ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Rethinking Genocidal Intent: An Interpretation under the International Law and the Jurisprudence of International Criminal Tribunals

Many criminal lawyers and scholars of criminal law have applied an analytical method to examine the elements of crime, and such elements are comprised of subjective elements (mens rea) and objective elements (actus reus). According to this, a crime is either an act or omission with a psychological bond relating to the physical act of the criminal. Regarding the crime of genocide, its elements are derived from the definition of genocide under the Genocide Convention and the Rome Statute. The Genocide Convention defines genocide as the commission of an act with the intent to destroy, either wholly or partly, a national, racial, ethnical, or religious group. However, the ‘genocidal intent’ or mental element to commit the crime of genocide was not considered in the military trials of Nuremberg and Tokyo. This ‘genocidal intent’ received its very first attention during the trials of two ad hoc international tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. This paper attempts to discuss the definition of genocide under the Genocide Convention and the Rome Statute. This paper, then, focuses on the mental element of genocide and the approach of the international criminal courts during the trial of genocide. Abstrak Banyak ahli hukum pidana dan sarjana hukum pidana telah menerapkan metode analisis untuk mengkaji unsur-unsur kejahatan dan unsur-unsur tersebut terdiri dari unsur subyektif (mens rea) dan unsur obyektif (actus reus). Menurut ini, kejahatan adalah perbuatan atau kelalaian dengan ikatan psikologis yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan fisik pelaku kejahatan. Mengenai kejahatan genosida, unsur-unsurnya diturunkan dari pengertian genosida di bawah Konvensi Genosida dan Statuta Roma. Konvensi Genosida mendefinisikan genosida sebagai tindakan yang bertujuan untuk menghancurkan baik seluruhnya atau sebagian, kelompok bangsa, ras, etnis atau agama. Namun, ‘niat genosida’ atau unsur mental untuk melakukan kejahatan genosida tidak dipertimbangkan dalam pengadilan militer di Nuremberg dan Tokyo. ‘Niat genosida’ ini mendapat perhatian pertama selama persidangan dua pengadilan internasional ad hoc untuk Bekas Yugoslavia dan Rwanda. Tulisan ini mencoba untuk membahas definisi genosida di bawah Konvensi Genosida dan Statuta Roma. Artikel tersebut kemudian berfokus pada unsur mental genosida dan pendekatan pengadilan pidana internasional selama persidangan genosida. Kata kunci: niat genosida, konvensi genosida, kelompok tertentu, hukum pidana internasional, penghancuran
The epigenetic regulation of cell cycle and chromatin dynamic by sirtuins

Tesi realitzada a l'Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)
The Conservation of Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea through Marine Protected Areas: The Barcelona System Faced with the Expansion of Coastal State Jurisdiction

Abstract      This paper tackles legal and policy issues concerning Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Mediterranean Sea. Since the 1970s, Mediterranean Countries have been at the forefront in international cooperation for the protection of marine ecosystems: notably, significant results have been achieved through the establishment of a network of Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Interest (SPAMIs). After framing the general legal context, the paper examines the specificities of the above network, while at the same time pointing out its weakness when put to the test of facts. Accordingly, some proposals are made for improving the SPAMI system, which include a better allocation of jurisdiction among coastal States in the case of transboundary MPAs. It is argued that in a delicate phase of transition, characterized by the proclamation of EEZs and the ensuing maritime delimitation disputes, the creation of SPAMI may enhance the spirit of cooperation among Mediterranean States with opposite or adjacent coasts and possibly represent an alternative to the definition of a precise maritime boundary. Most notably, the creation of transboundary SPAMIs appears worth further exploration in the context of the negotiations aimed at defining the boundaries of the Italian EEZ.
The Human Rights to Water and Sanitation

This analysis of the human rights to safe drinking water and sanitation (HRtWS) uncovers why some groups around the world are still excluded from these rights. Léo Heller, former United Nations Special Rapporteur on the human rights to water and sanitation, draws on his own research in nine countries and reviews the theoretical, legal, and political issues involved. The first part presents the origins of the HRtWS, their legal and normative meanings and the debates surrounding them. Part II discusses the drivers, mainly external to the water and sanitation sector, that shape public policies and explain why individuals and groups are included in or excluded from access to services. In Part III, public policies guided by the realization of HRtWS are addressed. Part IV highlights populations and spheres of living that have been particularly neglected in efforts to promote access to services.
Review the Mechanisms of action of Weevil on sweet potato and infestation of sweet potato feathery mottle virus and its management followed by cultural practice, biological control, chemical control and integrated pest management practice

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) is an important food crop affected by several pests throughout the world, especially in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions. Sweet potato weevil is the most disastrous pest affecting sweet potato plantations, causing millions of dollars losses annually. Insect pests of sweet potato are best controlled by integrated pest management (IPM) approaches. The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius, is the most important worldwide pest, however in some Caribbean nations, the West Indian sweet potato weevil, Euscepes post fasciatus, is the predominant species An effective integrated pest management (IPM) method will help to prevent economic losses, and it is crucial to understand the factors that contribute to weevil infestation, Sweet potato Feathery Mottle Virus (SPFMV) Aphid-transmitted posy virus, and strategies that are available to overcome them. This review summarizes the mechanisms of action of weevil on sweet potato and infestation of sweet potato Feathery Mottle Virus and its management followed by: (1) Cultural practice, (2) Biological control, (3) Chemical contoroll and discussion on current IPM practices used in the different, including intercropping, entomo pathogenic fungi and bacteria, sex pheromones, and pesticides. Weevils (Curculionidae) and Sweet potato Feathery Mottle Virus (SPFMV) were reportedly the most damaging pests and disease where present in crops. Symptoms of scab (caused by the fungus Elisnoe batatus) were the most common folia symptoms and this was the disease of most concern to farmers. Most producers reported root damage from the former and foliar damage from the latter but the general level of knowledge of pest and disease types was low. In this Term paper, we describe the current status and integrated pest management options for sweet potato pests and diseases.
"The politicization of climate security at the United Nations Security Council. A comparative study of France and Tunisia (2020-2021)"

En 2021, le vote d’une résolution de l’ONU visant à inclure le dérèglement climatique dans les stratégies de prévention des conflits a suscité de vives oppositions de la Chine, de l’Inde, et de la Russie, cette dernière ayant même mis son veto. Cet article entend montrer que ces clivages peuvent également être lus comme les conséquences d’un processus de politisation de l’enjeu de la sécurité climatique au Conseil de sécurité. Son objectif est de rendre compte des jeux d’acteurs, des coalitions et des luttes discursives autour de la définition d’une politique internationale de sécurité climatique. Il met ainsi en évidence une politisation « faible » du lien entre sécurité nationale et climat, qui montre une transposition faible de la construction militaire des crises climatiques au CSNU, et à l’inverse une politisation forte du lien entre sécurité humaine et climat, qui s’impose comme une position diplomatique commune à la Tunisie et à la France. Il s’appuie sur les données récoltées dans le cadre d’un projet réalisé auprès de l’Université de Hambourg entre 2018 et 2021, et s’intéresse en particulier au mandat 2018-2020 du Conseil, dans le contexte de la création du « Group of Friends on Climate and Security » et du « Climate Security Mechanism ».
Protection of Rights of Minors in Administrative Proceedings in the European Legal Framework

Juvenile justice is an essential element of the development of social justice provision for minors in all countries, thus enhancing the safety of youth and the maintenance of order in society. The aim of the research is to analyse the theoretical provisions and legal norms governing the administrative and legal protection of minors in European countries. It is also to formulate proposals and recommendations for the modernization of the legal framework for juvenile justice institutions’ functioning in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the set goal and objectives, a range of general and special research methods were used for a comprehensive analysis. The theoretical and practical significance of the article is determined by its relevance and novelty, with its focus on solving the most important problems facing protection of minors’ rights in the judicial process.
Building Error-Corrected Quantum Computers With Neutral-Atom Qubits

Neutral-atom qubits offer a promising platform for fault-tolerant quantum computing. We demonstrate a quantum computer—featuring 100s of atomic qubits, a universal gateset, and qubit movement—performing error correction and computation on 24-28 logical qubits.
Work engagement as a mediator between perceived organizational support and health science communication competency among medical staff: evidence from the JD-R model in tertiary public hospitals in China

Purpose                     In the ever-changing environment of health communication in digital technology, medical professionals have been identified as important information providers to the general public. In this respect, health science communication competency (HSCC) of medical professionals has been identified as an essential factor in health literacy. Perceived organizational support (POS) as a core job resource may be related to the development of HSCC among medical professionals through its effect on work engagement. Based on the Job Demands–Resources (JD-R) model, this study examines the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between POS and HSCC among medical professionals, thereby clarifying how organizational resources may influence professional competence through motivational processes.                                                           Design/methodology/approach                     Our study gathered data from 1,032 medical practitioners in four public tertiary hospitals in Dongguan, China. Through a cross-sectional study design and convenience sampling, the participants were required to fill out three different surveys, namely the Organizational Support for Science Communication Scale, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the HSCC Scale. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling (SEM) via SPSS 29.0 and AMOS 29.0.                                                           Findings                     From the study, it is evident that POS impacts work engagement in a positive manner among healthcare professionals. Work engagement is strongly and positively correlated with HSCC. The mediation study shows that work engagement partially mediates the relationship between POS and HSCC, where work engagement explains 26.86% of the total effect.                                                           Practical implications                     These findings imply that strengthening organizational support structures in hospitals may have a positive effect on the work engagement of medical professionals and their HSCC. Therefore, hospital management should consider how to optimize organizational support strategies, health communication training programs, and resource availability to encourage medical professionals to participate in health communication activities. This may have a positive effect on health communication effectiveness and the quality of health services.                                                           Originality/value                     By including HSCC as a capability-based professional outcome in the JD-R model, this study extends the applicability of the JD-R model to health communication in healthcare settings. The findings of this study provide empirical evidence that organizational resources and motivational processes jointly contribute to the development of professional communication competence in medical professionals.
84 years of Mexico´s land use planning: reflections for biodiversity conservation

The present work objective is to understad the changes in the planning and administration of land uses in Mexico and to explore its possible relationship with the current environmental crisis, this is carried out within the context of the complex relations between society and environment and politics. The work hypothesis assumes that Mexico, like other Latin American countries, has based its planning of land uses on the recommendations of international organizations for the benefit of society as a whole and this has eroded their natural capital. It presents in general the panorama of the biodiversity at world-wide level and the antecedents in the investigation of the factors influecing the changes of land use of the soil in Latin America. The results describe the complex of changes in the administration of land use and the state of natural resources in the period analyzed. Finally, we discuss international contexts and the role of social actors in landscape transformation in Mexico. Our approach to the analysies will provide feedback of the successes and errors in the design of Mexican public policies in land use, hopefully providing a gateway to opening-up a more honest debate on the subject.
Self-supervised Learning Approach for Excavator Activity Recognition Using Contrastive Video Representation

Detecting construction equipment and classifying their activities are important steps for evaluating their performance and productivity on construction sites. To this end, many automated activity monitoring frameworks based on computer vision have been developed. However, most of the current state-of-the-art activity recognition methods for construction equipment are based on supervised deep learning methods. A major drawback of these approaches is that large, annotated datasets are required for each equipment and activity. To address this problem, this work adapts and customizes the self-supervised, spatiotemporal contrastive video representation learning method for excavator activity recognition. Self-supervised methods use the spatiotemporal information present in video frames as a source of information for pre-training a deep neural network without labels, which is then fine-tuned using a few labeled data. The results show the potential of this method, obtaining the recognition accuracy of 84.6% while using only 10% of the labeled data in an available dataset.
A pedestrian's guide to the topological phases of free fermions

These lecture notes explain the classification of some simple fermionic topological phases of matter in a pedestrian manner, with an aim to be maximally pedagogical = doing things in excruciating detail. We focus on a many-body perspective, even if many of the models we work with are non-interacting. We start out with symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases of free fermions that are protected by U(1) symmetry = topological insulators. We then look at fermion topological phases that don't even need a symmetry = topological superconductors, and explain how their classification changes in presence of spinless time-reversal symmetry. We close by perturbatively checking which of the 1D topological phases we had found are stable to interactions.
Application of data warehouse and OLAP processes for retail analytics

Retail organizations increasingly rely on heterogeneous operational platforms, including point-of-sale systems, customer relationship management applications, cloud data stores, and locally administered databases. Although these platforms are valuable for transaction processing, they often generate fragmented, duplicated, and semantically inconsistent data that constrain enterprise reporting, forecasting, and customer intelligence. This paper substantially extends a conceptual SwiftMart case into a full design-and-evaluation study of a retail data warehouse and Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) framework. The proposed artifact combines a Kimball-style dimensional architecture, a governed extract-transform-load (ETL) pipeline, conformed dimensions, and materialized OLAP summaries for managerial analytics. To ground the case empirically, the framework is evaluated using the open-access UCI Online Retail dataset, which contains 541,909 transaction records from a UK-based online retailer covering 1 December 2010 to 9 December 2011. The experiment transforms raw transactions into a star schema with 524,878 curated fact rows, 19,960 orders, 4,355 customer members, 4,158 product members, and 38 countries. Four representative analytical workloads are benchmarked across three storage designs: a normalized operational data store, a dimensional warehouse, and materialized aggregate tables. The dimensional warehouse reduces mean latency by 42.3% relative to baseline joins, while materialized aggregates reduce latency by approximately 99.9%. A forecasting demonstration on warehouse-generated daily revenue aggregates further shows that a random forest model outperforms a naive benchmark, achieving an RMSE of 23,715.84 versus 34,055.29. The paper contributes an end-to-end reference architecture for retail analytics, together with dimensional design rationale, mathematical formulations, algorithms, empirical results, and implementation guidance relevant to both academic researchers and practitioners.
Investigations of Computational Physics on Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density Plasmas

博士学位論文 (Thesis(doctor)) 要約のみ
Benchmarking Fairness-aware Graph Neural Networks in Knowledge Graphs

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for learning from graph-structured data but often produce biased predictions with respect to sensitive attributes. Fairness-aware GNNs have been actively studied for mitigating biased predictions. However, no prior studies have evaluated fairness-aware GNNs on knowledge graphs, which are one of the most important graphs in many applications, such as recommender systems. Therefore, we introduce a benchmarking study on knowledge graphs. We generate new graphs from three knowledge graphs, YAGO, DBpedia, and Wikidata, that are significantly larger than the existing graph datasets used in fairness studies. We benchmark inprocessing and preprocessing methods in different GNN backbones and early stopping conditions. We find several key insights: (i) knowledge graphs show different trends from existing datasets; clearer trade-offs between prediction accuracy and fairness metrics than other graphs in fairness-aware GNNs, (ii) the performance is largely affected by not only fairness-aware GNN methods but also GNN backbones and early stopping conditions, and (iii) preprocessing methods often improve fairness metrics, while inprocessing methods improve prediction accuracy.
EXAMINING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MANAGERS' TOXIC LEADERSHIP BEHAVIORS AND EMPLOYEES' ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL HAPPINESS

This study aims to investigate the relationship between managers' toxic leadership behaviors and employees' organizational commitment and organizational happiness. The research was designed using a quantitative research method and a correlational survey model. The population of the study consists of employees working under the Youth and Sports Provincial Directorate as of the year 2023, and the sample includes 285 employees selected through random sampling from this population. The data of the study were collected through scale instruments administered to participants via the internet. The scales used in the study include a personal information form, toxic leadership scale, organizational commitment scale, and organizational happiness scale. The data obtained from the research were analyzed using the SPSS 25 software package. The data analysis involved the use of descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses. Based on the data collected from the research, it was found that employees' perceptions of toxic leadership were low, perceptions of organizational commitment were moderate, and perceptions of organizational happiness were high. Toxic leadership, organizational commitment, and organizational happiness perceptions were not found to differ significantly based on gender, age, and tenure variables. According to the research findings, there was a low negative relationship between employees' perceptions of toxic leadership and organizational commitment, a moderate negative relationship between employees' perceptions of toxic leadership and organizational happiness, and a moderate positive relationship between employees' perceptions of organizational happiness and organizational commitment. The sub-dimensions of the toxic leadership scale, namely narcissism and selfishness, were found to be significant predictors of organizational commitment, and employees' perceptions of toxic leadership accounted for approximately 11% of the total variance. Additionally, the sub-dimensions of the toxic leadership scale, namely negative mood, narcissism, and selfishness, were found to be significant predictors of organizational happiness, and employees' perceptions of toxic leadership accounted for approximately 26% of the total variance.
Digital Phenotyping: Data-Driven Psychiatry to Redefine Mental Health

The term “digital phenotype” refers to the digital footprint left by patient-environment interactions. It has potential for both research and clinical applications but challenges our conception of health care by opposing 2 distinct approaches to medicine: one centered on illness with the aim of classifying and curing disease, and the other centered on patients, their personal distress, and their lived experiences. In the context of mental health and psychiatry, the potential benefits of digital phenotyping include creating new avenues for treatment and enabling patients to take control of their own well-being. However, this comes at the cost of sacrificing the fundamental human element of psychotherapy, which is crucial to addressing patients’ distress. In this viewpoint paper, we discuss the advances rendered possible by digital phenotyping and highlight the risk that this technology may pose by partially excluding health care professionals from the diagnosis and therapeutic process, thereby foregoing an essential dimension of care. We conclude by setting out concrete recommendations on how to improve current digital phenotyping technology so that it can be harnessed to redefine mental health by empowering patients without alienating them.