ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table 1: Summary of studies directly assessing antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistant genes (ARG) in more than one domain of humans, food-producing animals and the environment from Human, animal and environmental contributors to antibiotic resistance in low resource settings: integrating behavioural, epidemiological and One Health approaches

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is recognized as a One Health challenge because of the rapid emergence and dissemination of resistant bacteria and genes among humans, animals and the environment on a global scale. However, there is a paucity of research assessing ABR contemporaneously in humans, animals and the environment in low-resource settings. This critical review seeks to identify the extent of One Health research on ABR in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Existing research has highlighted hotspots for environmental contamination; food-animal production systems that are likely to harbour reservoirs or promote transmission of ABR as well as high and increasing human rates of colonization with ABR commensal bacteria such as Escherichia coli. However, very few studies have integrated all three components of the One Health spectrum to understand the dynamics of transmission of AMR and the prevalence of community-acquired resistance in humans and animals. Microbiological, epidemiological and social science research is needed at community and population levels across the One Health spectrum in order to fill the large gaps in knowledge of ABR in low-resource settings.
Combating corruption through transparency

Transparency has often been hailed as one of the main mechanisms through which corruption can be combated due to the fact that it supposedly increases levels of accountability. In this sense, e-government would be the platform through which this can be achieved. However, as the author demonstrates, this is a failed assumption since it is not applicable to several national contexts, such as is the case of Brazil. In addition, most studies in this field have so far relied on rational-choice models and have thus failed to demonstrate causation, often undertaking instead a strong normative undertone. This study therefore aims to reach beyond what has already been done, and demonstrate why investments in transparency have not achieved the desired results by conducting an interpretive piece of research and adopting a multi-case study approach, whereby incidences of corruption in Brazil will serve as the cases. It aims to go against the stream of normative work and produce an actual theoretical framework to explain this phenomenon, thereby contributing to the advancement of the IS field, more specifically, the area of e-government, and providing a guide for policy-makers' investments.
Semi-supervised remote sensing image classification methods assessment

Supervised and unsupervised learning are two well disseminated and discussed paradigms which define how image classification techniques extract knowledge about the data. A recent learning paradigm, called semi-supervised, comes to solve some limitations of supervised learning, as the amount of information needed to conduce an appropriated learning process. Different models of semi-supervised learning have been proposed in literature, which ones basically explore statistical or clustering data proprieties. This work presents a simulation study on the performance of some semi-supervised learning models, applied in image classification methods.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Large Language Model in Pediatric Case Studies

This diagnostic study evaluates the accuracy of a large language model against physician diagnoses in pediatric cases.
Michel Foucault in technology-enhanced learning: An analytic review of 10 Foucauldian studies on online education

This paper aims to introduce Foucault’s theoretical ideas to researchers of Technology-Enhanced Learning (TEL), particularly researchers who are interested in online educational provisions. This paper explains some of Foucault’s key ideas that may, if rigorously applied, exert disruptive and constructive power on TEL scholarship. The explanation is grounded on the author’s close reading of 10 journal articles that used Foucault’s theory to better understand social subjects and issues related to online education. Using Foucault’s ideas will enable TEL researchers to do the following: 1) to be more critical, challenging taken-for-granted assumptions that often prevent their knowledge progression; 2) to see the big picture, making sense of complex power relations embedded in their practices; and 3) to establish a historical and developmental perspective on the present, which is required to develop a better future. The paper concludes with a rather cautionary comment that researchers must use Foucault’s theory only when it clearly has something to contribute.Keywords: Foucault; online education; open education; Discourse; subjectificationPart of the Special Issue Debating the status of ‘theory’ in technology enhanced learning research
Molecular dynamics simulations of a new branched antimicrobial peptide: A comparison of force fields

Branched antimicrobial peptides are promising as a new class of antibiotics displaying high activity and low toxicity and appear to work through a unique mechanism of action. We explore the structural dynamics of a covalently branched 18 amino acid peptide (referred to as B2088) in aqueous and membrane mimicking environments through molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Towards this, we carry out conventional MD simulations and supplement these with replica exchange simulations. The simulations are carried out using four different force fields that are commonly employed for simulating biomolecular systems. These force fields are GROMOS53a6, CHARMM27 with cMAP, CHARMM27 without cMAP and AMBER99sb. The force fields are benchmarked against experimental data available from circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and show that CHARMM27 without cMAP correction is the most successful in reproducing the structural dynamics of B2088 both in water and in the presence of micelles. Although the four force fields predict different structures of B2088, they all show that B2088 stabilizes against the head group of the lipid through hydrogen bonding of its Lys and Arg side chains. This leads us to hypothesize that B2088 is unlikely to penetrate into the hydrophobic region of the membrane owing to the high free energy costs of transfer from water, and possibly acts by carpeting and thus disrupting the membrane.
Current study on human-computer interaction in machine learning

Machine learning has become one of the research hotspots at home and internationally due to the continued growth of artificial intelligence, and the application of machine learning is more and more widely developed. In the process of applying machine learning methods to real problems, there are defects that lead to biased results. This paper discusses the importance and necessity of human-machine interaction in the application of machine learning methods, as well as where human-machine interaction occurs, and puts forward two questions: "whether human should interact with machine in the process of machine learning" and "how to make machine learning have better performance". To answer the above two questions, this paper concludes that in the application of machine learning methods, people with certain professional knowledge can get better results in the machine learning process. Further, when machine learning is applied to the real world, there are some flaws that lead to failure or unsatisfactory results, and this paper proposes a way to improve this undesirable phenomenon by involving people in the machine learning process. Finally, this paper summarizes the main shortcomings of current machine learning, clarifies the development direction of machine learning that must be anthropocentric, and expresses some views on machine learning.
CIP resilience and risk management in critical infrastructure protection policy: exploring the relationship and comparing its use

3RG Report, 7
Gravitational Lensing Effect on Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies: A Power Spectrum Approach

extended and corrected appendix, minor revisions of main text, revised figures
Phylogenetic Targeting of Research Effort in Evolutionary Biology

Many questions in comparative biology require that new data be collected, either to build a comparative database for the first time or to augment existing data. Given resource limitations in collecting data, the question arises as to which species should be studied to increase the size of comparative data sets. By taking hypotheses, existing data relevant to the hypotheses, and a phylogeny, we show that a method of “phylogenetic targeting” can systematically guide data collection while taking into account potentially confounding variables and competing hypotheses. Phylogenetic targeting selects potential candidates for future data collection, using a flexible scoring system based on differences in pairwise comparisons. We used simulations to assess the performance of phylogenetic targeting, as compared with the less systematic approach of randomly selecting species (as might occur when data have been collected without regard to phylogeny and variation in the traits of interest). The simulations revealed that phylogenetic targeting increased the statistical power to detect correlations and that power increased with the number of species in the tree, even when the number of species studied was held constant. We also developed a Web‐based computer program called PhyloTargeting to implement the approach ( http://phylotargeting.fas.harvard.edu ).
Model integrating CT-based radiomics and genomics for survival prediction in esophageal cancer patients receiving definitive chemoradiotherapy

AbstractBackgroundDefinitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) is a standard treatment option for locally advanced stage inoperable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Evaluating clinical outcome prior to dCRT remains challenging. This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of computed tomography (CT)-based radiomics combined with genomics for the treatment efficacy of dCRT in ESCC patients.MethodsThis retrospective study included 118 ESCC patients who received dCRT. These patients were randomly divided into training (n = 82) and validation (n = 36) groups. Radiomic features were derived from the region of the primary tumor on CT images. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was conducted to select optimal radiomic features, and Rad-score was calculated to predict progression-free survival (PFS) in training group. Genomic DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded pre-treatment biopsy tissue. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were undertaken to identify predictors of survival for model development. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and C-index were used to evaluate the predictive performance and discriminatory ability of the prediction models, respectively.ResultsThe Rad-score was constructed from six radiomic features to predict PFS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that the Rad-score and homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway alterations were independent prognostic factors correlating with PFS. The C-index for the integrated model combining radiomics and genomics was better than that of the radiomics or genomics models in the training group (0.616 vs. 0.587 or 0.557) and the validation group (0.649 vs. 0.625 or 0.586).ConclusionThe Rad-score and HRR pathway alterations could predict PFS after dCRT for patients with ESCC, with the combined radiomics and genomics model demonstrating the best predictive efficacy.
Integrative Bioinformatics Analysis of microRNA Expression and Genomic Signatures for Early Detection and Survival Prediction in Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy among men worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and genomic signatures are critical regulators of oncogenic processes and represent promising biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In this study, we conducted an integrative analysis of miRNA expression profiles and genomic data from public bioinformatics resources, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Differential expression analysis, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and network-based functional enrichment were applied to identify key miRNAs and gene signatures associated with prostate cancer progression and patient survival. Our findings revealed a panel of dysregulated miRNAs and co-expressed gene modules with significant prognostic value. These biomarkers provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate cancer and may support non-invasive early detection, survival prediction, and personalized therapeutic strategies in clinical practice.
Marine Environmental Pollution And Its Impacts On The Fulfillment Of Indigenous Peoples' Right To A Healthy Environment

This research aims to analyze and understand marine environmental pollution and its impact on the fulfillment of indigenous peoples' right to a healthy environment. The study employs an empirical juridical research type, utilizing literature review based on theory, doctrine, and legal norms related to the discussed issues. This research is prescriptive, analytical, and explanatory, addressing problems based on legal provisions, norms, and theories, then analyzing them qualitatively. Ultimately, it will draw conclusions to answer the discussed problems.
Hybrid Conductive Concrete Structures for EMP Protection of Resiliency Critical Infrastructure Facilities

This paper describes a proof-of-concept hybrid EMP shelter with a subfloor of reinforced conductive concrete together with a modular steel clamp together shielding system. Test results demonstrate that such hybrid shielding structures can provide EMP protection per MIL-STD 188-125-1 requirements.
Recent Results on Hadron Spectroscopy from BESIII

Hadron spectroscopy is one of the most important physics goals of BESIII. BESIII brings great opportunities to study the XYZ states of charmonium by directly producing the Y states up to 4.6 GeV. High statistics of charmonium decays collected at BESIII provide an excellent place for hunting gluonic excitations and studying the excited baryons. Recent results of light hadron spectroscopy and charmonium spectroscopy from BESIII will be reported.
Star formation in CALIFA survey perturbed galaxies.III. Stellar & ionized-gas kinematic distributions

We obtain the kinematic distributions of stars (synthetic model line absorption) and ionized gas (H$α$ line emission) for star-forming regions residing in CALIFA survey tidally perturbed (perturbed) and non-tidally perturbed (control) galaxies. We set the uncertainties of the velocity dispersion by measuring the statistical variability of the datasets themselves. Using these adopted uncertainties and considering the sensitivity of the grating device, we establish thresholds of reliability that allow us to select reliable velocity dispersions. From this selection, we pair the star-forming spaxels between control and perturbed galaxies at the closest shifts in velocity (de-redshifting). We compare their respective distributions of velocity dispersion. In perturbed galaxies, median velocity dispersions for the stellar and gaseous components are minimally higher and equal, respectively, than those in control galaxies. The spread in velocity dispersion and the velocity shift - velocity dispersion space agree with this result. Unlike the well-known trend in strongly interacting systems, the stellar and ionized-gas motions are not disturbed by the influence of close companions. For the gaseous component, this result is due to the poor statistical variability of its data, a consequence of the tightness in velocity dispersion derived from high spectral line intensities. This analysis concludes the series, which previously showed star-forming regions in galaxies with close companions undergoing more prominent gas inflows, resulting in differences in their star formation and consequent metal content.
The Dual Development of Rule of Law and Judicial Independence

The rule of law is a concept open to varying interpretations. Nevertheless, it can be categorized by two main definitions: (1) the definition based on the ends that the rule of law is intended to serve within society, such as upholding law and order and providing efficient and predictable judgment; and (2) the definition based on institutional attributes that can actualize the rule of law, such as comprehensive sets of laws, trained law-enforcement agencies and a well-functioning court system.1 The ends-based definition of the rule of law is composed of five elements: a government bound by law, equality before the law, law and order, efficient and predictable rulings and human rights. The institutional attributes like publicly known laws, noncorrupt police force and operative courts can lead directly to the improvement in the ends of the rule of law. Conversely, “poorly devised reforms of rule-of-law institutions can undermine rule-of-law ends.”2 The rule of law, according to E. P. Thompson, is “an unqualified, universal good.”3 It is a “universal good” in the sense of limiting the power of the government. The rule of law “will protect the community from government oppression.”4 The second indispensable element of the rule of law, apart from its universality nature, is formal legality, which is not only essential in preventing the government from coercing persons or property but also “valuable in providing security and predictability of transactions” among strangers and among members of different communities.
Digital Finance, Enterprise Formalization, and Firm Performance in Sub-Saharan Africa: Evidence from Mobile Money Expansion

Background Digital finance is also regarded as a significant means to help companies in emerging economies formalize and improve their performance. Mobile money in Sub-Saharan Africa has reduced transaction costs and expanded access to financial services, yet there is scant evidence on its impact on business formalization and outcomes. Methods We used firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys and matched it with country-level datasets from the Global Findex Database, World Development Indicators, Worldwide Governance Indicators, and mobile network coverage data. Panel regressions were used to investigate the impact of digital finance on enterprise formalization and firm performance, controlling for firm-specific characteristics, macroeconomic conditions, and institutional factors. We conducted the robustness tests on the other specifications and sub-sample tests. Results The review indicates that increased mobile money penetration enhances the likelihood that an enterprise will formalize and improve firm performance, as reflected in increased sales and productivity. These advantages are greatest among micro and small companies and women-managed companies, which highlights the inclusion-promoting role of digital finance. These impacts are enhanced by strong institutional quality and robust digital infrastructure, and mitigated to some extent by weak regulatory environments. Conclusions Our results provide strong evidence that digital finance promotes formalization and performance in Sub-Saharan Africa. The developmental benefits of digital finance can be enhanced by policies that promote interoperability of mobile money, improve the quality of digital infrastructure, and strengthen regulatory quality. The article contributes to the research by associating digital financial inclusion with formalization outcomes and firm performance, using multi-source data and rigorous empirical procedures.
Simulating Customer Experience and Word Of Mouth in Retail - A Case Study

Agents offer a new and exciting way of understanding the world of work. In this paper we describe the development of agent-based simulation models, designed to help to understand the relationship between people management practices and retail performance. We report on the current development of our simulation models which includes new features concerning the evolution of customers over time. To test the features we have conducted a series of experiments dealing with customer pool sizes, standard and noise reduction modes, and the spread of customers' word of mouth. To validate and evaluate our model, we introduce new performance measure specific to retail operations. We show that by varying different parameters in our model we can simulate a range of customer experiences leading to significant differences in performance measures. Ultimately, we are interested in better understanding the impact of changes in staff behavior due to changes in store management practices. Our multi-disciplinary research team draws upon expertise from work psychologists and computer scientists. Despite the fact we are working within a relatively novel and complex domain, it is clear that intelligent agents offer potential for fostering sustainable organizational capabilities in the future.
A New Ordering Method of Basic Events in Fault Tree Analysis

The ordering of basic events is critical to fault tree analysis on the basis of binary decision diagrams (BDDs). Many attempts have been made to seek an efficient ordering result with the aim of reducing the complexity of BDD. In this article, a new ordering method, namely, priority ordering method, is proposed. The new method takes into account not only the effects of the layers of fault tree but also the repeated events, the neighboring events, and the number of events under the same gate. According to these four effects, the priorities that sort the basic events of the fault tree are defined. The new method inherits the merits of structure‐based and weight‐based methods. It is able to evaluate the basic events on the basis of the structure‐based method and the size of the subtree on the basis of the weighted‐based method. Demonstrated by the examples, the proposed priority ordering method is superior to the existing ordering methods in terms of reducing the nodes in the BDD and improving the efficiency in transforming a fault tree to a BDD. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A general study of actinyl hydration by molecular dynamics simulations using ab initio force fields

A set of new ab initio force fields for aqueous [AnO2] 2+/+ (An = Np(VI,V), Pu(VI), Am(VI)) has been developed using the Hydrated Ion (HI) model methodology previously used for [UO2] 2+. Except for the non-electrostatic contribution of the HI-bulk water interaction, the interaction potentials are individually parameterized. Translational diffusion coefficients, hydration enthalpies, and vibrational normal mode frequencies were calculated from the MD simulations. Physico-chemical properties satisfactorily agree with experiments validating the robustness of the force field strategy. The solvation dynamics and structure for all hexavalent actinoids are extremely similar and resemble our previous analysis of the uranyl cation. This supports the idea of using the uranyl cation as a reference for the study of other minor actinyls. The comparison between the NpO2+ 2 and NpO+ 2 hydration only provides significant differences in first and second shell distances and second-shell mean residence times. We propose a single general view of the [AnO2] 2+/+ hydration structure: aqueous actinyls are amphiphilic anisotropic solutes which are equatorially conventional spherically symmetric cations capped at the poles by clathrate-like water structures.