ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
A Measurement by BOOMERANG of Multiple Peaks in the Angular Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background

This paper presents a measurement of the angular power spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from l=75 to l=1025 (~10' to 5 degrees) from a combined analysis of four 150 GHz channels in the BOOMERANG experiment. The spectrum contains multiple peaks and minima, as predicted by standard adiabatic-inflationary models in which the primordial plasma undergoes acoustic oscillations. These results significantly constrain the values of Omega_tot, Omega_b h^2, Omega_c h^2 and n_s.
African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACtHPR)

Abstract                The African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights (African Court) stands as a pivotal institution in the realm of human rights protection across Africa. Its first judges were appointed in 2006. As the continent’s human rights court, the African Court is tasked with interpreting and applying the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, a widely ratified regional human rights treaty that seeks to promote and protect human and peoples’ rights in Africa. Between 1 January 2022 and 31 July 2023, the Court received twelve new applications and delivered seventy-two decisions. It further handed down twenty-nine judgments. This introductory note provides an overview of the protocol establishing the African Charter, exploring the challenges of access to justice for individuals and non-governmental organisations under the African Court’s protocol. Thereafter, four cases handed down during 2022 and 2023 are explored in-depth. These cases concern the right to self-determination, Indigenous peoples’ land rights, the mandatory death penalty, and the independence of electoral institutions. A brief overview of two cases discussing fair trial rights is also provided.
A Prescription for More Retirement Income Security

As health care costs have been rising, especially for prescription drugs, employers have curtailed access to employer-sponsored retiree health insurance, especially for future retirees. This paper studies the question whether declining access has already translated into measurable loss of coverage for retirees. Based on data from the Current Population Survey and the Medical Expenditures Panel Survey, we find that retirees have lost health insurance and prescription drug coverage since 1996. The declines are especially pronounced for men before age 65 and for all Medicare-eligible retirees between the ages of 65 and 74. Our results also suggest that coverage will decline in the future.
Re-examining the Role of Nuclear Fusion in a Renewables-Based Energy Mix

Fusion energy is often regarded as a long-term solution to the world's energy needs. However, even after solving the critical research challenges, engineering and materials science will still impose significant constraints on the characteristics of a fusion power plant. Meanwhile, the global energy grid must transition to low-carbon sources by 2050 to prevent the worst effects of climate change. We review three factors affecting fusion's future trajectory: (1) the significant drop in the price of renewable energy, (2) the intermittency of renewable sources and implications for future energy grids, and (3) the recent proposition of intermediate-level nuclear waste as a product of fusion. Within the scenario assumed by our premises, we find that while there remains a clear motivation to develop fusion power plants, this motivation is likely weakened by the time they become available. We also conclude that most current fusion reactor designs do not take these factors into account and, to increase market penetration, fusion research should consider relaxed nuclear waste design criteria, raw material availability constraints and load-following designs with pulsed operation.
Evaluation of corporate social responsibility of Russian companies based on nonfinancial reporting

Over the recent several decades, contemporary literature is devoted to discussions on the role of corporate social responsibility in the development of regional and local communities. There are different approaches to explain the nature and the extent of corporate social responsibility influence on the internal and external processes of the organization. This paper covers the issues related to the Russian practice of socially responsible corporate behavior of the companies representing various strategically important sectors of the Russian economy. Authors have developed technique to evaluate corporate social responsibility based on nonfinancial reporting, that allowed them to reveal a number of problems and contradictions in this area and to formulate requirements for regulatory, organizational and methodological support efforts to promote further the image of Russian companies as socially responsible economic entities on the basis of mutual concurrence of interest between government and business. © IDOSI Publications, 2013.
Probing Accretion Disk Winds of Stratified Nature with Fe                     <scp>xxvi</scp>                     Doublet in Black Hole X-Ray Binaries

Abstract                                        Powerful ionized accretion disk winds are often observed during episodic outbursts in Galactic black hole transients. Among those X-ray absorbers, Fe                     xxvi                     doublet structure (Ly                     α                     1                     +Ly                     α                     2                     with ∼20 eV apart) has a unique potential to better probe the underlying physical nature of the wind, i.e., density and kinematics. We demonstrate, based on a physically motivated magnetic disk wind scenario of a stratified structure in density and velocity, that the doublet line profile can be effectively utilized as a diagnostic to measure wind density and associated velocity dispersion (due to thermal turbulence and/or dynamical shear motion in winds). Our simulated doublet spectra with postprocess radiative transfer calculations indicate that the profile can be (1) broad with a single peak for higher-velocity dispersion (≳5000 km s                     −1                     ), (2) a standard shape with 1:2 canonical flux ratio for moderate dispersion (∼1000–5000 km s                     −1                     ), or (3) double-peaked with its flux ratio approaching 1:1 for lower-velocity dispersion (≲1000 km s                     −1                     ) in an optically thin regime, allowing various line shapes. Such a diversity in doublet profiles is indeed unambiguously seen in recent observations with XRISM/Resolve at microcalorimeter resolution. We show that some implications inferred from the model will help constrain the local wind physics where Fe                     xxvi                     is predominantly produced in a large-scale, stratified wind.
Experiential case study audit of three popular period trackers using General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and intimate privacy assessment criteria

Period tracker downloads worldwide continue to increase year over year even though users are exposed to intimate data surveillance, unconsented third-party data sharing, and unauthorized commercial use of their reproductive information. This paper argues that data protection measures such as Europe's General Data Protection Regulation, considered the gold standard for personal privacy protection, could be bolstered if an intimate privacy design code was applied.As no code, such as the United Kingdom Information Commissioner's Children's Code, exists for reducing data protection risks associated with online processing of sensitive reproductive information, we developed 15 measures operationalizing the concept of intimate privacy. Risk assessments based on intimate privacy criteria were compared to General Data Protection Regulation requirements in our 2023 United Kingdom-based pilot study auditing three popular period trackers, Flo, Clue, and Eve.When our intimate privacy criteria were applied, we identified tracker data protection weaknesses and privacy elements falling outside of existing General Data Protection Regulation requirements. Particularly worrisome was the lack of dynamic consent for data sharing, no built-in surveillance detection measures, and few user-determined data retention and deletion processes. Processing and storage of United Kingdom Flo and Eve users' data in the United States raises significant intimate privacy protection concerns, especially as legal implications of such data transfers were not well explained to users. Privacy policies were complex, requiring college education.Incorporating intimate privacy-by-design would provide Femtech device users enhanced protection for their sensitive, private intimate data.
Gibbs posterior inference on the minimum clinically important difference

IIt is known that a statistically significant treatment may not be clinically significant. A quantity that can be used to assess clinical significance is called the minimum clinically important difference (MCID), and inference on the MCID is an important and challenging problem. Modeling for the purpose of inference on the MCID is non-trivial, and concerns about bias from a misspecified parametric model or inefficiency from a nonparametric model motivate an alternative approach to balance robustness and efficiency. In particular, a recently proposed representation of the MCID as the minimizer of a suitable risk function makes it possible to construct a Gibbs posterior distribution for the MCID without specifying a model. We establish the posterior convergence rate and show, numerically, that an appropriately scaled version of this Gibbs posterior yields interval estimates for the MCID which are both valid and efficient even for relatively small sample sizes.
FlashSpeech: Efficient Zero-Shot Speech Synthesis

Recent progress in large-scale zero-shot speech synthesis has been significantly advanced by language models and diffusion models. However, the generation process of both methods is slow and computationally intensive. Efficient speech synthesis using a lower computing budget to achieve quality on par with previous work remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we present FlashSpeech, a large-scale zero-shot speech synthesis system with approximately 5\% of the inference time compared with previous work. FlashSpeech is built on the latent consistency model and applies a novel adversarial consistency training approach that can train from scratch without the need for a pre-trained diffusion model as the teacher. Furthermore, a new prosody generator module enhances the diversity of prosody, making the rhythm of the speech sound more natural. The generation processes of FlashSpeech can be achieved efficiently with one or two sampling steps while maintaining high audio quality and high similarity to the audio prompt for zero-shot speech generation. Our experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of FlashSpeech. Notably, FlashSpeech can be about 20 times faster than other zero-shot speech synthesis systems while maintaining comparable performance in terms of voice quality and similarity. Furthermore, FlashSpeech demonstrates its versatility by efficiently performing tasks like voice conversion, speech editing, and diverse speech sampling. Audio samples can be found in https://flashspeech.github.io/.
Probabilistic Forecasting in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets: Simulating Peak and Off-Peak Prices

In this paper we include dependency structures for electricity price forecasting and forecasting evaluation. We work with off-peak and peak time series from the German-Austrian day-ahead price, hence we analyze bivariate data. We first estimate the mean of the two time series, and then in a second step we estimate the residuals. The mean equation is estimated by OLS and elastic net and the residuals are estimated by maximum likelihood. Our contribution is to include a bivariate jump component on a mean reverting jump diffusion model in the residuals. The models' forecasts are evaluated using four different criteria, including the energy score to measure whether the correlation structure between the time series is properly included or not. In the results it is observed that the models with bivariate jumps provide better results with the energy score, which means that it is important to consider this structure in order to properly forecast correlated time series.
Book review: Csernicskó, I. & M. Tóth: The Right to Education in Minority Languages & Csernicskó, I. et al Tévút az ukrán nyelvpolitikában

nonPeerReviewed
Time, knowledge &amp; space sharing : Science &amp; Discovery Centre - Lund Science Village

Byggnaderna står i landskapet och påverkar stadsstrukturen runtom där det skulpturala samspelet utav höljet &amp; marken transformeras på dess glasfasader. Här kommer tid, idéer, utrymme och kunskap delas genom skapandet av miljöer där deltagarna kan informera och åter-informeras av arkitektur omgiven. Dynamiken i rummen genererar kreativt tänkande och ökar den sociala interaktionen &amp; utbytet emellan genom de transformbara sekvenserna i de olika rumsliga upplevelserna.
Spinal physiological motion simulator and compensation method for a robotic spinal surgical system

During spinal surgery, spinal physiological motion (SPM) due to respiration can interfere with the operation. The patient is anesthetized and breathes passively with the aid of a respirator, causing periodic SPM. In this paper, a respiratory model based on the respirator flow waves is proposed; and a spinal physiological motion simulator (SPMS), which is based on a 3-RPS parallel mechanism, is developed for simulating the SPM due to the respiratory model. For compensating the SPM, a compensation algorithm based on weighted frequency linear combiner (WFLC), which can adapt to variation in the frequency and amplitude of a quasi-periodic signal, is used for a robotic surgical system in this paper. And finally, two experiments were carried out, one is to analyze the SPMS error and the other is to validate SPM compensation using the compensation algorithm.
Homotopy-Guided Adaptive Error Correction Frameworks for Fault-Tolerant Quantum Computing: A Multi-Scale Topological Approach

Abstract: Quantum error correction (QEC) is fundamental to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recent advances indicate that homotopy theory and related topological methods offer powerful tools for constructing adaptive, noise-resilient error correction frameworks. By critically interpreting findings across homological and homotopical quantum error correction studies, this paper proposes a multi-scale, homotopy-guided adaptive error correction (HGAEC) framework. Statistical analysis, visual models, and scientific methods support the design. This research highlights novel pathways for topological fault tolerance, dynamic code adaptation, and resource optimization in quantum systems.   Keywords:  Homotopy Theory, Quantum Error Correction, Fault-Tolerant Computing, Topological Codes, Adaptive Error Correction
Growth and Form of Planetary Seedlings: Results from a Sounding Rocket Microgravity Aggregation Experiment

In a second microgravity experiment on the formation of dust agglomerates by Brownian motion-induced collisions we find that the agglomerates have fractal dimensions as low as 1.4. Because of much better data, we are now able to derive the diffusion constant of the agglomerates as a function of mass, to show that a power law with an exponent of 1.7 describes the temporal evolution of the mean agglomerate mass very well and to prove that the collision cross section is proportional to the geometrical cross section. In addition to that we derived the universal mass-distribution function of the agglomerates.
Role of Human Resources Information System (Hris) in Accelerating Organizational Effectiveness – It Companies Perspective

In the contemporary situation of modernization and globalization, organizations intensely depend upon mechanical headway and advancement in the field of Information Technology. Progressions in its field have opened up more up-todate roads for associations and gave an upper hand by utilizing creative and modified arrangements. It has become a fundamental piece of the authoritative working and all the offices rely upon coordinated frameworks for getting sorted out, putting away, recovering, and looking into information. Today Internet and mechanization have encouraged openness, dependability, and exactness of data; improved authoritative viability, and gave an initiative edge by applying innovation in different tasks. HRIS or Human Resource Information System is an altered programming arrangement intended for assisting associations with robotizing and deal with their HR, finance, the executives, and bookkeeping exercises. HRIS influences the presentation of individuals, cycles, and key hierarchical methodologies via mechanizing key HR measures like enrolment, preparing, labour arranging, execution evaluation, and occupation examination and plan. The examination on HRIS should be done to show how the precise course of action of HR rehearses causes associations to accomplish their objectives and adjusts itself to the business procedure that it seeks after. HRIS – its information, selection, helpfulness, and interaction should be passed on to individuals so they use the advantages of HRIS to the ideal level. The point of this investigation is the act of documenting and its refreshing in chosen programming organizations in India. Additionally, it will likewise recommend sorting out its acts of HR into sound and adjusted HRIS rehearses that will profit the association to lessen its desk work and the touchy issue - protection can be kept up to the office. Its openness can likewise be guaranteed with the assistance of the reception of such kind of framework. So essentially, such investigations are should have been done to advise the value regarding receiving innovation in the working environment and recommends how rapidly it very well may be embraced and changed to a standard method of practices.
Using Statistical Calibration for Model Verification and Validation, Diagnosis of Model Inadequacy, and Improving Simulation Accuracy

The paper presents an application of statistical calibration techniques to a bracket design fatigue model simulated in COMSOL Multiphysics®. The calibration will tune the bracket’s material properties and fatigue characteristics. For illustrative purposes, the test data used to calibrate the simulation model will be generated from the same simulation routine with the addition of an intentionally applied bias and random noise to simulate model form and physical testing errors. The accuracy and conclusions from the statistically calibrated model will be compared with the uncalibrated model as well as a model calibrated with conventional error minimization methods. Multiple metrics will be shown which can be used for model validation, including a discrepancy map which characterizes inadequacies in the simulation. The metrics used in the comparison will also include results from optimization, sensitivity analysis, and propagation of uncertainties motivated by manufacturing variations during bracket fabrication. The results will demonstrate the importance of calibrating a model before drawing design conclusions.
The Role of the Constitutional Court in Legal Reform in Indonesia Through Judicial Review and Constitutional Legal Discovery

This essay examines how the Constitutional Court (MK) uses judicial review and constitutional law discovery (constitutional rechtsvinding) to strategically advance legal reform in Indonesia. The MK has the power to test laws against the constitution and interpret its fundamental principles as an organization that protects it, as stipulated in Article 24C of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and operationalized by Law Number 24 of 2003 as amended by Law Number 7 of 2020. The phenomenon of increasing requests for judicial review indicates a gap between written law and the need for substantive justice in society. In this context, constitutional judges are required not to simply be mouthpieces of the law, but to investigate and comprehend the concept of social justice as required by Law Number 48 of 2009 about Judicial Power, Article 5 paragraph (1). This study demonstrates that the MK actively participates as a force for legal reform that may bridge the gap between social fairness and legal certainty by using the progressive legal theory approach developed by Satjipto Rahardjo. Decisions from the Constitutional Court, including those made during the judicial review of the Electronic Information and Transactions Law and the Job Creation Law, demonstrate the institution's transformational role in maintaining the relevance of law to current developments. Thus, the integration of judicial review and constitutional legal discovery makes the Constitutional Court a key instrument in shaping a legal system that is adaptive, responsive, and substantively just.
Antimicrobial stewardship program: Fighting antimicrobial resistance in India

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant concern in India, contributing to increased medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and mortality. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSP) are organizational strategies in health-care systems designed to promote, monitor, and evaluate the rational use of antimicrobials to preserve their future effectiveness. The Indian council of medical research recognizes the need for AMS structures in healthcare institutions and has initiated actions to support this. These include developing an AMS curriculum, conducting workshops for increased awareness and education, and expanding surveillance of antimicrobial usage and resistance trends. However, many hospitals in India still lack structured processes for AMS, requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving various experts. AMSP contribute significantly to improving antibiotic use without compromising patient outcomes, such as optimal selection of agents, correct dosing, appropriate administration routes, and proper therapy duration. The aim is to enhance patient care and outcomes, reduce infection complications, and minimize the emergence of AMR. Key challenges faced in implementing AMS programs in India include lack of infrastructure and personnel, limited resources and funds, limited laboratory capability, absence of antibiotic prescription policy, irrational prescription and excessive use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, self-medication, inappropriate disposal of leftover antibiotics, lack of regulation, and treatment non-compliance. These challenges necessitate robust, collaborative, and multifaceted responses, including policy reform, investment in infrastructure development, expanded surveillance, improved professional practices, and public education.
CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume I Land and Water Engineering, Chapter 5 Irrigation and Drainage, Part 5.7 Off-Farm Conveyance and Distribution Systems

First paragraph: Irrigation is the artificial supply of water for agriculture, the controlled distribution of this water, and the removal of excess water to natural or artificial drains after the water has been used in an optimal way. The aim of the irrigation facilities is to divert water from a source and to bring it to the fields via a network of open or closed canals and/or pipes, and to evacuate excess water to outside the area via a drainage network to ensure or to improve agricultural production. A main aspect of irrigation is that the facilities are made, managed, and used by people. In view of its aim, an irrigation system has to be planned, constructed, operated, and managed in such a way that all of the farm fields in the commanded area will receive and discharge water in an appropriate, conveniently arranged, and adjustable manner.