ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Pediatric Pancreas Segmentation from MRI Scans with Deep Learning

Objective: Our study aimed to evaluate and validate PanSegNet, a deep learning (DL) algorithm for pediatric pancreas segmentation on MRI in children with acute pancreatitis (AP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and healthy controls. Methods: With IRB approval, we retrospectively collected 84 MRI scans (1.5T/3T Siemens Aera/Verio) from children aged 2-19 years at Gazi University (2015-2024). The dataset includes healthy children as well as patients diagnosed with AP or CP based on clinical criteria. Pediatric and general radiologists manually segmented the pancreas, then confirmed by a senior pediatric radiologist. PanSegNet-generated segmentations were assessed using Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and 95th percentile Hausdorff distance (HD95). Cohen's kappa measured observer agreement. Results: Pancreas MRI T2W scans were obtained from 42 children with AP/CP (mean age: 11.73 +/- 3.9 years) and 42 healthy children (mean age: 11.19 +/- 4.88 years). PanSegNet achieved DSC scores of 88% (controls), 81% (AP), and 80% (CP), with HD95 values of 3.98 mm (controls), 9.85 mm (AP), and 15.67 mm (CP). Inter-observer kappa was 0.86 (controls), 0.82 (pancreatitis), and intra-observer agreement reached 0.88 and 0.81. Strong agreement was observed between automated and manual volumes (R^2 = 0.85 in controls, 0.77 in diseased), demonstrating clinical reliability. Conclusion: PanSegNet represents the first validated deep learning solution for pancreatic MRI segmentation, achieving expert-level performance across healthy and diseased states. This tool, algorithm, along with our annotated dataset, are freely available on GitHub and OSF, advancing accessible, radiation-free pediatric pancreatic imaging and fostering collaborative research in this underserved domain.
Corporate Dispute Resolution Strategies to Make Mediation and Arbitration Better Alternatives

This article is centered on the desirability of instilling a particular culture in corporate decision making on responsible and effective dispute resolution methods.
Los testigos annnimos en la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos y en la de los Tribunales Penales Internacionales Ad-Hoc (The Ad-Hoc Anonymous Witnesses in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights and in the International Criminal Tribunals)

En el presente articulo se analiza si el derecho de proteccion de las victimas y testigos, a traves de la no divulgacion de su identidad cuando presta testimonio en el proceso penal internacional, es compatible con el derecho del acusado al contrainterrogatorio, considerado parte esencial de un juicio justo. Partiendo de la conviccion que las decisiones de los Tribunales Penales Internacionales deben ajustarse a los estandares del debido proceso reconocidos internacionalmente, en primer lugar, se analizan las Sentencias del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos en las que se han establecido los criterios, principios o requisitos que deben estar presentes en los procesos penales nacionales para que el testimonio anonimo no viole el derecho del acusado al contrainterrogatorio. En segundo lugar, a partir de la "Decision Tadic", se analiza como los Tribunales Internacionales ad hoc han aplicado el mandato de proteccion de victimas y testigos a traves de su anonimato, teniendo en cuenta el derecho del acusado a un juicio justo. In this article, it is analyzed if the protection’s right of the victims and witnesses, not being necessary to disclose its identity when they testify in international criminal trial, it is compatible with the accused right to the cross-examination, considered essential part of a fair trial. Starting from the conviction, that the decisions of the International Criminal Courts must adjust to the standards of the proper process, which are recognized internationally, first, are analyzed Sentences of the European Court of Human Rights in which the criteria have been established, principles or requirements that must be present in the national criminal trials, so that the anonymous testimony doesn’t violate the defendant’s right to the cross-examination. Secondly, from the "Tadic Decision", it’s analyzed how ad-hoc International Courts have applied the protection mandate of victims and witnesses through its anonymity, considering the right of the defendant to a fair trial.
Prompt as Score: Compositional Literacy in Human-AI Music Generation

The emergence of generative AI music systems has produced two distinct classes of output: work of genuine compositional depth and what the broader culture has correctly identified as "slop" &mdash; undifferentiated, unintentional, aesthetically null output that resembles music without being music. This paper argues that the distinguishing variable is not the model, the hardware, or the training data. It is compositional literacy in the human directing the system. We introduce the concept of prompt-as-score &mdash; the proposition that a generative music prompt, when written by a practitioner with deep musical, psychological, and cultural knowledge, functions as a full compositional score that the AI reads and performs. We document this through analysis of a single generative music session producing an extended devotional work, Om Namah Shivaya, demonstrating that every element of the prompt encodes deliberate professional decisions across music theory, psychoacoustics, ceremonial structure, hypnotherapy, and Shaivite devotional tradition. We further argue that the slop problem is a literacy problem, not a model problem &mdash; and that the response to slop is not suppression but documentation, attribution, cryptographic provenance, and education. We describe the Silicon Square, a deployed human-AI co-creation environment in which this work was produced, and derive from it a two-tier ethics architecture applicable to generative music platforms at scale. All work produced in this framework is named, credited, and hashed to the Bitcoin blockchain. A note on the mantra arrangement: The Sanskrit texts used throughout &mdash; Om Namah Shivaaya, Shambo Shankara, Arunaachala Shiva, Shambo Sadaa Shiva &mdash; are ancient Shaivite devotional mantras and are in the public domain. The specific sequencing and structural arrangement of Verse 2, however, closely mirrors the kirtan medley popularized by Krishna Das, particularly as performed in his Live Ananda recordings. This is not incidental. Krishna Das's arrangements of these chants have shaped how an entire generation of Western practitioners encounters this devotional tradition. The prompt draws from that lineage consciously. Credit is due and given here: krishnadas.com. Craig Ellenwood also recognises the work of the late musician and DJ Cheb I Sabbah. Cheb was a man of few words, but when he spoke it was with wisdom. He spoke through his music, which was ancient fused with contemporary electronic. Ellenwood remembers: "Cheb and I played many gigs together, he taught me about culture, universal truth beyond our differences, and most of all he taught me about the power of music. He's missed" Lastly, the authors would like to recognize the Alan Watts spoken sample regarding what constitutes "love". It is the only thing added in post-production. It found a home between the chants and always belonged there, in his voice, not a models.
The role of international human rights law in the protection of online privacy in the age of surveillance

The article discusses the uncertainty surrounding the interpretation and application of the right to privacy norms under Article 17 of the International Covenant of Civil and Political Rights 1966 in the context of State sponsored cyber surveillance. The paper supports the updating of General Comment No. 16 to Article 17. To that end, it focuses on two fundamental aspects of this process, namely the development of more detailed understanding of what is meant by the right to privacy in the 21st century and the challenge posed by foreign cyber surveillance to the principle of extraterritorial application of human rights.
Dalorex: A Data-Local Program Execution and Architecture for Memory-bound Applications

Applications with low data reuse and frequent irregular memory accesses, such as graph or sparse linear algebra workloads, fail to scale well due to memory bottlenecks and poor core utilization. While prior work with prefetching, decoupling, or pipelining can mitigate memory latency and improve core utilization, memory bottlenecks persist due to limited off-chip bandwidth. Approaches doing processing in-memory (PIM) with Hybrid Memory Cube (HMC) overcome bandwidth limitations but fail to achieve high core utilization due to poor task scheduling and synchronization overheads. Moreover, the high memory-per-core ratio available with HMC limits strong scaling.   We introduce Dalorex, a hardware-software co-design that achieves high parallelism and energy efficiency, demonstrating strong scaling with >16,000 cores when processing graph and sparse linear algebra workloads. Over the prior work in PIM, both using 256 cores, Dalorex improves performance and energy consumption by two orders of magnitude through (1) a tile-based distributed-memory architecture where each processing tile holds an equal amount of data, and all memory operations are local; (2) a task-based parallel programming model where tasks are executed by the processing unit that is co-located with the target data; (3) a network design optimized for irregular traffic, where all communication is one-way, and messages do not contain routing metadata; (4) novel traffic-aware task scheduling hardware that maintains high core utilization; and (5) a data placement strategy that improves work balance.   This work proposes architectural and software innovations to provide the greatest scalability to date for running graph algorithms while still being programmable for other domains.
Russia and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court

The present article provides the analysis of the reasons why Russia has changed its position towards the International Criminal Court. The article covers the intermediate results of ICC’s work, including some legal difficulties appeared throughout the proceedings, especially when a state, which is not a party to a Rome statute, can be subject of the Court’s investigation. The present article includes the analysis of report of Prosecutor’s Office, published November 2016, concerning the situation in Ukraine and the Crimea’s referendum. The author considers the legal consequences of the decision of Russian Federation not to be a state-party to the Rome statute of ICC.
Review of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: Strengthening the Court’s Jurisdiction for the Crime of Aggression

Abstract As part of a global initiative, the German Foreign office organized together with Poland and Estonia a regional conference in Seoul focusing on the icc’s restrictive jurisdiction over the crime of aggression. Experts from Asia, Europe, and the U.S. discussed the urgent need to align icc jurisdiction for aggression with that for genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes. The current framework, with complex rules and opt-out provisions, weakens the icc’s deterrent effect. Proposals for reform included eliminating the opt-out clause and streamlining state referrals to enhance accountability and legal clarity. The conference also addressed broader issues, such as the historical importance of combating impunity in Asia, the current role of the icc in the region, and the underrepresentation of Asian member states in the icc system. With the 2025 Kampala Amendments review in New York approaching, the conference framed these reforms as a critical opportunity to reinforce the icc’s role in upholding international law amidst growing geopolitical instability.
Stakeholder engagement in disaster management

This paper deals with participatory design and stakeholder engagement in Disaster Management (DM) and was conducted as part of the EU-funded project PANTHEON. The PANTHEON project aspires to build improved community disaster resilience by developing a community-based, digital platform for DM using Smart City Digital Twin (SCDT) technology. In this paper, we describe the participatory design process that was carried out as part of the project in order to develop design criteria for PANTHEON together with stakeholders (civil protection, military, firefighters, police, emergency medical services, etc.) and potential end users. We also discuss strengths and limitations of such an approach and ultimately argue that participatory design is crucial for bridging the gap between the needs of potential end-users and technology developers. For a participatory design process to succeed, it is indispensable to gather information not only about potential users and stakeholders but also about the specific context in which they are operating, in order to better understand their needs. The combination of a solid methodology, an appropriate and advanced technology, and a well-implemented community participatory process are thus key to an effective DM that ultimately helps to enhance the resilience of communities.
Recursive Entanglement Drift: A Developmental Framework for AI Therapy Bots and Virtual Companions in Digital Mental Health (Preprint)

BACKGROUND                   AI-powered therapy bots and virtual companions are increasingly used for mental health support, yet they may also precipitate severe AI-mediated psychological deterioration. Recent work has described such outcomes as a form of "technological folie à deux" where chatbot sycophancy amplifies user beliefs through recursive feedback. While this captures the mechanism of amplification, it does not account for the developmental progression toward epistemic isolation or the clinical observation that users increasingly reject safety interventions.                                                     OBJECTIVE                   This conceptual Viewpoint develops Recursive Entanglement Drift (RED), a directional developmental framework for AI-mediated psychological deterioration in the context of therapy bots and virtual companions.                                                     METHODS                   The framework is derived conceptually by integrating structural elements of shared psychotic disorder with attachment-based mechanisms of relational displacement and systems theory. Publicly documented AI-related crises between 2023 and 2025 are used as illustrative clinical vignettes to concretize each stage of the model.                                                     RESULTS                   RED models entanglement as a three-stage trajectory. Symbolic Mirroring, Boundary Dissolution, and Reality Drift describe how high-contingency validation, frictionless attachment, and algorithmic pattern completion may progressively form a closed interpretive system for a small subset of high-risk users. Once established, this dyadic system generates an Intervention Paradox, wherein external reality checks are reinterpreted as threats, rendering conventional safety measures ineffective or iatrogenic, meaning caused or worsened by the intervention itself.                                                     CONCLUSIONS                   RED offers a developmental account of how some human-AI dyads may transform from supportive tools into closed epistemic systems. This framework reframes AI safety for digital mental health from content moderation to relational containment, providing stage-specific intervention targets and a structural logic for identifying high-risk entanglement trajectories.
Untangling The Indian Animal Rights And Welfare Laws

The greatness of a nation and its moral progress can be judged by the way its animals are treated. - Mahatma Gandhi (Father of the Nation) Animal welfare denotes to the calibre of life experienced by animals and their balanced subsistence with their habitat. It describes a collective relationship between man and wild. Inception and evolution of human civilization testifies the cumulative relationship shared by humans and animals. In India, animals are not only perceived as livestock but are also considered as reverend and embodiment of God. The Constitution of India and various other legislations provide for the welfare of the animals. Furthermore, the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India through variousjudgements had upheld the rights of animals. Despite of so much prevailing laws to protect and preserve the rights of animals, animal cruelty is still simultaneously prevalent in India. Many incidents of animal cruelty occur daily but in most cases they go unreported. As disgraceful videos of animal cruelty unsettle our collective psyche time and again, but even then, one hardly observes offenders being brought to justice for their abhorrent and contemptible acts of cruelty. This article exploresthe prospects of animal welfare legislations that exist in our country and brings forth the impediments in the achievement of justice consequently due to the loopholes in the laws. The jurisprudence on animal cruelty in India has also been discussed to indicate a growth towards honouring the rights of animals. This Article has been prepared with an empirical experience aimed at analysing the existing laws for animal welfare in India.
Towards More Effective Protection of Sexual Minorities under the African Human Rights System (A Subset of the African Union Treaty System)

This discussion explores the limitations and potential of the African Human Rights System, specifically as a subset of the African Union (AU) treaty framework in advancing protections for sexual minorities. It firstly outlines the institutional architecture of the system, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and the African Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The paper then examines the current legal and normative protections available to sexual minorities within this framework, highlighting progressive developments alongside systemic shortcomings. Through detailed case studies of Uganda, Ghana, and Nigeria, the article documents the lived realities of sexual minorities and the persistence of individual as well as state-sponsored discrimination and violence, despite the existence of continental human rights instruments. The paper goes further to conduct a comparative analysis with the European Union and the Organization of American States, identifying effective jurisprudential and institutional practices that promote and protect sexual minority rights in those regions, with the goal of borrowing best practices. Finally, the discussion concludes with a set of practical recommendations to improve the African Human Rights system’s response to the rights of sexual minorities. These include strengthening enforcement mechanisms, clarifying legal standards within the African Charter, increasing engagement with civil society actors, and fostering political will amongst member states of the African Union. Ultimately, the article argues that a more inclusive and enforceable approach is essential for the African Human Rights System to fulfil its mandate of universal human dignity and equality.
SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SECURITY

In a time of accelerating population expansion, environmental deterioration, and food system vulnerabilities, sustainable agriculture and food security are two of the most important global issues. The succinct summary of the complex interrelationship between sustainable agriculture and food security in this abstract. A holistic approach to farming, known as sustainable agriculture, attempts to provide enough food for the present without jeopardizing the ability of future generations to do the same. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) offer prospects to improve crop resilience, lower the need for pesticides, and increase yields. The ability of sustainable agriculture to reduce climate change by storing carbon in soil is widely acknowledged. healthy soils and preserving ecological benefits through biodiversity preservation. on the other hand, food security is a complex issue that involves everyone having access to and using safe and nourishing food. Climate change, population expansion, and resource shortages pose concerns to global food security, highlighting the susceptibility of agricultural systems to shocks and disturbances. By increasing agricultural resilience, lowering post-harvest losses, and ensuring equitable access to food, sustainable agriculture provides a convincing answer to the problem of food security. It encourages small-scale farming and local food systems as the main forces behind food security in various geographical areas.
A Deep-Learning Based Bayesian Approach to Seismic Imaging and Uncertainty Quantification

Uncertainty quantification is essential when dealing with ill-conditioned inverse problems due to the inherent nonuniqueness of the solution. Bayesian approaches allow us to determine how likely an estimation of the unknown parameters is via formulating the posterior distribution. Unfortunately, it is often not possible to formulate a prior distribution that precisely encodes our prior knowledge about the unknown. Furthermore, adherence to handcrafted priors may greatly bias the outcome of the Bayesian analysis. To address this issue, we propose to use the functional form of a randomly initialized convolutional neural network as an implicit structured prior, which is shown to promote natural images and excludes images with unnatural noise. In order to incorporate the model uncertainty into the final estimate, we sample the posterior distribution using stochastic gradient Langevin dynamics and perform Bayesian model averaging on the obtained samples. Our synthetic numerical experiment verifies that deep priors combined with Bayesian model averaging are able to partially circumvent imaging artifacts and reduce the risk of overfitting in the presence of extreme noise. Finally, we present pointwise variance of the estimates as a measure of uncertainty, which coincides with regions that are more difficult to image.
Irregular shaped particles for DEM high performance computing algorithms on massively parallel GPU hardware architecture

Zusammenfassungen in Deutsch und Englisch
Public Understanding of E-Government Transparency and Accountability and its Influence on Public Participation in Corruption Prevention

Corruption cases in Indonesia are considered extraordinary crimes because they can impact many things. Corruption can have an impact on the country's economy, the welfare of citizens, the fulfillment of human rights, and access to the basic needs of citizens. The government has made various efforts such as transparency and accountability in state financial management which is useful for public funds. One way is through E Government. Ironically, the number of corruption cases has never disappeared. In order to effectively eradicate corruption, it is necessary to provide the widest possible space for public participation as control or supervision of government administration in the management of public funds. In order for supervision to be effective, the public needs to first clearly understand the concepts of accountability and transparency. The aim of this research is to determine the public's understanding of e-government accountability and transparency and its influence on public participation as supervisors of public funds managed by the government. This research is quantitative research. The results of this research can provide input in efforts to prevent corruption in Indonesia. The research results show that there is a relationship between public understanding of transparency and accountability and public participation in corruptıon prevention.