ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Integrated Pest Management Strategies for Controlling Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta: Advances in Biological, Pheromone, and Cultural Control Methods

The tomato leaf miner, Phthorimaea (Tuta) absoluta, Meyrick 1917 is recognized as a highly destructive pest, causing significant economic losses to crops in both greenhouse and open field environments across four continents: Asia, Africa, Europe, and South America. High genetic homogeneity among populations from various regions and countries indicates significant gene flow between P. absoluta populations, suggesting a lack of geographical barriers to dispersion. Furthermore, P. absoluta has developed resistance to insecticides due to target-site mutations or metabolic resistance, which enable the insect to withstand lethal doses of insecticides. To control this insect pest, the plant-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) is most promising host-induced gene silencing technique, utilized the plant’s machinery to express double-stranded (dsRNA), which triggers the RNAi pathway in P. absoluta. Due to thermal tolerance, the P. absoluta has increased its area of invasion by 600 km per year over 9 years. Female P. absoluta releases pheromones that are recognized by males with a sophisticated olfactory circuit on their antenna. Pheromone binding proteins (PBPs) play a crucial role in mate recognition and attraction, and their expression peaks during courtship, specifically around 6:00 a.m. Given its potential to significantly alter the insect genome, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) offer a revolutionary strategy to control P. absoluta. Furthermore, this pest has developed remarkable adaptations to survive on unfavorable hosts by secreting specific proteins from its salivary glands that detoxify plant defenses. Insecticide resistance is likely the cause of field control failures of P. absoluta. Biological control, sex pheromone traps, and cultural control are the most promising approaches to address insecticide resistance resulting from these failures. Therefore, the implementation of integrated control programs and appropriate resistance management strategies is necessary to keep P. absoluta infestations under economic damage thresholds.
Large Language Models as Oracles for Ontology Alignment

There are many methods and systems to tackle the ontology alignment problem, yet a major challenge persists in producing high-quality mappings among a set of input ontologies. Adopting a human-in-the-loop approach during the alignment process has become essential in applications requiring very accurate mappings. However, user involvement is expensive when dealing with large ontologies. In this paper, we analyse the feasibility of using Large Language Models (LLM) to aid the ontology alignment problem. LLMs are used only in the validation of a subset of correspondences for which there is high uncertainty. We have conducted an extensive analysis over several tasks of the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI), reporting in this paper the performance of several state-of-the-art LLMs using different prompt templates. Using LLMs as Oracles resulted in strong performance in the OAEI 2025, achieving the top-2 overall rank in the bio-ml track.
Exploring the Role of Social Science Education as a Tool for Peace-Building and Conflict Resolution Among Youths in Kano Metropolis

This study examined the role of social science education in promoting peace-building and conflict resolution among youths in Kano Metropolis. A convergent mixed-methods design was employed, with quantitative data from 320 youths selected through stratified random sampling across eight local government areas, and qualitative insights from 20 key informant interviews. Guided by Bandura’s Social Learning Theory (1977), findings showed that social science education is widely perceived as effective in mitigating social vices (Mean scores 3.30–3.56). However, gaps emerged in practical conflict-resolution skills (Mean = 2.63) and teaching methods (Mean = 2.66), t-test analysis revealed significant gender differences in perceptions of teaching strategies (t = 2.145, p = 0.033) and the deterrent effect on political thuggery (t = 2.001, p = 0.046). Instrument validity was ensured through expert review and pilot testing was conducted using 30 participants, while reliability was confirmed with a Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.81. The study concludes that social science education is a promising but underutilized peace-building tool, requiring participatory pedagogy, gender-sensitive approaches, and stronger community integration.
Metagenomic analysis of the intestinal microbiome in Zebrafish

The relationship between specific bacterial phyla and obesity is complex, and research in this area is still evolving. While the composition of the gut microbiota has been associated with obesity, it's important to note that the field is characterized by individual variation and that many factors contribute to an individual's overall health and weight. That being said, some studies have suggested associations between certain bacterial phyla and obesity. One common finding is an imbalance in the relative abundance of two major bacterial phyla: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Firmicutes: Some studies have reported an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes in individuals with obesity. Firmicutes are known for their ability to extract energy from complex carbohydrates, potentially contributing to increased calorie absorption. Bacteroidetes: Conversely, a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroidetes has been observed in some studies of individuals with obesity. Bacteroidetes are associated with the breakdown of complex carbohydrates and the production of short-chain fatty acids. It's important to recognize that these associations are general trends and do not imply causation. The idea that a particular phylum directly ii promotes obesity oversimplifies the complex interactions within the gut microbiome and the factors influencing obesity. Furthermore, individual responses to diet, lifestyle, and other environmental factors can vary widely. Factors such as the diversity and specific strains of bacteria within these phyla, as well as other microbial and host factors, also play a role. Research in this area is ongoing, and the scientific community continues to investigate the nuanced relationships between the gut microbiota and obesity. Additionally, recent research has shifted towards focusing on microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, as key players in influencing host metabolism and health. In conclusion, while there are associations between certain bacterial phyla and obesity, it is an oversimplification to attribute obesity solely to the abundance of specific bacteria. The interplay between the gut microbiota and obesity is multifaceted and influenced by various factors, and the field is still uncovering the intricacies of these relation
The Right to Water and Sanitation in Ecuador: Progress, Limitations, and Challenges

An engineer friend of mine, who knows a lot of those things, told me the other day that the only thing that can be made from the top are water wells, everything else is made from the bottom. —Eduardo Galeano
Sodium batteries and sodium-ion batteries, a new family of rechargeable batteries : synthesis and electrochemistry of new high performance electrode materials

Since commercialization, Li-ion batteries have been playing an important role as power source for portable electronic devices because of high gravimetric, volumetric capacity and high voltage. Furthermore, the lithium-ion technology is best suited for large-scale application, such as electric vehicles, which poses a resource problem and ultimately cost. On the contrary, sodium is a most abundant element, inexpensive and similarly properties as lithium. In order to solve the problem of lithium raw resource, sodium is proposed as a solution for next generation power source storage. This work investigates the potential derivative vanadium pentoxide materials as sodium intercalation compounds: the V2O5 reference compound, the promizing potassium bronze K0,5V2O5, ε'-V2O5, as well as a lamellar manganese oxide: the sol-gel birnessite and its doped cobalt form. The structure-electrochemistry relationships are clarified through a study combining electrochemical properties, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy of materials at different insertion rate, end of the reaction and after galvanostatic cycling. New phases are highlighted and specific capacities between 100 and 160 mAh / g in the field of 4V-1V potential can be obtained with sometimes remarkably stable as in the case of NaV2O5 and ε'-V2O5
Personalized TV and content recommender : collaborative filtering in recommender systems

Validerat; 20101217 (root)
Mean Field Dynamo Saturation: Toward Understanding Conflicting Results

Mean field dynamos may explain the origin of large scale magnetic fields of galaxies, but controversy arises over the extent of dynamo quenching by the growing field. Here we explain how apparently conflicting results may be mutually consistent, by showing the role of magnetic helicity conservation and boundary terms usually neglected. We estimate the associated magnetic energy flowing out of the Galaxy but emphasize that the mechanism of field escape needs to be addressed.
Acupuncture for combat post-traumatic stress disorder: trial development and methodological approach for a randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract                 Background                 Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant public health problem, affecting approximately 7% of the general population and 13–18% of the combat Veteran population. The first study using acupuncture for PTSD in a civilian population showed large pre- to post-treatment effects for an empirically developed verum protocol, which was equivalent to group cognitive behavior therapy and superior to a wait-list control. The primary objective of this study is to determine both clinical and biological effects of verum acupuncture for combat-related PTSD in treatment-seeking US Veterans.                                Methods                 This is a two-arm, parallel-group, prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. The experimental condition is verum acupuncture and the placebo control is sham (minimal) acupuncture in 1-h sessions, twice a week for 12 weeks. Ninety subjects will provide adequate power and will be allocated to group by an adaptive randomization procedure. The primary outcome is change in PTSD symptom severity from pre- to post-treatment. The secondary biological outcome is change from pre- to post-treatment in psychophysiological response, startle by electromyographic (EMG) eyeblink. Assessments will be conducted at pre-, mid-, post-, and 1-month post-treatment, blind to group allocation. Intent-to-treat analyses will be conducted.                                Discussion                 The study results will be definitive because both clinical and biological outcomes will be assessed and correlated. Issues such as the number needed for recruitment and improvement, use of sham acupuncture, choice of biological measure, and future research need will be discussed.                                Trial registration                 ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02869646. Registered on 17 August 2016.
Interactions Between Dark Matter and Dark Energy: Simulations and Cosmological Implications

Understanding the evolution of the universe is deeply rooted in ex-ploring the intricate interplay between dark matter and vacuum energy.While traditional cosmology treats these components as independent, newframeworks propose dynamic interactions that transcend the standardCDM paradigm. This idea is compelling because it challenges the no-tion of a static vacuum energy and introduces a fluid, evolving pictureof the cosmos, where energy exchange between dark matter and vacuumenergy influences cosmic transitions, structure formation, and expansiondynamics.This approach is significant for several reasons. First, it provides aunifying perspective that links the universe’s accelerating expansion withthe growth of large-scale structures, bridging two seemingly disparate phe-nomena under a single theoretical framework. Second, by incorporatinginteractions, we can address persistent tensions in cosmology, such as dis-crepancies in the Hubble constant, which traditional models struggle toresolve. Finally, this theory opens a new avenue for testing cosmologicalpredictions through observational data, including gravitational lensing,fast radio bursts, and galaxy clustering.The abstract nature of this idea is its strength it invites a reconsid-eration of the fundamental forces shaping the cosmos, positioning darkmatter and vacuum energy not as isolated entities but as dynamic, in-terdependent agents. By embracing this conceptual shift, we not onlyrefine our understanding of the universe’s past and future but also createa fertile ground for theoretical and observational breakthroughs.
Advancing One human–animal–environment Health for global health security: what does the evidence say?

In this Series paper, we review the contributions of One Health approaches (ie, at the human-animal-environment interface) to improve global health security across a range of health hazards and we summarise contemporary evidence of incremental benefits of a One Health approach. We assessed how One Health approaches were reported to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the UN, the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH, formerly OIE), and WHO, within the monitoring and assessment frameworks, including WHO International Health Regulations (2005) and WOAH Performance of Veterinary Services. We reviewed One Health theoretical foundations, methods, and case studies. Examples from joint health services and infrastructure, surveillance-response systems, surveillance of antimicrobial resistance, food safety and security, environmental hazards, water and sanitation, and zoonoses control clearly show incremental benefits of One Health approaches. One Health approaches appear to be most effective and sustainable in the prevention, preparedness, and early detection and investigation of evolving risks and hazards; the evidence base for their application is strongest in the control of endemic and neglected tropical diseases. For benefits to be maximised and extended, improved One Health operationalisation is needed by strengthening multisectoral coordination mechanisms at national, regional, and global levels.
Projecting Malaria Incidence Based on Climate Change Modeling Approach: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: Climate change will affect the transmission of malaria by shifting the geographical space of the vector. AIM: The review aims to examine the climate change modeling approach and climatic variables used for malaria projection. METHODS: Articles were systematically searched from four databases, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and SAGE. The PICO concept was used for formulation search and PRISMA approach to identify the final articles. RESULTS: A total of 27 articles were retrieved and reviewed. There were six climate factors identified in this review: Temperature, rainfall/precipitation, humidity, wind, solar radiation, and climate change scenarios. Modeling approaches used to project future malarial trend includes mathematical and computational approach. CONCLUSION: This review provides robust evidence of an association between the impact of climate change and malaria incidence. Prediction on seasonal patterns would be useful for malaria surveillance in public health prevention and mitigation strategies.
Enhancing Drought Risk Monitoring for Disaster Risk Reduction: Innovations in the Africa Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Action System (AMHEWAS)

We present a novel implementation of the impact-based drought monitoring and early warning component of the Africa Multi-Hazard Early Warning and Action System for Disaster Risk Reduction (AMHEWAS for DRR). AMHEWAS is a collaborative initiative led by the African Union Commission (AUC), in partnership with Regional Economic Communities, Member States, and with the technical and scientific expertise of UNDRR and CIMA Research Foundation. Its goal is to enhance Africa's resilience to natural hazards. The system adopts a comprehensive, multi-scale framework, integrating efforts at continental, regional, and national levels to strengthen early warning systems and advance disaster risk management strategies.A key component of AMHEWAS is the Continental Watch (CW), an impact-based bulletin focused on rain, wind, flood, and drought hazards. The CW contains advisories on the levels of potential disaster impacts and is used by the African Union Commission to alert national authorities about potential threats. The CW consolidates data from automated monitoring and forecasting systems, providing decision-makers across Africa with timely, actionable information. This enables proactive interventions to reduce the potential impacts of disasters.The drought bulletin, released to interested parties monthly, monitors drought hazard in near-real time at the continental scale. It uses openly available datasets to evaluate emerging drought conditions at different time scales, to ensure a diverse range of potential impacts is captured in the bulletin. For short-time drought evaluation (1-3 months), the Combined Drought Indicator (CDI) is used as hazard indicator, whereas for longer timescales, a 12-month Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI12) is used.Hazard information from these indicators is paired with tailored layers for exposure and vulnerability to evaluate emerging potential drought impacts in various sectors. Results are presented monthly in the bulletin for the entire African continent and are aggregated at national and sub-national scales.
FACER: comprehensive molecular and functional characterization of epigenetic chromatin regulators

Epigenetic alterations, a well-recognized cancer hallmark, are driven by chromatin regulators (CRs). However, little is known about the extent of CR deregulation in cancer, and less is known about their common and specialized roles across various cancers. Here, we performed genome-wide analyses and constructed molecular signatures and network profiles of functional CRs in over 10 000 tumors across 33 cancer types. By integration of DNA mutation, genome-wide methylation, transcriptional/post-transcriptional regulation, and protein interaction networks with clinical outcomes, we identified CRs associated with cancer subtypes and clinical prognosis as potential oncogenic drivers. Comparative network analysis revealed principles of CR regulatory specificity and functionality. In addition, we identified common and specific CRs by assessing their prevalence across cancer types. Common CRs tend to be histone modifiers and chromatin remodelers with fundamental roles, whereas specialized CRs are involved in context-dependent functions. Finally, we have made a user-friendly web interface-FACER (Functional Atlas of Chromatin Epigenetic Regulators) available for exploring clinically relevant CRs for the development of CR biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Our integrative analysis reveals specific determinants of CRs across cancer types and presents a resource for investigating disease-associated CRs.
The Potential of Stem Cell Therapy in Regenerative Medicine and Injury Recovery

Synthetic molecules derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and from MSC-derived exosomes show promise as regenerative potential for tissue repair and wound healing. MSCs are multipotent and can differentiate into different cell types, the effect of which is enhanced through exosomes, via paracrine signalling. Guillamat-Prats (2021) concludes recent studies have shown that MSCs can accelerate wound healing by up to 50% compared to control groups, and that MSC derived exosomes have doubled cellular migration and collagen deposition in vitro. Additionally, MSC therapies have been able to dramatically decrease inflammatory cytokines like TNFα and IL6 by up to 40%, leading to a more environmentally favorable healing milieu (Lee et al., 2023). The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of MSC and MSC derived exosome treatments on wound healing, specifically enhanced regenerative properties and immune modulation of MSC exosomes. Although results were subjective, histological analysis showed that the highest improvement in wound closure was achieved with MSC+Exosome treatments, which healed over 95% after 14 days, while control groups healed 60%. Finally, the study demonstrates the utility of exosome based delivery systems for targeted, efficient and off target effect free tissue repair. The results are encouraging, but there are still challenges, including scalability and immune rejection, and future research will be aimed at improving the isolation of exosomes and studying MSC based therapies for chronic wound management, cartilage regeneration and neurodegenerative disease.
Evaluating Health Insurance Coverage's Impact on Essential Medicines Access Among Urban Residents in Tanzania

This study examines how health insurance coverage affects urban residents' access to essential medicines in Tanzania. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including surveys and focus group discussions. Data from - was analysed to assess the relationship between insurance coverage and medicine accessibility. Findings indicate that health insurance significantly improved access to essential medicines among urban residents, with a 45% increase in medication availability for those insured compared to non-insured individuals. However, there were disparities based on income level and specific medical needs. Health insurance coverage played a crucial role in enhancing the accessibility of essential medications for urban Tanzanians, although further targeted interventions are needed to address inequities. Public health initiatives should prioritise expanding health insurance coverage while also addressing socioeconomic factors that influence medicine access. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.
Fragility Modeling of Power Grid Infrastructure for Addressing Climate Change Risks and Adaptation

The resilience of electric power grids is threatened by natural hazards. Climate-related hazards are becoming more frequent and intense due to climate change. Statistical analyses clearly demonstrate a rise in the number of incidents (power failures) and their consequences in recent years. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand and quantify the resilience of the infrastructure to external stressors, which is essential for developing efficient climate change adaptation strategies. To accomplish this, robust fragility and other vulnerability models are necessary. These models are employed to assess the level of asset damage and to quantify losses for given hazard intensity measures. In this context, a comprehensive literature review is carried out to shed light on existing fragility models specific to the transmission network, distribution network, and substations. The review is organized into three main sections: damage assessment, fragility curves, and recommendations for climate change adaptation. The first section provides a comprehensive review of past incidents, their causes, and failure modes. The second section reviews analytical and empirical fragility models, emphasizing the need for further research on compound and non-compound hazards, especially windstorms, floods, lightning, and wildfires. Finally, the third section examines risk mitigation and adaptation strategies in the context of climate change. This review aims to improve the understanding of approaches to enhance the resilience of power grid assets in the face of climate change. These insights are valuable to various stakeholders, including risk analysts and policymakers, who are involved in risk modeling and developing adaptation strategies.