ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Developmental psychology through infancy, childhood, and adolescence

AbstractTaking a developmental perspective to mental health issues should apply across the lifespan. Psychiatrists working with adults need to understand where their clients are coming from and where they are going to. They need to understand the pleasures and pressures that children bring to their parents, and where appropriate they should be considering the impact of parental illness on the children. The institutionalized separation of child and adult psychiatry (in terms of service delivery) should not lead to a separation in ways of considering the developmental context of presenting problems. This chapter has shown that there are many small, focused models of development that deal with discrete areas of development. Stage theories emphasize differences at different stages; social learning theories emphasize continuities on processes of development. As long as practitioners are aware that when they say a child is at a particular stage, this is but a rough guide to describing the child, which may be fine. It is when such models are taken literally, that oversimplification leads to poor practice. There is no one overarching theory of child development and while this may be inconvenient for examiners, it truly reflects the rich diversity of human development. By paying more attention to the interactions between biological, social, and psychological factors, a better understanding of healthy, normal development will emerge. Empirical studies will help identify risk and protective factors which in turn will lead to better mental health promotion and more effective interventions when mental disorders manifest.
An Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Ethics Through Workplace Sexual Harassment

Workplace sexual harassment is a sensitive social topic and also a problem that has plagued society and enterprises for many years. Workplace sexual harassment seriously infringes upon the legitimate rights and interests of employees, harms their physical and mental health, disrupts the organizational environment of enterprises, and has a considerable negative impact on the harmonious development of enterprises, the mental health of employees, and their work behaviors. Workplace sexual harassment violates basic business ethics. With the development of the social economy and the gradual improvement of material living standards, some people have become lost in the pursuit of money, leading to the gradual deterioration of the moral environment. At the same time, due to the existence of deficiencies in the legal aspect, the phenomenon of workplace sexual harassment has been left unchecked and connived at, which has become a malignant tumor affecting social development and the growth of enterprises. The governance of workplace sexual harassment is a long-term task. Enterprises should take the initiative and act proactively, standardize relevant mechanisms, improve related systems, protect the rights and interests of employees, and create a healthy working environment and atmosphere.
50th Anniversary of Artificial Cells: Their Role in Biotechnology, Nanomedicine, Regenerative Medicine, Blood Substitutes, Bioencapsulation, Cell/Stem Cell Therapy and Nanorobotics

It was 50 years ago that the first “artificial cells” were prepared [1,2]. This was not an attempt to reproduce biological cells, but to use available basic knowledge to prepare simple systems for possible uses in medicine and other areas. The 1957 emulsion method for forming ultrathin polymeric membrane artificial cells containing hemoglobin and red blood cell enzymes (Figure 1) has become the basis for the preparation of other types of microscopic and nanodimension artificial cells. Extensions of the original 1957 drop procedure for forming larger artificial cells (Figure 1) have become the basis for preparing artificial cells to contain islet, hepatocytes, genetic engineered cells, stem cells and other types of cells.        Figure 1    Original 1957 method of preparing artificial cells (for details see [1,5]). Upper: drop method for preparing large artificial cells. Principle later extended for use in bioencapsulation of cells, stem cells, genetic engineered cells. Lower: emulsion phase ...        There have been increasing and recently explosive interest and research activities around the world on artificial cells, especially in fields related to biotechnology, nanomedicine, nanoscience, bioencapsulation, cell therapy, blood substitutes, advance drug delivery systems, and even nanoscale robotics and others (Table 1). However, instead of the term “artificial cells,” many use other terminologies, such as liposomes, nanoparticles, microcapsules, blood substitutes, bioencapsulation, and so on.        Table 1    Examples of areas of application (details in [4,5]        As a result, any meaningful literature search for a complete idea of the present status of the whole field of artificial cells is impossible. Furthermore, the fact that papers in this highly interdisciplinary area are published in numerous journals specializing in chemistry, medicine, surgery, bioengineering, nanoscience and others makes a literature search even more difficult. Books in this area are mostly multi-authored, describing very specific and narrow areas. Thus for the 50th anniversary of artificial cells the author has just prepared a monograph on ARTIFICIAL CELLS: Biotechnology, Nanomedicine, Regenerative Medicine, Blood Substitutes and Cell/Stem Cell Therapy [5]. This is now such a large area that it needed more than 1000 references just to summarize the present status and future perspectives of artificial cells.
Genome-Wide Chromosomal Instability by Cell-Free DNA Sequencing Predicts Patient Survival in Metastatic Breast Cancer

e12591  Background: Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) could well recapitulate the genomic features of tumor with minimal invasion. For metastatic breast cancer (MBC), prior applications of cfDNA have focused on tracking specific gene locus. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of genome-wide chromosomal instability derived from cfDNA in patients with MBC. Methods: We retrospectively identified 65 patients with MBC who were intended to change line of therapy and had blood draw for cfDNA. We performed low-coverage whole-genome sequencing of cfDNA from plasma, and chromosomal instability was analyzed and represented by chromosomal instability (CIN) score. Results: 32 (53.3%) samples resulted to have high CIN score, with similar clinicopathologic characteristics relative to patients with low CIN. None of patient’s age (P = 0.073), receptor status (P = 0.136), disease stage at primary diagnosis (P = 0.353), or previous lines of therapy (P = 0.067) was correlated with genome-wide chromosomal instability. Different subtypes of MBC exhibit remarkably diverse copy number profiles. High CIN score was associated with significantly shorter overall survival after blood draw, median 21.2 months (95% CI 14.1-28.3) versus not reached (P = 0.006). Besides, patients with high CIN had worse progression free survival compared with the low CIN group (median 7.3 vs 11.0 months, P = 0.034). CIN score remained an independent prognostic factor in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio, 3.563; 95%CI, 1.481 to 8.572; P = 0.005). Conclusions: Here we present a framework for minimally invasive genomic characterization of different subtypes of MBC, and subsequent integration with clinicopathologic data and patient outcomes. Genome-wide chromosomal instability tracking by cfDNA is reliable and predicts survival in patients with MBC.
The British 2001 Foot and Mouth crisis: a comparative study of public risk perceptions, trust and beliefs about government policy in two communities

This mixed methodology study examines public attitudes to risk and its management during the 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) epidemic in Britain. A quantitative survey and qualitative focus groups were conducted to examine how two communities (Norwich and Bude) responded to the crisis. People were more concerned about a broad range of indirect consequences than about the direct (health) impacts of the disease, especially about the effects on the livelihood and future of rural economies. Moreover, people detected a complex of causes underlying the emergence of FMD, which suggests that the outbreak of FMD was considered a system failure, rather than something that could be blamed on one specific cause or actor. In general, people appeared to be critical about governmental handling of the FMD epidemic. Although there was some support for the government policy of slaughtering infected animals, the government was widely criticized for the way they carried out their policies. Only minor differences between the two communities Norwich and Bude were found. In particular, differences were found related to the government handling of the disease, reflected most notably in people's trust judgements. It is argued that these were the result of contextual differences in local experience, and debate on the crisis, in the two communities.
Combinatorial Optimization: The Interplay of Graph Theory, Linear and Integer Programming Illustrated on Network Flow

Combinatorial Optimization is one of the fields in mathematics with an impressive development in recent years, driven by demands from applications where discrete models play a role. Here, we intend to give a comprehensive overview of basic methods and paradigms, in particular the beautiful interplay of methods from graph theory, geometry, linear and integer programming related to combinatorial optimization problems. To understand the underlying framework and the interrelationships more clearly, we illustrate the theoretical results and methods with the help of flows in networks as running example. This includes on the one hand a combi-natorial algorithm for finding a maximum flow in a network, combinatorial duality and the Max Flow/Min Cut-Theorem as one of the fundamental combinatorial min-max relations. On the other hand, we discuss solving the network flow problem as linear program with the help of the Simplex Method, linear programming duality and the dual program for network flow. Finally, we address the problem of integer network flows, ideal formulations for integer linear programs and consequences for the network flow problem.
Feasible-side global convergence in experimental optimization

We propose a canonical form of the experimental optimization problem and review the state-of-the-art methods to solve it. As guarantees of global convergence to an optimal point via only feasible iterates are absent in these methods, we present a set of sufficient conditions to enforce this behavior.
An interdisciplinary review of digital technologies to facilitate anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in medicines procurement

Background: Pharmaceutical corruption is a serious challenge in global health. Digital technologies that can detect and prevent fraud and corruption are particularly important to address barriers to access to medicines, such as medicines availability and affordability, stockouts, shortages, diversion, and infiltration of substandard and falsified medicines.Objectives: To better understand how digital technologies are used to combat corruption, increase transparency, and detect fraud in pharmaceutical procurement systems to improve population health outcomes.Methods: We conducted a multidisciplinary review of the health/medicine, engineering, and computer science literature. Our search queries included keywords associated with medicines procurement and digital technology in combination with terms associated with transparency and anti-corruption initiatives. Our definition of 'digital technology' focused on Internet-based communications, including online portals and management systems, supply chain tools, and electronic databases.Results: We extracted 37 articles for in-depth review based on our inclusion criteria focused on the utilization of digital technology to improve medicines procurement. The vast majority of articles focused on electronic data transfer and/or e-procurement systems with fewer articles discussing emerging technologies such as machine learning and blockchain distributed ledger solutions. In the context of e-procurement, slow adoption, justifying cost-savings, and need for technical standards setting were identified as key challenges for current and future utilization.Conclusions: Though there is a significant promise for digital technologies, particularly e-procurement, overall adoption of solutions that can enhance transparency, accountability and concomitantly combat corruption, is still underdeveloped. Future efforts should focus on tying cost-saving measurements with anti-corruption indicators, prioritizing centralization of e-procurement systems, establishing regulatory harmonization with standards setting, and incorporating additional anti-corruption technologies into procurement processes for improving access to medicines and to reach the overall goal of Universal Health Coverage.
Sketch-based Fluid Video Generation Using Motion-Guided Diffusion Models in Still Landscape Images

Integrating motion into static images not only enhances visual expressiveness but also creates a sense of immersion and temporal depth, establishing it as a longstanding and impactful theme in artistic expression. Fluid elements such as waterfall, river, and oceans are common features in landscape, but their complex dynamic characteristics pose significant challenges in modeling and controlling their motion within visual computing. Physics-based methods are often used in fluid animation to track particle movement. However, they are easily affected by boundary conditions. Recently, latent diffusion models have been applied to video generation tasks, demonstrating impressive capabilities in producing high-quality and temporally coherent results. However, it is challenging for the existing methods to animate fluid smooth and temporally consistent motion. To solve these issues, this paper introduces a framework for generating landscape videos by animating fluid in still images under the guidance of motion sketches. We propose a finetuned conditional latent diffusion model for generating motion field from user-provided sketches, which are subsequently integrated into a latent video diffusion model via a motion adapter to precisely control the fluid movement.
Constitutionalising Rights to Water and Sanitation: International Norm Diffusion or Local Politics?

Water constitutes the foundation of human life. Without water, no one survives. In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 64/292 recognising the Human Right to Water and Sanitation. Subsequently, constitutionalisation of the Water and Sanitation rights has proliferated, and 31 countries have now constitutionalised the right to water and sanitation. This thesis seeks to understand the impact of this international norm development, and specifically whether and how international norm development led to the proliferation of water and sanitation in national constitutional texts. I conduct a comparative analysis of all constitutions and an in-depth study of the Kenyan constitution-making process. The comparative study finds an increase in human rights language around provisions of water and sanitation in constitutions, supporting the hypothesis of change in language over time. The case study suggests that the international norm development to some extent do influence constitutionalisation of rights to water and sanitation, confirming the second hypothesis. It also reveals other factors of influence, such as the South African constitution, local and regional human rights- and water movements, and the Kenyan people.
Detecting Psychopathological Visual Patterns in AI-Generated Art: A Neural Network Approach to Identifying Schizophrenic-Style Signatures

We trained a fastai/PyTorch-based neural network to distinguish between four classes of images drawn by healthy and mentally ill people. A comparative evaluation involving Gemini, ChatGPT, Grok, and Qwen revealed that AI simulates psychopathological markers with such accuracy that our network classifies them as "schizophrenic" with 75% confidence . The model is available as a Telegram bot for open testing.
Self-Supervised Dynamic Graph Representation Learning via Temporal Subgraph Contrast

Self-supervised learning on graphs has recently drawn a lot of attention due to its independence from labels and its robustness in representation. Current studies on this topic mainly use static information such as graph structures but cannot well capture dynamic information such as timestamps of edges. Realistic graphs are often dynamic, which means the interaction between nodes occurs at a specific time. This paper proposes a self-supervised dynamic graph representation learning framework (DySubC), which defines a temporal subgraph contrastive learning task to simultaneously learn the structural and evolutional features of a dynamic graph. Specifically, a novel temporal subgraph sampling strategy is firstly proposed, which takes each node of the dynamic graph as the central node and uses both neighborhood structures and edge timestamps to sample the corresponding temporal subgraph. The subgraph representation function is then designed according to the influence of neighborhood nodes on the central node after encoding the nodes in each subgraph. Finally, the structural and temporal contrastive loss are defined to maximize the mutual information between node representation and temporal subgraph representation. Experiments on five real-world datasets demonstrate that (1) DySubC performs better than the related baselines including two graph contrastive learning models and four dynamic graph representation learning models in the downstream link prediction task, and (2) the use of temporal information can not only sample more effective subgraphs, but also learn better representation by temporal contrastive loss.
Information and Communication Technology Systems to Improve Quality of Life and Safety of Alzheimer's Disease Patients: A Multicenter International Survey

Within the frame of the European Commission funded Smart Home for Elderly People (HOPE) Project, relatives/caregivers of 223 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) patients were recruited in Italy, Spain, and Greece for a multicenter international survey on the potential role of Information and Communication Technology system (ICT-systems) for AD patients. A five-minute video on HOPE ICT-systems was shown, and all relatives/caregivers completed a 13-item questionnaire that evaluated the potential role of: A) ICT-systems in improving quality of life, care, and safety; B) devices for monitoring personal movements, medication use, and ambient environmental conditions; C) devices to improve communication, home-based rehabilitation, and reduction of specific risks; and D) possible agreement in using ICT-systems by AD patients. Relatives/caregivers reported that ICT-systems could be very useful to improve: A) quality of life (66.4%), care (56.1%), and safety (87.0%); B) monitoring bed rest and movements (80.7%), medication use (87.4%), and ambient environmental conditions (85.2%); and C) emergency communication (83.4%). Relatives/caregivers reported that ICT-systems could be significantly more useful for AD patients aged 75–84 than patients aged &lt;75 or ≥85 years (p &lt; 0.0001) and with moderate than mild or severe dementia (p &lt; 0.0001). Relatives/caregivers aged ≥50 years and with low educational level considered ICT-systems more useful than relatives/caregivers aged &lt;50 years (p &lt; 0.0001) and with high educational level (p &lt; 0.0001). In conclusion, relatives/caregivers considered that the HOPE ICT-system could be useful to improve the management of AD patients.
CuBr2-A New Multiferroic Material with High Critical Temperature

A new multiferroic material, CuBr2, is reported for the first time. CuBr2 has not only a high transition temperature (close to liquid nitrogen temperature) but also low dielectric loss and strong magnetoelectric coupling. These findings reveal the importance of anion effects in the search for the high temperature multiferroics materials among these low-dimensional spin systems.
THE PRIVACY-SECURITY DILEMMA: THE IMPACT OF MASS SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS

The rapid proliferation of digital surveillance technologies has profoundly reshaped the balance between individual freedoms and national security. This study investigates how contemporary surveillance regimes, intensified by artificial intelligence and big data analytics, impact fundamental human rights—especially the right to privacy. Drawing upon the historical evolution of the right to privacy and post-9/11 legal transformations, the paper demonstrates how national security narratives have normalized mass surveillance under the guise of public safety. The legal frameworks of international human rights instruments, such as the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), are evaluated in light of state and corporate surveillance practices. The analysis also focuses on the discriminatory potential of algorithmic decision-making and facial recognition technologies, which disproportionately affect marginalized communities. Through a normative and comparative approach, the study critically examines surveillance frameworks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, and France, as well as key jurisprudence from the European Court of Human Rights and constitutional courts. The findings reveal a growing tension between technological capabilities and democratic principles. In response, the paper proposes a multi-dimensional policy approach based on four pillars: ensuring legality, legitimacy, and proportionality of surveillance measures; establishing robust independent oversight and transparency mechanisms; promoting digital rights education; and reforming international human rights law to address transnational and algorithmic threats. Ultimately, the study argues that preserving human dignity in the digital age requires a careful recalibration of security and liberty through law, ethics, and civic awareness.