ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TO REDUCE COMMUNITY REJECTION OF A COMPANY  EXISTENCE: ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS ETHICS PERSPECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in reducing the impact of community rejection of the company's existence. In addition, this study was also conducted to explore CSR from the perspective of business ethics theory. The research location is the community in the area adjacent to PT. Pertamina (Persero) RU VI in Balongan Indramayu, West Java. The research method used is phenomenological-qualitative by investigating the experiences of the participants in depth. The focus of the research topics are CSR, rejection reduction, and business ethics. The findings reveal that Pertamina already has two flagship CSR programs that are currently being implemented and have had a positive impact on reducing public resistance to the company's existence. Through these CSR programs, Pertamina and the community within the company work together to achieve the success of the program. Thus, the company's commitment to CSR practices has reduced the impact of community rejection of the company. Interestingly, the local government also actively participates in the program. Unfortunately, the fire incident is contrary to Pertamina's commitment to pay attention to environmental impacts and the principle of honesty. And this is a serious concern considering the possible negative impacts it can cause. Second, viewed from the perspective of business ethics, Pertamina has implemented one of the principles of business ethics. Pertamina has built the values ​​of good business behavior. It's just that in the future it is necessary to improve other principles of business ethics, namely the principles of honesty, fairness, autonomy in order to create effective business ethics.
Air shower observation by a simple structured Fresnel lens telescope with a single pixel for the next generation of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray observatories

Improved statistics and mass-composition-sensitive observation are required to clarify the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Inevitably in the future, the UHECR observatories will have to be expanded due to the small flux; however, the upgrade will be expensive with the detectors currently in use. Hence, we are developing a new fluorescence detector for UHECR observation. The proposed fluorescence detector, called cosmic ray air fluorescence Fresnel-lens telescope (CRAFFT), has an extremely simple structure and can observe the longitudinal development of an air shower. Furthermore, CRAFFT has the potential to significantly reduce costs for the realization of a huge observatory for UHECR research. We deployed four CRAFFT detectors at the Telescope Array site and conducted the test observation. We have successfully observed ten air-shower events using CRAFFT. Thus, CRAFFT can be a solution to realize the next generation of UHECR observatories.
Perceived Transparency, Accountability, and Responsiveness as Drivers of Corruption Prevention in Local Government: Evidence from Somalia

Abstract                 Corruption remains a significant challenge to effective governance, particularly in fragile states where institutional weaknesses and limited public oversight undermine accountability. This study examines how perceived transparency, perceived accountability, and perceived responsiveness influence corruption reduction in the local government of Mogadishu, Somalia. A quantitative approach was employed using convenience sampling, yielding 330 respondents who completed an online structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess measurement validity and estimate structural relationships. The results show that all three governance constructs significantly reduce corruption, with perceived accountability exerting the strongest influence, followed by perceived transparency and perceived responsiveness. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening accountability mechanisms, enhancing transparency, and improving responsiveness to mitigate corruption in fragile post-conflict contexts. The study provides practical implications for policymakers and civil society actors working to improve local governance and anti-corruption initiatives in Somalia.
Hydrologic Flux and Nitrate Exchange between Surface Water and Shallow Groundwater, San Diego Creek Watershed, Orange County, California

A study was conducted to assess water quality in the shallow aquifer of the San Diego Creek Watershed, Orange County, California. The objectives of the study were to determine concentrations of nitrate in surface water and shallow groundwater, and to study the hydraulic relationship between shallow groundwater and surface streams. San Diego Creek Watershed is located on the southern end of the Coastal Plain that covers a considerable po~on of Los Angeles and Orange Counties, California. The aquifers within the watershed are divided into shallow zones, which are not pumped, and deep zones, which are pumped. The shallow aquifer, which is in the upper 30 m of sediments, is composed of interbedded and discontinuous layers of silt, silty sand, sandy clay, clay, and sand. The shallow aquifer is hydraulically connected to a number of drainage ditches and channels that were constructed when the extensive marshland areas of the watershed were drained in the early 1900's. Some of these channels are lined with cement, and some are unlined and have sandy bottoms. Stream gaging along unlined channels indicates that flow accumulates as a result of groundwater seepage. Nitrate in shallow groundwater varies from about 40 mg/L to as much as 300 mg/L NO3. Sources of nitrate include contemporary and historical agriculture. Nitrate-laden groundwater seeps into and contaminates the surface streams in the watershed. Large commercial nurseries in the upper part of the watershed are another important source of nitrate. These nurseries release water with as much as 700mg/L NO3 into unlined surface channels. IAssistant Professor and 2Graduate Research Assistants, Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles; Los Angeles, CA 90032 (323) 343-2414; FAX (323) 343-2435; e-mail: bhibbs@calstatela.edu
A Novel Architecture of Area Efficient FFT Algorithm for FPGA Implementation

Fast Fourier transform (FFT) of large number of samples requires huge hardware resources of field programmable gate arrays (FPGA), which needs more area and power. In this paper, we present an area efficient architecture of FFT processor that reuses the butterfly elements several times. The FFT processor is simulated using VHDL and the results are validated on a Virtex-6 FPGA. The proposed architecture outperforms the conventional architecture of a $N$-point FFT processor in terms of area which is reduced by a factor of $log_N 2$ with negligible increase in processing time.
Methodological aspects of a randomized within-patient concurrent controlled design for clinical trials in spine surgery

Introduction:                     Randomized controlled trials are considered the highest level of evidence, but their feasibility in the surgical field is severely hampered by methodological and practical issues. Concurrent comparison between the experimental and control conditions within the same patient can be an effective strategy to mitigate some of these challenges and improve generalizability, mainly by the elimination of between-patient variability and reduction of the required sample size. This article aims (1) to describe the methodological aspects of a randomized within-patient controlled trial and (2) to quantify the added value of this design, based on a recently completed randomized within-patient controlled trial on bone grafts in instrumented lumbar posterolateral spinal fusion.                                                           Methods:                     Boundary conditions for the application of the randomized within-patient controlled trial design were identified. Between-patient variability was quantified by the intraclass correlation coefficient and concordance in the primary fusion outcome. Sample size, study duration and costs were compared with a classic randomized controlled trial design.                                                           Results:                     Boundary conditions include the concurrent application of the experimental and control conditions to identical but physically separated sites. Moreover, the outcome of interest should be local, uncorrelated and independently assessable. The spinal fusion outcomes within a patient were found to be more similar than between different patients (intraclass correlation coefficient 32% and concordance 64%), demonstrating a clear effect of patient-related factors. The randomized within-patient controlled trial design allowed a reduction of the sample size to one-third of a parallel-group randomized controlled trial, thereby halving the trial duration and costs.                                                           Conclusion:                     When suitable, the randomized within-patient controlled trial is an efficient design that provides a solution to some of the considerable challenges of a classic randomized controlled trial in (spine) surgery. This design holds specific promise for efficacy studies of non-active bone grafts in instrumented posterolateral fusion surgery.
The diagonal slice of Schottky space

An irreducible representation of the free group on two generators X,Y into SL(2,C) is determined up to conjugation by the traces of X,Y and XY. We study the diagonal slice of representations for which X,Y and XY have equal trace. Using the three-fold symmetry and Keen-Series pleating rays we locate those groups which are free and discrete, in which case the resulting hyperbolic manifold is a genus-2 handlebody.   We also compute the Bowditch set, consisting of those representations for which no primitive elements in the group generated by X,Y are parabolic or elliptic, and at most finitely many have trace with absolute value at most 2. In contrast to the quasifuchsian punctured torus groups originally studied by Bowditch, computer graphics show that this set is significantly different from the discreteness locus.
Equal Price for Equal Place? Demand-Driven Racial Discrimination in the Housing Market

We presented participants to an online study in Luxembourg with fictitious real-estate advertisements, tasking them to appraise the described properties. A random subset was also shown sellers’ surnames, strongly framed to signal their origins. All else equal, sellers with sub-Saharan African surnames were systematically offered lower prices – amounting to an appraisal penalty of EUR 20,000. This figure is highly heterogeneous and can amount up to around EUR 58,000 for older and low-educated participants. We provide evidence that the appraisal bias likely passes through onto final sales prices and that it may be largely due to statistical rather than taste-based discrimination.
Invited Presentation: Li-S Batteries and Beyond Systems: Electrochemistry and Materials Design

There is no doubt that the pursuit of advanced energy storage devices with higher energy densities is critical for powering our future society.[1,2] Among the best candidates for next-generation high-energy-storage systems, alkali metal-chalcogen batteries, including Li-S, Li-Se, and Na-S systems hold high theoretical energy densities, making them especially attractive. Here, we report the recent progress in this field starting from Li-S batteries. We discuss the electrochemistry of Li-S batteries with different sulfur allotropies,[3] the recent advances in S cathodes, Li anodes, electrolytes, as well as the new designs of Li-S pouch cells (5~10 Ah).[4] Secondly, we report advanced selenium-carbon cathodes for rechargeable Li-Se batteries, as well as the selenium molecules evolution upon cycling.[5] Finally, through employing the confined chain-like sulfur molecules as the active cathode component for room-temperature Na-S batteries, a novel mechanism is proposed and verified for the batteries’ electrochemistry, which bringing a tripled specific capacity and an increased specific energy compared to traditional high-temperature Na-S batteries.[6]                                   References                                                                                            [1] Y.-G. Guo, J.-S. Hu, L.-J. Wan,                       Adv.                                                             Mater.                                       2008, 20, 2878                [2] S. Xin, Y.-G. Guo, L.-J. Wan,                       Acc. Chem. Res. 2012, 45, 1759                [3] S. Xin, L. Gu, N. Zhao, Y. Yin, L. Zhou, Y.-G. Guo, L.-J. Wan,                       J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 18510                [4] Y. X. Yin, S. Xin, Y.-G. Guo, L.-J. Wan,                       Angew. Chem. Int. Edit. 2013, 52, 13186                [5] C.-P. Yang, S. Xin, Y.-X. Yin, H. Ye, J. Zhang, Y.-G. Guo,                       Angew.                                                             Chem. Int.                                                             Edit.                                                          2013, 52, 8363                [6] S. Xin, Y.-X. Yin, Y.-G. Guo, L.-J. Wan,                       Adv. Mater.                                       2014, DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304126, in press
A Survey On Universal Adversarial Attack

The intriguing phenomenon of adversarial examples has attracted significant attention in machine learning and what might be more surprising to the community is the existence of universal adversarial perturbations (UAPs), i.e. a single perturbation to fool the target DNN for most images. With the focus on UAP against deep classifiers, this survey summarizes the recent progress on universal adversarial attacks, discussing the challenges from both the attack and defense sides, as well as the reason for the existence of UAP. We aim to extend this work as a dynamic survey that will regularly update its content to follow new works regarding UAP or universal attack in a wide range of domains, such as image, audio, video, text, etc. Relevant updates will be discussed at: https://bit.ly/2SbQlLG. We welcome authors of future works in this field to contact us for including your new finding.
Defining Provider-Prioritized Domains of Quality in Pediatric Home-Based Hospice and Palliative Care: A Study of the Ohio Pediatric Palliative Care and End-of-Life Network

Abstract                                        Background:                     In 2017, the Ohio Pediatric Palliative Care and End-of-Life Network (OPPEN) published nine domains of high-quality care for pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care (HBHPC). Eight domains established by the National Consensus Project (NCP) were validated for pediatric HBHPC, and a ninth domain of “Continuity and Coordination of Care” was added.                                                           Objective:                     The aim of this study was to establish definition criteria for each of these domains.                                                           Design and Setting:                                            Using a modified Delphi technique, providers from the OPPEN were surveyed regarding definitions drawn from the NCP domain criteria. For the ninth domain, new definition criteria were generated                       de novo                       based on qualitative responses.                                                                                Results:                     Definition criteria were established for the nine domains of quality in HBHPC previously identified. In the course of analysis, Bereavement Care was established as a 10th domain of quality, and definition criteria generated.                                                           Conclusions:                     This is the first study to define domains of quality for pediatric HBHPC, and the second to leverage the infrastructure of a pediatric HPC statewide consortium toward this work. Future studies are needed to establish parent and patient-prioritized domains of quality in pediatric HBHPC, and to map indicators validated in pediatrics to these domains.
Principles of human—computer collaboration for knowledge discovery in science

zbMATH Open Web Interface contents unavailable due to conflicting licenses.
Characterization of groundwater –surface water interactions using high resolution integrated 3D hydrological model in semiarid urban watershed of Niamey, Niger

Abstract   This study investigates groundwater-surface water interactions using an equivalent porous medium approach in a data scarce and semi-arid hydrogeological watershed located south-west Niger. A large scale fully-integrated hydrologic model was built and calibrated using HydroGeoSphere with a sequential approach of increasing levels of temporal resolution: 1) steady state average conditions; 2) dynamic equilibrium with repeating monthly normal forcing data; and 3) fully transient conditions. This approach provided a useful and straightforward method for reducing the calibration effort of the large-scale fully-integrated hydrologic model. River-aquifer exchange flux dynamics, water balance components for different land use classes, as well as basin average groundwater recharge were computed from the model. Simulation results show that exchange flux between groundwater and surface water are important processes in the basin, with the Niger River acting primarily as a gaining stream, with local losing zones. Ephemeral streams constitute important focused groundwater recharge areas, while ponds exhibit either groundwater discharge behavior, or a recharge zone profile depending on local topography. The basin average water balance highlights the importance of plant transpiration (58% of total rainfall) over surface evaporation (8%), with groundwater recharge of up to 5% of total rainfall. Overland flow and infiltration account for 11% and 16% of the total annual rainfall respectively, and groundwater discharge to the river is 2% of the total rainfall.
UNTOUCHABILITY AND CASTE DISCRIMINATION IN INDIA: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE ON RESERVATION POLICIES

This research paper explores the complex interplay of untouchability, caste discrimination, and reservation policies in India, tracing their historical roots and social implications. It begins with an examination of the caste system's origins, delineating various castes and their roles within society, followed by a discussion of the discrimination faced by marginalized groups. The paper highlights the atrocities committed in the name of caste and the relationship between caste and religion. It critically analyzes the historical evolution of reservation policies, their significance, and the controversies surrounding their legitimacy, including criticisms directed towards Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. The dark side of the caste system, including caste massacres, is discussed, alongside the urgent need for a caste census in India. Ultimately, the paper emphasizes the necessity for comprehensive strategies to address caste discrimination and promote social equity, aiming to contribute to ongoing dialogues on caste and its repercussions in contemporary Indian society.
Nuclear physical properties of zirconium alloys E110 and E635 under long-term neutron irradiation in VVER-1000 reactor

For zirconium alloys of the type E110 (Zr-Nb) and E635 (Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe), the dynamics of accumulation (variation) of concentrations of alloying elements and impurities, including hydrogen and helium, the behavior of primary radiation damage and radioactivity under irradiation up to 50 years in the neutron spectrum of a VVER-1000 fission reactor, and the decrease (cooling) for a period of up to 1000 years after ending of the irradiation are computed using the ACDAM computational system, which includes libraries of recommended microscopic cross sections of neutron reactions, activation cross sections, and decay data. Alloys E110 and E635 when irradiated for more than four years do not meet “low activation material” criteria; they cannot be put in a recycling process for re-fabrication but must be packaged and buried for a time exceeding 1000 years.
Solidification furnace for microgravity experiments on sounding rockets

The Brazilian Microgravity Program is mainly based on experiments carried out on sounding rockets. Up to present days, three missions carrying a total of of experiments were made. In all flights, a fast solidi?cation furnace, capable of producing temperatures up to 900o C, was used to process metal and semiconductor alloys in microgravity environment. This paper has described the furnace and the solidification experiment made during the last parabolic flight, called Maracati Mission, which has occurred in December, 2010.
Practices of mental health service providers in the early detection of undergraduates experiencing anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation in Namibia

Background: Mental health challenges among undergraduates are a growing global concern, with anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation prevalent. In Namibia, academic pressure, financial hardship, and social adjustment difficulties intensifies these concerns. Despite this, there is a gap in research on the practices of mental health providers, in early identification students experiencing of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation.  Objective: The study explored the practices of mental health service providers in the early identification and support for undergraduates facing mental health challenges.  Method: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with mental health providers across six campuses of the two public universities in Namibia. Using semi-structured interviews, the study examined the practices of mental health providers in the early identification of students at risk of mental health conditions. Data were analysed following the six steps of Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis using Atlas.ti.8.   Result: Six primary themes and seventeen sub-themes emerged from the interviews. The themes included: ‘institutional gaps, peer-led early detection, stigma and cultural resistance, academic collaboration, informal support networks, and socio-economic vulnerabilities.   Conclusion: Mental health providers face challenges, including stigma, staff shortages, lack of mental health facilities and low engagement of academic staff in mental health activities.   Unique contribution: The study’s findings highlight the need for comprehensive and integrated mental health support for students. University mental health experts should actively promote mental health screening by identifying and assisting students to prevent mental health crises like suicide.   Key Recommendation: The study recommends coordinating mental health support with academic staff engagement to facilitate the early identification and support affected students.