ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Projected Changes for Near Future Air Temperature and Precipitation Climatology of Turkey and Surrounding Regions by Using the Regional Climate Model RegCM4.3.5

Bu çalışmada 1970 – 2000 referans dönemi iklimine göre 2020 – 2050 dönemi için Türkiye’nin ortalama hava sıcaklığı ve yağış klimatolojilerinde öngörülen değişiklikler, bölgesel iklim modeli benzetimleri kullanılarak araştırıldı. Yakın gelecekteki iklim koşullarında öngörülen değişimleri incelemek için Uluslararası Teorik Fizik Merkezi’ne ait olan RegCM4.3.5 isimli bölgesel iklim modeli üç farklı küresel modelden yararlanılarak koşuldu. Max Planck Meteoroloji Enstitüsü’ne ait MPI-ESM-MR, Met Office Hadley Merkezi’ne ait HadGEM2 ve Amerikan Ulusal Okyanus ve Atmosfer Dairesi Jeofiziksel Akışkanlar Dinamiği Laboratuvarı’na ait GFDL-ESM2M modelleri Türkiye ve çevresi için dinamik olarak 50 km’ye alt ölçeklendirildi. Öngörüler, Hükümetlerarası İklim Değişikliği Paneli’nin (IPCC) RCP4.5 ve RCP8.5 salım senaryolarına göre gerçekleştirildi. Model sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye’de ortalama hava sıcaklıklarında 1970 – 2000 dönemine göre 2020 – 2050 döneminde 0.5 °C ile 4 °C arasında değişen artışlar olacaktır. Bu artış, sıcak mevsimlerde soğuk mevsimlere göre daha fazla olacaktır. Türkiye’nin yağış klimatolojisinde ise, bölgesel iklim modeli sonuçlarına göre, özellikle ülkenin Akdeniz ikliminin egemen olduğu batı ve güney bölgelerinde ve tüm mevsimlerde, yaklaşık 0.4 mm/gün ile 1.2 mm/gün arasında değişen belirgin yağış azalışlarının oluşması beklenir.Anahtar kelimeler: Türkiye, iklim değişikliği, salım senaryoları, bölgesel iklim modeli benzetimi, gelecek iklim kestirimi.
Access to essential medicines: a challenge to the right to health?

Second semester University: University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen.
Substrate Solder Resist Crack Root Cause Investigation Through Finite Element Analysis

The solder resist crack root cause and methods to prevent it were studied. Solder resist crack with solder extrusion was observed in the sample package after solder ball mount. A finite element model was developed to simulate the solder resist stress. A high stress area at the bump pad edge was observed at the reflow peak temperature, which is the solder resist crack root cause. The factors affecting the solder resist stress were also studied via the finite element method. It was found that reflow temperature, underfill Young's modulus, substrate dielectrics CTE, and die-to-substrate ratio are the key factors to the solder resist stress. Strategies of using low Young's modulus underfill and small die-to-substrate ratio to reduce solder resist crack length were demonstrated through process DOE and design optimization in the test vehicle package.
Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Simulations to Predict Antihypertensive Drug Doses in Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract                   Liver cirrhosis can alter drug pharmacokinetics, often requiring dose adjustments. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling aids in predicting these pharmacokinetic changes in cirrhosis patients. This study developed and validated PBPK models for multiple antihypertensive drugs to predict dosing across varying severities of cirrhosis. Models were initially validated in healthy volunteers, then adjusted to incorporate cirrhosis‐specific pathophysiological changes. Predicted results (area under the curve [AUC] and plasma maximum concentration [Cmax]) showed good agreement with clinical data (within 2‐fold). The models were further used to simulate untested cirrhotic populations and to estimate unbound plasma AUC across different disease stages, and the results were compared with the healthy population. The model predicted that the healthy doses of nifedipine 20 mg three times daily (TID), verapamil 80 mg TID, nebivolol 10 mg once daily, and diltiazem 60 mg TID should be adjusted to 44%, 41%, 49.8%, and 51% of these doses, respectively, in the mild cirrhosis population. For moderate cirrhosis, the predicted reductions were to 21%, 25%, 29.8%, and 39%, respectively. In severe cirrhosis, greater reductions to 9.9%, 19%, 12.3%, and 26%, respectively, were necessary to achieve the same unbound drug exposures as in healthy subjects. Among the studied drugs, nifedipine was the most affected and diltiazem was the least affected by cirrhosis, highlighting variability in hepatic impact across antihypertensive drugs. In the absence of dedicated clinical trials in cirrhosis for these drugs, validated PBPK models offer evidence‐based insights to support clinicians in evaluating antihypertensive dosing options.
METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS AND INVESTIGATION OF THE MICROBIOME IN DATE PALM AND THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT FERTILIZERS ON MICROBIOME DIVERSITY

Date palm "Phoenix dactylifera L." is considered a very important plant in the Middle East. This importance is due to its beneficial uses on agriculture, economy, and medicine. The study aimed to identify bacterial biodiversity in the soil of date palm and the effect of different fertilizers on bacterial diversity. Also, the relationship between cultivar type and biodiversity was identified. The metagenomic approach was used to analyze bacterial biodiversity. The biodiversity of bacteria in date palm soil was studied by OTUs (Operational Taxonomic Units). 6356 OTUs and 1164425 sequences were observed in total for all 27 samples. Similar cultivars from both farms did not share similar phylogeny except the Khalas cultivar. Higher relative abundance was shown in Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria classes, followed by Gammaproteobacteria and ACidobacteroa_GP16. The wild date palm had a higher number of unique OTUs than the cultivars from the farms. Different fertilizer treatments had varying effects on bacterial biodiversity. Organic and bio-organic fertilizers positively affect delta-proteobacteria, acidobactria-Gp3, Anaerolinaea, and Clostridia. There was no noticeable effect on mixing other fertilizer types with a high concentration of chemical fertilizers, but classes including Bacilli, Nitrospira, Deltaproteobacteria, Spartobacteria, and Thermomacrobia classes almost have high relative abundance in treatments having high concentrations of chemical fertilizer. This study was the first to study wild date palm soil diversity.
Logical Expressiveness of Graph Neural Networks on Knowledge Graphs

Graph neural networks are prominent models for representation learning over graph-structured data. While the capabilities and limitations of these models are well-understood for simple graphs, our understanding remains incomplete in the context of knowledge graphs. Our goal is to provide a systematic understanding of the landscape of graph neural networks for knowledge graphs pertaining to the prominent task of link prediction. Our analysis entails a unifying perspective on seemingly unrelated models and unlocks a series of other models. The expressive power of various models is characterized via a precise logical characterization of the class of functions captured by a class of graph neural networks. The theoretical findings presented in this paper explain the benefits of some widely employed practical design choices, which are validated empirically.
Plasma Physics and Fusion Energy

There has been an increase in interest worldwide in fusion research over the last decade and a half due to the recognition that a large number of new, environmentally attractive, sustainable energy sources will be needed to meet ever increasing demand for electrical energy. Based on a series of course notes from graduate courses in plasma physics and fusion energy at MIT, the text begins with an overview of world energy needs, current methods of energy generation, and the potential role that fusion may play in the future. It covers energy issues such as the production of fusion power, power balance, the design of a simple fusion reactor and the basic plasma physics issues faced by the developers of fusion power. This book is suitable for graduate students and researchers working in applied physics and nuclear engineering. A large number of problems accumulated over two decades of teaching are included to aid understanding.
Vision-aligned Latent Reasoning for Multi-modal Large Language Model

Published as conference proceeding for ICML 2026. Last two authors advised equally
An Efficient ADMM Algorithm for Structural Break Detection in Multivariate Time Series

We present an efficient alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm for segmenting a multivariate non-stationary time series with structural breaks into stationary regions. We draw from recent work where the series is assumed to follow a vector autoregressive model within segments and a convex estimation procedure may be formulated using group fused lasso penalties. Our ADMM approach first splits the convex problem into a global quadratic program and a simple group lasso proximal update. We show that the global problem may be parallelized over rows of the time dependent transition matrices and furthermore that each subproblem may be rewritten in a form identical to the log-likelihood of a Gaussian state space model. Consequently, we develop a Kalman smoothing algorithm to solve the global update in time linear in the length of the series.
Investigating the Well-being Impacts of Educational Technologies Supported by Learning Analytics

The accelerated adoption of digital technologies by people and communities results in a close relation between, on one hand, the state of individual and societal well-being and, on the other hand, the state of the digital technologies that underpin our life experiences. The ethical concerns and questions about the impact of such technologies on human well-being become more crucial when data analytics and intelligent competences are integrated. To investigate how learning technologies could impact human well-being considering the promising and concerning roles of learning analytics, we apply the initial phase of the recently produced IEEE P7010 Well-being Impact Assessment, a methodology and a set of metrics, to allow the digital well-being of a set of educational technologies to be more comprehensively tackled and evaluated. We posit that the use of IEEE P7010 well-being metrics could help identify where educational technologies supported by learning analytics would increase or decrease well-being, providing new routes to future technological innovation in Learning Analytics research.
Maritime sovereignty, the territorialization of islands and the integration of fishermen in colonial Tunisia (La Galite (لطة ǧālaṭ))

To whom do small islands belong? What role do they play in the processes of colonization and maritime territorialization? In what way does the exploitation of their resources contribute to making them central to power and sovereignty conflicts? This article considers the colonization of the Maghreb from the perspective of island spaces as ‘land-sea regimes’. It focuses on an archipelago located off the coast of Tabarka, on the maritime border of Algeria and Tunisia. Frequented for centuries by fishermen exploiting the coral in the region, the Galite became a geostrategic place in the 19th century for coastal security, maritime trade and fishing. The study of the fishermen’s families who settled there from the 1870s onwards, their networks and their relations with the authorities, invites us to reconsider the history of the colonization of North Africa from the sea and the islands.
A Bird’s-Eye View on Compliance with the Law of Armed Conflict 70 Years After the Adoption of the Geneva Conventions

Against the background of a significant number of compliance mechanisms that the law of armed conflict (LoAC) provides for, on the one hand, and the fact that violations remain a pervasive feature of contemporary armed conflict, on the other, the present chapter examines five distinct compliance-related clusters. It begins by a reminder of the various existent compliance mechanisms and a plea for an honest, inter-disciplinary stocktaking of their efficacy. This is followed by another plea, namely for contextualizing compliance and compliance mechanisms and for moderating the expectations as to what they can achieve as counterweights to the myriad of factors that are prevalent in armed conflicts and that cause violations of the LoAC. The chapter then proceeds with addressing three particular trends that pose particular challenges in relation to compliance: the prevalence of non-international armed conflicts; that the current discourse about compliance is dominated by a culture of repression rather than prevention; and that compliance is increasingly individualized at the expense of addressing the collective nature of the violence inherent in armed conflict as the context in which violations occur.
TOURISM IN TRANSITION: PATHWAYS TO SUSTAINABILITY IN A TRANSFORMING SOCIETY

Tourism does not exist in isolation it evolves in response to the shifting dynamics of society, economy, environment, and global crises. As societies face profound transformations driven by climate change, technological advancement, economic inequality, and global health challenges, the tourism industry must also adapt to remain relevant, resilient, and responsible. This paper explores how sustainable tourism can act both as a reflection of and a catalyst for broader societal change. It examines the dual transformation underway: how societal shifts are influencing the values, behaviors, and expectations of tourists and industry stakeholders, and how tourism itself must transform to align with sustainability goals. In an era marked by uncertainty and rapid change, fostering adaptive, inclusive, and forward-thinking tourism practices is no longer optional but essential. The study highlights key strategies for integrating sustainability into tourism development, policy-making, and business innovation, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that supports environmental protection, cultural integrity, and social equity.
El modelo Data warehouse-OLAP (online analytical processing)

Trabajo de suficiencia profesional
sj-docx-1-css-10.1177_24705470231169106 - Supplemental material for Mental Health Among People Presenting for Care of Physical Symptoms: The Factors Associated with Suicidality and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are Similar Across Specialties

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-css-10.1177_24705470231169106 for Mental Health Among People Presenting for Care of Physical Symptoms: The Factors Associated with Suicidality and Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety are Similar Across Specialties by Sina Ramtin, Kathleen Carberry, Maria Correa, David Ring, Carol Alter and Donna Shanor in Chronic Stress
AlphaFold-predicted protein structures and small-angle X-ray scattering: insights from an extended examination of selected data in the Small-Angle Scattering Biological Data Bank

By providing predicted protein structures from nearly all known protein sequences, the artificial intelligence program AlphaFold (AF) is having a major impact on structural biology. While a stunning accuracy has been achieved for many folding units, predicted unstructured regions and the arrangement of potentially flexible linkers connecting structured domains present challenges. Focusing on single-chain structures without prosthetic groups, an earlier comparison of features derived from small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data taken from the Small-Angle Scattering Biological Data Bank (SASBDB) is extended to those calculated using the corresponding AF-predicted structures. Selected SASBDB entries were carefully examined to ensure that they represented data from monodisperse protein solutions and had sufficient statistical precision and                     q                     resolution for reliable structural evaluation. Three examples were identified where there is clear evidence that the single AF-predicted structure cannot account for the experimental SAXS data. Instead, excellent agreement is found with ensemble models generated by allowing for flexible linkers between high-confidence predicted structured domains. A pool of representative structures was generated using a Monte Carlo method that adjusts backbone dihedral allowed angles along potentially flexible regions. A fast ensemble modelling method was employed that optimizes the fit of pair distance distribution functions [                     P                     (                     r                     ) versus                     r                     ] and intensity profiles [                     I                     (                     q                     ) versus                     q                     ] computed from the pool to their experimental counterparts. These results highlight the complementarity between AF prediction, solution SAXS and molecular dynamics/conformational sampling for structural modelling of proteins having both structured and flexible regions.
Detection of mobile objects in computer vision systems

A method to detect objects in television images offered by the authors is considered. The basis of the method makes an adaptive technique to evaluate the background with static accumulation of information about the location of detected objects in clusters. The method has been confirmed while controlling slots of parking.
Video surveillance and the right to privacy in the AI era: Proposed new rules

Artificial intelligence is omnipresent in many areas of our lives. It may provide numerous services, involving the processing of undefined amounts of personal data and the insertion of algorithms. Therefore, its connection with privacy is very strong. A proposal for a Regulation on AI — the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (also known as the AI Act) is about to come into force in 2024. This paper aims to demonstrate the great impact of AI on the right to privacy when video-surveillance technology is being used. The introduction of AI tools lends a particular context to that practice. Thus, through a descriptive methodology, this paper attempts to demonstrate the nature, scope and aim of the draft AI Act. Then, the study puts special emphasis on the governance of video-surveillance systems, especially the governance of facial recognition, as it has been originally regulated under the AI Act. Additionally, following an intense study of national policies, a critical approach is pursued to the new rules on the issue, which have been proposed by MEPs. Achieving a human-centric dimension regarding AI is of primary interest. Consequently, this paper aims, finally, to offer original and fruitful suggestions for the regulation of video-surveillance systems in the new AI era.
The solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays in the outer heliosphere

The intensity changes of galactic cosmic rays associated with the enhanced solar activity during the onset of cycle 21 were observed by Pioneer 10 and Helios 1 and 2, over an extended range of energy and heliocentric distance that provides new insight into the relative importance of the various processes involved in the long-term modulation. A close correspondence is found between changes at 1 AU and those at 23 AU, for hydrogen and helium in the range of 100-200 MeV per nucleon. The time delay observed corresponds to an outward propagation velocity of some 550 km/sec, suggesting that the recently discovered, moderately long-lived, radially propagating shock waves in the outer heliosphere may play a key role in the long-term modulation.
Shared Experiences and Reflections on Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights

Male involvement in sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is increasingly recognized as a crucial factor for improving maternal, neonatal, and family well-being. This paper shares personal, peer, and community experiences from Nepal, highlighting both the benefits and barriers to men’s engagement in SRH. Drawing from lived experience, the author reflects on active participation in family planning, antenatal and postnatal care, and the challenges encountered during pregnancy and childbirth. Peer and community narratives illustrate how a lack of male support, combined with poor infrastructure and sociocultural norms, can delay timely care and increase risks for mothers and newborns. Literature from Nepal and other regions is integrated to contextualize these reflections, underscoring that male involvement enhances decision-making, service utilization, and health outcomes, but remains limited due to stigma, lack of awareness, and systemic constraints. Promoting joint decision-making, education, and inclusive health policies is essential for strengthening reproductive health rights.
OPTIMIZATION OF LOGISTICS PROCESSES IN THE ORGANIZATION OF MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION

The article addresses the urgent task of improving the efficiency of the entire cargo supply chain by optimizing each of the stages of the logistics process. The authors pay attention to the stage of selecting the performers of each link of the transport and technological scheme for the delivery of goods by optimization using quantitative, qualitative and rail selection criteria. According to the authors, the creation of a database consisting of digital profiles of performers of different types of transport and other participants in the supply chain will accelerate the process of introducing Block chain technology into the domestic freight forwarding industry and will reduce the trans-port component in the cost of finished products, increasing its competitiveness.
ELEMENTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE COURSE CURRICULUM AND CONTENT IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS

This  article  analyzes  the  methods,  tools,  and  forms  of  teaching  the  elements  of  artificial  intelligence  in  general secondary  schools.  The  process  of  creating  a  curriculum  and  content  aimed  at  improving  students'  artificial intelligence literacy is highlighted.
Urban air quality and climate change: vulnerability, resilience and adaptation

Doutoramento em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente
The African Charter: Just one treaty among many? The development of the material jurisdiction and interpretive mandate of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights

In contentious cases the material jurisdiction of the African Court is the jurisdiction to interpret and apply the instruments that are provided for in article 3(1) of the African Court Protocol. For the African Court to appropriately apply these instruments it must perform an interpretive role and utilise, at its discretion, information available from sources other than those that fall under its material jurisdiction and the sources of law stipulated in article 7 of the Court Protocol. In a 2001 article Heyns brought to our attention a number of potential problems related to the material jurisdiction of the African Court. He particularly pointed us to the loss of the 'African' in article 3, the narrow approach to the applicable sources of law in article 7 and the uncertainty of the position of articles 60 and 61 of the African Charter in guiding the interpretive mandate of the African Court. Through an analysis of the Court's jurisprudence, guided by these three essential issues, the article explores how the Court has approached its material jurisdiction during its first ten years of its existence. It further aims to establish what methodology the Court has developed to address the lack of an interpretive provision in the Court Protocol with specific reference to the application of articles 60 and 61 of the Charter. The analysis demonstrates a pragmatic approach to material jurisdiction, firmly grounded in the principle of complementarity.