by the Swift satellite. Using our Target of Opportunity program on the Gemini South telescope, our prompt optical spectra reveal a strong trace from the afterglow superimposed on continuum and emission lines from the z = 0.3568 ± 0.0005 host galaxy. The combination of a relatively bright optical afterglow (r′ = 21.52 at Δt = 8.4 hr), together with an observed offset of 0.″9 from the host nucleus (4.8 kpc projected distance at z = 0.3568), allow us to extract a relatively clean spectrum dominated by afterglow light. Furthermore, the spatially resolved spectrum allows us to constrain the properties of the explosion site directly, and compare these with the host galaxy nucleus, as well as other short-duration GRB host galaxies. We find that while the host is a relatively luminous (), star-forming (SFR = 1.84 M yr-1) galaxy with almost solar metallicity, the spectrum of the afterglow exhibits weak Ca II absorption features but negligible emission features. The explosion site therefore lacks evidence of recent star formation, consistent with the relatively long delay time distribution expected in a compact binary merger scenario. The star formation rate (SFR; both in an absolute sense and normalized to the luminosity) and metallicity of the host are both consistent with the known sample of short-duration GRB hosts and with recent results which suggest GRB 130603B emission to be the product of the decay of radioactive species produced during the merging process of a neutron-star-neutron-star binary ("kilonova"). Ultimately, the discovery of more events similar to GRB 130603B and their rapid follow-up from 8 m class telescopes will open new opportunities for our understanding of the final stages of compact-objects binary systems and provide crucial information (redshift, metallicity, and chemical content of their explosion site) to characterize the environment of one of the most promising gravitational wave sources. © 2013. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved..
Central Bank digital currencies : impact on the banking sector

Mestrado Bolonha em Finanças
Development and Validation of a Computer Vision Dataset for Object Detection and Instance Segmentation in Earthwork Construction Sites

Construction sites report the highest rate of industrial accidents, prompting the active development of smart safety management systems based on deep learning-based computer vision technology. To support the digital transformation of construction sites, securing site-specific datasets is essential. In this study, raw data were collected from an actual earthwork site. Key construction equipment and terrain objects primarily operated at the site were identified, and 89,766 images were processed to build a site-specific training dataset. This dataset includes annotated bounding boxes for object detection and polygon masks for instance segmentation. The performance of the dataset was validated using representative models—YOLO v7 for object detection and Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation. Quantitative metrics and visual assessments confirmed the validity and practical applicability of the dataset. The dataset used in this study has been made publicly available for use by researchers in related fields. This dataset is expected to serve as a foundational resource for advancing object detection applications in construction safety.
Authentic leadership, nurse‐assessed adverse patient events and quality of care: The mediating role of nurses' safety actions

Authentic leadership has been consistently cited as a strong precursor of sustained job performance and work effectiveness in nurses; however, studies linking authentic leadership with nurses' safety actions, nurse-assessed adverse patient events and nursing care quality are scarce.To examine whether nurses' safety actions mediate the relationship between authentic leadership, nurse-assessed adverse events and nursing care quality.A multi-centre, cross-sectional study involving 1,608 nurses employed in acute care facilities in Oman. Multi-stage regression analysis was conducted in testing for the mediation model.Nurse managers in Oman were perceived to be highly authentic by their staff nurses. Authentic leadership significantly predicted nurses' safety actions (β = 0.168, p < .001), decrease in nurse-assessed adverse events (β = -0.017, p = .024) and increase in care quality (β = 0.121, p < .001). Further, the association between authentic leadership and nurse-assessed adverse events (β = -0.063, p = .057) and care quality (β = 0.038, p = .002) was mediated by nurses' safety actions.Results suggest the importance of developing nurse managers' authentic leadership to foster nurses' safety actions and reduce adverse patient outcomes and promote nursing care quality.Organizational efforts to address patient safety issues should be directed towards developing authentic leadership in nurse managers through leadership programmes, periodic evaluation of leadership competencies (e.g., 360-degree or a bottom-up performance evaluation), and a creation of a safe culture in which nurses can openly report safety concerns for corrective action.
Human rights and environmental protection in what way(s) can the right to economic and social development collide with the right to a healthy environment?

Human rights frequently collide and intertwine. Therefore, in this paper we consider the way the collision of human rights to economic development and human rights to a healthy environment. This essay will argue that the right to a healthy environment and right to economic development can be compatible, but this requires sustainability of society, economy, and politics. Before we will know in what ways these rights may collide, we will look at what those rights are guaranteed, after let us examine the examples of how these rights can harm each other or exist peacefully with each other.
Graphs and Combinatorial Optimization: from Theory to Applications CTW2020 Proceedings Preface

Preface to the AIRO Springer series volume for CTW 2020 proceedings
A single-wavelength non-coherent photonic matrix multiplication circuit for optical neural networks

We demonstrate a single-wavelength, non-coherent silicon photonic 4×4 matrix multiplication circuit for optical neural networks. An accuracy of 91.7% is obtained using this circuit in a simple neural network for classifying Iris flowers.
The Relationship Between Occupational Safety and Health Management and Workplace Accidents in the Laboratory at Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar

Clinical laboratory services are crucial for public health, requiring adequate facilities, modern technology, and well-trained personnel to meet safety standards. In line with the Indonesian Minister of Health Regulation No. 66 of 2016, Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) systems are essential to safeguard hospital staff, patients, visitors, and the environment by preventing accidents and illnesses. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationship between Occupational Safety and Health Management components (K3 Promotion, Training, Supervision, Investigation, Reporting) and workplace accidents in the laboratory at Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar. Methodology: A descriptive analytical approach with a cross-sectional design was used, involving 110 laboratory staff selected through total sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed with the Chi-Square statistical test. Findings: A significant relationship was found between Training and workplace accidents (ρ = 0.041), while K3 Promotion (ρ = 0.141), Supervision (ρ = 0.153), Investigation (ρ = 0.575), and Reporting (ρ = 0.078) did not show significant associations. Implications: This study emphasizes the need to re-socialize OSH practices to all hospital staff, highlighting that work accidents should include all incidents, not just needle-stick injuries, and must be reported for preventive measures. Originality: This research offers new insights into the importance of training in improving OSH outcomes in hospital laboratories, providing valuable guidance for optimizing OSH management in healthcare settings.
The case for post-predictional modifications in the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database

AlphaFold2 has arrived to change workflows in structural biology, for good. However, the algorithm does not account for essential modifications that affect protein structure and function, which gives us only part of the picture. Here we  discuss how this omission can be addressed in a relatively straightforward manner, which leads to a complete structural  prediction of complex biomolecular systems.
INDIAN APPROACH TOWARDS RIGHT TO LIFE WITH REFERENCE TO WATER AND SANITATION

Water is the essence of life. It is the most substantial substance of earth. Living organism – be it plants or animals require water for survival. Non-availability of water is equal to denial of right to life. It is rightly said “no water – no life”. Hence, any disavowal of water would imply a denial of right to life. Closely connected to water is right to sanitation facilities. Water and sanitation are essentially about access to clean water, basic sanitation and good hygiene practices, all of which are essential to human development. People of various countries including India is facing water crisis and adequate sanitation facilities in different parts. The right to water and sanitation facilities are not enshrined in the Indian Constitution as an explicit Fundamental Right but the Indian Judiciary, both at the state as well as at the centre, has in several judgments interpreted Article 21 of the Constitution to include a right to clean and sufficient water, a right to adequate sanitation, a right to a decent and well life, a right to live with dignity and with peace, and a right to a humane and healthy environment which would certainly imply a right to water and sanitation to all the members of the society especially human beings. The government has schemes and policies to provide water and sanitation to their citizen as basic right for survival but there are reasons which shows that the people still faces some problem related to the water. The present article interwove right to clean water and sanitation with a base in human rights. It tries to include different existing perspectives regarding the impact of its international recognition as a human right and rights given under Indian Constitution. Through this paper author tries to discuss about the steps of judiciary related to the water and sanitation issues in India. Finally, author concludes the paper with the urgency and challenge of monitoring the human right to clean water and sanitation
The Pink Tax : An investigation of gender-based price discrimination in the Swedish market for personal hygiene products

This thesis aims to investigate the phenomenon popularly referred to as the pink tax, otherwise known as gender-based price discrimination in the Swedish hygiene product market. The subject is thoroughly researched in markets like the United States and the United Kingdom, where evidence has been found that a pink tax does exist. Thus, women tend to pay more for initially the same product than men, where seemingly, the only difference between the two is packaging and/or fragrance. The sample collection consists of five different product categories: razor blades, razors, shaving cream, deodorant, and soap. The samples have all been collected manually from 16 different locations, distributed at a 38 km radius between the area Skövde to Mariestad in Västra Götaland, Sweden.  Inspired by previous research, this study starts examining the market using a t-test. To further the investigation, two types of regression models are used. The findings support the possibility of a pink tax existing in the Swedish market. Where the largest and most stable regression showed a 4,1% difference in prices for female versus male products. Hence, women tend to pay 4,1% more for hygiene products and the research can conclude that prices are not statistically equal. From this result, we recommend the Swedish customer protection agency- Diskrimineringsombudmannen, to further work on the laws against price discrimination by clarification of guidelines and construction of a stricter legal environment to prevent gender-based price discrimination in the future.
Ethical Leadership Behavior of Managers’ and Nurses’ Perceptions of Organizational Justice

INTRODUCTION: The study was carried out in order to determine the ethical leadership behaviors of managers and the perceptions of nurses related to organizational justice. METHODS: The universe of this descriptive research was composed of 177 nurses, who were working in a University Hospital. Data were collected through Sociodemographic question form, Ethical Leadership Scale and Organizational Justice Perception Scale. Data, frequency, percentage, arithmetic mean and standard deviation were evaluated with Mann- Whitney U test, Kruskal -Wallis-H test and Spearman correlation analysis. RESULTS: According to the results, the average scores of ethical leadership scale and Organizational Justice Perception Scale of the responsible nurses were significantly higher than the clinical nurses (p&lt;0,05). There was a statistically significanty moderate and positive correlation between nurses’ average scores of Organizational Justice Perception Scale and Ethical Leadership Scale (r=0,645, p&lt;0,05) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In the study, it was concluded that the nurses found their managers ethical leadership behaviors at a medium level and that nurses’ perceptions of organizational justice are at a moderate level.
Monitoring compliance of African women’s human rights commitments by the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Since the adoption of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol), the African human rights system has undergone significant developments with regards to women’s rights. Despite the progress made in gender equality and addressing gender injustice through the ratification and domestication of women's human rights standards in national constitutions, laws, policies and institutions, women and girls in Africa continue to face human rights violations in all spheres of life. This article examines the jurisprudence of the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) and analyses the extent to which the Court ensures state compliance with and accountability for women’s rights in Africa. It argues that although the Maputo Protocol specifically clothes the African Court with the mandate to interpret its application and implementation, the inherent and structural design of the African Court, however, greatly limits the cases that can be filed before the Court to the detriment of women’s rights. This is because women’s rights, though justiciable before the African Court, in theory, are not so in practice as the form of the Court and the reliance of classical formal doctrines such as locus standi, objectivity, reasonable standards and the exhaustion of local remedies result in the exclusion of women’s rights cases before the Court.
POSITION AND RESPONSIBILITY OF THE STATE IN REGULATION OF THE RIGHT TO A HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT (CASE STUDY OF JOB CREATION ACT AND ENVIRONMENTAL LAW ENFORCEMENT)

This study seeks to examine the role and obligations of the state in overseeing the right to a healthy environment, particularly with the enforcement of Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation and pertinent Constitutional Court rulings. The right to a healthy environment is enshrined in the human rights provisions of the 1945 Constitution, therefore imposing a constitutional duty on the state to maintain equilibrium between economic progress and environmental conservation. The simplification of the environmental licensing process in the Job Creation Law has sparked discussion regarding the inadequate oversight of economic activities affecting the ecology. This study employs a normative legal methodology utilizing a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a case law approach. Data sources are from legislation, judicial rulings, and scientific publications pertinent to environmental policy. The study's findings indicate that the state has not effectively fulfilled its obligations in implementing environmental legislation, particularly on oversight, penalties for violations, and public engagement. The Constitutional Court ruling underscores the significance of transparency in environmental regulation; nonetheless, policy execution frequently prioritizes financial interests over sustainable environmental safeguarding.
Punishing Genocide: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Sentencing Laws and Practices at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), Rwandan Domestic Courts, and Gacaca Courts

This article compares sentencing of those convicted of participation in the 1994 genocide in Rwanda. With over one million people facing trial, Rwanda constitutes the world’s most comprehensive case of criminal accountability after genocide and presents an important case study of punishing genocide. Criminal courts at three different levels— international, domestic, and local—sought justice in the aftermath of the violence. In order to compare punishment at each level, we analyze an unprecedented database of sentences given by the ICTR, the Rwandan domestic courts, and Rwanda’s Gacaca courts. The analysis demonstrates that sentencing varied across the three levels—ranging from limited time in prison to death sentences. We likewise find that sentencing at the domestic courts appears to have been comparatively more serious than sentencing at the ICTR and at the Gacaca courts, which calls into question consistency of sentences across levels of justice and should be explored in future research.
The pp -> pp pi pi pi reaction channels in the threshold region

The cross section for prompt neutral and charged three pion production in pp interactions was measured at excess energies in the range 160 - 217 MeV. That comprises the first measurement of the pp->pp pi0pi0pi0 reaction and the comparison with the pp->pp pi+pi-pi0 reaction, in a very direct way. The experiment was performed above the eta meson production threshold and the cross section normalization was obtained from a concurrent measurement of the reaction pp->pp eta with the eta decaying into 3 pions. Since the same final states are selected, the measurement has a low systematical error. The measured cross section ratio sigma(pp->pp pi+pi-pi0)/sigma(pp->pp pi0\pi0\pi0) is compared to predictions of dominance of different isobars in the intermediate state.
Sustaining the Rule of Law

374 p.
The influence of feedback channel delay of servo motor control system on current loop bandwidth and dynamic response

Abstract                In the servo control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor, the current loop, as the innermost loop, has the greatest impact on the performance of the whole system. For many reasons, the delay time exists in the current loop. This paper focuses on the analysis of the less analyzed feedback channel delay in the previous papers, obtains the relationship between the feedback channel delay time and the current loop bandwidth, and compares the relationship between the forward channel delay time and the current loop bandwidth, and analyzes the relationship between the feedback channel delay and the current loop dynamic response, which provides a theoretical basis for the actual project to improve the current loop bandwidth.
TRANSPARÊNCIA, ACCOUNTABILITY E CORRUPÇÃO: UMA PERCEPÇÃO QUALITATIVA DA GOVERNANÇA PÚBLICA NO BRASIL E NA ÁFRICA DO SUL / TRANSPARENCY, ACCOUNTABILITY AND CORRUPTION: A QUALITATIVE PERCEPTION OF PUBLIC GOVERNANCE IN BRAZIL AND SOUTH AFRICA

O presente artigo tem como objetivo e fazer uma analise qualitativa da governanca publica, atraves das percepcoes com relacao a transparencia, a  accountability  e a corrupcao no Brasil e na Africa do Sul. Baseados nos dados de  Transparency Internacional  e  Worldwide Governance Indicators   of World Bank Institute,  a percepcao dos niveis de corrupcao no setor publico, com 38 pontos, o Brasil ocupa 94o no ranking mundial em 2020 e, a Africa do Sul, com 44 pontos obteve 69o no ranking, numa pontuacao de 0 a 100. Com relacao a  voice and accountability , de 1996 a 2019, o Brasil apresentou uma media de 0,43 e a Africa do Sul 0,66, numa escala de -2,5 a +2,5. Com relacao a  control of corruption , de 2014 a 2019, os resultados apontam para uma tendencia negativa para o Brasil e positiva para a Africa do Sul. Mesmo assim, pode-se delinear que, com relacao a percepcao da governanca publica no Brasil e na Africa do Sul, entende-se que os desafios sao enormes. Para superar esses desafios, e urgente o desenvolvimento de novos comportamentos sociais que valorize a coletividade e proporciona o surgimento das (novas) liderancas engajadas com uma interacao eficiente, efetiva e eficaz com a sociedade civil, e que busca aflorar um pensamento sistemico e cooperativo para resolver os problemas economicos e sociais. Para isso, e fundamental a participacao ativa da sociedade civil para reforcar o controle social e, com isso, cristalizar a imprescindivel importância da governanca publica.