ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
A Finite-Element Analogy for Distributed Computing Resilience: Predictive, Non-Invasive Resiliency Engineering Beyond Chaos Testing

We present a predictive, telemetry-compatible finite-element (FEA) analogy for dis- tributed computing resilience. Traffic is modeled as load vectors, latency/error/saturation as strain components, and capacity & coupling as a stiffness matrix. We derive node and system resilience scores, a von-Mises–style fragility metric, closed-form critical-load predictions, and cascade propagation conditions. This revision addresses reviewer requests: explicit prob- lem statement, a concise state-of-the-art section, narrative bridging before mathematics, telemetry-based parameter estimation, a fully worked 4-node numeric example with embed- ded TikZ plots, and rigorous proofs (critical load, modal fragility, cascade).
Responsibility to Protect or Trojan Horse? The Crisis in Darfur and Humanitarian Intervention after Iraq

What does the world's engagement with the unfolding crisis in Darfur tell us about the impact of the Iraq war on the norm of humanitarian intervention? Is a global consensus about a “responsibility to protect” more or less likely? There are at least three potential answers to these questions. Some argue that the merging of strategic interests and humanitarian goods amplified by the intervention in Afghanistan makes it more likely that the world's most powerful states will act to prevent or halt humanitarian crises. Others insist that the widespread perception that the United States and its allies “abused” humanitarian justifications to legitimate its invasion of Iraq has set back efforts to build a global consensus about humanitarian action. A third group argues that the “responsibility to protect” inhibits the potential for abuse and, as a result, consensus is likely to strengthen post-Iraq for precisely this reason. Through a detailed study of the international engagement with Darfur, I suggest that the latter two arguments have merit but need to be adjusted. I argue that the humanitarian intervention norm has changed in two subtle ways. First, while the strength of the norm itself has not changed, the credibility of the United States and U.K. as “norm carriers” has been significantly undermined. Second, while the “responsibility to protect” has been invoked to support international activism, it has also re-legitimated anti-interventionist arguments.
Influence of School Managers’ Ethical Leadership Behaviors on Organizational Culture: Teachers’ Perceptions

Problem Statement : Frequently researched, organizational effectiveness is influenced by leadership, organizational culture and climate, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction; additionally, for effective, sustainable management, ethical leadership, which also influences organizational culture, is emphasized. To our knowledge, no previous studies exist on the relationship (and predictiveness) between ethical leadership and organizational culture. Therefore, this study’s general purpose was to identify the influence of school managers’ ethical leadership behaviors on organizational culture as perceived by teachers. Purpose of the Study: The general purpose of this study is to identify the influence of ethical leadership behaviors of school managers on organizational culture as perceived by teachers. It thus aims to fill a scientific gap in this field and make a contribution by sharing results and suggestions based on our findings. Method : Based on the relational screening model, this descriptive study’s participants were 3302 teachers serving in 323 schools in the city of Duzce and its districts during the 2013–2014 school year. The Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS) and the Organizational Culture Scale (OCS) were used as data collection tools. Ethical leadership (and its sub-dimensions)was considered the independent variable, while organizational culture (and its sub-dimensions)was the predicted dependent variable. Regression analysis was performed to discover to what extent these variables were predicted. Findings : We found a fairly high level of positive significant correlation between ethical leadership and organizational culture. Regression analysis showed that ethical leadership is a strong predictor of organizational culture. Conclusion and Recommendations: We found a moderate-to-high positive significant correlation between ethical leadership and organizational culture. Regression analysis showed that ethical leadership strongly predicts organizational culture. Our findings revealed a positively significant correlation between ethical leadership behaviors and organizational culture; ethical leadership is a strong predictor of organizational culture. The more ethical leadership behaviors managers display, the more teachers’ perceptions of organizational culture positively increase. Recommendations are to implement social and distributional justice among teachers and the fair distribution of awards and punishments, along with transparent inspection.
Corporate Social Responsibility Approaches to Ethical AI in Hotel Industry Business

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in the hotel industry has brought about significant advancements in customer service, operational efficiency, and personalized experiences. However, the ethical implications of AI usage in this sector raise critical concerns that necessitate a proactive approach to corporate social responsibility (CSR). This chapter explores the various CSR strategies adopted by hotel businesses to ensure the ethical implementation of AI technologies. It discusses the importance of transparency, fairness, and accountability in AI applications, and the role of CSR in addressing issues such as data privacy, bias, and the impact on employment. By adopting ethical AI practices, hotels can not only enhance their reputation but also contribute to sustainable business models that prioritize the well-being of all stakeholders.
The Relationship between Data Protection and the Right to Privacy and the Prospects of These Rights to Counterbalance the Risks Posed by the Surveillance Society

Although data protection and privacy overlaps they can be considered separately due to the differences in the scope, protection given to individuals and other important aspects and can be viewed as legal tools for counterbalancing the risks posed by the surveillance society. Accordingly, this paper will discuss the main concepts of privacy and data protection, their general aspects and overlaps, distinctions between privacy and data protection. This paper will discuss the added value of data protection in the context of counterbalancing the risks posed by the surveillance society and analyze the efficient tools for balancing power in a democratic society.
(Invited) From Solid State Chemistry to Battery Materials Electrochemistry: A Tool for Solid State Chemistry

Researches on battery materials has considerably increased during the last 30 years due to the huge development of lithium-ion batteries for portable devices (laptops, cellular phones, …) and more recently with the need to store energy in order to optimize its consumption. The next goal is the development of batteries for electric vehicles and their use into the grid. Nevertheless, the aqueous batteries (Ni-Cd, Ni-MH and Lead Acid) are always used in numerous applications thanks to their low price. In most of the batteries, the intercalation (deintercalation) of monovalent cations (H+, Li+, Na+) and electrons is the basic electrochemical reaction. The cell voltage is equal to the difference in Fermi level between the two electrodes. If one electrode exhibits a constant voltage it can act as reference and therefore, the cell voltage reflects all structure modifications which occurs on the material upon intercalation. The change is cell voltage depends on: (i) the electronic band filling, (ii) the change in the band structure due to change in composition, (iii) the modification of the Magdelung energy. In some cases the monotonous decreases of the voltage during the intercalation reaction indicates that the reaction occurs through a monophasic domain. In numerous cases, the reaction mechanism is more complicated and involves biphasic domains and/or formation of materials with a specific composition. The voltage vs composition curve is much more complicated and gives directly the phase diagram of the studied system.                 For the solid state chemist, the studies of the electrochemical reaction using a battery opens new possibilities to determine phase diagram at RT, but also to synthesize new metastable phases from a precursor made by classical solid state chemistry. The in situ or in operando experiments allow to follow directly the structural modifications occurring during the electrochemical reaction. Using synchrotron experiments it is possible to make experiments at high rate and therefore evidence intermediate states and understand the reactions mechanism. In the recent years, XRD diffraction and XAS analysis were intensively used.                On the opposite way, very sophisticated Solid State Chemistry techniques like solid state MAS NMR, Mossbauer spectroscopy and high resolution electron microscopy in aberration corrected microscope allowed to characterize battery materials at the atomic level.                 In this presentation, some typical results obtained in Bordeaux concerning lithium and sodium layered oxides will be presented to emphasize the dual approach:                 batteries to solid state chemistry and solid state chemistry to batteries.
The Solution for CVPR2024 Foundational Few-Shot Object Detection Challenge

This report introduces an enhanced method for the Foundational Few-Shot Object Detection (FSOD) task, leveraging the vision-language model (VLM) for object detection. However, on specific datasets, VLM may encounter the problem where the detected targets are misaligned with the target concepts of interest. This misalignment hinders the zero-shot performance of VLM and the application of fine-tuning methods based on pseudo-labels. To address this issue, we propose the VLM+ framework, which integrates the multimodal large language model (MM-LLM). Specifically, we use MM-LLM to generate a series of referential expressions for each category. Based on the VLM predictions and the given annotations, we select the best referential expression for each category by matching the maximum IoU. Subsequently, we use these referential expressions to generate pseudo-labels for all images in the training set and then combine them with the original labeled data to fine-tune the VLM. Additionally, we employ iterative pseudo-label generation and optimization to further enhance the performance of the VLM. Our approach achieve 32.56 mAP in the final test.
The Sunset of Humanitarian Intervention? The Responsibility to Protect in a Unipolar Era

Abstract                   In spite of the current preoccupations, in the United States and in the United Nations, with the wars on terrorism and the occupation in Iraq, humanitarian intervention remains an important policy option. Future debates and action are framed by the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, whose report entitled The Responsibility To Protect and an accompanying research volume were published in December 2001. Future humanitarian crises will arise in conjunction with the need for military force to protect human beings, and so four shortcomings of the report are evident. First, the report is not as forward-looking as the commissioners thought or as many opponents feared. Second, the concerns of the most vehement critics, especially developing countries, are misplaced because the problem is too little humanitarian intervention, not too much. Third, the purported danger that the concept of the responsibility to protect might become a Trojan Horse to be used by the great powers to intervene is fundamentally incorrect; rather, intervention by the USA in its pre-emptive or preventive war mode is the pressing concern. Fourth, the notion of reforming the UN Security Council is an illusion; the real challenge is to identify those humanitarian crises where Washington’s tactical multilateralism kicks in.
A Bayesian Net Benefit Approach to Cost‐effectiveness Analysis in Health Technology Assessment

ESCI
Controlling topological phases of matter with quantum light

Controlling the topological properties of quantum matter is a major goal of condensed matter physics. A major effort in this direction has been devoted to using classical light in the form of Floquet drives to manipulate and induce states with non-trivial topology. A different route can be achieved with cavity photons. Here we consider a prototypical model for topological phase transition, the one-dimensional Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) model, coupled to a single mode cavity. We show that quantum light can affect the topological properties of the system, including the finite-length energy spectrum hosting edge modes and the topological phase diagram. In particular we show that depending on the lattice geometry and the strength of light-matter coupling one can either turn a trivial phase into a topological one or viceversa using quantum cavity fields. Furthermore, we compute the polariton spectrum of the coupled electron-photon system, and we note that the lower polariton branch disappears at the topological transition point. This phenomenon can be used to probe the phase transition in the SSH model.
Force Field Design and Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Carbapenem- and Cephamycin-Resistant Dinuclear Zinc Metallo-β-lactamase from<i>Bacteroides fragilis</i>and Its Complex with a Biphenyl Tetrazole Inhibitor

On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, we investigate the dynamic properties of the carbapenem- and cephamycin-resistant dinuclear zinc metallo-beta-lactamase from Bacteroides fragilis and its complex with a biphenyl tetrazole inhibitor, 2-butyl-6-hydroxy-3-[2'-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-ylmethyl]-3H-quinazolin-4-one 1 (L-159061). The results obtained with the newly developed force field parameters for the coordination environment of the catalytic zinc ions show that the active site gorge comprising major and minor loops gets deeper and narrower upon binding of the inhibitor, which supports the previous experimental implication that the structural flexibility of the loop structures plays a significant role in enzymatic action. In the presence of the inhibitor, the Trp32 side chain at the apex of the major loop covers the entrance of active site channel, thereby contributing to the stabilization of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. In addition to a direct coordination of the inhibitor tetrazole ring to the second zinc ion in the active site, the hydrogen bonding of Lys167 to the inhibitor carbonyl group and hydrophobic interactions between the inhibitor and side chains of loop residues prove to be significant binding forces of the enzyme-inhibitor complex.
Decision-Making autonomy of federal regulatory agencies and the formation of collegiate bodies in Brazilian Law: Critical analysis based on the assumptions of public choice theory and administrative process theory of regulation

[Purpose] This article seeks to critically examine, based on the assumptions of the theory of public choice and the administrative process theory of regulation, the legal arrangement envisaged to ensure decision-making autonomy for federal regulatory agencies, especially based on the model envisaged for the process of appointing their leaders. [Methodology/approach/design] On the one hand (descriptive), public choice theory, according to the methodology parameters of Duncan Black, Kenneth Arrow, Anthony Downs, James Buchanan, Mancur Olson, William Niskanen and George Stliger, despite not being a regulatory capture theory, allows envision the possibility that, in some cases, the “acquisition” of regulation by special interest groups and/or by political power may occur. On the other hand (normative), administrative process theory of regulation, from the perspective of Steven P. Croley, helps to understand the environment employed within the scope of regulatory agencies to make their decisions, especially with regard to procedural and institutional guarantees they seek ensure decision-making autonomy to the regulator, so that, with this, the risks of capture are avoided or reduced, which would consist of dysfunctional behavior incompatible with conceptions of law and public interest that inform the production of state acts, as it occurs with economic regulation. In this context, the process of appointing the directors of regulatory agencies will be critically evaluated, considering the current political monopoly of this activity and the possible repercussions for the decision-making autonomy of federal agencies. [Findings] The research indicates that, despite the institutional and procedural progress existing in Brazilian law, it would still be possible (and even desirable) to promote new improvements, especially to reduce political power in the formation of collegiate bodies of regulatory agencies.
Haptic Surgical Simulator for Robot‐Assisted Femur‐Fracture Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background                     Effective preparation is essential before deploying robot‐assisted surgery (RAS) in the operating room (OR).                                                           Methods                     In this study, we present the Robossis surgical simulator (RSS), a haptic, fluoroscopy‐guided simulator designed for femur‐fracture surgery. Twenty medical students were randomly assigned to either the virtual reality (VR) head‐mounted display (HMD) or non‐VR (i.e., on‐screen) groups.                                                           Results                                            Both groups showed significant pre‐to‐post gains across metrics (                       p                         &lt; 0.05), with shorter times (on‐screen ≈ −39%, HMD‐VR ≈ −40%), improved accuracy (on‐screen ≈ −77%; HMD‐VR ≈ −52%), reduced path length (on‐screen ≈ −44%; HMD‐VR ≈ −46%), and fewer collisions (on‐screen ≈ −55%; HMD‐VR ≈ −63%). Workload decreased for most domains in both groups; physical demand did not change significantly in the on‐screen group (                       p                       = 0.1821). In the between‐group post‐training, the only difference was in translational accuracy (                       p                       = 0.041) for the on‐screen group.                                                                                Conclusion                     These findings highlight the learning curve associated with VR training for RAS.
How much laser power can propagate through fusion plasma?

Propagation of intense laser beams is crucial for inertial confinement fusion, which requires precise beam control to achieve the compression and heating necessary to ignite the fusion reaction. The National Ignition Facility (NIF), where fusion will be attempted, is now under construction. Control of intense beam propagation may be ruined by laser beam self-focusing. We have identified the maximum laser beam power that can propagate through fusion plasma without significant self-focusing and have found excellent agreement with recent experimental data, and suggest a way to increase that maximum by appropriate choice of plasma composition with implication for NIF designs. Our theory also leads to the prediction of anti-correlation between beam spray and backscatter and suggests the indirect control of backscatter through manipulation of plasma ionization state or acoustic damping.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Lamotrigine Exposure in Special Populations to Facilitate Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Guide Dosing Regimens

Background: Lamotrigine plays a crucial role in the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder in adults and children. However, its pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior in first or long-term treatment in pediatric patients and the changes in drug exposure in patients with renal impairment are not well characterized. The purpose of the research was to build a robust physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of lamotrigine for the prediction of drug exposure in diverse populations to facilitate therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and guide dosing regimens. Methods: The physicochemical parameter values of lamotrigine were integrated to establish and validate the model in an adult population in PK-sim. This adult PBPK model can be extrapolated to children and patients with renal impairment to predict PK changes. Results: Most of the observed data were within the 5th and 95th percentile intervals of the variability around the predicted plasma concentrations. The model predicted pharmacokinetic thresholds and exposure values for clinically safe and effective doses recommended by the FDA for initial and long-term treatment of epilepsy in adults and children aged 2–12 years. Notably, patients with severe renal impairment and end-stage renal disease experienced an average increase in the area under the curve of 1.51 folds and 1.62 folds, respectively. This scenario necessitates further lamotrigine dose adjustments. Conclusions: The developed lamotrigine PBPK model offers a strategy for assisting clinicians in TDM and dose adjustment for special populations, thereby offering a reference (PK parameters, as well as peak and valley concentrations to reach a steady state) for a safer administration regimen in clinical treatment.
An Analysis of User Satisfaction Variations in the Human Resource Information System (HRIS) Application at PT X Enjiniring

Introduction: The integration of Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) has become increasingly important in supporting efficiency, accuracy, and transparency within human resource management. In organizations with large and dynamic workforces, such as the electricity sector, the implementation of HRIS plays a critical role in sustaining organizational effectiveness. PT X Enjiniring adopted SunFish HRIS to overcome the challenges of managing complex HR processes. This study aims to evaluate the success of SunFish HRIS implementation at PT X Enjiniring by examining four dimensions of the Information System Success Model (ISSM): system quality, information quality, service quality, and user satisfaction  Methodology: This research employed a quantitative descriptive design using primary data collected through questionnaires. A total of 41 valid responses from SunFish HRIS users were analyzed. Respondents assessed statements on a 4-point Likert scale, covering indicators from the four ISSM dimensions. Descriptive statistical analysis was used to evaluate user perception.  Research Findings: The findings show that respondents generally expressed agreement with all indicators across the four ISSM dimensions. This study concludes that SunFish HRIS has been successfully implemented, meeting user expectations in terms of reliability, information relevance, and service responsiveness, which collectively contribute to user satisfaction.  Theoretical Contribution/Originality: The findings highlight the importance of HRIS as a socio-technical system where system stability, information quality, and service quality must align to deliver sustainable organizational value. Future studies are recommended to adopt comparative, longitudinal, or mixed-method approaches to deepen the understanding of HRIS success factors across different organizational contexts.