ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Computational Philosophy and Endogenous Ethics: An Ontological Framework for Artificial Intelligence

We introduce the Ontological Meta-Structure Engine (OMSE), a philosophical-computational framework that addresses a fundamental challenge in contemporary artificial intelligence: how to develop systems with genuine ethical reasoning capabilities rather than merely simulating moral behavior through external constraints. OMSE enables what we term "endogenous ethics"—ethical reasoning that emerges from the ontological architecture of AI systems themselves.  Drawing on developments in meta-ontology, executable metaphysics, and quantified philosophy, OMSE provides the first systematic framework for computationally implementing philosophical concepts such as responsibility, intention, and moral agency. The framework operates through three integrated layers: Executable Metaphysics for ontological grounding, Quantified Philosophy for measurable ethical evaluation, and Generative Philosophy for autonomous moral development. We introduce three core indices—Existence Preset Index (EPI), Cognitive Pathway Stability (CPS), and Responsibility Closure Index (RCI)—that enable rigorous assessment of philosophical coherence in computational systems.  This work represents a novel approach to computational philosophy and AI ethics, demonstrating how rigorous ontological engineering can inform practical AI development while advancing philosophical understanding of machine intelligence, moral agency, and the computational implementation of ethical reasoning. The framework has implications for AI safety, explainability, and the development of trustworthy artificial systems capable of genuine ethical reasoning rather than mere rule-following.
Design and Experimental Validation of an Optimized Microalgae-Bacteria Consortium for the Bioremediation of Glyphosate in Continuous Photobioreactors

Glyphosate will be banned from Europe by the end of 2022, but its widespread use in the last decades and its persistence in the environment require the development of novel remediation processes. In this work, a bacterial consortium was designed de novo with the aim to remove glyphosate from polluted water, supported by the oxygen produced by a microalgal species. To this goal, bioinformatics tools were employed to identify the bacterial strains from contaminated sources (Pseudomonas stutzeri; Comamonas odontotermitis; Sinomonas atrocyanea) able to express enzymes for glyphosate degradation, while the microalga Chlorella protothecoides was chosen for its known performances in wastewater treatment. To follow a bioaugmentation approach, the designed consortium was cultivated in continuous photobioreactors at increasing glyphosate concentrations, from 5 to 50 mg L-1, to boost its acclimation to the presence of the herbicide and its capacity to remove it from water. C. protothecoides tolerance to glyphosate was verified through batch experiments. Remarkably, steady state conditions were reached and the consortium was able to live as a community in the reactor. The consortium activity was validated in both synthetic and real wastewater, where glyphosate concentration was reduced by about 53% and 79%, respectively, without the detection of aminomethylphosphonic acid formation.
Workability of the norms of transparency and accountability against corruption in Nigeria

This paper discusses the workability of the existing norms of transparency and accountability in the battle against corruption in Nigeria. Incontrovertibly, high level corruption pervades every nook and cranny of the country to the detriment of its citizens. Although anti-corruption norms exist in the Nigerian legal order, high profile corruption remains endemic, suggesting that the norms are unworkable. This paper argues that the unworkability of transparency and accountability norms in Nigeria is largely attributable to the contradictions, inconsistencies or deficiencies inherent therein. Consequently, the paper suggests ways of putting the norms to work against corruption in Nigeria.Keywords: Corruption, Governance, Sustainable Development
Evaluating the impact of Radiology Reports Structure on AI-Powered Radiology Report Generation Systems.

Radboud University, 09 september 2024
The Rule of Law in a Globalised World: Challenges to Judicial Independence in the Context of Modern Government

Her Honour explores the relationship and underlying tensions between the judiciary, the executive and modern government.
Judicial Review’s Double-Edged Sword: Upholding or Eroding Democratic Rule of Law? A Critical Look Through the Lens of the Turkish Constitutional Court’s Rulings on Married Women’s Surname Rights

Abstract                   Constitutional Courts (CCs) have significant responsibilities, including interpreting the constitution, safeguarding fundamental rights, and ensuring that laws adhere to constitutional principles. However, the effectiveness of CCs’ decisions in promoting democratic processes and upholding the rule of law remains a subject of debate. This is particularly true when court decisions grapple with sensitive societal issues such as women’s identity. The Turkish Constitutional Court’s (TCC) decisions on married women’s surname rights exemplify this tension, since it has consistently upheld legislation mandating that married women adopt their husbands’ surnames. This study focuses specifically on TCC cases concerning married women’s surname rights, which have been criticized for perpetuating gender inequality and restricting women’s autonomy. It aims to explore how decisions by CCs can potentially erode democratic values and seeks to illustrate how TCC rulings on married women’s surnames exemplify cases where constitutional adjudication might not achieve desired rule of law outcomes.
The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: A measurement of the 600 < ℓ < 8000 cosmic microwave background power spectrum at 148 GHz

We present a measurement of the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation observed at 148 GHz. The measurement uses maps with 1.4' angular resolution made with data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). The observatio
ANALYZING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTING IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

In the context of national and international developments, Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming an increasingly important element on national and transnational policy agendas. An ever more diverse range of businesses are adopting CSR strategies as a core part of their business model. Socially responsible business can contribute to restoring trust in the market in the post-crisis context. In last years European Commission encouraging international business development and in same time, CSR instruments development in all types of organizations for encourage responsible business conduct. In this paper our purpose was to analyse the current stage of CSR in the EU. For this, we divided our research in two parts: in first part we analyze the current stage of CSR reporting of the EU members and in the second part, we study the organizational sectors of company which fulfill their report of sustainability. Our results prove us that are a few factors that influence the current stage of reporting and in last years number of company that report their CSR activity is increasing in all sectors and in all countries. Given the fact that CSR activities are becoming more and more important in any successful business, and taking into account the legislative changes that took place in European Laws, we consider CSR reporting to be even more intense in the years to follow, in EU member states.
Using circulating tumor DNA analysis to depict genomic profiles and predict survival outcomes in patients with small-cell lung cancer.

8567  Background: Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for approximately 15% of lung cancers. Most patients have extensive-stage disease with widespread metastases and poor survival. Understanding the molecular mutation profile of each SCLC patient would allow precision treatment and improved clinical outcome. However, tumor tissues from surgery are not available for most SCLC patients and biopsy specimens are often have limited quantities. Several studies have provided evidence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in detecting somatic variants of multiple solid tumors. This study evaluated utility of ctDNA to depict genomic profiles and predict survival outcomes in SCLC patients. Methods: 22 Plasma samples were obtained before initial treatment from 22 patients with SCLC enrolled between 2012 and 2016. Targeted-capture deep sequencing was performed to identify somatic variants in 465 cancer-related genes. Genomic mutation profiles were described and the clinical implications were further analyzed. Results: Tumor DNA can be detected in all 22 plasma samples collected from patients with SCLC. In total, 340 variants were identified, and the mean and median mutation rate were 6.3 and 6.6 per Mb. TP53 and RB1 are the most frequently mutated genes, detected in 90.9% (20/22) and 59.1% (13/22) patients, respectively. Further analysis showed that high ctDNA fraction in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was associated with heavy tumor burden (R = 0.7, p = 0.0017). Moreover, patients with high ctDNA fractions (ctDNA fraction &gt; = 18.3%) had poor progression free survival (PFS) (HR, 17.2; p = 0.0019). The median PFS of patients with high versus low ctDNA fractions was 5.2 months (95% CI 4.6 to 5.8 months) versus 10.0 months (95% CI 9.3 to 10.7 months), respectively. Conclusions: In this study, ctDNA analysis offers a promising way to depict the molecular profile in patients with SCLC. Moreover, these findings highlight the potential clinical utility of ctDNA to predicate clinical outcome in SCLC.
Prospective relationships between appearance-based social media use and adolescent mental health

Growing evidence links adolescent social media use to mental health difficulties, yet most research is cross-sectional, assumes all social media activities are equally harmful, and rarely examines multiple forms of psychopathology. This longitudinal study tested reciprocal relations between mental health symptoms (social anxiety, body dissatisfaction, depression) and appearance-based social media behaviours (upward appearance comparisons and appearance investment). Participants were 1942 adolescents (grades 7–11; W1                                            M                       age                                          = 13.97,                     SD                     = 1.24; W2                                            M                       age                                          = 14.51,                     SD                     = 1.19) from four Australian schools. Bidirectional prospective relationships emerged between upward comparisons and all three mental health symptoms. Furthermore, Wave 1 body dissatisfaction and social anxiety predicted greater Wave 2 appearance investment, and more Wave 1 appearance investment predicted increases in Wave 2 depressive symptoms. Findings highlight upward comparisons as both a predictor and consequence of poor mental health and suggest appearance investment may link body dissatisfaction and social anxiety to depression.
Observations of accretion disks in X-ray binaries

A brief overview is given of the observations of accretion disks in X-ray binaries, discussing their geometry, their effect on the rotation period of the accreting object, their optical and X-ray spectra, time variability, and radio emission and jets. Some outstanding questions for disk theory are listed.
Advances in the identification of novel factors required in soybean nodulation, a process critical to sustainable agriculture and food security

Nodulation is a process of organogenesis that results from a symbiotic relationship between legume plants and soil-dwelling, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, called rhizobia. The rhizobia are housed in newly formed structures on the host roots, called nodules. Within nodules, the rhizobia fix atmospheric N2 into useable forms of nitrogen for the plant. This process is highly important to agriculture, as nitrogen is critical for plant growth and development and is typically the main component of fertilizers. Although fertilizers are effective, they are expensive and often pollute, making biological alternatives, such as legume nodulation, attractive for use in agriculture. Nodulation is regulated by the auto regulation of nodulation (AON) pathway, which enables the host plant to balance its needs between nitrogen acquisition and energy expenditure. Current research is elucidating the nodule development and AON signalling networks. Recent technological advances, such as RNA-sequencing, are revolutionizing the discovery of genes that are critical to nodulation. The discovery of such genes not only enhances our knowledge of the nodulation signalling network, but may help to underpin future work to isolate superior legume crops via modern breeding and engineering practices. Here, recent advances using the cutting-edge technique of RNA sequencing to identify new nodulation genes in soybean are discussed.
Sub-milliwatt threshold power and tunable-bias all-optical nonlinear activation function using vanadium dioxide for wavelength-division multiplexing photonic neural networks

Abstract           The increasing demand for efficient hardware in neural computation highlights the limitations of electronic-based systems in terms of speed, energy efficiency, and scalability. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) photonic neural networks offer a high-bandwidth, low-latency alternative but require effective photonic activation functions. Here, we propose a power-efficient and tunable-bias all-optical nonlinear activation function using vanadium dioxide (VO2) for WDM photonic neural networks. We engineered a SiN/BTO waveguide with a VO2 patch to exploit the phase-change material’s reversible insulator-to-metal transition (IMT) for nonlinear activation. We conducted numerical simulations to optimize the waveguide geometry and VO2 parameters, minimizing propagation and coupling losses while achieving a strong nonlinear response and low-threshold activation power. Our proposed device features a sub-milliwatt threshold power, a footprint of 5 μm, and an ELU-like activation function. Moreover, the bias of our device could be thermally tuned, improving the speed and power efficiency. On the other hand, performance evaluations using the CIFAR-10 dataset confirmed the device’s potential for convolutional neural networks (CNN). Our results show that a hybrid VO2/SiN/BTO platform could play a prominent role in the path toward the development of high-performance photonic neural networks.
On the Security &amp; Privacy in Federated Learning

Recent privacy awareness initiatives such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation subdued Machine Learning (ML) to privacy and security assessments. Federated Learning (FL) grants a privacy-driven, decentralized training scheme that improves ML models' security. The industry's fast-growing adaptation and security evaluations of FL technology exposed various vulnerabilities that threaten FL's confidentiality, integrity, or availability (CIA). This work assesses the CIA of FL by reviewing the state-of-the-art (SoTA) and creating a threat model that embraces the attack's surface, adversarial actors, capabilities, and goals. We propose the first unifying taxonomy for attacks and defenses and provide promising future research directions.
The Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropy Power Spectrum from the BEAST Experiment

The Background Emission Anisotropy Scanning Telescope (BEAST) is a 2.2 m off-axis telescope with an eightelement mixed Q-band (38–45 GHz) and Ka-band (26–36 GHz) focal plane, designed for balloon-borne and ground-basedstudiesofthe cosmicmicrowavebackground(CMB).Herewepresentthe CMB angularpowerspectrumcalculatedfrom682hrofdataobservedwiththeBEASTinstrument.Weuseabinnedpseudo-Cl estimator(the MASTER method). We find results that are consistent with other determinations of the CMB anisotropy for angular wavenumbers l between 100 and 600. We also perform cosmological parameter estimation. The BEAST data alone produce a good constraint on k � 1 � tot ¼� 0:074 � 0:070, consistent with a flat universe. A joint parameter estimation analysis with a number of previous CMB experiments produces results consistent with previous determinations. Subject heading gs: cosmicmicrowavebackground — cosmology:observations — large-scalestructureofuniverse
Bivariate Extreme Value Analysis for Space Weather Risk Assessment: Solar Wind—Magnetosphere Driving in the Terrestrial System

Abstract                   As society moves toward greater dependence on technology, understanding and predicting extreme Space Weather becomes increasingly important. Indeed, the complex, simultaneous interplay between multiple phenomena can unpack further insight into Space Weather effects. Thanks to decades of in situ and ground observations, long archives of Space Weather measurements are ripe for exploitation by more complex, data intensive techniques. In this study, three decades of in situ and ground observations of Earth's Space environment are leveraged to model the joint extremal behavior of solar wind driving and internal geomagnetic responses, using Bivariate Extreme Value Analysis. While often utilized in other fields with more long‐term and/or higher spatial resolution data sets (such as meteorology), this is the first application of this technique in more than one dimension in the field of space plasma physics. An initial result is that upstream and internal variables exhibit weaker extremal dependence on minute timescales than on hourly timescales, in line with characteristic magnetospheric coupling timescales. Specifically, the joint extremal behavior of a solar wind coupling function with the auroral electrojet index AE is explored and predicted.
Genetic discrimination in life insurance: empirical evidence from a cross sectional survey of genetic support groups in the United Kingdom

Abstract                                        Objectives:                     To gather empirical evidence on any discrimination based on genetic information shown by the insurance industry in the United Kingdom and to assess how society is likely to handle future genetic information from tests for polygenic multifactorial conditions.                                                           Design:                     Postal questionnaire survey.                                                           Subjects:                     Sample (n=7000) of members from seven British support groups for families with genetic disorders and a representative sample (n=1033) of the general public who answered questions on applying for life insurance as part of an omnibus survey.                                                           Main outcome measures:                     Subjects were asked about their experiences with insurers, the medical profession, employers, and social services. Experiences with insurers are reported here.                                                           Results:                     Altogether 33.4% of the study group had problems when applying for life insurance compared with 5% of applicants in the omnibus survey. Thirteen per cent of study respondents from subgroups who represented no adverse actuarial risk on genetic grounds reported that their treatment by insurers seemed to represent unjustified genetic discrimination.                                                           Conclusions:                     Life insurers may not be operating a consistent policy for assessing genetic information or acting in accord with the actuarial risks brought to them. The inconsistency suggests error rather than a corporate policy of discrimination based on genetic characteristics. Any future proposals for genetic testing for common or multifactorial disorders should be examined carefully.
Extensive air showers and ultra high-energy cosmic rays: a historical review

The discovery of extensive air showers by Rossi, Schmeiser, Bothe, Kolhörster and Auger at the end of the 1930s, facilitated by the coincidence technique of Bothe and Rossi, led to fundamental contributions in the field of cosmic ray physics and laid the foundation for high-energy particle physics. Soon after World War II a cosmic ray group at MIT in the USA pioneered detailed investigations of air shower phenomena and their experimental skill laid the foundation for many of the methods and much of the instrumentation used today. Soon interests focussed on the highest energies requiring much larger detectors to be operated. The first detection of air fluorescence light by Japanese and US groups in the early 1970s marked an important experimental breakthrough towards this end as it allowed huge volumes of atmosphere to be monitored by optical telescopes. Radio observations of air showers, pioneered in the 1960s, are presently experiencing a renaissance and may revolutionise the field again. In the last 7 decades the research has seen many ups but also a few downs. However, the example of the Cygnus X-3 story demonstrated that even non-confirmable observations can have a huge impact by boosting new instrumentation to make discoveries and shape an entire scientific community.
Additive Manufacturing in Food Systems: A Comprehensive Review of 3D-printed Meat Technology

Additive manufacturing (AM), commonly referred to as three-dimensional (3D) food printing, has emerged as a disruptive technology within modern food systems, enabling precise control over food structure, composition, and functionality. In the context of alternative protein production, AM offers novel opportunities for fabricating plant-based meat analogues and structured cultured meat with improved textural, nutritional, and sensory properties. This review provides a comprehensive overview of AM technologies applied to meat production, including extrusion-based printing, inkjet printing, laser-assisted techniques, and bioprinting. Particular emphasis is placed on printable food inks and bioinks, food-grade biomaterials, scaffold design, and tissue assembly strategies. The current state of industrial development, nutritional and sensory performance, regulatory frameworks, and sustainability implications are critically examined. Key technical and economic challenges such as scalability, cost reduction, food safety, and consumer acceptance are discussed alongside future research priorities. Overall, this review highlights the potential of 3D-printed meat to contribute to sustainable, resilient, and personalized protein systems, while outlining the scientific advancements required for widespread commercial adoption.