ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Food Security by Moving towards a Sustainable Agricultural System: A Case Study of Algeria in Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study searches to analyze the mutual effects of the food security and agriculture sectors in Algeria, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as to study the various programs and funds that Algeria has harnessed to enhance its food security by upgrading the agricultural sector and ensuring its sustainability. The study concluded the need to take care of the sustainability of the agricultural system by preserving the environment and ensuring the rights of future generations to the same extent that guarantees abundantagricultural production, which would enhance Algeria's ability to provide food and improve the quality of life for individuals, especially in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. Also, the study concluded several strategic proposals to support the Agriculture Division in Algeria, along with financing programs that allow the sustainability of the sector in order to enhance food security.
Structure and electrochemistry of B doped Li(Li0.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54)1-B O2 as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract   Migration of transition metal (TM) ions to tetrahedral sites plays a crucial role on structural transformation and electrochemical behaviors for Li-rich layered oxides. Here, incorporating small B3+ in the tetrahedral interstice is employed to block the migration channel of TM ions and stabilize the crystal structure. Benefiting from their good structural stability, Li-rich layered materials with B-doped Li1.198Ni0.129Co0.129Mn0.535B0.01O2 and Li1.196Ni0.127Co0.127Mn0.529B0.02O2, exhibit excellent cycling performance and voltage stability. After 51 cycles at 0.2 C, 1 mol.% boron incorporated sample can deliver 211 mAh g−1 with capacity retention of 89.9%, which is much higher than that of the undoped sample of 177 mAh g−1 with the retention of 79.2%. Moreover, the declined voltage per cycle decreases from 3.6885 mV to 2.7530 mV after 2 mol.% boron doping. XRD patterns after extended cycling verified the suppression of the structural transformation by the incorporation of boron.
Conservation agroecology on organic rice farming through modified environmental model in sustainability

The purpose of this study is to conserve sustainability in organic rice agroecology to preserve the environment from pollutants. Organic farming is a cultivation system that focuses on environmental indicators and sustainability. This research was conducted at the organic rice centre in Penanggal Village, Lumajang District, East Java, Indonesia. The research stages comprised a community typology assessment of organic farming systems referring to SNI 6729:2016. Evaluation and monitoring of environmental quality such as water quality, environmental biological indicators, and agroecology components in agricultural areas. Water quality monitoring results in the upstream and midstream regions are well monitored. Water quality monitoring is inequality standard class III with the designation of irrigation and agricultural cultivation, the results that do not comply with the standard are located in the DO parameter 1.5 mg/L (upstream) and an average of 0.6 mg/L (middle). Indicators do not meet the standards in the BOD parameter (middle), namely 6.40 mg/L and 6.53 mg/L. The biological component in organic system waters has a high diversity index value of 2.007 (upstream) and 1.842 (middle). The indicator is characterized by the number of plankton and benthic species found in the flow of water sources.
A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model to Predict Potential Drug–Drug Interactions and Inform Dosing of Acumapimod, an Oral p38 MAPK Inhibitor

Acumapimod, an investigational oral p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase inhibitor for treatment during severe acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and is a P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrate. Concerns about drug–drug interactions (DDIs) have meant patients receiving drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 were ineligible for acumapimod trials. We report on how 2 acumapimod clinical DDI studies and a physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model assessing how co‐administration of a weak (azithromycin) and strong (itraconazole) CYP3A4 inhibitor affected acumapimod systemic exposure, informed decision making and supported concomitant use of CYP3A4 and P‐gp inhibitors. Studies MBCT102 and MBCT103, respectively, demonstrated that co‐administration of azithromycin or itraconazole had no clinically meaningful impact on acumapimod pharmacokinetics. Findings were consistent with PBPK model results. Safety profiles were similar when acumapimod was co‐administered with azithromycin or itraconazole. These studies highlight the value of PBPK modeling in drug development, and its potential to inform DDI investigations.
Outsourcing the responsibility to protect: humanitarian intervention and private military and security companies

States have recently agreed that there is a responsibility to protect populations threatened by genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. The international community, however, often lacks the resources and willingness to carry out a key part of this responsibility, that is, to undertake humanitarian intervention effectively when required. One potential solution to this problem is to outsource intervention to private military and security companies. In this article, I consider this option. In particular, I present a largely consequentialist argument which asserts that, when two conditions are met, using these companies to bolster the capacity to undertake humanitarian intervention might be morally justifiable overall.
Supplemental Material, Barnert_18-08-0041_Appendix_2 - Physical Health, Medical Care Access, and Medical Insurance Coverage of Youth Returning Home After Incarceration: A Systematic Review

Supplemental Material, Barnert_18-08-0041_Appendix_2 for Physical Health, Medical Care Access, and Medical Insurance Coverage of Youth Returning Home After Incarceration: A Systematic Review by Elizabeth Barnert, Ava Sun, Laura S. Abrams and Paul J. Chung in Journal of Correctional Health Care
Multitask AET with Orthogonal Tangent Regularity for Dark Object Detection

Dark environment becomes a challenge for computer vision algorithms owing to insufficient photons and undesirable noise. To enhance object detection in a dark environment, we propose a novel multitask auto encoding transformation (MAET) model which is able to explore the intrinsic pattern behind illumination translation. In a self-supervision manner, the MAET learns the intrinsic visual structure by encoding and decoding the realistic illumination-degrading transformation considering the physical noise model and image signal processing (ISP).   Based on this representation, we achieve the object detection task by decoding the bounding box coordinates and classes. To avoid the over-entanglement of two tasks, our MAET disentangles the object and degrading features by imposing an orthogonal tangent regularity. This forms a parametric manifold along which multitask predictions can be geometrically formulated by maximizing the orthogonality between the tangents along the outputs of respective tasks. Our framework can be implemented based on the mainstream object detection architecture and directly trained end-to-end using normal target detection datasets, such as VOC and COCO. We have achieved the state-of-the-art performance using synthetic and real-world datasets. Code is available at https://github.com/cuiziteng/MAET.
Carbon Footprint Study of Bamboo Scrimber Products Based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

Conducting carbon footprint studies on bamboo scrimber products based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can quantitatively declare its environmental performance and further the cleaner-production improvement. This study established a life cycle model and inventory data set for bamboo scrimber flooring from "cradle to gate," accurately quantifying carbon emissions during raw material transportation and product production stages. Two types of bamboo scrimber flooring processes (deep carbon and shallow carbon). In addition, this study compared the carbon footprints of products processed using bamboo scrimber flooring and bamboo plywood template production methods. Results showed that the carbon emissions during the processing of 1m³ of deep carbon and shallow carbon bamboo scrimber flooring were 1845.99 kg CO2 e and 1570.85 kg CO2 e respectively. When coupling the carbon storage of raw material supply and product usage stages, the life-cycle carbon footprints for 1m³ of deep carbon and shallow carbon bamboo scrimber flooring were 962.23 kg CO2 e and 677.86 kg CO2 e, respectively. The carbon emissions and life cycle carbon footprint for the processing of bamboo plywood templates were 1435.55 kg CO2 e and 640.23 kg CO2 e, respectively. Analysis of different these processes and effects that found adhesives had the greatest impact on the carbon footprint.
Optimalisasi Penggunaan Human Resource Information System (HRIS) pada Human Capital Administration of The Foundation

The Foundation is a non-profit organization that focuses on education and empowerment of women in micro-enterprises (MSMEs). The Foundation has several community activity programs such as scholarship programs, batik learning houses, learning house programs for underprivileged community groups, etc. Community Service Activities carried out by STIE Trisakti at The Foundation aim to help organizations improve the accuracy and completeness of data on the HRIS (Human Resource Information System) used by The Foundation so that the process of managing Human Resource (HR) management activities becomes more efficient and appropriate. The STIE Trisakti Community Service Team together with The Foundation team carry out activities to apply management science, especially human resource management, to optimize the use of HRIS as a solution for managing organizational HR by updating employee data through the process of collecting the latest employee data and filling out employee data update forms continuously. The use of HRIS in routine activities is the responsibility of the HC administration unit so that the available data is accurate and can minimize errors that generally occur in the process of organizational HR management activities. Accurate employee data information is an important part of the HR management process to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in achieving success goals.
Learning from the law to address uncertainty in the precautionary principle

Environmentalists have advocated the Precautionary Principle (PP) to help guide public and private decisions about the environment. By contrast, industry and its spokesmen have opposed this. There is not one principle, but many that have been recommendedfor this purpose. Despite the attractiveness of a core idea in all versions of the principle--that decision-makers should take some precautionary steps to ensure that threats of serious and irreversible damage to the environment and public health do not materialize into harm--even one of the most widely endorsed principles needs considerable specification and refinement before it can be used. Moreover, the PP is an approach or guide to utilizing scientific evidence in social or legal decision-making contexts. In this it does not differ in kind from other approaches to using factual information such as in the law. The law provides some models for different strategies to guide decision-making under uncertainty when factual issues cannot be resolved with certainty. These in turn can help guide the formulation of different versions of PP and help clarify some presuppositions of the principle. Once some plausible versions of PP are articulated, I suggest some applications to existing environmental problems.
Promoting transparency and accountability towards anti-corruption in pharmaceutical procurement system: does e-procurement play a significant role?

PurposeUnderstanding the interplay between transparency, accountability and e-procurement and their collective contribution to anti-corruption efforts in public procurement is crucial for developing effective strategies and policies. This research seeks to investigate whether e-procurement plays a significant role in enhancing transparency and accountability and subsequently reducing corruption risks in the public pharmaceutical procurement system.Design/methodology/approachThe study employed a cross-sectional questionnaire survey to gather data from 274 procurement personnel and pharmacists working in 28 government-owned hospitals in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania. The collected data were then analysed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Hayes PROCESS macro to test the study hypotheses.FindingsThe study findings revealed a negative and significant relationship between transparency and procurement corruption (ß = −0.117, p &lt; 0.008). Moreover, accountability negatively and significantly affects procurement corruption (ß = −0.162, p = 0.006). Furthermore, the findings indicate that, at a high degree of e-procurement system implementation, transparency and accountability have a stronger impact on procurement anti-corruption measures.Practical implicationsPolicymakers and decision-makers should implement robust mechanisms that enhance transparency, accountability and anti-corruption efforts. These may include providing clear and accessible information on procurement processes, efficient mechanisms for monitoring and reporting procurement irregularities and continuous improvement of e-procurement systems. By incorporating these measures and nurturing collaboration amongst procurement stakeholders, it becomes possible to foster a procurement environment characterised by integrity, fairness, accountability and reduced corruption.Originality/valueWhilst previous studies delved into exploring the effect of transparency and accountability on procurement anti-corruption, the novelty of this study is the inclusion of e-procurement as a moderating variable in the relationship between transparency, accountability and anti-corruption. By so doing, this study adds to the existing body of knowledge regarding anti-corruption measures and offers valuable practical insights for policymakers and professionals aiming to enhance transparency, accountability and ethical conduct within the public pharmaceutical procurement system.
EDGE COMPUTING AND CLOUD SYNERGY: OPTIMIZING LATENCY AND BANDWIDTH FOR IOT APPLICATIONS THROUGH DISTRIBUTED CLOUD-EDGE ARCHITECTURES

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has introduced significant challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and system reliability in cloud-based infrastructures. This study investigates the potential of integrating edge computing with cloud architectures to optimize these critical parameters for IoT applications. Through performance testing, qualitative expert interviews, and case study analysis, we examine the impact of edge-cloud synergy on latency reduction, bandwidth optimization, throughput improvement, and system stability. Our data verifies that edge computing reduces latency between 66% and 73% specifically for real-time applications which include autonomous cars and smart healthcare systems.  A data processing shift to edge devices leads to the utilization of 75% of bandwidth which reduces cloud system demands.  Through edge-field and cloud combinations processors achieve an enhanced throughput of 66% to 80%.  The reliability of systems experiences improvement due to decreased failure rates which surpass conventional cloud-only systems by up to 60%.  Although these advantages exist security problems along with resource challenges continue to emerge due to the necessity for secure data transfers and effective load balancing according to experts.  The research supplies valuable knowledge about future IoT system deployments that scale while being dependable and high-performing and demonstrates the benefits of edge-cloud integration for addressing cloud infrastructure limitations.
Intellectual Property in the Age of the Environmental Crisis: How Trademarks and Copyright Challenge the Human Right to a Healthy Environment

AbstractIn the face of the escalating environmental crisis driven by overconsumption, there is a growing recognition of the urgent need for environmental consciousness and a sustainable, circular economy. Practices like repair, refurbishment, and fashion upcycling have emerged as tangible efforts to mitigate the negative effects of this crisis. Perhaps unexpectedly, however, trademark and copyright laws clash with these endeavours, placing obstacles to sustainability goals. This paper contributes to the emerging literature devoted to studying this problem by undertaking the first in-depth analysis of the issue from a human rights law perspective. It specifically investigates the nature, scope, impact on, and consequences for intellectual property protection of the evolving human right to a healthy environment. Following a short introduction (1), the paper delves into the legal nature of obstacles posed by trademark and copyright protection to environmental sustainability (2), scrutinizes the human right to a healthy environment with a European emphasis (3), and proposes strategies for reconciling trademark and copyright protection with this fundamental right (4). The key findings are summarised at the end (5).
Artificial Intelligence and Generative Models for Materials Discovery -- A Review

High throughput experimentation tools, machine learning (ML) methods, and open material databases are radically changing the way new materials are discovered. From the experimentally driven approach in the past, we are moving quickly towards the artificial intelligence (AI) driven approach, realizing the 'inverse design' capabilities that allow the discovery of new materials given the desired properties. This review aims to discuss different principles of AI-driven generative models that are applicable for materials discovery, including different materials representations available for this purpose. We will also highlight specific applications of generative models in designing new catalysts, semiconductors, polymers, or crystals while addressing challenges such as data scarcity, computational cost, interpretability, synthesizability, and dataset biases. Emerging approaches to overcome limitations and integrate AI with experimental workflows will be discussed, including multimodal models, physics informed architectures, and closed-loop discovery systems. This review aims to provide insights for researchers aiming to harness AI's transformative potential in accelerating materials discovery for sustainability, healthcare, and energy innovation.
The role of courts in protecting indigenous peoples\' rights to land and resources in Kenya and South Africa

No Abstract. East African Journal of Peace and Human Rights  Vol. 13 (2) 2007 pp. 240-269
Systematic Pharmacogenomics Analysis of a Malay Whole Genome: Proof of Concept for Personalized Medicine

With a higher throughput and lower cost in sequencing, second generation sequencing technology has immense potential for translation into clinical practice and in the realization of pharmacogenomics based patient care. The systematic analysis of whole genome sequences to assess patient to patient variability in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics responses towards drugs would be the next step in future medicine in line with the vision of personalizing medicine.Genomic DNA obtained from a 55 years old, self-declared healthy, anonymous male of Malay descent was sequenced. The subject's mother died of lung cancer and the father had a history of schizophrenia and deceased at the age of 65 years old. A systematic, intuitive computational workflow/pipeline integrating custom algorithm in tandem with large datasets of variant annotations and gene functions for genetic variations with pharmacogenomics impact was developed. A comprehensive pathway map of drug transport, metabolism and action was used as a template to map non-synonymous variations with potential functional consequences.Over 3 million known variations and 100,898 novel variations in the Malay genome were identified. Further in-depth pharmacogenetics analysis revealed a total of 607 unique variants in 563 proteins, with the eventual identification of 4 drug transport genes, 2 drug metabolizing enzyme genes and 33 target genes harboring deleterious SNVs involved in pharmacological pathways, which could have a potential role in clinical settings.The current study successfully unravels the potential of personal genome sequencing in understanding the functionally relevant variations with potential influence on drug transport, metabolism and differential therapeutic outcomes. These will be essential for realizing personalized medicine through the use of comprehensive computational pipeline for systematic data mining and analysis.
Risk Assessment in Bridge Construction Projects Using Fault Tree and Event Tree Analysis Methods Based on Fuzzy Logic

In this paper, interruption risk in construction activities of bridge projects is assessed in order to identify the main causes of its occurrence and also to determine the potential outcomes resulted from the risk occurrence. To do this, fault tree and event tree analysis (ETA) methods are applied. As the application of the traditional approach of these two methods is difficult in many cases due to limited access to information, fuzzy arithmetic can be considered as a useful tool. In this research, first, fault tree structure is created according to consequences resulted from the Delphi method. Then, the probability of risk occurrence is calculated by applying fault tree analysis (FTA) based on fuzzy logic. By establishing the structure of fault tree related to the failure risk of mitigation strategies, the main causes relating to failure of strategies are identified. The structure of the event tree is created using the obtained results; moreover, the expected monetary value (EMV) of risk event is computed. Finally, to validate the results obtained, a model is created by Monte Carlo simulation and then the results obtained by applying the two methods are compared. The EMV of the risk event evaluated in this paper is determined to be 9.93% of the project baseline cost.