ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Cosmic radiation in the heliosphere at successive solar minima: 4. Modulation of galactic cosmic rays during the three consecutive solar minimum periods of 1977/1978, 1987 and 1997

Extensive data sets have been measured for galactic and anomalous cosmic rays during the past three solar minimum modulation periods of 1977, 1987, and 1997 by various spacecraft at distances ranging from 1 to 66 AU from the Sun. In this paper we investigate the radial, latitudinal, and rigidity dependence of the diffusion mean free paths (λ) deduced from galactic helium and hydrogen in the heliosphere and compare these values with those from earlier studies by Reinecke et al. [1993, 1996] and from theoretical calculations by Zank et al. [1997, 1998].
Hospital COVID-19 Preparedness and Patient Safety Programme: A System-Level Quality Improvement Initiative at District General Hospital Nawalapitiya

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, necessitating rapid restructuring of hospital services to ensure patient and staff safety while maintaining continuity of care. This article describes the development and implementation of a comprehensive COVID-19 preparedness and patient safety programme at District General Hospital Nawalapitiya during the early stages of the pandemic in Sri Lanka. The initiative involved establishing isolation units, intermediate care pathways, triage systems, infection control measures, patient education strategies, and communication networks. A multidisciplinary, system-level approach was adopted in alignment with national and international guidelines. The programme successfully enhanced infection control, improved patient flow, minimized hospital transmission risks, and ensured safe and efficient healthcare delivery during a critical period. This paper highlights the importance of proactive planning, coordinated teamwork, and adaptive system redesign in managing public health emergencies.  Keywords: COVID – 19 Preparedness, Intermediate Care Centre, Isolation, Triage System.  Title: Hospital COVID-19 Preparedness and Patient Safety Programme: A System-Level Quality Improvement Initiative at District General Hospital Nawalapitiya  Author: Somaratne CJK, Weraduwage K, Raqeeb A, Pathiranage KPWC  International Journal of Recent Research in Commerce Economics and Management (IJRRCEM)  ISSN 2349-7807  Vol. 13, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026  Page No: 55-59  Paper Publications    Website: www.paperpublications.org  Published Date: 16-April-2026  DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19604620  Paper Download Link (Source)  https://www.paperpublications.org/upload/book/Hospital%20COVID-19%20Preparedness-16042026-3.pdf
Initial development of pathological personality trait domain measures using the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI).

This study set out to create measures of the five personality disorder trait domains outlined in Section III of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) from the Personality Assessment Inventory items (Morey, 2007). Rasch rating scale model analyses and classical test theory analyses were applied to existing data sets (N = 3,877; community, clinical, offender, college) to identify relevant items. Five scales were created that had acceptable unidimensionality and generally conformed to Rasch model expectations. The ability of the items to cover the underlying construct and their differential item function by sex were acceptable, though a few of the proposed scales had weaknesses in these areas. Internal consistency was acceptable for all scales and the factor structure was generally consistent with expectations, but some scales had concerning cross-loadings. Preliminary analyses demonstrated validity of the scales in relation to history of mental health treatment/current symptoms, substance abuse, and, for one scale, violent rearrests. There were small-to-moderate associations with noncorresponding traits, suggesting a degree of saturation with general personality impairment. The relevance of the proposed scales for the assessment of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition personality disorder is discussed.
Electrically programmable phase-change photonic memory for optical neural networks with nanoseconds in situ training capability

أصبحت الشبكات العصبية البصرية (ONNs)، التي تتيح الكمون المنخفض ومعالجة البيانات المتوازية العالية دون تداخل كهرومغناطيسي، لاعباً قابلاً للتطبيق للمعالجة والحساب السريع والموفر للطاقة لتلبية الطلب المتزايد على معدل التجزئة. يمكن للذكريات الضوئية التي تستخدم مواد تغيير الطور غير المتطايرة أن تحقق استهلاكًا صفريًا ثابتًا للطاقة، وحديثًا حراريًا منخفضًا، وشبكات عصبية ضوئية واسعة النطاق وعالية الكفاءة في استخدام الطاقة. ومع ذلك، فإن سرعة التبديل واستهلاك الطاقة الديناميكي للذكريات الضوئية القائمة على مواد تغيير الطور يجعلها غير قابلة للتطبيق للتدريب في الموقع. هنا، من خلال دمج رقعة من الغشاء الرقيق لتغيير الطور مع مرنان ميكروي مدمج في الصمام الثنائي PIN، تم توضيح ذاكرة فوتونية ثنائية الوظائف تمكن كل من التخزين 5 بت وتعديل متطاير النانو ثانية. لأول مرة، يتم تقديم مفهوم للذاكرة الضوئية التي تعمل بالطور والقابلة للبرمجة كهربائياً والمدمجة مع تعديل النانو ثانية للسماح بالتدريب السريع في الموقع ومعالجة بيانات استهلاك الطاقة الثابتة الصفرية في ONNs. حققت ONNs المزودة بنواة التفاف ضوئي تم إنشاؤها بواسطة ذاكرتنا الضوئية نظريًا دقة في التنبؤات أعلى من 95 ٪ عند اختبارها بواسطة قاعدة بيانات الأرقام المكتوبة بخط اليد MNIST. يوفر هذا حلاً عمليًا لبناء ONNs غير المتطايرة على نطاق واسع مع قدرة تدريب عالية السرعة في الموقع.
Dynamical density functional theory for orientable colloids including inertia and hydrodynamic interactions

Over the last few decades, classical density-functional theory (DFT) and its dynamic extensions (DDFTs) have become powerful tools in the study of colloidal fluids. Recently, previous DDFTs for spherically-symmetric particles have been generalised to take into account both inertia and hydrodynamic interactions, two effects which strongly influence non-equilibrium properties. The present work further generalises this framework to systems of anisotropic particles. Starting from the Liouville equation and utilising Zwanzig's projection-operator techniques, we derive the kinetic equation for the Brownian particle distribution function, and by averaging over all but one particle, a DDFT equation is obtained. Whilst this equation has some similarities with DDFTs for spherically-symmetric colloids, it involves a translational-rotational coupling which affects the diffusivity of the (asymmetric) particles. We further show that, in the overdamped (high friction) limit, the DDFT is considerably simplified and is in agreement with a previous DDFT for colloids with arbitrary shape particles.
Does U.S. Federal Employment Law Now Cover Caste Discrimination Based On Untouchability?: If All Else Fails There is the Possible Application of Bostock v. Clayton County

This article discusses the issue of whether a victim of caste discrimination based on untouchability can assert a claim of intentional employment discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981. This article contends that there are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is a form of religious discrimination under Title VII. The question of whether caste discrimination is a form of race or national origin discrimination under Title VII or Section 1981 depends upon how the courts apply these definitions to caste discrimination based on untouchability. There are legitimate arguments that this form of discrimination is recognized within the concept of race discrimination or national origin discrimination under Title VII or race discrimination under Section 1981. However, if courts reject these conclusions, the approach adopted by the Supreme Court in its June 2020 decision in Bostock v. Clayton County would provide another potent legal argument for recognizing such discrimination. The Bostock approach avoids the question of whether caste discrimination based on untouchability is a form of national origin or racial discrimination. This approach draws on the Supreme Courtâ€™s recognition that the â€œbut-forâ€ causation standard applies under both Title VII and Section 1981. The but-for test directs us to change one thing at a time and see if the outcome changes. If it does, we have found a but-for cause. And multiple but-for causes can exist. Applying this approach to intentional employment discrimination against gays, lesbians, or transgender individuals, the Supreme Court pointed out that such a personâ€™s sex is inextricably intertwined with their other status. The Court concluded that discrimination against a person because they are gay, lesbian, or transgender means that you are discriminating against such a person based on that status, which is not protected, and their sex, which is. Thus, under the Bostock approach, because all of those who are victims of caste discrimination based on ...
Extreme Value Theory and Poisson Statistics for Discrete Time Samplings of Stochastic Differential Equations

We investigate the distribution and multiple occurrences of extreme events stochastic processes constructed by sampling the solution of a Stochastic Differential Equation on $\mathbb{R}^n$. We do so by studying the action of an annealead transfer operators on ad-hoc spaces of probability densities. The spectral properties of such operators are obtained by employing a mixture of techniques coming from SDE theory and a functional analytic approach to dynamical systems.
A novel dataset and deep learning object detection benchmark for grapevine pest surveillance

Flavescence dorée (FD) poses a significant threat to grapevine health, with the American grapevine leafhopper, Scaphoideus titanus, serving as the primary vector. FD is responsible for yield losses and high production costs due to mandatory insecticide treatments, infected plant uprooting, and replanting. Another potential FD vector is the mosaic leafhopper, Orientus ishidae, commonly found in agroecosystems. The current monitoring approach, which involves periodic human identification of yellow sticky traps, is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Therefore, there is a compelling need to develop an automatic pest detection system leveraging recent advances in computer vision and deep learning techniques. However, progress in developing such a system has been hindered by the lack of effective datasets for training. To fill this gap, our study contributes a fully annotated dataset of S. titanus and O. ishidae from yellow sticky traps, which includes more than 600 images, with approximately 1500 identifications per class. Assisted by entomologists, we performed the annotation process, trained, and compared the performance of two state-of-the-art object detection algorithms: YOLOv8 and Faster R-CNN. Pre-processing, including automatic cropping to eliminate irrelevant background information and image enhancements to improve the overall quality of the dataset, was employed. Additionally, we tested the impact of altering image resolution and data augmentation, while also addressing potential issues related to class detection. The results, evaluated through 10-fold cross validation, revealed promising detection accuracy, with YOLOv8 achieving an mAP@0.5 of 92%, and an F1-score above 90%, with an mAP@[0.5:0.95] of 66%. Meanwhile, Faster R-CNN reached an mAP@0.5 and mAP@[0.5:0.95] of 86% and 55%, respectively. This outcome offers encouraging prospects for developing more effective management strategies in the fight against Flavescence dorée.
A qualitative content analysis of retained surgical items: learning from root cause analysis investigations

AbstractObjectiveTo describe incidents of retained surgical items, including their characteristics and the circumstances in which they occur.DesignA qualitative content analysis of root cause analysis investigation reports.SettingPublic health services in Victoria, Australia, 2010–2015.ParticipantsIncidents of retained surgical items as described by 31 root cause analysis investigation reports.Main Outcome Measure(s)The type of retained surgical item, the length of time between the item being retained and detected and qualitative descriptors of the contributing factors and the circumstances in which the retained surgical items occurred.ResultsSurgical packs, drain tubes and vascular devices comprised 68% (21/31) of the retained surgical items. Nearly one-quarter of the retained surgical items were detected either immediately in the post-operative period or on the day of the procedure (7/31). However, about one-sixth (5/31) were only detected after 6 months, with the longest period being 18 months. Contributing factors included complex or multistage surgery; the use of packs not specific to the purpose of the surgery; and design features of the surgical items.ConclusionRetained drains occurred in the post-operative phase where surgical counts are not applicable and clinician situational awareness may not be as great. Root cause analysis investigation reports can be a valuable means of characterizing infrequently occurring adverse events such as retained surgical items. They may detect incidents that are not detected by other data collections and can inform the design enhancements and development of technologies to reduce the impact of retained surgical items.
Cosmogenic Radionuclides In Meteorites and Solar Modulation of Galactic Cosmic Rays In the Internal Heliosphere

Cosmogenic radionuclides with half-life periods T1/2 ranging from several days to a million years, produced in the nuclear reactions of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) with meteoritic matter, provide valuable information on the GCR intensity variations on a long time scale (∼1 million years) within meteorite orbits 2–4 AU from the Sun. Information on the variations of GCR gradients in the inner heliosphere was obtained by comparing the measured contents of 54Mn and 22Na in stone meteorites (chondrites) with known orbits at the time of their fall to Earth with the calculated production rates of these radionuclides in them using balloon intensity measurements of GCR (E > 100 MeV) in the stratosphere at appropriate times. Although individual gradient values show significant uncertainties, the important information is that cosmogenic radionuclides in chondrites predict low gradients (0–10% per 1 AU) for all periods of minimum solar activity in 1957–2013, according to direct measurements in interplanetary space. High gradients (50–100% per 1 AU) are predicted for periods of maximum solar activity, especially in 1992 and 2012 (up to ∼200% per 1 AU). Average values of gradients are (20 ± 10)% per 1 AU for modern solar cycles (according to the production rate of 22Na), similar to the average values for the last ∼1 million years (according to the production rate of 26Al), which indicates the constancy of the solar modulation of the GCR, at least for the last million years.
Semantic Embeddings of Chemical Elements for Enhanced Materials Inference and Discovery

We present a framework for generating universal semantic embeddings of chemical elements to advance materials inference and discovery. This framework leverages ElementBERT, a domain-specific BERT-based natural language processing model trained on 1.29 million abstracts of alloy-related scientific papers, to capture latent knowledge and contextual relationships specific to alloys. These semantic embeddings serve as robust elemental descriptors, consistently outperforming traditional empirical descriptors with significant improvements across multiple downstream tasks. These include predicting mechanical and transformation properties, classifying phase structures, and optimizing materials properties via Bayesian optimization. Applications to titanium alloys, high-entropy alloys, and shape memory alloys demonstrate up to 23% gains in prediction accuracy. Our results show that ElementBERT surpasses general-purpose BERT variants by encoding specialized alloy knowledge. By bridging contextual insights from scientific literature with quantitative inference, our framework accelerates the discovery and optimization of advanced materials, with potential applications extending beyond alloys to other material classes.
Breaking boundaries: Pan BETi disrupt 3D chromatin structure, BD2-selective BETi are strictly epigenetic transcriptional regulators

Bromodomain and extraterminal proteins (BETs) are more than just epigenetic regulators of transcription. Here we highlight a new role for the BET protein BRD4 in the maintenance of higher order chromatin structure at Topologically Associating Domain Boundaries (TADBs). BD2-selective and pan (non-selective) BET inhibitors (BETi) differentially support chromatin structure, selectively affecting transcription and cell viability.Using RNA-seq and BRD4 ChIP-seq, the differential effect of BETi treatment on the transcriptome and BRD4 chromatin occupancy of human aortic endothelial cells from diabetic patients (dHAECs) stimulated with TNFα was evaluated. Chromatin decondensation and DNA fragmentation was assessed by immunofluorescence imaging and quantification. Key dHAEC findings were verified in proliferating monocyte-like THP-1 cells using real time-PCR, BRD4 co-immunoprecipitation studies, western blots, proliferation and apoptosis assays.We discovered that 1) BRD4 co-localizes with Ying-Yang 1 (YY1) at TADBs, critical chromatin structure complexes proximal to many DNA repair genes. 2) BD2-selective BETi enrich BRD4/YY1 associations, while pan-BETi do not. 3) Failure to support chromatin structures through BRD4/YY1 enrichment inhibits DNA repair gene transcription, which induces DNA damage responses, and causes widespread chromatin decondensation, DNA fragmentation, and apoptosis. 4) BD2-selective BETi maintain high order chromatin structure and cell viability, while reducing deleterious pro-inflammatory transcription.BRD4 plays a previously unrecognized role at TADBs. BETi differentially impact TADB stability. Our results provide translational insight for the development of BETi as therapeutics for a range of diseases including CVD, chronic kidney disease, cancer, and COVID-19.
Supplementary Table 4 from Genome-wide Profiling of Chromatin Signatures Reveals Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Genes in Colorectal Cancer

Supplementary Table 4 from Genome-wide Profiling of Chromatin Signatures Reveals Epigenetic Regulation of MicroRNA Genes in Colorectal Cancer
Motivations for engaging in Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting : Comparative Study among Different Industries in Sweden

The primary purpose of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of the motivations that lead companies to engage in CSR reporting practices and to explore how such practices differ among industries within Sweden. Furthermore, the study attempts to explain the phenomena from the perspective of stakeholder theory. To do so, the study adopts a semi-structured qualitative interview with four Swedish companies which are currently reporting CSR performance and four companies which are not reporting CSR performance in four industrial categories. The companies selected in the study were asked to explain what made them decide to issue CSR reports or do not.The results show that the most important motivating factors are increasing shareholder value and reputation management by means of CSR reporting. The motivations in CSR reporting of different industrial sectors in Sweden are found similar to the cases of the previous research except for environmentally-sensitive industry. When companies in this industry decide to start reporting they do so to be perceived as environmentally-responsible to a broad set of stakeholders. In the next step, companies recognize that it can be important to a more narrow range of stakeholders such as institutional investors.When applying a stakeholder strategy matrix, two industry groups − environmentally sensitive industry and corporate governance-issues-sensitive industry show that the practice of CSR reporting is to communicate with traditional stakeholders, specifically, the shareholders, not with multi-stakeholders. This means that motivations for companies to engage in CSR reporting are led by diversified interests of traditional stakeholders rather than diversified types of stakeholders (Freeman, 1984). On the other hand, the supply chain issues-sensitive industry employs CSR reports as a mean of defending potential risks so as to manage the relationship with multi-stakeholders. In an ethical issues-sensitive industry, a more important factor considers incorporating sustainability to be beneficial to business which indicates taking care of traditional stakeholders.
Positive attitude towards business ethics and social responsibility for improving corporate image

The paper deals with the elements of business ethics and social responsibility, as important factors for improving the corporate image of the organizations, and thus achieving a competitive advantage on the market. The competitiveness and development of the organization in conditions of more and more emphasized globalization depends on the ability of managers to make socially responsible decisions and to satisfy the different demands of the interested parties (individuals and groups). Social responsibility is a modern concept of leadership and managing organizations and the business in general, in which organizations voluntarily involve stakeholders, and sets social and environmental standards. The paper focuses on modern business ethics, ethical principles and social responsibility that managers need to have, since they are most expected to act responsibly and ethically, and thus to contribute to the promotion of the social values that represent the recognizable identity and corporate image of organizations. Empirical research was conducted on 140 respondents, 40 of whom are managers and 100 are employed, in many organizations that have a top quality management and quality control standard. The research shows that employees and managers in business organizations have the necessary knowledge and positive attitudes regarding the concept of social responsibility.
Comprehensive Hybrid Framework for Risk Analysis in the Construction Industry Using Combined Failure Mode and Effect Analysis, Fault Trees, Event Trees, and Fuzzy Logic

AbstractThe nature of the construction industry is characterized by many risks and uncertainty inherent in every phase of the project life cycle. Risk management, therefore, is essential for a construction project to succeed in fulfilling its project objectives. In conventional event-tree analysis, the probability of the risk event, the probability of failure/success of different mitigation strategies, and the consequences of different paths must be assessed to allow for quantitative event-tree analysis. However, conducting quantitative event-tree analysis, especially in construction projects, entails several difficulties attributed to the lack of sufficient data. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a comprehensive framework in which experts can use linguistic terms rather than numerical values to conduct event-tree analysis and calculate the expected monetary value (EMV) of risk events. The proposed framework is based on combining failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), fault trees, event tr...