ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Diffusion Schr\"odinger Bridge with Applications to Score-Based Generative Modeling

Progressively applying Gaussian noise transforms complex data distributions to approximately Gaussian. Reversing this dynamic defines a generative model. When the forward noising process is given by a Stochastic Differential Equation (SDE), Song et al. (2021) demonstrate how the time inhomogeneous drift of the associated reverse-time SDE may be estimated using score-matching. A limitation of this approach is that the forward-time SDE must be run for a sufficiently long time for the final distribution to be approximately Gaussian. In contrast, solving the Schr\"odinger Bridge problem (SB), i.e. an entropy-regularized optimal transport problem on path spaces, yields diffusions which generate samples from the data distribution in finite time. We present Diffusion SB (DSB), an original approximation of the Iterative Proportional Fitting (IPF) procedure to solve the SB problem, and provide theoretical analysis along with generative modeling experiments. The first DSB iteration recovers the methodology proposed by Song et al. (2021), with the flexibility of using shorter time intervals, as subsequent DSB iterations reduce the discrepancy between the final-time marginal of the forward (resp. backward) SDE with respect to the prior (resp. data) distribution. Beyond generative modeling, DSB offers a widely applicable computational optimal transport tool as the continuous state-space analogue of the popular Sinkhorn algorithm (Cuturi, 2013).
Study of Traffic Flow Short-Time Prediction Based on Wavelet Neural Network

In order to improve the accuracy of traffic flow short-time prediction, a traffic flow short-time forecasting model is presented based on wavelet neural network. Firstly, a traffic flow short-time prediction model is established based on improved BP neural network. Secondly, a wavelet neural network prediction model is created to improve slow convergence speed and low forecasting precision of BP neural network. The excitation function of hidden layer use wavelet function instead of sigmoid function. Wavelet neural network combines local characteristics of wavelet transform with self-learning capability of neural network. So it has strong approximation and tolerance. Finally, the two models are used to solve traffic flow short-time prediction separately; simulation results show that wavelet neural network is better than BP neural network. Wavelet neural network has high convergence speed and forecasting precision.
Cost-Effective and Readily Replicable Surgical Simulation Model Improves Trainee Performance in Benchtop Robotic Urethrovesical Anastomosis

Our objective was to develop a simple, cost-effective and reusable model for urethrovesical anastomosis for robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy and evaluate its impact on fundamental surgical skills and confidence of urology trainees.A model for the bladder, urethra and bony pelvis was created from materials easily purchased online. Each participant performed several trials of urethrovesical anastomosis using the da Vinci Si® surgical system. Pre-task confidence was assessed prior to each attempt. Two blinded researchers measured the following outcomes: time-to-anastomosis, number of suture throws, perpendicular needle entry and atraumatic needle driving. Integrity of the anastomosis was estimated by gravity filling and measuring pressure at which leakage occurred. These outcomes were translated into an independently validated Prostatectomy Assessment Competency Evaluation score.The model took 2 hours to create and total cost was 64 U.S. dollars. Twenty-one residents enrolled and demonstrated significant improvement in time-to-anastomosis, perpendicular needle driving, anastomotic pressure and total Prostatectomy Assessment Competency Evaluation score between the first and third trial. Pre-task confidence was measured on a Likert scale (1-5) and improved significantly over the 3 trials (Likert scale of 1.8, 2.8 and 3.3).We developed a cost-effective model of urethrovesical anastomosis that does not require the use of a 3D printer. This study demonstrates significant improvement of fundamental surgical skills and validated surgical assessment score for urology trainees over several trials. Our model shows potential for increasing accessibility of robotic training models for urological education. Additional investigation will be required to further assess the utility and validity of this model.
Multi-Task Graph Neural Network For Alzheimer’s Disease Drug Repurposing Using Knowledge Graph And Multi-Level Evidence

Abstract         Developing drugs for treating Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been extremely challenging and costly due to limited knowledge on underlying biological mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Repurposing drugs or their combination has shown potential in accelerating drug development due to the reduced drug toxicity while targeting multiple pathologies. To address the challenge in AD drug development, we developed a multi-task machine learning pipeline to integrate a comprehensive knowledge graph on biological/pharmacological interactions and multi-level evidence on drug efficacy, to identify repurposable drugs and their combination candidates. We developed and computationally validated a heterogeneous graph representation model with transfer learning from universal biomedical databases and with joint optimization with AD risk genes. Using the drug embedding from the heterogeneous graph representation model, we ranked drug candidates based on evidence from post-treatment transcriptomic patterns, mechanistic efficacy in preclinical models, population-based treatment effect, and Phase II/III clinical trials. We experimentally validated the top-ranked candidates in neuronal cells, identifying drug combinations with efficacy in reducing oxidative stress and safety in maintaining neuronal viability and morphology. Our neuronal response experiments confirmed several biologically efficacious drug combinations. This pipeline showed that harmonizing heterogeneous and complementary data/knowledge, including human interactome, transcriptome patterns, experimental efficacy, and real-world patient data shed light on the drug development of complex diseases.
Judicial review of the United Nations Security Council resolutions in the International Court of Justice: the case of sanctions against North Korea

http://www.ester.ee/record=b5147764
ANALISIS KELENGKAPAN PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) BERDASARKAN INDEKS GLOBAL REPORTING INITIATIVE (GRI) PADA BANK UMUM SYARIAH (BUS) DI INDONESIA

The purpose of this study was to determine the completeness of the disclosure of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) based index GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) in the Banking Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange and to know the completeness of the disclosure of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) based index GRI (Global Reporting Initiative ) on Islamic Banks (BUS) in Indonesia. As for the object of this study are all Islamic Banks in Indonesia. The research method used deskriptive analysis with content analysis is to identify the CSR practices in the banking industry using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) index. GRI CSR based on Islamic Banks in Indonesia is not yet complete, it is due to the existence of some items that are unlikely to be met by the banking industry, especially Islamic banking. It is expected the need for disclosure of items of financial statements in accordance with the operational activities of Islamic banking industry so that each indicator can be evaluated properly. Keywords: Disclosure of CSR, GRI Index
Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility

Zbornik predstavlja radove s drugog simpozija o poslovnoj etici na ZŠEM-u. Kao urednici potrudili smo se da stručnjaci iz Hrvatske, Europe i SAD-a iz svojih specifičnih kulturnih i znanstvenih perspektiva, a tako i iz svojih specifičnih znanstvenih interesa pokriju većinu tema poslovne etike, nerijetko onih za koje su i sami stručnjaci. Tako je pokrivena opća teorija „interesnih dionika“ (stakeholder theory) modernih korporacija, primjena teorije u financijama i računovodstvu, menadžmentu, marketingu, te s obzirom na kulture, održivi razvoj i ekologiju.
Numerical simulations with a first order BSSN formulation of Einstein's field equations

We present a new fully first order strongly hyperbolic representation of the BSSN formulation of Einstein's equations with optional constraint damping terms. We describe the characteristic fields of the system, discuss its hyperbolicity properties, and present two numerical implementations and simulations: one using finite differences, adaptive mesh refinement and in particular binary black holes, and another one using the discontinuous Galerkin method in spherical symmetry. The results of this paper constitute a first step in an effort to combine the robustness of BSSN evolutions with very high accuracy numerical techniques, such as spectral collocation multi-domain or discontinuous Galerkin methods.
Protocol for Generation of a Patient-Reported Outcome Measure of Quality of Life in Heart Valve Disease: The VALVQ

ABSTRACT                                    Background                   There is an increasing prevalence of people worldwide with heart valve diseases (HVD), especially rheumatic heart disease, aortic stenosis, and mitral regurgitation, as well as people with a previous valve repair or replacement. Treatment decisions for HVD can be complex, making quality of life an important factor, but no questionnaire to measure quality of life across the lifespan of HVD exists. In this article, we describe the protocol for the development of such a questionnaire.                                                     Methods and Results                   The project will occur over four phases. First, people with HVD, family members and clinical experts will be interviewed to generate a list of questions (‘items’) that comprehensively describe participants’ quality of life. In the second phase, this will be formatted into a questionnaire that is pilot tested for functionality. In the third phase, items will be selected according to item distributions, factor analysis and rotation, and item response theory using the Graded Response Model to generate a final questionnaire containing only the best-performing items, which will then be tested for validity.                   Validity assessments will be repeated after final questionnaire administration in a new sample in the fourth phase.                                                     Conclusion                   The article gives a template for development of a patient report outcome measure (PROM) in the health sciences. It is expected that the final questionnaire, called the VALVQ, will allow clinical trials to more sensitively assess quality of life changes across the spectrum and lifespan in HVD.
Racial differences in prevalence of a supratypic HLA‐genetic marker immaterial to pre‐employment testing for susceptibility to chronic beryllium disease

AbstractBackgroundA beryllium materials manufacturer is conducting a limited pilot program that offers testing for HLA‐DPβ1E69 with genetic counseling through a third party to applicants for employment. An important consideration in this regard is the prevalence of this marker in the general population, and its consequent positive predictive value of disease susceptibility.MethodsPolymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analyses were used to determine HLA‐DPβ1E69 population frequencies. Estimation of positive predictive values assumed a disease frequency among beryllium workers of either 5 or 15% and used an odds ratio for disease risk of 35 for the HLA‐DPβ1E69 marker.ResultsAllelic/carrier frequencies were found to be 0.21/0.33, 0.24/0.40, 0.27/0.47, and 0.38/0.59 for Caucasians, African‐Americans, Hispanics, and Chinese, respectively. Ranges of positive predictive values for a genetic test based on HLA‐DPβ1E69 in these populations were calculated to be 8.3–14.3% for carriers with an assumed disease frequency of 5%. For high risk subgroups with disease frequencies of 15%, the range of positive predictive values was found to span between 24.9–43.0%.ConclusionsThese estimates suggest that using HLA‐DPβ1E69 genotyping for general pre‐employment screening in the beryllium industry has a low positive predictive value, which varies little among racial groups where carrier frequencies differ significantly. Am. J. Ind. Med. 41:457–465, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nature of polaron-molecule transition in Fermi polarons

In this work, we explore the polaron and molecule physics by utilizing a unified variational ansatz with up to two particle-hole(p-h) excitations(V-2ph). We confirm the existence of a first-order transition in 3D and 2D Fermi polarons, and show that the nature of such transition lies in an energy competition between systems with different momenta ${\mathbf Q}=0$ and $|{\mathbf Q}|=k_F$, here ${\mathbf Q}$ is defined as the momentum of Fermi polaron system with respect to the Fermi sea of majority fermions (with Fermi momentum $k_F$). The literally proposed molecule ansatz is identified as an asymptotic limit of $|{\mathbf Q}|=k_F$ state in strong coupling regime, which implies a huge $SO(3)$(for 3D) or $SO(2)$ (for 2D) ground state degeneracy in this regime. The recognization of such degeneracy is crucially important for evaluating the molecule occupation in realistic systems with finite impurity density and at finite temperature. To compare with recent experiment of 3D Fermi polarons, we have calculated various physical quantities under the V-2ph framework and obtained results that are in good agreements with experimental data in the weak coupling and near resonance regime. Further, to check the validity of our conclusion in 2D, we have adopted a different variational method based on the Gaussian sample of high-order p-h excitations(V-Gph), and found the same conclusion on the nature of polaron-molecule transition therein. For 1D system, the V-2ph method predicts no sharp transition and the ground state is always at ${\mathbf Q}=0$ sector, consistent with exact Bethe ansatz solution. The presence/absence of polaron-molecule transition is analyzed to be closely related to the interplay effect of Pauli-blocking and p-h excitations in different dimensions.
Designing a dashboard for student information systems

Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit verschiedenen Designaspekten von Hochschulinformationssystemen (Student Information Systems kurz “SIS”) und wie diese verbessert werden können. In einem ausführlichen Literaturreview werden Kriterien zur Gestal-tung von SISs aus allgemeinen Web-Designguidelines und Literatur über Informationssysteme zusammengetragen. Des Weiteren werden Aspekte wie die Informationsarchitektur, Interaktionsästhetik und Corporate Design behandelt. Einen zentralen Teil der Arbeit nehmen die Evaluierung und der Vergleich von sieben bestehenden SISs ein. Zuerst werden diese unabhängig voneinander evaluiert, um in einem weiteren Schritt gemeinsam mit Experten aus dem Bereich User Experience verglichen zu werden. Hierfür wurde ein Workshop veranstaltet, in welchem die Systeme den Experten vorgestellt wurden und auf ihre Stärken und Schwächen abgeklopft wurden. Auf diesen Einblicken basierend, wurde ein Konzept für ein Dashboard entworfen, welches die wichtigsten Informationen für Studierende auf der Startseite eines SIS bereitstellen soll. Dieses wurde anschließend mit Studierenden in Usertests evaluiert, um herauszufinden ob es für den realen Studienalltag nützlich ist.
The three-stage evolution in the economic valuation of nature: Externalities, ecosystem services, and natural capital accountability

This work was supported by the Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning Leading to Ecosystem Services (MARBEFES) project, funded by the European Union?s Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement 101060937. Luis Garrido Mateos acknowledges support from the European Social Fund Plus, Operational Programme of Castilla y Leon, and the Government of Castilla y Leon, through the Regional Ministry of Education.
Strengthening Access to Justice in Nepal: The Role of Clinical Legal Education and Pro-bono Lawyering for Social Justice

Clinical legal education
A matching design for augmenting a randomized clinical trial with external control

The use of information from real world to assess the effectiveness of medical products is becoming increasingly popular and more acceptable by regulatory agencies. According to a strategic real-world evidence framework published by U.S. Food and Drug Administration, a hybrid randomized controlled trial that augments internal control arm with real-world data is a pragmatic approach worth more attention. In this paper, we aim to improve on existing matching designs for such a hybrid randomized controlled trial. In particular, we propose to match the entire concurrent randomized clinical trial (RCT) such that (1) the matched external control subjects used to augment the internal control arm are as comparable as possible to the RCT population, (2) every active treatment arm in an RCT with multiple treatments is compared with the same control group, and (3) matching can be conducted and the matched set locked before treatment unblinding to better maintain the data integrity. Besides a weighted estimator, we also introduce a bootstrap method to obtain its variance estimation. The finite sample performance of the proposed method is evaluated by simulations based on data from a real clinical trial.
Economic recession and investment on human resource information systems (HRIS)

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of an economic recession on human resource information systems (HRIS) investment decisions by asking: Are there high levels of disinvestment in HRIS during a recession? Are there low levels of trust and confidence in HRIS during a recession? Could there be an absence of concerted commitment in leveraging technology, even in the face of an economic crunch?Design/methodology/approachAn HRIS impact questionnaire was used, targeting human resource and financial managers. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS).FindingsThe findings suggest that while a recession is acknowledged, the continued use of HRIS is not considered a risk factor that warrants cost cutting.Originality/valueThis is an original study. It will add value by indicating to management the significance of strategic decision making. The study also points out the need for further research in order to make more sense of certain variables.
A Qualitative Study on the Internal Experiences of Adolescent Victims’ Parents of the Sewol Ferry Disaster : Focused on Psychological-emotional, Physical, Cognitive, Behavioral Dimensions

본 연구는 세월호 재난 이후 2년이 지난 시점에서 세월호 재난으로 자녀를 잃은 부모의 내적경험을 탐색하고자 수행되었다. 자료수집은 자녀를 잃은 부모 17명을 대상으로 개별 심층면담을 통해 이루어졌다. 수집된 심층면담 자료는 Krippendorff(2004)가 제안한 내용분석 절차에 따라 분석되었다. 연구결과는 4가지 차원(‘심리정서적 차원’, ‘신체적 차원’, ‘인지적 차원’, ‘행동적 차원’), 25개 범주, 94개의 의미내용이 도출되었다. 심리 정서적 차원은 ‘무기력한 일상생활’, ‘우울의 늪에 빠짐’, ‘분노와 원망 삭히기’, ‘공황증상’, ‘자살충동에 휩싸임’, ‘예민해지고 의심이 많아짐’, ‘쉽게 짜증과 화를 내며 신경질적이게 됨’, ‘사회적 공감능력의 상실’ 8가지 범주, 신체적 차원은 ‘시력, 청력 문제’, ‘신경성 두통 및 팔, 다리, 허리 통증’, ‘소화기 계통 이상 증상’, ‘불면’, ‘면역력, 체력 저하’, ‘여성 질환’, ‘갑상선 이상’, ‘혈압 문제’, ‘치과 문제’, ‘췌장염’ 10가지 범주, 인지적 차원은 ‘기억력 감퇴’, ‘집중력 저하’, ‘죽음에 대한 의미 변화’, ‘내 삶의 의미에 대한 변화’ 4가지 범주, 행동적 차원은 ‘불규칙한 식습관’, ‘흡연량의 증가’, ‘음주에 관한 절제력 상실’ 3가지 범주가 도출되었다. 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 논의와 시사점을 제시하였다.
The afterglow and elliptical host galaxy of the short γ-ray burst GRB 050724

Despite a rich phenomenology, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are divided into two classes based on their duration and spectral hardness -- the long-soft and the short-hard bursts. The discovery of afterglow emission from long GRBs was a watershed event, pinpointing their origin to star forming galaxies, and hence the death of massive stars, and indicating an energy release of about 10^51 erg. While theoretical arguments suggest that short GRBs are produced in the coalescence of binary compact objects (neutron stars or black holes), the progenitors, energetics, and environments of these events remain elusive despite recent localizations. Here we report the discovery of the first radio afterglow from a short burst, GRB 050724, which unambiguously associates it with an elliptical galaxy at a redshift, z=0.257. We show that the burst is powered by the same relativistic fireball mechanism as long GRBs, with the ejecta possibly collimated in jets, but that the total energy release is 10-1000 times smaller. More importantly, the nature of the host galaxy demonstrates that short GRBs arise from an old (&gt;1 Gyr) stellar population, strengthening earlier suggestions, and providing support for coalescing compact object binaries as the progenitors.
Scaling Public Health Text Annotation: Zero-Shot Learning vs. Crowdsourcing for Improved Efficiency and Labeling Accuracy

Public health researchers are increasingly interested in using social media data to study health-related behaviors, but manually labeling this data can be labor-intensive and costly. This study explores whether zero-shot labeling using large language models (LLMs) can match or surpass conventional crowd-sourced annotation for Twitter posts related to sleep disorders, physical activity, and sedentary behavior. Multiple annotation pipelines were designed to compare labels produced by domain experts, crowd workers, and LLM-driven approaches under varied prompt-engineering strategies. Our findings indicate that LLMs can rival human performance in straightforward classification tasks and significantly reduce labeling time, yet their accuracy diminishes for tasks requiring more nuanced domain knowledge. These results clarify the trade-offs between automated scalability and human expertise, demonstrating conditions under which LLM-based labeling can be efficiently integrated into public health research without undermining label quality.
Figure and Data for Prediction of the SYM-H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method with Uncertainty Quantification

List of figures and training and testing data used to develop SYMHnet
Projected changes in sea-effect snowfall over the Swedish Baltic Sea region : Results from a high-resolution regional climate model

Extreme weather can cause large disruptions to both natural and human systems and the recurrence and intensity of such events can be affected by climate change. One phenomenon that can lead to hazardous snowstorms over coastal regions is sea-effect snowfall, which can arise during the winter over large ice-free bodies of water. A warmer climate may lead to shorter winters and fewer days of snowfall but also less sea ice and higher precipitation rates, which can impact this phenomenon. The aim of this thesis was to investigate changes in occurrence and intensity of sea-effect snowfall over the Swedish Baltic Sea region in a future warmer climate and to study the impact of using a high resolution, convection-permitting climate model in this area. This was done by analyzing simulations from the HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIM) regional climate model system with boundary data from reanalysis and four CMIP6 global climate models. Future climate was simulated for mid and end of the 21st century using the SSP370 emission scenario. Horizontal grid resolutions of 3 km and 12 km were compared. Results indicate that the number of sea-effect snowfall events will decrease in a future warmer climate, especially in the southern parts of the Baltic Sea. The total precipitation rates during these events will likely increase. The snowfall rates will decrease over water but the effect over the coastal regions remains unclear, though signs of increasing intensity in events in the north exist. In relation to the course model resolution the high-resolution model identified more days with sea-effect snowfall, was associated with, on average, lower precipitation rates but higher extreme and short-term intensities. Compared to available observations and reanalysis both model resolutions showed similar performance in the simulation of precipitation for selected snowband days.