ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Digital Phenotyping: Data-Driven Psychiatry to Redefine Mental Health (Preprint)

UNSTRUCTURED                         The term “digital phenotype” refers to the digital footprint left by patient-environment interactions. It has potential for both research and clinical applications but challenges our conception of health care by opposing 2 distinct approaches to medicine: one centered on illness with the aim of classifying and curing disease, and the other centered on patients, their personal distress, and their lived experiences. In the context of mental health and psychiatry, the potential benefits of digital phenotyping include creating new avenues for treatment and enabling patients to take control of their own well-being. However, this comes at the cost of sacrificing the fundamental human element of psychotherapy, which is crucial to addressing patients’ distress. In this viewpoint paper, we discuss the advances rendered possible by digital phenotyping and highlight the risk that this technology may pose by partially excluding health care professionals from the diagnosis and therapeutic process, thereby foregoing an essential dimension of care. We conclude by setting out concrete recommendations on how to improve current digital phenotyping technology so that it can be harnessed to redefine mental health by empowering patients without alienating them.
United Nations Security Council and its impact on the establishment of international security and criminal justice

The global justice and security of today's world challenges a variety of issues, such as terrorism, human rights and human rights violations, crimes against humanity, war crimes, violent repression of authoritarian governments, etc., all of which have a significant impact on global criminal justice and security. They need to be restored, confronted and confronted. In the meantime, international bodies such as the United Nations Security Council, which on the one hand are subject to universal consensus and have their views and ratifications, and on the other hand have the power and capacity to deal with issues that violate international security and criminal justice, Consider a suitable solution. In this descriptive and analytical study, we found that the Security Council used tools such as the theory of responsibility and support, as well as the capacity to refer specific cases to the International Criminal Court, as well as the right to resort to military force and assign it to the United Nations. It is a consensus of the countries of the world, acting against the threatening manifestations of international criminal justice and security, all of which are palpable in the cases of Rwanda, Yugoslavia and the like.
A Tutorial for Evaluating Cure Model Appropriateness

In survival analysis, traditional models assume all individuals will eventually experience the event of interest. However, advances in therapeutics have led to multiple clinical contexts with potentially curative therapies, and in these contexts, certain individuals may never experience the event. Statisticians have developed cure models as a methodology to address this challenge. Nonetheless, despite significant statistical advances in cure models, we have seen more limited uptake in biomedical applications, and we hypothesize that this is caused by limited guidance in the appropriate application of cure models. Cure models require specific identifiability conditions for valid parameter estimation, and previous reports have demonstrated significant issues with the inappropriate application of cure models. Existing tutorials for cure models focus on model implementation and either assume or provide only limited guidance on whether cure modeling is appropriate for the given dataset. This tutorial addresses this gap by describing a systematic procedure that integrates clinical judgment, visual inspection of Kaplan-Meier curves, and quantitative evaluation. We provide a worked example using data from a randomized clinical trial in acute myeloid leukemia, and we also summarize findings from a series of other datasets of hematopoietic cell transplantation to suggest broad practical guidance for choosing to apply cure models. By systematically evaluating cure model appropriateness before fitting these models, researchers can achieve more reliable survival analysis and improved clinical decision-making.
Building-road Collaborative Extraction from Remotely Sensed Images via Cross-Interaction

Buildings are the basic carrier of social production and human life; roads are the links that interconnect social networks. Building and road information has important application value in the frontier fields of regional coordinated development, disaster prevention, auto-driving, etc. Mapping buildings and roads from very high-resolution (VHR) remote sensing images have become a hot research topic. However, the existing methods often ignore the strong spatial correlation between roads and buildings and extract them in isolation. To fully utilize the complementary advantages between buildings and roads, we propose a building-road collaborative extraction method based on multi-task and cross-scale feature interaction to improve the accuracy of both tasks in a complementary way. A multi-task interaction module is proposed to interact information across tasks and preserve the unique information of each task, which tackle the seesaw phenomenon in multitask learning. By considering the variation in appearance and structure between buildings and roads, a cross-scale interaction module is designed to automatically learn the optimal reception field for different tasks. Compared with many existing methods that train each task individually, the proposed collaborative extraction method can utilize the complementary advantages between buildings and roads by the proposed inter-task and inter-scale feature interactions, and automatically select the optimal reception field for different tasks. Experiments on a wide range of urban and rural scenarios show that the proposed algorithm can achieve building-road extraction with outstanding performance and efficiency.
Projected changes of thermal, rainfall and drought indices in Morocco from high resolution climate models

Abstract                Over the past decade, global changes in temperature, average and extreme precipitation have been observed many times. The increase in temperature or even the change in precipitation systems is directly affect extreme weather events, for example, heat waves, heavy rainfall, storms, and droughts are becoming more frequent and more powerful worldwide due to climate change caused by several factors including human activity. This is why there is a necessity to monitor future changes in climate extremes. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the future changes in thermal and rainfall extremes projected by the four climate models over time horizon 2041-2060 relative to the 1981-2010 reference period, based on the 5 climate indices, including Tmm, Tx90p, WSDI, PRCPTOT and SPI. The projections are given under the RCP 4.5 medium scenario. The analysis in thermal aspect shows that Morocco could experience by 2041-2060, a significant warming, has manifested by an increase in average temperature. Future changes in rainfall indices show that the spatial distribution of rainfall in Morocco could change significantly by 2041-2060 compared to the reference period 1971-2010. The four climate models agree on a decrease in annual precipitation that could affect most of the Kingdom. In the same way to dryness, the future changes of the SPI index that characterizes the drought, indicates a move to a dry climate.
Household Water Security and the Human Right to Water and Sanitation

The purpose of this book is to present an overview of the latest research, policy, practitioner, academic and international thinking on water security—an issue that, like water governance a few years ago, has developed much policy awareness and momentum with a wide range of stakeholders. As a concept it is open to multiple interpretations, and the authors here set out the various approaches to the topic from different perspectives. Key themes addressed include: Water security as a foreign policy issue The interconnected variables of water, food, and human security Dimensions other than military and international relations concerns around water security Water security theory and methods, tools and audits. The book is loosely based on a masters level degree plus a short professional course on water security both given at the University of East Anglia, delivered by international authorities on their subjects. It should serve as an introductory textbook as well as be of value to professionals, NGOs, and policy-makers.
CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering, Volume I Land and Water Engineering, Chapter 5 Irrigation and Drainage, Part 5.3 Irrigation Scheduling Techniques

First paragraph: Irrigation scheduling is the process of defining the most desirable irrigation depths and frequencies. Scheduling provides for the optimal profit on yield of a crop, taking into consideration crop, farming, water, and environmental restrictions [1]. The use of irrigation scheduling is becoming more and more necessary because of the continuous increase in water demand, both in agriculture and in other sectors (industry, recreation, and urban use), when water resources are becoming scarcer all over the planet [2]. These techniques are useful not only to prevent water waste, but also to avoid negative effects of overirrigation on crops, both on yield and on the environment. Although it may seem simple, irrigation scheduling is a complex problem indeed, because the satisfaction of crop water requirements must consider all the restrictions imposed on farm management [3]. Among the particular determining factors of each farm are water availability, manpower and energy availability, characteristics of the existing irrigation system and equipment, legal factors affecting the farmland, and user training [3]. Other determinants to be considered when designing irrigation scheduling are soil factors (texture, water-retention capacity, and depth), climatic factors (temperature, solar radiation, humidity, wind speed), factors related to the crop (crop type and variety, characteristics of root system, susceptibility to water stress and salinity), and cropping factors (sowing time, length of the growth cycle, critical growth stages, tillage, fertilizing, control of pests, diseases, and weeds). Many of these factors are interdependent and may vary both in space and time, thus confirming the complexity in accomplishing good irrigation scheduling. In practice and to be operative, the technique can be simplified with the aid of field sensors, computers, and automation [3]. The objectives may be of a different nature, ranging from technical (including yield) to economic and environmental aims, although they usually are combined. The selection of a particular objective for irrigation scheduling depends on specific needs in each situation, but four main strategies can be noted [4].
Light pollution and the concentration of anthropogenic photons in the terrestrial atmosphere

Light pollution can be rigorously described in terms of the volume concentration of anthropogenic photons (light quanta) in the terrestrial atmosphere. This formulation, consistent with the basic physics of the emission, scattering and absorption of light, allows one to express light pollution levels in terms of particle volume concentrations, in a completely analogous way as it is currently done with other classical pollutants, like particulate matter or molecular contaminants. In this work we provide the explicit conversion equations between the photon volume concentration and the traditional light photometry quantities. This equivalent description of the light pollution levels provides some relevant insights that help to identify artificial light at night as a standard pollutant. It also enables a complementary way of expressing artificial light exposures for environmental and public health research and regulatory purposes.
Statistical mechanical approaches to phase transitions in hydrophobic colloids. I. effects of electrolyte concentration

Abstract   First-order perturbation theory and the cell model are used to determine excess pressures and the discorder-order phase transition in hydrophobic colloids. The results of these apprxoimate methods compare well with those of exact Monte Carlo calculations. Particular regard is paid to the effect of the electrolyte concentration on the calculated properties.
Evaluation of Grain Quality-Based Simulated Selective Harvest Performed by an Autonomous Agricultural Robot

Grain price differences due to protein content can have economic effects on the farm as well as environmental effects when alternative protein sources are imported. Grain protein variability can vary from year to year due to environmental factors and can be addressed by site-specific management practices. Alternatively, it can be addressed at harvest time by selective harvest. Agricultural autonomous robots can accurately follow alternative harvesting routes that are subject to grain quality maps, making them suitable choices for selective harvest. This study addresses therefore the potential revenue of selective harvest performed by the route planner of an autonomous field robot. The harvest capacity and potential economic revenues of selective harvest in a Danish context were studied for a set of 20 winter wheat fields with four hypothetical scenarios. The results showed significant differences in harvest capacity between conventional and selective harvest. Even though in some scenarios selective harvest did not require notable additional harvest times, the cost–benefit analysis showed small economic returns of up to 46 DKK ha−1 for the best scenarios, and for most cases losses up to 464 DKK ha−1. Additionally, the location of the high protein content areas has great influence on the profitability of selective harvest.
A Multidisciplinary Model for Quality Improvement and Patient Safety in Military Healthcare Systems

Military Healthcare Systems (MHS) operate in a uniquely high-stakes environment where patient safety and quality of care are inextricably linked to national security and military readiness. Traditional, siloed approaches to Quality Improvement (QI) and Patient Safety (PS) are insufficient to address the complex, systemic challenges inherent in this setting, which range from combat casualty care and dual-mission tensions to hierarchical cultures and global dispersion. This paper proposes and delineates a comprehensive Multidisciplinary Model (MDM) designed to transform the MHS into a high-reliability learning organization. Grounded in Systems Theory and High-Reliability Organization principles, the model integrates expertise from clinical medicine, human factors engineering, systems engineering, data science, and the social sciences into a cohesive framework. Its core components include integrated governance structures, a blended methodology toolkit, a unified data analytics infrastructure, multidisciplinary simulation training, and culture-leadership enablers. The paper argues that the integration of Human Factors and Systems Engineering is critical to proactively mitigating error, while advanced data analytics serve as the essential informational backbone for measurement and feedback. It further examines the significant implementation barriers posed by military hierarchies and cultural norms, proposing strategies for leadership to foster psychological safety and a Just Culture. Finally, the paper establishes a tripartite evaluation framework encompassing patient safety, healthcare quality, and operational readiness metrics to demonstrate the model’s impact. The conclusion asserts that the deliberate adoption of this MDM is an operational imperative, essential for safeguarding beneficiaries, enhancing the resilience of medical forces, and fulfilling the MHS’s vital role in national defense.
Editorial Team Reviewers Focus &amp; Scope Author Guidelines Publication Ethics Open Access Policy Peer Review Process Online Submission Article Processing Cost Abstracting &amp; Indexing Contact TEMPLATE    USER Username  Password   Remember me JOURNAL CONTENT Search Scope  All  Browse By Issue By Author By Title Other Journals NOTIFICATIONS View Subscribe VISITOR  Flag Counter  View My Stats     HOMEABOUTLOGINREGISTERSEARCHCURRENTARCHIVESANNOUNCEMENTS Home &gt; Vol 11, No 2 (2022) &gt; Larasati The correlation between students' frequency of watching English movie and students vocabulary knowledge

This research was aimed to know : “There was significant correlation between students’ frequency of watching English movie and students’ vocabulary knowledge at SMAN 15 Bandar Lampung in 2020/2021 academic year. The researcher methodology of this research was a quantitative. The population of the research was the twelve grade students of SMAN 15 Bandar Lampung in 2020/2021 academic year, the number of students was 35 students. The researcher gave a questionnaire to know students’ frequency of watching English movie, and test to know the students’ vocabulary knowledeg. The data that has been gathered was analysed by Pearson Product Moment Correlation. Data Analysis shows that there is significant correlation between two variable since p&lt;0.05 (p=0.345). It can be happened because most of students use their time to watching English movie and it can enrich their vocabulary.  Keywords: Frequency of Watching English Movie, Vocabulary Mastery
Use of pharmacokinetic versus pharmacodynamic endpoints to support human dose predictions: implications for rational drug design and early clinical development

The predicted human dose regimen of new chemical entities represents the most holistic and clinically relevant measure of drug-likeness upon which to base decisions in drug design and selection of candidate molecules for further development. Likewise, the predicted human dose regimen for efficacy and safety provides critical insight into clinical development planning. As such, human dose predictions are commonly generated in early stages of research and continually revisited as new data are generated through development. In this work, the authors illustrate scenarios where conventional approaches based on discrete pharmacokinetic metrics are inappropriate and propose a generalizable approach leveraging a predicted average pharmacodynamic effect rather than pharmacokinetic metrics. Preclinical and clinical data of a JAK inhibitor, tofacitinib, were used to illustrate the relative value of this approach to human dose prediction. Due to the simplicity of implementation, pharmacokinetic-based approaches which target a discrete maximal, average, or minimum concentration have been widely used across the pharmaceutical industry. However, in emphasizing only one point on the overall exposure-time profile, such approaches can be misleading in terms of the expected pharmacodynamic effect. For future projections, the authors recommend using the average pharmacodynamic effect-based approach to calculate human efficacious dose.
Fast distance computation of multivariate distributions via nonparanormal transport

With the increasing availability of data objects in the form of probability distributions, there is a growing need for statistical methods tailored to distributional data. Distance measures, especially the pairwise distance matrix between data objects, provide the foundation for a wide range of modern data analysis methods, such as clustering, multidimensional scaling, and distance-based regression, among others. The Wasserstein distance is commonly used with distributional data due to its compelling optimal transport property. However, while the Wasserstein distance can be efficiently computed for univariate distributions, its application to multivariate distributions is limited due to high computational costs. To address these scalability issues, we introduce the Nonparanormal Transport (NPT) metric, a closed-form distance based on the flexible nonparanormal distribution family for modeling skewed and non-Gaussian multivariate data. Simulation studies demonstrate that NPT maintains a high level of agreement with the Wasserstein distance, while being at least 1000 times faster than its efficient variants when computing a 100-distribution pairwise distance matrix in both 2 and 5 dimensions. We illustrate the utility of NPT through a multidimensional scaling analysis of bivariate oxygen desaturation distributions of 723 individuals with sleep apnea in the Sleep Heart Health Study.
Ultra-High Energy Cosmic Rays: Some General Features, and Recent Developments Concerning Air Shower Computations

invited talk, presented at the Hadron-RANP2004 workshop
No Science Fair? No Problem. Engaging Students in Science Communication through Peer Review and Publication in a Remote World

Since March 2020, in-person science competitions have been cancelled or moved to a virtual space. This reality has encouraged teachers and students to find alternative ways to disseminate student research and participate in a scientific community.
The Rome Statute Complementarity Principle and the Creation of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights

The Rome Statute Complementarity Principle and the Creation of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights           The Rome Statute places the responsibility of prosecuting crimes recognized under the Statute on state parties and the International Criminal Court (ICC) and will only intervene when such states are unwilling or unable. This is called the principle of complementarity. Thus, African state parties to the Statute are expected to prosecute crimes recognized under the Statute. However, these African state parties and their counterparts who are not parties have decided to create the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights, which, like the ICC, will prosecute the crimes recognized under the Rome Statute if they are unwilling and unable. This study therefore examines the question of whether the creation of the African Court of Justice and Human and Peoples’ Rights is compatible with the obligation of the African state parties under the Rome Statute to prosecute. The study argues that the creation of the Court can be reconciled with the obligation to prosecute under the Rome Statute if the African Union, of which the Court is its judicial organ, is considered to be the agent of the African state parties, which invariably implies that the African state parties are the ones carrying out the prosecution as principals.
R Code and dataset for: Levels and predictors of depression, anxiety, and suicidal risk during COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: The impacts of quarantine extensions on mental health state

This study is part of a broader research assessing mental health state indicators in a sample of the Argentinean general population during the lengthy Argentinean quarantine. This study has two main aims: 1) to analyze differences in specific mental health state (MHS) indicators (depression, state-anxiety, trait-anxiety, and suicidal risk), during three quarantine sub-periods (starting since the first quarantine extension); 2) to assess multiple relationships between each specific MHS indicator and potentially affecting factors. This study has been published in the following paper/journal: López Steinmetz L. C., Dutto Florio M. A., Leyes C. A., Fong S. B., Rigalli A. &amp; Godoy J. C. (2020). Levels and predictors of depression, anxiety, and suicidal risk during COVID-19 pandemic in Argentina: The impacts of quarantine extensions on mental health state. Psychology, Health &amp; Medicine; December 24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1867318