ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Childhood Cancer Incidence in Georgia: Descriptive Epidemiology, Geographic Trends, and Disparities in Insurance Coverage, and Health Care Access

Background: Limited research has been conducted concerning childhood cancer (CC) incidence in Georgia, which is a leading cause of death for children in the US. The purpose of this study was to determine if county-level CC incidence rates differed by geography or race and if health care access disparities exist. Methods: Incidence data were obtained from the Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry for 2000-2011. Age-adjusted incidence rates per 100,000 were analyzed by sex, race, and county. Hotspots and coldspots of CC incidence were analyzed using the Getis-Ord GI* statistic. Health care access data for children under 19 were obtained using US Census Bureau’s Small Area Health Insurance Estimates for 2011. Georgia’s three children’s oncology group (COG) treatment facilities with 40-mile buffer zones were geographically overlaid with CC incidence rate maps and health insurance maps using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Results: For leukemia and central nervous system cancers, incidence rates were significantly different between Whites [7.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) (7.4, 8.2)] and Blacks [5.2, 95% CI (4.8, 5.6)]. Statistical hotspots of CC were observed in north Georgia. A lower percentage of insurance coverage among children was observed in southeast GA. Approximately 25% of Georgia counties that were not within a COG buffer had a higher percentage of children who were uninsured (mean ± SD: 10.28% ±1.86%). Conclusion: Higher CC incidence rates and disparities in access to care were evident in north Georgia. Future research is needed in these geographies to investigate potential risk factors associated with CC incidence patterns and racial differences in Georgia.
Homelessness, Water Insecurity, and the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation

Improving access to safe water and sanitation a global development priority, and yet limited attention has been paid to creating policies to ensure secure water, sanitation, and hygiene for unhoused (homeless) people, despite their growing numbers in industrialized countries and their exposure to water-related hazards and insecurities. This report takes stock of key findings and identifies trends and tactics to avoid in the creation of more just and equitable policies for universal water and sanitation provision.
Integrating ensemble species distribution modeling and statistical phylogeography to inform projections of climate change impacts on species distributions

Species distribution models (SDMs) are commonly used to forecast climate change impacts on species and ecosystems. These models, however, are subject to important assumptions and limitations. By integrating two independent but complementary methods, ensemble SDMs and statistical phylogeography, I was able to address key assumptions and create robust assessments of climate change impacts on species' distributions while improving the conservation value of these projections. This approach was demonstrated using Rhodiola integrifolia, an alpine-arctic plant distributed at high elevations and latitudes throughout the North American cordillera. SDMs for R. integrifolia were fit to current and past climates using eight model algorithms, two threshold methods, and between one and three climate data sets (downscaled from general circulation models, GCMs). This ensemble of projections was combined using consensus methods to create a map of stable climate (refugial habitat) since the Last Interglacial (124,000 years before present). Four biogeographic hypotheses were developed based on the configuration of refugial habitat and were tested using a statistical phylogeographic approach. Statistical phylogeography evaluates the probability of alternative models of population history given uncertainty about past population parameters, such as effective population sizes and the timing of divergence events. The multiple-refugia hypothesis was supported by both methods, validating the assumption of niche conservatism in R. integrifolia, and justifying the projection of SDMs onto future climates. SDMs were projected onto two greenhouse gas scenarios (A1B and A2) for 2085 using climate data downscaled from five GCMs. Ensemble and consensus methods were used to illustrate variability across these GCMs. Projections at 2085 showed substantial losses of climatically suitable habitat for R. integrifolia across its range. Southern populations had the greatest losses, though the biogeographic scale of modeling may overpredict extinction risks in areas of topographic complexity. Finally, past and future SDM projections were assessed for novel values of climate variables; projections in areas of novel climate were flagged as having higher uncertainty. Integrating molecular approaches with spatial analyses of species distributions under global change has great potential to improve conservation decision-making. Molecular tools can support and improve current methods for understanding species vulnerability to climate change, and provide additional data upon which to base conservation decisions, such as prioritizing the conservation of areas of high genetic diversity in order to build evolutionary resiliency within populations.
The corporate governance role in protecting minority shareholders rights in public joint-stock companies (Comparative Study)

A pesar de las numerosas disposiciones legislativas que contienen abundantes normas para proteger a los accionistas minoritarios en las sociedades anónimas públicas, la realidad mostró muchas crisis financieras y comportamientos de mala gestión en las grandes empresas internacionales, lo que llevó a la pérdida de confianza de los accionistas minoritarios en dichas empresas. Por lo tanto, el papel del gobierno corporativo ha surgido como una teoría jurídica integral cuyo objetivo es garantizar las mejores prácticas en las sociedades anónimas públicas y restaurar la confianza de los accionistas minoritarios. En este contexto, surge el rol del gobierno corporativo para mejorar el desempeño de los órganos de las sociedades anónimas públicas. En cuanto a la junta general, el papel del gobierno corporativo se manifiesta a través de la adopción de diversos métodos para mejorar el desempeño de la junta general y asegurar una amplia participación de todos los accionistas en dichas celebraciones. En cuanto al consejo de administración, el sistema de gobierno corporativo fomenta la constitución de consejos eficientes, profesionales e independientes, capaces de cumplir lícita y eficazmente sus funciones. Además, el sistema de gobierno corporativo enfatiza la protección y promoción de los derechos de los accionistas minoritarios facilitando el ejercicio efectivo de sus derechos financieros y no financieros. Sin embargo, el alcance del gobierno corporativo se extiende más allá de esos aspectos para abarcar las mejores prácticas en la supervisión del desempeño de la sociedad, incluida la autorregulación, la supervisión administrativa y la supervisión judicial. En consecuencia, los países se han dado cuenta de la importancia del gobierno corporativo para proteger los derechos de los accionistas minoritarios y han adoptado medidas notables para fortalecer el papel del gobierno corporativo en las sociedades anónimas públicas. Además, muchas organizaciones internacionales, como la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos, se han preocupado por el papel del gobierno corporativo y han tratado de mejorarlo proporcionando principios y estándares para todos los aspectos cubiertos por el gobierno corporativo.
Correlated Electron Materials and Field Effect Transistors for Logic: A Review

Correlated electron systems are among the centerpieces of modern condensed matter sciences, where many interesting physical phenomena, such as metal-insulator transition and high-Tc superconductivity appear. Recent efforts have been focused on electrostatic doping of such materials to probe the underlying physics without introducing disorder as well as to build field-effect transistors that may complement conventional semiconductor metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) technology. This review focuses on metal-insulator transition mechanisms in correlated electron materials and three-terminal field effect devices utilizing such correlated oxides as the channel layer. We first describe how electron-disorder interaction, electron-phonon interaction and/or electron correlation in solids could modify the electronic properties of materials and lead to metal-insulator transitions. Then we analyze experimental efforts toward utilizing these transitions in field effect transistors and their underlying principles. It is pointed out that correlated electron systems show promise among these various materials displaying phase transitions for logic technologies. Furthermore, novel phenomena emerging from electronic correlation could enable new functionalities in field effect devices. We then briefly review unconventional electrostatic gating techniques, such as ionic liquid gating and ferroelectric gating, which enables ultra large carrier accumulation density in the correlated materials which could in turn lead to phase transitions. The review concludes with a brief discussion on the prospects and suggestions for future research directions in correlated oxide electronics for information processing.
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DISPUTE RESOLUTION: ARBITRATION AND MEDIATION AS ALTERNATIVE METHODS

This paper deals with the role of arbitration and mediation as an alternative method for resolving disputes related to Intellectual Property (IP) apart from traditional methods like litigation which proves to be a very time-consuming method and expensive when we compare it with arbitration and mediation. Furthermore, the paper will focus on listing the advantages of arbitration and mediation when it comes to IP disputes and also analyze the increasing need to support these methods in India with the help of Legal frameworks like WIPO Arbitration and Mediation rules. Understanding what IP matters are arbitral depends on judicial precedents as there is no specific statute in India now that can clearly state the IP dispute resolution by alternate methods.
Detecting the processes of colliding plane gravitational waves by electromagnetic response signals

In this paper, we have considered how to detect the processes of plane gravitational waves colliding. The degenerate Ferrari-Ibanez solution describes the collision of plane gravitational waves with aligned linear polarization, and the solution of the interaction region is Schwarzschild-like metric by taking coordinate transformation, which impels us more interesting to detect the process to explore. We have calculated explicitly out the solutions of the electromagnetic field produced by the plane gravitational wave and the colliding region of plane gravitational waves perturbing a weak magnetic field background. The magnitudes are so small that the likelihood of detecting gravitational waves is only just emergence within the range of the most high-level modern apparatus such as the further upgraded aLIGO, but we can judge whether the collision process has occurred or not by measuring the amplitude and waveform of electromagnetic wave properties. Moreover, detecting electromagnetic waves can offer a new method to verify general relativity.
Access and allocation: rights to water, sanitation and hygiene

This paper provides a decadal review of earth system governance (ESG) literature surrounding access and allocation to water, sanitation and hygiene. ‘access and allocation’ is one of five analytical problems, and ‘water’ a cross-cutting theme, identified in the ESG science and implementation plan (Biermann et al. 2010). A focused review of ESG and related literature reveals that the ESG literature is very robust in relation to access to water, sanitation and hygiene as a human right. However, the ESG literature lacks a robust, independent consideration of the right to hygiene or sanitation or its linkage and costs vis-a-vis other rights. There is no criteria for resolving competing demands on finite freshwater resources, as well as procedures for balancing rights. It is unclear how a transformed nuanced narrative of water access and allocation rights will address vulnerability and social inequality within this new balancing act.
Patient safety culture can improve the quality of nursing care

Patient safety is an indispensable and vital component of healthcare systems, constituting a fundamental pillar of quality within healthcare organizations [1]. Currently, the focus on ensuring patient safety is a crucial aspect of delivering healthcare services in hospitals, as any deficiencies in this area may result in unfavorable outcomes. Indeed, the entitlement to be protected from harm while undergoing medical treatment is a fundamental human right. Ensuring patient safety is a critical measure of hospital management, and neglecting it may result in a rise in patient mortality [2].  Nursing errors and mistakes not only result in harm to patients but also give rise to various issues. These include ineffective and incomplete treatment, prolonged hospital stays, escalated expenses, erosion of patient confidence in the healthcare system, and the potential for legal complications for nurses [3].
THE CONSTITUTION OF UKRAINE AS THE MOST IMPORTANT LEGAL GUARANTEE OF SOVEREIGNTY AND TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF THE NATION

When preparing this article, the author set the goal of clarifying the role of the Basic Law of the Ukrainian State, as an important legal guarantee of legality and law and order, in ensuring its sovereignty and territorial integrity. The author’s analysis of the norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, which touch on the subject of the study, proved the extremely important role of the Basic Law of the Ukrainian state in ensuring its sovereignty and territorial integrity, because this legal document, as a legal guarantee of legality and law and order, not only legalizes, but also legitimizes the necessary, albeit sometimes unpopular, legally significant actions of various state and social institutions.
Knowledge Discovery in a Review of Monograph Acquisitions at an Academic Health Sciences Library

This study evaluates monograph acquisition decisions at an academic health sciences library using circulation and acquisitions data. The goal was to provide insight regarding how to allocate library funds to support research and education in disciplines of interest to the library user base. Data analysis revealed that allocations in 13 subject areas should be reviewed as the cost of circulation was greater than the average cost of circulation of the sample and the average cost of monographs was higher in these subject areas than the average cost of monographs in the sample. In contrast, 13 subjects returned cost of circulation rates lower than the average cost of circulation of the sample. These subjects merit stable budget allocation or increased allocation depending upon collection needs. Overall, this study found that this library is allocating a majority of resources to subjects with above average rates of use.
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell therapy: A regenerative medicine approach to geroscience

AbstractExtraordinary advances in medicine and public health have contributed to increasing life expectancy worldwide. However, health span—“healthy aging”—has paradoxically lagged to parallel this increase. Consequently, aging‐associated illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease and aging frailty, are having a growing impact on patients, their families, and entire health‐care systems. Typically, such disorders have been treated as isolated disease entities. However, the inextricable links between aging‐associated disorders and the aging process itself have become increasingly recognized, leading to formation of the field of geroscience. The geroscience concept is that treating the aging process itself should lead to treatment and prevention of aging‐related disorders. However, the aging process is complex, dictated by highly interrelated pleiotropic processes. As such, therapeutics with pleiotropic mechanisms of action (either alone, or as part of combinatorial strategies) will be required for preventing and treating both aging and related disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have multiple mechanisms of action that make these highly promising geroscience therapeutic candidates. These cells have a high safety profile for clinical use, are amenable to allogeneic use since tissue‐type matching is not required, and can have sustained activity after transplantation. Herein, we review preclinical and clinical data supporting the utility of allogeneic MSCs as a geroscience therapeutic candidate.
MT4AFE: A Deep Learning Benchmark Dataset for Agricultural Field Extraction

This letter introduces multitask learning for agricultural field extraction (MT4AFE), a new large-scale dataset dedicated to the semantic segmentation of agricultural fields. MT4AFE consists of high-resolution Sentinel-2 Level-3A satellite images and comprehensive reference data on agricultural fields from the French graphical parcel registry (RPG). The dataset contains 132 222 paired image-label patches, each measuring 256x 256 pixels, derived from multiple Sentinel-2 tiles across France. It covers a wide diversity of landscapes, environmental settings, and agricultural conditions. MT4AFE has been curated to provide researchers with a ready-to-use dataset to develop and assess deep learning (DL) methods for agricultural field delineation. The dataset offers not only pixel-level segmentation labels but also field boundary annotations and distance maps, making it particularly well suited for multitask learning approaches. MT4AFE contributes to advancing the state-of-the-art in agricultural remote sensing by offering a publicly available resource for reproducible research. The dataset's diverse coverage, with three different years of Sentinel-2 Level-3A data, will help further machine learning research in agricultural monitoring and improve data-driven methods for field delineation. The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15395167
Digital Privacy and The Right to Be Forgotten: Managing Public Access and Individual Rights in The Modern Internet Era

The advent of the digital age has ushered in unprecedented access to information, revolutionising communication, and knowledge sharing. However, this same technology has also raised profound concerns about individual privacy and the right to control personal data. At the heart of this complex issue lies the concept of the “Right to be forgotten”. The “right to forget” refers to the already intensively reflected situation that a historical event should no longer be revitalized due to the length of time elapsed since its occurrence; the “right to be forgotten” reflects the claim of an individual to have certain data deleted so that third persons can no longer trace them. This paper examines the Right to be Forgotten within the broader context of digital privacy, focusing on the challenge of balancing individual privacy rights with public access to information with a detailed review on the legal frameworks governing Right to be Forgotten, including the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and explores the practical implications of these regulations and other global data protection laws, assessing their impact on privacy and transparency. Through case studies and comparative analysis, the paper examines the practical implications of Right to be Forgotten, its effectiveness in different jurisdictions, and the challenges associated with implementing privacy protections in a globalized digital landscape.
A Unified Siamese Learning Framework for Zero-Day Anomaly Detection and Classification in Optical Networks

A multi-similarity Siamese neural network unifies zero-day anomaly detection and one-shot classification in optical networks, achieving over 99% accuracy and instant adaptability across lightpaths and unseen anomaly types without any retraining.
What Can a Small State Do? : Swedish Leadership in Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the United Nations

In the face of a global headwind against sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR), led by the Trump administration, Sweden has worked together with like-minded countries to keep ground in SRHR issues. The purpose of this thesis is to increase the knowledge about what strategies are available for small states to influence global policies in international organizations. Looking at the period of 2017–2019, this thesis aims to answer the question: “Which strategies has Sweden used to establish leadership in sexual and reproductive health and rights issues in the United Nations?” The analysis through the framework of leadership theory shows that Sweden utilized all strategies investigated (ideational, structural, directional and instrumental), acting like an efficient leader. Despite previous research assuming small states would rely less on traditional sources of power, Sweden actively deployed its structural resources, covering the gap after the Trump administration defunded the United Nations Population Fund. As a result of Sweden’s and other actors’ efforts, agreed language was protected at the Commission on Population and Development.
Qualitative analysis for state/event fault trees using formal model checking

A state/event fault tree (SEFT) is a modeling technique for describing the causal chains of events leading to failure in software-controlled complex systems. Such systems are ubiquitous in all areas of everyday life, and safety and reliability analyses are increasingly required for these systems. SEFTs combine elements from the traditional fault tree with elements from state-based techniques. In the context of the real-time safety-critical systems, SEFTs do not describe the time properties and important time-dependent system behaviors that can lead to system failures. Further, SEFTs lack the precise semantics required for formally modeling time behaviors. In this paper, we present a qualitative analysis method for SEFTs based on transformation from SEFT to timed automata (TA), and use the model checker UPPAAL to verify system requirements' properties. The combination of SEFT and TA is an important step towards an integrated design and verification process for real-time safety-critical systems. Finally, we present a case study of a powerboat autopilot system to confirm our method is viable and valid after achieving the verification goal step by step.
VLP: A Survey on Vision-Language Pre-training

In the past few years, the emergence of pre-training models has brought uni-modal fields such as computer vision (CV) and natural language processing (NLP) to a new era. Substantial works have shown they are beneficial for downstream uni-modal tasks and avoid training a new model from scratch. So can such pre-trained models be applied to multi-modal tasks? Researchers have explored this problem and made significant progress. This paper surveys recent advances and new frontiers in vision-language pre-training (VLP), including image-text and video-text pre-training. To give readers a better overall grasp of VLP, we first review its recent advances from five aspects: feature extraction, model architecture, pre-training objectives, pre-training datasets, and downstream tasks. Then, we summarize the specific VLP models in detail. Finally, we discuss the new frontiers in VLP. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey focused on VLP. We hope that this survey can shed light on future research in the VLP field.