ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Concession Rights Overlapping on Indigenous Peoples’ Access to Natural Resources on Customary Lands

The overlapping concessions rights in customary land is a complicated legal and social issue in Indonesia because it deals directly with how indigenous peoples can access the natural resources, which are the source of their livelihoods. Much of the traditional environment managed by indigenous peoples for centuries has been titled to mining, forestry and plantation companies providing resource concession rights with disputed ownership, environmental damages and loss of traditional living space. So the key point is the very narrow recognition of customary rights by the state and desynchronized regulations between natural resources management, which affects directly the protection of indigenous peoples. This research follows a normative juridical method, with legislative and conceptual analysis, to analyze the legal foundation for the superposition of concessions in indigenous lands and its forms and consequences. Data were collected from literature review, legislation analysis, court judgments and complaints filed at relevant institutions. This study is aimed at tracing the types of concession overlap on transnational traditional lands possessing natural resources and evaluate its environmental and economic impacts on indigenous peoples usage of these resources. The study indicates that overlapping concession rights have resulted in constraining the room for indigenous peoples’ management, forest and water body damage, and reduction of local economic welfare. As a result, reforms in land and natural resource management should be environmentally sustainable and obey the collective rights of indigenous peoples.
SDG 2. End Hunger, Achieve Food Security and Improved Nutrition and Promote Sustainable Agriculture

Abstract                   Drawing on initiatives held in various countries, the chapter advocates for a multi-stakeholder approach in making decisions related to food systems. By prioritizing local perspectives, diverse stakeholder participation, and equitable decision-making, this approach ensures policies that are responsive to unique contexts, thus contributing to sustainable and culturally sensitive development. Within these forums, local communities share traditional knowledge and expertise, influencing policy formulation that respects social specifics. Importantly, direct engagement of communities in land use, resource management, and agricultural practices helps preserve territorial identities. The chapter also discusses historical examples where development policies, such as the “green revolution,” disregarded traditional practices and local identity in favor of Western agricultural models. This resulted in negative consequences, including the loss of biodiversity, environmental degradation, and economic vulnerability among small farmers.
Combining satellite image data and field observations to characterize fresh-water carbonates in Kurkur Oasis, Southern Egypt

Abstract     Several fresh-water carbonate deposits (tufa and travertine) were formed at different elevations within the Kurkur paleolake, 50 km west of Aswan, Egypt. Such paleolake was unique and confined in sag between the cuesta and the capping platform of Sin El-Kaddabaa Plateau. This work aims at integrating the  remote sensing   data together with the chemical and petrographic analyses to map and characterize these  tufa  and    travertine   deposits to define their paleo-depositional environment. A  DEM   with 2.5 m spatial resolution was generated from two ALOS/PRISM images to show geomorphological and hydrological parameters. In addition, full-polarimetric SAR data were used to investigate the scattering response of these tufa and travertine deposits. These deposits show a volume scattering response, with an increase in the pedestal height of the co- and cross-polarized signatures. The tufa and travertine deposits range from Pleistocene (older upper level) to Recent (younger lower level). The young tufa is hard, light brown porous and thinly-laminated, while the old tufa is generally coarse crystalline and consists of columnar pseudo denderitic  calcite  crystals. The travertine displays a stromatolitic fabric, where thin dark micritic algal laminae alternate with relatively thick calcitic bands (∼1 cm). Conducted XRD and chemical analyses reveal that these tufa and travertine are entirely composed of low magnesium calcite, with traces of quartz (   13C and δ18 O values suggest that the old tufa have been developed during warm pluvial periods, while the younger ones were precipitated in drier periods. Two hypotheses were introduced to explain the changes in the  hydrological regime  of Kurkur paleolake; the first proposes a hydrological breaching due to water overflow on the lake's low periphery areas that led to their desiccation (where the tufa and travertine were deposited) and the second is the possible integration into the regional drainage networks of the area presently occupied by Lake Nasser.
Pulsating Heat Pipe Experiments for Microgravity Sounding Rocket Tests

Two flat plate diffusion-bonded pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) for the thermal management and heat dissipation of concentrated heat flux in electronics applications, such as aboard satellites and spacecraft, were specially developed for future tests aboard a sounding rocket in microgravity conditions. Both devices contain 26 channels with round cross sections, one with ultrasharp lateral grooves in the evaporator. Two heat sinks were tested: a water-cooling bath for the thermal characterization of the PHPs, and a copper box with a phase change material (dodecahydrate bibasic sodium phosphate) to be qualified as the heat storage for future microgravity tests. Water was used as the working fluid. The best filling ratio (relative to the total internal volume of the PHPs) was experimentally determined to be 50%, for which the devices presented the earliest startup and the lowest thermal resistance, around 0.033°C/W for the grooved PHP. This research proposes an efficient and alternative cooling method, the phase change material storage, to be used as a heat sink in future microgravity tests. Also, the microgravity effect on the thermal performance of such PHPs can be assessed by comparing the present results with future microgravity data obtained in an experimental module aboard a sounding rocket.
Natural Language Processing of Electronic Health Records for Predicting Alzheimer's Disease

This chapter explores the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to analyze Electronic Health Records (EHRs) for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease. It delves into NLP techniques that enhance diagnostic accuracy by extracting insights from unstructured data within EHRs. The potential of NLP to revolutionize early detection and improve patient outcomes through precise, real-time data analysis is highlighted, emphasizing advancements in healthcare technology. The integration of NLP with EHR systems promises to advance personalized medicine, allowing for earlier interventions that can significantly alter the course of Alzheimer's disease. By enabling a deeper understanding of nuanced patient data, NLP fosters a proactive approach to healthcare that prioritizes prevention and precise treatment strategies.
A Qualitative Investigation on the Impact of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) on the Organisation Performance in the Retail Sector of Canada

Purpose The primary and the main purpose of the research is analysing and evaluating the impact of the HRIS on organisational performance in the retail sector of Canada. Furthermore, the research emphasises on determining the importance and functions of the HRIS along with ascertaining its impact on the performance of firms and identifying the challenges faced by organisations in implementing the portal of the HRIS, especially in the retail sector of Canada. Overall, the aim and objective of the research study is evaluating the concept of the HRIS and the implication of this software in the HR departments of various organisations. Methods/ Data Collection/ Data Evaluation The research approach or method used in the project is the research onion method that provides different layers for choosing or selecting distinct research methodology components. The research project utilises qualitative methods. The qualitative data is collected in the research by the help of the semi-structured interview with the integration of interpretivism research philosophy. Primary data has been collected to gather real-world data and delve into various unexplored facts of the HRIS through an interview method and secondary data has been derived by going through academic books, latest journal articles and exploring credible websites. The selection of the sample for the research has engaged the non-probability sampling technique. Further, using the purposive sampling technique, 8 HR managers were selected to obtain data. The HR managers from food, apparel, grocery, and drug retail sectors have been selected for an interview and two HR managers are recruited for the interview from each retail sector. Further, the thematic analysis method is used for examining interview data. Findings The primary findings show that the HRIS has profoundly transformed the HRM functions in the retail sector of Canada. Implications The research shows meaningful insight into the HRIS with its features and impact on the overall performance of organisations in the retail sector. Limitations Primary data that was integrated with the help of the semi-structured interview method requires interviewing enough individuals to draw an optimum level of conclusion and make further comparisons. Further, the interview lacks exact facts and figures, and on the other side, the secondary data generally lacks accuracy and originality. Similarly, due to COVID-19, there were various hurdles in measuring primary data through primary resources.
Variational Analysis of Metric Projections onto Isotone Projection Cones via Coderivatives

In this paper, we study variational properties of the metric projection mapping onto isotone projection cones in finite-dimensional Euclidean spaces. We derive explicit formulas for both the Fréchet coderivative and the Mordukhovich coderivative of the projection operator. The analysis is based on a local description of the projection mapping via an associated generating system in a neighborhood of a reference point, which leads to computable coderivative characterizations. As an application, we compute the covering constant of the projection mapping, providing a quantitative description of its local regularity. Furthermore, we establish verifiable sufficient conditions for the Aubin property of the solution mapping associated with parametric nonlinear complementarity problems associated with isotone projection cones.   The obtained results contribute to the variational analysis of metric projections in a general cone setting where orthogonality arguments are not available, and to the stability theory of complementarity systems in finite dimensions.
SCMA-Based Multiaccess Edge Computing in IoT Systems: An Energy-Efficiency and Latency Tradeoff

Sparse code multiple access (SCMA) is a kind of code-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme, which can support the increasing requirements for high spectral efficiency and massive connections. Meanwhile, multi-access edge computing (MEC) is a promising technology for providing resource-constrained users with computing resources. In this paper, we propose a novel optimization scheme in SCMA-based MEC network from the perspective of energy and latency for the Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Specifically, a system utility is first used to calculate the weighted energy consumption and task execution latency. The initial utility minimization problem is non-convex and then can be subdivided into two tractable subproblems by fixing task offloading decisions, namely, optimal local computing via CPU frequency scheduling and optimal edge computing via SCMA codebook assignment, subcarrier power allocation, and MEC server computing resources distribution. Primarily, a joint SCMA codebook assignment based on the bidirectional matching principle and optimal power allocation algorithm is proposed. Moreover, we come up with CPU frequency scheduling strategies utilizing convex optimization to optimize the computing resources allocation of local devices and the MEC server. Finally, a low-complexity task offloading policy based on simulated annealing is presented. Numerical results show that our proposed joint optimization algorithm for resource allocation and task offloading can achieve a good compromise between time delay and energy consumption for IoT devices. It is demonstrated that the proposed strategy has a remarkable advantage compared to previous SCMA-MEC schemes.
Additive Manufacturing in Medicine and Craniofacial Applications of 3D Printing

Abstract                This article provides highlights of the general process and workflow of creating a 3D-printed model from a medical image and discusses the applications of additively manufactured materials. It provides a brief background on Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classification and regulation of medical devices, with an emphasis on 3D-printed devices. Then, the article discusses two broad applications of 3D printing in craniofacial surgery: surgery and education. Next, it discusses, with respect to surgical applications, preoperative planning, use in the operating room, surgical guides, and implants. The article includes sections on education that focus on the use of 3D-printed surgical simulators and other tools to teach medical students and residents. It briefly touches on the FDA regulations associated with the respective application of 3D printing in medicine. Lastly, the article briefly discusses the state of medical billing and reimbursement for this service.
Competence of the President of the Republic of Poland to protect its sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity

Стаття присвячена дослідженню функцій Президента Республіки Польща. Констатується, що охорона суверенітету, незалежності і територіальної цілісності визнається польською конституційною доктриною однією із ключових функційПрезидента Республіки Польща як глави держави. Підкреслюється, що компетенція Президента у сфері охорони суверенітету, незалежності та державної цілісності обумовлюється наявним у Польщі різновидом республіканської форми правління та, фактично, включає «традиційні» повноваження, які притаманні главам усіх держав, а такожповноваження, властиві лише Республіці Польща.До традиційних повноважень Президента Республіки Польща як глави держави, пов’язаних із охороною суверенітету, незалежності та державної цілісності віднесено його повноваження, пов’язані із представництвом держави та міжнародними зносинами, а також керівництво Збройними Силами й повноваження у сфері оборони та внутрішньої безпеки. Зауважується, що у Республіці Польща результативність реалізації даних напрямів досягається за допомогою злагодженої роботи всіх органів державної влади, яку очолює глава держави. Водночас підкреслюється, що з огляду на те, що сфера охорони суверенітету, незалежності і територіальної цілісності Польської держави є предметом відання як глави держави, так і Уряду, то виникає необхідність чіткого розподілу повноважень указаних суб’єктів.Резюмується, що реалізація Президентом Республіки Польща функції щодо охорони суверенітету, незалежності і територіальної цілісності польської держави як в умовах збройного конфлікту, так і в мирний час безпосередньо нав’язують до дієвості системи органів державного управління, що представляють вертикаль безпосередньогопримусу: армії, поліції та служб безпеки та одночасного використання інших конституційно-правових механізмів стримувань і противаг.
Mitigating Clandestine Gold-Mining Risks to Human and Animal Health by Conserving the Ecological Integrity of Their Shared Environment:             <i>An Example of Joint Investigation into Heavy Metal Intoxication Using a One-Health Approach in Kedougou, Senegal</i>

Abstract           Alerted to an unusual event (a cluster of 10 acute flaccid paralyses (AFP), including two deaths) in Kedougou, it was urgent to initiate a joint, multisectoral and transdisciplinary mission to investigate this event. Thus, 12 animal cases and 19 additional human cases were found, totaling 29 human cases, 61% of which were found in the community and the remainder in health facilities around gold-mining sites. The human median age was 27 years, with a predominance of women (62%). The epidemic curve showed a regular appearance of neurological disorders with no increase, suggesting a persistent source of contamination. Simultaneously, toxicological analyses confirmed excessive concentrations of mercury, lead and cadmium in the Bantaco well water, which were, respectively, 571.66, 4397 and 740 times higher than the standards. In the village of Pondala, these concentrations were 911.66 (mercury), 9741 (lead) and 1063.33 (cadmium) times higher. Elsewhere, these significant environmental concentrations of heavy metals were also found in human blood, urine and hair, at levels more than 50 times the standards set by the WHO. In addition, virological tests confirmed non-polio enterovirus in 85% of children (0–15 years) with AFP, whereas this percentage was 0% for the over-15s. Finally, animal health was mainly concerned with lameness in the sheep found in the villages of Bantaco and Pondala. They were also predominantly female (91.66%), with 66.66% of the animals in the 0–2-year age group. Farming was extensive in 50% of cases, although there was some evidence of foaming sputum (25%) and notion of abortion (16.66%). Finally, this joint investigation enabled corrective measures to be implemented, including raising awareness among stakeholders of the dangers of the misuse and unregulated use of heavy metals, pending the implementation of a plan to resolve the problems encountered on site.                        Information             © The Authors 2025
ABCMB: A Python+JAX Package for the Cosmic Microwave Background Power Spectrum

We present ABCMB, a differentiable Einstein-Boltzmann solver for the cosmic microwave background (CMB). ABCMB is a complete code capturing important effects to linear order in $Λ{\rm CDM}$ cosmology. It computes the CMB power spectrum and includes effects like lensing, polarization, massive neutrinos, and a state-of-the-art treatment of BBN and recombination. ABCMB has sub-percent-level agreement with CLASS and can be run on a GPU with competitive, and sometimes even faster, run times. It is refactored compared to previous codes and takes advantage of object-oriented programming to improve extensibility, meaning new physics can be added to it without the need for modifying source files. ABCMB provides accurate and stable gradients to the user, making Fisher analyses straightforward, and enabling the use of efficient gradient-based sampling methods.
Scheduling village heads in enhancing conflict resolution and peace building in a rural community

This study assessed the effectiveness of village heads in Simatelele Ward, Binga District in resolving conflicts in Zingozo village. The study was from April 2012 to June 2013. Four village heads were sampled using a simple random sampling technique and four types of conflicts common to all the four selected village heads were taken. A mathematical model was developed to assign village heads to cases they can resolve and improve their effectiveness. The four types were divorce cases, conflict of interest, witchcraft and domestic violence. The principle behind was to assign each village head to a single case to resolve so that the overall effectiveness of the village heads at community level is maximized. Ten observations were made per village head per case. The results indicated that, on average, if the village heads resolve the conflicts the same way they are currently doing, they will be 69% effective.  The collaborative approach as suggested by the research indicated that the effectiveness of the village heads in resolving conflicts will increase by 14% translating to approximately 9 cases out of 10 being resolved.  It concludes that the collaborative approach improves the effectiveness of village heads in resolving conflicts hence its recommendation.     Key words: Scheduling, village heads, peace, rural community.
REPORTING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ACCORDING TO GRI STANDARDS

Corporate social responsibility is no longer considered an optional activity by companies. The changes that take place worldwide have determined an increasing number of companies to elaborate instruments of implementing CSR principles into their business strategy. A CSR policy adapted to the specifics of the company’s field of activity and to the community in which it is present will bring advantages for both parties. The way through which a company makes their CSR activity results public is by writing a sustainability report which corresponds to international practices in the field. In recent years, an increasing number of companies publish their yearly CSR reports. This reporting originated in the USA, but in the last decade, the number of reports from Europe is increasing. In order to answer to the needs of reporting of the companies, a series of nongovernmental organisms have involved in trying to find the most accessible way that would correspond to the needs of the companies and of the stakeholders. Global Reporting Initiative is a platform that came to the aid of the companies by creating reporting standards which to guide companies through the process of creating the sustainability report. In this paper, we have analysed the evolution in the number of CSR reports worldwide, having then analysed their distribution on continents. We have given attention to the situation in Romania, which in the past ten years, due to multinational companies coming in the market. The presence of multinational companies has helped develop this concept. In the past five years, Romanian companies have submitted CSR reports according to GRI standards. Although the percent of companies of Romanian companies that submit reports according to the GRI standards is small (0.0017%), we believe that it will grow in following years, due to companies realizing the role they have in the society and because the European Commission’s 2014/95/EU Directive will enter into force, according to which all companies with more than 500 employees will be forced to report a series of nonfinancial indicators.
Benchmark of Deep Learning Models on Large Healthcare MIMIC Datasets

Submitted to Journal of Biomedical Informatics (JBI). First two authors have equal contributions