ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Book Recommendation System Using Similarity-Based Collaborative Filtering Approach

This study implements and compares the performance of three primary approaches to book recommendation systems: rank-based methods, similarity-based collaborative filtering (both user-user and item-item), and matrix factorization-based collaborative filtering. The dataset comprises 433,671 user ratings from 78,805 users on 185,973 books, enriched with book metadata such as title, author, publication year, and publisher. The recommendation systems were developed using the Surprise library, with hyperparameter optimization performed via grid search cross-validation. Model performance was evaluated using precision@k, recall@k, and F1-score metrics, as well as RMSE for prediction accuracy. Results indicate that the user-user similarity-based collaborative filtering model achieved the best performance in terms of relevance, attaining an F1-score of 0.86. This model effectively identifies users with similar preferences and recommends books based on collective behavior patterns. Meanwhile, the matrix factorization approach yielded the lowest RMSE value of 1.50, highlighting its strength in capturing latent factors that influence user preferences. The item-item similarity model also showed reasonable performance but did not surpass the other approaches, possibly due to homogeneity in item rating patterns across users. Overall, the study confirms that user-user similarity is highly effective for datasets exhibiting consistent user behavior, while matrix factorization excels in minimizing prediction error by leveraging latent feature structures. These findings offer valuable insights for developing adaptive recommendation systems in book-centric literacy platforms and content-driven e-commerce applications.
Current Status of Protein Force Fields for Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The current status of classical force fields for proteins is reviewed. These include additive force fields as well as the latest developments in the Drude and AMOEBA polarizable force fields. Parametrization strategies developed specifically for the Drude force field are described and compared with the additive CHARMM36 force field. Results from molecular simulations of proteins and small peptides are summarized to illustrate the performance of the Drude and AMOEBA force fields.
International Space Law for the Commercial Exploitation of Space Resources

Abstract                   Driven by geopolitical and commercial motives, humanity is on the verge of establishing an ongoing presence on the Moon. In order to sustain a permanent human presence on the Moon, it will be necessary to exploit lunar resources, including water, fuel, oxygen, and building materials. The international legal regime governing the utilization of space resources remains unclear. While many governance models have been proposed, the resolution of a clear, internationally agreed framework is required to provide certainty to commercial actors prior to the imminent landing of several missions planned for this decade. This chapter concludes that the international legal framework does not prohibit the extraction and use of space resources, but that detailed guidance is lacking. It considers existing plans for space resource utilization and argues that, as such activities are imminent, it will be vital to clarify international laws, including addressing issues of sustainability and benefit sharing.
Liability of online platforms for content moderation from the perspective of the European Court of Human Rights: Challenges and recent developments

While not a novel phenomenon, online platforms have gained significant economic and societal importance over the past decade, and the public discourse around their responsibilities and liabilities has reached an exceptional level. Online platforms significantly contribute to facilitating the exchange and access to information, enabling the widespread distribution of all types of content, regardless of their legality. The regulation of content on online platforms undoubtedly impacts the protection of human rights, particularly freedom of expression, which has led the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) to establish important criteria through its jurisprudence. To understand the implications of the ECtHR's case law, it is important to briefly present the concept of platform liability within the European legal framework, which is outlined in the opening section of the paper. In the subsequent part, the authors analyze the relevant ECtHR jurisprudence. The aim of the paper is to clarify the main standards of the ECtHR's approach to the human rights implications of online platforms' liability for content moderation, while also potentially highlighting their limitations.
Theories of Culture in the Frankfurt School of Critical Theory

The main difference between critical theory and others, as famously outlined by Horkheimer, is its critical aim: as opposed to “traditional” theories that mainly try to understand or even explain society, critical theory wants to overcome the current state of society and help erect a more “reasonable” society without exploitation, alienation and unnecessary suffering. However, culture has not always been the central interest of critical theory. The initial approach of Karl Marx rather stressed economic structures and political struggles, whereas later thinkers such as Habermas and Honneth almost exclusively focused on social norms. The focus shifted from political economy to psychoanalysis and culture in the first generation of the Frankfurt School, and further on to moral and legal philosophy in the second generation. This chapter mainly focuses on these theories, in particular on the works of Max Horkheimer, Herbert Marcuse, Walter Benjamin and Theodor W. Adorno. In order to frame these approaches, the chapter starts with an overview of Marxian critical theory and ends with an outlook on the normativist stance of later theories.
Explaining Multi-modal Large Language Models by Analyzing their Vision Perception

Submitted at BMVC 2024
An agroecological structure model of compost—soil—plant interactions for sustainable organic farming

Abstract                Compost is used worldwide as a soil conditioner for crops, but its functions have still been explored. Here, the omics profiles of carrots were investigated, as a root vegetable plant model, in a field amended with compost fermented with thermophilic Bacillaceae for growth and quality indices. Exposure to compost significantly increased the productivity, antioxidant activity, color, and taste of the carrot root and altered the soil bacterial composition with the levels of characteristic metabolites of the leaf, root, and soil. Based on the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) estimated that amino acids, antioxidant activity, flavonoids and/or carotenoids in plants were optimally linked by exposure to compost. The SEM of the soil estimated that the genus Paenibacillus and nitrogen compounds were optimally involved during exposure. These estimates did not show a contradiction between the whole genomic analysis of compost-derived Paenibacillus isolates and the bioactivity data, inferring the presence of a complex cascade of plant growth-promoting effects and modulation of the nitrogen cycle by the compost itself. These observations have provided information on the qualitative indicators of compost in complex soil-plant interactions and offer a new perspective for chemically independent sustainable agriculture through the efficient use of natural nitrogen.
Contexts and Determinants of the Management of Occupational Safety and Health in European Workplaces

The focus of this special issue of Policy and Practice is on the influence of national contexts on the practice and effectiveness of occupational safety and health management. This paper adds to the discussion, presented in previous papers in this issue, of contextual determinants at the national level by taking a comparative Europe-wide focus. Using a recent study as its basis, the paper considers the development and implementation of process-oriented occupational safety and health regulation against its political, economic and labour relations backdrops in different EU member states. In particular, it draws out the significance of change (and its pace) in all of these areas as a determinant of occupational safety and health management and practice. The paper concludes with a discussion of the role of the European Union as a key determinant, highlighting the tensions between its regulatory, political and economic policies and approaches in the rapidly changing world of work.
Markov risk mappings and risk-sensitive optimal prediction

We formulate a probabilistic Markov property in discrete time under a dynamic risk framework with minimal assumptions. This is useful for recursive solutions to risk-sensitive versions of dynamic optimisation problems such as optimal prediction, where at each stage the recursion depends on the whole future. The property holds for standard measures of risk used in practice, and is formulated in several equivalent versions including a representation via acceptance sets, a strong version, and a dual representation.
Modeling the effects of climate change on İkizcetepeler Inflows: 2015-2030 projection

In the study presented, the impacts of climate change on flows were examined by a modeling based approach. The study has been carried out using climate forecasts of ECHAM5 circulation model simulated in the AR4 of the IPCC for Balikesir-Ikizcetepeler watershed having Mediterranean climate characteristics. The future projections of precipitation and temperature changes on the study area have been determined by downscaling the coarse A1B and 20C3M scenario results of ECHAM5 to monthly precipitation and temperature at basin scale. Following the statistical downscaling analyses, the downscaled scenario results have been transformed to runoff by means of a parametric hydrological model to assess the probable impacts of temperature and precipitation changes on runoff. According to the A1B climate scenario results of ECHAM5 climate model, approximately 23% decrease on Ikizcetepeler runoff is foreseen with regard to 1960-1999 reference period statistics for the next 15-year period.
Workplace Measurements by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration since 1979: Descriptive Analysis and Potential Uses for Exposure Assessment

This letter summarizes modifications to the results presented in Lavoué et al. (2012): Lavoué, J., Burstyn, I.,Friesen, M. (2012) Workplace Measurements by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration since1979: Descriptive Analysis and Potential Uses for Exposure Assessment. Annals of occupational hygiene57(1):77–97. Although several results were altered, the conclusions were not affected by the changes.
second photonic convolutional accelerator for deep learning optical neural networks

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), inspired by biological visual cortex systems, are a powerful category of artificial neural networks that can extract the hierarchical features of raw data to greatly reduce the network parametric complexity and enhance the predicting accuracy. They are of significant interest for machine learning tasks such as computer vision, speech recognition, playing board games and medical diagnosis [1-7]. Optical neural networks offer the promise of dramatically accelerating computing speed to overcome the inherent bandwidth bottleneck of electronics. Here, we demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating beyond 10 Tera-FLOPS (floating point operations per second), generating convolutions of images of 250,000 pixels with 8-bit resolution for 10 kernels simultaneously — enough for facial image recognition. We then use the same hardware to sequentially form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 900 pixel handwritten digit images with 88% accuracy. Our results are based on simultaneously interleaving temporal, wavelength and spatial dimensions enabled by an integrated microcomb source. This approach is scalable and trainable to much more complex networks for demanding applications such as unmanned vehicle and real-time video recognition.
Analysis the Effect of Leadership to Safety Climate, Safety Culture and Safety Performance

In this era of globalisation, occupational safety is the main spotlight in every industry. By implementing a safety management system in the workplace, it is hoped that it can shape the safety climate and positive safety culture, which can be assessed from zero accidents, workforce behaviour and support for the safety of oneself and coworkers.&#x0D; The main objective of this research was to analyse the effect of leadership on safety climate, safety culture and safety performance. This research was conducted at a plastic packaging manufacturer, PT. Berlina Tbk Tangerang with 133 participants and used the SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) analysis method.&#x0D; The results of the research analysis showed that leadership, safety climate and safety culture have a simultaneous significant effect on 83% safety performance.
THE IMPACT OF THE TRANSFER, APPOINTMENT, AND DISMISSAL OF JUDGES ON JUDICIAL INDEPENDENCE IN LIGHT OF THE 2020 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT

Objective: The aim is to highlight the important role of the Supreme Judicial Council in the transfer, appointment, and dismissal of judges, particularly after the adoption of the justice sector modernization plan in Algeria. Additionally, it seeks to contribute to the strengthening of the Supreme Judicial Council through the 2020 constitutional amendment and its effectiveness.     Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the field of appointing, transferring, promoting, and dismissing judges, which falls under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Judicial Council according to the 2020 constitutional amendment. It also examines the council's authority in supervising judicial discipline, which entails criminal, civil, and disciplinary responsibility as stipulated in the organic law and the 2020 Constitution.     Method: The objective analytical method was used, as the subject of this study is derived from legal texts and their analysis.     Results and Discussion: The Supreme Judicial Council in Algeria continuously reviews its composition and institutions to adapt to the requirements of the constitution and the law. Its independence limits interference from any authority, including the legislative or executive branches, in the judiciary's professional path. This applies to the appointment, transfer, promotion, and dismissal of judges, and also encompasses all matters related to judges.     Research Implications: The results indicate that the 2020 Constitution has made the Supreme Judicial Council more adaptable to current developments and strengthened its independence, particularly in relation to the appointment, transfer, promotion, and dismissal of judges. However, it is necessary to ensure that the composition of the Supreme Judicial Council is exclusively comprised of members of the judiciary, and that the position of President of the Supreme Judicial Council is assigned to the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court to support guarantees.     Originality/Value: This study serves as a contribution to the field of judicial independence through the appointment, transfer, promotion, and dismissal of judges. It enhances this specialization and supports independence by referring to the 2020 constitutional amendment. The study is limited and has not been deeply explored before, providing valuable insights into the Supreme Judicial Council's efforts to strengthen judicial independence in light of the 2020 Constitution.
Future Climate Change Projections over the Indian Region

Assessments of impacts of climate change and future projections over the Indian region, have so far relied on a single regional climate model (RCM) - eg., the PRECIS RCM of the Hadley Centre, UK. While these assessments have provided inputs to various reports (e.g., INCCA 2010; NATCOMM2 2012), it is important to have an ensemble of climate projections drawn from multiple RCMs due to large uncertainties in regional-scale climate projections. Ensembles of multi-RCM projections driven under different perceivable socio-economic scenarios are required to capture the probable path of growth, and provide the behavior of future climate and impacts on various biophysical systems and economic sectors dependent on such systems.   The Centre for Climate Change Research, Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (CCCR-IITM) has generated an ensemble of high resolution downscaled projections of regional climate and monsoon over South Asia until 2100 for the Intergovernmental Panel for Climate Change (IPCC)using a RCM (ICTP-RegCM4) at 50 km horizontal resolution, by driving the regional model with lateral and lower boundary conditions from multiple global atmosphere-ocean coupled models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The future projections are based on three Representation Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (viz., RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP8.5) of the IPCC.
A Study On Business Ethics In Corporate Social Responsibility

Morals and Corporate Social Responsibility are perceived as significant worries in settling on choice in all parts of our life. What’s more, it’s adding to quicken the procedure of in general improvement of a country. India being the second most crowded nation on the planet, and have the biggest number of individuals needing essential pleasantries call for progressively escalated endeavors as a major aspect of such activities in the medicinal services space of the country. We as a whole realize that individuals take part in business to win benefit. Be that as it may, making benefit isn’t the sole capacity of the business. It performs number of social capacity as it is a piece of society. It deals with the individuals who are instrumental in making sure about its reality and endurance. Business morals are only the utilization of morals in business. It demonstrates that business can be and have been moral and still make benefits. Today increasingly more intrigue is being given to the use of moral practices in professional interactions and the moral ramifications of business. The paper dives into a far reaching comprehension of how Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility includes as idea and the explanation that urge organization in India to be socially dependable.
INTEGRATED REPORTING - THE REFLEXION FRAMEWORK OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INFORMATION

The initiative of integrated reporting contributed to the global accepting of the value-based reporting, which promises to improve the interconnectivity between the reporting of the financial information with the non-financial ones. During the last years, the drafting of integrated reports which should be easily read and contain the most essential financial and non-financial information, became necessary. The integrated reporting occurred as a new accounting practice in order to help organisations understand the way in which they create value and how they can communicate this efficiently to the interested parties. The launching of the conceptual background of the integrated reporting by the International Integrated Reporting Council (IICR) represents an important step in reforming the corporate reporting. The novelty brought consists in the holistic approach on the current and future performances of the organisation, which exceeds the limits of the historical financial information. The concept proposes to answer the current problems related to the annual reporting, considered much too thick and complex.
Biomedik Surgeon: Surgical Robotic System for Training and Simulation by Medical Students in Peru

The Mechatronic Engineer Jose Cornejo presented in his Undergraduate Thesis at Ricardo Palma University, the design of a surgical system prototype, which has an anthropomorphic robotic arm with 5 degrees of freedom called Biomedik Surgeon, used in simulation to research in the field of Biomedical Engineering, with the purpose of training the surgical skills in medical students using concepts of Medical Robotics, and in this way prepare the future physicians of Peru to offer advanced technology care in Surgery. The term Surgical Engineering was introduced, which is an area that involves the multidisciplinary work among engineers, architects and health professionals in the path of creating technologies to provide high quality care for the surgical patient and to improve the attention processes in Surgical Centers in Peru. The medical description of the Surgical Robotic System was deepened, where criteria of mechanical, electronic, electrical and software control were applied to build a prototype based on international standards of advanced technologies used in the area of surgery. Finally, the training and simulation tests in Minimally Invasive Surgery techniques were performed with the use of a cutting tool. The successful accreditation of the project was granted by the Scientific Society of Medical Students at the Faculty of Human Medicine "Manuel Huaman Guerrero" - Ricardo Palma University.
Brand Gene-Informed Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC) for the Styling Design of Motorcycle Headlights

This study aims to utilize Artificial Intelligence Generated Content (AIGC), specifically using the Stable Diffusion model to enhance the headlight design of CFMOTO's SR series motorcycles in China. The study focuses on a design strategy anchored in the brand's genetic makeup, the research delves into the visual and cultural DNA of the SR series, extracting both explicit and implicit brand genes. These insights guide the AI to both continue the brand's lineage and diversify the product design.The effectiveness of AI-generated design samples is evaluated using the entropy weight TOPSIS method. Empirical results suggest that AIGC, when guided by brand genes, more accurately captures and extends the brand's core design and values, providing new creative perspectives for motorcycle headlight design.
Digital Finance Inclusion and the Mobile Money "Social" Enterprise: A Socio-Legal Critique of M-Pesa in Kenya

Historical Social Research, 45(3), 74-94
Central bank digital currencies: alternatives, benefits and risks

Advances in financial innovation, a declining use of cash in some countries and the introduction of private digital tokens have spurred central banks to consider issuing digital currencies of their own. Central bank digital currencies(CBDCs) would introduce a new central bank liability that is different from cash and reserves or settlement balances held by commercial banks. This would change the characteristics of central bank money, notably in terms of access and remuneration. Since central banks steer the financial system by calibrating the accessibility and terms of central bank money, this could have major implications for the structure and stability of the financial system.