ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Nursing As The Cornerstone Of Medical Care: Advancing Patient Safety, Quality, And Health Outcomes

This review explores the central role of nursing in shaping the quality, safety, and outcomes of medical care. Nurses serve as frontline caregivers, coordinators, educators, and advocates, whose contributions extend beyond bedside care to system-level improvements in healthcare delivery. Drawing from evidence-based research, the article highlights how nursing interventions directly influence patient safety by reducing medical errors, improving adherence to treatment, and enhancing early detection of complications. It examines the role of nursing in quality improvement initiatives, patient-centered care, and interprofessional collaboration. The review also synthesizes findings from recent studies on the impact of nursing staffing levels, education, and professional development on health outcomes. Furthermore, the article addresses barriers such as workforce shortages, burnout, and policy gaps, while offering strategies for strengthening nursing’s role through education, technology integration, and leadership development. Ultimately, this review underscores that nursing is not only essential for patient recovery and satisfaction but also a key driver of sustainable healthcare system improvement.
Enhancing public engagement and science communication through participatory astronomy: insights from the Surabaya Astronomy Club's star party model

This practice insight examines the Surabaya Astronomy Club (SAC) and its innovative approach to science communication and public engagement in Indonesia. Through organized star parties and community outreach, SAC leverages astronomy to foster public interest and enhance scientific literacy. The club's activities are deeply influenced by Indonesia's cultural and social context, emphasizing communal participation and integrating scientific phenomena with traditional and religious practices. Despite its successes, SAC faces challenges such as limited resources and the need for more systematic evaluation. Recommendations for improvement include expanding resource acquisition, adopting robust evaluation methodologies, enhancing inclusivity, and maintaining high-quality engagement. By partnering with governmental bodies and community organizations, SAC bridges the gap between scientific knowledge and public policy, demonstrating astronomy's relevance to societal issues and fostering a more informed and engaged public.
Solar activity and heliosphere‐wide cosmic ray modulation in mid‐1982

A major episode of flare activity in June and July of 1982 was accompanied by a pair of heliosphere‐wide cosmic ray modulation events. In each case, a large Forbush decrease (FD) at earth was followed in turn by apparently related decreases at Pioneer 11 (P11) and Pioneer 10 (P10). The Pioneer spacecraft were separated by ∼155° in ecliptic longitude. We reviewed white light coronagraph and near‐sun (≤1 AU) satellite data to identify plausible solar origins of these modulation events. The first widespread intensity decrease (FD 1) can be attributed to the combined effects of a backside flare on June 3 from solar active region 18382/18383, located 23° in ecliptic longitude from Pioneer 10, and a visible disk flare from 18405 on June 6, when this region was 9° from Pioneer 11. The second widespread modulation event during this period (FD 2) may be linked to flares from active region 18474 on July 12 and 22. The July 12 flare was located 34° in azimuth from Pioneer 11, and the July 22 flare was 24° from Pioneer 10. Since even fast shocks would take ∼1 month to propagate to Pioneer 11 (12 AU) and ∼2 months to reach Pioneer 10 (28 AU) in mid‐1982, these “one‐to‐one” associations must be regarded with caution. The processes of entrainment and coalescence can cause a given traveling interplanetary disturbance to lose its identity enroute to the outer heliosphere. The fact that we were able to identify plausible solar flare candidates for each of the four Forbushlike decreases observed at the Pioneer satellites (two each at P10 and P11), however, removes the need to invoke a shock from a single flare as the sole cause of either FD 1 (at both P10 and P11) or FD 2. Such single‐flare scenarios have recently been suggested by several investigators to account for the widespread intensity decreases in mid‐1982. Instead, the heliosphere‐wide modulation during this period appears to result primarily from a sustained episode of powerful flares from a relatively narrow range of active solar longitude. A significant fraction (1/2 to 3/4) of the major coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and near‐sun shocks observed during June and July 1982 originated in flares occurring in a 45° band of Carrington longitude. Because of solar rotation these flares occur over the full range of ecliptic longitude and can generate an outward propagating shell of CMEs and shocks that encompasses the sun to produce the observed azimuthal symmetry in the cosmic ray modulation. The prolonged high‐speed wind stream at P10 in the second half of 1982 may have resulted, at least in part, from the coalescence of a series of fast transient streams directed toward that distant spacecraft into an extended compound stream.
Towards efficient application-dependent dimensional measurements with computed tomography: optimized reduction of measurement duration using continuous scan mode: experimental investigations

Abstract. Due to the complex physical and technical relationships in dimensional X-ray computed tomography measurement technology, the precise influences on the measurement result are still not fully understood. A deeper understanding of these influences is essential in order to improve the measurement accuracy and economy of computed tomographic measurement systems. In addition, this enables better numerical determination of measurement uncertainties, which is also a topic of current research. Two factors that have a significant influence on the lead times are the scan mode and the number of projections per measurement. In this article, these factors are investigated experimentally using a calibrated workpiece, and the influence of the workpiece position on the measurement result is also examined. It can be shown that the workpiece position has a considerable influence on the quality of the measurement, especially in the case of a continuous scan. The results show a vast potential for application-dependent reduction of lead times.
Sounding-rocket microgravity experiments on alumina dust

Accepted: 2018-08-20 資料番号: SA1180178000
Report on lessons learned from "Exploring new modalities for collaboration alignment" Feeding the AU-EU long-term partnership in research and innovation on food and nutrition security and sustainable agriculture (FNSSA)

Research and innovation (R&I) feature high in both the African Union’s and the European Union’s agenda. While the African Union “Science, Technology and Innovation Strategy for Africa 2024” (STISA-2024) places science, technology and innovation at the epicentre of Africa’s socio-economic development and growth, European investments in R&I are seen as a means to help Europe to compete globally and improve the daily lives of people.Under the AU-EU partnership, both continents have also confirmed their commitment to strengthen R&I collaboration and partnership to address common or complementary society challenges. The EU’s main tool to support such collaborative efforts is the Horizon Europe Framework programme which will run over the period 2021-2027. This programme, which builds on the previous R&I framework programmes, also integrates new instruments such as “missions” and “European partnerships” which aim at finding new R&I research funding instruments and innovative ways of collaboration involving all stakeholders (from consumers to industry) as partners. In this context, it will be important to understand how new joint research and innovation (R&I) mechanisms can support research and development activities.Through an online survey, African and European partners were invited to share their experience with LEAPAgri and the lessons learned in order to develop suggestions for a strategy that would promote the partnership forward by evaluating and identifying mechanisms to sustain collaboration and innovation in the FNSSA field. All 24 partners of the LEAP-Agri consortium were asked to share their opinion which is highly valuable since,apart from being partners in the project, most of them also represent national agencies or funding bodies with solid experience in financing FNSSA's R&I activities. The participants shared their own experience in the field, either through LEAP-Agri or other similar co-funded projects such as ERAFRICA. On this basis, they provided inputs regarding the important aspects of collaboration mechanism and ideas on alternative instruments capable of taking the FNSSA R&I partnership to the next level.
Electrochemistry of a Novel Silver Molybdenum Oxyfluoride Perovskite as Cathode Material for Lithium Batteries

Abstract not Available.
SOA-based All-optical Photonic Integrated Deep Neural Network with Stable Output Noise

We experimentally emulate the OSNR evolution of the SOA-based integrated all-optical neuron with 7-channel WDM input to single output conversion, resulting in a stable output error
Enhancing Personalized Product Service System Design Scheme Recommendation Through                     <scp>HIN</scp>                     ‐Based Collaborate Filtering Considering Multiple Search Paths

ABSTRACT                   Many manufacturers have shifted from standalone products to Product‐Service Systems (PSS) to leverage flexible product‐service combinations and increase profit margins. However, the vast range of existing PSS design schemes makes it challenging to pinpoint personalized matches for diverse users. To address this issue, this study refines collaborative filtering (CF)‐based recommendation algorithms from a network perspective. Traditional CF relies solely on single‐layer user‐scheme relationships, reducing personalization. In contrast, we introduce a heterogeneous information network (HIN) to incorporate user‐user and scheme‐scheme similarity networks alongside user‐scheme relations. We then integrate HeteSim values from multiple search paths to more accurately compute user‐scheme preference relationships. In addition, four types of the core direct and indirect preference propagation paths between users and schemes are defined, and a parameter is introduced to penalize long paths, achieving a balance between computational efficiency and information loss. Considering the multi‐attribute nature of PSS design schemes, we combine subjective and objective weighting methods to adjust users' overall ratings, thereby capturing the multi‐dimensional attribute features of the schemes and improving the accuracy of recommendations. To validate its effectiveness, we applied our algorithm to new energy commercial van PSS (NEV‐PSS) recommendations, demonstrating superior personalized performance. The algorithm reveals implicit relationships between users and schemes, aiding suppliers in targeted marketing and informed decision‐making. It also helps predict user responses and market trends for new products, supporting technology development and regulatory policy recommendations.
LEGALITY OF UNILATERAL EXPLOITATION OF SPACE RESOURCES UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a surge of private investment in space resources and the enactment of domestic legislation aimed at protecting property rights over the resources to be extracted. This article argues that the unilateral exploitation of space resources is not prohibited by the principle of non-appropriation and is consistent with the freedom of use for common benefit and interests, with the caveat that it does not exclude others from exploitation or exacerbate inequality among States. It also argues that a laissez-faire approach would be detrimental to the orderly, sustainable and safe exploitation and use of space resources and calls for the establishment of an international regulatory regime consisting of rules concerning international coordination, benefits sharing and environmental protection.
Quality Measure Considerations for Pediatric Palliative and End-of-Life Care

There is an emerging need to provide high-quality pediatric palliative care and end-of-life care to children, adolescents, and young adults with life-limiting illnesses. Currently, there are no standardized quality measures supporting pediatric palliative care and end-of-life care patient outcomes. The aim of this literature review was to explore current quality measures utilized in pediatric palliative care and end-of-life care among pediatric patients with life-limiting illnesses within the conceptual framework of Comfort Theory. A comprehensive review of relevant articles resulted in 15 articles that met criteria and were evaluated. Included studies focused on pediatric patients with life-limiting illnesses receiving palliative care or end-of-life care. Articles related to children with acute illness, trauma, or accidental death were excluded. Emergent themes among quality measures were categorized into 7 domains: (a) Alleviation of distressing symptoms, (b) Structures and processes of care, (c) Health care utilization, (d) Location of death and bereavement care, (e) Patient and family experiences, (f) Psychological and spiritual care, and (g) Cultural, ethical, and legal considerations. These domains support the physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, and environmental contexts of Comfort Theory. Quality measure research, development, and standardization should focus within the 7 domains identified for the promotion of comfort, equity, and accessible care.
Locating Youth Exposed to Parental Justice Involvement in the Electronic Health Record: Development of a Natural Language Processing Model (Preprint)

BACKGROUND                         Parental justice involvement (eg, prison, jail, parole, or probation) is an unfortunately common and disruptive household adversity for many US youths, disproportionately affecting families of color and rural families. Data on this adversity has not been captured routinely in pediatric health care settings, and if it is, it is not discrete nor able to be readily analyzed for purposes of research.                                                                       OBJECTIVE                         In this study, we outline our process training a state-of-the-art natural language processing model using unstructured clinician notes of one large pediatric health system to identify patients who have experienced a justice-involved parent.                                                                       METHODS                         Using the electronic health record database of a large Midwestern pediatric hospital-based institution from 2011-2019, we located clinician notes (of any type and written by any type of provider) that were likely to contain such evidence of family justice involvement via a justice-keyword search (eg, prison and jail). To train and validate the model, we used a labeled data set of 7500 clinician notes identifying whether the patient was ever exposed to parental justice involvement. We calculated the precision and recall of the model and compared those rates to the keyword search.                                                                       RESULTS                         The development of the machine learning model increased the precision (positive predictive value) of locating children affected by parental justice involvement in the electronic health record from 61% (a simple keyword search) to 92%.                                                                       CONCLUSIONS                         The use of machine learning may be a feasible approach to addressing the gaps in our understanding of the health and health services of underrepresented youth who encounter childhood adversities not routinely captured—particularly for children of justice-involved parents.
A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background Angular Power Spectrum with DASI

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) has long been recognized as an astounding source of information about the early Universe. In this thesis we describe the design, implementation, and first-year results of the Degree Angular Scale Interferometer (DASI), a compact interferometer designed to measure the angular power spectrum of the CMB. We discuss details of the optics, receivers, and power spectrum analysis, including the use of constraint matrices to project out contaminants and test for correlations with diffuse foreground templates.  We present a measurement of the CMB angular power spectrum in the multipole range l ≈ 100- 900 in nine bands. The measured fluctuations have a temperature spectral index of β = -0.1 ± 0.2 (1σ) consistent with CMB. We find no evidence of foregrounds other than point sources in the data. We detect a first peak in the power spectrum at l ~ 200, a second peak in the power spectrum at l ~ 550, and a rise in the power spectrum at l ~ 800 which is indicative of a third, consistent with inflationary theories.   Using the DASI measurement along with COBE DMR data, and adopting conservative priors on the Hubble parameter h > 0.45 and an optical depth due to reionization 0.0 ≤ τ_c  ≤ 0.4, we constrain the total density of the Universe Ω_(tot) = 1.04 ± 0.06, the spectral index of the primordial density fluctuations n_s = 1.01^(+0.08)_(-0.06), and the physical baryon density Ω_bh^2 = 0.022^(+0.004)_(-0.003) among others (all 68% confidence limits). These constraints are consistent with inflation and estimates of Ω_bh^2 from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. With prior h = 0.72 ± 0.08, we constrain the matter density Ω_m = 0.40 ± 0.15, and the vacuum energy density Ω_Λ = 0.60 ± 0.15, indicating from CMB data the presence of dark matter and dark energy in the Universe.
Constraints on the heliospheric magnetic field variation during the  Maunder Minimum from cosmic ray modulation modelling

Using a dynamic multifluid model of the global heliosphere (Bonn model) we found, that the variation of the heliospheric interface and the corresponding cosmic ray modulation can not be made responsible for the increase of the mean cosmic ray flux during the Maunder Minimum. This is because the diffusion coefficients of cosmic rays required to simulate their flux increase need an "intrinsic" time variation, i.e. one that can be attributed to the solar or heliospheric magnetic field, thus, to the solar dynamo. Our study of the diffusion coefficients constrains the decrease in the strength of the solar magnetic field during the Maunder Minimum to about a factor of 4.
Safeguarding Animal Welfare: Understanding Laws and Animal Rights in Islam

Cruelty towards animals is not a new issue in our society. However, the persistence of this cruelty, despite our identity as a Muslim society, shows our failure to adhere to the teachings of Islam regarding animal welfare. Although there are legal frameworks and mechanisms in place to prevent the mistreatment and cruelty with animals, they are outdated and ambiguous in its scope. This research highlights the major issue of mistreatment and cruelty with stray animals in Pakistan and critically examines the existing legal framework designed to protect animals. Through the use of a qualitative approach, this study integrates Islamic teachings with the current legal framework in order to provide comprehensive insights into the animal welfare. This research concludes that the existing legal mechanisms are insufficient and unable to cover all animals and it need to be updated to address our contemporary societal issues. It must be aligned with the injunction of Islam as laid down by the Holy Qur’an and Sunnah.
Dancing with the sources: the fascinating story of the relative importance of custom and treaties at different times in the evolution of international investment law

Introduction   After examining the basic features of the concept of custom in Chapter 1, the present chapter looks at the relative importance of different sources of international law in the evolution of the field of international investment law. This is a fascinating story in which the main sources relevant in this field (custom and treaties) have each played important roles in different eras. The story is best told by examining the development of two principles that are now generally considered to be rules of customary international law in investor-State arbitration.  I will first examine the origin and the development of the concept of the ‘minimum standard of treatment’ (MST) and the emergence of a general prohibition against expropriation without compensation (Section 2.1). This analysis will be followed by a look into the developments that occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, which were characterized by serious and continuing challenges to the very existence of these two rules by a large segment of States, including those which emerged from colonialism (Section 2.2). These events marked a defining moment in the history of investment law. Until then, custom had been the prevalent source of international law obligations for States. Yet, as this chapter shows, this predominance will prove to rest on fragile grounds. At different phases in the evolution of international investment law, non-Western States have rejected to be bound by any MST and contested to have to provide compensation for unlawful expropriation. As a result, the foundations of these two rules as the basic sets of legal investment protection for investors doing business abroad have been severely weakened.  It is in this context of uncertainties that Western States have increasingly adopted a bilateral approach to secure legal protection with capital-importing States on an  ad hoc  basis. Section 2.3 explains that by the early 1990s everything had changed. Developing States dramatically changed their historical position regarding basic legal protections for foreign investors and started to sign BITs  en masse  with (mostly) Western States. In light of the present-day proliferation of BITs (a phenomenon referred to as ‘treatification’), one might naturally question what remains of the historical importance of custom? In other words, while existing legal rules in the field of investment arbitration are overwhelmingly found in bilateral and multilateral investment treaties, should custom still be considered relevant today?
The human right to education and people with disabilities in Brazil: an analysis of the Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB) Accessibility and Inclusion Policy

O artigo discute o direito humano à educação das pessoas com deficiência no Brasil com ênfase no acesso ao ensino superior e nas políticas públicas de inclusão e acessibilidade correlatas. Para tanto, tece uma análise acerca do cenário da Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), baseando-se em trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação em Direito voltado a analisar a Política de Acessibilidade e Inclusão da instituição à luz das teorias e paradigmas críticos e interdisciplinares no âmbito dos direitos humanos. Metodologicamente, apoia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e empírica, envolvendo estudo de normativas, diálogo com a literatura especializada e a escuta de atores da política, como gestão universitária e estudantes. Como resultados, a pesquisa evidenciou a existência de um conjunto robusto de normativas garantistas do direito humano à educação, internacionais e nacionais, ao lado de mecanismos indutores de políticas públicas. Por outro lado, também identificou fragilidades no que se refere à efetividade e à implementação de práticas e políticas inclusivas na realidade universitária pesquisada.
FaaSNet: Scalable and Fast Provisioning of Custom Serverless Container Runtimes at Alibaba Cloud Function Compute

This is the preprint version of a paper published in USENIX ATC 2021