ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Stage, Grade, and Survival in Bladder Cancer Using Genome-wide Expression Data: A Validation Study

Abstract                   Purpose: To evaluate performances of published gene signatures for the assessment of urothelial carcinoma.                   Experimental Design: We evaluated 28 published gene signatures designed for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of urothelial cancer. The investigated signatures include eight signatures for stage, five for grade, four for progression, and six for survival. We used two algorithms for classification, nearest centroid classification and support vector machine, and Cox regression to evaluate signature performance in four independent data sets.                   Results: The overlap of genes among the signatures was low, ranging from 11% among stage signatures to 0.6% among survival signatures. The published signatures predicted muscle-invasive and high-grade tumors with accuracies in the range of 70% to 90%. The performance for a given signature varied considerably with the validation data set used, and interestingly, some of the best performing signatures were not designed for the tested classification problem. In addition, several nonbladder-derived gene signatures performed equally well. Large randomly selected gene signatures performed better than the published signatures, and by systematically increasing signature size, we show that signatures with &amp;gt;150 genes are needed to obtain robust performance in independent validation data sets. None of the published survival signatures performed better than random assignments when applied to independent validation data.                   Conclusion: We conclude that gene expression signatures with &amp;gt;150 genes predict muscle-invasive growth and high-grade tumors with robust accuracies. Special considerations have to be taken when designing gene signatures for outcome in bladder cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 16(17); 4421–33. ©2010 AACR.
Youth-led social accountability among service providers optimizing sexual and reproductive health rights outcomes in Kilifi County, Kenya

&#x0D; Background: The demand side of the health system is gaining traction to improve health outcomes.  Among adolescents and youths, this is needed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where they account for the majority and demographic dividends require that they be healthy and productive to participate in national development. Unfortunately, at this transition age from childhood into adulthood, they experience many challenges such as malnutrition, poverty, school dropout rates, gender inequality, drug and substance abuse, mental ill-health, and menstrual hygiene and health challenges. Risky behaviors related to SRHR include unplanned pregnancies, gender and sexual orientation issues, gender-based violence, sexually transmitted infections, harmful cultural practices, and reproductive cancers.&#x0D; Methods: VSO PITCH Data for the youth accountability project addressed social accountability by service providers for youth-friendly information and services. The data tool used was the intersectional community scorecard collected through focused group discussion entries made at county health facilities by youth, service providers, and interface synthesis of satisfaction scores. These were uploaded onto a digital platform showing the number of FGDs, core indicators, satisfaction scores, reasons, recommendations, and action plans. This project was conducted in Kilifi County and two other counties.  &#x0D; Results: FGDs comprised 50% youth, 25% adults, 25% of mixed age range, and two persons with disability. All core indicators were unsatisfactory, &lt;50%, and did not meet the global standard for quality healthcare services. The satisfaction score for the number of staff providers was grossly underserved at 10%, with the youth demanding that they serve their own. A satisfaction score of 30% was reported due to a lack of disability services, privacy, youth space, inadequate quality of care including test kits for HIV, and discriminated and stigmatized LGBTQ+ with back-biting after delivery of services. &#x0D; Conclusion: Youth-led social accountability ensures service providers are responsive to the needs of adolescents and youth. The propulsion is by youth for youth who should be health literate on social accountability. More attention among service providers includes the provision of adequate competent staff, VCAT, compassionate and respectful care, and good interpersonal communication, meaningful engagement and reverse mentorship with adolescents and youth, and a focus on rights-based and intersectionality for better SRHR outcomes and youth development.
Protecting the whistleblower: preventing retaliation following a report of patient abuse in health‐care institutions

Health‐care providers throughout the USA face litigation and the threat of litigation on a daily basis due to claims of patient abuse. Hidden within the costs associated with defending patient abuse claims are the wrongful termination filings made by employees who claim they were retaliated against for their whistleblowing activity. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate why an employer would resort to retaliatory acts in the shadow of a patient abuse filing and to discuss what steps are currently taken to prove and investigate the validity of a retaliation claim. Included within the body of this paper are court decisions on the topics of whistleblowing protection and violation of public policy. These examples are illustrated so that recommendations can be provided that assist the employer in avoiding a wrongful discharge claim and help to conclude that retaliation against the whistleblower is a costly mistake even with the employment at‐will principle as a defense.
Non-linear Hall Effects: Mechanisms and Materials

This review presents recent breakthroughs in the realm of nonlinear Hall effects, emphasizing central theoretical foundations and recent experimental progress. We elucidate the quantum origin of the second-order Hall response, focusing on the Berry curvature dipole, which may arise in inversion symmetry broken systems. The theoretical framework also reveals the impact of disorder scattering effects on the nonlinear response. We further discuss the possibility of obtaining nonlinear Hall responses beyond the second order. We examine symmetry-based indicators essential for the manifestation of nonlinear Hall effects in time-reversal symmetric crystals, setting the stage for a detailed exploration of theoretical models and candidate materials predicted to exhibit sizable and tunable Berry curvature dipole. We summarize groundbreaking experimental reports on measuring both intrinsic and extrinsic nonlinear Hall effects across diverse material classes. Finally, we highlight some of the other intriguing nonlinear effects, including nonlinear planar Hall, nonlinear anomalous Hall, and nonlinear spin and valley Hall effects. We conclude with an outlook on pivotal open questions and challenges, marking the trajectory of this rapidly evolving field.
Do Small States Matter? : A comparative analysis of the discourses by three of the non-permanent members of the United Nations Security Council on the crisis in Libya and Syria between 2011 and 2012.

A new era of wars and instability have left the world shaken with the civil wars in Syria and Libya. Although there are many similarities with Syria and Libya, the two states did not have the same end due to actions by the United Nations Security Council. Libya resulted in a military humanitarian intervention, while Syria did not. Studies about the Security Council usually focuses on the actions of the Permanent Five members who holds institutional power and influence over the council, mostly due to their quantitative economic and military power, leaving smaller states, the non-permanent members out of research. The point of this study is to fill in the lacuna of the studies on the non-permanent members to see they behave in the council by how they problematize the crisis in Syria and Libya. This paper compares the discourses of Colombia, Portugal and South Africa, three of the non-permanent members of the Security Council between 2011-2012 in how they speak about the decision to intervene in Libya and not in Syria. To conduct my normative study I use Tal Dingott Alkopher’s study on Military Humanitarian Intervention Norms by analysing speeches found in UNSC meeting protocols that regarded Syria and Libya. I do this to find evidence for how these non-permanent members argue for or against norms of intervention. My results show that the non-permanent members are more aligned with intervention norms for Libya rather than Syria.
Optimizing School Bus Routes With Ant Colony Optimization: A Dynamic Approach To Sustainable Transportation Logistics

In response to the escalating demands of modern transportation and logistics within the educational sector, this paper presents a novel exploration of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) applied to school bus routing, a complex subset of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP). Traditional methods of addressing VRPs have proven insufficient in navigating the intricate requirements and dynamic nature of routing challenges, necessitating the adoption of more sophisticated heuristic and metaheuristic strategies. By harnessing ACO, inspired by the path-finding capabilities of ants via pheromone trails, this study introduces an innovative approach to dynamically optimize school bus routes. This optimization not only aims for efficiency in routing but also emphasizes environmental considerations and cost reduction. This research extends beyond the theoretical framework of ACO, incorporating practical applications and simulations that reflect real-world conditions such as fluctuating student attendance and varying traffic patterns. Through a comprehensive analysis that includes the development of a Python-based ACO model, calculation of transition probabilities, and a simulation of routing strategies, we demonstrate the algorithm's robustness and versatility. Additionally, we address critical factors such as time windows and bus capacity constraints, underscoring the model's adaptability to the multifaceted dimensions of school bus routing. The findings from this study highlight the significant advantages of applying ACO to VRPs, showcasing notable improvements in route efficiency, fuel consumption, and overall logistical execution compared to conventional routing methods. This research not only contributes to the existing body of knowledge on VRPs and ACO but also sets the stage for future explorations into dynamic routing optimization. It opens avenues for integrating advanced predictive models and real-time data analysis, promising further enhancements in transportation logistics and the potential for broad application across various sectors.
Joint Speech Recognition and Audio Captioning

5 pages, 2 figures. Accepted for ICASSP 2022
Time for a Sea Change: a Study of the Effectiveness of Biodiversity Conservation Measures and Marine Protected Areas Along Southern Thailand’s Andaman Sea Coastline

This study examines how Thailand’s biodiversity conservation measures affect fishing communities, especially in the marine protected areas (MPAs) on the Andaman Sea coastline. It documents the various efforts of the local fishing communities to protect the resources in the area. Also included are recommendations for government agencies, civil society and the international community. [PDF contains 94 pages]
Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security: Balancing Productivity, Environmental Conservation, and Human Health

Which exemplifies the grand challenge of feeding a rapidly expanding world population in an environment-friendly and health-supporting way. This paper examines the concept of sustainable agriculture and its implications for food security. It examines practices and technologies that will maintain or increase current productivity while challenging the line of thought that the health of the environment and agriculture must be mutually exclusive.• Choices - Offers eco-friendly, clean yields with lower environmental risks• Consequences - Addresses the social and economic aspects of new farming methods. Advantages and disadvantages for the implementation of these ecologically based farming systems are also considered.
Leveraging Bayesian deep learning and ensemble methods for uncertainty quantification in image classification: A ranking-based approach

Bayesian deep learning (BDL) has emerged as a powerful technique for quantifying uncertainty in classification tasks, surpassing the effectiveness of traditional models by aligning with the probabilistic nature of real-world data. This alignment allows for informed decision-making by not only identifying the most likely outcome but also quantifying the surrounding uncertainty. Such capabilities hold great significance in fields like medical diagnoses and autonomous driving, where the consequences of misclassification are substantial. To further improve uncertainty quantification, the research community has introduced Bayesian model ensembles, which combines multiple Bayesian models to enhance predictive accuracy and uncertainty quantification. These ensembles have exhibited superior performance compared to individual Bayesian models and even non-Bayesian counterparts. In this study, we propose a novel approach that leverages the power of Bayesian ensembles for enhanced uncertainty quantification. The proposed method exploits the disparity between predicted positive and negative classes and employes it as a ranking metric for model selection. For each instance or sample, the ensemble's output for each class is determined by selecting the top 'k' models based on this ranking. Experimental results on different medical image classifications demonstrate that the proposed method consistently outperforms or achieves comparable performance to conventional Bayesian ensemble. This investigation highlights the practical application of Bayesian ensemble techniques in refining predictive performance and enhancing uncertainty evaluation in image classification tasks.
Democratic governance and palliative care: Examining the interplay of political systems, economic status, and end-of-life care quality

This study examines the disparities in palliative care systems across different countries, focusing on the interplay between GDP, democracy, and their combined impact on the quality of death. Utilizing the Quality of Death Index (QODI) developed by the Economist Intelligence Unit, the research evaluates palliative care quality in 80 countries through 20 indicators across six domains: healthcare environment, human resources, affordability of care, quality of care, and community engagement. The findings highlight that while economic prosperity and democratic governance generally correlate with better palliative care outcomes, their integration significantly enhances end-of-life care. Wealthier countries often lead in palliative care quality due to substantial public healthcare spending and extensive training for medical personnel. However, exceptions exist, such as Uganda, which excels in palliative care despite a modest GDP, and Qatar, which lags despite economic wealth. These anomalies suggest that factors beyond economic wealth, including governmental support and community involvement, play critical roles. The study underscores the importance of fostering democratic governance practices and adopting community-based palliative care models, such as the Neighborhood Network Palliative Care in Kerala, India. Recommendations for policy actions include shifting away from generalized increases in funding and instead promoting context-sensitive policies that prioritize scalable and resource-efficient approaches in low-income countries. Additionally, the study emphasizes the importance of international collaboration and knowledge exchange to disseminate best practices and support the development of sustainable palliative care systems. This research provides a comprehensive perspective on the factors influencing palliative care quality and offers actionable strategies for improving palliative care globally, particularly in low-income and transitioning countries, ultimately benefiting patients and their families.
Modern project management approaches for effective business organization: economic analysis, risk assessment and business ethics

Introduction. In the context of economic, political, and market instability, an effective business organization is based on modern project management approaches that combine and take into account various aspects, including economic analysis, risk assessment, and business ethics. Innovative methods, approaches, mechanisms, and technologies improve and facilitate project development and management. The purpose of the paper is to identify modern approaches of project management based on economic analysis, risk assessment and business ethics for effective business organization in a dynamic environment. Results. In the paper modern approaches of management projects, that include an economic analysis, evaluation of risks and business-ethics and allow to promote efficiency of organization of business, are considered. It was found out that the program facilities of project management are concentrated in directions: a management, administration, resources and also system management projects, that combine budgeting, management, administration of processes, resources and terms. It was pointed on the fact that for companies that will realize several projects in a complex, a project portfolio design is recommended. It was found out that for implementation of analysis of co-ordination of project and objects of investing it is expedient to apply hieratical approach. It was found out that programmatic items for management risks can come forward as applications to the systems of the projects calendar planning, or by the particular programs. It was found out that for management modern projects social analysis and audit, and also observance of principles of digital business-ethics was necessary. Conclusion. The project approach is now an integral part of the business organization of modern companies, ensuring giving continuous development according to the market conditions. An effective project management system ensures the achievement of the strategic goals of the enterprises’ activities, their financial stability, and market position. However, in order to build a modern project management system, modern science-based approaches should be implemented, including economic analysis, risk assessment and management, as well as compliance with business ethics.
Toward Digital Phenotypes of Early Childhood Mental Health via Unsupervised and Supervised Machine Learning

Abstract                 Childhood mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and ADHD are commonly-occurring and often go undetected into adolescence or adulthood. This can lead to detrimental impacts on long-term wellbeing and quality of life. Current parent-report assessments for pre-school aged children are often biased, and thus increase the need for objective mental health screening tools. Leveraging digital tools to identify the behavioral signature of childhood mental disorders may enable increased intervention at the time with the highest chance of long-term impact. We present data from 84 participants (4-8 years old, 50% diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and/or ADHD) collected during a battery of mood induction tasks using the ChAMP System. Unsupervised Kohonen Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) constructed from movement and audio features indicate that age did not tend to explain clusters as consistently as gender within task-specific and cross-task SOMs. Symptom prevalence and diagnostic status also showed some evidence of clustering. Case studies suggest that high impairment (&gt;80th percentile symptom counts) and diagnostic subtypes (ADHD-Combined) may account for most behaviorally distinct children. Based on this same dataset, we also present results from supervised modeling for the binary classification of diagnoses. Our top performing models yield moderate but promising results (ROC AUC .6-.82, TPR .36-.71, Accuracy .62-.86) on par with our previous efforts for isolated behavioral tasks. Enhancing features, tuning model parameters, and incorporating additional wearable sensor data will continue to enable the rapid progression towards the discovery of digital phenotypes of childhood mental health.                                    Clinical Relevance                   This work advances the use of wearables for detecting childhood mental health disorders.
Predicting Friction System Performance with Symbolic Regression and Genetic Programming with Factor Variables

Friction systems are mechanical systems wherein friction is used for force transmission (e.g. mechanical braking systems or automatic gearboxes). For finding optimal and safe design parameters, engineers have to predict friction system performance. This is especially difficult in real-world applications, because it is affected by many parameters. We have used symbolic regression and genetic programming for finding accurate and trustworthy prediction models for this task. However, it is not straight-forward how nominal variables can be included. In particular, a one-hot-encoding is unsatisfactory because genetic programming tends to remove such indicator variables. We have therefore used so-called factor variables for representing nominal variables in symbolic regression models. Our results show that GP is able to produce symbolic regression models for predicting friction performance with predictive accuracy that is comparable to artificial neural networks. The symbolic regression models with factor variables are less complex than models using a one-hot encoding.
El efecto Orwell en la sociedad en red: ciberseguridad, régimen global de vigilancia social y derecho a la privacidad en el siglo XXI = The Orwell effect in the network society : cibersecurity, social surveillance global regime and right to privacy in the 21st century

En la sociedad en red, el desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación han creado nuevos retos relacionados con la libre circulación de datos, lo que hace necesario repensar el derecho a la privacidad. La investigación estudia la vigilancia y el derecho a la privacidad en la sociedad en red, problematizando en qué medida el régimen global de vigilancia social de datos personales puede afectar el derecho a la privacidad en el siglo XXI. El trabajo se divide en dos bloques: el primer sobre la vigilancia practicada por las redes de poder; y el segundo, sobre la alteración del paradigma del derecho a la privacidad hacia un régimen colectivo. Se concluye que el derecho a la privacidad ha sufrido por transformaciones desde una concepción clásica, hacia nuevas dimensiones, como el derecho a la autodeterminación informativa y a la protección de datos personales. En relación a la sociedad de vigilancia, el derecho a la privacidad puede ser utilizado como contravigilancia, exigiendo una actuación transparente, controlada y vigilada de los responsables y encargados del tratamiento de datos personales
The right to land of indigenous peoples : the case of Guatemala

Second semester University: University of Essex