ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance among Pharmacy Students at the University of Zambia: Implications for Antimicrobial Stewardship Programmes

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health problem affecting healthcare systems. There is little information on undergraduate pharmacy students' knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding antibiotic use (AMU) and AMR in Zambia. This study assessed knowledge, attitude, and practices on AMU and AMR among undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Zambia. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among172 randomly selected participants using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. Results: Of the 172 total participants, 55.2% (n = 95) were male. Most participants were between 21 and 25 years old (n=110, 64 %). Most of the pharmacy students had good knowledge (n=155, 90% average score), positive attitude (n=145, 84% average score) but suboptimal practices (n=110, 64% average score) about AMU and AMR. Despite these good scores, the prevalence of self-medication using antibiotics was 41% (n=70).Conclusion: Undergraduate pharmacy students had good knowledge, and a positive attitude, but suboptimal practices towards AMU and AMR. A low-average practice score is of great concern and requires urgent attention. There is a need to improve the details of the undergraduate pharmacy curriculum regarding AMU, AMR and antimicrobial stewardship programmes.
Human Resource Information System (HRIS): An Evaluation of Net Benefits Based on the Perception of HR Practitioners

In this day and age, the use of information systems (IS) in workplaces is indispensable. IS has been an effective tool in enhancing operational efficiency and for empowering the workforce. Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) have been recognized as one of the major modern human resource (HR) tool (Jahan, 2014). HRIS handles the processes and transactions involved in managing human resources such as recruitment, training, benefits administration and employee records-keeping (Laudon &amp; Laudon, 2014). With the strategic role that IS delivers to organizations nowadays, it is imperative that IS be evaluated on its effectiveness especially in the area of human resource management. The objective of this study is to evaluate the factors that affect the net benefits of human resource information systems (HRIS) in the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry in the Philippines. Using the updated DeLone and McLean IS success model, the study will investigate the factors that contribute to the implementation of HRIS based on the perception of HR practitioners. These factors are: system quality, information quality, service quality, use, user satisfaction and net benefits. Moreover, the relationships between and amongst these factors will be studied and how these factors affect the net benefits that HRIS delivers to organizations particularly in the BPO industry in the Philippines. A total of 214 respondents (n=214) who are HRIS users were asked to answer an online-based survey questionnaire. The research revealed that use and user satisfaction have positive effect on HRIS net benefits. In addition, the study has validated and confirmed the D&amp;M IS success model in the context of HRIS use in the BPO industry in the Philippines. These findings offer valuable insights to HRIS implementers and business owners on how to strengthen the effectiveness of HRIS and maximize its potentials for the delivery of fast, quality and efficient HR services in the BPO industry.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A CULINARY TOURISM RECOMMENDATION SYSTEM FOR MEDAN CITY USING THE COLLABORATIVE FILTERING METHOD

Culinary tourism has its own appeal for tourists visiting an area, but the tourists who come may not necessarily know the culinary offerings in that area, so a system is needed that can provide recommendations to tourists. A recommendation system is a system that can provide suggestions to its users regarding a particular item, and the suggestions given are used in various decision-making processes. The method used is Collaborative Filtering. The problem is how to apply the Collaborative Filtering method to recommend food with many influencing factors, resulting in a relevant recommendation. The recommendation process involves grouping users into a specific group through the clustering process using the K-Mean method, after which the software calculates the similarity between the user and the group members. The calculation of similarity between users and their group members uses the Pearson correlation coefficient formula. The determination of the recommendation results provided uses a ranking system with the highest recommendation values. The data used consists of 18 food data, 100 training data, and 10 testing data. The results of the relevance percentage test reached 80%.
TECHNOLOGY FOR IMPLEMENTING THE LEAN SIX SIGMA QUALITY MANAGEMENT MODEL IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. PART 1: IDENTIFICATION AND MEASUREMENT OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS CRITICAL TO QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS

The relevance of the Lean Six Sigma (LSS) quality management methodology implementation in the  Ukrainian higher education institutions (HEIs) to improve the efficiency of educational and scientific business processes in accordance with the recommendations of the international standards is substantiated. The aim of the article is analyzing the features of the technology for implementing the LSS methodology in HEIs in order to improve educational and scientific business processes and the applied application of LSS technology in the Ukrainian educational environment. The practical significance of the article lies in improving the quality of the educational process in HEIs through the use of the continuous improvement cycle DMAIC and LSS tools in order to increase the efficiency of the implementation of the key process "Development of educational and methodological support (EMS) for the educational process".
The Tribunals and the Renaissance of International Criminal Law: Three Themes

We are delighted to participate in this symposium on the legacy of the International Criminal Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda (Tribunals; respectively, ICTY and ICTR). We have been asked to offer reflections on the Tribunals’ impact on substantive international criminal law (ICL)—in particular, the definitions of crimes and the modes of liability. Given the enormity of the topic, we can offer only a cursory and impressionist sketch of the terrain, and draw attention to a few intriguing features along the way. We will not attempt to survey the Tribunals’ jurisprudence or the related academic literature. Instead, our aim is simply to highlight three themes underlying the Tribunals’ elaboration of substantive legal standards. For the nonspecialist, this sketch may provide a helpful overview of the evolution of ICL. For the specialist, this sketch may bring into slightly sharper relief some underlying patterns in the Tribunals’ work. We will also offer some broader thoughts about the Tribunals in the overall arc of ICL, and how their structure and priorities have left a lasting, distinctive imprimatur on ICL.
GRAPH NEURAL NETWORKS FOR LINK PREDICTION IN DYNAMIC KNOWLEDGE GRAPHS

Dynamic knowledge graphs, which capture evolving relationships among entities over time, are becoming increasingly important in various domains such as social networks, recommendation systems, finance domain and biomedical research. This research paper investigates the effectiveness of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for link prediction in dynamic knowledge graphs. By leveraging the temporal dynamics of the graph, we propose novel  GNN architectures and evaluate their performance against state-of- the-art methods on real-world datasets. The results demonstrate the  capability of GNNs to effectively capture evolving relationships and make accurate predictions in dynamic knowledge graphs, providing valuable insights for applications in various domains. Keywords—Graph Neural Networks,Temporal Dynamics,Deep learning,DeepLearning,Link Prediction
X-ray polarization of the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47 challenges the standard thin accretion disk scenario

A large energy-dependent X-ray polarization degree is detected by the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) in the high-soft emission state of the black hole X-ray binary 4U 1630-47. The highly significant detection (at approximate to 50 sigma confidence level) of an unexpectedly high polarization, rising from similar to 6% at 2 keV to similar to 10% at 8 keV, cannot be easily reconciled with standard models of thin accretion disks. In this work, we compare the predictions of different theoretical models with the IXPE data and conclude that the observed polarization properties are compatible with a scenario in which matter accretes onto the black hole through a thin disk covered by a partially ionized atmosphere flowing away at mildly relativistic velocities.
Non-axisymmetric Structure of Accretion Disks in Be/X-ray Binaries

The non-axisymmetric structure of accretion disks around the neutron star in Be/X-ray binaries is studied by analyzing the results from three dimensional (3D) Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. It is found that ram pressure due to the phase-dependent mass transfer from the Be-star disk excites a one-armed, trailing spiral structure in the accretion disk around the neutron star. The spiral wave has a transient nature; it is excited around the periastron, when the material is transferred from the Be disk, and is gradually damped afterwards. It is also found that the orbital phase-dependence of the mass-accretion rate is mainly caused by the inward propagation of the spiral wave excited in the accretion disk.
A Review of the Strategies for Promoting Sustainable Agricultural Production and Family Food Security in Nigeria

The need to provide unrestricted access to quality food and ensure nutrition security for all citizens has been at the forefront of the development agenda of all countries across the globe. Considering the cardinal role of agriculture in ensuring sustainable family food and nutrition security, goal number two of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is focused on the need to “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture production”. This paper reviewed the strategies for promoting sustainable agricultural production and family food security in Nigeria. A literature search was conducted through databases such as Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, google scholar, directory of open access journal (DOAJ), and research gate. The search terms included keywords such as food security, strategies for promoting food security, sustainable agricultural production, family food security, sustainable production, and Nigeria among others. A total of 108 results were returned from the search, 72 papers were relevant to the study, while the authors were unable to access 11 of the papers. The authors assessed the full texts of all the available articles through narrative synthesis following laid down eligibility criteria. The results revealed that several studies have been conducted on the strategies for promoting sustainable agricultural production and family food security in Nigeria. Several recommendations were made among which is the need to repurpose agricultural development policies, empower small-scale farmers, adopt sustainable agricultural practices, promote all-season agricultural production, and provide modern agricultural food processing and storage facilities.
Erratum to “Systematic versus on-demand early palliative care: A randomised clinical trial assessing quality of care and treatment aggressiveness near the end of life” [Eur J Cancer 69 (2016) 110–118]

The publisher regrets that the collaborators for this paper were not listed as such within the author details of the published paper. The collaborators were published in the Acknowledgements and are as follows: Alberto Farolfi, Silvia Ruscelli, Martina Valgiusti, Sara Pini, Marina Faedi, Department of Medical Oncology, IRST IRCCS, Meldola; Angela Ragazzini, Unit of Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, IRST IRCCS, Meldola; Cristina Pittureri and Elena Amaducci, Palliative Care and Hospice Unit, AUSL Romagna, Cesena; Irene Guglieri, Psychooncology Service, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua; Francesca Bergamo, Sara Lonardi, Department of Clinical and Experimental Oncology, Medical Oncology 1, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV – IRCCS, Padua; Camilla Di Nunzio, Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology–Hematology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza; Monica Bosco, Palliative Care Unit, Oncology–Hematology Department, Guglielmo da Saliceto Hospital, Piacenza; Barbara Bocci, Medical Oncology Unit, San Paolo Hospital, Milan; Alfina Bramanti and Chiara Gandini, Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia; Angela Buonadonna, Medical Oncology Unit, Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano; Alessandro Comandone, Medical Oncology Unit, Presidio Humanitas Gradenigo, Turin; Sonia Zoccali, Coordinamento Cure Palliative (supported by F.I.L.E., Leniterapia Italian Foundatio), Florence; Maria Simona Pino, Medical Oncology Unit, Oncology Department, S. Maria Annunziata Hospital, Florence; Davide Dalu, Palliative Care Unit, Oncology Department, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan; Pietro Sozzi, Oncology Unit, Ospedale degli Infermi, Ponderano; Alberto Gozza, Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, E.O. Galliera Hospitals, Genoa; Monica Giordano and Carla Longhi, Oncology Unit, Sant'Anna Hospital, Como; Cristina Autelitano, Palliative Care Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova – IRCCS, Reggio Emilia; Teresa Gamucci, Oncology Unit, SS Trinità Hospital Sora, ASL Frosinone, Frosinone; Cataldo Mastromauro, Oncology Unit, ULSS 12 Veneziana, Venice; Rodolfo Scognamiglio, Hospice Nazareth, Mestre; Daniela Degiovanni, Palliative Care Unit, Casale Monferrato, ASL Alessandria; Federica Negri, Medical Oncology Unit, Istituti Ospitalieri, Cremona; Augusto Caraceni, Palliative Care, Pain Therapy and Rehabilitation Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan; and Luigi Montanari, Palliative Care Unit Ravenna, AUSL Romagna, Italy. The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Digital phenotyping correlates of mobile cognitive measures in schizophrenia: A multisite global mental health feasibility trial

Traditional cognitive assessments in schizophrenia are time-consuming and necessitate specialized training, making routine evaluation challenging. To overcome these limitations, this study investigates the feasibility and advantages of utilizing smartphone-based assessments to capture both cognitive functioning and digital phenotyping data and compare these results to gold standard measures. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from 76 individuals with schizophrenia, who were recruited across three sites (one in Boston, two in India) was conducted. The open-source mindLAMP smartphone app captured digital phenotyping data and Trails A/B assessments of attention / memory for up to 12 months. The smartphone-cognitive tasks exhibited potential for normal distribution and these scores showed small but significant correlations with the results from the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia, especially the digital span and symbol coding tasks (r2 = 0.21). A small but significant correlation (r2 = 0.29) between smartphone-derived cognitive scores and health-related behaviors such as sleep duration patterns was observed. Smartphone-based cognitive assessments show promise as cross-cultural tools that can capture relevant data on momentary states among individuals with schizophrenia. Cognitive results related to sleep suggest functional applications to digital phenotyping data, and the potential of this multimodal data approach in research.
Buying back the right to health: legal and policy framework for facilitating access to essential medicines in developing countries

The concept of public healthcare has perennially involved the institution of measures that are necessary for the prevention of large scale epidemics. This preventive approach embodies principles of sanitation, water purification and more recently vaccination. However, the advent of new strains of viruses and an unprecedented increase in the susceptible population has expanded the ambit of primary healthcare to include effective treatment. Especially in developing countries, treatment through affordable medicines is considered fundamental to the achievement of public health goals. Thus, there exists a humanitarian obligation on the international community and the respective governments of nations, to provide effective medication to those who cannot afford it, in the larger interest of maintaining a sense of equity in the sustenance of human life. This paper analyses relevant international treaties and domestic judicial interventions that could effectuate positive change in the formulation of international trade and intellectual property policies, with regard to healthcare, at national as well as an supranational levels. The paper argues for the transfer of the decision making powers, with regard to the distribution of drugs, from the private pharmaceutical industry to the governments of countries. This, it argues, would result in a shift in prioritization from profit making motives, to the universal realization of the right to health.Keywords: Healthcare, intellectual property, human rights
Information thermodynamics for deterministic chemical reaction networks

Information thermodynamics relates the rate of change of mutual information between two interacting subsystems to their thermodynamics when the joined system is described by a bipartite stochastic dynamics satisfying local detailed balance. Here, we expand the scope of information thermodynamics to deterministic bipartite chemical reaction networks, namely, composed of two coupled subnetworks sharing species but not reactions. We do so by introducing a meaningful notion of mutual information between different molecular features that we express in terms of deterministic concentrations. This allows us to formulate separate second laws for each subnetwork, which account for their energy and information exchanges, in complete analogy with stochastic systems. We then use our framework to investigate the working mechanisms of a model of chemically driven self-assembly and an experimental light-driven bimolecular motor. We show that both systems are constituted by two coupled subnetworks of chemical reactions. One subnetwork is maintained out of equilibrium by external reservoirs (chemostats or light sources) and powers the other via energy and information flows. In doing so, we clarify that the information flow is precisely the thermodynamic counterpart of an information ratchet mechanism only when no energy flow is involved.
A process for mining science &amp; technology documents databases, illustrated for the case of "knowledge discovery and data mining"

This paper presents a process of mining research & development abstract databases to profile current status and to project potential developments for target technologies, The process is called “technology opportunities analysis.” This article steps through the process using a sample data set of abstracts from the INSPEC database on the topic o “knowledge discovery and data mining.” The paper offers a set of specific indicators suitable for mining such databases to understand innovation prospects. In illustrating the uses of such indicators, it offers some insights into the status of knowledge discovery research.
Microbial and Viral Ecology Analysis for Metagenomic Data

The explosion in known microbial diversity in the last two decades has made it abundantly clear that microbes in the environment do not exist in isolation; they are members of communities. Accordingly, omics approaches such as metagenomics have revealed that interactions between diverse groups of community members such as archaea, bacteria, and viruses (bacteriophage) are common and have significant impacts on entire microbiomes. Thus, to have a well-developed understanding of microbes as they naturally exist in the environment, biological entities of all kinds must be studied together. While numerous protocols for metagenome analysis exist, comprehensive published protocols for the simultaneous analysis of viruses and prokaryotes together are scarce. Further, as bioinformatic methods for microbiology rapidly advance, existing metagenomic tools and pipelines require frequent reevaluation. This ensures the adherence of best practices for microbiome and metagenomic data analysis. Here, we offer an expansive approach for the joint analysis of bulk sequence data from a mixed microbial community (metagenomes) and viral-sized fraction communities (viromes). This chapter serves as a beginner's-level guide for researchers with limited bioinformatics expertise who wish to engage in multi-scale metagenome and virome analyses. We cover steps from initial study design to sequence read processing, metagenome assembly, quality control, virus identification, microbial and viral genome binning, taxonomic characterization, species-level clustering, and host-virus predictions. We also provide the bioinformatic scripts used in our workflow for reuse in one's own computational methods. Lastly, we discuss additional approaches a researcher can take after processing data with this workflow.
Symptom burden and quality of life in end-stage renal disease: a study of 179 patients on dialysis and palliative care

Palliative care for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is developing in Hong Kong. This is the first local study to explore the symptom burden and quality of life (QOL) of ESRD patients on chronic dialysis and palliative care. This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on ESRD patients in a hospital in Hong Kong from January 2006 to April 2007. Data collected included demographics, socioeconomic status, modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), prevalence and intensity of 23 ESRD-related symptoms as rated by numerical rating scale (0–10), Brief Pain Inventory and QOL by MOS SF-36. A total of 179 ESRD patients completed the study; 45 patients (25.1%) were in the palliative care group and 134 patients (74.9%) in the dialysis group. The palliative care group were older (73.1 ± 7.1 vs 58.2 ± 11.4 years, P &lt; 0.001), had marginally higher modified CCI (8.5 ± 1.9 vs 6.1 ± 2.4, P = 0.05), had more diabetics (62.2 vs 35.8%, P &lt; 0.001) and were of poorer socioeconomic status than the dialysis group. The mean number of symptoms was 8.2 ± 3.9 and 9.3 ± 4.7 in the palliative care and the dialysis group, respectively ( P = NS). Fatigue, cold aversion, pruritus, lower torso weakness and difficulty sleeping were the five most prevalent symptoms in both groups, and were also among the most intense symptoms. QOL was significantly impaired in both groups. Scores of all QOL domains correlated negatively with the number of symptoms ( P &lt; 0.001). Our ESRD patients under palliative care and dialysis had overlapping symptom prevalence and intensity, significant symptom burden and impaired QOL.