ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Identifying the Drivers Related to Animal Reservoirs, Environment, and Socio-Demography of Human Leptospirosis in Different Community Types of Southern Chile: An Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in One Health Perspective

Leptospirosis is a zoonosis with global public health impact, particularly in poor socio-economic settings in tropical regions. Transmitted through urine-contaminated water or soil from rodents, dogs, and livestock, leptospirosis causes over a million clinical cases annually. Risk factors include outdoor activities, livestock production, and substandard housing that foster high densities of animal reservoirs. This One Health study in southern Chile examined Leptospira serological evidence of exposure in people from urban slums, semi-rural settings, and farm settings, using the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm to identify key influencing factors. In urban slums, age, shrub terrain, distance to Leptospira-positive households, and neighborhood housing density were contributing factors. Human exposure in semi-rural communities was linked to environmental factors (trees, shrubs, and lower vegetation terrain) and animal variables (Leptospira-positive dogs and rodents and proximity to Leptospira-positive households). On farms, dog counts, animal Leptospira prevalence, and proximity to Leptospira-contaminated water samples were significant drivers. The study underscores that disease dynamics vary across landscapes, with distinct drivers in each community setting. This case study demonstrates how the integration of machine learning with comprehensive cross-sectional epidemiological and geospatial data provides valuable insights into leptospirosis eco-epidemiology. These insights are crucial for informing targeted public health strategies and generating hypotheses for future research.
A Dual Challenge to Human Rights Law: Online Terrorist Content and Governmental Orders to Remove it

This article explores the dual challenge posed by the omnipresence of actual as well as perceived terrorist content in the digital realm, and by governmental removal orders aimed at addressing that content: On the one hand, the spread of actual online terrorist content endangers the enjoyment of human rights by individuals, starting from the right to life, albeit in a predominantly indirect fashion. On the other hand, the improper removal from the Internet of content that is merely perceived by some as terrorist has serious implications on the freedom of expression, including the freedom to receive and impart information and ideas. This article analyses the foundational human rights challenges inherent to the European Union’s recent efforts to regulate the dissemination of terrorist content in the digital realm through supranational legislation with direct transnational effect upon private actors across borders. By delving into multiple human rights challenges peculiar to the digital realm, the article explores whether human rights law is capable of articulating these challenges through what is here referred to as the ‘grammar’ of human rights law, namely its concepts, principles, and doctrines, and of providing answers to the thorny issue of online terrorist
La protección de los derechos humanos en la justicia penal internacional: el caso particular del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la ex-Yugoslavia en relación con el derecho consuetudinario y el principio de legalidad = The protection of human rights in international Criminal Justice: the particular case of the international criminal tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in relation to customary law and the principle of legality

RESUMEN: La labor del Tribunal Penal Internacional para la Ex-Yugoslavia tuvo un momento importante en la compresión del principio de legalidad, como principio básico en la garantía de los derechos humanos, al enfrentar no sólo el derecho consuetudinario como fuente de derecho sino también diferentes modos o enfoques en la identificación de este derecho consuetudinario. Esta relación debe ser analizada a la luz de las limitaciones que tiene el derecho internacional y, sobre todo, de los procedimientos de creación de normas. No resulta fácil exigir responsabilidad en el cumplimiento del derecho internacional humanitario y de los derechos humanos. La práctica de este Tribunal abre una vía para la reflexión con la finalidad de asegurar el respeto de los derechos humanos en cualquier circunstancia, incluso de aquellos que llevaron a cabo la comisión de graves crímenes contra la comunidad internacional.ABSTRACT: The work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia was important for understanding the principle of legality as a key principle on the guarantee of Human Rights. The former was due to the Tribunal’s work on having faced the customary law as a source of law using different perspectives for its identification. The link between customary law, principle of legality and human rights has to be analyzed taking in account the limits of International law and the procedures for creating legal norms. It is not easy to invoke responsibility in the fulfillment of international humanitarian law and international law of human rights. The practice developed by this Tribunal provides an avenue for thinking about ensuring the respect of the human rights in any case including the commission of grave crimes against international community. PALABRAS CLAVE: derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, principio de legalidad, derecho internacional humanitario, costumbre internacionalKEYWORDS: international law of human rights, principle of legality, international humanitarian law, international custom
Science Communication Online: Engaging Experts and Publics on the Internet

The collaborative and interactive nature of online spaces has transformed scientific communication practices. Science blogs, crowd-funding projects, Reddit forums, and new online databases do not n...
Modeling the Risk of Dengue Fever in Europe Based on the Extrinsic Incubation Period and Climate Change Projections

Globally, dengue fever is one of the most rapidly spreading vector-borne-diseases due to increasing trade as well as travel and changing environmental conditions with advancing climate change. Furthermore, the establishment of the vector Aedes albopictus Skuse continues to progress in Europe. The time interval between virus acquisition and transmission (EIP) by the vector is negatively correlated with temperature. Thus, it was hypothesized that the climatic suitability for dengue transmission will increase in Europe with advancing climate change. For modeling the relationship between temperature and EIP of dengue, a non-linear unimodal function was applied. Subsequently, the EIP and the climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus in Europe were modelled based on temperature parameters. Both models were combined to project the climatic suitability for dengue transmission in Europe. All projections referred to the 21st century and were based on two divergent IPCC5 scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). The EIP of dengue was detected to shorten generally in Europe in times of climate change. The climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus was projected to become higher in Europe. Consequently, the potential for dengue transmission was detected to increase in Europe with advancing climate change. Areas with high climatic suitability were projected to expand and to show a north-ward shift. Moreover, south-western parts of the Iberian Peninsula are expected to show the shortest EIP in Europe, but a low potential for dengue transmission due to a low climatic suitability for Ae. albopictus. Hotspots for dengue transmission were projected for the Mediterranean islands and for the coastline along the Mediterranean Sea  as well as Black Sea. Thus, especially touristic areas are expected to be hotspots for dengue transmission. Here, the transmission risk for dengue can be facilitated through increasing human population density and increasing travel activity during summer. Thus, monitoring and control  measures should be set up to recognize dengue outbreaks and to avoid the spread of dengue across Europe. Dengue is no longer a mere tropical disease. In the near future it can become a threat for Europe with advancing climate change.
Workshop Report: Catalyzing Knowledge-Driven Discovery in Environmental Health Sciences through a Harmonized Language

Harmonized language is essential to finding, sharing, and reusing large-scale, complex data. Gaps and barriers prevent the adoption of harmonized language approaches in environmental health sciences (EHS). To address this, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and partners created the Environmental Health Language Collaborative (EHLC). The purpose of EHLC is to facilitate a community-driven effort to advance the development and adoption of harmonized language approaches in EHS. EHLC is a forum to pinpoint language harmonization gaps, to facilitate the development of, raise awareness of, and encourage the use of harmonization approaches and tools, and to develop new standards and recommendations. To ensure that EHLC’s focus and structure would be sustainable long-term and meet the needs of the field, EHLC launched an inaugural workshop in September 2021 focused on “Developing Sustainable Language Solutions” and “Building a Sustainable Community”. When the attendees were surveyed, 91% said harmonized language solutions would be of high value/benefit, and 60% agreed to continue contributing to EHLC efforts. Based on workshop discussions, future activities will focus on targeted collaborative use-case working groups in addition to offering education and training on ontologies, metadata, and standards, and developing an EHS language resource portal.
Emulation of Variational Quantum Circuits on Embedded Systems for Real-Time Quantum Machine Learning Applications

This paper presents an engineering design framework for integrating Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs) into industrial control systems via real-time quantum emulation on embedded hardware. In this work, we present a novel framework for fully embedded real-time quantum machine learning (QML), in which a four-qubit, four-layer VQC is both emulated and trained in situ on an FPGA-based embedded platform (dSPACE MicroLabBox 1202). The system achieves deterministic microsecond-scale response at a closed-loop frequency of 100 kHz, enabling its application in latency-critical control tasks. We demonstrate the feasibility of online VQC training within this architecture by approximating nonlinear functions in real time, thereby validating the potential of embedded QML for advanced signal processing and control applications. This approach provides a scalable and practical path toward real-time Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) and other quantum-enhanced embedded controllers. The results validate the feasibility of real-time quantum emulation and establish a structured engineering design methodology for implementing trainable quantum machine learning (QML) models on embedded platforms, thereby enabling the development of deployable quantum-enhanced controllers.
Solution algebras of differential equations and quasi-homogeneous varieties: a new differential Galois correspondence

We develop a new connection between Differential Algebra and Geometric Invariant Theory, based on an anti-equivalence of categories between solution algebras associated to a linear differential equation (i.e. differential algebras generated by finitely many polynomials in a fundamental set of solutions), and affine quasi-homogeneous varieties (over the constant field) for the differential Galois group of the equation.   Solution algebras can be associated to any connection over a smooth affine variety. It turns out that he spectrum of a solution algebra is an algebraic fiber space over the base variety, with quasi-homogeneous fiber. We discuss the relevance of this result to Transcendental Number Theory.
Organizational behavior in Ecuadorian SME’s. An analysis of leadership, trust and conflict management

Programa de Doctorat en Empresa
The Measurement of the Energy Spectrum and Depth of Maximum Shower Development of Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays Collected by the Telescope Array with the Hybrid Trigger Mode

学位の種別:課程博士|審査委員会委員 : （主査）東京大学准教授 Kai Martens, 東京大学准教授 浅野 勝晃, 東京大学教授 横山 将志, 東京大学教授 高橋 忠幸, 東京大学准教授 三代木 伸二
Geochemistry, petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Samothraki mafic suite, NE Greece: Trace-element, isotopic and zircon age constraints

Abstract   The Samothraki mafic suite in the north-eastern Aegean Sea, Greece, is an ‘in situ’ magmatic complex comprising gabbros, sparse dykes and basalt flows and pillows cut by late dolerite dykes. We have determined the age of the complex by SHRIMP zircon geochronology of a gabbro as 159.9 ± 4.5 Ma (i.e. Oxfordian; early Late Jurassic), which precludes any correlation with the so-called Lesvos ophiolite further south (253.1 ± 5.6 Ma; Latest Permian).  Six distinct, hitherto unrecognised, geochemical groups have been identified among the basalts and dolerites of the Samothraki mafic suite on the basis of trace-element and Nd–Sr isotopic characteristics. All groups show the presence of an enriched component in their source region, be that a long-term enriched mantle reservoir or an enriched melt. They also invariably show evidence of the addition of subduction-related hydrous fluids. Some groups testify to recent depletion events of long-term enriched mantle, some to the involvement of strongly depleted, recently refertilised mantle, and others to significant addition of melts either from subducted sediments or continental crust. None of the groups bear resemblance to mid-ocean ridge or back-arc basin basalts thus suggesting that the Samothraki mafic suite cannot represent mature back-arc basin crust.  In view of recent advances in back-arc basin geology and the data collected here, the Samothraki mafic suite could represent a slab-edge segment of an evolved back-arc basin near the trench, a situation that satisfies the inflow of fertile mantle, the strong signature of sediment melts and the rare occurrence of boninite-like melts. Alternatively, it could represent the embryonic stages of back-arc basin formation either by a propagating rift tip into continental crust or by oblique subduction causing back-arc rifting of continental crust and creation of nascent transtensional basins.  Restoration of block configuration in NE Greece before extensional collapse of the Hellenic hinterland and exhumation of the Rhodope Metamorphic Core Complex (mid-Eocene to mid-Miocene) results in a continuous ophiolite belt from Guevgueli to Samothraki, thus assigning the latter to the Innermost Hellenic Ophiolite Belt. We propose that the Samothraki mafic suite originated via rift propagation of the Sithonia ophiolite spreading ridge into the Chortiatis calc-alkaline arc (and its basement) which was partly assimilated. Our model does not favour southward intra-oceanic subduction of the Meliata–Maliac Ocean under the Vardar Ocean whereby Samothraki is located in the back-arc spreading centre.  The autochthonous rift-related origin, the enriched geochemical characteristics and the lack of common features with known ophiolite types suggests calling the igneous complex of Samothraki Island a “mafic suite” rather than an “ophiolite”.
Ambigram Generation by a Diffusion Model

Ambigrams are graphical letter designs that can be read not only from the original direction but also from a rotated direction (especially with 180 degrees). Designing ambigrams is difficult even for human experts because keeping their dual readability from both directions is often difficult. This paper proposes an ambigram generation model. As its generation module, we use a diffusion model, which has recently been used to generate high-quality photographic images. By specifying a pair of letter classes, such as 'A' and 'B', the proposed model generates various ambigram images which can be read as 'A' from the original direction and 'B' from a direction rotated 180 degrees. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of experimental results show that the proposed model can generate high-quality and diverse ambigrams. In addition, we define ambigramability, an objective measure of how easy it is to generate ambigrams for each letter pair. For example, the pair of 'A' and 'V' shows a high ambigramability (that is, it is easy to generate their ambigrams), and the pair of 'D' and 'K' shows a lower ambigramability. The ambigramability gives various hints of the ambigram generation not only for computers but also for human experts. The code can be found at (https://github.com/univ-esuty/ambifusion).
Public engagement in science: Mapping out and understanding the practice of science communication in Latin America

This article presents the results of a study aiming to map out the characteristics of science communication activities carried out in Latin America by different organizations. We looked at a general description of the activities (such as the kind of activities carried out, in which periodicity, the publics engaged in the activities, etc.) and the favorable and unfavorable existing conditions in the organizations (such as budget and planning, evaluation, as well as weakness and strengths). The study focused on gathering primary information, through an online survey, answered by 123 institutions from 14 countries. Although the results are not representative of the entire Latin America - and it would be not possible to be so, since it is not even known the totality of initiatives existing in the region -, the study presents trends that can help the guidance and the consolidation of strategies for strengthening the practice of science communication in the region.
Advances in Knowledge Graph Embedding Based on Graph Neural Networks

As graph neural networks continue to develop, knowledge graph embedding methods based on graph neural networks are receiving increasing attention from researchers. Compared with traditional methods, they can better handle the diversity and complexity of entities, and capture the multiple features and complex relationships of entities, thereby improving the representation ability and application value of knowledge graphs. This paper firstly outlines the development history of knowledge graphs and the basic concepts of knowledge graphs and graph neural networks. Secondly, it focuses on discussing the design ideas and algorithm frameworks of knowledge graph embedding based on graph convolution, graph neural networks, graph attention, and graph autoencoders. Then, it describes the performance of graph neural network knowledge graph embedding in tasks such as link prediction, entity alignment, knowledge graph reasoning, and knowledge graph completion, while supplementing some research on commonsense knowledge graphs with graph neural networks. Finally, this paper makes a comprehensive summary, and future research directions are outlined with respect to some challenges and issues in knowledge graph embedding.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of H Diffusion in SOFC Anode Using Reactive Force Field

Employing reactive molecular dynamics simulation, we investigated diffusion pathways of H-atoms into the bulk from the Ni(100) surface. We found that surface pathway is dominant compared to bulk pathway for H atoms diffusion. Our simulation suggests that H atoms can diffuse into the bulk Ni. From 973 to 1273 K, H atoms migration into bulk is observed, but number of H atom is influenced by the temperature. At 1273 K, 30 % H atoms move into the bulk region. Diffusion barrier of H into bulk is calculated higher than the surface pathway. Diffusion coefficient of H between bulk and surface pathway is calculated to be one order of magnitude discrepancy.
Utilities’ Contribution to the Human Right to Water and Sanitation: Importance of Stakeholders’ Ownership

Abstract   The comparative analysis of two successful experiences, that improved access to water and sanitation services for nearly 1.5 million people, allows us to highlight similarities and draw lessons. These experiences, taken from very different contexts, Port-au-Prince and Algiers, have succeeded in various issues. Both projects started by the completion of a sincere and shared initial diagnosis. They considered recognition of co-operation and dialogue between actors as keys for improvement and sustainability. They set up solutions that fitted the local context and available resources: focussing on the communities in Haiti, and on the utility in Algiers. Finally, they revealed that implementing the human right to water and sanitation requires a resilient governance model and ownership from all actors.
Serverless Computing: A Comparative Analysis of Cloud Run and Cloud Function Prices on Google Kubernetes Engine Cluster Node Management Google Cloud

The advancement of cloud computing technology has revolutionized the way companies build and deploy applications, offering unprecedented flexibility, scalability, and efficiency. One of the most significant innovations in this space is serverless computing, which allows developers to build and run applications without managing the underlying server infrastructure. This model fundamentally changes the application development paradigm, shifting from static resource allocation to an event-driven model where resources are consumed only when needed (Sharma et al., 2021). The increasing adoption of serverless architectures has driven the need for detailed cost optimization strategies, particularly for automated infrastructure management tasks. This study examines the operational cost efficiency between Google Cloud Run and Google Cloud Functions. The study addresses the common need for programmatically managing cluster nodes within Google Kubernetes Engine. Solutions are developed and implemented using both serverless services to perform representative cluster management operations. A comprehensive analysis of pricing models, including resource consumption and invocation costs, is performed. Significant differences in operational costs are observed for this specific infrastructure automation scenario. The findings of this study provide clear guidance for architects and developers looking to minimize cloud spending through selecting the right platform.
Ahead of the Regulators: AI-Powered Risk Flagging in Corporate Governance Frameworks

&lt;p&gt;Corporate governance frameworks across the world are increasingly tested by the complexity of multi-regulator environments. A single large corporation may simultaneously answer to a central banking authority, a securities markets regulator, an insurance oversight body, a sector-specific watchdog, and several others, each with its own reporting standards, compliance timelines, and penalty structures. Staying ahead of this web of obligations demands more than periodic audits or compliance checklists. This paper examines how specific artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, including machine learning, natural language processing (NLP), and predictive analytics, can be built into corporate governance structures to flag default risks before they reach the attention of regulators or other stakeholders. Drawing on established theories of corporate governance and existing scholarship on AI applications in financial compliance, the paper argues that proactive AI-assisted risk flagging is not merely a technological upgrade but a structural shift in how boards and management conceptualize their accountability obligations. The paper also draws on the Indian regulatory context, with bodies such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI), and the Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA), to illustrate the practical demand for such systems in emerging market governance frameworks.&lt;/p&gt;