ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Efficient AutoML Pipeline Search with Matrix and Tensor Factorization

Data scientists seeking a good supervised learning model on a new dataset have many choices to make: they must preprocess the data, select features, possibly reduce the dimension, select an estimation algorithm, and choose hyperparameters for each of these pipeline components. With new pipeline components comes a combinatorial explosion in the number of choices! In this work, we design a new AutoML system to address this challenge: an automated system to design a supervised learning pipeline. Our system uses matrix and tensor factorization as surrogate models to model the combinatorial pipeline search space. Under these models, we develop greedy experiment design protocols to efficiently gather information about a new dataset. Experiments on large corpora of real-world classification problems demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Policy and Practical Considerations in Land-Use Strategies for Biodiversity Conservation

Much attention has been given to the issues of sustainable use, sustainable development, and biodiversity conservation, as well as to the relationships among them. Some observers express a sense of optimism that implementing sustainable activities worldwide will lead to the conservation of biodiversity. In the popular media, there are examples almost daily of conservation success stories. But publicity for conservation and attention on biodiversity are being mistaken for solutions. What is perhaps more sobering than equating publicity with actions, or actions with solutions, is that the entire rubric of sustainability, in the rural context, has a set of questionable assumptions that underlies the portfolio of activities being implemented to conserve biodiversity. These assumptions have had a major impact in shaping the range of activities that have been developed to address the conservation of biodiversity— from policies (such as the Biodiversity Convention adopted at the 1992 Earth Summit) to projects implemented by conservation and development organizations worldwide (such as the Global Environmental Facility). The questionable assumptions fit into the following seven broad categories: • Method. Biodiversity conservation can best be accomplished through field-based activities, such as establishing parks and reserves. • Use. Sustainable use is possible under a variety of management regimes ranging from private to communal. Dependence on wildlands resources is most likely to ensure their long-term conservation. • Incentives. Appropriate sets of incentives can be readily defined and will influence people to conserve biodiversity. • Management. Management should be devolved to local control whenever possible. • Technology. Technical and organizational solutions exist to improve resource management and production activities in areas with great biodiversity. • Poverty Mitigation and Development. Rural poverty-mitigation and development strategies will lead to conservation and maintain biodiversity. • Social. Local people are cooperative and live in harmony with one another and with nature. These assumptions, and their implications, are increasingly being questioned as concern mounts that their implementation may lead to serious loss of biodiversity (see Ludwig et al., 1993; Robinson, 1993).
AlphaFold's Revolution: How AI-Driven Protein Structure Prediction is Reshaping Structural Biology and Accelerating Drug Development

Published on Rasit Dinc Digital Health & AI Research. Category: Medical Imaging AI. Word count: 842.
The Role of Advisory Centre on World Trade Organization Law (ACWL) in Supporting Developing Countries Regarding the Dispute Settlement Mechanism

Establishment of the WTO is considered as a greatest achievement for enhancing global trade at the end of the last century. The organization has designed a mechanism for solving trade disputed between members of the WTO peacefully. This mechanism is called dispute settlement mechanism and it governs by an independent board which is known as dispute settlement body. However, because there is not a same legal and financial capacity between developed and developing nations for involving this mechanism, the WTO has provided special rules to support developing nations. The organizing also created the Advisory Centre on World Trade Organization Law (ACWL) to maintain balance between its members. Since 2001, the ACWL has offered legal aid in three different areas which are Legal advice, Training activities and Dispute Settlement Support. The aim of this paper is to evaluate ACWL’s role regarding offering legal advice and its trainings. It also examines ACWL’s role in supporting developing and LCDs regarding dispute settlement mechanism.
Underwater image enhancement using improved generative adversarial network

SummaryThe generative adversarial network is widely used in image generation, and the generation of images with different styles is applied to underwater image enhancement. The existing underwater image generative adversarial network does not realize color correction when processing underwater images Therefore, we propose an improved generative adversarial network for image color restoration. Firstly, the loss function in the network is improved to train the dataset. Then the improved network is used to detect the underwater image. After network testing, the underwater image is more satisfactory than the traditional image. Numerical results show that this method has a good color restoration and sharpening effects.
One Health Field Approach Applied to Leptospirosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Across Humans, Animals and the Environment

Abstract                                   Background                   Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis transmitted through urine of infected hosts or contaminated environments. The transmission of bacteria between humans, animals, and the environment underscores the necessity of a One Health approach.                                                   Methods                   We conducted a systematic review to identify significant findings and challenges in One Health research on leptospirosis, focusing on studies involving sampling in ≥2 of the 3 compartments: human, animal, and environment. We searched in PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect from 1 January 1918 to 31 December 2022. We assessed risk of bias in studies using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and performed a meta-analysis to identify links between One Health compartments.                                                   Results                   Of 1082 leptospirosis studies with sampling, 102 multicompartmental studies conducted between 1972 and 2022 were included: 70 human-Animal, 18 animal-environment, 4 human-environment, and 10 across all compartments. Various methodological weaknesses were identified, from study design to statistical analysis. Meta-regressions identified positive associations between human and animal seroprevalences, particularly with livestock and with wild nonrodent animals, and a link between the environmental positivity rate and domestic animal seroprevalence. Our analysis was constrained by the limited number of studies included and by the quality of protocols.                                                   Conclusions                   This 50-year overview of One Health field approach to leptospirosis highlights the critical need for more robust, well-supported One Health research to clarify the transmission dynamics and identify risk factors of zoonoses.
Radio detection of ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray air showers

Abstract           Radio antennas have become a standard tool for the detection of cosmic-ray air showers in the energy range above                                 $$10^{16}\,$$                                                                                10                       16                                                                                                          eV. The radio signal of these air showers is generated mostly due to the deflection of electrons and positrons in the geomagnetic field, and contains information about the energy and the depth of the maximum of the air showers. Unlike the traditional air-Cherenkov and air-fluorescence techniques for the electromagnetic shower component, radio detection is not restricted to clear nights, and recent experiments have demonstrated that the measurement accuracy can compete with these traditional techniques. Numerous particle detector arrays for air showers have thus been or will be complemented by radio antennas. In particular when combined with muon detectors, the complementary information provided by the radio antennas can enhance the total accuracy for the arrival direction, energy and mass of the primary cosmic rays. Digitization and computational techniques have been crucial for this recent progress, and radio detection will play an important role in next-generation experiments for ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays. Moreover, stand-alone radio experiments are under development and will search for ultrahigh-energy photons and neutrinos in addition to cosmic rays. This article provides a brief introduction to the physics of the radio emission of air showers, an overview of air-shower observatories using radio antennas, and highlights some of their recent results.
Measuring Personality Using Emojis: Creating a Traits Assessment Tool on Emoji Material

Background. Emoji appeared as a way to compensate the lack of non-verbal cues in computer-mediated communication. Today, they have become the most popular cultural tool of expressing meanings on the Internet. It is widely used by 95% of users, which makes them related to natural languages. In this paper, we considering one of the possible ways to use emojis as the basis for personality taxonomies in the framework of the lexical models such as Big Five and HEXACO. Objective. The aim of this study is to select and factorize emojis in search of personality indicators which can be operationalised into a modern methodology for measuring traits. Study Participants. The study involved 761 respondents aged from 18 to 53 years. Methods. Each respondent rated their personality using 156 emojis with a specially adapted instruction from the Brief Big Five Inventory (BFI-2), and then completed instruments assessing basic personality traits and emotional state: the Big Five, the Dark Tetrad, and the Positive and Negative Affect Scales (PANAS). Results. Exploratory factor analysis revealed an eight-factor structure of emojis that reflect a range of personality traits. The eight most loaded emoji on each factor were chosen for creating traits scales. Emoji scales showed great internal consistency ranging from 0.79 to 0.93 and were statistically significantly related with different Big Five, Dark Triad traits and PANAS affect measures. Conclusion. The final eight-factor emoji model requires further replication to confirm its structure. Nevertheless, the emoji traits assessment tool based on this model showed good validity and reliability, therefore it may be recommended for use in a pilot format as one of the ways to measure personality traits.
Nonlinear Distortion Equalization in Multi‐Span Optical Links Via a Feed‐Forward Photonic Neural Network

Abstract                   Linear and nonlinear distortions in optical communication signals are equalized using an integrated feed‐forward Photonic Neural Network (PNN). The PNN is based on a linear stage made of an 8‐tap Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter, featuring tunable amplitude and phase weights at each tap, and of a nonlinear stage achieved through the square modulus operation at the end‐of‐line photodetector. Within an Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection (IMDD) system, the PNN is applied to two‐level Pulse Amplitude Modulated (PAM2) optical signals undergoing multi‐span propagation. Each 50 km segment includes fiber transmission, optical power restoration, and optional chromatic dispersion compensation via a Tunable Dispersion Compensator. Positioned at the receiver, the PNN enables fully optical signal processing with minimal latency and power consumption. Experimental validation is conducted using a Silicon‐On‐Insulator device operating on 10 Gbps signals. It demonstrates chromatic dispersion equalization over distances up to 200 km and self‐phase modulation (with dispersion removed) up to 450 km. Simulations explore PNN adaptation for 100 Gbps modulations and its potential for cross‐phase modulation equalization.
Single-crystal nickel-rich layered-oxide battery cathode materials: synthesis, electrochemistry, and intra-granular fracture

Abstract   Electro-mechanical degradation is commonly observed in various battery electrode materials, which are often prepared as polycrystalline particles consisting of nanoscale primary grains. The anisotropic volume change during lithium extraction/insertion makes these materials intrinsically vulnerable to grain-boundary (inter-granular) fracture that leads to rapid impedance growth and capacity decay. Here, guided by fracture mechanics analysis, we synthesize microsized single-crystal Ni-rich layered-oxide (NMC) cathode materials via an industrially-applicable molten-salt approach. Using single-crystal LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 as a model material, we show that the cycle performance of the Ni-rich NMC can be significantly improved by eliminating the internal grain boundaries and inter-granular fracture. The single-crystal LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 cathodes show high specific capacity (183 ​mAh g−1 ​at 0.1 ​C rate, 4.3–2.8 ​V) and excellent capacity retention (94% after 300 cycles at 1C/1C cycling). Further, it is confirmed for the first time that the single-crystal LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 particles are stable against intra-granular fracture as well under normal operating conditions but do crack if severely overcharged. Electrochemical-shock resistant single-crystal NMC reveals an alternative path towards developing better battery cathode materials, beyond the traditional one built upon polycrystalline NMC.
Decoding the Carbonatite and Clinopyroxenite Association at Hogenakkal, India: Insights into U–Pb Monazite Geochronology, <i>In situ</i> Trace Element, and Sr-C-O Isotope Geochemistry

Abstract                The Paleoproterozoic Hogenakkal complex (India) consists of carbonatites and clinopyroxenite emplaced within granulite country rocks. U–Pb monazite ages (~2.49 Ga) suggests that the carbonatites were emplaced in a post-collisional setting following arc magmatism and collision events between the Western Dharwar Craton and the Biligiri Rangan block (Southern Granulite Terrane). The carbonatites are of two distinct types: silicate-rich, xenolith-bearing early carbonatite-I, and silicate-poor late carbonatite-II. The absence of alkaline silicate rocks combined with the lack of compositional evolution and the presence of xenocrystal clinopyroxene, together with differing Sr isotopic signatures between clinopyroxenite (clinopyroxene: 0.70147 ± 0.00021; 2σ, n = 19) and carbonatite (apatite: 0.70175 ± 0.00015; 2σ, n = 17) suggests that these lithologies were not derived from a common carbonate-bearing alkaline silicate magma or represent an antiskarn. Additionally, the C–O isotopic signature (δ13C = −5.56 to −8.02‰; δ18O = 9.50–9.90‰) combined with the absence of dolomite and primary Fe–Mg silicates suggests that the carbonatites originated from mantle-derived calcitic magma, possibly by partial melting of a carbonated eclogite source. Subsequent to emplacement there was extensive phlogopitization of the pre-existing clinopyroxenite. Magmatic-to-carbohydrothermal evolution is governed by fractionation of magmatic calcite (Cal-1a) and apatite (Ap-1a), as well as interactions between the carbonatite and pre-existing clinopyroxenite and K-feldspar pegmatite. These processes collectively controlled the formation of lithology-specific REE mineralization. In carbonatite-I, the magmatic stage begins with the crystallization of LREE-rich calcite (Cal-1a) [(La/Yb)Cn: 18–36] and apatite (Ap-1a) [(La/Yb)Cn: 45–98]. The transition to the late-magmatic-to-carbohydrothermal stage involved the formation of phlogopite, actinolite, and allanite-(Ce), which co-precipitated with LREE-depleted Cal-1b [(La/Yb)Cn: 0.6–5.8] and Ap-1b [(La/Yb)Cn: 11–31]. Carbonatite-II has high REE and Sr enrichment, with REE-rich Ap-2 and Sr-REE mineralization, including celestine, monazite-(Ce), and hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce). During the carbohydrothermal stage, LREE-depleted Cal-2 [(La/Yb)Cn: 1.6–6.1] crystallizes together with intergrowths of monazite-(Ce), celestine, and hydroxylbastnäsite-(Ce), and monazite-(Ce) rims on Ap-2. Externally derived hydrothermal fluids overprint the carbohydrothermal assemblage within carbonatite-I, clinopyroxenite, and K-feldspar pegmatites, forming Sr-LREE-poor Cal-3 [(La/Yb)Cn &amp;lt; 1], REE-Sr-bearing epidote, LREE-depleted Ap-3 [(La/Yb)Cn: 0.7–6.2], allanite-(Ce), and actinolite. Elevated δ18O (11.50‰), radiogenic Sr in calcite and some apatite (particularly Cal-3 and Ap-3), combined with prominent negative-Ce anomalies in Cal-3, indicate the involvement of low temperature, externally derived oxidizing hydrothermal fluids.
The urgency of the Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission’s report and IPBES transformations versus the ongoing Z transformation: the need to soften the human sustainability boundaries

Abstract                   The Lancet Planetary Health–Earth Commission’s report proposes the translation of safe and just Earth-system boundaries across scales, transitions and transformations as being necessary to create a durable pathway to sustainability. Here we address the willingness and engagement of individual people to understand, feel the value, and implement the totality of its recommended transformations. We adopt an approach based on inner dimensions of sustainability. This depends on seven human critical determinants that we believe can act as human sustainability boundaries (HSB), but can be suitably softened. We conclude that the required softening of HSBs is unlikely to be successful without phasing down the current counter-sustainability Z transformation. This is an heir of the Neolithic and Industrial Revolutions, but has acquired its own powerful identity, and is apparently unable to deliver sustainability.
THE JUDICIAL INTERDICTION. SPECIAL REVIEW ON THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT

Prior to the entry into force of the new Codes, Civil and Civil Procedure, the institution of judicial interdiction was regulated in terms of substantive conditions and effects, by Title III, Chapter 2, Articles 142 - 151 of the Family Code, and the interdiction procedure was regulated in Chapter 3, first section, Articles 30 - 35 of Decree no. 32/1954 for the implementation of the Family Code and the Decree on natural and legal persons. Currently, the seat of the matter is, in terms of substantive conditions and effects in Book I, Title III, Chapter III, Articles 164 - 177 of the Civil Code, and in terms of procedural conditions in Book VI, Title II, Articles 936 - 943 of the Code of Civil Procedure, in essence the current legal provisions resuming the old regulation in the matter. In this study, we set out to analyze the substantive rules and procedure of judicial interdiction, as well as an examination of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court in the matter. From the short list of decisions of the Constitutional Court regarding the judicial interdiction, of particular interest is the recent Decision no. 601 of July 16, 2020 regarding the exception of unconstitutionality of the provisions of Article 164 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, published in the Official Gazette of Romania no. 88 of January 27, 2021.
AI-Powered Surveillance vs. Privacy Rights: Striking the Right Balance

Artificial intelligence (AI) implementations in surveillance technology keep advancing rapidly, making privacy debates about individual rights more intense globally. Computer systems that use AI surveillance technology create better security but nurture law enforcement activities and quick threat recognition capabilities alongside major moral and judicial problems about big data gathering, confused facial detection systems, discriminatory practices, and constitutional rights violations. The research examines how artificial intelligence-based surveillance functions as both helpful and harmful when viewed from multiple viewpoints, which study technological features, human rights protections, regulatory structures, and public social attitudes. Numerous case studies, legal files, and policy documents undergo a thorough systematic research analysis to examine diverse jurisdictional approaches to balance public safety interests with individual freedom protection through a methodology that compares different responses. The research leads to a vital discovery that privacy protection against security threats needs a regulatory balance using transparent, responsible safeguards for technology fairness. The author adds to the ongoing debate with a proposed surveillance governance framework that delivers ethical compliance, legal integrity, and societal trust.
The Effect of Implementing 3S (SIND, SINO, SINI)-based Orthopedic Nursing Care Instrument in Improving Nursing Service Quality and Patient Safety in Indonesia Hospital

Along with the increasing of orthopedic disorders incidence, the provision of orthopedic nursing care in Indonesia is also increasing. The Indonesian National Nurses Association (INNA) has published nursing care standards as a reference for nurses in providing nursing care and standardizing nursing care terminologies. Standard-based orthopedic nursing care instruments have been developed, but their effectiveness has not been investigated in improving the quality of nursing services and patient safety. This study aimed to identify the effect of the application of 3S-based Orthopedic Nursing Care (3S-ONC) on the quality of nursing services and patient safety. Descriptive quantitative analysis using a quasi-experimental method with a pretest and posttest with control group design, involving 106 respondents (53 control, 53 intervention), recruited by purposive sampling technique. In the intervention group, nurses provided nursing care by applying the 3S-based Orthopedic Nursing Care (3S-ONC) instrument. The study showed that in both groups, most of the nurses were in the early adult category, dominated by female sex and most of them had professional education level. There were significant differences in the quality of nursing services (p 0.046; α 0.05) and patient safety (p 0.000; α 0.05) between the intervention group and the control group after the application of the 3S-ONC instrument. The 3S-ONC instrument can improve the quality of nursing services and the safety of patients with orthopedic disorders in hospitals.The 3S-ONC instrument can be considered for the development of a paper-based or computer-based nursing care documentation system to further improve the quality of nursing services and patient safety in healthcare facilities, especially in hospital.