ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Digital implementation of a continuous-time nonlinear optimal controller: An experimental study with real-time computations

In this paper, the digital implementation of a continuous-time robust nonlinear optimal controller is presented as an experimental study with real-time computations. Complicated computations, solutions, and algorithms of nonlinear optimal policies were always reported as limits to experimental implementations. This work uses a combination of integral sliding mode control (ISMC) and the state-dependent Riccati equation (SDRE) approach for controlling an experimental setup, a rotary inverted pendulum (RIP) with nonlinear dynamics. Designing in the continuous-time domain and performing an experiment using digital computers are common and that leads to extra tuning in practice. Digital components are considered in simulations to provide a more real output and omit extra tuning. Analysis of sampling time effect on instability of a stable controller was done and the obtained bound of sampling time was verified in the experiment. The experimental study showed that the computations of the proposed controller were able to be programmed into the platform interface with time-varying sampling time which was bounded to the generated sampling time in the simulation. Successful swinging up and stabilization of the RIP demonstrated the effectiveness of the ISMC plus SDRE approach. The comparison of the proposed controller with the solo SDRE controller validated the results and showed the performance of the design.
<i>AKARI</i>AND BLAST OBSERVATIONS OF THE CASSIOPEIA A SUPERNOVA REMNANT AND SURROUNDING INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM

We use new large area far infrared maps ranging from 65 - 500 microns obtained with the AKARI and the Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) missions to characterize the dust emission toward the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant (SNR). Using the AKARI high resolution data we find a new tepid dust grain population at a temperature of ~35K and with an estimated mass of 0.06 solar masses. This component is confined to the central area of the SNR and may represent newly-formed dust in the unshocked supernova ejecta. While the mass of tepid dust that we measure is insufficient by itself to account for the dust observed at high redshift, it does constitute an additional dust population to contribute to those previously reported. We fit our maps at 65, 90, 140, 250, 350, and 500 microns to obtain maps of the column density and temperature of cold dust (near 16 K) distributed throughout the region. The large column density of cold dust associated with clouds seen in molecular emission extends continuously from the surrounding interstellar medium to project on the SNR, where the foreground component of the clouds is also detectable through optical, X-ray, and molecular extinction. At the resolution available here, there is no morphological signature to isolate any cold dust associated only with the SNR from this confusing interstellar emission. Our fit also recovers the previously detected hot dust in the remnant, with characteristic temperature 100 K.
Evolutionary biology of parasitic platyhelminths: The role of molecular phylogenetics

As our appreciation of the diversity within the flatworms has grown, so too has our curiosity about the ways in which these varied creatures are related to one another. In particular, the parasitic groups (trematodes, cestodes and monogeneans have been the focus of enquiry. Until recently, morphology, anatomy and life histories have provided the raw data for building hypotheses on relationships. Now, ultrastructural evidence, and most recently, molecular data from nucleic acid sequences, have been brought to bear on the topic. Here, David Blair, Andrés Campos, Michael Cummings and Juan Pedro Laclette discuss the ways in which molecular data, in particular, are helping us recognize the various lineages of flatworms.
Constraints on dark energy from H II starburst galaxy apparent magnitude versus redshift data

In this paper we use H II starburst galaxy apparent magnitude versus redshift data from Siegel et al. (2005) to constrain dark energy cosmological model parameters. These constraints are generally consistent with those derived using other data sets, but are not as restrictive as the tightest currently available constraints.
RRScell method for automated single-cell profiling of multiplexed immunofluorescence cancer tissue

Multiplexed immuno-fluorescence tissue imaging, allowing simultaneous detection of molecular properties of cells, is an essential tool for characterizing the complex cellular mechanisms in translational research and clinical practice. New image analysis approaches are needed because tissue section stained with a mixture of protein, DNA and RNA biomarkers are introducing various complexities, including spurious edges due to fluorescent staining artifacts between touching or overlapping cells. We have developed the RRScell method harnessing the stochastic random-reaction-seed (RRS) algorithm and deep neural learning U-net to extract single-cell resolution profiling-map of gene expression over a million cells tissue section accurately and automatically. Furthermore, with the use of manifold learning technique UMAP for cell phenotype cluster analysis, the AI-driven RRScell has equipped with a marker-based image cytometry analysis tool (markerUMAP) in quantifying spatial distribution of cell phenotypes from tissue images with a mixture of biomarkers. The results achieved in this study suggest that RRScell provides a robust enough way for extracting cytometric single cell morphology as well as biomarker content in various tissue types, while the build-in markerUMAP tool secures the efficiency of dimension reduction, making it viable as a general tool in the spatial analysis of high dimensional tissue image.
Strengthening Legal Protection of Indigenous Peoples’ Customary Land Rights In Indonesia’s Disruption Era

Constitutional recognition of customary law communities and their customary rights in the Indonesian legal system affirms the existence of customary law as part of national law. However, in an era of disruption marked by globalization, economic expansion, and regulatory complexity, the protection of customary territories faces significant structural and normative challenges. Regulatory fragmentation and disharmonization of sectoral legislation have weakened the effectiveness of the recognition and protection of customary rights, thereby creating legal uncertainty and increasing the vulnerability of indigenous peoples. Based on this background, this study formulates the following problem: How can customary law and national law be harmonized in responding to the challenges of globalization? How can regulatory fragmentation and structural barriers affet the protection of customary land rights in the era of disruption? This study aims to examine the adequacy and coherence of legal norms governing customary rights and to formulate normative recommendations to strengthen the protection of customary territories within the national legal framework. This study uses a normative juridical method with a regulatory, conceptual, and analytical approach to constitutional provisions, sectoral regulations, and relevant legal doctrines. The results of the study show that the main obstacles to the protection of customary rights lie in overlapping regulations, inconsistent recognition mechanisms, and the lack of a comprehensive legal framework. Therefore, strengthening the protection of customary rights requires regulatory harmonization, clarity of recognition procedures, and adaptive legal governance by integrating customary law principles into the national legal system.
Recent advances in methodology for clinical trials in small populations: the InSPiRe project

Where there are a limited number of patients, such as in a rare disease, clinical trials in these small populations present several challenges, including statistical issues. This led to an EU FP7 call for proposals in 2013. One of the three projects funded was the Innovative Methodology for Small Populations Research (InSPiRe) project. This paper summarizes the main results of the project, which was completed in 2017. The InSPiRe project has led to development of novel statistical methodology for clinical trials in small populations in four areas. We have explored new decision-making methods for small population clinical trials using a Bayesian decision-theoretic framework to compare costs with potential benefits, developed approaches for targeted treatment trials, enabling simultaneous identification of subgroups and confirmation of treatment effect for these patients, worked on early phase clinical trial design and on extrapolation from adult to pediatric studies, developing methods to enable use of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics data, and also developed improved robust meta-analysis methods for a small number of trials to support the planning, analysis and interpretation of a trial as well as enabling extrapolation between patient groups. In addition to scientific publications, we have contributed to regulatory guidance and produced free software in order to facilitate implementation of the novel methods.
Is Judicial Independence Possible in a State which Is Not a Rule-of-Law State?

In Poland, from the start of the democratic transformation in 1989, the rule of law became a fundamental, leading principle of the Polish constitutionalism. The last decades have been a period of constitutional evolution of the judiciary in Poland. Courts, which were to administer justice in line with Montesquieu’s formula of court as the mouthpiece of the law, became the basic guarantors of human rights. The Polish constitutional crisis, which began in 2015, is part of the phenomenon of constitutional abusivism, that is, undermining the fundamental values of constitutional democracy. The Polish legal order displays the features of what E. Fraenkel called a dual state. The characteristic feature of the Polish constitutional crisis is that the constitutional disputes about judicial independence are transferred to the supranational level. The dualism of law presents particular challenges for the judiciary. A question arises whether it will be possible to apply constitutional rules after independent institutions in charge of their observance cease to function.
THE ROME STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT AND THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION: THE EDGE OF NON-CONFORMITY

The article notes the reasons of Russia’s refusal to participate in the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The certain provisions of the Statute are analyzed and their contradiction to the norms of the Constitution of the Russian Federation is mentioned. A negative assessment of the prospects for amending the Constitution and adopting new legislation in connection with the provisions of the Statute is given
The paradox of privacy compliance: a better understanding of company infractions with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Bien que les entreprises accordent une attention particulière aux réglementations RGPD, beaucoup ne s’y conforment pas de manière systématique (privacy compliance paradox). Entre 2018 et 2022, plus de 2 milliards d’euros d’amendes ont été délivrées à l’échelle européenne, et 2023 sera probablement une année record. Dans ce contexte, nous cherchons à mieux identifier les différentes sources d’infractions pouvant impacter la relation client. Les résultats d’une étude qualitative menée auprès d’experts en gestion des données, montrent que, tiraillées entre les avantages et risques perçus, certaines entreprises font le choix délibéré de transgresser les règles, que ce soit par des actes malveillants ou des omissions passives (privacy compliance calculus). Cependant, d’autres infractions sont involontaires. Malgré les efforts déployés pour intégrer au mieux le RGPD à leurs pratiques, nous observons des erreurs et inactions passives liées aux difficultés que rencontrent les entreprises pour comprendre et appliquer les réglementations existantes (privacy compliance gap).
Coverage of policies to improve antimicrobial stewardship in low and middle income countries: Results from the first Global Survey of Experts on Antimicrobial Resistance

Abstract         Background  Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) constitutes a major threat to global health security. While antimicrobial misuse or overuse is a one of the main drivers for AMR, little is known regarding the extent to which this is due to a lack of national government-led efforts to enforce rational antimicrobial use in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods  To assess antimicrobial stewardship and national implementation measures currently in place for optimizing antimicrobial use and slowing the spread of AMR through expert’s lens, we invited public health experts from 138 LMICs to participate in a Global Survey of Experts on Antimicrobial Resistance (GSEAR). Key coverage measures as reported by experts were compared to across countries and also compared to estimates collected in the 2020-21 World Health Organization organized Tripartite AMR Country Self-assessment Survey (TrACSS). Results  A total of 352 completed surveys from 118 LMICs were analysed. Experts in 67% of the surveyed countries reported a national action plan (NAP) on AMR, 64% reported legislative policies on antimicrobial use, 58% reported national training programs for health professionals, and 10% reported national monitoring systems for antimicrobials. 51% of LMICs had specific targeted policies to limit the sale and use of protected or reserve antibiotics. While 72% of LMICs had prescription requirements for accessing antibiotics, getting antibiotics without a prescription was reported to be possible in practice in 74% of LMICs. On average, country efforts reported in TrACSS were substantially higher than those seen in GSEAR. Conclusions  Gaps in the implementation and enforcement of policies to reduce the risk of AMR in many LMICs remain large. Improved monitoring of national efforts as well as increased national efforts in the areas of enforcement and monitoring of antibiotic use are urgently needed to reduce inappropriate use and overuse in LMICs and to slow the spread of AMR globally.
COASTAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT OF THE FRENCH MEDITERRANEAN COASTS TO STORMS FLOODING AND EROSION PHENOMENA, AND MORPHODYNAMIC MODELING UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE PROJECTIONS

Storm events on sandy coastal environments already weakened by a sediment deficit can generate a strong erosion of the beach-dune system, accentuating the phenomena of marine flooding and damage to infrastructures. In order to assess this risk of coastal flooding under stormy conditions and taking into account climate change and the new IPCC projection (IPCC, 2021), modeling approaches nowadays provide a robust tool. In this study, a modeling chain is used to simulate present-day and future coastal hazards on the Mediterranean French coastline, taking into account the complex interaction of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic phenomena. In order to build a regional strategy for the evaluation of the coastal hazards under storm events, a methodology is proposed to evaluate the reality of a potential increase of coastal flooding following dune/beach erosion and to identify the concerned coastal regions for prioritizing regional coastal zone management actions.
Social Media Addiction in Adolescents and Young Adults: Exploring the Mental Health Implications and Interventions

This paper aims to understand the factors contributing to social media addiction and its subsequent impact on adolescents’ mental health. It also explores the various interventions especially the role of parents in mitigating this effect.
Digital phenotyping for assessment and prediction of mental health outcomes: a scoping review protocol

IntroductionRapid advancements in technology and the ubiquity of personal mobile digital devices have brought forth innovative methods of acquiring healthcare data. Smartphones can capture vast amounts of data both passively through inbuilt sensors or connected devices and actively via user engagement. This scoping review aims to evaluate evidence to date on the use of passive digital sensing/phenotyping in assessment and prediction of mental health.Methods and analysisThe methodological framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley will be used to conduct the review following the five-step process. A three-step search strategy will be used: (1) Initial limited search of online databases namely, MEDLINE for literature on digital phenotyping or sensing for key terms; (2) Comprehensive literature search using all identified keywords, across all relevant electronic databases: IEEE Xplore, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, PubMed, the ACM Digital Library and Web of Science Core Collection (Science Citation Index Expanded and Social Sciences Citation Index), Scopus and (3) Snowballing approach using the reference and citing lists of all identified key conceptual papers and primary studies. Data will be charted and sorted using a thematic analysis approach.Ethics and disseminationThe findings from this systematic scoping review will be reported at scientific meetings and published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Statistical Data Analysis of Low-Level Nonconformances for Risk Assessment in Trackway Asset Management

The purpose of this paper is to present a risk assessment approach for trackway asset management based on the statistical data analysis of low-level nonconformance rates, a key health monitoring parameter. Four elements in this analysis provide a systems engineering basis for: establishing the initial appearance of a nonconformance, key life cycle parameters, estimated delay mitigation costs, and capacity loss rate as a function of the nonconformance rate. Significant research has been done on risk assessment of severe and catastrophic nonconformances, focusing mainly on the steel rail sub-component. Instead, this research is focused on identifying the effect of aging on deterioration of trackway performance of the invert, ties, plates, and fastener sub-components, exclusive of rails, long before the initiation of impending critical nonconformances. While low-level trackway nonconformances pose virtually no risk to safety or service continuity, they do represent initial phase conditions of the deterioration cycle offering an intriguing opportunity for the study of behavioral forecasting. This research introduces the concept of a serviceability performance degradation rate, in an asset management framework, consisting of: (i) the useful service life expectancy of a device and the ages at which nonconformances at different severity levels can be expected; (ii) developing a serviceability performance degradation rate model; and (iii) forecasting the cost implications of deferred maintenance and associated financial risks. Focus on this early stage offers managers important insight into the assessment of the effect of aging on the asset deterioration cycle, and its associated financial risk, for prioritization of early intervention.
The scaler mode in the Pierre Auger Observatory to study heliospheric modulation of cosmic rays

The impact of the solar activity on the heliosphere has a strong influence on the modulation of the flux of low energy galactic cosmic rays arriving at Earth. Different instruments, such as neutron monitors or muon detectors, have been recording the variability of the cosmic ray flux at ground level for several decades. Although the Pierre Auger Observatory was designed to observe cosmic rays at the highest energies, it also records the count rates of low energy secondary particles (the scaler mode) for the self-calibration of its surface detector array. From observations using the scaler mode at the Pierre Auger Observatory, modulation of galactic cosmic rays due to solar transient activity has been observed (e.g., Forbush decreases). Due to the high total count rate coming from the combined area of its detectors, the Pierre Auger Observatory (its detectors have a total area greater than $16\,000$\,m$^2$) detects a flux of secondary particles of the order of $\sim 10^8$\,counts per minute. Time variations of the cosmic ray flux related to the activity of the heliosphere can be determined with high accuracy. In this paper we briefly describe the scaler mode and analyze a Forbush decrease together with the interplanetary coronal mass ejection that originated it. The Auger scaler data are now publicly available.
EU-Brazil Relations at the World Trade Organization: Dispute Settlement as Leverage

This paper addresses how Brazil’s use of the WTO dispute settlement vis-a-vis the EU has an impact on trade relations between both parties. After describing their economic relationship, it is demonstrated that Brazil and the EU are not only successful and avid users of the dispute settlement system, but are also striving to strengthen its judicialization. Together with indirect economic advantages and agenda-setting capacities, the judicialization of the WTO dispute settlement system can be considered factors by which Brazil relatively strengthened its position vis-a-vis the EU. However, the final section of the paper demonstrates how tensions within Mercosur, the rise of mega-regionalism and the prioritization of the EU’s negotiation capacity towards the U.S. and Japan, undermine Brazil’s position in trade relations with the EU.
Hi3D: Pursuing High-Resolution Image-to-3D Generation with Video Diffusion Models

Despite having tremendous progress in image-to-3D generation, existing methods still struggle to produce multi-view consistent images with high-resolution textures in detail, especially in the paradigm of 2D diffusion that lacks 3D awareness. In this work, we present High-resolution Image-to-3D model (Hi3D), a new video diffusion based paradigm that redefines a single image to multi-view images as 3D-aware sequential image generation (i.e., orbital video generation). This methodology delves into the underlying temporal consistency knowledge in video diffusion model that generalizes well to geometry consistency across multiple views in 3D generation. Technically, Hi3D first empowers the pre-trained video diffusion model with 3D-aware prior (camera pose condition), yielding multi-view images with low-resolution texture details. A 3D-aware video-to-video refiner is learnt to further scale up the multi-view images with high-resolution texture details. Such high-resolution multi-view images are further augmented with novel views through 3D Gaussian Splatting, which are finally leveraged to obtain high-fidelity meshes via 3D reconstruction. Extensive experiments on both novel view synthesis and single view reconstruction demonstrate that our Hi3D manages to produce superior multi-view consistency images with highly-detailed textures. Source code and data are available at \url{https://github.com/yanghb22-fdu/Hi3D-Official}.
Interpretable Data Science Methods for Knowledge Discovery from Ovarian Cancer Data

Tesis Doctoral leída en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos de Madrid en 2021. Directores de la Tesis: Sergio Muñoz Romero y José Luis Rojo Álvarez