ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Hydrochemistry and isotope hydrology of groundwater and surface water in the Sor and Gebba watershed, southwestern Ethiopia

AbstractThe Sor and Gebba watershed plays a crucial role in the water resources of the Baro-Akobo River Basin. However, various factors have had a detrimental effect on the watershed. Unplanned groundwater extraction, wetland drainage, surface water pollution, and land use changes have all intensified due to population growth, urbanization, commercial farms, industrial development, poor water resources management, and improvements in living standards. This research utilized major hydrochemical ions and environmentally stable isotopes to elucidate the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the watershed, which are reliable tracers in various hydrologic processes. During the 2020 wet season and 2022 dry season, over 25 meteoric water samples were collected from different locations for hydrochemical and isotopic analysis. The hydrochemical analysis revealed that the dominant water type is Ca–Mg–HCO3−. Among the anions, HCO3− was the most dominant, followed by NO3−, Cl−, and SO42−, and those of cations Ca2+, followed by Na+, Mg2+, and K+. The spatial analysis of environmentally stable isotopes confirmed the interaction between groundwater and surface water in the watershed. The quality of groundwater is primarily influenced by rock-water interaction (Gibb's diagram) and, to some extent, by evaporation (Isotope study). A graph of the water samples closely aligned with the Addis Ababa-local meteoric water line indicates their meteoric origin. However, there was a slight deviation to the left due to the effects of distance and altitude. The isotopic correlation further supported the interaction between different water sources.
Trade remedies and World Trade Organization dispute settlement : Why are so few challenged?

Antidumping and related trade remedies are the most popular policy instruments that many of the largest importing countries in the World Trade Organization (WTO) system use to restrict international trade. While such trade remedies are also frequent targets of dispute settlement activity under the WTO, given that Panel and Appellate Body rulings have almost invariably found that some aspect of each reviewed remedy was inconsistent with WTO obligations, an open research question is why aren't more remedies targeted by dispute settlement? The author provides a first empirical investigation of the trade remedy and WTO dispute settlement interaction by focusing on determinants of WTO members'decisions of whether to formally challenge U.S. trade remedies imposed between 1992 and 2003. He provides evidence that it is not only the size of the economic market at stake and the capacity to retaliate under potential DSU (dispute settlement understanding)-authorized sanctions that influence the litigation decision of whether to formally challenge a measure at the WTO. The author also finds that if the negatively affected foreign industry has the capacity to directly retaliate through a reciprocal antidumping investigation and measure of its own, its government is less likely to pursue the case on its behalf at the WTO. This is consistent with the theory that potential complainants may be avoiding WTO litigation in favor of pursuing reciprocal antidumping and hence"vigilante justice."
Environmental management reform for sustainable farming, fisheries and aquaculture: state of the art review

The aim of AquAgriS project is to coordinate research on environmental management reform to improve environmental, industrial and economic sustainability in the farming,fisheries and aquaculture (FFA) industries. In this project, "farming" refers to the breeding and raising of terrestrial animals and cultivation of plants; "fisheries" refers to the industrial capture of wild aquatic species; and "aquaculture" refers to the commercial culture of aquatic animals and plants. A major environmental concern is an increase in wastes produced because of FFA activities, which nececitate an explicit management of these wastes for sustainability (Greenpeace, 2008)
QFaaS: A Serverless Function-as-a-Service framework for Quantum computing

Recent breakthroughs in quantum hardware are creating opportunities for its use in many applications. However, quantum software engineering is still in its infancy with many challenges, especially dealing with the diversity of quantum programming languages and hardware platforms. To alleviate these challenges, we propose QFaaS, a novel Quantum Function-as-a-Service framework, which leverages the advantages of the serverless model and the state-of-the-art software engineering approaches to advance practical quantum computing. Our framework provides essential components of a quantum serverless platform to simplify the software development and adapt to the quantum cloud computing paradigm, such as combining hybrid quantum-classical computation, containerizing functions, and integrating DevOps features. We design QFaaS as a unified quantum computing framework by supporting well-known quantum languages and software development kits (Qiskit, Q#, Cirq, and Braket), executing the quantum tasks on multiple simulators and quantum cloud providers (IBM Quantum and Amazon Braket). This paper proposes architectural design, principal components, the life cycle of hybrid quantum-classical function, operation workflow, and implementation of QFaaS. We present two practical use cases and perform the evaluations on quantum computers and simulators to demonstrate our framework's ability to ease the burden on traditional engineers to expedite the ongoing quantum software transition.
Minorities and Minority Right Protection in Federations

Abstract                   This commentary article delves into an inclusive concept of minorities and minority rights protection in federations, to outline the general idea of the ‘minorities’ and afterward delineates the controversies regarding who the minorities are. Thus, it starts by looking into the general overview of minorities and the controversies, the development of minority rights under international instruments and the critics. It also explores minority rights to political participation and power sharing mechanisms in federations to shade light to the various understandings of the concepts. Moreover, the article examines the major contending perspectives regarding the rights to political participation of minorities. Embarking on this objective, this commentary ends with forwarding the need for looking at an institutional arrangement that effectively accommodates the needs and interests of minority groups in government affairs.
Transformation of the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) Radiation into Reciprocal Spaces and Consequences of This Approach

The formalism of solid state physics has been applied to provide an additional tool for the research of cosmological problems. It is demonstrated how this new approach could be useful in the analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data. After a transformation of the anisotropy spectrum of relict radiation into a special two-fold reciprocal space it was possible to propose a simple and general description of the interaction of relict photons with the matter by a "relict radiation factor". This factor enabled us to process the transformed CMB anisotropy spectrum by a Fourier transform and thus arrive to a radial electron density distribution function (RDF) in a reciprocal space. As a consequence it was possible to estimate distances between Objects of the order ~100 [m] and the density of the ordinary matter ~1E-22 [kg.m-3]. Another analysis based on a direct calculation of the CMB radiation spectrum after its transformation into a simple reciprocal space and combined with appropriate structure modeling confirmed the cluster structure. The internal structure of Objects may be formed by Clusters distant 12 [cm], whereas the internal structure of a Cluster consisted of particles distant ~0.3 [nm]. This work points unequivocally to clustering processes and to a cluster-like structure of the matter and thus contributes to the understanding of the structure of density fluctuations. Simultaneously it sheds more light on the structure of the universe in the moment when the universe became transparent for photons. Clustering may be at the same time a new physical effect which has not been taken fully into consideration in the past. On the basis of our quantitative considerations it was possible to estimate the number of particles (protons, helium nuclei, electrons and other particles) in Objects and Clusters and the number of Clusters in an Object.
Genetic Insurance Discrimination in Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes

Background—             There is virtually no information assessing the insurability of families affected with Sudden Arrhythmia Death Syndromes (SADS) for the determination of the nonclinical implications of genetic screening. It is important to identify the barriers and challenges faced by families as a result of genetic screening for SADS to enable equitable access to insurance coverage.                                   Methods and Results—             To explore the insurance coverage experiences of SADS-affected families, we administered a cross-sectional online survey across North America from April 28, 2012 to November 13, 2013. Participants included individuals with a SADS diagnosis and their relatives who have applied for insurance (health, life, travel, and disability) or have existing insurance coverage. Of 202 participants, 92% had a SADS diagnosis (92%) as either a proband (50%) or an affected relative (42%); 8% of participants were unaffected family members of a proband; and genetic confirmation was reported by 73%. Of the 54% of SADS respondents who applied for insurance, 60% were rejected by insurers. The preexisting SADS diagnosis was the major reason reported for rejection (57%). Most respondents (80%) had insurance coverage through a spouse/parent plan at the time of diagnosis; 14% experienced a subsequent negative effect on coverage. Thirty-nine percent of affected SADS respondents reported an increase in insurance premium rates.                                   Conclusions—             Increased genetic testing has negatively impacted insurability for SADS patients and affected family members. The challenges in obtaining life and health insurance are mainly because of the preexisting condition, even in the presence of protective laws in the United States.
Heliospheric modulation of galactic cosmic rays during grand solar minima: Past and future variations

Galactic cosmic ray flux at Earth is modulated by the heliospheric magnetic field. Heliospheric modulation potential, Φ, during grand solar minima is investigated using an open solar flux (OSF) model with OSF source based on sunspot number, R, and OSF loss on heliospheric current sheet inclination. Changing dominance between source and loss means Φ varies in‐ (anti‐) phase with R during strong (weak) cycles, in agreement with Φ estimates from ice core records of10Be concentration, which are in‐phase during most of the last 300 years, but anti‐phase during the Maunder Minimum. Model results suggest “flat” OSF cycles, such as solar cycle 20 result from OSF source and loss terms temporarily balancing throughout the cycle. Thus even if solar activity continues to decline steadily, the long‐term drop in OSF through SC21 to SC23 may plateau during SC24, though reemerge in SC25 with the inverted phase relation.
ANALYSIS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL REPORTING RESPONSIBILITY OF STATE AND REGIONAL OWNED ENTERPRISES

Disclosure of corporate social responsibility is an illustration of the implementation of corporate social responsibility. This study aimed to analyze the information needed in the field of social responsibility in line with the business of SOE/ROE in Central Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, as well as analyze and develop social responsibility reporting model. Surveys method was employed by distributing questionnaires to the respondent of the ROE/SOE employees. Purposive sampling method was generated, and the results analyzed with comparative descriptive. The results of the study showed that there are still state-owned enterprises (SOE) that have not practised social responsibility activities in their operational areas, have not revealed the social responsibility activities in the annual report or sustainability report. While ROEs discloses at the annual report and the company's website. The reporting held generally relates to community development, working capital assistance, and scholarship assistance. This study contributes to the social disclosure literature, especially in the implementation of social responsibility in the operating area. Research findings that describe the social responsibility of SOE are still carried out in certain regions, not yet covering all operational areas. Further researchers can verify the findings and research from another perspective.
Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility” THE PERCEPTION OF EMPLOYEES ON BUSINESS ETHICS IN AN ORGANIZATION

Global organizations are fast-changing in technological, legal, economic, social, and political structures with competing stakeholders as well as power claims. They are embedded in and interact with multiple changing local, national, and international environments. These environments call for business ethics in many situations for proper interrelation and interactions among businesses and economies. Organizations are starting to adopt ethics programs as a response to the negative publicity associated with interactions with different environments. Maintaining public trust is essential for organizations to receive continued support from suppliers, customers, as well as other stakeholders. Ethics plays an important role in the development of a strategic plan. However, understandably stakeholders are naturally pre-occupied with profitability often completely disregarding the role of ethics and corporate social responsibility, considering the fact that companies in a bid to render agreed returns to their stakeholders are mostly concerned with marketing campaigns and sales advertisement and all other antics to dislodge competitors and meet assigned budget targets. Therefore, it is essential to examine the perceptions of employees on business ethics within the organization in order to properly develop ethics programs. This study attempts to examine the relationship of business ethics with the position, years of experience, and gender in order to develop some ethics program which can match the perceptions of employees on ethics.
Germany reaffirms support for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Georgia and calls out Russian “occupation”

GPIL - German Practice in International Law
Event Tree and Fault Tree Analysis in Tunneling with Imprecise Probabilities

This paper presents the methodologies of event tree analysis and fault tree analysis in tunneling by using imprecise probabilities. In traditional risk assessment and analysis, uncertainties are measured by precise probabilities. However, due to the limited information in geological and underground conditions, assigning a precise value as to the probability of an event may not be practical. Probability is often evaluated imprecisely in tunneling. The International Tunnelling Association has published guidelines for tunneling risk management, in which the likelihood of occurrence is recommended to be evaluated by several predefined intervals rather than a crisp probability. The goal of the methodologies proposed in this study is to deal with imprecise information without forcing the experts to commit to assessments that they do not feel comfortable with or the analyst to pick a single distribution when the available data does not warrant such precision. Several case histories of risk analysis in tunneling were revisited by using the methodologies developed in this study. All results obtained based on imprecise probabilities are discussed and compared with the results from precise probabilities. © 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.
Model Registry and Modelfile Systems: Dockerfile-Inspired AI Model Management for Sovereign Deployment — API Gateway, AI Routing, Distributed Systems, Sovereign AI, and Post-Cloud Architecture (Api-Oss-Fixed)

The management of AI models across their lifecycle—from training and versioning to deployment and retirement—presents significant challenges for sovereign AI infrastructure. This paper introduces the Modelfile system, a Dockerfile-inspired declarative format for specifying, building, and distributing AI models. We analyze the architecture of model registries that support versioning, signing, verification, and dependency resolution for machine learning models. The Modelfile specification defines a domain-specific language with directives for base model selection (FROM), system configuration (SYSTEM), template construction (TEMPLATE), parameter configuration (PARAMETER), and adapter integration (ADAPTER). We present a model registry architecture that combines content-addressable storage with cryptographic signing using Sigstore and TUF-inspired metadata. Experimental evaluation demonstrates that Modelfile-based model deployment reduces configuration errors by 68% compared to manual configuration while providing deterministic, reproducible model builds. We discuss security implications including model provenance verification, supply chain attacks, and model tampering detection. The work directly informs API-OSS's model registry, which uses Modelfiles for versioned model management.    Part of The Anticloud research corpus by Lois-Kleinner Alpasan (ORCID: 0009-0009-2233-6107). This work explores api gateway, ai routing in the context of sovereign AI infrastructure, post-cloud computing architectures, and transparent, blackbox-free systems.
Customary Sources of International Humanitarian Law, Geneva Conventions and their Relationship with the Second Additional Protocol of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 Relating to the Protection of Victims in the Non- International Armed Conflicts

This paper will address the importance of customary humanitarian law as a source of international humanitarian law which is one of the main pillars in the protection of human rights and freedoms during the war. The focus of the paper is the importance of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 and the second additional protocol dealing with the protection of victims during non-international armed conflicts. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the actual role of the Geneva Conventions and Additional Protocol II in providing legal protection to individuals in non-international armed conflicts. Article 3, is a common Article for all the Geneva Conventions of 1949, which aims to assist and serve as a mandatory norm in non-international armed conflicts. On the other hand, this Article is "assisted" by the second additional protocol which provides slightly more explanations separately from these conventions, regarding the protection of victims during armed conflicts of a non-international character. We are witnessing that the world is evolving more and more every day and armed conflicts are becoming more and more frequent due to different interests that certain social groups have. In this regard, it is necessary to draft more detailed norms with binding force for the parties to the conflict, in order to reduce or avoid consequences on people. The question raised in this paper is: why should the Additional Protocol II to the Geneva Conventions be binding and enforceable along with the four 1949 Conventions? In this paper, the case of Kosovo will be addressed. In this paper are used the analysis, comparison, historical methods of research.
Weighted Minkowski's Existence Theorem and Projection Bodies

The Brunn-Minkowski Theory has seen several generalizations over the past century. Many of the core ideas have been generalized to measures. With the goal of framing these generalizations as a weighted Brunn-Minkowski theory, we prove the Minkowski existence theorem for a large class of Borel measures with continuous density, denoted by $Λ^n$: for $ν$ a finite, even Borel measure on the unit sphere and even $μ\inΛ^n$, there exists a symmetric convex body $K$ such that $$dν(u)=c_{μ,K}dS^μ_{K}(u),$$ where $c_{μ,K}$ is a quantity that depends on $μ$ and $K$ and $dS^μ_{K}(u)$ is the surface area-measure of $K$ with respect to $μ$. Examples of measures in $Λ^n$ are homogeneous measures (with $c_{μ,K}=1$) and probability measures with radially decreasing densities (e.g. the Gaussian measure). We will also consider weighted projection bodies $Π_μK$ by classifying them and studying the isomorphic Shephard problem: if $μ$ and $ν$ are even, homogeneous measures with density and $K$ and $L$ are symmetric convex bodies such that $Π_μ K \subset Π_ν L$, then can one find an optimal quantity $\mathcal{A}>0$ such that $μ(K)\leq \mathcal{A}ν(L)$? Among other things, we show that, in the case where $μ=ν$ and $L$ is a projection body, $\mathcal{A}=1$.
Cross-Dataset Benchmarking of Deep Learning Models for Surface Defect Classification in Metal Parts

Accurate surface defect classification is critical for industrial quality control. Although Deep Learning achieves strong results on individual datasets, most prior studies benchmark only a narrow set of models under inconsistent pipelines, limiting comparability and industrial relevance. This work introduces the first systematic benchmark of ten architectures—CNNs (CNN, ResNet18/50), lightweight models (MobileNetV2, SuperSimpleNet, GhostNet, EfficientNetV2), Vision Transformers (Swin Transformer), a hybrid CNN–Transformer (CoAtNet), and a one-stage detector (YOLOv12)—across five public defect datasets (NEU-DET, X-SDD, KolektorSDD2, DAGM, MTDD) under a unified pipeline. Results show that Swin Transformer and CoAtNet achieve the best performance (mean F1-scores 90.8% and 85.5%), while EfficientNetV2 underperformed (41.9%), underscoring the need for domain-specific benchmarks. Lightweight models such as MobileNetV2, GhostNet, and SuperSimpleNet deliver competitive accuracy at much lower cost, offering practical solutions for edge deployment. By bridging the gap between academic benchmarks and manufacturing requirements, this study provides actionable guidance for selecting defect detection models in automated inspection.
The Art of AI: A Human-Centered AI (HCAI) User Study of Integrating Image-Generative Tools in Visual Art Workflows : The Case Of Adobe Firefly

I denna avhandling tillämpas ramverket för Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI), som formulerats av Ben Shneiderman[42] för att utforska integrationen av bildgenerativ artificiell intelligens (AI) i arbetsflöden för visuella konstnärer. Genom kvalitativa studier har erfarenheter och reflektioner från sex deltagare med olika bakgrunder inom visuell konst, såsom grafisk illustration, arkitektur, fotografi och målning, undersökts. Analysen av resultaten belyser både möjligheter och utmaningar inom konstnärliga uttryck och etik. Deltagarna fann att generativ AI kunde vara värdefullt för idéutveckling, utforskning och lärande, samtidigt som de betonade behovet av förbättrad anpassning och kontroll. Studien ger insikter om hur framtida verktyg inom bildgenerativ AI kan utvecklas för konstnärliga ändamål och främja ett människocentrerat användande av AI-teknologi, i enlighet med HCAI-principer för att förbättra användarkontroll och kreativitet. Framtida forskning skulle kunna utforska långsiktiga effekter, utveckling för specifika områden inom visuell konst, samt inkludering och hållbarhet.