ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Interethnic Relations and the Protection of Minority Rights in Serbia

Serbia, as a multiethnic and multiconfessional community, still faces the issue of establishing social relations which are based on non-discrimination in all matters, as well as ethnic belonging. The heritage of ethnic conflicts and the as-yet unresolved relations in Kosovo still present potential negative factors for establishing ethnic relations on the principles of equality, but also of trust and safe coexistence. As one of more important identifiers of ethnic belonging and relations between religious communities in the Balkans, religion also represents obstacles in Serbia as a multireligious community. The first part of this text analyses data from sociological research projects, which point to the content and quality of multiethnic relations in Serbia. The second step is the analysis of the legal framework in this area which is being improved in Serbia with the aim of achieving equality between ethnic groups and co-existence founded on trust and nondiscrimination. The third step is the review of some examples in Serbia of discrimination based on ethnic belonging.
Strengthening Universal Health Coverage by Overcoming the Challenges of Equity and Access to Healthcare, Through a Mobile Multi- and Transdisciplinary Team for HIV Infection Management:             <i>A Formative Evaluation of a Strategy Implemented in Goudomp Health District, Senegal</i>

Abstract           Located in southern Senegal, Goudomp covers 23.9% of the Sedhiou region territory. It was home to the largest number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) in Sedhiou, as well as one of the hottest spots in this border region. Faced with this threatening situation and the scarcity of resources, the Goudomp health authorities implemented a strategy to improve equity and access to healthcare through a mobile multi- and transdisciplinary team for HIV infection management (M2T2-HIV). Thus, in less than a year, the strategy boosted HIV screening by 10.5%, while increasing the proportion of voluntary screening campaigns from 42.7 to 79.5%, with a particular focus on vulnerable groups (MSM, sex workers, injecting drug users and people living with a disability). Antiretroviral treatment initiation and drop-out rates improved, respectively, from 73 to 94% and from 72.7 to 30%. Finally, M2T2-HIV not only boosted TB-HIV co-infection detection by 46.2%, but, above all, reduced the death rate among those recently screened for HIV and HIV-positive patients on ART from 21 to 15% and 31 to 18%, respectively. Nevertheless, there remain major challenges, hence the need to extend the strategy to other diseases in order to better combat the co-morbidities that kill more PLHIV.                        Information             © The Authors 2025
Digital Phenotyping Models of Symptom Improvement in College Mental Health: Generalizability Across Two Cohorts

Smartphones can be used to gain insight into mental health conditions through the collection of survey and sensor data. However, the external validity of this digital phenotyping data is still being explored, and there is a need to assess if predictive models derived from this data are generalizable. The first dataset (V1) of 632 college students was collected between December 2020 and May 2021. The second dataset (V2) was collected using the same app between November and December 2021 and included 66 students. Students in V1 could enroll in V2. The main difference between the V1 and V2 studies was that we focused on protocol methods in V2 to ensure digital phenotyping data had a lower degree of missing data than in the V1 dataset. We compared survey response counts and sensor data coverage across the two datasets. Additionally, we explored whether models trained to predict symptom survey improvement could generalize across datasets. Design changes in V2, such as a run-in period and data quality checks, resulted in significantly higher engagement and sensor data coverage. The best-performing model was able to predict a 50% change in mood with 28 days of data, and models were able to generalize across datasets. The similarities between the features in V1 and V2 suggest that our features are valid across time. In addition, models must be able to generalize to new populations to be used in practice, so our experiments provide an encouraging result toward the potential of personalized digital mental health care.
Long-Read Sequencing for the Metagenomic Analysis of Microbiomes

One technology, long-read sequencing, and one research field, microbiome studies, have risen to prominence over the last decade. But how can one be used in the other? What changes are being wrought? And what limitations remain? [Graphic: see text]
HYBRID APPROACHES TO THE FORMALISATION OF EXPERT KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING TEMPORAL REGULARITIES IN THE TIME SERIES GROUP OF A SYSTEM MONITORING DATABASE

Objectives. The presented research problem concerns data regularities for an unspecified time series based on an approach to the expert formalisation of knowledge integrated into a decision-making mechanism. Method. A context-free grammar, consisting of a modification of universal temporal grammar, is used to describe regularities. Using the rules of the developed grammar, an expert can describe patterns in the group of time series. A multi-dimensional matrix pattern of the behaviour of a group of time series is used in a real-time decision-making regime in the expert system to implements a universal approach to the description of the dynamics of these changes in the expert system. The multidimensional matrix pattern is specifically intended for decision-making in an expert system; the modified temporal grammar is used to identify patterns in the data. Results. It is proposed to use the temporal relations of the series and fix observation values in the time interval as ―From-To‖, ―Before‖, ―After‖, ―Simultaneously‖ and ―Duration‖. A syntactically oriented converter of descriptions is developed. A schema for the creation and application of matrix patterns in expert systems is drawn up. Conclusion. The advantage of the implementation of the proposed hybrid approaches consists in a reduction of the time taken for identifying temporal patterns and an automation of the matrix pattern of the decision-making system based on expert descriptions verified using live data derived from relationships in the monitoring data.
EFFECT PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONAL ON THE INNOVATIVE WORK BEHAVIOR AND MODERATING EFFECT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR ON THE EFFECT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT

Abstract  This study is designed to examine the effect of perceived organizational support, knowledge management and transformational leadership on innovative work behavior and also to examine the moderating effect of perceived organizational support, knowledge management and transformational leadership on psychological empowerment. The data was collected using a questionnaire using a Likert scale of 1-5 and the respondents were the Secretary and Head of Division in the Regional Apparatus Organization of East Kutai Regency. The number of respondents in this study were 166 respondents. The results showed that 1) the variable perceived organizational support affects Innovative work behavior, 2) Knowledge management affects innovative work behavior, 3) Transformational leadership affects innovative work behavior, 4) perceived organizational support affects psychological empowerment, 5) knowledge management affects psychological empowerment, 6) transformational leadership affects psychological empowerment, 7) perceived organizational support through psychological empowerment affects innovative work behavior, 8) knowledge management through psychological empowerment affects innovative work behavior, 9) transformational leadership through psychological empowerment affects innovative work behavior, 10) Organizational citizenship behavior moderates the effect of perceived organizational support on psychological empowerment,11) Organizational citizenship behavior moderates the effect of knowledge management on psychological empowerment,12) Organizational citizenship behavior moderates the effect of transformational leadership on psychological empowerment.
The Impact of Insurance Coverage Types on Access to and Utilization of Health Services for U.S. Children With Autism

OBJECTIVE: The study examined the association of insurance type with access to and utilization of essential health services among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).  METHODS: Multivariate logistic regressions were used to illustrate the relationship between the indicators of health services utilization and insurance coverage types among U.S. children with ASD (N=2,041). Analyses used secondary data from the 2011-2012 National Survey of Children's Health.  RESULTS: Privately insured children with ASD were significantly less likely than their publicly insured counterparts to receive therapy (OR=.49). The odds of having any out-of-pocket medical expenses for families with private insurance were 11.0 times greater than for families with public insurance.  CONCLUSIONS: The findings reflect current gaps between public and private insurance coverage in the health system for access to and utilization of health services for children with ASD. Special attention should be directed to private insurance plans, where needed health services may be inadequately covered.
Technology Acceptance Model of Online Learning Management Systems in Higher Education: A Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Mode

The present meta-analysis employs meta-analytic structural equation modeling (MASEM) to quantitatively synthesize studies that investigates college students’ acceptance of online learning managements systems. This study combined meta-analysis and path analysis to extend and refine the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) within a higher education online learning environment context. Analyses of 13 studies representing 3407 undergraduate students from world-wide universities were conducted. The study investigated four path models (e.g., fixed-effects and random-effects) measuring different combinations of variables and formed conclusions about the relationships between the variables that were available. The model fit of each path model suggested mixed-results. Some models resulted in an acceptable fit, while others resulted in poor fit. Invariance tests resulted in statistically different findings across multiple parameter estimates, suggesting little to no replicability of findings across studies. Educational technology researchers should be cautious when forming conclusions about undergraduate online learning management systems based on the TAM.
Cygnus survey with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope at 325 and 610 MHz: the catalog

Context.Observations at the radio continuum band below the gigahertz band are key when the nature and properties of nonthermal sources are investigated because their radio radiation is strongest at these frequencies. The low radio frequency range is therefore the best to spot possible counterparts to very high-energy (VHE) sources: relativistic particles of the same population are likely to be involved in radio and high-energy radiation processes. Some of these counterparts to VHE sources can be stellar sources.Aims.The Cygnus region in the northern sky is one of the richest in this type of sources that are potential counterparts to VHE sources. We surveyed the central ∼15 sq deg of the Cygnus constellation at the 325 and 610 MHz bands with angular resolutions and sensitivities of 10″ and 6″, and 0.5 and 0.2 mJy beam−1, respectively.Methods.The data were collected during 172 h in 2013–2017, using the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope with 32 MHz bandwidth, and were calibrated using the SPAM routines. The source extraction was carried out with the PyBDSF tool, followed by verification through visual inspection of every putative catalog candidate source in order to determine its reliability.Results.In this first paper we present the catalog of sources, consisting of 1048 sources at 325 MHz and 2796 sources at 610 MHz. By cross-matching the sources from both frequencies with the objects of the SIMBAD database, we found possible counterparts for 143 of them. Most of the sources from the 325-MHz catalog (993) were detected at the 610 MHz band, and their spectral indexαwas computed adoptingS(ν) ∝να. The maximum of the spectral index distribution is atα = −1, which is characteristic of nonthermal emitters and might indicate an extragalactic population.
On the `Semantics' of Differential Privacy: A Bayesian Formulation

Differential privacy is a definition of "privacy'" for algorithms that analyze and publish information about statistical databases. It is often claimed that differential privacy provides guarantees against adversaries with arbitrary side information. In this paper, we provide a precise formulation of these guarantees in terms of the inferences drawn by a Bayesian adversary. We show that this formulation is satisfied by both vanilla differential privacy as well as a relaxation known as (epsilon,delta)-differential privacy. Our formulation follows the ideas originally due to Dwork and McSherry [Dwork 2006]. This paper is, to our knowledge, the first place such a formulation appears explicitly. The analysis of the relaxed definition is new to this paper, and provides some concrete guidance for setting parameters when using (epsilon,delta)-differential privacy.
Using Artificial Intelligence Generated Content Technology to Promote High-Quality Development of Guangzhou’s Customized Home Furnishing Industry

AIGC (Artificial Intelligence Generated Content), or generative AI, utilizes deep learning and natural language processing, trained on vast datasets, to produce content that resembles human language. This represents a shift in content creation from human-driven to machine-driven, significantly enhancing content generation's efficiency and accuracy. With the AIGC market in China predicted to reach significant values by 2023 and 2028, Guangzhou, a hub for custom home furnishing with over half of the top companies, is undergoing a transformative upgrade. The integration of AIGC in this sector aligns with new trends, demands, and opportunities, providing strategic support for high-quality development.
Factors Influencing Research Community Engagement in Social Science Departments of Indian Universities: A Comparative Study of Public and Private Institutions

While Indian institutions are focused on translating academic research into an out-of-campus effort, this paper asks why engagement varies by social science department within an Indian university. This study focuses on faculty knowledge of and behaviour regarding research community engagement among 312 respondents at 22 public and private universities. It identifies the major contributors and inhibitors of research community engagement. Structural equation modelling revealed institutional support (=0.34, p&lt;0.001) and faculty know-how (=0.29, p&lt;0.001) as key drivers and red tape and funding squeeze (=-0.21, p&lt;0.01) as important obstacles. While public universities exhibit comparatively higher institutional support than private ones, they face significant bureaucratic challenges, whereas private universities face comparatively lower resource constraints but a less effective administrative structure. Thus, this study casts doubt on one-size-fits-all approaches and suggests more targeted actions to facilitate research that bridges academia and the public.
Law and Practice of the International Criminal Tribunals—General Overview

In this chapter the law and practice of the international criminal tribunals with respect to the question of how to address procedural violations committed in the pre-trial phase of the proceedings is set out by means of an overview of the consequences that the judge may attach to such procedural violations which (potentially) have general application, i.e. are applicable in respect of a wider range of pre-trial procedural violations, including their general features. Those consequences are: a stay of proceedings, the exclusion of evidence, financial compensation, sentence reduction and express acknowledgement of the violation. It also compares the law and practice of the ad hoc Tribunals to that of the ICC, and concludes that the approaches of the ad hoc Tribunals and of the ICC to the question of how to address procedural violations committed in the pre-trial phase of international criminal proceedings are broadly similar, with a few notable differences.
How are the Norwegian banking market preparing for the implementation of cryptocurrencies or central bank digital currencies (CBDC)?

The world is in constant development and new technologies are being created. And the banking industry is no exception. In this research paper I will try to explain how the Norwegian banking market is preparing for the implementation of cryptocurrencies or Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). Since the technology behind cryptocurrencies is relatively new, it would be a good start for further research. By doing a multi-method explorative approach based on qualitative and quantitative data collection, the chances of getting an answer to the research question increased. From the results of the data collection there was shown that there is a lack of knowledge connected to cryptocurrencies. As a result of this most of the local banks were not able to attend an interview. I was able to get an interview with SpareBank 1 SR-Bank where it was discussed that the development of digital currencies was conducted by Norges Bank. In the preparation for cryptocurrencies amongst the banks, it was said that most banks are watching the development of the technology but are not investing in the research. The quantitative data collection shows that the need for cryptocurrencies is not yet there, with a great number of the participants stating that they do not have a relationship with cryptocurrencies. And if there was to be an investment and research into the technology of cryptocurrencies, it is expected that the banking industry will have the responsibility to pursue it.
An Enhanced Approach for Weather Forecasting Using Neural Network

Weather forecasting is a challenging area. To protect life and property weather warnings is important forecast. The model performance is contrasted with Multi-layered perceptron network. The proposed network is trained with actual data of the past 5years and tested which comes from meteorological department. For weather forecasting the data of temperature, wind speed and relative humidity were used to train and test. The future weather conditions is predicted by trained ANN. The proposed enhanced method for weather forecasting has advantages over other techniques. This model produced the most accurate forecasts in comparison with other existing methods.
Provisioned Data Distribution for Intelligent Manufacturing via Fog Computing

Abstract   The number of ‘things’ ranging from simple devices to complex machines on the factory floor connected at the enterprise level and to the broader internet is growing exponentially. This connection also leads to a tremendous amount of data generated leading to ‘Data’ now considered one of the core assets in the broader manufacturing industry. However, the availability of this asset is hardly made use of by Small and Medium scale manufacturing enterprises (SME) - the ‘Mittelstand’ of America. How can certain types of data be shared by SME companies, yet have the ability to retain ownership and control over their own data? How does SME leverage computing on these diverse forms of data for the benefit of its clients and itself? In this paper, we propose a decentralized data distribution architecture to democratize the potential availability of large amounts of data generated by the manufacturing industry using the Fog Computing paradigm. The architecture leverages an Industry scalable middleware extension of Cloud manufacturing that securely filters and transmits data from IoT enabled manufacturing machines on the shop floor to potential users over the cloud. This work also demonstrates a data-centric approach which allows peer-to-peer data sharing laterally within the fog layer to serve cloud users. We demonstrate the feasibility of the Fog middleware infrastructure through case studies that involves various types of manufacturing data.
The use of information theory in evolutionary biology

Information is a key concept in evolutionary biology. Information is stored in biological organism's genomes, and used to generate the organism as well as to maintain and control it. Information is also "that which evolves". When a population adapts to a local environment, information about this environment is fixed in a representative genome. However, when an environment changes, information can be lost. At the same time, information is processed by animal brains to survive in complex environments, and the capacity for information processing also evolves. Here I review applications of information theory to the evolution of proteins as well as to the evolution of information processing in simulated agents that adapt to perform a complex task.
Legal Certainty In The Implementation of Judicial Review Decisions By The Constitutional Court In Indonesia

This study aims to analyze the implementation of Constitutional Court decisions in Indonesia, particularly focusing on the gap between the legal force of such decisions and their actual enforcement. Despite the Constitutional Court's decisions being final and binding, many are not implemented in accordance with the principle of erga omnes, leading to legal uncertainty and hindering the achievement of justice. This research employs a normative juridical approach, utilizing the theory of the state of law, the constitution, and legal certainty as analytical tools. The study's findings indicate that while Constitutional Court decisions have permanent legal force and should be binding on all parties, inconsistent implementation by institutions such as the House of Representatives and the President remains a significant issue. The primary cause of non-compliance is often the lack of adequate legislative responses or the absence of clear implementing regulations. Furthermore, the study highlights that an ideal implementation of Constitutional Court decisions would require stronger monitoring mechanisms and sanctions to ensure compliance. In conclusion, this study recommends revising relevant laws and regulations and establishing more detailed implementation procedures to support the effective execution of Constitutional Court decisions, ensuring legal certainty, justice, and public trust in the legal system.