ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Influence of 3D Printing Parameters on Mechanical Properties of the PLA Parts Made by FDM Additive Manufacturing Process

Paper presents the results of factorial experiments made to establish the influence of technological parameters of 3D printing using the Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Technology, on the mechanical properties of the material deposited with ULTRA PLA filaments. By planning the experiments and the statistical processing of the results, mathematical relations were established regarding the dependence between the objective functions, the controllable factors and their interactions. To obtain high tensile strengths of the components made by 3D printing, regimes are required to allow the deposition of layers as thin as possible (h = 0.1 mm) and temperatures as high as possible, close to 300°C. The choice of inappropriate values of these process parameters can lead to a significant decrease in tensile strength, reaching even up to 30-40% of the maximum possible value to be reached. The experiments reveal that the printing speed does not have a major influence on the mechanical properties. Practical, the printing speed is limited by the technical characteristics of the printer used. The results of the experimental research obtained on a number of 30 process variants led to the establishment of optimal 3D printing variants that correspond to the requirements imposed on the objectively analysed functions (tensile strength, dimensional accuracy, speed of execution, surface quality).
Prediction of the SYM-H Index Using a Bayesian Deep Learning Method with Uncertainty Quantification

List of figures and training and testing data used to develop SYMHnet
The mathematical model of the power transformer considering the parasitic capacitances

The mathematical model of a distribution transformer is presented in this paper. Compared to the normally used equivalent circuit diagram of the transformer, this mathematical model considers also the parasitic capacitances of the windings. The components of the extended equivalent circuit were determined by measurement and a mathematical model was created. It turns out that this kind of the mathematical model could be used for the study of transformer transients.
Galactic cosmic ray modulation and the passage of the heliospheric current sheet at Earth

Abstract   We have examined the effect of heliospheric current sheet (HCS) crossings on cosmic ray intensity (CRI), solar wind speed, interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the cosmic ray solar diurnal anisotropy in free space. Data from eight neutron monitors and three muon telescopes, covering a wide energy and latitude range, were separated into two epochs, 1971–1979 (A > 0) and 1981–1990 (A   0 than during the A
Judicial Appointments and Some Disappointments: A Threat to Independence of Judiciary

The process for appointing judicial officers is of fundamental importance to the operation of the judicial system. The quality of the appointment will impact on the Judiciary many years after the appointment, especially for tenured judicial officers. It is critical that the process for appointing judicial officers results in the best possible judicial appointments and that the public has confidence in that process.
The United Nations Security Council and Environmental Threats

The end of the Cold War caused the appearance or upsurge of many non-traditional threats to international peace and security. Among these so-called soft threats are spread of diseases, organized crime, and environmental degradation. All of them have affected the concept of human security – that is the security of human beings. Especially the climate change is considered as a threat which may have huge impact on international peace and security, as it acts as a threat multiplier and, therefore, it begins to be debated at the United Nations Security Council. However, States are split and, therefore, these debates are so far fruitless. The aim of this study is to analyse security impacts of climate change and to offer some options on how the Security Council can deal with them. The paper is future-oriented and shows which threats are able to be solved by this organ and, at the same time, it points at the shortcomings of other publications which tried to deal with the link between environment and the United Nations Security Council.
Edge Computing and Fog Computing Paradigms for Ultra Low Latency IoT Based Smart City Applications

Edge and fog computing paradigms have emerged as pivotal enablers for meeting the ultra–low‑latency requirements of Internet‑of‑Things (IoT) applications in contemporary smart city environments. This chapter presents a systematic examination of hierarchical and hybrid orchestration architectures, highlighting the roles of edge nodes and fog clusters in distributing computational workloads to minimize end‑to‑end response times. Detailed analysis of distributed consensus mechanisms and adaptive microservice partitioning underscores the importance of fault tolerance and dynamic resource allocation in maintaining sub‑10 millisecond latencies under variable network conditions. Standardized benchmarking methodologies are introduced to evaluate control‑plane overhead, while empirical case studiesspanning real‑time traffic signal control and public‑safety video analyticsdemonstrate the performance gains achievable through strategic edge–fog deployments. Critical challenges, including scalability, security, and interoperability, are delineated, and future research directions are proposed to guide the evolution of resilient, high‑performance IoT infrastructures.
Symposium on Managing Herbicide Resistant Weeds: Proceedings of a Symposium Sponsored by the North Central Weed Science Society and the North American Herbicide Resistance Working Group, December 10, 1998, St. Paul, MN

Resistance of weeds to herbicides that were initially controlled by that herbicide has increased in all major crops and forages. An internet web site, http//weedscience.com, logs all confirmed resistant weed species and their location by country. Management of these species and the cost of those management techniques was the focus of this symposium. The group of scientists assembled for this symposium were chosen to discuss the systems currently utilized in the management of species that are resistant to a single or to multiple groups of herbicides. It is hoped that information presented on the cost of managing these resistant species will further encourage the judicious use of herbicides, the implementation of agronomic practices, and crop rotations to delay the development of resistance to other areas.
Construction of a Polarizable Force Field for Molecular Dynamics Simulation of a NaOTF Water-In-Salt Electrolyte

To model a NaOTF Water-in-Salt (WiS) electrolyte using classical Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, we explore various force fields where atomic polarization is accounted for at three different levels: a non-polarizable all-atom force field where polarization is only implicitly included in its Van der Waals interaction parameters, the same force field with uniformly scaled ionic charges mimicing electron polarization within a mean-field approximation, and an explicit polarizable force field where polarization is modeled via Drude oscillators. We also probe combining different polarization levels for salt ions and water: when ion polarization is described by the Drude method, water is modeled by either the non-polarizable SPC/E model or the polarizable SWM4-NDP model. The main goal is to achieve simulation stability for different force fields and investigate the influence of the force field parameters on the electrolyte properties. Force field parameters that adjust the interactions of cations or Drude pairs are found to significantly affect the electrolyte structure and its dynamic properties. This effect is primarily due to the strong dependence of the degree of salt dissociation on these parameters. Among the force fields studied in this work, we identify an efficient combination of the Drude polarizable force field with non-polarizable water models, which is sufficiently flexible to reproduce various properties of WiS solutions, while the computational cost is affordable and simulation stability is ensured over a relatively wide range of force field parameters.
Quantum-Resilient Zero-Trust Architectures:  Developing Migration Frameworks for Critical  Infrastructure Protection in the United States

The convergence of quantum computing capabilities and sophisticated cyber threats poses unprecedented challenges to the security posture of United States critical infrastructure. Traditional perimeter-based security models are increasingly inadequate against quantum-enabled attacks that can compromise current foundations. This paper cryptographic presents a comprehensive framework for migrating critical infrastructure to quantum-resilient zero-trust architectures, addressing the unique challenges faced by sixteen critical infrastructure sectors as defined by the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). Through analysis of current threat landscapes, examination of postquantum cryptographic implementations, and development of sector-specific migration strategies, this research provides actionable guidance for infrastructure operators, policymakers, and security professionals preparing for the quantum era.
Trace element geochemistry and Nd-Sr isotope systematics of Scheelite from the Thunder Creek and 144 Gap deposits, Timmins, Ontario: implications for timing and genesis of gold

The age of the youngest gold event at the Timmins West Mine is unknown. Scheelite geochemistry and geochronology at the TWM were constrained using WDS and EDS mapping, LA-ICPMS and MC-ICPMS analytical techniques. Trace element analyses by LA-ICPMS revealed scheelites mineralized from a common and oxidized fluid. Samarium-Neodymium isotopic analyses of 15 scheelite grains yielded a linear regression isochron with a corresponding age of 2587 +/- 49 Ma (MSWD = 2.5) and εNdi, calculated from CHUR, of 1.01 ± 0.11 (2SD). A second internal isochron from a single scheelite grain yielded an age of 2516 +/- 88 Ma (MSWD = 0.64). Strontium isotopic compositions of scheelites have 87Sr/86Sri at 2.6 Ga varying from 0.70116 to 0.70178, corresponding to εSri, calculated from CHUR, of -0.05 ± 3.97 (2SD). Scheelite formation, and possibly gold, at the TWM was late compared to magmatic intrusions in the southern Abitibi.
Enhancing Health and Empowerment: Assessing the Satisfaction of Underprivileged Rural Women Participating in a Functional Literacy Education Program in Kailali District, Nepal

Women’s empowerment and health literacy are essential for fostering community well-being. Empowering women through education and diverse training plays a crucial role in ensuring their prosperity and overall health. This study investigates the satisfaction and experiences of underprivileged rural mothers participating in a functional literacy education program in the Kailali district, Nepal. We assess participants’ perceptions of program effectiveness, examining training content, facilities, and trainers while exploring menstrual hygiene practices and maternal health awareness. Through convenience sampling, 141 underprivileged women from five rural villages near Tikapur were selected from literacy centers run by Mahima Group. Utilizing structured questionnaires and statistical analyses, including descriptive analyses, Spearman’s rho correlation, and Pearson’s chi-square test, we found that 65.2% of participants expressed high satisfaction levels. Moreover, 96.5% found the program highly effective, with 97.9% reporting improved literacy skills and 96.5% demonstrating increased awareness of menstrual hygiene practices. Additionally, 97.2% agreed that the program enhanced maternal and child health knowledge. Significant correlations were observed among the training course, facilities, trainers, and overall training perception. In line with this, significant associations were found between age groups (p = 0.003) and geographical areas (p = 0.023) with satisfaction levels with the literacy program. These results underscore the satisfaction of participants within the literacy program and its impact on their lives, and advocates for its broader implementation to empower marginalized communities for sustainable development.
Impact of the Temperature and Humidity Variations on Link Quality of xm1000 Mote Sensors

The core motivations of deploying a sensor network for a specific application come from the autonomy of sensors, their reduced size, and their capabilities for computing and communicating in a short range. However, many challenges for sensor networks still exist: minimizing energy consumption, and ensuring the performance of communication that may be affected by many parameters. The work described in this paper covers mainly the analysis of the impact of the temperature and humidity variations on link quality of XM1000 operating under TinyOS. Two-way ANOVA test has been applied and the obtained results show that both the temperature and humidity variations impact RSSI.
The Theory and Algorithm of Ergodic Inference

Approximate inference algorithm is one of the fundamental research fields in machine learning. The two dominant theoretical inference frameworks in machine learning are variational inference (VI) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). However, because of the fundamental limitation in the theory, it is very challenging to improve existing VI and MCMC methods on both the computational scalability and statistical efficiency. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a new theoretical inference framework called ergodic Inference based on the fundamental property of ergodic transformations. The key contribution of this work is to establish the theoretical foundation of ergodic inference for the development of practical algorithms in future work.
Technical note on “Inventory management in supply chains with consideration of Logistics, green investment and different carbon emissions policies”

This study presents an extension of the model proposed by Huang et al. (2020), which investigated the effects of carbon policies and green technologies on the integrated inventory management of a two-echelon supply chain with consideration of carbon emissions during the processes of production, transportation, and storage. Specifically, since the inventory policy impacts on the economic and environmental performances of the supply chain, this study proposes a mathematical model for the integrated inventory management of the single-vendor single-buyer supply chain under a consignment stock policy. The aim is, thus, to highlight advantages and disadvantages of the consignment stock agreement with respect to the traditional policy based on the model proposed by Hill (1999). To compare the results, the same three carbon emissions policies are considered: i.e., limited total carbon emissions, carbon taxation, and cap-and-trade. The proposed model can assist firms in determining their optimal inventory policy (i.e., agreement, production quantity, delivery quantity, and green investment amount) with an aim of minimizing the supply chain costs under different carbon emissions policies.
Safety, clinical effectiveness, predictive accuracy and cost effectiveness of blood based tests for women with suspected preeclampsia: a health technology assessement

To til åtte prosent av alle gravide kvinner i verden får preeklampsi (svangerskapsforgiftning). Preeklampsi kan være en livstruende tilstand som krever sykehusinnleggelse og tett overvåkning av mor og foster i siste del av svangerskapet. Tester basert på biomarkører som «placental growth factor” (PlGF) og «fms-like tyrosine kinase-1” (sFlt-1) kan predikere preeklampsi. Disse testene er foreslått å bruke for å identifisere kvinner som er i lav risiko for å utvikle preeklampsi for dermed a) unngå unødvendige innleggelser, og b) de kan reise hjem beroliget. I denne metodevurderingen svarer vi på spørsmål om sikkerhet, klinisk effekt, prediktiv nøyaktighet og kostnadseffektivitet av blodbaserte tester for gravide ved mistanke om preeklampsi fra 20. svangerskapsuke. Klinisk effekt (tre inkluderte studier): • PlGF reduserer muligens tiden det tar å stille en preeklampsidiagnose og kan muligens også redusere risikoen for at kvinner utsettes for alvorlige helseutfall (som hjerneblødning). • Vi er usikre om sFlt-1/PlGF eller PlGF tester gir helsegevinst for nyfødte barn. Bruk av helsetjenester (to inkluderte studier). • sFlt-1/PlGF ratio tester kan muligens øke antall innleggelser de 24 første timer etter testing, men resultatet er usikkert. • sFlt-1/PlGF ratio tester var assosiert med liten eller ingen forskjell i kortsiktig (få dager etter testen) eller langsiktig (fram til forløsning) innleggelse. Prediktiv nøyaktighet (fire inkluderte oversikter). • Den prediktive nøyaktigheten til sFlt-1/PlGF er ganske god, og denne testen kan være et nyttig bidrag til å utelukke en preklampsi-diagnose Budsjettpåvirkning: Vi estimerte den direkte budsjettpåvirkning av å ta i bruk Flt-1/PlGF eller PlGF tester, som tillegg til eksisterende klinisk praksis ved mistanke om preeklampsi, til 12.4 millioner norske kroner årlig. Mulige besparelser knyttet til tidligere diagnose og redusert risiko for alvorlige utfall hos mor er uklart. Basert på tilgjengelig dokumentasjon kan vi ikke estimere de totale økonomiske innvirkningene knyttet til sFlt-1/ PlGF eller PlGF-testing. Nytte- ressurs og alvorlighetskriterier: Testene som er evaluert i denne metodevurderingen kan muligens bidra til å predikere risikoen for å utvikle preeklampsi. Vi er usikre på hvor nyttig testene er i klinisk praksis ettersom det er noen alvorlige begrensninger i den inkluderte dokumentasjonen. Bruk av testene kan muligens eller muligens ikke redusere bruk av ressurser i helsetjenesten. Preeklampsi er alvorlig og tidlig diagnose kan muligens redusere alvorlige utfall.
Do climate models project changes in solar resources?

Abstract   In the last two decades much concern has been raised with respect to global dimming and global brightening as a trend in surface solar global irradiance. Surface solar radiation drives various surface processes, like evaporation and photosynthesis, affects surface energy budget and impacts solar energy production technologies and other human activities. In particular, variations of solar resources due to climate change could harm the return of investment for solar energy projects. Therefore, we show a novel method to derive surface direct normal irradiance (DNI) from climate model input data. Since global horizontal (GHI) can be provided simultaneously in a consistent way by our method, this allows to study how projected atmospheric changes may modify GHI and DNI, and hence the output of photovoltaic (PV) and concentrating solar power (CSP) plants. Starting from a given input data set, we then provide concrete projections of solar resources for the middle of the current century.  We perform radiative transfer calculations with atmospheric data produced by global climate models. Cloud data is obtained from the model E39C-A, a derivate of the general circulation model ECHAM4, aerosol data from the coupled aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM. For the treatment of clouds in the radiative transfer model, that require particular care since they strongly modulate surface radiation, we introduced the new concept of effective optical thickness and implemented it into E39C-A. The simulations follow the IPCC SRES A1B scenario which describes a future world of rapid economic growth with a balanced use of renewable and fossil fuel power generation.  Our calculations indicate that future (2035–2039) surface irradiances are likely to be reduced compared to past (1995–1999) irradiances mainly in southern and western Africa with a decrease of about −20% in DNI and about −5% in GHI. In Europe and Australia solar radiation is likely to increase by about +10% in DNI and some 1–5% in GHI. We observe nearly no change in North America. Climate change has most likely more impact on DNI than on GHI, CSP projects are hence more affected by climate change than PV ventures.  The results from the new method can only be as reliable as the input data are. However, the order of magnitude and regional patterns of our findings are consistent with a recent study that applies other global climate models in combination with a different method to derive surface irradiances. The input data, which our projections strongly rely on, are plausible to the extent that they are qualitatively consistent with IPCC multi-model results for the same scenario as used here.
A New Model for Academic Science Communication: Leveraging YouTube and TikTok to Enhance Public Engagement

Traditional models of science communication, predominantly rooted in a unidirectional "deficit" framework, are proving increasingly inadequate in the contemporary participatory digital culture. These legacy systems, characterized by significant time lags, gatekeeping by non-expert media, and a propensity for sensationalism, have contributed to an erosion of public trust in the scientific enterprise. This paper proposes a new theoretical and practical framework&mdash;the "Parasocial Scientist" model&mdash;designed to address these shortcomings by leveraging the unique affordances of modern video-based social media platforms such as YouTube and TikTok. The proposed model is grounded in the psychological principles of parasocial interaction and perceived authenticity, which are potent drivers of trust, credibility, and engagement in online environments. Through a methodology combining a critical synthesis of existing literature with a comparative case study analysis of successful digital communicators&mdash;including medical influencer Dr. Mike Varshavski, educational channels Veritasium and Crash Course, and the varied landscape of dental influencers&mdash;this paper distills a set of actionable principles and content formats for academic researchers. The analysis demonstrates how scientists can transition from being mere disseminators of information to becoming trusted pedagogical guides. The paper further explores the significant benefits of this model, including enhanced scientific literacy and the direct countering of misinformation, while also conducting a thorough examination of the associated caveats. These include the ethical risks of oversimplification and creating glamorized portrayals of research, as well as the profound institutional barriers, such as misaligned academic incentive structures and a lack of resources, that currently hinder widespread adoption. The paper concludes that a paradigm shift in science communication is necessary, requiring both individual researchers to adopt new digital strategies and academic institutions to fundamentally reform how they value and support public engagement.