ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Ground-Based Optical Deep Pencil Beam Surveys

The initial results of the Deep Lens Survey (http://dls.bell-labs.com) to identify possible brown dwarfs and extremely metal poor red halo subdwarfs near the hydrogen burning limit are presented. Individual deep CCD high galactic latitude survey fields appear to offer a low probability of discovering field BD's, but taken collectively offer an opportunity to begin addressing questions regarding the scale height and distribution of these objects. In all likelihood, the very depth of such surveys will greatly increase our knowledge of the coolest extreme halo objects, which currently are known in far fewer numbers than T dwarfs. Ultimately, the large volume surveyed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will identify vast numbers of such objects, providing a more complete picture of their spatial distribution.
Computational Methods for the Study of Enzymic Reaction Mechanisms. 1. Application to the Hydride Transfer Step in the Catalysis of Dihydrofolate Reductase

We report results and assessment from the use of several “state-of-the-art” computational methods to investigate the effect of the Asp27 ionization state on the hydride-ion transfer step in the enzymic reduction of folate and dihydrofolate (DHF) by DHFR from Escherichia coli (E. coli). The active forms of the DHFR complex are assumed protonated on the pterin/dihydropterin ring of the folate/dihydrofolate molecule prior to transfer of the hydride ion from the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) cofactor. The calculations have been carried out for both protonated (neutral) and unprotonated (negatively charged) states of the conserved active-site Asp27 (E. coli) residue in the DHFR complexes. First, geometry optimizations at the semiempirical (PM3), density functional (DFT) and ab initio levels were performed on reaction-analogue clusters to obtain reactant, transition state (TS), and product complexes. The DFT and ab initio reaction energies obtained for the unprotonated Asp complexes were e...
Comparative projections of the distribution and growth of pubescent oak in the face of climate change : the benefits and limitations of modelling

Essentiels à la filière forêt-bois française, les Chênes sessile et pédonculé sont menacés par l'intensification des événements climatiques extrêmes tandis que le Chêne pubescent, plus résistant à la sécheresse, offre une alternative prometteuse. La modélisation est un divergences de leurs projections concernant la survie et la productivité des peuplements donnent un ordre de grandeur possible des incertitudes associées, et sont discutées afin de fournir une analyse critique de la modélisation forestière en tant qu'outil d'aide à la décision. Cette analyse illustre l'importance d'utiliser des modèles différents pour déterminer si des conclusions similaires émergent malgré des approches variées, c'est-à-dire quantifier à minima et réduire les incertitudes afin de produire des résultats plus robustes.
Research on the Innovation in the Model of Cultivating Sci-Tech Translation Talents in Universities of Science and Engineering from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content

New technologies represented by ChatGPT have transformed traditional translation work modes and brought unprecedented changes to translation teaching. Based on the development of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) technology, this article analyzes the challenges it brings to sci-tech translation research in the new era, reshapes the value goals of the “ideological and political guidance + technological empowerment” model of cultivating sci-tech translation talents, proposes tentative approaches about the innovation in the model of sci-tech translation talents in universities of science and engineering, and strengthens the talents’ translation competence, language proficiency, and interdisciplinary ability, aiming to provide new perspectives and thoughts for the development of translation research in the AIGC era.
On the influence of statistics on the determination of the mean value of the depth of shower maximum for ultra high energy cosmic ray showers

To be published in Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Participatory futures methods: towards adaptability and resilience in climate‐vulnerable communities

AbstractThis paper points to the value of broadening the palette of approaches to climate change futures beyond the dominant methods of empiricist predictive trends and expert scenarios. The first half of the paper contextualizes the climate change discourse within the field of futures studies and explores potential points of dialogue between a number of futures approaches and the most prominent of the climate protection work. The second half of the paper introduces a case study of community based participatory approaches involving community scenario writing and community visioning, which enacts a collaborative engagement between futures researchers and climate‐vulnerable communities. However, any participatory futures method chosen to facilitate climate change adaptation must be context aware in both its design and implementation if it is to facilitate adaptability and resilience in climate‐vulnerable communities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Land use, economy and the conservation of biodiversity of high-andean forests in Bolivia

Centuries of overexploitation of high-Andean ecosystems in Bolivia have led to the destruction of approximately 90% of the high-Andean forests (98–99% in the eastern highlands), making them one of the most threatened ecosystems in the Neotropics. The main reasons for the destruction are unsustainable land-use methods, in particular burning and overgrazing. Other factors leading to the destruction of Andean ecosystems are human population growth and an increasing inclusion of rural communities in the country’s market economy, which creates the need for cash income and, therefore, production surplus. Due to the small size of relict forest patches, and since all patches are used by local people, the conservation of high-Andean forests is not possible in reserves, but has to be accomplished in cooperation with the rural population. In order to preserve high-Andean forests (and any other Andean ecosystem), it will be necessary to create a sustainable basis for human development. This will necessitate (a) establishing land-use systems with a clear spatial separation of land-use units (fields, pastures, forests), (b) slowing human population growth, (c) putting strong emphasis on the education of children and adults, and of women in particular, (d) strengthening local subsistence and non-monetary economies, (e) making sure that national and international governmental and non-governmental aid organizations provide economic and technical support for the above, and (6) ensuring that national governments pass supporting legislation.
A Japanese model of corporate social responsibility?: A study of website reporting

Japan's model of corporations has conventionally been regarded as comparatively 'society-friendly' because of such features as its corporate governance, close co-ordination with government economic policy and life-long employment. Yet this 'solidaristic' image has been unsettled by, for example, environmental failures and workplace pathologies. The paper investigates the extent and character of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in Japan through analysis of CSR reporting on home websites of the top So Japanese corporations and compares this with other studies of Japanese CSR. It finds a marked growth and consolidation of CSR, particularly in environmental responsibility and, though to a lesser extent, community involvement. The paper identifies and evaluates the impacts of key CSR drivers: the developing Japanese model of business and society; government policy; and the effects of internationalisation of business.
Attachment Style and Mental Health Profiles of Parents Caring for a Child with Autism: Suicidal Ideation, Depression and Anxiety

The study investigated association between attachment style of parents with a child diagnosed with Autism and mental health. A cross-sectional web-based survey collected data from 184 parents of individuals with autism. Findings from the study indicated association between an avoidant and anxious attachment style and mental health. Mainly, a link between avoidant attachment style and parents' levels of suicidal ideation and depression, an association between anxious attachment style and the parent's level of suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety. Several sociodemographic variables were associated with suicidal ideation and mental health. Specifically, we identified impacts of child's race on suicidal ideation, marital status on depression as well as impact of education on anxiety. Implication for future research, assessment and treatment are presented.
Continuous Quantum Aperture: Beamforming with a Single-Vapor-Cell Rydberg Receiver

Beamforming is conventionally understood as a collective property of many discrete antenna elements in both communication and radar fields, which links angular selectivity to array size, element spacing, and band-specific hardware. Here we uncover a fundamentally different beamforming mechanism achieved by a Rydberg atomic receiver: a Rydberg-atom vapor cell dressed by a local-oscillator field constitutes a continuous quantum aperture. In this regime, spatially-varying quantum coherence across the aperture provides continuous amplitude-phase control, allowing a directional beam pattern to emerge from one sensing volume rather than from an engineered array. We establish the theory of continuous quantum aperture and show that tailoring the local-oscillator field can directly program the aperture response. This enables reconfigurable single-peak, multipeak, and multiband beamforming within a single vapor cell. Experiments on a Rydberg atomic receiver prototype verify that practical beam patterns agree with theoretical predictions across aperture sizes, frequency bands, and local-oscillator configurations. Leveraging this new beamforming mechanism, we further demonstrate interference mitigation, multiuser access, and multiband multiuser access with the single-vapor-cell platform. Our results identify the continuous quantum aperture as a new operating principle of Rydberg atomic receivers and establish single-vapor-cell beamforming as an integrated and reconfigurable platform for spatially selective electromagnetic reception.
Subverting International Law and Violence at/of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

Abstract                Chapter 5 traces how international law can be a site and space of subversion and resistance. Continuing the queer analysis of International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) texts from the preceding chapter, this chapter argues that as a (queer) governance mechanism, international law is not only gendered and gendering, constitutive and agential, and violent and violating, but subversive and queer too. The chapter focuses on two examples of subversive bodies and practices: “noisy” survivors and “complex” perpetrators. It argues that these legal subjects both (re)produce and subvert cis-heteronormative discourses of gender, sexuality, and violence in international law, demonstrating the queer logics of law and justice. The chapter suggests that as simultaneously violent and subversive, international law can be both a constraining and empowering mechanism for victims, survivors, and oppressed groups in their quest for justice. Queering governance and international law allows for the recognition of this seemingly contradictory finding.
An Ethical Debate in the Philosophy of Information: Is It Possible to Combine or Reconcile Multiple Ethical Theories in a Common Perspective in Artificial Intelligence?

We live in a cyber-universe created by millions of data sets. This universe, where there are almost no time-space constraints, allows people to perform activities in the intercardinal direction in a comfort they could not imagine before. At the same time, this multicultural and global world (infosphere) is a source of ethical challenges. While living in our unique culture, is it possible to share common ethical values in our world, which is becoming more global with each passing day? Or is it getting more and more impossible in this complex cyber universe? This article draws attention to Bynum's Emerging Ethics theory, which carries the umbrella concept that has the potential to unite people around some common values in ethical practices developed for intelligent systems such as artificial intelligence, even if we have different ethical approaches. The main purpose of this article is how, although different approaches they are, theories based on the common nature of human beings can be combined for the same purpose and Thanks to the 'ethical family unity' structure they have created under the ethical umbrella, it is questioned how they will determine the ethical components that can be applied to intelligence systems like AI for the solution of the common problems of the information age.
Assessing the impacts of projected climate changes on maize (Zea mays) productivity using crop models and climate scenario simulation

Context                     Investigating agronomic responses of dryland maize (Zea mays L.) systems under global change could provide important insights in designing climate-resilient cropping systems.                                                           Aims and methods                     In this study, we integrated Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) with Representative Concentration Pathways 8.5 and 20 Global Climate Models to systematically: (1) calibrate and validate APSIM using large-field study conducted in East-Central Texas; (2) evaluate the impacts of climate change on maize productivity and risks; and (3) investigate the variations in growth stage lengths.                                                           Key results                     Results indicated that APSIM simulated grain yield, biomass production, precipitation productivity (PP; kg ha−1 mm−1) and developmental stage transition agreed well with observation (NRMSE &amp;lt; 14.9%). Changes in temperature and precipitation shortened growing seasons and affected available water, resulting in widely varied yield and PP. Mean grain yield changed from −34.8 to +19.7%, mean PP were improved 9.2–36.5%. The grain production could be maintained at least the standard of 75% of historical in most cases, but with greater risks for achieving higher threshold (50% of baseline). Finally, simulations indicated shortened days (4–13 days) for reaching key developmental stages for maize.                                                           Conclusions and implications                     The results advocate adoptions of management practice that incorporating early sowing, irrigations at sowing/VT stages, and selections of late-maturing cultivars for better sustainability and higher productivity.
A Systematic Review of Green Business, Business Ethics, and Corporate Social Responsibility: Bridging Concepts for Sustainable Business Success

Recently many organization priorities have shifted from increased efficiency and profit maximization to long-term business success. The concepts of green business, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility which were discussed in this article have shared common bridging concepts to bring sustainable business. But the writers were lacking in addressing these common bridging concepts even if more articles were done separately. The main purpose of this study was systematically reviewing the published articles to examine the bridging concepts of green business, business ethics, and corporate social responsibility to the sustainable business success. The review process was conducted with the published articles which were extracted from database of Google scholar, directory of science, Springer, JSTOR, and DOAJ for the period of 2010 to 2021. Totally 46 published articles analyzed and categorized in to eight concepts. The result show that the five bridging concepts: Social responsibility, ethical business consideration, sustainable development, organizational performance, and environmentally friendly or green practice are all negatively impacted by a company’s failure to consider sustainability issues. Firms can achieve long term business success if they can incorporate these five bridging concepts in their sustainable business strategy. Finally the writers conclude the study by forwarding future line research.
Mediation/Arbitration: Alternative Dispute Resolution Process

Interest in alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques for the construction industry has grown in recent years. Traditional litigation has been criticized on several fronts. The traditional procedures are often cumbersome, expensive, and lengthy. The outcome of litigation is uncertain and often confusing. For certain cases, alternative procedures may be useful in quickly resolving disputes. Sometimes there is no alternative to litigation. Each case is unique, and the appropriate form of dispute resolution mechanism must be established for each project. This paper reviews the process of mediation/arbitration, and compares that process to other alternative dispute resolution procedures.
AlphaFold prediction and analysis of Adhesion-family G protein coupled receptor (aGPCR) structures

Abstract                 Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs), a family of 33 receptors, regulate crucial physiological processes through a unique self-activation mechanism. We employed AlphaFold, a state-of-the-art AI system, to predict 3D structures of aGPCRs in active and inactive conformations. Full-length models were obtained from the AlphaFold Protein Structure Database, while tethered-ligand (TL) exposed structures were predicted using AlphaFold. Comparison with available experimentally solved structures were made to validate accuracy of Alphafold aGPCR model. For receptors without experimentally solved structures, we compare structures of inactive (TL masked) and active (TL exposed) aGPCRs. In the active structures, the tethered-ligand was docked in the transmembrane bundle for several receptors but surprisingly not all receptors. This AI driven analysis of aGPCR structures provides a framework for exploring alternative receptor activation mechanisms. These models also offer valuable insights into receptor conformational changes and TL interactions, paving the way for the development of novel pharmacological tools and accelerating drug discovery efforts targeting this important receptor family.
Regenerative Medicine: Tissue Engineering and Stem Cell Therapy

Regenerative medicine is an emerging field in the medical sciences, focusing on restoring the function of damaged tissues and organs through innovative techniques such as tissue engineering and stem cell therapy. This article explores key aspects of tissue engineering and stem cell therapy, highlighting their potential to revolutionize traditional medical treatments. Tissue engineering involves the use of specially designed biomaterial scaffolds that support the growth and differentiation of stem cells into functional tissues. Stem cell therapy, on the other hand, offers novel approaches for treating various degenerative diseases and injuries by harnessing the regenerative capabilities of stem cells to repair or replace damaged tissues. The article also examines the major challenges in the development and application of regenerative therapies, including issues of safety, efficacy, and ethics. Furthermore, recent advancements in tissue engineering techniques and stem cell therapies are highlighted, showcasing promising results in clinical trials and preclinical applications. With the potential to transform healthcare paradigms, this field continues to attract the attention of scientists, clinicians, and regulators, although many challenges remain before these techniques can be widely adopted in clinical practice. The article concludes that multidisciplinary collaboration and further research are essential to overcoming existing barriers and maximizing the benefits of these regenerative therapies.
Gas Dynamics in the Galactic Bar Region from N-Body and SPH Simulations

8 pages, 4 figures. To appear in the proceedings of "The Evolution of Galaxies on Cosmological Timescales", eds. J.E. Beckman and T. Mahoney, Astrophysics and Space Science
Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Electrochemistry, Materials, and Prospects

AbstractWith the increasing demand for efficient and economic energy storage, Li‐S batteries have become attractive candidates for the next‐generation high‐energy rechargeable Li batteries because of their high theoretical energy density and cost effectiveness. Starting from a brief history of Li‐S batteries, this Review introduces the electrochemistry of Li‐S batteries, and discusses issues resulting from the electrochemistry, such as the electroactivity and the polysulfide dissolution. To address these critical issues, recent advances in Li‐S batteries are summarized, including the S cathode, Li anode, electrolyte, and new designs of Li‐S batteries with a metallic Li‐free anode. Constructing S molecules confined in the conductive microporous carbon materials to improve the cyclability of Li‐S batteries serves as a prospective strategy for the industry in the future.
Integrating AI into Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) for Ethical and Sustainable Business Practices

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has significantly transformed various facets of business operations, including corporate social responsibility (CSR). As businesses strive to align their growth strategies with ethical, social, and environmental responsibilities, AI emerges as a powerful tool to enhance the effectiveness of CSR initiatives. This research investigates the integration of AI into CSR, exploring its potential to drive more sustainable business practices, improve transparency, and foster ethical decision-making within organizations. By employing a combination of qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study examines how AI-powered analytics, automation, and decision-making frameworks can optimize CSR efforts. Key areas of exploration include AI's role in enhancing supply chain sustainability, optimizing resource allocation, detecting unethical business practices, and enabling real-time monitoring and reporting of CSR initiatives.
Supplementary Table S11 from Prediction of Stage, Grade, and Survival in Bladder Cancer Using Genome-wide Expression Data: A Validation Study

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Integrating Transcriptome and Chromatin Landscapes for Deciphering the Epigenetic Regulation of Drought Response in Maize

Water scarcity associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to plant productivity worldwide, and crop growth models predict that this issue will be more severe in future. Plants withstand drought stress by modifying their gene expression patterns and activating a variety of physiological and biochemical responses at cellular and whole-organism levels. Molecular and genomic studies have indeed identified many stress-inducible genes in different plant species. Stress-responsive genes encode for proteins with various functions and signaling factors, such as transcription factors, protein kinases, and protein phosphatases, but also include several noncoding and regulatory RNAs involved in the modulation of the stress response networks, making it a very complex phenomenon. Affecting a number of different aspects of plant growth and development, chromatin-based mechanisms, such as histone post-translational modifications, are fundamental for the fine coordination and tuning of gene expression in response to environmental cues. Several histone modifications have been found dramatically altered on stress-responsive gene regions under drought stress; thus, the integration of different omics technologies are essential to deeply understand plant tolerance mechanisms and manage them toward breeding for drought tolerance in maize.