ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
The effect of solar cycle dependent heliospheric turbulence on cosmic ray modulation

We solve the transport equations for the radial evolution of the turbulence in the solar wind (Zank et al., 1996) numerically to determine the spatial dependence of the turbulence quantities that are used in the diffusion tensor for galactic cosmic rays. The results are used as input for a two-dimensional steady-state transport equation that is also solved numerically to describe the modulation of cosmic-ray protons in the heliosphere. This procedure is carried out for two sets of parameters to model both solar minimum and solar maximum conditions, respectively. Our choice of turbulence parameters leads to a correlation length and variance of the fluctuating field that vary less with latitude during solar maximum conditions than during solar minimum conditions. Better overall agreement with observed cosmic ray data is found for anisotropic perpendicular diffusion, when the meridional component of the perpendicular mean free path has a flatter rigidity dependence than the parallel mean free path at low rigidity. We find somewhat better agreement with cosmic ray data during solar maximum conditions than during solar minimum conditions for the current choice of the diffusion tensor. During solar maximum conditions, drift effects are reduced by using large values for the random motion of the magnetic field lines, but smaller values are needed during times of minimum solar activity to account for larger drift effects, such as larger latitudinal gradients during A > 0 magnetic polarity.
Reliability Engineering Techniques Applied to the Human Failure Analysis Process

Human reliability and human error are factors that are present in all areas: industrial, economic, social, etc. All these areas require to a greater or lesser extent a physical and mental effort to satisfy their own needs, those of others, or established requirements that, depending on the circumstances and the nature of the person, can lead to errors. Certainly, it is not possible to find a single human reliability method that can meet all the expectations and technical demands related to the analysis of human errors. However, it is important to note that the orientation of all human reliability methods is focused on the study and analysis of the risk factor (frequency by consequences). In other words, as can be observed throughout this chapter, all human reliability methodologies seek to help us reduce the uncertainty in the process of evaluating the frequencies of unforeseen events (human errors) and the consequences that such human errors can bring to safety, the environment, and the operations within the framework of an industrial production process.
At the frontlines of implementing the right to a healthy environment: Understanding human rights and environmental due diligence in relation to armed conflicts

AbstractPotential harm to human rights and the environment, including by corporate actors, is amplified in situations of conflict. This article focuses on applying the right to a healthy environment in relation to armed conflicts and corporate responsibility. In particular, it analyzes and compares due diligence requirements in the European Union Conflict Minerals Regulation and the International Law Commission's Draft Principles on Protection of the Environment in Relation to Armed Conflicts and examines how these align with the right to a healthy environment.
Allocating resources for land protection using continuous optimization: biodiversity conservation in the United States

AbstractSpatial optimization approaches that were originally developed to help conservation organizations determine protection decisions over small spatial scales are now used to inform global or continental scale priority setting. However, the different decision contexts involved in large‐scale resource allocation need to be considered. We present a continuous optimization approach in which a decision‐maker allocates funding to regional offices. Local decision‐makers then use these funds to implement habitat protection efforts with varying effectiveness when evaluated in terms of the funder's goals. We illustrate this continuous formulation by examining the relative priority that should be given to different counties in the coterminous United States when acquiring land to establish new protected areas. If weighting all species equally, counties in the southwest United States, where large areas can be bought cheaply, are priorities for protection. If focusing only on species of conservation concern, priorities shift to locations rich in such species, particularly near expanding exurban areas facing high rates of future habitat conversion (e.g., south‐central Texas). Priorities for protection are sensitive to what is assumed about local ecological and decision‐making processes. For example, decision‐makers who doubt the efficacy of local land protection efforts should focus on a few key areas, while optimistic decision‐makers should disperse funding more widely. Efforts to inform large‐scale conservation priorities should reflect better the types of choice that decision‐makers actually face when working over these scales. They also need to report the sensitivity of recommended priorities to what are often unstated assumptions about local processes affecting conservation outcomes.
A 32-Year Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health in Ecuador: Regulatory  Impact on Workplace Morbidity and Mortality

Background: This study analyzed the evolution of work-related injuries and fatalities in the Republic of Ecuador from 1990 to 2022 using a time-series trend analysis, with the secondary objective of assessing the impact of public policies. Methods: The data were obtained from the administrative records of the Ecuadorian Social Security Institute and categorized into six periods based on the introduction of legal frameworks regulating social security. Epidemiological indicators, including morbidity, mortality, and lethality rates, were calculated using the working population insured and protected by General Insurance for Occupational Risk. Results: The results showed that between 1990 and 2022, 269,969 work-related injuries were classified, of which 2% were fatal (5,352 deaths). The overall morbidity rate remained stable, whereas the overall mortality and case fatality rates exhibited significant declining trends. Conclusion: Trend variations and significant differences between periods were observed for each indicator. Despite efforts to improve OSH in Ecuador, the lack of a consistent downward trend highlights the regulatory framework’s limited effectiveness. The findings suggest the need for a more in-depth analysis to explain the factors underlying the differential effects between periods and the establishment of a robust national OSH policy aligned with ILO Conventions No. 155 and No. 187 to promote a proactive safety culture.
Water, health, and rights: challenges of drinking water and sanitation for indigenous communities in Tocantins, Brazil

Indigenous communities in Brazil, particularly in the state of Tocantins (Brazilian Legal Amazon), continue to face persistent challenges regarding water security and sanitation. Historically marginalized by colonial structures and state policies, these populations experience unequal access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation services, undermining health, cultural practices, and environmental justice. This study analyzes the implementation and effectiveness of water supply and sanitation policies targeting Indigenous peoples, with an emphasis on the National Indigenous Peoples Health Policy (PNASPI). The methodology adopted combined a systematic review of literature, national legislation, and health policy documents with the analysis of sanitation infrastructure data from 160 Indigenous villages, sourced from official databases. The review also incorporated thematic mapping and epidemiological data on waterborne diseases, notably acute diarrheal disease (ADD). The results show that only 10% of villages have both water supply systems and sanitary modules, while 30% of the Indigenous population lacks treated water, violating PNASPI provisions. The persistence of high rates of waterborne diseases highlights policy failures and health inequities. The findings call for culturally sensitive, participatory governance models, improved sanitation infrastructure, and the integration of Indigenous knowledge to enhance water security and health outcomes in Indigenous territories.
Designing a post activity learning analytics dashboard through information visualization methods

Den snabba tekniska utvecklingen inom utbildningsområdet har avsevärt underlättat populariseringen av utbildningen och gjort den mer tillgänglig. Inlärningsprocessen bör analyseras systematiskt för att stödja denna utveckling, men traditionella inlärningssystem ger begränsat stöd för lärare. Instrumentpaneler (dashboards) för inlärningsanalys har därför blivit ett populärt verktyg för att ge inblick i inlärningsprocessen genom att analysera och tolka den insamlade informationen med effektiva visualiseringar. I syfte att förbättra det pedagogiska beslutsfattandet är det viktigt att ge en omfattande översikt och informativ och kontinuerlig feedback för inlärningsprocessen. Denna studie syftar till att utforska fördelar och utmaningar med att utforma en omfattande instrumentpanel för lärandeanalys för lärare att stödja den individuella inlärningen och därmed kunna anpassa undervisningen. En stor mängd forskning på instrumentpaneler för inlärningsanalys granskades som underlag. Prototypen på instrumentpanelen utvecklades baserat på detta underlag. För att utvärdera prototypen genomfördes en användarstudie med UX-designers för att avgöra visualiseringens tydlighet och instrumentpanelens effektivitet. Resultaten från den tematiska analysen indikerade att instrumentpanelen kunde fungera som ett potentiellt värdefullt verktyg med en överlage tydlig interaktion för att stödja lärare och visualiseringen ansågs vara intuitiv för att förstå relationen mellan datapunkterna. Förslag för att utforma en instrumentpanel för inlärningsanalys diskuteras avseende visualisering, konsistens, uppfattning, navigering, interaktion, information via text, visuellt utseende, funktionalitet och integritet. För att ytterligare förbättra instrumentpanelens är framtida utveckling och utvärdering med pedagoger viktig att genomföra.
Evaluating FHIR-Driven Interoperability Frameworks for Secure System Migration and Data Exchange in U.S. Health Information Networks

The increasing digitization of healthcare delivery in the United States has intensified the need for interoperable, secure, and scalable health information exchange mechanisms capable of supporting system migration and cross-organizational data sharing. Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) has emerged as a foundational standard for addressing long-standing interoperability challenges by enabling standardized, modular, and API-driven data exchange across heterogeneous health information systems. This review evaluates FHIR-driven interoperability frameworks with a specific focus on their role in secure system migration and data exchange within U.S. health information networks. The study synthesizes existing literature on FHIR architectures, implementation guides, and security extensions, including OAuth 2.0, SMART on FHIR, and role-based access controls, to assess how these frameworks facilitate continuity of care, data integrity, and regulatory compliance during system transitions. Particular attention is given to the alignment of FHIR-based solutions with U.S. regulatory requirements such as HIPAA and evolving interoperability mandates, as well as their integration with legacy electronic health record systems and emerging cloud-based infrastructures. The review further examines technical and governance challenges, including data provenance, semantic consistency, cybersecurity risks, and organizational readiness. By consolidating current evidence and implementation insights, this paper provides a structured understanding of the strengths, limitations, and future directions of FHIR-driven interoperability frameworks, offering practical guidance for healthcare organizations, policymakers, and system architects seeking to enable secure, efficient, and sustainable health information exchange.
Quantum Poker—a game for quantum computers suitable for benchmarking error mitigation techniques on NISQ devices

AbstractQuantum computers are on the verge of becoming a commercially available reality. They represent a paradigm shift in computing, with a steep learning gradient. The creation of games is a way to ease the transition for beginners. We present a game similar to the Poker variant Texas hold ’em with the intention to serve as an engaging pedagogical tool to learn the basics rules of quantum computing. The concepts of quantum states, quantum operations and measurement can be learned in a playful manner. The difference to the classical variant is that the community cards are replaced by a quantum register that is “randomly” initialized, and the cards for each player are replaced by quantum gates, randomly drawn from a set of available gates. Each player can create a quantum circuit with their cards, with the aim to maximize the number of 1’s that are measured in the computational basis. The basic concepts of superposition, entanglement and quantum gates are employed. We provide a proof-of-concept implementation using Qiskit (Aleksandrowicz et al. in An open-source framework for quantum computing, 2019). A comparison of the results for the created circuits using a simulator and IBM machines is conducted, showing that error rates on contemporary quantum computers are still very high. For the success of noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computers, improvements on the error rates and error mitigation techniques are necessary, even for simple circuits. We show that quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques can be used to improve expectation values of observables on real quantum devices.
Current capacity to conduct ecologically sustainable forest management in northeastern Canada reveals challenges for conservation of biodiversity

Long-term exploitation of boreal ecosystems often results in a reduced range of ecological conditions that threatens several species. In most boreal jurisdictions, the northern extent of commercial forestry corresponds to economical rather than ecological considerations. Our general objective is to offer guidance for sustainable boreal forest management by using a biodiversity criterion based on three indicators. The first two indicators are part of a coarse filter referring to the proportion and fragmentation of tall, dense forest habitats, whereas a third one uses a fine filter for specific requirements of boreal caribou. We applied the methodology with and without anthropogenic disturbances on 1114 land districts to contrast the preindustrial potential and current capacity of Quebec’s boreal forest to support forest management. Originally, 826 districts (74%) were above the 20% cutoff value for the minimum proportion of tall, dense forest habitats. Among the 567 districts currently under forest management, 45 did not reach this value because of past anthropogenic disturbances. Originally, 88% of the districts had sufficient undisturbed habitats to maintain caribou populations, but anthropogenic disturbances reduced this proportion to 51%. The proposed methodology could contribute to delineating areas where sustainable forest management can be implemented. Our results also clearly show that management targets of the last decades were insufficient to prevent loss of habitats below strict minimum ecological thresholds. Our approach offers a general framework that could be adapted to other forested regions to attain similar biodiversity conservation objectives.
Prediction of critical quality attributes and optimization of continuous dry granulation process via flowsheet modeling and experimental validation

Abstract   Roller compaction is a dry granulation process for manufacturing solid drug formulations. A flowing powder is continuously fed into the counter-rotating rolls and compacted into dense ribbons. These ribbons are subsequently broken into granules by milling. In this study, an integrated flowsheet model of the dry granulation process was developed for unit operations of powder feeding, roller compaction and milling with gSOLIDS (PSE Enterprise, UK) and tested against experimental data. The effect of roll force and roll speed on ribbon density and granule size was assessed with the flowsheet model and validated with experimental data. The experimentation was conducted with microcrystalline cellulose with magnesium stearate (1%, w/w) in a Fitzpatrick CCS220/M3B with serrated rollers. Experimental design on roll force, roll speed and different screen sizes and mill speeds were conducted to investigate their impacts on the quality attributes of granule size, ribbon density, and roll gap. Parameters in each unit were estimated and the sensitivity of the model outputs to the material property based parameter values was also investigated. The predictions of the ribbon density and roll gap at various operating conditions were assessed. The roll force has a more significant effect on ribbon density than the roll speed, while the roll speed has a more significant effect on the roll gap. Higher roll force and narrower roll gap lead to dense ribbon. The ribbon density is much less sensitive to the roll speed compared with the roll force. The roll gap has a considerable influence on ribbon quality. The developed flowsheet model for the continuous dry granulation process can be directly used for process optimization, risk assessment and control strategy determination.
GenVS-TBDB: A Target-Aware AI-Generated and Virtual-Screened Small-Molecule Library for Tuberculosis Drug Discovery

Abstract                                    Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading global health threat, with over 10 million new cases and 1.25 million deaths reported in 2023. Current TB therapies rely on a limited drug repertoire and prolonged treatment courses that have changed little in four decades. Here, we present GenVS-TBDB, a target-aware AI-generated and virtual-screened small-molecule database, which expands the chemical space against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) essential proteins. We first identified 460 probable small-molecule binding pockets across 377 essential M.tb proteins by integrating multiple sources. Then, by leveraging the target-aware molecule generative model, over 1.2 million novel small molecules tailored to these pockets were produced. The key physicochemical properties were computed for all compounds to ensure medicinal chemistry tractability. These compounds were also evaluated using molecular docking and anti-TB specific graph neural network model, yielding binding propensity ranking and whole-cell activity prioritization for each target. To substantiate the integrated AI-driven workflow for anti-TB discovery, 30 compounds were obtained, including 22 AI-designed molecules synthesized de novo and 8 commercially available analogs. In validation, 2 synthesized compounds demonstrated significant thermal stabilization of FtsZ, confirming target engagement. 6 compounds exhibited cellular inhibition below 50 µM, the most potent at 12 µM. Furthermore, GDI-11785 showed binding to the cell wall biosynthesis pathway with 35 µM cellular activity, establishing a promising starting point for tuberculosis drug discovery. Our findings contribute a significant library of bioactive molecules which may hasten the preliminary phase of tuberculosis drug discovery. The GenVS-TBDB small library is publicly accessible and can be downloaded freely at                   https://datascience.ghddi.org/database/view                   .
What does it take to implement Human Resource Information System (HRIS) at scale? Analysis of the Expected Benefits and Actual Outcomes

Human resources information systems (HRIS) have potential to help organizations to achieve their strategic objectives but few academic studies have provided evidence of their effectiveness in doing so. This is especially true for HRIS studies conducted within the context of healthcare sector, where most literature related to IT has tended to prioritize clinical systems over administrative ones. This paper addresses this research gap and reports intermediary results from a study of the development and implementation of HRIS in national health organization of one European country. Drawing on the results of documentary analysis and stakeholder interviews, it compares the expected benefits driving implementation of the system with those that were actually achieved, as well as the unintended consequences and aspects of the development and implementation process that led to the current project outcomes. The preliminary analysis suggests that HRIS implementation in health organizations is driven by similar expected benefits to those driving implementation on other types of organization. However, they are also driven by organizational practices to benchmark themselves to the sector leaders and by particular requirements of the health sector, such as achieving adherence with statutory health workforce reporting requirements and optimising patient care. In this multi-site HRIS programme the benefits are likely to derive not from the direct effects expected from the system but because the HRIS project acted as a catalyst for greater consensus on the need to standardize HR information practices. A range of additional sociotechnical factors – Technological, Environmental, Organizational and Local - helped to shape the implementation of the system and affected the realization of its envisaged benefits.The study adds to the interdisciplinary literature on HRIS in health organizations by addressing gaps in (a) studies of large-scale transformations in healthcare; (b) studies of national-scale HRIS projects; (c) empirical comparisons of expected benefits and outcomes, and factors influencing them; (d) and demonstrations of HRIS programme benefits at different organizational and institutional levels.
The use of artificial intelligence in the diagnosis and prognosis of oral cancer

Artificial intelligence has gained the interest of the medical research field, aiming to introduce it in the diagnosis approaches, the management and monitorization of different diseases. In dentistry, its applicability for multiple pathologies, among which the detection and diagnosis of oral cancer, has proven important advantages. This present review aims to describes the applicability of artificial intelligence in oral pathology, focusing on oral cancer, outlining the advantages, limitations and future perspective for this technology. By introducing this technology in the everyday dentistry practice, for dentists and specialists can undoubtedly improve the quality of care.