ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Bridging Gaps in Natural Language Processing for Yorùbá: A Systematic Review of a Decade of Progress and Prospects

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is becoming a dominant subset of artificial intelligence as the need to help machines understand human language looks indispensable. Several NLP applications are ubiquitous, partly due to the myriad of datasets being churned out daily through mediums like social networking sites. However, the growing development has not been evident in most African languages due to the persisting resource limitations, among other issues. Yorùbá language, a tonal and morphologically rich African language, suffers a similar fate, resulting in limited NLP usage. To encourage further research towards improving this situation, this systematic literature review aims to comprehensively analyse studies addressing NLP development for Yorùbá, identifying challenges, resources, techniques, and applications. A well-defined search string from a structured protocol was employed to search, select, and analyse 105 primary studies between 2014 and 2024 from reputable databases. The review highlights the scarcity of annotated corpora, the limited availability of pre-trained language models, and linguistic challenges like tonal complexity and diacritic dependency as significant obstacles. It also revealed the prominent techniques, including rule-based methods, among others. The findings reveal a growing body of multilingual and monolingual resources, even though the field is constrained by socio-cultural factors such as code-switching and the desertion of language for digital usage. This review synthesises existing research, providing a foundation for advancing NLP for Yorùbá and in African languages generally. It aims to guide future research by identifying gaps and opportunities, thereby contributing to the broader inclusion of Yorùbá and other under-resourced African languages in global NLP advancements.
One health genomic insights into the host-specific evolution and cross-host transmission of Staphylococcus aureus in animal farm environments, food of animal origin, and humans

Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen that is considered a high priority for research. However, comparative studies of S. aureus strains from different environments and hosts are still lacking.Here, we performed a high-resolution bioinformatics analysis of 576 S. aureus genomes isolated from livestock, farm environments, farm workers, animal-origin food, and humans.The S. aureus isolates showed high diversity in genetic lineages and demonstrated host specialization and multi-host range in the population phylogeny. Recent transmission events, historical divergences, and frequent host switching in specific sequence types (STs) and through the food chain and animal farm mediums were observed. Frequent gene transfer may quickly give rise to new fitness to colonize their host or switch to other hosts, even in isolates with the closest vertical evolutionary history. The large multi-host-shared antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) pool was the major factor shaping antibiotic resistance in S. aureus isolates. We revealed the genetic backgrounds of mec, cfr, and optrA, which could be spread among isolates from different species, hosts, and environments.Overall, our findings provide One Health genomic insights into the evolution, transmission, gene content characteristics, and antibiotic resistance profiles of S. aureus from different hosts, suggesting that, despite well-formed host specificity during the evolution of S. aureus, the ever-expanding host range and the cross-hosts/niches transmission (at both the strain and genetic level) may be facilitated by diverse bacterial vehicles (e.g., food chain, farm environments, and workers), which will lead to emerging antibiotic resistance consequences and threaten public health and food safety.
Quality of life with palbociclib plus fulvestrant versus placebo plus fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with endocrine-sensitive hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative advanced breast cancer: patient-reported outcomes from the FLIPPER trial

Background: In the FLIPPER trial, palbociclib/fulvestrant significantly improved progression free survival (PFS) compared with placebo/fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with HR+/ HER2− advanced breast cancer (ABC). Objective: We assessed health-related quality of life (QoL) using patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Design and methods: In this phase II double-blinded study, PROs were assessed at baseline after every three cycles and at the end of the treatment using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23. Time to deterioration (TTD) in global health status (GHS)/QoL was defined as a decrease of ⩾10points. Changes from baseline (CFB) and TTD were analysed using linear mixed-effect and Cox regression models, respectively. Results: Of the 189 randomised (1:1) patients, 178 (94%) completed ⩾1 post-baseline assessment; 50% received ⩾22 cycles of study treatment, with a questionnaire compliance >90%. Mean baseline scores were comparable between arms. GHS/QoL scores were maintained throughout the palbociclib/fulvestrant treatment. CFB showed significant differences for GHS/QoL, appetite loss, constipation and systemic therapy side effect scores favouring placebo/fulvestrant. TTD in GHS/QoL was delayed in placebo/fulvestrant versus palbociclib/fulvestrant [30.3 versus 11.1months; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.57, 95% CI: 1.03–2.39, p=0.036]; this difference was not significant in patients with progressive disease (aHR: 1.2, 95% CI: 0.6–2.2, p=0.658). No statistically significant differences in TTD were found for the other QLQ-C30 and QLQ-BR23 scales. Conclusions: Although TTD in GHS/QoL was prolonged with placebo/fulvestrant, no differences were observed on other functional or symptom scales. This finding and the improvement in PFS support the combination of palbociclib/fulvestrant as a beneficial therapeutic option for HR+/HER2− ABC.
National Space Laws and the Exploitation of Natural Resources from Space

It is usually assumed that national law, related to space activities or any other subject, will be consistent with international treaties. This is the case since once a treaty is formally adopted, it is considered to be the highest form of national law. There can be cases where there is ambiguity in the phrasing of international law and treaties as well as in national law where it is not clear what the requirements and scopes actually are. Many countries around the world have now developed national space laws, and there has not been a formal determination if those national space laws might contravene the Outer Space Treaty or any of the other international space agreements. In particular, the U. S. Space Act of 2015 that is discussed in this chapter raises new questions about how space mining might be conducted, who might profit from this activity, and how possible conflicts between national space law and international space law might be resolved. In addition, this chapter discusses national space laws of the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, Australia, Canada and India, primarily to assess their adequacy to govern natural resource explorations and exploitations in space.
Career change in a small island tourism destination: evidence from former hospitality managers

Recent decades have revealed labor turnover to be the Achilles’ heel of the hospitality industry. This has led interested members of the academic community to investigate the topic from an array of...
Development of a stem cells-based gene therapy approach mediated by non-viral vectors with potential clinical applications in regenerative medicine

En la tesis actual, demostramos que los nioplexos DP80 podían transfectar eficientemente célulasmesenquimales MSC D1 con los plásmidos pCMS-EGFP y pUNO1-hBMP7. Sin embargo, se requiere laoptimización del proceso de formulación de niosomas para mejorar la eficacia de la transfección y laviabilidad celular. Además, las células D1-MSC transfectadas con hBMP7 podrían considerarse no solocomo una herramienta eficaz de administración de la proteína hBMP7, sino también como célulasproliferantes y regeneradoras de hueso con fines terapéuticos, ofreciendo una esperanza razonable deutilizar esta doble estrategia basada en terapia génica mediante vectores no virales y celular mediante laadministración de células mesenquimales para la regeneración ósea. Por otro lado, nuestros resultadosmostraron que los niosomas DPP80, elaborados con una mezcla de tensioactivos no iónicos P y P80,fueron capaces de transfectar eficientemente las células NT2 sin comprometer su viabilidad. Loscomplejos DPP80-EGFP pudieron transfectar preferentemente neuronas en cultivos corticales primariosembrionarios de rata e inducir la transfección directa in vivo de células gliales en la corteza cerebral derata. Finalmente, proporcionamos una prueba de concepto de que las células NT2 podrían transfectarsecon plásmidos de expresión hBMP7 usando como vector no viral los niosomas catiónicos DPP80. Lascélulas NT2 que sobreexpresaron hBMP7 podrían dificultar la migración de las células de glioma C6.Estos resultados destacan el potencial de esta estrategia para impedir la metástasis de las células deglioma.
Evaluation of the suitability of root cause analysis frameworks for the investigation of community‐acquired pressure ulcers: a systematic review and documentary analysis

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the suitability of root cause analysis frameworks for the investigation of community‐acquired pressure ulcers. The objective was to identify the extent to which these frameworks take account of the setting where the ulcer originated as being the person's home rather than a hospital setting.BackgroundPressure ulcers involving full‐thickness skin loss are increasingly being regarded as indicators of nursing patient safety failure, requiring investigation using root cause analysis frameworks. Evidence suggests that root cause analysis frameworks developed in hospital settings ignore the unique dimensions of risk in home healthcare settings.Design and methodsA systematic literature review and documentary analysis of frameworks used to investigate community‐acquired grade three and four pressure ulcers by home nursing services in England.ResultsNo published papers were identified for inclusion in the review. Fifteen patient safety investigative frameworks were collected and analysed. Twelve of the retrieved frameworks were intended for the investigation of community‐acquired pressure ulcers; seven of which took account of the setting where the ulcer originated as being the patient's home.ConclusionThis study provides evidence to suggest that many of the root cause analysis frameworks used to investigate community‐acquired pressure ulcers in England are unsuitable for this purpose.Relevance to clinical practiceThis study provides researchers and practitioners with evidence of the need to develop appropriate home nursing root cause analysis frameworks to investigate community‐acquired pressure ulcers.
Specifics of Exercising and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights of Minors in the Digital Sphere

Intellectual activity in the digital environment covers various aspects of modern life of minors. The development of digital technologies brings to the fore such important issues as the significance of intellectual deliverables of minors and the need for prompt organization of new forms and methods of their protection in the digital environment. This article examines current issues related to the specifics of legal regulation of the protection of intellectual property rights of minors in the digital environment.
Serverless Computing and Function-as-a-Service: A Survey of Architectures, Scheduling, and Optimization Techniques

Serverless platforms, particularly Function-as-a-Service (FaaS), have redefined the landscape of cloud application development by allowing developers to deploy code without managing servers or runtime environments. Instead of maintaining persistent infrastructure, applications operate as lightweight functions that execute only when invoked. This operational model accelerates development, minimizes administrative overhead, and introduces cost structures aligned with actual usage rather than reserved capacity. The accelerating adoption of services like AWS Lambda and Azure Functions has pushed serverless computing to the forefront of modern cloud design. These platforms provide automated provisioning, elastic scaling, and built-in reliability, enabling applications to seamlessly adapt to unpredictable and fluctuating workloads. Underneath this convenience lies a complex orchestration of scheduling algorithms, resource allocation techniques, and performance optimization strategies designed to manage millions of concurrent short-lived tasks. Despite its advantages, serverless computing introduces notable engineering challenges—coldstart delays, cost-efficient scaling, performance unpredictability, and energy consumption among them. This survey explores the architectural foundations of serverless computing, evaluates scheduling and optimization mechanisms, and examines emerging concerns around performance, multi-tenancy, fairness, and sustainability. As research and industry innovations continue to advance, serverless platforms are poised to deliver more efficient, resilient, and environmentally responsible solutions for diverse computing needs.
Clinical implications of dysregulated non-coding RNA expression in periodontitis: evidence synthesis from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) regulate inflammatory responses and bone resorption in periodontitis. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of ncRNA in periodontitis. Studies were selected from PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Q test and I2 statistic. Diagnostic value was determined by pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC). Subgroup analysis was performed to explore heterogeneity sources. Thirteen articles (38 tests, 820 controls, 948 cases) were included. The overall sensitivity of ncRNAs for diagnosing periodontitis was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.73-0.84), specificity was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.78-0.86), and AUC was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.90), indicating good diagnostic performance. The positive likelihood ratio was 4.53 (95% CI: 3.64-5.65), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.26 (95% CI: 0.20-0.33), indicating limited clinical applicability of the pooled results. The diagnostic score was 2.88 (95% CI: 2.50-3.26), and the DOR was 17.75 (95% CI: 12.12-26.00), suggesting significant diagnostic accuracy for dysregulated ncRNAs in periodontitis. Dysregulated ncRNAs can distinguish periodontitis from healthy controls, highlighting their potential as diagnostic biomarkers.
Occupational safety and health education for reducing workplace accidents in oil palm plantations

Introduction: The plantation sector ranked third in occupational accidents in Indonesia by 2022 (17.3%), with cases rising by 18–20% annually. A major contributing factor is workers’ limited knowledge of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH). This study evaluates the effectiveness of module-based OSH education and cadre formation in improving workers’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors, as well as in reducing occupational accidents and diseases among workers. Methods: This research was conducted over six months, from February to August 2024, in palm oil companies located in Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan Provinces, Indonesia. A quasi-experimental method was employed using purposive sampling. A total of 60 respondents were recruited based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The sample size was determined through statistical calculations at a 95% confidence level. Results: The intervention resulted in a significant improvement in OSH indicators. The proportion of workers with good OSH knowledge increased from 41.67% to 80.00% (p &lt; 0.001), positive OSH attitudes rose from 46.67% to 61.67% (p &lt; 0.001), and good OSH practices improved from 41.67% to 66.67% (p &lt; 0.001). The incidence of occupational accidents declined markedly from 66.7% to 10.0%, and the incidence of reported occupational diseases decreased from 43.3% to 33.3%. Conclusion: Module-based OSH education and cadre empowerment effectively enhance OSH knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors while reducing occupational accidents and diseases in oil palm plantations. This model offers a sustainable and scalable approach to improving workplace safety and health, which other plantation sectors can adopt to support long-term occupational health improvements.
On the Implicit Adversariality of Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Continual Learning

Continual learning seeks the human-like ability to accumulate new skills in machine intelligence. Its central challenge is catastrophic forgetting, whose underlying cause has not been fully understood for deep networks. In this paper, we demystify catastrophic forgetting by revealing that the new-task training is implicitly an adversarial attack against the old-task knowledge. Specifically, the new-task gradients automatically and accurately align with the sharp directions of the old-task loss landscape, rapidly increasing the old-task loss. This adversarial alignment is intriguingly counter-intuitive because the sharp directions are too sparsely distributed to align with by chance. To understand it, we theoretically show that it arises from training's low-rank bias, which, through forward and backward propagation, confines the two directions into the same low-dimensional subspace, facilitating alignment. Gradient projection (GP) methods, a representative family of forgetting-mitigating methods, reduce adversarial alignment caused by forward propagation, but cannot address the alignment due to backward propagation. We propose backGP to address it, which reduces forgetting by 10.8% and improves accuracy by 12.7% on average over GP methods.
Indigenous peoples right to land: international standards and possible developments. The cultural value of land and the link with the protection of the environment. The perspective in the case of Mapuche-Pehuenche

Second semester University: University of Deusto, Bilbao
Statistical Mechanics of Dynamical Systems With Topological Phase Transitions

Dynamical system properties give rise to effects in Statistical Mechanics. Topological index changes can be the basis for phase transitions. The Euler characteristic is a versatile topological invariant that can be evaluated for model systems. These recent developments in the foundations of Statistical Mechanics, that are giving new results, provide insight into the statistical thermodynamics of small N systems, such as molecular and spin clusters. This paper uses model systems to give a basis for redefining partition functions in classical statistical mechanics. It includes the properties of dynamical systems, namely, KAM Torii, singular points and chaotic regions. The equipotential surfaces and the Morse and Euler index for it are defined. The conditions for the toplogy change in configuration space, and its effect on the partition function and the ensemble average quantities is found. The justification for topological phase transitions and their thermodynamic interpretation are discussed.
The human right to water and sanitation: a new perspective for public policies

Abstract The recognition of the human right to water and sanitation (HRtWS) by the United Nations General Assembly and Human Rights Council in 2010 constituted a significant political measure whose direct consequences are still being assessed. Previous to this date, the HRtWS and its link to a healthy life and adequate standard of living had been recognised in diverse legal and judicial spheres worldwide, in some cases under the pressure of the initiatives of strong social movements. However, while the HRtWS is recognised by the UN State Members, it constitutes a concept in construction that has not been approached and interpreted in consensual ways by all concerned stakeholders. The present article presents a formal definition of this right with a base in human rights regulation. It attempts to dialogue with the different existing perspectives regarding the impact of its international recognition as a human right. It then elucidates the progressive development of the HRtWS in law and jurisprudence. Finally, it considers the urgency and challenge of monitoring the HRtWS and discusses important implications for public policies.
Cosmic gamma-ray bursts, their afterglows, and their host galaxies

This is a review article for the book "Compact Stellar X-Ray Sources", Editors W. Lewin and M. van der Klis, to be published by Cambridge University Press in 2003. It covers the phenomenology of cosmic gamma-ray bursts, the theory of their afterglows, and the observations and interpretation of their host galaxies.
Graph Neural Network Training Systems: A Performance Comparison of Full-Graph and Mini-Batch

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained significant attention in recent years due to their ability to learn representations of graph-structured data. Two common methods for training GNNs are mini-batch training and full-graph training. Since these two methods require different training pipelines and systems optimizations, two separate classes of GNN training systems emerged, each tailored for one method. Works that introduce systems belonging to a particular category predominantly compare them with other systems within the same category, offering limited or no comparison with systems from the other category. Some prior work also justifies its focus on one specific training method by arguing that it achieves higher accuracy than the alternative. The literature, however, has incomplete and contradictory evidence in this regard.   In this paper, we provide a comprehensive empirical comparison of representative full-graph and mini-batch GNN training systems. We find that the mini-batch training systems consistently converge faster than the full-graph training ones across multiple datasets, GNN models, and system configurations. We also find that mini-batch training techniques converge to similar to or often higher accuracy values than full-graph training ones, showing that mini-batch sampling is not necessarily detrimental to accuracy. Our work highlights the importance of comparing systems across different classes, using time-to-accuracy rather than epoch time for performance comparison, and selecting appropriate hyperparameters for each training method separately.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE LOCAL INTERSTELLAR MEDIUM ON THE SOLAR WIND DYNAMICS IN THE INNER HELIOSPHERE

The consequences of the interaction between the solar wind and the local interstellar medium for the wind region enclosed by the heliospheric shock are reviewed. After identifying the principal mechanisms to influence the dynamics of the solar wind, an approach allowing the simultaneous incorporation of neutral atoms, pick-up ions, cosmic rays and energetic electrons into a multifluid model of the expanding wind plasma is outlined. The effects of these particle species are discussed in detail, with special emphasis on the electron component which behaves more like a quasi-static hot gas rather than an expanding fluid. This electron gas is effectively trapped within a three-dimensional trough of a circumsolar electric potential whose outer fringes are possibly determined by the density distribution of anomalous cosmic rays. The electrons are proven to be a globally structered component of great importance for the solar wind momentum flow contributing to a triggering of the solar wind dynamics by asymmetric interstellar boundary conditions. Finally, the consequences for the relative motion of the Sun and the local interstellar medium as well as for the solar system as a whole are described.