ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
A systems biology approach to COVID-19 progression in a population

A number of models in mathematical epidemiology have been developed to account for control measures such as vaccination or quarantine. However, COVID-19 has brought unprecedented social distancing measures, with a challenge on how to include these in a manner that can explain the data but avoid overfitting in parameter inference. We here develop a simple time-dependent model, where social distancing effects are introduced analogous to coarse-grained models of gene expression control in systems biology. We apply our approach to understand drastic differences in COVID-19 infection and fatality counts, observed between Hubei (Wuhan) and other Mainland China provinces. We find that these unintuitive data may be explained through an interplay of differences in transmissibility, effective protection, and detection efficiencies between Hubei and other provinces. More generally, our results demonstrate that regional differences may drastically shape infection outbursts. The obtained results demonstrate the applicability of our developed method to extract key infection parameters directly from publically available data so that it can be globally applied to outbreaks of COVID-19 in a number of countries. Overall, we show that applications of uncommon strategies, such as methods and approaches from molecular systems biology research to mathematical epidemiology, may significantly advance our understanding of COVID-19 and other infectious diseases.
Genetic Discrimination in Health Insurance: Current Legal Protections and Industry Practices

Most states have enacted genetic nondiscrimination laws in health insurance, and federal legislation is pending in Congress. Scientists worry fear of discrimination discourages some patients from participating in clinical trials and hampers important medical research. This paper describes a study of medical underwriting practices in the individual health insurance market related to genetic information. Underwriters from 23 companies participated in a survey that asked them to underwrite four pairs of hypothetical applicants for health insurance. One person in each pair had received a positive genetic test result indicating increased risk of a future health condition—breast cancer, hemochromatosis, or heart disease—for a total of 92 underwriting decisions on applications involving genetic information. In seven of these 92 applications, underwriters said they would deny coverage, place a surcharge on premiums, or limit covered benefits based on an applicant's genetic information.
The Ethical Means of Discursive Practices in Business and the Rhetoric of Social Responsibility of the Corporate Sector in Post-LPG Period in India

In India of the Post-Reforms there has been a vertical mobilization of the resources both natural and machine based production. There is the organized and to a large extent restless methods of competition among the corporate for occupation of the market has been ensued to attract the consumers in different parts of the country but at the cost of grave ethical hazards to the present and future of the generations. For which the Corporate Responsibility has been forwarded as the basic policy of disciplining the conducts of the big industrial corporations who have controlled about 12% of India's GDP in 2011 and in a recent report of 2024 it has been estimated that the top five hundred companies had a combined valuation of $3.8 trillion that actually exceeded India's total GDP of $3.5 billion as of 2023. To do business through proper ethical practices which does mean the greater sense of consciousness towards the plight of the poor as well as in making efforts in providing the ample scope of deliverance of a proper mechanism of sustainable development .The paper would look into the context of ethical functioning of the context of business and the conditions of the corporate responsibility with proper scientific methodologies.
The contribution of a global service provider's Human Resources Information System (HRIS) to staff retention in emerging markets:Comparing issues and implications in six developing countries

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the contribution of a global IT service provider's Human Resources Information System (HRIS) to staff retention in emerging markets. This includes a comparison of the relevant issues and implications derived from a study investigating six developing countries. The author of this paper concludes that the functionality of global HR systems should be supplemented with local adaptions in order to achieve the best support for staff retention management.Design/methodology/approachThe theoretical framework for this paper is based on HR literature concerning staff retention and on the framework proposed by Martinsons for human resources management applications of knowledge‐based systems. The argument is illustrated by quotes from 16 semi‐structured expert interviews with Accenture HR executives and managers in Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Latvia and Slovakia.FindingsHRISs contribute positively to staff retention for global IT service providers in emerging markets. Especially important in minimizing turnover is the support they can provide for the allocation of employees to international engagements, including scheduling and training. Culture and local labor market differences do of course influence the HR functionalities needed. This paper provides insight into the factors that necessitate local adaptions to a global HRIS.Originality/valueThis paper addresses the differences and similarities in a global IT service provider's staff retention management and the contribution of its HRIS – including global functionality and local adaptions – towards this goal in six developing countries.
Occupational Health And Safety (OHS) management for employees on the risk of diseases due to the intensity of computer use in the workplace/industry

The research objectives of this study are: (1) urgent problems faced by employees when using computers; (2) computer components at risk of causing physical illness; and (3) mapping of disease experienced by OHS related employees on the computer. The subjects of this study are employees in three places of work / industry how many in Malang that work with computers with a duration of at least nine hours per day. The results of this study include: 1) the urgent problems experienced by the employees of the computer user include comfort (60%), position / feet distance (60%), monitor position at the work table (55%), mouse position (55%), (70%), rest breaks (75%), sitting position (70%), work desk condition (15%), room condition (25%), and rest break time (35%); 2) components on the computer that are at risk of causing computer-related OHS diseases that are computer CPU box (5%), computer monitor (25%), computer keyboard (10%), computer mouse (20%), computer cables (10%), and computer desk-chairs (30%); and 3) high-risk diseases suffered by employees of computer users include sicca-syndrome (55%), astenopia (70%), headache-comp (85%), Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) syndrom (55%), and Carpal tunnel syndrome (30%).
Universal Functionals in Density Functional Theory

In this chapter we first review the Levy-Lieb functional, which gives the lowest kinetic and interaction energy that can be reached with all possible quantum states having a given density. We discuss two possible convex generalizations of this functional, corresponding to using mixed canonical and grand-canonical states, respectively. We present some recent works about the local density approximation, in which the functionals get replaced by purely local functionals constructed using the uniform electron gas energy per unit volume. We then review the known upper and lower bounds on the Levy-Lieb functionals. We start with the kinetic energy alone, then turn to the classical interaction alone, before we are able to put everything together. An appendix is devoted to the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem and the role of many-body unique continuation in its proof.
The connection between mental health symptoms and social media experiences in adolescence

Peer reviewed
Supplementary Table S4 from Prediction of Stage, Grade, and Survival in Bladder Cancer Using Genome-wide Expression Data: A Validation Study

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MAKE SUBMISSION ADDITIONAL MENU FOCUS AND SCOPE PUBLICATION ETHICS AUTHOR GUIDELINES PEER REVIEW PROCESS EDITORIAL TEAM REVIEWERS COPYRIGHT NOTICE CONTAC US TEMPLATE TOOLS VISITORS Flag Counter Font Size Make font size smallerMake font size defaultMake font size larger Open Journal Systems Notifications View (492 new) Manage About The Authors Alfiyatul Azizah Indonesia Firman Syah Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia Indonesia Yeti Dahliana Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia Indonesia Muhammad Iqbal Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta Indonesia Indonesia Journal Help HomeAboutUser HomeSearchCurrentArchivesAnnouncements Home > Vol 9, No 1 (2024) > Azizah INTERNALISASI PEMAHAMAN AL-QUR`AN DALAM BENTUK MACAPAT SEKAR SARI KIDUNG RAHAYU

Penyebaran agama Islam berbanding lurus dengan pertumbuhan tafsir Al-Qur`an di seluruh penjuru dunia. Seringkali, Islam beradaptasi dan kemudian berakulturasi serta menunjukkan aktualisasinya dengan budaya setempat dalam berbagai bentuk. Di antara bentuk aktualisasi pemahaman Al-Qur’an yang muncul di kalangan masyarakat Jawa Tengah adalah lahirnya terjemah Al-Qur’an dalam bentuk tembang macapat. Pada penelitian ini, penulis berkonsentrasi pada buku Sekar Sari Kidung Rahayu: Sekar Macapat Terjemahanipun Juz ‘amma karya Achmad Djuwahir Anomwidjaja. Penelitian ini mempunyai nilai penting karena selama ini studi ketokohan Achmad Djuwahir Anomwidjaja belum ditemukan secara komprehensif terlebih yang berkaitan dengan pemahamannya terhadap Al-Qur`an. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini adalah pertama untuk mengetahui bagaimana sejarah hidup Achmad Djuwahir Anomwidjaja, dan kedua bagaimana internalisasi pemahaman Al-Qur`an Achmad Djuwahir Anomwidjaja yang dituangkan dalam karya Sekar Sari Kidung Rahayu: Sekar Macapat Terjemahanipun Juz ‘amma. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan bersifat deskriptif analitik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian gabungan antara penelitian lapangan dan penelitian pustaka. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Achmad Djuwahir menginternalisasikan pemahaman atas ayat-ayat Juz ‘amma ke dalam tembang macapat Jawa. Hal ini dilakukan oleh Djawahir untuk membumikan pemahaman ayat ke dalam bahasa dan metode yang sudah diketahui oleh masyarakat Jawa secara umum. Djawahir tidak hanya mengalihbahasakan saja, melainkan juga memberikan pengantar berupa motivasi dan pengetahuan umum terkait surat tersebut, baik dari sisi penamaan, sebab diturunkannya, maupun maqasid-maqasid khusus yang secara tersurat dan tersirat dijelaskan oleh surat tersebut.
Alignment of large language models with constrained learning

We study the problem of computing an optimal large language model (LLM) policy for the constrained alignment problem, where the goal is to maximize a primary reward objective while satisfying constraints on secondary utilities. Despite the popularity of Lagrangian-based LLM policy search in constrained alignment, iterative primal-dual methods often fail to converge, and non-iterative dual-based methods do not achieve optimality in the LLM parameter space. To address these challenges, we employ Lagrangian duality to develop an iterative dual-based alignment method that alternates between updating the LLM policy via Lagrangian maximization and updating the dual variable via dual descent. In theory, we characterize the primal-dual gap between the primal value in the distribution space and the dual value in the LLM parameter space. We further quantify the optimality gap of the learned LLM policies at near-optimal dual variables with respect to both the objective and the constraint functions. These results prove that dual-based alignment methods can find an optimal constrained LLM policy, up to an LLM parametrization gap. We demonstrate the effectiveness and merits of our approach through extensive experiments conducted on the PKU-SafeRLHF and Anthropic HH-RLHF datasets.
Dimensioning a drinking water distribution network in Collique (Lima): introduction to the human right to water and sanitation

Complementary material from the case study “Dimensioning a Drinking Water Distribution Network in Collique (Lima): Introduction to the Human Right to Water and Sanitation”, part of the book “Case Studies to Integrate and Promote Global Issues in STEM Education”.
Current understanding and challenges in bioprocessing of stem cell-based therapies for regenerative medicine

A novel manufacturing industry is emerging to translate unique cellular therapy bioprocesses to robust, scaled manufacturing production for successful clinical translation.This review summarizes key translational issues, and current and future perspectives to improve translation of cell-based therapy bioprocessing, based on literature search and author research.It is widely recognized that cell-based therapies could revolutionize health care for a range of diseases, and that there are gaps in the overarching framework and technologies to generate clinical success.There is limited understanding of how to fulfil requirements as regulatory and manufacturing guidelines are incomplete and few have achieved commercialization.Recent developments are encouraging adoption of automation and quality engineering approaches for bioprocessing of cell-based therapies.Include technology development to improve the cost and purity of manufacture and final product quality.
Using a time series databases as a component оf oil pumping units monitoring

The article considers the use of time series databases as part of SCADA systems for monitoring oil production facilities. The study focuses on the process of operational collection, storage and analysis of large volumes of technological parameters of the unit received in real time from sensors. The analysis revealed that traditional relational DBMSs are insufficient for processing high-frequency data streams at the engineering level. This complicates the prediction of failures and timely response to emergency situations. To achieve this goal, modern architectures and approaches to organizing time series storage were analyzed. This includes specialized file formats, hybrid solutions (TimescaleDB) and distributed systems (InfluxDB, QuestDB, GridDB). The criteria for selecting the optimal time series database for the engineering level of SCADA systems are proposed, taking into account performance requirements, ease of deployment, compatibility with industrial protocols, visualisation and implementation costs. A comparative analysis shows the ad-vantages of using InfluxDB, which provides write operations that are 5–10 times faster, flexible integration with Grafana, and support for open data exchange standards. Examples of practical application of InfluxDB for storing and visualising the parameters of an oil pumping unit are given. Unlike the classical time representation, the dynamogram method of constructing the dependencies of the installation parameters on each other is presented. The proposed approach to using InfluxDB for collecting and analysing parameters of the oil pumping unit at the engineering level of SCADA systems can be applied to the design and operation of operational control and monitoring systems of oil fielda.
Corporate social responsibility reporting practices of Eurozone companies

For most of the world`s largest companies, a voluntary reporting on non-financial information appears to be a continuing trend. Communication of social and environmental dimensions of the company plays a key role in the sustainable development of organizations and therefore should be investigated more in depth. In order to contribute to the research in this area the aim of this empirical study was to analyse CSR reporting practices of Eurozone companies, according to the Spanish Accounting and Business Association’s (AECA) Integrated Scorecard Taxonomy, and the factors that can influence its use. Moreover, given that the evolution of the Web has led companies to consider other strategies of communication; ones more flexible than traditional media, and which enable them to reach wider audiences and different groups of stakeholders, this thesis also investigates the usage of social media such as LinkedIn and YouTube for CSR disclosure. Thus, another aim of this study was to analyse the extent to which Eurozone companies use the social network LinkedIn, how they manage their online practices, which is their typical audience, and which are the potential factors influencing both extent and audience. Similarly, this thesis also provides an analysis of the extent and main purposes of the YouTube’s usage; the companies’ activity and online practices; as well as the factors on this platform influencing the channel´s activity; the audience; the stakeholder’s engagement and CSR disclosure. For the purposes of this research, a sample of 306 Eurozone companies listed in the STOXX Europe 600 index, including 19 subsectors and 12 countries, has been analysed. The main contribution of this thesis is providing an overview of CSR reporting practices of large Eurozone companies while broadening the previous research by providing new evidence of sustainability disclosure through social media. We believe that this thesis provides theoretical and practical implications and both academics and professionals might benefit of it.
Rough Set Based Uncertainty Management for Spatial Databases and Geographical Information Systems

Uncertainty management is necessary for real world applications. This especially holds true for database systems. Spatial data and geographic information systems in particular require some means for managing uncertainty. Rough set theory has been shown to be an effective tool for data mining and for uncertainty management in databases. This paper addresses the particular needs for management of uncertainty in spatial data and GIS and discusses ways in which rough sets can be used to enhance these systems.
The Role of Precedent and                     <i>Stare Decisis</i>                     in the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body

Abstract                   The World Trade Organization was established in 1995 and brought together countries from around the world for the purpose of fairly regulating the trade of goods, services, and intellectual property between its member states. While treaties and other trade agreements have existed between countries for hundreds of years, the WTO's most significant innovation is its dispute settlement process through the Dispute Settlement Body. Countries agree to be bound to the decisions of the DSB upon their admittance into the WTO. The DSB is a two-tiered adjudicative system consisting of the lower panels and the higher Appellate Body.                                        The United States, under both the Obama and Trump administrations, has blocked the appointment of AB judges. This tactic has limited the number of active judges to three. The AB normally has seven members. The United States has listed a number of reasons for their boycott of the system, among them is that the AB is functioning as if its reports are to be binding precedent on the lower panel and to future DSB cases, in a manner similar to                     stare decisis                     . This issue has been observed over the years and there is conflict between interpretations of precedent under Article 3:2 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding and Article IX:2 of the WTO Agreement. Caselaw of the DSB from over the years has also raised interesting questions and the appearance of the use of precedent.                                                           This article will be examining the historical fundamentals and use of precedent and the doctrine of                     stare decisis.                     It will then turn into an examination of the institutional and regulatory framework of the WTO, particularly Article 3:2 of the DSU and Article IX:2 of the WTO Agreement, and whether it allows or leaves room for a system of binding precedent. Finally, jurisprudence of the DSB will be surveyed for evidence of this system. Reports that will be examined are                     Japan-Alcoholic Beverages                     ,                     India-Patents                     ,                     India-Autos                     , and                     Australia-Plain Packaging Tobacco                     .
An overview of health technology assessments of gene therapies with the focus on cost-effectiveness models

Gene therapies can treat, prevent, or cure a disease by changing the expression of a person's genes. They are an innovative strategy for treating genetic disorders; however, they are still emerging on the market access and in the healthcare system. Health technology assessment (HTA) agencies have not yet elaborated any standardised approach for assessing gene therapies; therefore, significant differences can be seen during HTAs carried out in various countries. In this review, we focused on submitted economic models of gene therapies approved for use by the US FDA and EMA with the aim to provide a comprehensive summary of how selected HTA bodies assessed the cost-effectiveness of gene therapies. An additional objective was to examine and discuss differences in the methods used in economic models across countries and drugs.We identified economic models of gene therapies from six countries (NICE, IQWiG, SMC, HAS, CADTH, ICER) and focused on nine agents (Glybera, Imlygic, Strimvelis, Yescarta, Kymriah, Luxturna, Zynteglo, Zolgensma, Tecartus). Details of cost-utility evaluations and budget impact models were reviewed and extracted.Overall, 983 publications were identified, and 17 studies were included for the analysis. Reviewed evaluations of gene therapies differed in terms of the study perspective, discounting, extrapolation of outcomes based on limited and immature data, time horizon, and adequate estimation of benefits in terms of quality-adjusted life-years. Methods of economic evaluations were in line with the current recommendations; however, long-term follow-up studies are still missing.Discrepancies in an economic evaluation of gene therapies between different HTA bodies are rooted in a lack of general assessment frameworks specific to gene therapies. Although challenges were resolved by adjustments to the currently used value assessment framework, new methodological approaches would be useful. In addition, to improve the methods and quality of an evaluation, further research would be valuable.