ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Monitoring System of Environmental Variables Using a Wireless Sensor Network and Platforms of Internet of Things

En este trabajo se propone un sistema para la recolección de datos meteorológicos usando una Red de Sensores Inalámbricos (RSI), capaz de transmitir los datos en tiempo real. El sistema logra automatizar los procesos de obtención de datos de manera continua y a largo plazo, por medio de un módulo de abastecimiento de energía solar que permite autonomía para su funcionamiento. Para la viabilidad del diseño e implementación de prototipos se propone la construcción de dos sistemas basados en DigiMesh y Wi-Fi, los que se pueden aplicar a diferentes escenarios como zonas urbanas y rurales. Adicionalmente se evalúa la transmisión de información a plataformas de Internet de las Cosas (IoT), en donde se gestionará y visualizará los datos obtenidos por los nodos. Este sistema fue concebido como una alternativa de bajo costo comparado con estaciones meteorológicas convencionales que posean estas prestaciones y está basado en componentes de hardware y software libre. Finalmente, se realizó la validación de los resultados obtenidos mediante un análisis estadístico con los datos registrados en una estación meteorológica Davis Vantage Pro, obteniendo un error relativo promedio máximo de 4,93%.
A Characterization of Approximation Resistance

A predicate f:{-1,1}^k -> {0,1} with ρ(f) = \frac{|f^{-1}(1)|}{2^k} is called {\it approximation resistant} if given a near-satisfiable instance of CSP(f), it is computationally hard to find an assignment that satisfies at least ρ(f)+Ω(1) fraction of the constraints.   We present a complete characterization of approximation resistant predicates under the Unique Games Conjecture. We also present characterizations in the {\it mixed} linear and semi-definite programming hierarchy and the Sherali-Adams linear programming hierarchy. In the former case, the characterization coincides with the one based on UGC. Each of the two characterizations is in terms of existence of a probability measure with certain symmetry properties on a natural convex polytope associated with the predicate.
SOLIDARY ECONOMY AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FISHERY AND AQUACULTURE: ECONOMIC SOLIDARY APPROACH IN PUBLIC POLICIES FOR FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE IN BRAZIL

RESUMO: O trabalho tem por objeto de estudo a relação entre a Gestão Sustentável da Pesca e Aquicultura e a Economia Solidária, a partir da análise da Abordagem Econômico-Solidária em Políticas Públicas de Pesca e Aquicultura no Brasil; com o objetivo de clarear ou revelar as relações presentes, e as possíveis, em gestão sustentável em pesca e aquicultura. A metodologia que guiará tal análise será a da Pesquisa Documentária e Bibliográfica, com inclinação interpretativa, fundamentada na historicidade do Setor de Pesca e Aquicultura e nas pretensões teórico-práticas do Campo da Economia Solidária enquanto paradigma científico alicerçado em engenhosidade política. Os resultados materializam a síntese da reflexão, compreensão e racionalização obtidas na conclusão de que o processo do emprego da Abordagem Econômico-Solidária em Políticas Públicas de Pesca e Aquicultura é uma “construção histórica e paradigmática” que possibilita aos pescadores e aquicultores serem Protagonistas da gestão de Projetos do Ministério da Pesca e Aquicultura (MPA). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: economia solidária, gestão sustentável, pesca e aquicultura, políticas públicas.
Effect Of Operating Complexity, Audit Tenure And Financial Distress On Audit Report Lag With The Size Of The Public Accountant Firm As The Moderating Variable

Companies listed on the IDX are required to report their financial statements in a timely manner. However, in the existing phenomenon, many companies still experience delays in financial reporting. This study aims to identify factors that influence audit report lag in Consumer cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. The dependent variable is audit report lag, the independent variables are operational difficulties, audit tenure, financial distress, and the moderating variable is the size of the KAP. This study is a type of quantitative research with multiple regression analysis methods. The data used are secondary data in the form of financial reports from the official IDX website. A sample of 175 company financial reports was taken using the purposive sampling method. Based on the results of statistical tests, it was obtained that the operational difficulty variable did not affect ARL, the audit tenure variable affected ARL, the financial distress variable affected ARL, the KAP size variable was unable to moderate the effect of operational complexity on ARL, the KAP size variable was able to moderate the effect of operational complexity on ARL and the effect of audit tenure on ARL, the KAP size variable was able to moderate the effect of financial distress on ARL, the effect of operational complexity, audit tenure and financial distress simultaneously affected ARL.
THE ROLE OF WOMEN IN CONFLICT RESOLUTION AND PEACE BUILDING MECHANISMS IN AUCHI

This paper addresses the vital and often undervalued role of women in all stages of conflict resolution and peace building. The study is grounded in the observation that, despite decades of evidence, formal peace processes frequently overlook women’s practical, community-based contributions, leading to fragile and unsustainable peace agreements. The main objective is to establish a forceful argument for the systematic and meaningful inclusion of women, moving beyond tokenism to genuine power-sharing. This research adopts the Feminist Institutionalism and the Critical Peace and Conflict Studies theories to examine how rigid, patriarchal institutions exclude women and how their exclusion negatively affects peace durability. The method adopted is the library research method, drawing exclusively from existing scholarly literature, official policy documents, and expert analyses to build a robust, evidence-based argument. Key arguments presented include: women's participation leads to more sustainable peace; local-level peace initiatives, led primarily by women, are critical for post-conflict stability; and international policy, while progressive in principle (e.g., UNSCR 1325), often fails in practical implementation. The paper concludes that “peace cannot be comprehensive unless it is truly inclusive”. Recommendations focus on mandatory quotas, gender-sensitive training for mediators, and direct funding for women's grassroots organizations.
An Investigation on the Post Disaster Humanitarian Logistics Response for Relief Aid Provision by World Food Programme in Zimbabwe

In the Art of War, Sun Tzu (1772) observes that “the line between order and disorder lies in logistics”. The logistics response to the Asian tsunami in December 2004 reveals the fragility and inadequacy of the logistics processes. High volatility is part of complex situation, but other factors from external actor can increase this complexity; poor mandates in agencies, inadequate capacity in aid provision, or even weak diplomacy may lead to failure. From this point, specialists have highlighted the little extent given to logistics activities within the relief response. The tsunami failures imposed the international community to review its priorities such as strengthening professional staffing and supporting strategic partnerships and local available expertise. Agencies need to clarify who is to coordinate disaster response and recovery. Eventually, logistics is a bridge that allows the transition between emergency and development programs, and links the entire supply chain. This link cannot be ignored by the actors of this particular supply chain because by establishing a long-term process logistics will ensure local development and sustainability. This dissertation is on an investigation on the post disaster humanitarian logistics response for relief aid provision by World Food Programme in Zimbabwe. This research seeks to establish major logistical activities that affect post humanitarian logistics response at World Food Programme in Zimbabwe, to establish the supply chain practices used in disaster management by World Food Programme in Zimbabwe, to determine the relationship between supply chain practices and disaster response among humanitarian organizations in Zimbabwe, to identify factors that influences the post disaster humanitarian logistics response at World Food Programme in Zimbabwe and to suggest strategies that can improve post disaster humanitarian logistics response by World Food Programme in Zimbabwe.
Approaches to analysis with infinitesimals following Robinson, Nelson, and others

This is a survey of several approaches to the framework for working with infinitesimals and infinite numbers, originally developed by Abraham Robinson in the 1960s, and their constructive engagement with the Cantor-Dedekind postulate and the Intended Interpretation hypothesis. We highlight some applications including (1) Loeb's approach to the Lebesgue measure, (2) a radically elementary approach to the vibrating string, (3) true infinitesimal differential geometry. We explore the relation of Robinson's and related frameworks to the multiverse view as developed by Hamkins. Keywords: axiomatisations, infinitesimal, nonstandard analysis, ultraproducts, superstructure, set-theoretic foundations, multiverse, naive integers, intuitionism, soritical properties, ideal elements, protozoa.
An Overview and Discussion of Solution Proposals for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security in Sub-Sahara Africa

The development of the agricultural sector and the improvement of the food security situation are seen as essential components to sustainable development in Sub-Sahara Africa. However, continuing population growth, impacts of climate change and environmental degradation add to an unprecedented combination of pressures that threaten existing efforts and solutions. This article discusses the relation between the challenges of making agriculture more sustainable and meeting food security needs. Several solutions proposals are discussed and organic farming as one of them is used to develop decision criteria. Due to its involvement of all three dimensions of sustainable development, economic, social and environmental organic farming could be one possible approach to create a more sustainable agricultural system.
Regenerative medicine for severe congenital skin disorders: restoration of deficient skin component proteins by stem cell therapy

Some congenital skin disorders lacking structure proteins in the basement membrane zone carry severe prognosis because of severe erosion and skin dysfunction on the whole body. So far, several therapeutic strategies have been emerging for such disorders: 1. gene therapies, 2. protein therapies and 3. cell therapies. Cell therapies have a potential to affect skin systemically, and stem cell transplantation is one of the most hopeful candidates for treating severe congenital skin disorders such as epidermolysis bullosa, from a perspective of transdifferentiation and re-programming of stem cells. We review here the recent strategies and progress of stem cell transplantation for epidermolysis bullosa.
Sustainable agricultural management : a systems approach for examining food security tradeoffs

Estimates suggest that the world needs a 50% increase in food production to meet the demands of the 2050 global population (Tilman et. al. 2011). Cropland expansion is unlikely to be sufficient, and yield improvements that require more inputs may lead to more environmental damage. This work focuses on reallocating limited land and water resources to optimize cropping patterns. By combining optimization methods, surrogate modeling, global data sources, data assimilation, and hydrologic modeling, we identify opportunities for increasing food-crop production and cash-crop revenue, while maintaining sustainability constraints that limit cropland expansion and prevent groundwater depletion. We apply the framework in India's Krishna river basin and find that reallocating resources to meet or exceed current production can lead to 96% gain in net revenue as resources over an estimated current baseline. Resources in this case are moved to high-yielding cash crops. Imposing a self-sufficient southern diet which depends on rice reduces the gains to 77% while imposing a self-sufficient national diet with more emphasis on wheat eliminates all net revenue gains to the region. The approach described in this thesis, highlights the trade-offs between food production, cost and environmental impacts in achieving specified food-security objectives. This research contributes to the field in two ways: 1) it provides a novel method for combining remotely sensed data, surrogate models and optimization to understand agricultural trade-offs, and 2) it furthers the discussion on food and water security and sustainable resource management by demonstrating that resource reallocation with sustainability constraints provides revenue gains in certain situations.
Health Insurance Coverage and Access to Care by Sexual Orientation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: United States, January 2021–February 2022

Objectives. To compare health insurance coverage and access to care by sex and sexual minority status during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess whether lack of insurance hindered access to care by sexual minority status.  Methods. Using Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data (January 2021–February 2022), we examined differences by sex and sexual orientation among 158 722 adults aged 18 to 64 years living in 34 states. Outcomes were health insurance coverage type and 3 access to care measures.  Results. Sexual minority women were significantly more likely to be uninsured than were heterosexual women, and lack of insurance widened the magnitude of disparity by sexual minority status in all measures of access. Compared with heterosexual men with health insurance, sexual minority men with health insurance were significantly more likely to report being unable to afford necessary care.  Conclusions. During the pandemic, 1 in 8 sexual minority adults living in 34 study states were uninsured. Among sexual minority women, lack of insurance widened inequities in access to care. There were inequities among sexual minority men with health insurance.  Public Health Implications. Sexual minority adults may be disproportionately affected by the unwinding of the COVID-19 public health emergency and may require tailored efforts to mitigate insurance coverage loss. (Am J Public Health. 2024;114(1):118–128. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307446 )
Oman as a Quiet Mediator: Facilitative Diplomacy in the Iranian Nuclear Negotiations

This research examines the role of the Sultanate of Oman as a "Trusted Mediator" and a "Facilitative Diplomat" in the context of regional and international conflict resolution, with a specific focus on the Iranian nuclear file. In an era marked by intense polarization and geopolitical instability, Muscat has pioneered a unique model of "Positive Neutrality" that balances geographic pragmatism with ethical diplomacy. Utilizing a qualitative case study approach and the descriptive-analytical method, the study investigates how Oman's adherence to pillars such as non-interference, quiet dialogue, and preventive diplomacy has allowed it to bridge the trust gap between major powers, notably the United States and Iran. By analyzing official documents and primary diplomatic records alongside academic literature, the research explores the distinction between traditional mediation and Omani facilitative practices. The findings indicate that Oman's success is rooted in its ability to provide a secure, non-coercive platform for communication, transforming its strategic location-overseeing the Strait of Hormuz-into a functional tool for global security. The study concludes that the Omani model offers a vital framework for conflict transformation, demonstrating that active neutrality can facilitate sustainable settlements where conventional power politics reach an impasse.
Computational Systems Biology Applied To Human Metabolism. Mathematical Modelling and Network Analysis.

Human metabolism, an essential and highly organized process, which is required to run and maintain cellular processes and to respond to shifts in external and internal conditions, can be described as a complex and interconnected network of metabolic pathways. Computational systems biology provides a suitable framework to study the mechanisms and interactions of this network and to address questions that are difficult to reproduce in vitro or in vivo. This dissertation contributes to the development of computational strategies which help to investigate aspects of human metabolism and metabolic-related disorders. In the first part, we introduce mathematical models of folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism in the cytoplasm and subsequently in the nucleus. A hybrid-stochastic framework is applied to investigate the behavior and stability of the complete metabolic network in response to genetic and nutritional factors. We analyse the effect of a common polymorphism of MTHFR, B12 and folate deficiency, as well as the role of the 5-formyltetrahydrofolate futile cycle on network dynamics. Furthermore, we study the impact of multienzyme complex formation and substrate channelling, which are key aspects related to nuclear folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism. Model simulations of the nuclear model highlight the importance of these two factors for normal functioning of the network and further identify folate status and enzyme levels as important influence factors for network dynamics. In the second part, we focus on metabolic syndrome, a highly prevalent cluster of metabolic disorders. We develop a computational workflow based on network analysis to characterise underlying molecular mechanisms of the disorder and to explore possible novel therapeutic strategies by means of drug repurposing. To this end, genetic data, text mining results, drug expression profiles and drug target information are integrated in the setting of tissue-specific background networks and a proximity score based on topological distance and functional similarity measurements is defined to identify potential new therapeutic applications of already approved drugs. A filtering and prioritization analysis allow us to identify ibrutinib, an inhibitor of bruton tyrosine kinase, as the most promising repurposing candidate.
Projection Theorems of Divergences and Likelihood Maximization Methods

Projection theorems of divergences enable us to find reverse projection of a divergence on a specific statistical model as a forward projection of the divergence on a different but rather simpler statistical model, which, in turn, results in solving a system of linear equations. Reverse projection of divergences are closely related to various estimation methods such as the maximum likelihood estimation or its variants in robust statistics. We consider projection theorems of three parametric families of divergences that are widely used in robust statistics, namely the Rényi divergences (or the Cressie-Reed power divergences), density power divergences, and the relative $α$-entropy (or the logarithmic density power divergences). We explore these projection theorems from the usual likelihood maximization approach and from the principle of sufficiency. In particular, we show the equivalence of solving the estimation problems by the projection theorems of the respective divergences and by directly solving the corresponding estimating equations. We also derive the projection theorem for the density power divergences.
The effects of projected climate change on crop water availability in the U.S. Caribbean using CMIP6 models

Abstract         Recent studies have suggested that anthropogenic climate change mainly affects the Small Island Developing States (SIDS), and farming systems in the Caribbean are vulnerable to climate change, especially changes in temperature and precipitation, due to their relatively high dependence on rainfall. However, there is a lack of research investigating the local impacts of climate change on agriculture in the U.S. Caribbean. This work evaluated how temperature and precipitation projections could affect water crop needs in Puerto Rico (Greater Antilles) and St. Croix (Lesser Antilles). We used Daymet climate data to create a baseline climatology (1981–2010), and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) to create two future climatologies (2041–2070 and 2071–2100). The Thornthwaite water budget model was used to estimate water deficit, and the CROPRISK model to determine crop suitability for sweet pepper, banana, and plantain. Results indicated that water stress after 2041 is expected to be greater for most of the region from June–August, except for western Puerto Rico, where water deficit will be greater from January–March. For sweet pepper, banana, and plantain agroclimatic suitability, the most water-stressed season is projected to be January–July, mainly for southern Puerto Rico and St. Croix. November will be the only month during which all regions and all crops were projected to be highly suitable through the end of the 21  st  Century. These findings suggested that Puerto Rico and St. Croix crop water stress may be more sensitive to future changes in temperature than changes in precipitation. Understanding the location and periods most sensitive to water stress and crop suitability should help local governments to plan for mitigating future food insecurity in the U.S. Caribbean.
Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Conservation: A Narrative Synthesis of Disturbance, Recovery, and Policy Implications

This study presents a comprehensive narrative review of forest ecological dynamics and their role in biodiversity conservation. Given the accelerating threats of deforestation, habitat fragmentation, and climate change, understanding how ecological processes shape forest biodiversity is critical for informing sustainable management strategies. The objective of this review is to synthesize existing knowledge regarding disturbance regimes, successional recovery, landscape connectivity, and socio-anthropogenic influences on forest ecosystems. The literature search was conducted using Scopus and Google Scholar, applying Boolean combinations of core terms such as "forest ecology" and "biodiversity conservation," and adhering to inclusion criteria that prioritized peer-reviewed studies published in the last ten years. Empirical findings reveal that moderate ecological disturbances, such as controlled burns and natural succession, can enhance species richness and functional diversity. However, excessive or poorly managed disturbances often lead to biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. Habitat fragmentation emerges as a major barrier to gene flow and species dispersal, while restoration efforts like assisted natural regeneration and diverse reforestation show promise in promoting recovery. The discussion links these findings to established ecological theories, acknowledging both alignments and divergences, especially under anthropogenic influence. It also explores systemic governance barriers and policy shortcomings that impede conservation effectiveness. The review concludes with recommendations for adaptive management, community engagement, and future research to address knowledge gaps and improve biodiversity outcomes. These insights offer a pathway for integrating ecological understanding into actionable conservation policy.