ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Dispute resolution with the participation of a judge, mediation, amicable agreement, dispute resolution in an arbitration court as measures of alternative dispute resolution

В статті зазначається, що відповідно до пілотних рішень Європейського суду з прав людини Україна має розвивати інститут примирення сторін. Інноваційним правовим інститутом, який було запроваджено в систему цивільного процесуального права України, став інститут врегулювання спору за участю судді. В 2021 році було прийнято Закон України «Про медіацію», який визначив правові засади та порядок проведення медіації як позасудової процедури врегулювання конфлікту (спору), принципи медіації, статус медіатора, вимоги до його підготовки та інші питання, пов’язані з цією процедурою. Вплив на цей Закон здійснила Директива про медіацію від 21 травня 2008 р. Виділяються спільні та відмінні риси таких заходів альтернативного вирішення спорів, як врегулювання спору за участю судді, медіація, мирова угода, врегулювання спору в третейському суді. Спільними рисами є такі: мета – мирне врегулювання спору; підстава – згода сторін; звернення особи до суду не є перепоною для застосування будь-якого з засобів мирного врегулювання спору; на початку застосування процедури мирного врегулювання спора особа, яка її проводить, зобов’язана роз’яснити сторонам мету, порядок проведення врегулювання спору, права та обов’язки сторін; учасники, а також суб’єкти, що забезпечують проведення врегулювання спору за участю судді, медіації, мирової угоди, третейського суду, не мають права розголошувати конфіденційну інформацію; засоби мирного врегулювання спорів не застосовуються, якщо вони можуть вплинути на права і законні інтереси третіх осіб, які не є учасниками врегулювання спору; вразі, якщо «у справу вступила» третя особа, яка заявляє самостійні вимоги щодо предмета спору – заборонено проводити врегулювання спору за допомогою цих засобів; сторона спору має право припинити застосування мирного засобу врегулювання спору; застосування засобів мирного врегулювання спору не може порушувати права та інтереси інших осіб, інтереси держави чи суспільні інтереси. Виділено відмінні риси врегулювання спору за участю судді, медіації, мирової угоди, врегулювання спору в третейському суді. Акцентовано увагу, що на відміну від врегулювання спору за участю судді, законодавством України встановлюються обмеження щодо підвідомчості справ третейським судам (ст. 6 Закону України «Про третейські суди»), а також можуть передбачатися особливості проведення медіації в окремих категоріях конфліктів (спорів) (ч. 2 п. 1 ст. 3 Закону України «Про медіацію»).
Statistical Mechanics of Phase Transitions and Kinetics

A brief overview of the equilibrium statistical mechanics. Recap of the ideal gas law. Corrections to the ideal gas law. The van der Waals equation of state. Two phase coexistence. The Maxwell rule. The Flory-Huggins theory of polymer solutions. Phase transitions and phase diagrams. Metastable states. Application to chemical reactions. Chemical equilibrium in solutions. Derivation of the Dalton, Raoult, Henry and Van't-Hoff laws. Concepts of the non-equilibrium statistical mechanics. Kinetics of phase transitions.
The elements of sistemic analysis of legislation on the issues of protection of minors’ rights in the activity of Russian state authorities (on the basis of analytical materials of the committee of the federation council of Russia on constitutional legislation and state reforms)

The present scientific summary gives brief generalization of essential arguments provided by the Committee of the Federation Council of Russia on constitutional legislation and state reforms for the meetings and parliamentary hearings devoted to the topic “Issues on improvement of legislation on minors’ rights”. Special attention is given to the examples of systemic analysis of legislation in this area as one of the elements of scientific and methodical provision of legal regulation of issues of protection of minors’ rights.
Responsibility Convergence in Organizational Investigations: Structural Dynamics of Blame in Root Cause Analysis

Organizational investigations such as root cause analysis (RCA) are intended to identify systemic causes of failure and support organizational learning. Yet across regulated and safety-critical environments, investigative conclusions recurrently stabilize responsibility at identifiable individuals despite formal commitments to system-oriented explanation. This persistent actor-centered pattern presents a theoretical puzzle: why do investigative systems designed to diffuse responsibility across sociotechnical structures so often concentrate accountability at particular organizational members? This paper develops a structural explanation for this recurrent stabilization dynamic, termed responsibility convergence. Responsibility convergence refers to the patterned concentration of accountability at identifiable actors when investigative processes translate causal ambiguity into administratively actionable conclusions. The framework specifies how convergence arises from the interaction of three mechanisms: procedural ambiguity, attributional closure pressure, and accountability legibility bias. Under conditions of underdetermined causal reconstruction, organizations face institutional pressure to stabilize responsibility assignments. Identifiable individuals constitute the most interpretable and administratively actionable attribution anchors within accountability infrastructures. As a result, attribution systematically concentrates on actors rather than distributed structural conditions. By situating investigative convergence within broader organizational responsibility alignment dynamics, the paper clarifies why system-oriented investigative frameworks recurrently produce actor-centered accountability outcomes. The analysis develops a mechanism-based account of convergence, derives theoretical propositions, and outlines implications for organizational learning and accountability system design.
The Role of Time, Weather and Google Trends in Understanding and Predicting Web Survey Response

In the literature about web survey methodology, significant efforts have been made to understand the role of time-invariant factors (e.g. gender, education and marital status) in (non-)response mechanisms. Time-invariant factors alone, however, cannot account for most variations in (non-)responses, especially fluctuations of response rates over time. This observation inspires us to investigate the counterpart of time-invariant factors, namely time-varying factors and the potential role they play in web survey (non-)response. Specifically, we study the effects of time, weather and societal trends (derived from Google Trends data) on the daily (non-)response patterns of the 2016 and 2017 Dutch Health Surveys. Using discrete-time survival analysis, we find, among others, that weekends, holidays, pleasant weather, disease outbreaks and terrorism salience are associated with fewer responses. Furthermore, we show that using these variables alone achieves satisfactory prediction accuracy of both daily and cumulative response rates when the trained model is applied to future unseen data. This approach has the further benefit of requiring only non-personal contextual information and thus involving no privacy issues. We discuss the implications of the study for survey research and data collection.
Protecting Children from Sexual Violence in Armed Conflict under International Humanitarian Law

Children enjoy special protection from the harms of armed conflict under international humanitarian law. While the protection of children in armed conflict has been widely researched with regard to recruitment and use of children in armed conflict, the research on protection of children from sexual violence has received less attention. In this paper I look at the protection of children in relation to sexual violence under international humanitarian law and its actualisation in the practise of international criminal courts and tribunals. I consider first how the protection of children from sexual violence under international humanitarian law made its way to Conventions. Second, I explore the case law of sexual violence as a war crime in international courts and tribunals and how the special protection of children is reflected in the case law. I argue that despite a gradual improvement, the provisions of the Conventions have not been recognised particularly well. While there have been cases in which more attention has been paid to sexual violence against children, the practice is mostly incoherent and sporadic: there exists a discrepancy between the Conventions, and the practice of international criminal courts and tribunals.
Exploiting the complexity of the genome and transcriptome using pharmacogenomics towards personalized medicine

A report of the 8th annual Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Therapy meeting, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, USA, 17-21 November 2010.
Literature review on antimicrobial resistance and new therapeutic strategies: Development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies and antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health challenge, amplified by the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. This study reviews the development of new antibiotics, alternative therapies, and the implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs in hospitals as crucial strategies to address this problem.
Semantically-Oriented Mutation Operator in Cartesian Genetic Programming for Evolutionary Circuit Design

Despite many successful applications, Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) suffers from limited scalability, especially when used for evolutionary circuit design. Considering the multiplier design problem, for example, the 5x5-bit multiplier represents the most complex circuit evolved from a randomly generated initial population. The efficiency of CGP highly depends on the performance of the point mutation operator, however, this operator is purely stochastic. This contrasts with the recent developments in Genetic Programming (GP), where advanced informed approaches such as semantic-aware operators are incorporated to improve the search space exploration capability of GP. In this paper, we propose a semantically-oriented mutation operator (SOMO) suitable for the evolutionary design of combinational circuits. SOMO uses semantics to determine the best value for each mutated gene. Compared to the common CGP and its variants as well as the recent versions of Semantic GP, the proposed method converges on common Boolean benchmarks substantially faster while keeping the phenotype size relatively small. The successfully evolved instances presented in this paper include 10-bit parity, 10+10-bit adder and 5x5-bit multiplier. The most complex circuits were evolved in less than one hour with a single-thread implementation running on a common CPU.
Predicting the structures and vibrational spectra of molecular crystals containing large molecules with the generalized energy-based fragmentation approach

The generalized energy-based fragmentation (GEBF) approach under periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) has been developed to facilitate calculations of molecular crystals containing large molecules. The PBC-GEBF approach can help predict structures and properties of molecular crystals at different theory levels by performing molecular quantum chemistry calculations on a series of non-periodic subsystems constructed from the studied systems. A more rigorous formula of the forces on translational vectors of molecular crystals was proposed and implemented, enabling more reliable predictions of crystal structures. Our benchmark results on several typical molecular crystals show that the PBC-GEBF approach could reproduce the forces on atoms and the translational vectors and the optimized crystal structures from the corresponding conventional periodic methods. The improved PBC-GEBF approach is then applied to predict the crystal structures and vibrational spectra of two molecular crystals containing large molecules. The PBC-GEBF approach can provide a satisfactory description on the crystal structure of a molecular crystal containing 312 atoms in a unit cell at density-fitting second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory and density functional theory (DFT) levels and the infrared vibrational spectra of another molecular crystal containing 864 atoms in a unit cell at the DFT level. The PBC-GEBF approach is expected to be a promising theoretical tool for electronic structure calculations on molecular crystals containing large molecules.
Japanese insurers’ attitudes toward adverse selection and genetic discrimination: a questionnaire survey and interviews with employees about using genetic test results

Abstract                   Since the 1990s, insurance has been the primary field focused on the social disadvantages of using genetic test results because of the concerns related to adverse selection. Although life insurance is popular in Japan, Japan does not currently have any regulations on the use of genetic information and insurers have largely kept silent for decades. To reveal insurers’ attitudes on the topic, we conducted an anonymous questionnaire survey with 100 insurance company employees and recruited nine interviewees from the survey respondents. We found that genetic discrimination is not generally considered as a topic of human rights. We also found that insurers have uncertain fears and concerns about adverse selection in terms of actuarial fairness but not regarding profits. When it comes to preparing guidelines on the use of genetic information by Japanese insurers, we believe that public dialog and consultation are necessary to gain understanding of the people.
An application (ePRO) -based patient reported outcomes of quality of life from an innovative cancer care delivery model.

e23176  Background: With the accessibility of smartphones, it has become possible to develop applications for patient-reported outcomes. Quality of life (QoL) is an important measure in oncology research. We developed a phone application that could use any standardized form to be filled in by the patient. Here, we report using the EORTC questionnaire, QLQ-C30, built into the application as a form for data collection from our ongoing district cancer care program, which offers support at government district hospitals in India using an alternate oncology work force. Methods: An application (ePRO) was created, which allows one doctor administrator to follow the patients. Once the application is downloaded, the patient opens the QoL questionnaire (QLQ-C30), built into the application, and completes it using a smartphone. The researcher downloaded the data in Excel format and analyzed it. The application was attempted at a tertiary cancer center and a public hospital district cancer unit. A cross-sectional study was conducted over six months in 2023.The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The application was downloaded and activated on the smartphones of 441 patients. Patients completed the form available through the application. Of all the respondents, 229 (51.9%) were male and 212 (48.1%) were female. The mean QoL of the tertiary hospital was 69.29, with a standard deviation (SD) of 18.98.The QoL scores were 50.94 (SD 23.50) in district hospital 1 and 77.01 (SD 17.35) in district hospital 2. The difference between one district and the other was significant (p &lt; 0.001). The symptom scale scores varied between district hospitals and other hospitals. Conclusions: This presentation serves two purposes: to validate a new patient-reported outcome application and to provide data on QoL from peripheral centers compared with tertiary centers. The use of technology is feasible and can help gather patient-reported outcomes easily. There appears to be a difference in the quality of life of patients from different geographical locations. [Table: see text]
Figure 1 from Blood-Based Genomic Alteration Signature for Predicting Progression-Free Survival in &lt;i&gt;De Novo&lt;/i&gt; Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: A Real-World Study

&lt;p&gt;Study design and patient cohort selection.&lt;/p&gt;
Leveraging Emerging Technologies to Revolutionize Occupational Health and Safety: Enhancing Workplace Well-Being and Productivity

ABSTRACT  The rapid advancement of emerging technologies has created unprecedented opportunities to transform occupational health and safety (OHS) practices, enhancing workplace well-being and productivity. This study explores the role of technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), wearable devices, and virtual reality (VR) in revolutionizing OHS. The primary objective of the research is to examine how these technologies can be leveraged to improve workplace safety, reduce occupational hazards, and boost employee productivity. Additionally, the study investigates the challenges and barriers to adopting these technologies in diverse organizational settings. A quantitative research approach was adopted where quantitative surveys were used. Data was collected from 200 professionals across various industries, including manufacturing, construction, and healthcare, to capture a broad perspective on the adoption and impact of emerging technologies in OHS. The findings reveal that AI-driven predictive analytics and IoT-enabled real-time monitoring significantly reduce workplace accidents, while wearable devices enhance employee health tracking and preventive care. VR-based training programs were also found to improve safety awareness and preparedness. However, challenges such as high implementation costs, resistance to change, and data privacy concerns were identified as critical barriers to adoption. The study concludes that integrating emerging technologies into OHS frameworks can substantially enhance workplace well-being and productivity, provided these challenges are addressed. Practical implications include recommendations for organizations to invest in scalable technology solutions, foster a culture of innovation, and prioritize employee training and data security.
Assembling Nutrition‐sensitive Agriculture: How Global Food Security Projects Are Sustained Despite Tensions, Contradictions and Failure

ABSTRACT                   This article examines the global discourse surrounding nutrition‐sensitive agriculture (NSA) and its implementation within Feed the Future, a food security initiative of the US Agency for International Development in Guatemala. It explores how such global nutrition efforts have increasingly incorporated critiques advanced by critical nutrition scholars. Employing the analytical concept of ‘practices of assemblage’, the article shows how global nutrition strategies have been assembled, reassembled and maintained through a variety of interconnected practices. It argues that while NSA has facilitated certain politically progressive shifts within global nutrition practices, it simultaneously projects a misleading sense of coherence, obscures historical shortcomings and legitimizes the continuation of nutrition interventions.
Chromatin profiling of renal allograft-infiltrating cells reveals epigenetic regulation of CD8+ T cell exhaustion in chronically rejected human kidney allografts

Abstract                                   Purpose                   Our single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis found that T cells in chronically rejected kidney allografts and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of the same kidney transplant recipients (KTR) exhibited a spectrum of dynamic cell states; herein, we investigate how T cell states are regulated at the epigenetic level during chronic rejection.                                                   Methods                   H3K27me3 and H3K27ac CUT&amp;Tag was performed in live T cells isolated from PBMCs and allografts of 3 KTR with failed transplants. All transplants had chronic cellular and antibody mediated rejection on pathology.                                                   Results                   With CD8+ T cell infiltration into allografts, H3K27me3 was deposited at the gene loci associated with T cell quiescence and stemness (TCF7, BACH2, FOXP1, IL7R, etc.), whereas H3K27ac was mostly deposited at the gene loci involved in T cell effector (GZMB, ID2, ZEB2, etc) and exhaustion (TOX, TOX2, TIGIT, PDCD1, HAVCR2, etc) programs.                                                   Conclusion                   Our prior scRNA-seq analysis revealed that most CD8+ T cells in PBMCs maintain TCF7+ stem-like cell phenotypes. However, most CD8+ T cells infiltrated in chronically rejected allografts lose stemness, becoming either TCF7− GZMBhi effector or TCF7− PDCD1hi HAVCR2hi exhausted T cells. Herein our CUT&amp;Tag analysis reveals that chromatin remodeling mediates such dynamic changes of T cell states. Of note, although T-cell exhaustion occurs in chronically rejected allografts, it only represents dynamic changes of T cell states. We propose that TCF7+ allogenic T cells in the periphery maintain stem-like property. Without proper epigenetic silencing of their function, TCF7+ allogenic T cells produce not only exhausted progeny but also effector cell progeny to mediate allograft rejection.                   Supported by internal
ArchGym: An Open-Source Gymnasium for Machine Learning Assisted Architecture Design

Machine learning is a prevalent approach to tame the complexity of design space exploration for domain-specific architectures. Using ML for design space exploration poses challenges. First, it's not straightforward to identify the suitable algorithm from an increasing pool of ML methods. Second, assessing the trade-offs between performance and sample efficiency across these methods is inconclusive. Finally, lack of a holistic framework for fair, reproducible, and objective comparison across these methods hinders progress of adopting ML-aided architecture design space exploration and impedes creating repeatable artifacts. To mitigate these challenges, we introduce ArchGym, an open-source gym and easy-to-extend framework that connects diverse search algorithms to architecture simulators. To demonstrate utility, we evaluate ArchGym across multiple vanilla and domain-specific search algorithms in designing custom memory controller, deep neural network accelerators, and custom SoC for AR/VR workloads, encompassing over 21K experiments. Results suggest that with unlimited samples, ML algorithms are equally favorable to meet user-defined target specification if hyperparameters are tuned; no solution is necessarily better than another (e.g., reinforcement learning vs. Bayesian methods). We coin the term hyperparameter lottery to describe the chance for a search algorithm to find an optimal design provided meticulously selected hyperparameters. The ease of data collection and aggregation in ArchGym facilitates research in ML-aided architecture design space exploration. As a case study, we show this advantage by developing a proxy cost model with an RMSE of 0.61% that offers a 2,000-fold reduction in simulation time. Code and data for ArchGym is available at https://bit.ly/ArchGym.