ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Molecular dynamics simulation of reversible electroporation with Martini force field

Abstract Background After the discovery of membrane-reversible electroporation decades ago, the procedure has been used extensively in biology, biotechnology and medicine. The research on the basic mechanism has increasingly attracted attention. Although most research has focused on models that consider all atomic and molecular interactions and much atomic-level information can be obtained, the huge computational demand limits the models to simulations of only a few nanometers on the spatial scale and a few nanoseconds on the time scale. In order to more comprehensively study the reversible electroporation mechanism of phospholipid membrane on the nanoscale and at longer time intervals of up to 100 ns, we developed a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) phospholipid membrane model with the coarse-grained Martini force field. The model was tested by separately examining the morphology of the phospholipid membrane, the hydrophilic channel size, the distribution of the voltage potential on both sides of the membrane, and the movement of water molecules and ions during electroporation.  Results The results showed that the process went through several stages: (1) the formation of the pore with defects originating on the surface. (2) The maintenance of the pore. The defects expanded to large pores and the size remains unchanged for several nanoseconds. (3) Pore healing stage due to self-assembly. Phospholipid membrane shrunk and the pore size decreased until completely closed. The pores were not circular in cross-section for most of the time and the potential difference across the membrane decreased dramatically after the pores formed, with almost no restoration of membrane integrity even when the pores started to close.  Conclusions The mechanism of the reversible electroporation process on the nanoscale level, including defects, expansion, stability, and pore closing stages on a longer time scale of up to 100 ns was demonstrated more comprehensively with the coarse-grained Martini force field, which took both the necessary molecular information and the calculation efficiency into account.
Deep learning in occupational safety and health and its contribution to workplace risk management: A systematic review

Resumen La salud y seguridad en el trabajo (SST) es fundamental en todos los sectores industriales debido al impacto significativo de los accidentes y las enfermedades laborales. Tradicionalmente, la gestión de riesgos se ha basado en evaluaciones periódicas y medidas de control reactivas; sin embargo, la inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje profundo han permitido desarrollar enfoques más preventivos y eficientes. Estas tecnologías facilitan el análisis de grandes volúmenes de datos para identificar patrones ocultos, predecir riesgos y mejorar la seguridad laboral. En este marco, el presente estudio analiza el uso actual del aprendizaje profundo en SST, centrándose en su implementación, la percepción de su eficacia y los desafíos que plantea. Además, se examina su aplicación en sectores como la construcción, la logística y la minería, donde contribuye a la prevención de riesgos y a la detección de comportamientos inseguros. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo el protocolo PRISMA, que incluyó 14 artículos de acceso abierto seleccionados de un total inicial de 274 publicaciones recuperadas de Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science y DOAJ. A partir del análisis realizado, se concluye que el aprendizaje profundo posee un gran potencial para disminuir conductas inseguras mediante la identificación y detección de variables clave, como la gestión de la información, que influyen en la ocurrencia de incidentes y condiciones peligrosas. Por ende, esta tecnología se presenta como una herramienta valiosa para apoyar al personal de SST en la prevención, control y toma de decisiones en diversos contextos laborales.
<i>FaaSLight</i>             : General Application-level Cold-start Latency Optimization for Function-as-a-Service in Serverless Computing

Serverless computing is a popular cloud computing paradigm that frees developers from server management. Function-as-a-Service (FaaS) is the most popular implementation of serverless computing, representing applications as event-driven and stateless functions. However, existing studies report that functions of FaaS applications severely suffer from cold-start latency.                        In this article, we propose an approach, namely,             FaaSLight             , to accelerating the cold start for FaaS applications through application-level optimization. We first conduct a measurement study to investigate the possible root cause of the cold-start problem of FaaS. The result shows that application code loading latency is a significant overhead. Therefore, loading only indispensable code from FaaS applications can be an adequate solution. Based on this insight, we identify code related to application functionalities by constructing the function-level call graph and separate other code (i.e., optional code) from FaaS applications. The separated optional code can be loaded on demand to avoid the inaccurate identification of indispensable code causing application failure. In particular, a key principle guiding the design of             FaaSLight             is inherently general, i.e.,             platform             - and             language-agnostic             . In practice,             FaaSLight             can be effectively applied to FaaS applications developed in different programming languages (Python and JavaScript), and can be seamlessly deployed on popular serverless platforms such as AWS Lambda and Google Cloud Functions, without having to modify the underlying OSes or hypervisors, nor introducing any additional manual engineering efforts to developers. The evaluation results on real-world FaaS applications show that             FaaSLight             can significantly reduce the code loading latency (up to 78.95%, 28.78% on average), thereby reducing the cold-start latency. As a result, the total response latency of functions can be decreased by up to 42.05% (19.21% on average). Compared with the state-of-the-art,             FaaSLight             achieves a 21.25× improvement in reducing the average total response latency.
An Examination of the Audit Committee's Impact on the Relationship Between Creative Accounting and Financial Reporting Quality in Commercial Banks

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی تأثیر کمیته حسابرسی بر رابطه بین حسابداری خلاق و کیفیت گزارشگری مالی در بانک‌های تجاری انجام شده است. جامعه آماری ، کارمندان بانک‌های استان بودند و نمونه‌گیری به روش تصادفی ساده انجام شد که در نهایت 392 پرسشنامه معتبر جمع‌آوری گردید. ابزار جمع‌آوری داده‌ها پرسشنامه و روش تحلیل داده‌ها مدل ساختاری معادلات جزئی (PLS) بود. روایی و پایایی پژوهش مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. نتایج تحلیل نشان داد مسائل اخلاقی بیشترین تأثیر مثبت و معنادار را بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی دارند که تأکید بر رعایت اصول اخلاق حرفه‌ای برای جلوگیری از تحریف اطلاعات مالی دارد. کیفیت افشا نیز نقش مکمل ولی قابل توجهی در ارتقای شفافیت گزارشگری مالی ایفا می‌کند. کنترل داخلی تأثیر مهمی در تضمین صحت گزارش‌های مالی دارد و ساختار مالکیت با بیشترین ضرایب نقش قوی در تقویت انگیزه‌های نظارتی و بهبود کیفیت گزارشگری ایفا می‌کند. همچنین، کمیته حسابرسی به عنوان عامل تعدیل‌کننده، توانست اثر مثبت این عوامل را بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی تقویت کند، که اهمیت جایگاه این نهاد در ارتقای حاکمیت شرکتی و مقابله با حسابداری خلاق را نشان می‌دهد. این نتایج با پژوهش‌های پیشین همسو است و پیشنهاد می‌شود بانک‌ها در جهت تقویت زیرساخت‌های اخلاقی، کنترلی و نظارتی، به ویژه استقلال و تخصص کمیته حسابرسی، گام‌های مؤثری بردارند تا کیفیت گزارشگری مالی به نحو چشمگیری بهبود یابد. این پژوهش ضمن تأکید بر نقش تعاملی کمیته حسابرسی، زمینه‌ساز تحقیقات آتی در مطالعه اثرات متغیرهای فرهنگی، فناورانه و مقرراتی بر کیفیت گزارشگری مالی در نظام بانکی ایران است.
HUMAN RIGHT TO WATER AND SANITATION

The subject matter elaborated in this paper is human right to water, from both international and national legal standpoints. The scope of the paper is limited to respected international law developments and the national legal systems of the countries of the South Eastern Europe (SEE). The paper contains a brief review of a current state of thing regarding an access to safe drinking water and providing of basic sanitary conditions in the world, core features of the UNGA Resolution 64/292 which has recognized the human right to water and sanitation, a historic review of the legal provisions in the SEE countires regarding freedom of general use of water, and finally a short indication of the relations between state sovereignty and human right to water. In a concluding part of the paper the authors point out a potencial need of the SEE countries to revisit the realization of the human right to water guarantied to their citizens in their legal systems and to broaden the guarantied realization of that human right up to its full scope and content.
International Development Cooperation and Climate Change Adaptation in Kuyoj Qhocha, Bolivia - A Case Study of Resilience and Vulnerability Among Small-Scale Farmers

In the small basin Kuyoj Qhocha, in Bolivia, an agriculture program named PROAGRO (Programa de Desarrollo Agropecuario Sostenible, Sustainable Agricultural Development Program) is being conducted. The program is carried out by a trilateral cooperation between Bolivia, Germany and Sweden and its main objectives are to increase resilience to climate risks among small-scale farmers, improve their management of water resources and local watersheds and generate increased and sustainable returns from their agricultural production. This essay aims to respond on how Kuyoj Qhocha‟s small-scale farmers and other actors involved in PROAGRO perceive that climate change is affecting the farmers‟ livelihood. It also aims to investigate if the farmers and the other actors recognize that the farmers‟ resilience to climate risks is increasing as a result of the efforts made through PROAGRO. The investigation has been made through qualitative interviews with farmers, personnel from international cooperation agencies and with officials at the local municipality. The investigation is compared with earlier research concerning climate change adaptation and social resilience. The study shows that farmers of the region are experiencing variations in climate, such as altered rain and heat cycles, affecting them both negatively: for example through destroyed plantations due to droughts, and positively: for example by the possibility to cultivate new crops. Their resilience against climate risks is gradually increasing mainly because of the usage of water harvest technologies but also through several integrated solutions such as the exploit of beneficial opportunities through the diversification of crops and income, by educational workshops and by assisting the farmers to apply for economic support from the government.
High parasite prevalence driven by the human-animal-environment interface: a One Health study in an urban area in southern of Chile

Parasitic infections remain a global health concern, affecting human populations worldwide. However, comprehensive studies evaluating human, animal, and environmental interactions driven transmission of parasites are limited. We conducted a One Health study in an urban area of Valdivia, Chile. Human participants provided fecal and blood samples for parasitological and serological analysis. Environmental soil samples were collected from public parks, and fecal samples from owned and stray dogs were analyzed. Detection of intestinal parasites employed microscopy and molecular techniques, including next-generation sequencing (NGS), while anti-Toxocara canis antibodies in humans were assessed using ELISA. Socioeconomic surveys explored risk factors associated with parasitism. Parasite prevalence was 28% in humans, 26% in owned dogs, and 44% in environmental dog feces. Anti-T. canis IgG antibodies were present in 33% of humans. Soil contamination was identified in up to 30.5% of park samples, harboring zoonotic parasites such as Toxocara sp. and Trichuris vulpis, the same species identified in environmental dog feces. Zoonotic subtypes of Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis sp. were detected in humans. Our findings highlight significant zoonotic and environmental transmission contributing to human parasitic infections in urban settings, underscoring the need for integrated public health interventions. This study demonstrates the importance of adopting an OneHealth approach in the study of parasitology. The complex ecology of parasites requires an integrated perspective to fully understand their transmission pathways and develop effective control strategies. By emphasizing the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health, we aim to contribute to the management and mitigation of this persistent public health issue.
The New Architecture of Global Finance:&amp;nbsp;An In-Depth Analysis of Central Bank Digital Currencies and Blockchain-Based Cross-Border Payments

Global financial systems are approaching a significant paradigm shift, catalyzed by accelerated&amp;nbsp;research and development efforts on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC). The current correspondent banking model for cross-border payments harbors persistent inefficiencies, including&amp;nbsp;high transaction costs, slow settlement times (typically T+2), and operational opacity [1], [2]. Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) presents a revolutionary solution to these frictions by providing&amp;nbsp;a common infrastructure that enables secure, automated, and near-instantaneous value transfers&amp;nbsp;[3]. This report seeks to demonstrate that global monetary authorities have made CBDC development a priority to remedy long-standing inefficiencies. As of the first quarter of 2025, 134 countries, representing 98% of the Global GDP, are actively engaged in CBDC initiatives. Notably, all&amp;nbsp;G20 members are participating, and 13 of them (including Brazil, Japan, India, and Türkiye) have&amp;nbsp;entered the advanced pilot phase [4].&amp;nbsp;Pioneering international collaborations define the technical and operational contours of this emerging architecture. The mBridge project, which has reached the Minimum Viable Product (MVP)&amp;nbsp;stage, has convened the central banks of China, Hong Kong, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates,&amp;nbsp;and Saudi Arabia on a single platform to promote local currency payments.&amp;nbsp;
Judicial independence as a foundation of a state based on rule of law

This article, written to commemorate Tamara Morshchakova’s ninetieth birthday, delves into the problem of judicial independence — the cause that Morshchakova herself championed throughout her professional life. The author postulates that while a lack of judicial independence is usually obvious, as reflected in negative public opinion, there is no consensus on the structural conditions necessary to ensure judicial independence. Moreover, implementing the necessary standards in practice poses an even greater challenge. Although judicial independence is widely recognised as a fundamental prerequisite for the realisation of human rights in a state based on the rule of law, best practices and common standards remain a subject of debate. There are rules in place at many different levels, with the Venice Commission being one of the most active players in this field. The Venice Commission has emphasized that there is no single model for the appointment of judges which could ideally comply with the principle of the separation of powers and secure full independence of the judiciary. It indicates that all systems should strive for a depoliticisation of judicial appointments and promote appointments based on the objective merits of the candidates. It is even accepted that the requirements for “old democracies” with a long tradition of the rule of law, may differ from those for “new democracies”, which are in a transitional phase after a regime change from autocracy to democracy. Confronted with complaints from judges about their independence and from applicants about the lack of a “tribunal established by law”, especially in Poland following far-reaching reforms, the European Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights were tasked with deriving standards from the European Convention on Human Rights and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. The article focuses on key issues in this context, such as the classification of the “right to judicial independence” as a subjective human right, best practices for judicial appointments, and the safeguards in case of judges’ dismissals.
From structure to electrochemistry: the influence of transition metal ordering on Na<sup>+</sup>/vacancy orderings in P2-type Na<sub><i>x</i></sub>MO<sub>2</sub> cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries

In this work, the origin of Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxNiyMn1−yO2 is investigated. A general guideline to suppress Na+/vacancy orderings in P2-type NaxMO2 cathode active materials is postulated.
Promoting Public Engagement of Natural History Collections through Science Communication

Natural history collections are essential for understanding the world’s biodiversity and drive research in taxonomy, systematics, ecology and biosecurity. One of the biggest challenges faced is the decline of new taxonomists and public interest in collections-based research, which is alarming considering that an estimated 70% of the world’s species are yet to be formally described.           Science communication combines public relations with the dissemination of scientific knowledge and offers many benefits to promoting natural history collections to a wide audience. For example, social media has revolutionised the way collections and their staff communicate with the public in real time, and can attract more visitors to collection exhibits and new students interested in natural history. Although not everyone is born a natural science communicator, institutions can encourage and provide training for their staff to become engaging spokespeople skilled in social media and public speaking, including television, radio and/or print media. By embracing science communication, natural history collections can influence their target audiences in a positive and meaningful way, raise the profile of their institution, encourage respect for biodiversity, promote their events and research outputs, seek philanthropic donations, connect with other researchers or industry leaders, and most importantly, inspire the next generation of natural historians.
Participation vs Protection : A quantitative content analysis of ‘Women, Peace and Security’ in the Swedish statements in the United Nations Security Council 2017-2018

This paper takes its point of departure in the skewed attention towards the ‘protection’ of women rather than the ‘participation’ of women when talking about ‘Women, Peace &amp;Security’ (WPS) in the UN Security Council. Given the centrality of Sweden, as the first country in the world with a feminist foreign policy, this thesis fills a gap in the current research as it investigates whether this skewed attention was reflected during Sweden’s time as a non-permanent member in the UNSC 2017-2018 or not. A quantitative content analysis of 318 Swedish statements in the UNSC 2017-2018 conducted in this paper shows an overall result where Sweden mentions women in the context of participation more frequently than protection. This outcome is further explained by three Government Officials active during Sweden’s time in the UNSC, as resulting from the Swedish strategy and the feminist foreign policy. Furthermore, the results of this study indicate a change in how frequently Sweden refers to participation over protection between 2017 and 2018; the strategy of attaching larger focus to participation is significantly clearer the second year. The interviewees explain that this was due to the increased experience in the UNSC and increased credibility for Sweden among the other member states. The current stage of the conflict or peacekeeping operation in question, i.e. in the country of discussion in the UNSC, was also considered as a large part of the strategy, suggesting the nature of the conflict to be of importance for the results and hence relevant to analyze in future research on the attention payed to participation versus protection in the UNSC.
Learning Interpretable Disease Self-Representations for Drug Repositioning

Drug repositioning is an attractive cost-efficient strategy for the development of treatments for human diseases. Here, we propose an interpretable model that learns disease self-representations for drug repositioning. Our self-representation model represents each disease as a linear combination of a few other diseases. We enforce proximity in the learnt representations in a way to preserve the geometric structure of the human phenome network - a domain-specific knowledge that naturally adds relational inductive bias to the disease self-representations. We prove that our method is globally optimal and show results outperforming state-of-the-art drug repositioning approaches. We further show that the disease self-representations are biologically interpretable.
Statistical mechanics of pressure-anesthetic antagonism on the phase transition of phospholipid membranes: Interfacial water hypothesis

Abstract   A statistical mechanical theory is formulated to describe the effect of anesthetics and high pressure upon the phase-transition temperature of phospholipid membranes. The theory shows that the transition temperature is elevated by high pressure and depressed by anesthetics when the number of anesthetic molecules adsorbed on the membrane is smaller on gel membranes than on liquid membranes. When the usual adsorption theory which treats water molecules as a homogeneous solvent matrix is applied, it overestimates the affinity potential of the anesthetic molecules to the membrane compared to the experimentally obtained  ΔH  0  of the transfer. The large partition coefficients of the anesthetics between lipid membranes and water with their small temperature dependence cannot be explained by this model. By taking into account the release of structured water molecules around the free anesthetic and the membrane interface by the association, the molecular origin of the large values of the partition coefficients and their small dependency on temperature can be explained. In simplified form, the interfacial structured water molecules are shown to make an entropic contribution to the large partition coefficient and simultaneously an enthalpic contribution to the small temperature dependence of the coefficient.
Designing Usable Transparency for Mobile Health Research: The impact of transparency enhancing tools on the users’ trust in citizen science apps

Medical researchers are exploring the potential of patients’ mobile phones and wearables for medical studies. The contribution of volunteers in a form of citizen science, where citizens donate their data for research purposes, can enable studies on a large scale. This research area, known as mobile health, often relies on shared data such as tracked steps or self- reporting forms. Privacy, transparency and trust play a fundamental role in the interaction of users with related platforms that agglomerate medical studies.This project explores privacy concerns of potential users of mobile health citizen science apps, summarises similar user patterns and analyses the impact of transparency enhancing tools on the users’ trust. In this context, a prototype with different features that aim to increase the transparency is designed, tested and evaluated. The results indicate how users perceive the importance and the generated trust of the proposed features and provide recommendations for data donation platforms.
A Measurement of the Polarization‐Temperature Angular Cross‐Power Spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background from the 2003 Flight of BOOMERANG

Submitted to Ap.J.; Version with high resolution figures will be available at: http://oberon.roma1.infn.it/boomerang/b2k and http://cmb.phys.cwru.edu/boomerang/