ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Carbonate-hosted “Alpine-type” Zn-Pb deposits in the Eastern and Southern Alps – trace element geochemistry and isotopic data of sulphides

More than 500 occurrences of carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn ores are documented in the Eastern and Southern Alps. They are invariably hosted by shallow lagoonal and reef carbonates of Middle and more frequently Upper Triassic (Anisian and Carnian) age and are collectively termed “Alpine-type” deposits. The local palaeogeography and synsedimentary structures influenced ore mineralization. Although they occur in a wide region, they share common features such as a simple mineralogical composition, complex ore textures, light sulphur isotopic compositions, Late Palaeozoic Pb model ages, and similar trace element compositions in sphalerite, galena and pyrite. Sphalerite records a low-temperature (60-140°C) precipitation. It is low in Fe, Mn, Co, Ag and In, but commonly contains elevated Cd, Ge, As, Tl and Pb. Galena is Ag-poor, although both sphalerite and galena tend to higher Ag concentrations towards the northern Districts. Minor Fe sulphides are low in Co and Ni but carry considerable As and Tl. Rb-Sr dating of sphalerite from the type locality Bleiberg reveals an age of ≈229 Ma for ores of the Raibl Group, and ages of ≈207 and ≈201 Ma for trace element-rich breccia ore in the western part of the Bleiberg deposit. The older age corresponds to U-Pb ages obtained on calcite associated with the Pb-Zn mineralization at the Gorno deposit (Southalpine). The younger age suggests fluid flow within the carbonate sequence in an extensional tectonic regime due to fracturing of the carbonate platform during initial rifting of the Penninic Ocean.
Effect of workplace organizational culture on occupational health and safety with the mediating role of job satisfaction

Introduction: Occupational health and safety issues have consistently been of particular importance in workplaces. Creating healthy and safe workplaces not only preserves employee wellbeing, but also enhances their productivity and job satisfaction. In this regard, organizational culture serves as  a significant influence on employee behavior and enhancement of working conditions. This study investigated the effect of organizational culture in the workplace on occupational health and safety of employees in the healthcare network of Yazd City and analyzes the mediating role of job satisfaction in this regard. Materials and Methods: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method, and structural equation analysis was used to examine the relationships among variables. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire with verified validity and reliability, and the data analysis was performed using SMART-PLS software. Results: The results of the study indicated that the organizational culture of the workplace positively and significantly impacts employees’ occupational health and safety, while job satisfaction as a mediator enhances the connection between organizational culture and occupational safety. The path coefficient between organizational culture at the workplace to occupational safety stood 0.534, with a t statistic of 7.283, indicating the favorable effect of this variable on the occupational safety of employees. Conclusion: The results of the study show the significant effect of organizational culture on the job satisfaction of employees and the effect of job satisfaction on improving the occupational safety situation. This study generally emphasizes that improving organizational culture and paying attention to the job satisfaction of employees can create significant improvements in occupational health and safety.
The Impact of Government Efficiency on Entrepreneurship Development: The Mediating Role of Transparency, Accountability and Corruption Control

This study investigates the impact of government efficiency on entrepreneurship development, with a particular focus on the mediating roles of transparency, accountability, and corruption control in Afghanistan. The primary objective is to elucidate how government efficiency can enhance entrepreneurial opportunities while simultaneously introducing unintended bureaucratic challenges that affect the overall entrepreneurial landscape. Utilizing a quantitative approach, this research analyzes secondary data, encompassing key indicators related to government efficiency, corruption control, transparency, accountability, and entrepreneurship. The findings indicate that while improved government efficiency positively influences entrepreneurial opportunities, it also brings forth bureaucratic complexities that can hinder the entrepreneurial environment, particularly for women entrepreneurs. This research underscores the necessity for effective governance that not only mitigates corruption but also simplifies regulatory frameworks for all entrepreneurs. By emphasizing mechanisms of transparency and accountability, policymakers can foster a supportive environment for entrepreneurship. Ultimately, this study aims to contribute to a more inclusive entrepreneurial ecosystem that promotes sustainable economic growth in Afghanistan, focusing on the broader conditions that encourage innovation and growth rather than imposing stringent regulations.
Conserving Biodiversity in the Western Antarctic Peninsula Region: Marine Protected Area Design and Policy Implications

Well-designed marine protected areas (MPAs) help preserve biodiversity and contribute to the management of sustainable fisheries. MPAs may be particularly important in environments where sea-ice loss is rapidly increasing areas available to fisheries. The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) has recognized that establishing MPAs could help achieve its conservation and fisheries management goals. The CCAMLR has agreed on objectives to be met by future MPAs. Two of these objectives relate to preserving ecosystem processes and functions. Antarctic MPA design processes to date have relied on static maps of biodiversity values and human use patterns to inform boundary selection. Such processes assume spatial stability of the ecosystem functions and processes that created observed patterns of distribution and abundance. This work seeks to supplement the CCAMLR MPA planning process by using dynamic food web modeling to inform MPA boundary selection. Ecopath with Ecosim is a multi-tiered dynamic food web modeling software package. It was used to develop a mass balanced food web model (Ecopath), time dynamic simulations of the food web (Ecosim), and spatially and temporally dynamic simulations (Ecospace) for the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) region. Ecospace simulations were used to evaluate the impact of four MPA boundary scenarios on biomass accumulation patterns. These analyses effectively evaluated if the proposed boundaries would protect ecosystem processes that contribute to biomass accumulation. The Ecopath model was designed to include all currently monitored species as single species groups to facilitate MPA planning. The Ecosim model was successfully calibrated for the years 1996-2012 using time dynamic simulations. When sea-ice temporal dynamics were included as forcing functions, the model recreated trends in abundance for key monitored species. Ecospace simulations included spatial aspects of the sea-ice regime and adequately represented spatial trends in biomass accumulation for the years 1996-2012. 100-year scenarios were developed that examined the impact of sea-ice conditions, fishing levels, and MPA boundary configurations. Scenario evaluation illustrated the importance of fishing level in influencing spatial patterns of biomass accumulation. While MPA scenario evaluation highlighted that to be effective in the WAP an MPA must be very large, be in place for an extended period, and could consider including southern regions that may have increased importance as sea-ice loss progresses. The aim of this research is to use insights gained from spatio-temporal dynamic food web modeling to contribute to the discussion on which areas to prioritize for protection in the Western Antarctic Peninsula region.
Public engagement by strategic science communication: an evaluation study on the impact of an interactive science exhibition on the German energy transition

IntroductionScience exhibitions are a promising instrument to uniquely encourage public engagement with scientific issues. However, knowledge about the actual effectiveness of science communication activities is mostly lacking. Therefore, this study examined the impact of a science exhibition on the German energy transition on visitors’ cognitive, affective, and behavioral public engagement. Additionally, we extend knowledge on the role of gamification by examining whether an integrated game can further enhance engagement, either directly or indirectly, through positive exhibition experiences.MethodsWe used a pretest-posttest survey (N = 767 visitors at seven museum locations) to evaluate the impact of the science exhibition and the game.ResultsThe results show that the exhibition had a positive effect on cognitive and partly affective as well as behavioral engagement. For gamification, we found no positive direct effects of using the game. However, analyses revealed indirect effects on cognition and affect mediated by positive exhibition experiences.DiscussionThe findings of our study demonstrate the potential of science exhibitions as valuable tools for promoting public engagement with complex issues. Moreover, they show that future research is needed to explore how exhibitions and gamification elements can foster behavioral engagement effectively.
Advancing Sustainable 3D Printing: The Feasibility of Recycled Glass as a Building Material With Additive Manufacturing

This study investigates the feasibility of 3D printing with recycled glasses, focusing on comparing viscosity characteristics and extrusion behaviors of studio soda-lime glass, recycled soda-lime container glass, and recycled float produced window glass. Employing multiple methodologies, we analyzed the temperature-viscosity curves of these glass types, providing an understanding of their thermal properties in relation to 3D printing process and applications. We employed infrared (IR) thermography to calibrate the glass printer and gain insights into the characteristics of each glass type during extrusion, contributing to a deeper understanding of their printing behavior. We discuss the potential applications of this work in various fields, such as recycled glass architecture and mass product customization. This study contextualizes the use of different glass sources for 3D printing and discusses some of the manufacturing challenges of utilizing post-consumer recycled glass. Our findings open new avenues for customized fabrication with recycled materials, paving the way for innovative and sustainable practices with a larger library of materials for 3D printing technology.
Joint Competence of the European Community and its Member States and the Dispute Settlement Practice of the World Trade Organization

One of the principal achievements of the 1994 Agreement establishing the World Trade Organization was the new mechanism for dispute settlement, embodied in the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes. While its predecessor, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade of 1947 (and the 1979 Agreements resulting from the Tokyo Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations) had already evolved, to a considerable degree, from a negotiating forum for the conduct of world trade diplomacy to a “judicial” system properly so called, the WTO Dispute Settlement Understanding nevertheless marked a decisive step forward.
Deep Learning: A Tool for Computational Nuclear Physics

In recent years, several successful applications of the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have emerged in nuclear physics and high-energy physics, as well as in biology, chemistry, meteorology, and other fields of science. A major goal of nuclear theory is to predict nuclear structure and nuclear reactions from the underlying theory of the strong interactions, Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). With access to powerful High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, several ab initio approaches, such as the No-Core Shell Model (NCSM), have been developed to calculate the properties of atomic nuclei. However, to accurately solve for the properties of atomic nuclei, one faces immense theoretical and computational challenges. The present study proposes a feed-forward ANN method for predicting the properties of atomic nuclei like ground state energy and ground state point proton root-mean-square (rms) radius based on NCSM results in computationally accessible basis spaces. The designed ANNs are sufficient to produce results for these two very different observables in 6Li from the ab initio NCSM results in small basis spaces that satisfy the theoretical physics condition: independence of basis space parameters in the limit of extremely large matrices. We also provide comparisons of the results from ANNs with established methods of estimating the results in the infinite matrix limit.
Health Information Exchange: Understanding the Policy Landscape and Future of Data Interoperability

Objectives: To review recent literature on health information exchange (HIE), focusing on the policy approach of five case study nations: the United States of America, the United Kingdom, Germany, Israel, and Portugal, as well as synthesize lessons learned across countries and provide recommendations for future research.             Methods: A narrative review of each nation’s HIE policy frameworks, current state, and future HIE strategy.             Results: Key themes that emerged include the importance of both central decision-making as well as local innovation, the multiple and complex challenges of broad HIE adoption, and the varying role of HIE across different national health system structures.             Conclusion: HIE is an increasingly important capability and policy priority as electronic health record (EHR) adoption becomes more common and care delivery is increasingly digitized. While all five case study nations have adopted some level of HIE, there are significant differences across their level of data sharing infrastructure and maturity, and each nation took a different policy approach. While identifying generalizable strategies across disparate international systems is challenging, there are several common themes across successful HIE policy frameworks, such as the importance of central government prioritization of data sharing. Finally, we make several recommendations for future research to expand the breadth and depth of the literature on HIE and guide future decision-making by policymakers and practitioners.
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemistry of positive Insertion materials for rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Lithium copper oxides LixCu2O4 (x = 2,3,4) have been synthesised for lithium battery application using solid state and solution reactions under various conditions. Li2CuO2 (Immm) has been prepared in air at 800oC for 10-15 h from a stoichiometric mixture of copper oxide and lithium hydroxide. Synthesis using high pressure oxygen (250 bar, 4 h, 700oC) and hydrothermal (1.5 kbar, 10 h, 600oC) was used for the formation of mixed-valence cuprate Li3Cu2O4 (C2/m) and the isostructural Li2NaCu2 O4 (250 bar in O2, 4 h, 700oC) from simple oxides. The latter has been characterised using powder neutron diffraction and crystallises in the space group C2/m (a = 10.2733(2), b = 2.80324 (3), c = 7.58532(9) A and β = 119.6903 (8)o). The lithium ions occupy the tetrahedral positions whereas the sodium ions are found to be exclusively in octahedral environment. LiCuO2 can not be obtained directly; it was synthesised by chemical lithium extraction of the lithium rich oxide, Li3Cu3O4 using Br2 in CH3CN. The latter, was found to crystallise in the space group C2/m. The structures of all the lithium copper oxides prepared are composed of one dimensional infinite chains of edge-sharing CuO4 square planes coordinated to lithium in tetrahedral (Li2CuO2, Li3Cu2O4) and octahedral (LiCuO2, Li3Cu2O4) positions.Electrochemical testing was carried out in a two-electrode cell using composite electrodes containing the oxide materials, carbon black to enhance the electronic conductivity and polytetrafluoroethylene as Teflon® binder. Lithium foil has been used as reference and counter electrode and 1 M LiPF6 in EC-DMC as the electrolyte. The slow galvanostatic charging of Li2CuO2 until 4.5 V yields charge specific capacity of 320 mAhg-1 (theoretical capacity of 490 mAhg-1) at a cycling rate of 11 mAg-1 which is followed by a large specific discharge capacity of 250 mAhg-1 (0.8 Li+) distributed mostly between 2 and 3 V. Application as additive material with a positive electrode LiMn2O4 was found to be successful as it compensates the initial loss of specific charge capacity due to the formation of the passivation on the negative electrode. The slow galvanostatic cycling of Li3Cu2O4 (theoretical capacity of 380 mAhg-1) between 1.6 and 4.5 V yields a charge density of 160 mAhg-1 (0.6 Li+) at a cycling rate of 10 mAhg-1. The results for Li2NaCu2O4 indicates the presence of sodium that may disrupt the lithium ion pathway. LiCuO2 (theoretical capacity of 263 mAhg-1) provides between 1 and 4.3 V a specific capacity of 500 mAhg-1 with an average voltage of 2.5 V. This discharge is thought to involve the formation of Cu1 or CuII in this material.
Chapter 9 Metagenomic Analysis Pipelines for Microbiome Studies: QIIME and mothur

This cutting-edge reference book compiles standard operating procedures, protocols, and applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS). It discusses genomic testing applications through NGS. It pays special focus on the protocols for cataloguing variants of uncertain significance. Over the years, NGS and advanced bioinformatics approaches have allowed the transition of genomic assays into translational practices. The book covers visualisation of NGS datasets, investigation of early development impairment, and metagenome protocols. It also discusses the challenges in NGS methods. Key Points: Includes case studies of application of NGS in different taxa like humans, rodents, plants, and bacteria Compiles protocols from various reputed companies like Illumina, PacBio, and ThermoFisher Discusses the translational applications of NGS methods Reviews machine learning heuristics for NGS data interpretation Discusses emerging genomic assay technologies and characterising mechanisms of disease prevalence The book is meant for researchers and industry experts in genomics, computational biology, and bioinformatics. Chapter 7 and 9 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF at ""http://www.taylorfrancis.com"" "http://www.taylorfrancis.com under a Creative Commons [Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND)] 4.0 license.
A Comparative Study on Annotation Quality of Crowdsourcing and LLm Via Label Aggregation

Whether Large Language Models (LLMs) can outperform crowdsourcing on the data annotation task is attracting interest recently. Some works verified this issue with the average performance of individual crowd workers and LLM workers on some specific NLP tasks by collecting new datasets. However, on the one hand, existing datasets for the studies of annotation quality in crowdsourcing are not yet utilized in such evaluations, which potentially provide reliable evaluations from a different viewpoint. On the other hand, the quality of these aggregated labels is crucial because, when utilizing crowdsourcing, the estimated labels aggregated from multiple crowd labels to the same instances are the eventually collected labels. Therefore, in this paper, we first investigate which existing crowdsourcing datasets can be used for a comparative study and create a benchmark. We then compare the quality between individual crowd labels and LLM labels and make the evaluations on the aggregated labels. In addition, we propose a Crowd-LLM hybrid label aggregation method and verify the performance. We find that adding LLM labels from good LLMs to existing crowdsourcing datasets can enhance the quality of the aggregated labels of the datasets, which is also higher than the quality of LLM labels themselves.
Editorial: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Digital Image Analysis, and the Future of Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis

On October 8 2024, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Hopfield and Hinton for their foundation research on machine learning with artificial neural networks, which resulted in the current applications for artificial intelligence (AI). Digital diagnostic histopathology combines image capture with image analysis and uses digital tools to collect, analyze, and share diagnostic information. An increase in chronic diseases, diagnostic departmental workloads, and diagnostic tests to support targeted therapy in cancer patients have driven the use and development of image analysis systems, and several medical device companies have recently developed whole-slide scanning devices. In April 2017, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted marketing authorization for the first whole slide imaging (WSI) system. During 2024, large-scale studies from several cancer centers have shown the potential for diagnostic reporting for real-world data and whole-slide modeling to develop validated diagnostic AI algorithms. This editorial discusses why recent advances and applications in AI and digital image analysis may have an important future role in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
The Impact of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) on Organizational Effectiveness

Human resource information system (HRIS) has potential benefits to improve organizational performance. The purpose of this exploratory study is thus to investigate the impact of HRIS on organizational effectiveness. The textile industry in Thailand is taken as a context of the study as it faces many challenges in this globalization era. One of the industry's dilemmas is about worker conditions and the scarcity of workforce. A questionnaire survey was conducted during December 2012-March 2013. About 354 questionnaires were mailed to the random sample drawn from the Textile Directory (2006). A total of 63 usable returned questionnaires were obtained. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. The findings reveal that the sample respondents perceived that HRIS has a positive impact on organizational effectiveness with respect to human resource processes, time savings, cost savings, information effects, decision making and strategic impact of HR role.