ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
SEER: An End-to-End Toolkit for Benchmarking Time Series Database Systems in Monitoring Applications

Time series database systems (TSDBs) are prevalent in many applications ranging from monitoring and IoT devices to scientific research. Those systems are specifically designed to efficiently manage data indexed by time. Because of the variety of workloads, the diversity of time series features, and the sophistication of existing TSDBs, there is no clear way to pick the most suitable system.           In this demo, we introduce SEER, an automated, configurable, and interactive toolkit to evaluate TSDBs. SEER is based on TSM-Bench, a benchmark tailored for time series database systems used in monitoring applications. It implements an end-to-end pipeline for database benchmarking from data generation and feature contamination to workload evaluation. Users can define their portfolios by configuring and parameterizing custom queries, specifying their frequencies, controlling the type and level of data features, and indicating the type of workloads. Moreover, they can deploy new systems and/or reconfigure the pre-installed ones. SEER would process users' requests and gracefully recommend the best system on a use-case basis.
Computational topology and the Unique Games Conjecture

Covering spaces of graphs have long been useful for studying expanders (as "graph lifts") and unique games (as the "label-extended graph"). In this paper we advocate for the thesis that there is a much deeper relationship between computational topology and the Unique Games Conjecture. Our starting point is Linial's 2005 observation that the only known problems whose inapproximability is equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture - Unique Games and Max-2Lin - are instances of Maximum Section of a Covering Space on graphs. We then observe that the reduction between these two problems (Khot-Kindler-Mossel-O'Donnell, FOCS 2004; SICOMP, 2007) gives a well-defined map of covering spaces. We further prove that inapproximability for Maximum Section of a Covering Space on (cell decompositions of) closed 2-manifolds is also equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture. This gives the first new "Unique Games-complete" problem in over a decade.   Our results partially settle an open question of Chen and Freedman (SODA 2010; Disc. Comput. Geom., 2011) from computational topology, by showing that their question is almost equivalent to the Unique Games Conjecture. (The main difference is that they ask for inapproximability over $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$, and we show Unique Games-completeness over $\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}$ for large $k$.) This equivalence comes from the fact that when the structure group $G$ of the covering space is Abelian - or more generally for principal $G$-bundles - Maximum Section of a $G$-Covering Space is the same as the well-studied problem of 1-Homology Localization.   Although our most technically demanding result is an application of Unique Games to computational topology, we hope that our observations on the topological nature of the Unique Games Conjecture will lead to applications of algebraic topology to the Unique Games Conjecture in the future.
COMPARING THE ACCRETION DISK EVOLUTION OF BLACK HOLE AND NEUTRON STAR X-RAY BINARIES FROM LOW TO SUPER-EDDINGTON LUMINOSITY

17 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, accepted for publication in ApJ
Health technology assessment for PSMA-PET: striving towards a cost-effective management of prostate cancer

To summarize recent analyses on the economic aspects regarding the use of PSMA-PET in prostate cancer and to evaluate the cost-effective management of patients referred to this new generation imaging to stage the disease. A comprehensive search was performed based on SCOPUS and PubMed databases to evaluate studies reporting about cost analysis in PSMA-PET. Preliminary data regarding the cost-effective management of prostate cancer patients investigated with PSMA-PET have been found. These studies both explored the pre-surgery and the biochemical recurrent setting. Furthermore, separate analyses about the use hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI scanners have been reported. PSMA-PET has the potential to save time and reduce costs from a patient and health-care perspective, by providing a more accurate disease staging and leading to more effective, personalized, imaging-guided approach.
Erratum to: Sustainable Management of Fisheries and Aquaculture for Food Security and Nutrition: Policies Requirements and Actions

The important contributions made by fisheries and aquaculture, in meeting the world food and nutritional demands need to be comprehended and their sustainable management is imperative for food security and nutrition. According to the FAO report (FAO 2012), fisheries and aquaculture contributed around 16 % of animal protein intake and support to the livelihood of 10–12 % of the world population. Employment in the fisheries and aquaculture primary sector has continued to grow faster than employment in agriculture, so that by 2010 it represented 4.2 % of the 1.3 billion people economically active in the broad agricultural sectors worldwide, compared with 2.7 % in 1990. Aquaculture is the fastest growing form of food production in the world with tremendous annual growth rates of 8.8 % per year, having expanded by almost 12 times in the last three decades (1980–2010), providing now more than 40 % of the fish consumed worldwide, allowing to keep pace with the growing demand while capture fisheries are stagnating. However, the rapid development of aquaculture has come with associated environmental costs such as habitat degradation, disease and pollution. The inland capture fisheries sectors are threatened by habitat degradation, pollution, invasive species, landscape fragmentation, disruption of river flows by dams and overexploitation of upstream water resources. Most of the stocks of the top ten species, which account in total for about 30 % of world marine capture fisheries production are fully exploited and, therefore, have no potential for increases in production. Integrated aquatic resource management with multiple objectives to meet economic, social and biological goals adapting ecosystem approach is vital for the sustainable development, equity and efficiency. As a concept, a stabilised aquatic resource system aims to ensure that resource exploitation contributes to sustainability, inclusive social development and economic growth, while seeking to counter the notion that sustainability and growth are mutually exclusive.
Evaluating Error Mitigation Strategies for Entangled Quantum States on Near-Term Quantum Computers

Entanglement is one of the quantum mechanical properties to which recently emerging quantum computers attribute an exponential increase in computing power. however, these systems are subject to a set of noise-inducing physical processes and hardware-level imperfections that render the results from quantum circuits erroneous. Bridging the time until sufficient qubits are available to compensate for these effects, quantum error mitigation algorithms aim at improving the result accuracy on near-term quantum devices. This empirical investigation describes and compares customary fundamental approaches to error mitigation for quantum states in condition of entanglement on real quantum computers. It is demonstrated that two readily implementable techniques regarding circuit design and measurement error mitigation may lead to a considerable increase in the quality of results.
Towards sample path estimates for fast–slow stochastic partial differential equations

Estimates for sample paths of fast–slow stochastic ordinary differential equations have become a key mathematical tool relevant for theory and applications. In particular, there have been breakthroughs by Berglund and Gentz to prove sharp exponential error estimates. In this paper, we take the first steps in order to generalise this theory to fast–slow stochastic partial differential equations. In a simplified setting with a natural decomposition into low- and high-frequency modes, we demonstrate that for a short-time period the probability for the corresponding sample path to leave a neighbourhood around the stable slow manifold of the system is exponentially small as well.
Midterm Status Report of the ILC Technology Network Activities

The ILC Technology Network (ITN) was established in 2022 by the ILC International Development Team, a subcommittee of the International Committee for Future Accelerators, to advance engineering studies toward the realisation of the International Linear Collider (ILC). While the ITN work packages focus on engineering activities for the ILC, their topics are also relevant to a broad range of accelerator applications in particle physics and beyond. These work packages are being carried out now by laboratories in Asia and Europe in close collaboration. This report summarises the current status of the ITN activities.
A Hospital-to-Nursing Home Transfer Process Associated With Low Hospital Readmission Rates While Targeting Quality of Care, Patient Safety, and Convenience: A 20-Year Perspective

Safe patient transfer from hospitals to skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) is one of the most logistically challenging safety problems in the US medical system.The authors describe a community that experienced inefficient transfers in the 1990s, spurring development of continuous quality improvement (CQI) methods to develop transfer forms and processes to improve efficiency.The community established a Geriatric Forum for educational and process improvement purposes. Attendees consist of anyone involved with care of older patients in the community. Over the years, minor environmental changes forced periodic adjustments to transfer processes. The need for adjustment is identified by asking the simple question, "Have any problems occurred with transfers lately?" When problems are identified, forum attendees make process changes. The current forms and processes are discussed in detail.Initial improvement in efficiency of transfers also produced improvements in patient safety and quality of medical care according to periodic internal surveys. During 2009, this community's 30-day rehospitalization rate of patients discharged to a SNF was 14.75%, lower than any national or state average reported rate.Developing hospital-to-SNF transfer methods focusing on the traditional CQI goals of efficiency, patient safety, and quality of care also yields lower hospital readmission rates. Because the methodology is that of CQI, a widely taught skill, similar programs could be established between any hospital and the SNFs to which it discharges patients. The particular examples of transfer forms and processes described might be helpful to other programs.
Recognising the land rights of indigenous peoples and rural communities

Current global trends are putting increasing economic pressure onland and natural resources, raising the risk that new waves of internaldisplacement may be caused by the combined forces of climatechange and large-scale investment in agriculture.
sj-docx-9-css-10.1177_24705470231169106 - Supplemental material for Mental Health Among People Presenting for Care of Physical Symptoms: The Factors Associated with Suicidality and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are Similar Across Specialties

Supplemental material, sj-docx-9-css-10.1177_24705470231169106 for Mental Health Among People Presenting for Care of Physical Symptoms: The Factors Associated with Suicidality and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are Similar Across Specialties by Sina Ramtin, Kathleen Carberry, Maria Correa, David Ring, Carol Alter and Donna Shanor in Chronic Stress
Pengungkapan Sustainability Report, Corporate Social Responsibility dan Kinerja Perusahaan terhadap Tax Avoidance

Main Purpose Mining companies are encouraged to make detailed disclosures through sustainability reports and implement corporate social responsibility. This research aims to determine effect disclosure of sustainability reports, corporate social responsibility and company performance on tax avoidance. Method - This research a quantitative approach and data processing using linear regression method with a sample of 10 mineral subsector companies for the 2021-2023 period. The research sample was determined based on the purposive sampling method. This research uses data analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistical, classical assumption and multiple linear regression. Main Findings - The research findings indicate that the disclosure of the sustainability report and company performance have a significant positive effect on tax avoidance. Corporate social responsibility has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance. Company performance has a positive influence on tax avoidance. Theory and Practical Implications - The results of this study provide a theoretical contribution by demonstrating that the disclosure of sustainability reports and company performance can have a positive relationship with tax avoidance practices, while CSR shows a negative influence. Novelty - In previous studies, the relationship between sustainability reports, corporate social responsibility, and company performance has often been discussed partially, considering these aspects in a more holistic manner. The researcher is interested in further exploring the impact of sustainability report disclosure, corporate social responsibility, and company performance on tax avoidance, with a specific and relevant focus on mineral sub-sector mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021–2023. Keywords: sustainability report, corporate social responsibility, Firm Perfomance, tax avoidance.
AI for translation and interpreting: A roadmap for users and policymakers

This Reflection Paper by the Special Interest Group on AI in Translation and Interpreting (hereafter T&amp;I) of the European Language Council, comprising 25 scholars from 19 universities across 14 countries, calls for a more informed use of AI for T&amp;I purposes. While acknowledging the potential of Generative AI and Large Language Models (LLMs), the authors point to several communicative, legal, and ethical concerns and risks and liabilities that occur when these concerns are not duly considered. The authors’ aim is to help policymakers and the wider public understand how LLMs ‘communicate’, what they are capable of, and where their limitations lie. They also seek to highlight communicative settings in which LLMs’ quality and reliability are insufficient, and in which the expertise of trained translators, interpreters, and T&amp;I scholars is needed. A central claim is that LLMs offer powerful tools but not catch-all solutions. T&amp;I are complex, human-centred communication activities that require much more than probabilistic prediction. In contexts where understanding, trustworthiness, and clarity are crucial, and especially where sensitive data and high-stakes settings are involved, professional expertise remains irreplaceable. Responsible AI use—anchored in human values, ethics, equity and the pursuit of quality in communication—is the only sustainable path forward.
On Extracting Thermal Parameters and Scenario in High-Energy Collisions

In this minireview article, we examine the inconsistent results of thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions. Through a comprehensive literature review and based on the average transverse momentum or the root-mean-square transverse momentum, we propose model-independent parameters to address these inconsistencies. The relevant parameters include: the initial temperature, the effective temperature, the kinetic freeze-out temperature, and the average transverse velocity. Our findings indicate that these four parameters are larger in central collisions, within central rapidity regions, at higher energies, and in larger collision systems. As collision energy increases, excitation functions for all four parameters rise rapidly (slowly) within ranges below (above) approximately 7.7 GeV. At higher energies (>39) GeV, fluctuations occur in trends for these excitation functions, with only slight changes observed in their growth rates. Additionally, this work reveals a mass-dependent multi-temperature scenario pertaining to both initial states and kinetic freeze-out processes.
Tax compliance and privacy rights in profiling and automated decision making

New technologies allow tax authorities to carry out faster and automated analysis of large amounts of data, minimising errors and saving time. Some of these technologies enable tax administrations to identify and cluster taxpayers based on the risk of noncompliance. Consequently, “high risk” taxpayers will be audited. The European Union General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has introduced new provisions on automated decision making and how individuals can be profiled - technology, such as the one implemented by tax administrations, could present difficulties in this area. Even if profiling and automated decision making in tax matters are included in the broader public interest exception, safeguards to taxpayers’ privacy rights need to be in place.
Comparative analysis of minority women rights protection in Moldova and Ukraine in the light of the international human rights standards

The current research ‘Comparative Analysis of Minority Women Rights Protection in Moldova and Ukraine in the Light of the International Human Rights Standards’/ «Մոլդովայում և Ուկրաինայում փոքրամասնություն կազմող կանանց իրավունքների պաշտպանության համեմատական վերլուծություն մարդու իրավունքների միջազգային ստանդարտների հիման վրա։» / «Сравнительный анализ защиты прав женщин из числа меньшинств в Молдове и в Украине через призму международных стандартов в области прав человека» explores the extent of policy protection of minority women rights in Moldova and Ukraine, comparatively analyses the correspondence of the national legal frameworks of these countries with the international standards in the field of minority women protection, and justifies the necessity to study this field in Moldovan and Ukrainian context. For these purposes the situation with minority women protection in Moldova and Ukraine has been briefly analysed, standards and recommendations of the international human rights mechanisms have been studied, the policies and legislative frameworks in this field have been analysed on a comparative basis, and the issues of their correspondence to the international standards have been explored. The research has led to the following conclusions: 1) Minority women in both, Moldova and Ukraine, experience multiple forms of discrimination and marginalization, making them one of the most vulnerable social groups; 2) International human rights mechanisms provide a moderate body of standards and recommendations to guide national policy-making in Ukraine and Moldova; 3) The national policy frameworks in Moldova and Ukraine with few insignificant exceptions miss the minority women perspective in planning, programming, and regulation, leaving this particular social subgroup basically unaddressed, despite their international obligations; 4) Both states strongly need to harmonize their policy and legal frameworks with the international human rights standards and recommendations concerning minority women, and subsequently implement them effectively; 5) National strategies and laws have to be based on gender and minority disaggregated and cross-disaggregated data.
Electrochemistry of Cathode Materials for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries Using Microelectrode Voltammetry

Abstract not Available.
Conceptualizing fairness in the secondary use of health data for research: A scoping review

With the introduction of the European Health Data Space (EHDS), the secondary use of health data for research purposes is set to rapidly escalate. Secondary health data processing promises to address novel research questions, inform the design of future research and improve healthcare delivery generally. To comply with the existing data protection regulations, the secondary data use must be fair to individuals, among other things. However, there is no clear understanding of what fairness means in the context of secondary use of health data for scientific research purposes. In response, we conducted a scoping review of argument-based literature to explore how fairness for the individuals in the secondary use of health data has been conceptualized. Our review has revealed that balancing individual and public interests, reducing power asymmetries, setting conditions for commercial involvement and implementing benefit sharing were essential to guarantee fair secondary use research for individuals. The findings of this review can inform current and future research practices and policy development in order to adequately address concerns about fairness in the secondary use of health data.
The Challenges Facing African Court of Human and Peoples’ Rights

(No Abstract)
The Synthinel-1 dataset: a collection of high resolution synthetic overhead imagery for building segmentation

Recently deep learning - namely convolutional neural networks (CNNs) - have yielded impressive performance for the task of building segmentation on large overhead (e.g., satellite) imagery benchmarks. However, these benchmark datasets only capture a small fraction of the variability present in real-world overhead imagery, limiting the ability to properly train, or evaluate, models for real-world application. Unfortunately, developing a dataset that captures even a small fraction of real-world variability is typically infeasible due to the cost of imagery, and manual pixel-wise labeling of the imagery. In this work we develop an approach to rapidly and cheaply generate large and diverse virtual environments from which we can capture synthetic overhead imagery for training segmentation CNNs. Using this approach, generate and publicly-release a collection of synthetic overhead imagery - termed Synthinel-1 with full pixel-wise building labels. We use several benchmark dataset to demonstrate that Synthinel-1 is consistently beneficial when used to augment real-world training imagery, especially when CNNs are tested on novel geographic locations or conditions.
Public Perceptions about Trust in Emergency Risk Communication: Qualitative Research Findings

Communication to the general public is a critical component of effective emergency response following terrorism events. Trust is essential to effective communication. Four Schools of Public Health conducted focus groups across the country with different ethnic groups to inform development of public messages and strategies in the event of an emergency. Secondary analysis of the transcripts was conducted to explore factors related to trust in government. General lack of confidence in the government's ability to respond was associated with concerns about preparedness, lack of disclosure and dedication. Local officials and emergency responders were more trusted than federal officials, and were associated with greater levels of disclosure and empathy. Past experience contributed to perceptions of trust. Urban groups were more concerned about officials’ honesty; whereas rural groups were concerned about resource allocation. Local organizations and agencies were most trusted, as well as the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) and the American Red Cross (ARC). The findings lead to recommendations related to allocation of emergency response resources for underserved areas; integration of local and federal agencies in emergency response preparedness and communication; and an emphasis on full disclosure, action steps, and leadership in emergency response communication.