Target Detection Architecture for Resource Constrained Wireless Sensor Networks within Internet of Things

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) within Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential\ud to address the growing detection and classi�cation requirements among many\ud surveillance applications. RF sensing techniques are the next generation technologies\ud which o�er distinct advantages over traditional passive means of sensing\ud such as acoustic and seismic which are used for surveillance and target detection\ud applications of WSN. RF sensing based WSN within IoT detect the presence of\ud designated targets by transmitting RF signals into the sensing environment and\ud observing the re\ud ected echoes. In this thesis, an RF sensing based target detection\ud architecture for surveillance applications of WSN has been proposed to detect the\ud presence of stationary targets within the sensing environment.\ud With multiple sensing nodes operating simultaneously within the sensing region,\ud diversity among the sensing nodes in the choice of transmit waveforms is required.\ud Existing multiple access techniques to accommodate multiple sensing nodes within\ud the sensing environment are not suitable for RF sensing based WSN. In this thesis,\ud a diversity in the choice of the transmit waveforms has been proposed and transmit\ud waveforms which are suitable for RF sensing based WSN have been discussed. A\ud criterion have been de�ned to quantify the ease of detecting the signal and energy\ud e�ciency of the signal based on which ease of detection index and energy e�ciency\ud index respectively have been generated. The waveform selection criterion proposed\ud in this thesis takes the WSN sensing conditions into account and identi�es the\ud optimum transmit waveform within the available choices of transmit waveforms\ud based on their respective ease of detection and energy e�ciency indexes.\ud A target detector analyses the received RF signals to make a decision regarding\ud the existence or absence of targets within the sensing region. Existing target detectors\ud which are discussed in the context of WSN do not take the factors such\ud as interference and nature of the sensing environment into account. Depending\ud on the nature of the sensing environment, in this thesis the sensing environments are classi�ed as homogeneous and heterogeneous sensing environments. Within\ud homogeneous sensing environments the presence of interference from the neighbouring\ud sensing nodes is assumed. A target detector has been proposed for WSN\ud within homogeneous sensing environments which can reliably detect the presence\ud of targets. Within heterogeneous sensing environments the presence of clutter and\ud interfering waveforms is assumed. A target detector has been proposed for WSN\ud within heterogeneous sensing environments to detect targets in the presence of\ud clutter and interfering waveforms. A clutter estimation technique has been proposed\ud to assist the proposed target detector to achieve increased target detection\ud reliability in the presence of clutter. A combination of compressive and two-step\ud target detection architectures has been proposed to reduce the transmission costs.\ud Finally, a 2-stage target detection architecture has been proposed to reduce the\ud computational complexity of the proposed target detection architecture.