ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Nurse Level of Education, Quality of Care and Patient Safety in the Medical and Surgical Wards in Malaysian Private Hospitals: A Cross-sectional Study

Nursing knowledge and skills are required to sustain quality of care and patient safety. The numbers of nurses with Bachelor degrees in Malaysia are very limited. This study aims to predict the impact of nurse level of education on quality of care and patient safety in the medical and surgical wards in Malaysian private hospitals.A cross-sectional survey by questionnaire was conducted. A total 652 nurses working in the medical and surgical wards in 12 private hospitals were participated in the study. Multistage stratified simple random sampling performed to invite nurses working in small size (less than 100 beds), medium size (100-199 beds) and large size (over than 200) hospitals to participate in the study. This allowed nurses from all shifts to participate in this study.Nurses with higher education were not significantly associated with both quality of care and patient safety. However, a total 355 (60.9%) of respondents participated in this study were working in teaching hospitals. Teaching hospitals offer training for all newly appointed staff. They also provide general orientation programs and training to outline the policies, procedures of the nurses' roles and responsibilities. This made the variances between the Bachelor and Diploma nurses not significantly associated with the outcomes of care.Nursing educational level was not associated with the outcomes of care in Malaysian private hospitals. However, training programs and the general nursing orientation programs for nurses in Malaysia can help to upgrade the Diploma-level nurses. Training programs can increase their self confidence, knowledge, critical thinking ability and improve their interpersonal skills. So, it can be concluded that better education and training for a medical and surgical wards' nurses is required for satisfying client expectations and sustaining the outcomes of patient care.
Metagenomic analysis of gut microbiome and spondyloarthropathy: A systematic review

BACKGROUND           Spondyloarthritis (SpA), a prevalent chronic inflammatory disorder, predominantly impacts the axial skeleton, including the spine and sacroiliac joints. Emerging evidence implicates gut dysbiosis in the pathogenesis of SpA.           AIM           To evaluate the association between gut microbiome alterations and SpA through metagenomic sequencing analyses.           METHODS           A systematic review was conducted by querying English-language databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, spanning 2000 to 2023. From an initial pool of 150 studies, four articles meeting stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected for analysis.           RESULTS           The reviewed studies identified an enrichment of opportunistic pathogenic bacterial species, such as Clostridium spp. , Prevotella spp. , and Bacteroides spp. , alongside viral families including Gratiaviridae  and Quimbyviridae , in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis compared to healthy controls. Dysregulated metabolic pathways were highlighted as potential mediators of chronic inflammation and arthritic manifestations. Notably, treatment with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors demonstrated efficacy in mitigating SpA symptoms and restoring gut microbial balance.           CONCLUSION           The findings underscore a significant presence of pathogenic gut microbiota in SpA patients, suggesting a pivotal role in disease progression. Future investigations should focus on species-specific microbial targets to develop innovative therapies for preventing and managing SpA and associated gut dysbiosis.
Autonomous vehicles and legal issues on civil liability and motor insurance

Nel settore automobilistico, la tecnologia ha portato innovazioni destinate a rivoluzionare il modo di utilizzo dell’automobile e le conseguenze giuridiche derivanti dalla circolazione. Lo scenario delle auto a guida autonoma, che si prospetta per un prossimo futuro, richiede un adeguamento del sistema giuridico della responsabilità civile derivante dalla circolazione di veicoli a motore, attualmente fondato principalmente sulla responsabilità del conducente. La diversa impostazione che si impone dovrà essere orientata essenzialmente sulla responsabilità del produttore e sarà necessario individuare gli strumenti più efficienti per neutralizzare, anche attraverso nuove forme di assicurazione, le molteplici tipologie di rischio correlate alla circolazione di veicoli a guida autonoma, privi di conducente.
Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Resistance, Stewardship Perceptions, National Action Plan Among Egyptian Clinicians

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant global health threat, exacerbated by inappropriate antibiotic use and&nbsp; inadequate infection control measures. Understanding clinicians' perceptions and knowledge of AMR and antimicrobial stewardship&nbsp; programs (ASPs) is crucial for developing effective strategies to mitigate this challenge, especially in the context of the COVID-19&nbsp; pandemic's impact on healthcare practices. Aim: The main aims were to assess Egyptian clinicians' perceptions, attitudes, and knowledge&nbsp; related to antimicrobial resistance, stewardship programs, the national AMR action plan, and the effects of the COVID-19&nbsp; pandemic on AMR in their clinical setting. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 305 clinicians across multiple hospitals in Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt in December 2023. The questionnaire covered demographics, experience with AMR and&nbsp; ASPs, perspectives on causes and consequences of AMR, COVID-19's impact on AMR, and awareness of Egypt's National Action Plan&nbsp; on AMR (2018-2022). Results: Most clinicians (95.4%) acknowledged AMR as a global problem, but awareness of ASPs was lower (35.7%). Key perceived factors driving AMR included antibiotic overuse, patient self-medication, lack of microbiology data, and poor infection&nbsp; control. The COVID-19 pandemic was seen to substantially increased total antibiotic prescribing (77.4%), antibiotic shortages (73.4%), and&nbsp; spread of resistant organisms (70.5%). However, 74.1% were unaware of Egypt's National AMR Action Plan. Conclusion: Egyptian&nbsp; clinicians demonstrated good awareness of AMR's threat but lacked knowledge about stewardship efforts like ASPs and national&nbsp; initiatives. Educational programs highlighting prudent antibiotic use, robust surveillance, and policy implementation are needed to&nbsp; combat AMR effectively.&nbsp;
Analysis of Potential Hazards and Performing a Comprehensive Risk Assessment for Heavy Construction Project Work Implementing Health and Safety Management Protocols

The construction industry is one of the fastest growing all over the world as well as in India. The construction work projects is an important part of the growth in many countries and is often seen as a driver of financial growth especially in under developing countries. Owing to its relatively labor-intensive nature, construction works provide great chance for employment for a wide range of different skilled personals. This study, therefore, aims to find out the current practice of health and safety risk assessment, risk communication and risk control and improving the Environment Health and Safety management plan for the Construction project site. In pursuing this objective, the case study strategy was adopted whereby a construction site is selected through convenience sampling. This research contributes significantly to construction safety management at Construction Project work . and can be utilized to analyse and manipulate the safety risk level of every possible hazardous event that is identified during the construction period. The proposed model could also be applied in other construction projects to obtain results with greater accuracy and reliability from the evaluation and ranking of safety risks, which would yield data that would be useful in helping the management team to mitigate and control the risks in other construction projects.
From Accuracy to Interpretability: SHAP-Based Explainable Deep Learning for CHD Prediction in Type 2 Diabetes

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) remains a lifethreatening complication for patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), demanding prediction models that are not only accurate but also trustworthy and transparent. While deep learning has revolutionized medical risk prediction through exceptional performance, its opaque decision-making process often limits clinical confidence. This study introduces a SHAP-based explainable deep learning framework that transforms high-performing models into clinically interpretable decision-support tools for CHD prediction in T2DM patients. The proposed model leverages demographic, clinical, and biochemical data to deliver precise CHD risk estimates using a deep neural network. To illuminate the reasoning behind predictions, SHAP Additive explanations (SHAP) are employed, providing both global and individual-level insights into feature contributions. The framework successfully uncovers dominant risk drivers such as age, glycaemic control, blood pressure, lipid levels, body mass index, and duration of diabetes—findings that strongly align with established clinical evidence. By coupling predictive power with meaningful explanations, this approach empowers clinicians to move beyond blind reliance on algorithms toward informed, confident decision-making. The integration of explainability enhances transparency, accountability, and real-world usability, paving the way for personalized risk assessment and proactive intervention. Overall, this work highlights the transformative potential of explainable deep learning in delivering reliable, interpretable, and clinically impactful CHD prediction for improved T2DM care.
Polynomial representations and categorifications of Fock Space

The rings of symmetric polynomials form an inverse system whose limit, the ring of symmetric functions, is the model for the bosonic Fock space representation of the affine Lie algebra. We categorify this construction by considering an inverse limit of categories of polynomial representation of general linear groups. We show that this limit naturally carries an action of the affine Lie algebra (in the sense of Rouquier), thereby obtaining a famiy of categorifications of the bosonic Fock space representation.
Protocol for a Real-Time Electronic Health Record Implementation of a Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning Clinical Decision Support Tool: A Use-Case for an Opioid Misuse Screener in Hospitalized Adults

ABSTRACT                 The clinical narrative in the electronic health record (EHR) carries valuable information for predictive analytics, but its free-text form is difficult to mine and analyze for clinical decision support (CDS). Large-scale clinical natural language processing (NLP) pipelines have focused on data warehouse applications for retrospective research efforts. There remains a paucity of evidence for implementing open-source NLP engines to provide interoperable and standardized CDS at the bedside. This clinical protocol describes a reproducible workflow for a cloud service to ingest, process, and store clinical notes as Health Level 7 messages from a major EHR vendor in an elastic cloud computing environment. We apply the NLP CDS infrastructure to a use-case for hospital-wide opioid misuse screening using an open-source deep learning model that leverages clinical notes mapped to standardized medical vocabularies. The resultant NLP and deep learning pipeline can process clinical notes and provide decision support to the bedside within minutes of a provider entering a note into the EHR for all hospitalized patients. The protocol includes a human-centered design and an implementation framework with a cost-effectiveness and patient outcomes analysis plan.
The effectiveness of corporate governance in adhering to business ethics and social responsibility in family businesses to achieve sustainable development dimensions - A statistical reading of Algeria experience in the field of governance and business eth

The study aimed at revealing thcve nature of the relationship between corporate governance and business ethics in family businesses in Algeria. In order to clarify the relationship, the aspects of impact were analyzed in 07 key areas: Protection of minority shareholders’ interests PMSI, Ethical behavior of firms EBF, Strength of auditing and reporting standards SARS, Efficiency enhancers  EE, Ethics and corruption CORR, Ease of access to loans EAL, Goods market efficiency GME, Using the statistical program SPSS 24 to study associative relationships and derive long-term dynamic relationships, the results showed a long-term balance between corporate governance and broader ethics In five key aspects: Protection of minority shareholders’ interests PMSI, Ethical behavior of firms EBF, Strength of auditing and reporting standards SARS, Efficiency enhancers  EE, Goods market efficiency GME, with no relationship between corporate governance and Ethics and corruption CORR, Ease of access to loans EAL, This leads us to say that there is a long-term dynamic balance between institutional governance and business ethics in family businesses in Algeria. The study therefore recommends further structural institutional reforms if any future governance or institutional effectiveness is to be achieved.
On force fields for molecular dynamics simulations of crystalline silica

Abstract   This paper reviews and examines interatomic potentials or force fields for molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of crystalline silica. The investigated potentials are the BKS, Pedone, Munetoh, TTAM, and CHIK. The calculated values of the lattice constants, density, radial and bond-angle distribution functions, equations of state, and phase transitions using different potentials are compared to experimental values for polymorphs of silica: quartz, cristobalite, coesite, and stishovite. Simulation results with the BKS potential accurately predict the experimental measurements to within 2%, and converge within a reasonable timeframe on an average workstation. The Pedone potential, also parameterized for other metallic oxides, computationally is slightly more expensive and is not as accurate. The simulations with both the CHIK and TTAM potentials are less accurate than with the BKS potential for modeling silica over the entire range of the phase diagram. The simulations with the Munetoh potential are by far the cheapest in terms of the modest computational requirements, but unsuitable for modeling crystalline silica. It could not produce the nature of the α–β and I–II phase transitions in quartz or the equation of state for stishovite silica, and the predicted structural properties sometimes differ from experimental values by more than 10%.
Humanitarian intervention and the responsibility to protect

This study explores humanitarian intervention, defined briefly as using military force to address human rights violations. It looks at the changing norms of humanitarian intervention after the end of the Cold War. It also examines the arguments for and against humanitarian intervention by examining primary and secondary sources, scholarly research, and two personal interviews by the author. It reaches the conclusion that humanitarian intervention is justified morally, as well as being in national and security interests. It analyzes in-depth the genocide in Rwanda in 1994 and the ethnic cleansing in Bosnia from 1992 to 1995. In doing this, the study then draws conclusions on the best way to intervene and suggests reforms are needed within the international system. In conclusion, more resources should be spent on conflict prevention to save those suffering from human rights abuses.
HIGHER JUDICIAL APPOINTMENTS AND JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE: TUSSLE BETWEEN JUDICIARY AND EXECUTIVE

Executive, legislature and judiciary, the three organs of the government, need to be independent and accountable to each other as propounded by Montesqui’s Separation of Power doctrine and Checks and Balances. These doctrines are very much essential for good governance of any democratic country. Judiciary, being the protector and guardian of the constitution, which is the will of the people, is required to be more independent and outside the influence of the legislature and the executive. There have been many instances of conflict between the tripartite organs of the government. But, the ongoing tussle between the Judiciary and the executive regarding higher judicial appointments where the central law minister commented and criticized the present Collegium system of appointing judges as opaque, unaccountable and also is very firm in having representation of a member from the executive has once again raised the issue of Independence of Judiciary. This paper mainly emphasizes on the concept of Independence of judiciary its linkage to Rule of law. It also speaks about the higher judicial appointment and the conflict between the executive and the judiciary. This paper finally concludes with possible suggestions.
The Milky Way system in Λ cold dark matter cosmological simulations

We apply a semi-analytic galaxy formation model to two high-resolution cosmological N-body simulations to investigate analogues of the Milky Way system. We select these according to observed properties of the Milky Way rather than by halo mass as in most previous work. For disc-dominated central galaxies with stellar mass (5–7) × 1010 M⊙, the median host halo mass is 1.4 × 1012 M⊙, with 32–68 per cent percentile spread in the range [0.86, 3.1] × 1012 M⊙, consistent with dynamical measurements of the Milky Way halo mass. For any given halo mass, the probability of hosting a Milky Way system is low, with a maximum of ∼20 per cent in haloes of mass ∼1012 M⊙. The model reproduces the V-band luminosity function and radial profile of the bright (MV   30 km s−1. Our model predicts that around half of the dark matter subhaloes with Vmax > 20 km s−1 host satellites fainter than MV = −9 and so may be missing from existing surveys.
The impact of death attitude and sense of dignity on the quality of life of patients receiving end-of-life palliative care for cancer:The intermediary role of advance care planning

Abstract                                    Objective.                   To investigate attitudes toward death, sense of dignity, and acceptance of advance care planning (ACP) among terminally ill cancer patients receiving palliative care and to explore their mediating role to provide a scientific basis for optimizing care and improving policies in clinical practice.                   Methods.                   A cross-sectional survey was conducted from November 2024 to February 2025 with 120 end-stage cancer palliative care patients in the Palliative Medicine Department of Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital. The survey included a general situation questionnaire, a patient ACP acceptance questionnaire, a sense of dignity scale, and a death attitude description scale.                   Results                   . The survey analyzed the current status of end-of-life palliative care patients' attitudes toward death and the differences among the different variables. The total death attitude score is 75.48 ± 20.67. By exploring the correlations among death attitudes, self-esteem, and ACP acceptance, it was found that death attitudes were significantly positively correlated with self-esteem and significantly negatively correlated with ACP acceptance. Through stratified regression analysis, factors influencing the death attitudes of cancer patients in end-of-life palliative care were identified. Age, education level, and monthly family income had a significant effect on death attitudes. After a sense of dignity was incorporated, a significant positive impact on death attitudes was observed. By quantifying the mediating effect of ACP acceptance, ACP acceptance was shown to partially mediate the relationship between dignity and death attitudes.                   Conclusion.                   Late-stage cancer patients play an important mediating role in preestablished medical plans because of the pain caused by the disease itself, their experience and feelings toward death, and their need for emotional support. Sense of dignity and attitude toward death interact with each other and jointly affect the psychological state and quality of life of patients at the end stage of the disease when they are facing death.
Neural network analysis of tumor and germline profiling to predict survival of muscle-invasive bladder cancer following radical cystectomy: An analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA).

546  Background: Following radical cystectomy (RC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), recurrence is suboptimally associated with pathologic stage. A prognostic model that incorporates information from comprehensive genomic and transcriptomic data from germline and tumor tissues will improve the selection of high-risk patients (pts) for adjuvant therapy and tailored surveillance. Methods: Pts with MIBC in TCGA who underwent RC (without neoadjuvant chemotherapy) and with whole exome sequencing (WES) of tumor + normal, and tumor RNA-Seq were eligible. Germline variants were called and annotated using GATK4 and Variant Effect Predictor (VEP). Only high and moderate VEP-Impact variants contributed to burdens. Given that recurrence is associated with 5-year survival, pts were required to have data for survival at a landmark of 5 years post-RC or may have died within 5 years of RC. Patients who died &lt;4 months of diagnosis were excluded since they may have died from post-operative complications. Dead patients were propensity-matched against alive patients by pathologic stage, adjuvant chemotherapy, gender, race, age and smoking. A linear artificial neural network was trained to predict 5-year survival using Artificial Intelligence Quality Control (AIQC)-a deep learning experience tracker. The samples were divided into 3 equally distributed subsets of alive and dead pts. The algorithm was trained on 50% of the dataset, evaluated on 40% and tested on 10%. The remaining 39 dead pts were used for additional holdout validation. The accuracy (percentage of correct prediction of death or survival) was reported. Results: A cohort of 117 pts were evaluable for 5 year survival. The cohort included 39 survivors that satisfied inclusion criteria, and 78 dead pts that were propensity matched against them (one set of 39 dead pts for training &amp; evaluation, and a second set of 39 dead pts as an additional holdout). The binary classification neural network was trained on 38 samples to predict survival based on their most differentiated: germline alteration burdens + tumor alteration burdens + tumor gene expression. The differentially mutated genes most important to the algorithm were: PTPRN(n-m), TECTA(t-m), BPIFB1(n-m), SORL1(n-m), SLC39A5(n-m), and RBBP6(n-h) [t=tumor/ n=normal tissue origin | m=moderate/ h=high VEP impact]. The algorithm was 97% accurate on the 38 training samples, and 94% accurate across the 79 evaluation (validation, test and holdout) samples. Conclusions: Neural network analysis of germline and tumor profiling was validated to optimally differentiate between dead and surviving pts at 5 years following RC for MIBC. Further validation and application of this promising algorithm may advance precision medicine by permitting the selection of the most appropriate pts with high-risk MIBC for adjuvant therapy.
Variations of Genetic Algorithms

The goal of this project is to develop the Genetic Algorithms (GA) for solving the Schaffer F6 function in fewer than 4000 function evaluations on a total of 30 runs. Four types of Genetic Algorithms (GA) are presented - Generational GA (GGA), Steady-State (mu+1)-GA (SSGA), Steady-Generational (mu,mu)-GA (SGGA), and (mu+mu)-GA.