ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
How Do the Evolution and Innovation of Social Network Analysis Matter to Computer Science and Communications?

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of evolution and innovation in social network analysis to the paradigm of social networking. It explains how the development of sociological theory and the structural properties of social groups matter to computer science and communications. Authors such as Moreno, John Barnes and Harrison C. White provide evidence of a growing body of literature addressing the networking of people, organizations and communities to explain the structure of society. This perspective has passed from sociology to other fields, changing understandings of social phenomena. Social networks remain a potent concept for analyzing computer science and communications. This paper shows how and why this has occurred and examines substantive areas in which social network analysis has been applied—mainly how the advantages of graphic visualization and computer software packages have influenced SNA in different audiences and publics leading to the unfolding of social networking to different audiences and publics.
Reinforcement Learning from Human and AI Feedback for Large Language Model Alignment: A Review

Safe and effective deployment of AI requires that large language models (LLMs) generate it in a way that complies with human values and preferences. The application of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has effectively been applied to fine-tune models on human judgment-based categories, enhancing the helpfulness, coherence, and safety. Nonetheless, RLHF suffers certain limitations, such as using high-quality human labels, being costly, slow to iterate, and not being consistent owing to the subjectivity of annotators. The Reinforcement Learning AI Feedback (RLAIF) has become a scalable and effective method of resolving the challenges. The RLAIF provides an opportunity to use AI-generated preferences, revisions, and reward modeling to automatically fine-tune LLMs without violating ethical and safety standards. This will decrease human efforts, enhance reproducibility, and enhance response harmlessness, uniformity, and ethical compliance. Applications of RLAIF have been successful in dialogue generation, summarization, content personalization and automated reasoning. The review summarizes the recent research of feedback-based reinforcement learning, including underlying mechanisms, practical advantages, constraints, and usage of RLAIF. It points out that AI-based feedback offers a systematic and scalable channel of enhancing alignment, robustness and safety of large-scale language models.
Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Resilience to Floods and Climate Change-Related Risks among Marginal, Riverine Communities in Metro Manila

Abstract This study examines the vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience of urban poor households living in the riverine communities of the three flood prone areas in Metro Manila, namely, (1) Pasig-Marikina River basin, (2) West Mangahan, and (3) the KAMANAVA area (Kalookan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela). Based on a survey of 300 urban poor households in 14 communities located in these flood basins, the study found that the environmental-ecological vulnerability of the low-lying flood prone areas interacts strongly with the social vulnerability of urban poor households, highlighting the effects of climate related changes (sea level rise, increased typhoons, intensity of monsoon rains, floods and tidal/storm surges) on this vulnerable population. Most of the households have low-incomes, live in slum/squatter settlements and do not have adequate access to potable water, electricity, health, sewage and sanitation facilities. About two-thirds of them suffered losses (e.g., income, work, health/sickness, household appliances/things, housing damage) from typhoons, floods, and tidal/storm surges but only a small portion of them obtained help from formal institutions (e.g., local government units or LGUs, charitable agencies) and informal support networks (relatives/neighbors/friends). Of these, a third of these households appeared more vulnerable and consistently incurred higher losses (e.g., income and workdays) and intense inconveniences (e.g., water source buried by floods, toilets blocked and overflowed with wastes/large worms to their floors) compared to their neighbors. Both urban poor households and their local governments have formulated adaptation strategies in response to the increasing effects of climate change. Few of the local governments built river barriers, improved their drainage systems, installed water diversion techniques (e.g., “bombastic”) and disaster warning systems and increased the capacity of their officials to assist during evacuations. Meanwhile, some urban poor households have adapted to a “water-based lifestyle” (e.g., raising the floors/increasing the number of floors of their homes, building makeshift bridges among households in swampy areas, building Styrofoam boats for transport, etc.). But on the whole, both the urban poor residents and the formal institutions (LGUs, national agencies) need resources and capability building to increase their capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change.
Workplace innovation influence on occupational safety and health

Innovation is an important science for the sustainable development of any country. Workplace innovation brings radical change in the workers’ environment, thereby enhancing the profitability of companies. However, most research and discussion of innovations are focussed on product development and/or process improvement, disregarding workplace and service innovation. Hence, this study aims to identify gaps that exist in previous studies to recommend further research areas related to workplace innovation influences on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) interventions. The research was carried out through extensive literature reviews. It is evident that the influence of workplace innovation has been neglected in many studies despite the significance for workplace safety and health. Findings from the literature review revealed that workplace innovation has not been properly differentiated from new product development innovation and there are few cases of research carried out on the workplace innovation in pa...
O-126 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE DURING GRAPHENE NANOFLAKES PRODUCTION PROCESS: AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO MONITOR EARLY CYTO-GENOTOXIC EFFECTS BY SENSITIVE AND NONINVASIVE BIOMARKERS AND WORKPLACE CONTAMINATION

Abstract                                   Introduction                   Standardized exposure monitoring procedures and suitable biomarkers and biological matrices are needed to evaluate the potential health risk of occupational exposure to graphene-based nanomaterials.                                                   Methods                   We enrolled 5 workers of a graphene start up (mean age 39±13) and 5 controls (mean age 38±12). Harmonized OECD methodology was used to measure workplace and personal worker exposure. We used Buccal Micronucleus Cytome (BMCyt) assay (buccal cells) for local cyto-genotoxic effects and fpg-comet test (lymphocytes) and oxidized DNA bases 8-oxoGua, 8-oxoGuo and 8-oxodGuo measurements (urine) for systemic genotoxic/oxidative effects.                                                   Results                   Particle number concentration during the graphene-based powders handling differs significantly from the background (Wilcoxon test p&amp;lt;0.05). Furthermore morphological analyses on airborne sampled materials showed rare particles attributable in size and shape to the produced graphene-based nanomaterials. BMCyt assay showed in exposed workers nuclear buds (indicative of genic amplification) and slight MN frequency induction and a subject MN positive (exceeding a fixed cut-off value for MN frequency 1.5‰). Fpg-comet assay showed induction of direct and oxidative DNA damage in exposed vs controls. A slight increase of urinary oxidized DNA bases in exposed workers was also found. Discussion The study confirms BMCyt and fpg-comet assays as the most sensitive biomarkers of early, still reparable, genotoxic and oxidative effects that, related to exposure measurements, represent useful non-invasive tools for the biomonitoring of workers involved in graphene production.                                                   Conclusions                   The integrated approach including workplace exposure characterization and biomonitoring of early health effects is useful for risk assessment and could be also used for long-term studies of workers exposed to nanomaterials.
Comparison between $W_2$ distance and $\dot{H}^{-1}$ norm, and localisation of Wasserstein distance

It is well known that the quadratic Wasserstein distance $W_2 (\mathord{\boldsymbol{\cdot}}, \mathord{\boldsymbol{\cdot}})$ is formally equivalent, for infinitesimally small perturbations, to some weighted $H^{-1}$ homogeneous Sobolev norm. In this article I show that this equivalence can be integrated to get non-asymptotic comparison results between these distances. Then I give an application of these results to prove that the $W_2$ distance exhibits some localisation phenomenon: if $μ$ and $ν$ are measures on $\mathbf{R}^n$ and $\varphi \colon \mathbf{R}^n \to \mathbf{R}_+$ is some bump function with compact support, then under mild hypotheses, you can bound above the Wasserstein distance between $\varphi \cdot μ$ and $\varphi \cdot ν$ by an explicit multiple of $W_2 (μ, ν)$.
Zero-Shot Video Editing Using Off-The-Shelf Image Diffusion Models

Large-scale text-to-image diffusion models achieve unprecedented success in image generation and editing. However, how to extend such success to video editing is unclear. Recent initial attempts at video editing require significant text-to-video data and computation resources for training, which is often not accessible. In this work, we propose vid2vid-zero, a simple yet effective method for zero-shot video editing. Our vid2vid-zero leverages off-the-shelf image diffusion models, and doesn't require training on any video. At the core of our method is a null-text inversion module for text-to-video alignment, a cross-frame modeling module for temporal consistency, and a spatial regularization module for fidelity to the original video. Without any training, we leverage the dynamic nature of the attention mechanism to enable bi-directional temporal modeling at test time. Experiments and analyses show promising results in editing attributes, subjects, places, etc., in real-world videos. Code is made available at \url{https://github.com/baaivision/vid2vid-zero}.
Profiling and automated decisions concerning consumers in the insurance market and threats to their right to privacy and the right of disposal over their personal data

The innovation of insurance companies’ access to Big Data to collect additional information about the customer or verify the data provided by the customer can bring benefits to both parties, but also generate risks for the consumer. In the article, the author points out that in the business insurance market, profiling and automated decision-making should be distinguished depending on how personal data is used. This is relevant to decision-making by insurance companies in individual cases with regard to consumers without their consent based solely on automated processing, including profiling of their personal data. Within the scope of the analyzed issue, the obligation to provide information to the consumer about the fact of subjecting him to personalization treatments using automated data analysis tools was also presented. The consumer’s privacy mechanisms based on providing information to the consumer and obtaining the consumer’s consent are of debatable effectiveness. It seems that the protection of personal data in the current consumer trade should be regulated by public law instruments applied by regulatory bodies at the EU and member state levels.
Managing Fisheries and Aquaculture for Sustainable Food and Nutrition Security in Ethiopia

A ten-years fishery and aquaculture master plan (FAMP) spanning from 2024/25 to 2033/34 has been developed by the Ministry of Agriculture to enhance fish production, particularly by leveraging aquaculture potential in Ethiopia. This paper reviewed the current status of fisheries and aquaculture and showed intervention measures required for utilizing the resources in a sustainable manner. Ethiopia's annual capture fisheries production potential is estimated at 127,969 tons from its 16,100 km² of lentic water bodies and 8,065 km of flowing rivers. In recent years, capture fish production grew rapidly from 50,150 tons in 2013 to 101,000 tons in 2022, approaching the country’s production potential. On the other hand, the country possesses over 15,158 km² of land highly suitable for aquaculture development with an estimated fish production potential of 402,000 tons by 2034. Although aquaculture production grew from 41 tons in 2013 to 1,070 tons in 2022, mainly due to the expansion of pond aquaculture, it still accounts about 1% of the total fish production in the country. This paper describes major aquaculture practices, the history of fish stocking and fish species for culturing along with their current status and future prospects. The potential of aquaculture in Ethiopia remains untapped, which calls for timely interventions to enhance fish stock in existing water bodies and expand land-based aquaculture using different culture technologies following FAMP strategic approaches.&nbsp;
Desafios da assistência fonoaudiológica paliativa à busca pela qualidade de vida até o fim / Challenges of palliative speech-language pathology care to the search for quality of life to the end

A ciência tem contribuído proficuamente na longevidade e terapias trazendo cura onde não havia esperança. Porém, ainda nos deparamos com agravos a saúde ainda sem cura e sem tratamento. A população mundial tem se beneficiado do avanço científico, proporcionando um aumento da expectativa de vida. Atenta-se às condições em que portadores de doenças crônicas em terminalidade vem mantendo qualidade de vida mesmo sem possibilidade de cura. Assim, os Cuidados Paliativos contribuem até o fim da vida respeitando sua dignidade. Este é um Trabalho de pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória através de levantamento bibliográfico, objetivando demonstrar o papel desempenhado pelo fonoaudiólogo na equipe, atuando para minimizar perdas de competência na deglutição e comunicação. A Fonoaudiologia é importante na equipe multidisciplinar, importando abordagem na formação universitária, e junto às equipes que atuam nos cuidados paliativos, com adaptações que promovem conforto e segurança na deglutição, melhora da qualidade de vida, alívio ao próprio e familiares.
What corporate social responsibility reporting adds to financial return?

Using a Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) for panel data, this study investigates the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on financial performance, for 154 European firms between 2000 and 2008. The CSR index reveals whether or not the firm published a social report for year t. Statistical evidence shows that this index is negatively and significantly associated with the expected return on the capital asset, even after (i) controlling for size, sector and country specific effect or PER, and (ii) correcting for size-CSR multicolinearity bias.
Strategic human resource management, business ethics, corporate social responsibility, and sustainability

This chapter discusses the concepts of business ethics, corporate social responsibility (CSR), and sustainability. First, it defines these concepts and discusses the key global trends driving these issues in organizations. Then, it critically evaluates organizational approaches to business ethics, CSR, and sustainability. The chapter examines both sustainable and green HRM and explores the role of HRM in embedding business ethics, CSR, and sustainability in organizations. It concludes with a discussion of the barriers to embedding these approaches in organizations.
The Indigenous Peoples’ Right to Lands and Natural Resources in the Inter-American Human Rights System: Preserving Cultural Identity while Ensuring Development

The Inter-American Commission on Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights have developed an especially progressive jurisprudence on indigenous peoples’ rights. In particular, they have recognised the special tie existing between indigenous communities and their ancestral lands and natural resources contained therein as the source of their distinct cultural identity.  Thus, ensuring the rights to property, possession, enjoyment and exploitation of ancestral lands and natural resources is pivotal to guaranteeing the physical and cultural survival of the indigenous peoples concerned. However, the preservation of cultural identity and traditional values of indigenous peoples through the protection of their right to lands and natural resources often clashes with state or private companies’ projects and development activities. The chapter illustrates the Inter-American jurisprudence with special attention to the use of precautionary and provisional measures and the design of adequate measures of reparation in cases concerning indigenous peoples’ right to lands and natural resources.
Crystal structure prediction using the Minima Hopping method

A structure prediction method is presented based on the Minima Hopping method. Optimized moves on the configurational enthalpy surface are performed to escape local minima using variable cell shape molecular dynamics by aligning the initial atomic and cell velocities to low curvature directions of the current minimum. The method is applied to both silicon crystals and binary Lennard-Jones mixtures and the results are compared to previous investigations. It is shown that a high success rate is achieved and a reliable prediction of unknown ground state structures is possible.
Dynamics of Sustainable and Ethically Responsible Business Practices in Corporate Social Responsibility

This book chapter constitutes a securing examination of the subject of corporate social responsibility (CSR), getting into the complicated circumstances surrounding company conduct. It carefully evaluates CSR's converting route, establishing its historical foundations and establishing available changes. All living things on the earth are directly or indirectly bound to the community, and the single most essential thing is the human being, who bears the greatest duty to the community to which the individual is a citizen. The objective of the study is to explain in thoroughly the growth of CSR in India, and to evaluate the changing shift of CSR, which will offer information into how businesses have evolved their tactics and targets. The chapter offers to serve as an informative manual, creating an extremely prepared road for users who seek to recognize and effectively operate in the rapidly evolving field of sustainability.
Eliciting meta consent for future secondary research use of health data using a smartphone application - a proof of concept study in the Danish population

The increased use of information technology in every day health care creates vast amounts of stored health data that can be used for research. The secondary research use of routinely collected data raises questions about appropriate consent mechanisms for such use. One option is meta consent where individuals state their own consent preferences in relation to future use of their data, e.g. whether they want the data to be accessible to researchers under conditions of specific consent, broad consent, blanket consent or not at all. This study investigates whether meta consent preferences can be successfully elicited by a smartphone application in the adult Danish population.A smartphone app was developed for the elicitation of meta consent preferences. An invitation to use the app was distributed to a stratified, representative sample of the Danish adult population. The meta consent choices, the use of the app, user experience data, and demographic data were logged and analysed statistically using IBM SPSS version 20.Of 1000 potential respondents 221 used the app. One hundred eighty-eight of the respondents were female and 103 male. The age range was 19 to 79 years with an average of 51 years (SD 16). Most users indicate 1) that they find the choices they are asked to make easy to understand (>75% find it 'Easy' or 'Very easy'), 2) that the application is easy to use (>75% find it 'Easy' or 'Very easy'), and 3) that this kind of choice should be offered to people (89% find it 'Absolutely' or 'Somewhat' important).It is possible to collect meta consent preferences in the general, adult population using a smartphone app.
Offloading Decision and Resource Allocation in Mobile Edge Computing for Cost and Latency Efficiencies in Real-Time IoT

Internet of Things (IoT) devices can integrate with applications requiring intensive contextual data processing, intelligent vehicle control, healthcare remote sensing, VR, data mining, traffic management, and interactive applications. However, there are computationally intensive tasks that need to be completed quickly within the time constraints of IoT devices. To address this challenge, researchers have proposed computation offloading, where computing tasks are sent to edge servers instead of being executed locally on user devices. This approach involves using edge servers located near users in cellular network base stations, and also known as Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). The goal is to offload tasks to edge servers, optimizing both latency and energy consumption. The main objective of this paper mentioned in the summary is to design an algorithm for time- and energy-optimized task offloading decision-making in MEC environments. Therefore, we developed a Lagrange Duality Resource Optimization Algorithm (LDROA) to optimize for both decision offloading and resource allocation for tasks, whether to locally execute or offload to an edge server. The LDROA technique produces superior simulation outcomes in terms of task offloading, with improved performance in computation latency and cost usage compared to conventional methods like Random Offloading, Load Balancing, and the Greedy Latency Offloading scheme.
Integrating Chaos Engineering with CI/CD for Resilience Testing

As organizations adopt DevOps practices to accelerate software delivery, integrating chaos engineering into Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines offers a proactive approach to testing system robustness. This paper explores the systematic integration of chaos engineering with CI/CD to enable resilience testing at every stage of the software lifecycle. Through an extensive literature review, architectural analysis, theoretical framing, and implementation strategies, this study identifies effective fault injection models, observability techniques, and resilience metrics suitable for automated pipelines. The results show that chaos-infused CI/CD pipelines significantly enhance system reliability, reduce Mean Time to Recovery (MTTR), and align with Site Reliability Engineering (SRE) objectives. The paper concludes by outlining best practices, limitations, and future opportunities in building self-healing, fault-tolerant systems.
Individual Responsibility for Crimes Under International Law : The UN ad hoc Tribunals and the International Criminal Court

The present article concerns individual criminal responsibility under international law. It is based on a lecture at the Summer School of the Grotius Centre for International Legal Studies, held by Reinhold Gallmetzer in The Hague on 5 July 2005. Reinhold Gallmetzer has turned his presentation into the present article and Mark Klamberg has written the second part on the ICC.