ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
The Curie line in protoplanetary disks and the formation of Mercury-like planets

In laboratory experiments, we heated chondritic material up to 1400 K in a hydrogen atmosphere. Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetometry reveal that, at high temperatures, metallic iron forms from silicates. The transition temperature is about 1200 K after 1 h of tempering, likely decreasing to about 1000 K for longer tempering. This implies that in a region of high temperatures within protoplanetary disks, inward drifting solids will generally be a reservoir of metallic iron. Magnetic aggregation of iron-rich matter then occurs within the magnetic field of the disk. However, the Curie temperature of iron, 1041 K, is a rather sharp discriminator that separates the disk into a region of strong magnetic interactions of ferromagnetic particles and a region of weak paramagnetic properties. We call this position in the disk the Curie line. Magnetic aggregation will be turned on and off here. On the outer, ferromagnetic side of the Curie line, large clusters of iron-rich particles grow and might be prone to streaming instabilities. To the inside of the Curie line, these clusters dissolve, but that generates a large number density that might also be beneficial for planetesimal formation by gravitational instability. One way or the other, the Curie line may define a preferred region for the formation of iron-rich bodies.
IJCM_272A: Development of a Framework for Health Information Exchange and Interoperability in a group of Teaching Hospitals: A Qualitative Study

Background:                     Health information exchange (HIE) is the electronic exchange of data or information between healthcare institutions, despite the fact that, the format and context of the information may vary. A robust HIE, which provides the seamless networking is not currently available. The gap in research pertaining mainly to Indian scenario where this study will be proposed would provide the much-needed evidence. The proposed study aims to develop a comprehensive framework for Health information exchange and interoperability for a group of teaching hospitals.                                                           Objectives:                     To understand and assess the current state, barriers and challenges related to HIE and interoperability; understand the perspectives and challenges of HIE and Interoperability among healthcare providers.                                                           Methodology:                     A qualitative study would be carried out among healthcare stakeholders which will serve in understanding the perspective and challenges of HIE and interoperability and develop a comprehensive framework for HIE and interoperability.                                                           Results:                     Coordinated care among the healthcare providers can be increased and serves in reducing the lost to follow up of patients which promotes patient quality of life and lowers the rate of mortality and morbidity. This will facilitate the quick access to the patient critical information, leading to better – informed diagnosis and treatment plans. This framework will significantly elevate the quality of care, streamline operations, will contribute to a reduction in mortality and morbidity.
Progress and Perspective on Physically Explainable Deep Learning for Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Interpretation

Deep learning technologies have been developed rapidly in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image interpretation. The current data-driven methods neglect the latent physical characteristics of SAR; thus, the predictions are highly dependent on training data and even violate physical laws. Deep integration of the theory-driven and data-driven approaches for SAR image interpretation is of vital importance. Additionally, the data-driven methods specialize in automatically discovering patterns from a large amount of data that serve as effective complements for physical processes, whereas the integrated interpretable physical models improve the explainability of deep learning algorithms and address the data-hungry problem. This study aimed to develop physically explainable deep learning for SAR image interpretation in signals, scattering mechanisms, semantics, and applications. Strategies for blending the theory-driven and data-driven methods in SAR interpretation are proposed based on physics machine learning to develop novel learnable and explainable paradigms for SAR image interpretation. Further, recent studies on hybrid methods are reviewed, including SAR signal processing, physical characteristics, and semantic image interpretation. Challenges and future perspectives are also discussed on the basis of the research status and related studies in other fields, which can serve as inspiration.
Coverage, universal access and equity in health: a characterization of scientific production in nursing

Objectives:  to characterize the scientific contribution nursing has made regarding coverage, universal access and equity in health, and to understand this production in terms of subjects and objects of study.  Material and methods:  this was cross-sectional, documentary research; the units of analysis were 97 journals and 410 documents, retrieved from the Web of Science in the category, "nursing". Descriptors associated to coverage, access and equity in health, and the Mesh thesaurus, were applied. We used bibliometric laws and indicators, and analyzed the most important articles according to amount of citations and collaboration.  Results:  the document retrieval allowed for 25 years of observation of production, an institutional and an international collaboration of 31% and 7%, respectively. The mean number of coauthors per article was 3.5, with a transience rate of 93%. The visibility index was 67.7%, and 24.6% of production was concentrated in four core journals. A review from the nursing category with 286 citations, and a Brazilian author who was the most productive, are issues worth highlighting.  Conclusions:  the nursing collective should strengthen future research on the subject, defining lines and sub-lines of research, increasing internationalization and building it with the joint participation of the academy and nursing community.
&lt;b&gt;O CONVENCIMENTO JUDICIAL E OS PARÂMETROS DE CONTROLE SOBRE O JUÍZO DE FATO: VISÃO GERAL, DIREITO COMPARADO E O TRIBUNAL PENAL INTERNACIONAL&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br/&gt;“THE JUDICIAL DISCRETION AND THE PARAMETERS OF CONTROL OVER THE FACT TRIER: OVERVIEW, COMPARATIVE LAW AND THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT”

O presente trabalho trata sobre o convencimento judicial e as possibilidades de controle do juízo de fato no âmbito processual penal. Especialmente, busca-se apresentar de forma conceitual e prática os modelos de constatação (standards de prova) como forma de se viabilizar uma instrumentação (tendencialmente) efetiva de reavaliação da análise judicial acerca da suficiência do material probatório. Para isso, foi investigado o estado da arte do tema na doutrina e, no âmbito prático, como isso tem sido aplicado pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional em suas decisões. A escolha do TPI ocorreu porque naquele tribunal vem se debatendo (e aplicando) de forma (relativamente) consistente sobre os standards de prova. Já que esta matéria tem tido pouca atenção no Brasil, procurou-se a experiência internacional para chamar a atenção sobre a sua importância e fomentar o debate por aqui.
Improving the administration of justice by military courts in Africa: An appraisal of the jurisprudence of the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights

The African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights was established to protect and promote human and peoples' rights on the African continent. This mandate extends to protecting and promoting human rights in the administration of justice by all organs that exercise judicial power, including military courts. In the execution of its mandate the African Commission has developed important jurisprudence on different aspects concerning the administration of justice by military courts. In this jurisprudence, the African Commission has expounded on what constitutes a violation of the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and how military courts should administer justice in a manner that conforms to internationally-agreed standards, especially those relating to the right to a fair trial. Through desk review, the contribution appraises this jurisprudence. In analysing this jurisprudence, the article tries to draw a comparison, especially with the jurisprudence of the Human Rights Committee and other UN-established initiatives. It is argued that although the African Commission has done fairly well in interpreting the relevant provisions of the African Charter and in laying down principles and rules that should be followed by military courts in administering justice, there is still much the Commission can do to improve the administration of justice through military courts in Africa.
Error suppression and error correction in adiabatic quantum computation II: non-equilibrium dynamics

While adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) has some robustness to noise and decoherence it is widely believed that encoding, error suppression and error correction will be required to scale AQC to large problem sizes. Previous works have established at least two different techniques for error suppression in AQC. In this paper we derive a model for describing the dynamics of encoded AQC and show that previous constructions for error suppression can be unified with this dynamical model. In addition the model clarifies the mechanisms of error suppression and allow identification of its weaknesses. In the second half of the paper we utilize our description of non-equilibrium dynamics in encoded AQC to construct methods for error correction in AQC by cooling local degrees of freedom (qubits). While this is shown to be possible in principle, we also identify the key challenge to this approach: the requirement of high-weight Hamiltonians. Finally, we use our dynamical model to perform a simplified thermal stability analysis of concatenated-stabilizer-code encoded many-body systems for AQC or quantum memories.   This work is a companion paper to "\textit{Error suppression and error correction in adiabatic quantum computation I: techniques and challenges}" (Phys. Rev. X, 3, 041013 (2013)), which provides a quantum information perspective on the techniques and limitations of error suppression and correction in AQC. In this paper we couch the same results within a dynamical framework, which allows for detailed analysis of the non-equilibrium dynamics of error suppression and correction in encoded AQC.
Characterizing the Peak in the Cosmic Microwave Background Angular Power Spectrum

A peak has been unambiguously detected in the cosmic microwave background angular spectrum. Here we characterize its properties with fits to phenomenological models. We find that the TOCO and BOOM/NA data determine the peak location to be in the range 175-243 and 151-259, respectively (at 95% confidence) and determine the peak amplitude to be between approximately 70 and 90 &mgr;K. The peak shape is consistent with inflation-inspired flat, cold dark matter plus cosmological constant models of structure formation with adiabatic, nearly scale invariant initial conditions. It is inconsistent with open models and presents a great challenge to defect models.
The United Nations Security Council and the Syrian Conflict: Exploring the Influence of Elected Members in the Context of Great Power Struggle

博士(国際協力学)
Mathematical Models in Infectious Disease Epidemiology

The idea that transmission and spread of infectious diseases follows laws that can be formulated in mathematical language is old. In 1766 Daniel Bernoulli published an article where he described the effects of smallpox variolation (a precursor of vaccination) on life expectancy using mathematical life table analysis (Dietz and Heesterbeek 2000). However, it was only in the twentieth century that the nonlinear dynamics of infectious disease transmission was really understood. In the beginning of that century there was much discussion about why an epidemic ended before all susceptibles were infected with hypotheses about changing virulence of the pathogen during the epidemic.
A Study on the Effectiveness of Human Resource Information Systems (Hris) in Improving HR Operations at One Point One Solutions, Chennai

Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) have become an essential technological tool in modern organizations for improving efficiency and managing human resource operations effectively. The increasing use of digital technologies has transformed traditional HR practices into automated and data-driven systems that enhance accuracy, reduce manual workload, and support strategic decision-making. Organizations across various industries are adopting HRIS to streamline HR functions such as recruitment, payroll, employee record maintenance, attendance tracking, and performance management. In service-based industries such as Business Process Outsourcing (BPO), effective human resource management is critical for maintaining productivity and service quality. Companies operating in competitive environments must rely on efficient HR systems to manage large employee databases and ensure timely processing of HR-related activities. The adoption of HRIS enables organizations to reduce administrative burden, improve transparency, and enhance employee satisfaction.  Despite these advantages, the effectiveness of HRIS depends on several factors including user acceptance, system usability, technical support, and integration with existing organizational systems. Poor system design, lack of training, and resistance to technological change can reduce the benefits of HRIS implementation. Therefore, evaluating the effectiveness of HRIS in organizational settings is necessary to identify performance gaps and improvement areas. This study focuses on assessing the effectiveness of HRIS at One Point One Solutions, Chennai. The research examines the influence of HRIS on HR operations and identifies the challenges associated with its implementation. The findings of the study will help organizations improve HRIS utilization and enhance overall HR performance Keywords: HRIS, HR Technology, Automation, Organizational Efficiency, HR Operations
Interpretable deep learning regression for breast density estimation on MRI

Breast density, which is the ratio between fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and total breast volume, can be assessed qualitatively by radiologists and quantitatively by computer algorithms. These algorithms often rely on segmentation of breast and FGT volume. In this study, we propose a method to directly assess breast density on MRI, and provide interpretations of these assessments.   We assessed breast density in 506 patients with breast cancer using a regression convolutional neural network (CNN). The input for the CNN were slices of breast MRI of 128 x 128 voxels, and the output was a continuous density value between 0 (fatty breast) and 1 (dense breast). We used 350 patients to train the CNN, 75 for validation, and 81 for independent testing. We investigated why the CNN came to its predicted density using Deep SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).   The density predicted by the CNN on the testing set was significantly correlated with the ground truth densities (N = 81 patients, Spearman's rho = 0.86, P < 0.001). When inspecting what the CNN based its predictions on, we found that voxels in FGT commonly had positive SHAP-values, voxels in fatty tissue commonly had negative SHAP-values, and voxels in non-breast tissue commonly had SHAP-values near zero. This means that the prediction of density is based on the structures we expect it to be based on, namely FGT and fatty tissue.   To conclude, we presented an interpretable deep learning regression method for breast density estimation on MRI with promising results.
Biology, phylogenetic and evolutionary relations of Tradescantia mild mosaic virus isolates from Hungary

AbstractIn Western Transdanubia in 2018 and in Central-Hungary in 2022 spiderwort plants showed flower breaking symptoms and mild mosaic on the foliage, which indicated a potential virus infection. One gram of symptomatic leaf sample was collected at both locations. Potyvirus-specific ELISA tests demonstrated potyvirus infection. To identify the virus species, potyvirus-specific RT-PCR was carried out on the samples. In both samples specific PCR products were detected and cloned into pGEM®-T Easy vector. The nucleotide sequences of the inserts were determined by Sanger sequencing. BLASTn searches on the complete coat protein region of both isolates demonstrated more than 99.87% identity with Tradescantia mild mosaic virus (TraMMV; accession number OL584375). Koch postulates were fulfilled by sap inoculating seed grown spiderwort plants. Phylogenetic analyses of the TraMMV coat protein sequences revealed two distinct evolutionary lineages: a tropical subgroup with at least 97.84% identity within the group and temperate subgroup with at least 98.97% identity within the group. One major difference between the subgroups was in the triplet responsible for vector transmission. The isolates belonging to the tropical subgroup had DAG triplets, while the temperate subgroup had NAG triplets. The difference in the triplets could be caused by natural diversification, directional selection or disruptive selection.License: CC BY-NC-ND
Missed Nursing Care and Clinical Decision Support: Can Electronic Nursing Worklist Reminders Help Reduce This Quality and Patient Safety Concern?

Missed nursing care results in poor patient and organizational outcomes. Ambulation is one of the most frequently reported types of missed nursing care and has been linked to increased inpatient falls, additional hospitalization costs, and a longer average length of stay. The need for nurses to prioritize care in the presence of inadequate staffing, task complexity, time pressure, and interruptions may be a contributing factor to missed nursing care, yet there has been inattention to interventions that support nurse decision-making in the presence of these factors. The purpose of this project was to implement an electronic nursing worklist reminder, a type of clinical decision support, to remind nurses to complete patient ambulation and evaluate the impact of the reminder on missed nursing care specific to ambulation and its documentation, patient falls rates, and nurse perception of missed ambulation and clinical decision support.       Electronic nursing worklist reminders are a form of clinical decision support within the Electronic Health Record that may support nurse decision-making and reduce missed nursing care. An electronic nursing worklist reminder was added to the electronic health record on one general medicine unit to remind nurses to complete patient ambulation. Data on missed ambulation were collected pre- and post-intervention. Patient falls rates were compared and a survey designed to gather demographic data and evaluate RN perception of missed ambulation and clinical decision support was also administered.  Analysis revealed an increase in patient ambulation, indicated by the presence of nursing documentation. There was no significant        difference in patient falls rates. Nurses perceived significantly less missed ambulation on the unit overall, but no significant difference in individual completion of ambulation or perception of clinical decision support. Electronic nursing care reminders can reduce missed nursing care specific to ambulation, and potentially other types of missed nursing care. Patients in the hospital setting who are at risk for functional decline due to missed ambulation may benefit from an electronic nursing worklist reminder that reminds nurses to complete ambulation.
Statutory Occupational Health and Safety Workplace Arrangements for the                 Modern Labour Market

Over the past 20 years there has been a significant refashioning of the labour market within Australia and other industrialised countries. This paper examines the implications of the growth of more flexible work arrangements for mechanisms designed to facilitate worker involvement in occupational health and safety at the workplace—a pivotal feature of post-Robens OHS legislation in Australia. It is argued that the growth of subcontracting, casual and home-based work has undermined both coverage and the effectiveness of these provisions, especially in a context where union membership and influence has also been declining. Looking at international experience, the paper examines a number of ways of remedying these deficiencies.
ESENIAS and DIAS networks and highlights of the 7th ESENIAS Workshop with Scientific Conference 'Networking and Regional Cooperation towards Invasive Alien Species Prevention and Management in Europe'

Recently, the introductions and spread of invasive alien species (IAS) in Europe have increased and different regions are affected by their impact (East and South Europe, Danube Region). Two new regional networks have been created and developed: The East and South European Network for Invasive Alien Species (ESENIAS) and the Danube Region Invasive Alien Species Network (DIAS). Information about the establishment, structure, mission and activities of the two networks is presented. ESENIAS promotes awareness raising and capacity building initiatives at yearly workshops, conducts scientific research and exchanges and disseminates IAS information and research results by the ESENIAS Internet portal (www. esenias.org) and by joint publications. The largest project implemented by the ESENIAS countries is the ESENIAS-TOOLS project funded by the Financial Mechanism of the European Economic Area 2009- 2014. Currently, DIAS focuses on the completion of the DIAS strategy and work plan, as well as on the implementation of the Danube-IASapp project funded by the European Commission. The 7th ESENIAS Workshop with Scientific Conference 'Networking and Regional Cooperation Towards Invasive Alien Species Prevention and Management in Europe', co-organised by the Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, ESENIAS and DIAS, was held on 28-30 March 2017, in Sofia, Bulgaria. The scientific outcomes of the Conference are reviewed here under the following topics: 1) Alien species trends in the ESENIAS countries: Introduction and establishment success; 2) Alien species trends in the ESENIAS countries: Range expansion; 3) Vectors and pathways of introduction and spread of alien species in the ESENIAS countries; 4) Invasive alien species traits; 5) Invasive alien species impact in the ESENIAS countries; and 6) Invasive alien species prevention and management.
The implementation of the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 on Libya

In the early months of 2011 the peaceful protesters of the Qaddafi-regime were violently repressed by the Libyan authorities. The situation lead to the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 1973 on Libya, which authorized armed force to protect the civilian population. This thesis examines the principle of the responsibility to protect and its application in resolution 1973. Further, the thesis addresses whether the coalition forces implementing resolution 1973 have acted within the scope of the given mandate. The specific issues discussed are whether resolution 1973 justifies targeting of the Qaddafi-regime, whether the coalition forces were authorized to supply the Libyan rebels with arms and whether resolution 1973 permits the coalition forces to deploy ground forces in Libya.