ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Analyzing The Impact Of Occupational Health And Safety Management Systems On Reducing Workplace Hazards In Manufacturing Industries Using Structural Equation Modeling: (Case Study: Fateh San'at Kimia Company)

مقدمه: صنعت ساخت و تولید از جمله بخش‌های کلیدی و درعین‌حال پرخطر اقتصادی به‌شمار می‌رود که همواره با چالش‌هایی چون بروز حوادث شغلی، آسیب‌های بدنی و بیماری‌های ناشی از کار مواجه است. در چنین شرایطی، استقرار و به‌‌کارگیری سیستم‌های مدیریتی کارآمد به ویژه سیستم مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی به‌عنوان یک رویکرد سامان‌مند و پیشگیرانه، نقشی حیاتی در شناسایی، ارزیابی و کنترل خطرات محیط کار ایفا می‌کند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر سیستم مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی بر کاهش خطرات محیط کار در صنعت ساخت و تولید، با تأکید بر مطالعه موردی شرکت فاتح صنعت کیمیا است.   مواد و روش‌ها: این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی و از حیث ماهیت از نوع همبستگی و از نظر گردآوری داده‌ها، توصیفی-پیمایشی است. ابزار اصلی جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه استاندارد کسی و ریموند (2022) بود که روایی آن توسط خبرگان حوزه ایمنی و بهداشت و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأیید شد. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل کلیه کارکنان شرکت فاتح صنعت کیمیا بوده و نمونه‌گیری به روش هدفمند و با مشارکت اعضای کمیته خبرگی انجام گرفت. داده‌های گردآوری‌شده با استفاده از روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری مورد تجزیه ‌و تحلیل قرار گرفت تا روابط علی بین مؤلفه‌های سیستم مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی و شاخص‌های کاهش خطرات محیط‌کار مشخص شود.   نتایج و بحث: یافته‌های پژوهش نشان داد که ایجاد و انطباق دستورالعمل‌های ایمنی با استانداردهای شغلی، تأثیر مثبت و معناداری بر کاهش حوادث، صدمات و بیماری‌های مرتبط با کار دارد. همچنین، اجرای برنامه‌های ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی بر کاهش صدمات محیط کار اثر مثبت و معناداری نشان داد، اما تأثیر قابل‌توجهی بر کاهش حوادث و بیماری‌های شغلی مشاهده نشد. از سوی دیگر، نقش مدیریت در تقویت فرهنگ ایمنی و نظارت بر اجرای الزامات ایمنی، تنها در کاهش صدمات محیط کار معنا‌دار ارزیابی شد و اثر مستقیمی بر کاهش حوادث و بیماری‌های شغلی نداشت.   نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج کلی پژوهش حاکی از آن است که مؤلفه‌های مختلف سیستم مدیریت ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی، به‌ویژه تدوین و انطباق دستورالعمل‌های استاندارد، می‌توانند در کاهش پیامدهای نامطلوب محیط کار نقش بسزایی داشته باشند. این امر نشان می‌دهد که استقرار مؤثر OHSMS نه‌تنها به بهبود عملکرد ایمنی سازمان می‌انجامد، بلکه موجب ارتقای بهره‌وری و کاهش هزینه‌های ناشی از حوادث و غیبت‌های کاری نیز می‌شود. در نهایت، پیشنهاد می‌شود شرکت‌های فعال در حوزه ساخت و تولید، با بازنگری مستمر دستورالعمل‌ها و تقویت نقش نظارتی مدیریت، گام‌های مؤثرتری در راستای نهادینه‌سازی فرهنگ ایمنی و بهداشت شغلی بردارند.
Error Mitigation in Quantum Computers subject to Spatially Correlated Noise

10 pages, 8 figures
MARKETING TECHNIQUES: RHETORICAL STRATEGIES IN CEOs’ LETTERS INTRODUCING CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY REPORTS OF THE COMPANIES

This paper provides limited but new details on the rhetoric of Chief Executive Officers’ letters to stakeholders. We analyze CEOs’ letters to which introduce Corporate Social Responsibility reports for 2012 of several US large companies. The analysis is rooted in discourse analysis, rhetoric, and the theory of argumentation. It yields significant results to be later valued in the field of Business Ethics.
Towards a Knowledge Discovery Framework for Data Science Job Market in the United States

The growth of the data science field requires better tools to understand such a fast-paced growing domain. Moreover, individuals from different backgrounds became interested in following a career as data scientists. Therefore, providing a quantitative guide for individuals and organizations to understand the skills required in the job market would be crucial. This paper introduces a framework to analyze the job market for data science-related jobs within the US while providing an interface to access insights in this market. The proposed framework includes three sub-modules allowing continuous data collection, information extraction, and a web-based dashboard visualization to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of data science-related jobs and skills. The result of this work shows important skills for the main branches of data science jobs and attempts to provide a skill-based definition of these data science branches. The current version of this application is deployed on the web and allows individuals and institutes to investigate skills required for data science positions through the industry lens.
Planarly branched rough paths and rough differential equations on homogeneous spaces

The central aim of this work is to understand rough differential equations on homogeneous spaces. We focus on the formal approach, by giving an explicit expansion of the solution at each point of the real line in terms of decorated planar forests. For this we develop the notion of planarly branched rough paths, following M. Gubinelli's branched rough paths. The definition is similar to the one in the flat case, the main difference being the replacement of the Butcher--Connes--Kreimer Hopf algebra of non-planar rooted forests by the Munthe-Kaas--Wright Hopf algebra of planar rooted forests. We show how the latter permits to handle rough differential equations on homogeneous spaces using planarly branched rough paths, the same way branched rough paths are used in the context of rough differential equations on finite-dimensional vector spaces. An analogue of T. Lyons' extension theorem is proven. Finally, under analyticity assumptions on the coefficients and when the Hölder index of the driving path is equal to one, we show convergence of the planar forest expansion in a small time interval.
Do strictly protected areas protect vulnerable local tree species better than human land use? Disentangling conservation value from biodiversity value

Abstract   A growing number of conservationists argue that effective management of human modified ecosystems is preferable to protecting undisturbed forest ecosystems. Hence, this study evaluated the efficiency of the two alternatives for the conservation of vulnerable tree species by comparing the distinctiveness of species composition, species richness, and evenness of local assemblages. The study was conducted in Mafhela and Thathe Vondo Forest Reserves, South Africa. The result showed that all land-use regimes in Mafhela became distinct from each other, lost species, became uneven, and tree species were replaced by shrubs along the land-use gradient compared with State-protected indigenous forest. In contrast to Mafhela, the State-protected indigenous forest in Thathe Vondo was not exceptionally distinct from the other land-use regimes. The contrast reflects the difference in the condition of the forest landscape complexity of the two Forest Reserves that moderate the resilience and stability of the ecological process in a continuously changing environment. Our study implies allocating the limited resources to reinforce State-protected indigenous forest in Mafhela, accompanied by restoration of the whole landscape, and would be a preferred conservation strategy. In contrast, in Thathe Vondo, investing the limited resources in the whole landscape's sustainable management would be preferable. In conclusion, our study posits that the approach of “one size fits all” conservation measure, without considering the influence of forest landscape condition in the resilience of local assemblage, misguides the efficient allocation of limited global conservation resources to avert local extinction of vulnerable tree species of primary forests.
Linking Rights and Standards: The Process of Developing ‘Rights‐based’ Minimum Standards on Food Security, Nutrition and Food Aid

This article examines the recent revision of the Sphere Minimum Standards in disaster response relating to food security, nutrition and food aid. It describes how the revision attempted to incorporate the principles of the Humanitarian Charter, as well as relevant human rights principles and values into the Sphere Minimum Standards. The initial aim of the revision was to ensure that the Sphere Minimum Standards better reflected the principles embodied in the Humanitarian Charter. This was later broadened to ensure that key legal standards and principles from human rights and humanitarian law were considered and also incorporated, in part to fill the ‘protection gap’ within the existing standards. In relation to the food security, nutrition and food aid standards, it was agreed by participants in the process that the human right to adequate food and freedom from hunger should be incorporated. In relation to more general principles underlying the Humanitarian Charter, itself drawn largely from human rights and humanitarian law, it was agreed that there was a need to strengthen ‘protection’ elements within the standards and a need to incorporate the basic principles of the right to life with dignity, non‐discrimination, impartiality and participation, as well as to explore the relevance of the concept of the progressive realisation of the right to food.The questions raised in linking rights to operational standards required thought, on the one hand, about whether the technical standards reflected a deep understanding of the values expressed within the legal instruments, and whether the existing standards were adequate in relation to those legal rights. On the other hand, it also required reflection on how operational standards like Sphere could give concrete content to human rights, such as the right to food and the right to be free from hunger. However, there remain challenges in examining what a rights‐based approach will mean in terms of the role of humanitarian agencies as duty‐bearers of rights, given that the primary responsibility rests with state governments. It will also require reflection on the modes and mechanisms of accountability that are brought to bear in ensuring the implementation of the Minimum Standards.
One country's journey to interoperability: Tanzania's experience developing and implementing a national health information exchange

Abstract                                        Background                     Robust, flexible, and integrated health information (HIS) systems are essential to achieving national and international goals in health and development. Such systems are still uncommon in most low and middle income countries. This article describes a first-phase activity in Tanzania to integrate the country’s vertical health management information system with the help of an interoperability layer that enables cross-program data exchange.                                                           Methods                     From 2014 to 2019, the Tanzanian government and partners implemented a five-step procedure based on the “Mind the GAPS” (governance, architecture, program management, and standards) framework and using both proprietary and open-source tools. In collaboration with multiple stakeholders, the team developed the system to address major data challenges via four fully documented “use case scenarios” addressing data exchange among hospitals, between services and the supply chain, across digital data systems, and within the supply chain reporting system. This work included developing the architecture for health system data exchange, putting a middleware interoperability layer in place to facilitate the exchange, and training to support use of the system and the data it generates.                                                           Results                     Tanzania successfully completed the five-step procedure for all four use cases. Data exchange is currently enabled among 15 separate information systems, and has resulted in improved data availability and significant time savings. The government has adopted the health information exchange within the national strategy for health care information, and the system is being operated and managed by Tanzanian officials.                                                           Conclusion                     Developing an integrated HIS requires a significant time investment; but ultimately benefit both programs and patients. Tanzania’s experience may interest countries that are developing their HIS programs.
Provider-Prioritized Domains of Quality in Pediatric Home-Based Hospice and Palliative Care: A Study of the Ohio Pediatric Palliative Care and End-of-Life Network

Children receiving hospice and palliative care (HPC) differ from adults in important ways. Children are more likely to have rare diagnoses, less likely to have cancer, have longer lengths of stay on hospice, and are more likely to be technology dependent than adults. The National Consensus Project (NCP) in Palliative Care established domains of quality for HPC, but these domains have not been evaluated for applicability in children.This study aims to establish consensus stakeholder-prioritized domains of high-quality pediatric home-based hospice and palliative care (HBHPC).Mixed methods design.Providers from the Ohio Pediatric Palliative Care and End-of-life Network.Using a modified Delphi technique, providers were surveyed regarding the NCP quality domains for HPC.There was strong consensus on the applicability of each domain to the participants' practices (median scores ranged from 0.97 to 1.0 with interquartile ranges = 0). Consensus on the rank importance of the eight domains was not achieved. Qualitative data included challenges with NCP domain 3 (Psychological and Psychiatric Aspects of Care). It was recommended that titles should remain consistent with adult standards, but domain definitions should be broadened for pediatric HBHPC. Continuity and coordination of care should be added as a ninth domain of quality in pediatric HBHPC.All eight NCP domains were validated in pediatric HBHPC. A ninth domain, Continuity and Coordination of Care, was also added. Ranking the domains was not recommended as consensus indicated weighting them as equally integrated standards. Future studies are needed to evaluate parent- and patient-prioritized domains of quality in pediatric HBHPC and to validate and map pediatric-specific indicators to these domains.
Correction: Extracting Family History Information From Electronic Health Records: Natural Language Processing Analysis (Preprint)

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Financial Independence, Accountability, Transparency, and Their Influence on Local Government Corruption in Sumatra Provinces

This study aims to analyze financial performance, accountability, and transparency in reducing corruption practices in Indonesia, particularly in provincial governments on the island of Sumatra. This study uses secondary data, namely Audit Reports (LHP), as well as corruption level data obtained from the Supreme Court website, with a sample of 10 city governments selected based on specific criteria (purposive sampling). A total of 50 observations were made from 2019 to 2023. Financial performance (independence ratio) had a significant effect on the level of corruption with a significance value of 0.0000 (&lt;0.05) and a positive regression coefficient of 30.548, while accountability and transparency did not show a significant effect. This indicates that the higher the financial performance (independence ratio), the higher the level of corruption tends to be. Higher accountability does not necessarily reduce the level of corruption. Transparency of local government financial reports (LKPD) does not affect the level of government corruption
Assessing the Contribution of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination to Global Racial Equality

The International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD) was adopted on 21 December 1965 as the first of the nine core UN human rights treaties. It has 182 States Parties today. This chapter assesses the treaty’s achievements while also identifying certain gaps and weaknesses. Section 1 underlines ICERD’s role as a pioneering instrument, opening the door to the realisation of a UN human rights treaty system. Section 2 considers ICERD’s status as a global but not universal treaty, examining the small number of States that have not ratified ICERD, such as Malaysia and Myanmar. Section 3 examines an important weakness in ICERD’s protective framework, the remarkably low take-up on the optional individual communications mechanism under Article 14. Section 4 undertakes a thematic exploration of ICERD mechanisms in the context of “Black Lives Matter”, and reflects on what this global movement might tell us about the effectiveness of the treaty. The conclusion emphasises the significance of ICERD to global racial equality and the need to bridge the gap to its universal application, given the largely customary status of its provisions.
Promoting sexual and reproductive health of sex\ud workers in Kenya: a human rights approach

The right to the highest attainable standard of health, including sexual and reproductive health care, is a fundamental human right guaranteed in international human rights law. Enforcement of sexual and reproductive health rights engage the right to information, the right to life, the right to privacy, the right to health, the right to education and to non-discrimination. However, enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health rights remains weak in Africa and other parts of the world. Women in Africa particularly female sex workers face a myriad of challenges that have severe impact on their lives, even, where rights to sexual and reproductive health have been incorporated in their countries’ Constitutions. Currently, while research in Kenya has focused on sex workers, it has been limited to their criminalisation. This thesis contributes to the body of research on sexual and reproductive health rights in the African continent. The thesis focuses on the potential of rights-based laws and policies to advance sex workers’ health leading to their greater empowerment. \ud \ud The thesis examines whether the adoption of a human rights approach can guarantee sexual and reproductive health of sex workers specifically in Kenya. It employs a sociolegal and empirical research method to conduct focus group and individual interviews with sex workers and professionals working directly and indirectly with them, including the police and the Division of Reproductive Health in the Ministry of Health in Kenya The research uses transnational feminist legal theory to analyse the experiences of sex workers in the global south and to articulate the significance of international human rights law to this field of inquiry. The thesis identifies the legal and policy barriers that impede sex workers’ enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health rights. The feminist research method illuminates the voices of sex workers to show the difference between what is framed in international human rights instruments, national laws and policies, and the reality of practice in Kenya. To address this gap, the thesis suggests ways in which rights-based laws and policies can be meaningfully utilised to advance women’s sexual and reproductive health rights and to alleviate inequalities and discriminatory practices in the provision of dignified health care especially to the sex workers.
Benchmarking Distributional Alignment of Large Language Models

Language models (LMs) are increasingly used as simulacra for people, yet their ability to match the distribution of views of a specific demographic group and be \textit{distributionally aligned} remains uncertain. This notion of distributional alignment is complex, as there is significant variation in the types of attributes that are simulated. Prior works have underexplored the role of three critical variables -- the question domain, steering method, and distribution expression method -- which motivates our contribution of a benchmark explicitly addressing these dimensions. We construct a dataset expanding beyond political values, create human baselines for this task, and evaluate the extent to which an LM can align with a particular group's opinion distribution to inform design choices of such simulation systems. Our analysis reveals open problems regarding if, and how, LMs can be used to simulate humans, and that LLMs can more accurately describe the opinion distribution than simulate such distributions.
Potential of citizen science to advance urban planetary health research in low and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Planetary health has emerged as a transdisciplinary field to capture the interdependencies between environmental changes and human health. Nowhere is this more critical than in the low- and middle-income country (LMIC) settings where the majority of the world’s population live. These settings are undergoing rapid urbanisation that could further threaten planetary boundaries. The collaborative and societally engaged nature of planetary health means more participatory and dynamic methods are needed to better characterise these exposures. Citizen science has the potential to enable the co-production of community-relevant evidence but the extent to which this is being deployed for planetary health in LMIC cities has not been synthesised. To synthesise evidence on the use of citizen science for planetary health-relevant studies in urban LMIC settings, we conducted a scoping review, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews and Joanna Briggs Institute’s stages of conducting a scoping review. Inclusion criteria included empirical studies in LMICs, with a focus on cities and published in English within the last 10 years. Of the 31 eligible studies included, the majority focused on biodiversity, illustrating the unharnessed potential of deploying citizen science to advance understanding of a broader range of planetary health variables in LMIC cities. Our finding of a predominance of Global North funding for these studies highlights the need for greater diversity of funding sources and for a shift in the centre of gravity of funding decisions to optimise alignment of research priorities with contextual realities in the Global South. To inform future research, we propose a standardised reporting format for citizen science planetary health projects and guidelines to optimise data reliability and validity.
Stem Cell-Based RPE Therapy for Retinal Diseases: Engineering 3D Tissues Amenable for Regenerative Medicine

Recent clinical trials based on human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells (hPSC-RPE cells) were clearly a success regarding safety outcomes. However the delivery strategy of a cell suspension, while being a smart implementation of a cell therapy, might not be sufficient to achieve the best results. More complex reconstructed tissue formulations are required, both to improve functionality and to target pathological conditions with altered Bruch's membrane like age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Herein, we describe the various options regarding the stem cell source choices and the different strategies elaborated in the recent years to develop engineered RPE sheets amenable for regenerative therapies.