ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Impacts of land-use change on mammal diversity in the upper reaches of Minjiang River, China: Implications for biodiversity conservation planning

The objective of this study was to assess land use change and the related biodiversity variations in the forest landscape of the upper reaches of Minjiang River, China. We examined temporal changes of land use at different periods. Remotely sensed images taken in 1974, 1986 and 2000 were rectified and classified based on the physiognomic characteristics of the vegetation. We applied landscape pattern metrics based on landscape composition, the shape and size of patches and patch isolation. We also calculated the suitable area for mammals in the upper reaches of Minjiang River and biodiversity of medium and large-sized mammals with Genera-Family index (G-F index). As a result of timber harvesting and increase of population, the forest area decreased and other land-use types increased. The suitable area for mammals decreased by 81,339 ha from 1974 to 2000, about 21.55% of the habitat in 1974. The number of medium and large-sized mammal species had decreased from 31 to 26, with G-F index decreased by 0.11, about 20% that of 1974. It can be concluded that landscape change and suitable habitat play an important role in protecting mammal diversity.
Social Media and Self-Perception: Investigating the Role of Online Validation on Adolescent Mental Health

This study examined the prevalence and patterns of validation-seeking behavior among a diverse sample, utilizing a standardized 1–5 Likert scale measure. Data from 312 participants revealed that most individuals scored within the moderate–high range (42.3%), followed by high (27.6%), moderate–low (21.2%), and low (9.0%) categories. The overall mean score was 3.9 (SD = 0.8), indicating a general tendency toward above-average reliance on external approval. Findings suggest that while moderate levels of validation-seeking may facilitate healthy social functioning, higher levels could be indicative of potential psychosocial vulnerabilities, such as low self-esteem or overdependence on external feedback. Comparisons with previous studies revealed consistency in the association between excessive validation-seeking and reduced well-being, particularly in contexts involving social media and peer feedback. The discussion highlights theoretical implications within self-determination and social comparison frameworks, emphasizing the dual adaptive–maladaptive nature of this construct. Recommendations focus on promoting self-reflection, fostering autonomy-supportive environments, and implementing social media literacy programs to mitigate risks associated with excessive validation dependence. Future research should adopt longitudinal and experimental designs to explore causal relationships and assess culturally specific patterns. Overall, the results underscore the need for targeted interventions and continued research to balance the benefits of validation in social engagement with the potential harms of overreliance on external affirmation.
Systems and Synthetic Biology from Models to Experiments on Networks and Genetic Circuits The role of noise in biological systems.

Systems and Synthetic biology are emerging fields at the intersection of Biology, Physics and Engineering whose aim is to develop a systematic approach to the comprehension design and implementation of existing and new biological systems capable of performing a desired task. One of the main challenges is to adapt classical engineering strategies such as standardization, decoupling and abstraction to the inherent complexity of biological systems, a task made more difficult by our only partial understanding of the underlying biological principles. In this article we address the different modeling strategies that have been developed to analyze and design the behavior of the basic biological parts utilized and their interconnections, with a particular focus on gene regulatory networks.
Select or Project? Evaluating Lower-dimensional Vectors for LLM Training Data Explanations

Gradient-based methods for instance-based explanation for large language models (LLMs) are hindered by the immense dimensionality of model gradients. In practice, influence estimation is restricted to a subset of model parameters to make computation tractable, but this subset is often chosen ad hoc and rarely justified by systematic evaluation. This paper investigates if it is better to create low-dimensional representations by selecting a small, architecturally informed subset of model components or by projecting the full gradients into a lower-dimensional space. Using a novel benchmark, we show that a greedily selected subset of components captures the information about training data influence needed for a retrieval task more effectively than either the full gradient or random projection. We further find that this approach is more computationally efficient than random projection, demonstrating that targeted component selection is a practical strategy for making instance-based explanations of large models more computationally feasible.
The Role and Effectiveness of National Action Plans as Soft Law Tools to Implementing United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security - With a case study of Nepal’s National Action Plan on Implementation of UNSCRs 1325 and 1820

This thesis provides insight to the capacity of soft law to strengthening and reinforcing obligations of international law, and specifically of soft law’s role in furthering the human rights of women, through an assessment of National Action Plans (NAPs) as soft law tools to advancing the implementation of United Nations Security Council Resolution (UNSCR) 1325. To that end, this dissertation has two main objectives: The first is to evaluate whether NAPs can compensate for UNSCR 1325’s criticized lack of accountability mechanisms and lack of ability to translate into meaningful changes for women on the ground, by providing clear targets and benchmarks that constitute the compliance pull necessary for States to implement the women, peace and security (WPS) normative framework. The second main objective is to assess the capacity of NAPs to enabling the effective implementation of international law in a post-conflict context through a case study on Nepal’s NAP on UNSCRs 1325 and 1820.
Sukarno, Gandhi and Rizal: Asian role models for self-determination and decolonization aspirations of Pacific island countries

This article highlights exponents of Asian nationalism, who followed a strategy of non-violent acting to achieve the political goal, in their capacity for being role models for Pacific Islands nations in their struggle for independence and/ or autonomy from the 1960s onwards. Starting form the fact that precursory developments had taken place for preparing the way for local players in Oceania for their aspirations for decolonization, three examples – Papua New Guinea, Fiji and Guam – are mentioned. This is a first sketch, which shall invite for a more detailed future research about the impact of Asian political activists on Pacific Islanders political leaders.
Post-Hoc Explanation of AI Predictions in Wildfire Risk Mapping Through an Interactive Web-Based GeoXAI System

Abstract           This case study presents an innovative approach for explaining wildfire susceptibility through a web-based Geospatial eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (GeoXAI) system. By addressing limitations in traditional GeoXAI tools, such as the lack of geographical context for model predictions and local explanation, this system integrates state-of-the-art XAI methods with open-source geospatial technologies. Applied to the wildfire-prone regions of Berlin and Brandenburg, Germany, the system combines environmental, topographic, and meteorological features derived from high-resolution geospatial data for training a Random Forest (RF) model. The web-based GeoXAI system enables interactive exploration of the model output and its features, allowing users to visualize wildfire susceptibility, examine feature contributions, and correlate predictions with spatial patterns through post-hoc interpretability. By employing post-hoc explanation methods like SHAP, the system offers clear insights into model predictions by analyzing feature contributions after training, which helps users better understand AI-driven outcomes. Designed with a user-centered approach, the platform promotes trust and usability through transparent predictions, interactive geovisualizations, and local explanations, allowing users to navigate spatial data intuitively by exploring overviews, focusing on specific regions, and accessing detailed insights on demand. This work highlights the potential of combining GeoXAI with machine learning to improve decision-making in wildfire prevention and management.
‘The role of the United Nations Security Council in addressing the challenges brought by Climate Change'

Climate change is an inevitable scenario that already endangers millions of lives. The phenomenon occurs in an area of international law where there is an urgent need for international co-operation in order to solve the problem. It is a global problem that needs a global solution. Since treaty-based collaborations, aimed at battling the consequences of climate change, have been difficult to achieve or implement, the question arises whether the United Nations Security Council, with its ability to pass binding resolutions, could thus be a successful alternative to address the issues resulting from climate change. In contrast to conventional treatymaking, United Nations Security Council Resolution are often more efficient in their decision making as they require less compromise and can result in a stronger impact due to faster implementation.
Natural Language Processing for Electronic Health Records in Scandinavian Languages: Norwegian, Swedish, and Danish

45 pages including the appendix, 9 figures in the main manuscript and 11 figures in the Appendix
Genomic Analysis of Cephalosporin Resistance in Salmonella: A One Health Perspective on the Transmission of Resistance Genes between Animals, Humans, and the Environment in Punjab, Pakistan

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella, particularly to third-generation cephalosporins, is a rising public health threat, especially in developing regions with dense human-animal-environment interactions. This study evaluates cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella through a One Health lens in Punjab, Pakistan, using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to uncover resistance mechanisms and transmission dynamics. Phenotypic resistance was determined through antimicrobial susceptibility testing, while genotypic resistance was characterized using WGS. Phylogenetic analysis and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to map potential transmission routes. Salmonella was isolated from 33.4% of samples, with the highest prevalence in poultry (42%). Cephalosporin resistance was phenotypically observed in 52.7% of isolates, with 72.7% being ESBL-producers. WGS revealed the presence of CTX-M-15 (58%), TEM-1 (29.5%), and CMY-2 (20.5%) among resistant strains. Significant SNP-based phylogenetic relatedness was observed between human, animal, and environmental isolates, indicating active cross-sector transmission. Notably, poultry and wastewater sources were major transmission hubs. This study presents robust genomic evidence that cephalosporin-resistant Salmonella is circulating across animal, human, and environmental sectors in Punjab, Pakistan, with poultry acting as a key reservoir. The detection of widespread resistance genes such as CTX-M-15, TEM-1, and CMY-2, along with evidence of mobile genetic elements (e.g., IncFII, IncI2 plasmids), underscores the critical role of horizontal gene transfer in resistance propagation. The strong genetic relatedness between isolates from live bird markets, hospitals, and wastewater suggests ongoing transmission across the One Health spectrum.
Analysis of Undesirable Events Scenarios in Water Supply System by Means of Fault Tree Method

Analysis of Undesirable Events Scenarios in Water Supply System by Means of Fault Tree Method                The operation of water distribution subsystem (WDS) is inseparably linked with the possibility of occurrence of failures, which are often random. Such events can cause interruptions in the supply of water or secondary water pollution in the water-pipe network, which main reason are unfavourable hydraulic conditions of the network operation (low-speed flow), combined with older pipelines or chemical instability of water. In order to determine stationary and unstationary likelihood of occurrence of peak undesirable event (threat to water consumers) Fault Tree Analysis was used, utilizing BlockSim 7. The expanded fault tree for different combinations of failure scenarios, was analysed. The paper contains the methodology of the analysis and an example of application.
Uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin sağlanmasında Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi ve Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyi ilişkisi = Relationship between International Criminal Court and United Nations Security council in ensuring international peace and security /

Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesini kuran Roma Statüsü, Roma'da 15 Haziran 1998 tarihinde başlayan Tam Yetkili Temsilcilerden Oluşan Birleşmiş Milletler Diplomatik Konferansı'nda, 17 Temmuz 1998 tarihinde kabul edildi ve 1 Temmuz 2002'de yürürlüğe girdi. Uluslararası toplumun tamamını ilgilendiren ve en ağır insanlık suçlarını yargılamak için kurulan UCM, kendisinden önce kurulan mahkemelerin aksine daimi bir mahkemedir ve uluslararası bir anlaşmaya dayalı olarak kurulmuştur. Mahkeme'nin yargı yetkisine giren suçlar, savaş suçu, soykırım suçu, insanlığa karşı suçlar ve saldırı suçları olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu suçlar, özellikleri bakımından başta saldırı suçu, suçların en kötüsü olarak kabul edilmekte, işlendikleri zaman uluslararası barış ve güvenliği tehdit etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, UCM uluslararası suçları yargıladığı ve faillerini cezalandırdığı zaman, uluslararası cezai adaletin yanı sıra, uluslararası güvenliğin korunmasına da katkı sağlamaktadır. Suçları işleyenlerin uluslararası daimi bir mahkemede yargılanması, aynı zamanda caydırıcılık da oluşturmaktadır. Yargı yetkisi bakımından Mahkemenin en önemli özelliklerinden birisi, Güvenlik Konseyi ile olan ilişkisidir. UCM, uluslararası bir sözleşmeyle kurulduğu için, Güvenlik Konseyi'nin tali bir organı değildir. Ancak Roma Statüsü, UCM'nin yargı yetkisi üzerinde, bazı durumlar için Güvenlik Konseyi'ne önemli yetkiler vermektedir. Ayrıca Statü, md. 13 ve md. 16'da Güvenlik Konseyi'nin UCM'nin yargı yetkisi üzerindeki yetkilerini düzenlemiştir. Statü md. 13 Güvenlik Konseyi'ne, Birleşmiş Milletler Sözleşmesi'nin VII. Bölümü'ne dayanarak, uluslararası barış ve güvenliğin sağlanması için, Statü kapsamındaki bir suçu UCM önüne getirebilme yetkisi vermektedir. Statü md. 16 ise Güvenlik Konseyi'ne, yine aynı amaçla UCM önüne bir durumun gelmesini ya da görülmekte olan bir davanın, 12 ay süreyle ertelenmesini, UCM'den isteme hakkı vermektedir. Çalışmanın amacı bu yetkilerin UCM üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Uluslararası Ceza Mahkemesi, uluslararası suçlar, Birleşmiş Milletler, Güvenlik Konseyi, Roma Statüsü, md. 13, md. 16, ABD, veto yetkisi, saldırı suçu, tamamlayıcılık ilkesi.
Measuring Resilience of Emergency Service Critical Infrastructure Elements in the Context of Population Protection

Emergency service critical infrastructure elements are central elements in the systems used to protect the population. All branches of the integrated rescue system in the Czech Republic, especially the Fire Rescue Service of the Czech Republic (FRS), belong to this group of elements as key elements that specify and fulfil tasks to protect the population. The buildings used by FRS units face a considerable number of threats that increase their vulnerability and can subsequently disrupt their operations. In order to ensure the preparedness and subsequent operability of FRS stations, knowing the resilience of these elements, i.e. their preparedness against the effects of internal or external threats, is necessary. The article reviews various currently described resilience evaluation methods as well as the CIERA method and their application in selected elements of critical infrastructure emergency services.
The HyDAPI framework: a versatile tool integrating Lean Six Sigma and digitalisation for improved quality management in Industry 4.0

Purpose Quality management practitioners have yet to cease the potential of digitalisation. Furthermore, there is a lack of tools such as frameworks guiding practitioners in the digital transformation of their organisations. The purpose of this study is to provide a framework to guide quality practitioners with the implementation of digitalisation in their existing practices.   Design/methodology/approach A review of literature assessed how quality management and digitalisation have been integrated. Findings from the literature review highlighted the success of the integration of Lean manufacturing with digitalisation. A comprehensive list of Lean Six Sigma tools were then reviewed in terms of their effectiveness and relevance for the hybrid digitisation approach to process improvement (HyDAPI) framework.   Findings The implementation of the proposed HyDAPI framework in an industrial case study led to increased efficiency, reduction of waste, standardised work, mistake proofing and the ability to root cause non-conformance products.   Research limitations/implications The activities and tools in the HyDAPI framework are not inclusive of all techniques from Lean Six Sigma.   Practical implications The HyDAPI framework is a flexible guide for quality practitioners to digitalise key information from manufacturing processes. The framework allows organisations to select the appropriate tools as needed. This is required because of the varying and complex nature of organisation processes and the challenge of adapting to the continually evolving Industry 4.0.   Originality/value This research proposes the HyDAPI framework as a flexible and adaptable approach for quality management practitioners to implement digitalisation. This was developed because of the gap in research regarding the lack of procedures guiding organisations in their digital transition to Industry 4.0.
Fault tree analysis of the causes of urban smog events associated with vehicle exhaust emissions: A case study in Jinan, China

The excessive consumption of fuels associated with rapid industrialization, urbanization, and modernization has caused serious smog events in many Chinese cities. Vehicle exhaust is one of the primary causes of smog events due to the rapid growth of motor vehicle ownership and increased fuel consumption. In this study, fault tree analysis (FTA) was used as a relatively simple but effective way to analyze the causes of smog associated with vehicle exhaust emissions in Jinan, China. First, after the identification of the top event, intermediate events, and basic events, a comprehensive fault tree system for urban smog associated with vehicle exhaust emissions was constructed. Then, during the qualitative analysis stage, minimal cut sets (MCSs) were grouped using Boolean algebra operations, and the original fault tree was simplified to an equivalent tree based on 6 MCSs. Finally, during the quantitative analysis stage, the effects of the 12 basic events on the top event were evaluated and ranked according to the structural importance, probabilistic importance, and critical importance of their analytical measures. Our results indicated that traffic congestion, superabundance of vehicles, poor supervision, and yellow-label vehicles with long use ages had the greatest impact on smog events, with importance degrees of 0.52930, 0.52920, 0.22719, and 0.22716, respectively. These results are consistent with common sense. Although different basic events exert different influences, all of the basic events should be comprehensively taken into consideration and corresponding precautionary measures developed. This research provides a good case study of the application of FTA in the analysis of the causes of urban smog events associated with vehicle exhaust emissions. Our study further demonstrates that FTA is a relatively simple but effective method for the causal analysis of smog, as well as an effective tool for environmental risk management.
Integrated Genetic Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases: The Chagas Model

Genetic typing of pathogenic agents and of vectors has known impressive developments in the last 10 years, thanks to the progresses of molecular biology, and to the contribution of the concepts of evolutionary genetics. Moreover, we know more and more on the genetic susceptibility of man to infectious diseases. I propose here to settle a new, synthetic field of research, which I call 'integrated genetic epidemiology of infectious diseases' (IGEID). I aim at evaluating, by an evolutionary genetic approach, the respective impact, on the transmission and pathogenicity of infectious diseases, of the host's, the pathogen's and the vector's genetic diversity, and their possible interactions (co-evolution phenomena). Chagas' disease constitutes a fine model to develop the IGEID methodology, by both field and experimental studies.
Stomach Simulator for Analysis and Validation of Surgical Endoluminal Robots

A testing environment that imitates gastric geometry and contractile activity is necessary to analyse and validate endoluminal surgical robotic devices developed for gastric pathologies. To achieve this goal, a silicone stomach model and a mechanical setup to simulate gastric contractile motion were designed and fabricated. The developed stomach simulator was validated and its usefulness was demonstrated by means of internal pressure measurements and self-assembly tests of mock-ups of capsule devices. The results demonstrated that the stomach simulator is helpful for quantitative evaluation of endoluminal robotic devices beforein-vitro/in-vivoexperiments.
Assessment of risk management and efficiency of bank branches using network data envelopment analysis

The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of bank branches by using the data envelopment analysis models (DEA) in three stages, the effect of risk on the efficiency. This study used BCC and CCR indicators. The data used is related to 30 bank branches in 2020. The most crucial goal was simultaneously testing risk and efficiency in three stages. Results showed that in the case of CCR with risk-taking, 17 practical branches with a performance score of 100, and the rest were inefficient. The average risk-taking efficiency is also 0.9. The risk-based BCC model has also been used, with 19 branches with a performance score of 100 and the remainder inefficient. The efficiency of the branches using the CCR model includes 10 efficient branches, and the remaining branches are unproductive. By implementing the BCC model, efficient branches have 13 effective branches, and the remaining inefficiencies that have been effective after applying the risk factor in the second model, are Roodsar Branches and Imam and Chaboksar Blvd. Comparative analysis can help managers recognise where improvement should be prioritised, and inefficient branches become efficient in an operational plan.