ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
A MAN-TALAVAHO: A PROGRESSIVE WEB APPLICATION-HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (PWA-HRIS) FOR THE MUNICIPAL HUMAN RESOURCE OFFICE OF DUPAX DEL SUR

Man-Talavaho: A Progressive Web Application - Human Resource Information System (PWA-HRIS)" is designed to automate HR processes, enhancing manual record-keeping and improving efficiency for HR personnel, job applicants, and LGU employees. Using the Rapid Application Development (RAD) methodology, the project followed four phases: requirements planning, user design, construction, and cutover, enabling continuous feedback and improvement. A mixed-method approach combining descriptive and developmental research, along with ISO 25010:2015 standards, guided the system's development and assessment. The pilot study involved HR officers, administrative aides, job applicants, and IT experts. Built with React.jsx, Node.js, MongoDB, and other technologies, the application aims to streamline HR operations effectively.Keywords: Progressive Web App, Information System, Human Resource, React.Jsx, CSS 3, Node.JS, HTML 5, Express, MongoDB, Visual Studio Code
Traditional Chinese medicine based on Tongjiang methodology combined with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) step-down in treating non-erosive reflux disease: a study protocol for a multicentered, randomized controlled clinical trial

Abstract                 Background                 Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) is characterized by typical gastroesophageal reflux symptoms, such as heartburn and regurgitation but an absence of esophageal mucosal damage during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Although proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the first line therapy, almost 50% of patients with NERD fail to respond to this treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can better relieve the symptoms of NERD. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to investigate the efficiency of TCM granules based on Tongjiang (TJ) methodology combined with PPI step-down therapy for NERD patients who did not respond to PPIs alone.                                Method                 This multicentered, double-blinded, RCT with two parallel groups will recruit 174 participants who will be randomized into the TCM granules combined with PPI step-down group (n = 87) and the TCM granules placebo combined with PPI step-down group (n = 87). Both groups of participants will receive 6 weeks of treatment and 4 weeks of follow-up, and all participants will be assessed for related symptoms, mental health status, and quality of life at each visit. The primary outcome measurements include visual analog scale (VAS) for heartburn and regurgitation and the major symptoms scale. The secondary outcome measurements include PPI withdrawal rate, symptom recurrence rate, minor symptoms scale, SF-36, PRO, SAS, SDS, GERD–HRQL, and TCM syndromes scales.                                Discussion                 Previous research has shown that TCM is capable to alleviate NERD symptoms. This trial will help to provide a better understanding of the synergistic efficiency of the combination of TCM and PPIs, to explore whether the dosage of PPIs can be reduced after the supplement of TCM granules and to provide a feasible plan to reduce dependencies or withdraw NERD patients from PPIs. The outcome of this trial is expected to reduce the symptom recurrence rates, lessen patients’ physical and psychological burdens, and achieve good social benefits.                                Trial registration                 Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04340297. Registered on April 9, 2020
Trial and Sentencing: Judicial Independence, Training and Appointment of Judges, Structure of Criminal Procedure, Sentencing Patterns, the Role of the Defence in the Countries in Transition

AbstractNo Abstract
Positioning paper citizen science for health: research and innovation

This positioning statement is written for the Centre of Expertise Healthy Ageing (CoE HA) and allied schools within the Hanze University of Applied Sciences. As focus for the coming years, the CoE HA has identified three themes, as well as three so-called ‘enablers’, i.e. approaches, methods and tools through which the themes can be developed concretely and implemented practically.
The Evolution of Humanitarian Intervention: Ethical and Pragmatic Considerations in International Law – From the Responsibility to Protect to the Responsibility While Protecting

The Responsibility to Protect (R2P) is a dynamic and evolving concept within the field of humanitarian intervention. Initially introduced as a response to the global need for protecting populations from mass atrocities, it represents an attempt to create a novel framework within international law. R2P is centered on the idea that sovereignty is not an absolute right but carries the responsibility to protect citizens from genocide, war crimes, ethnic cleansing, and crimes against humanity. Despite its widespread endorsement, there is ongoing debate regarding the future trajectory and practical application of R2P. The discourse oscillates between whether R2P should be seen as a shared understanding of moral principles or as a legally binding doctrine within international law. Its evolution is shaped by the complex interactions among states, international organizations, and civil society, each promoting varying interpretations of the concept.  A significant development occurred in 2011 with Brazil's introduction of the concept of Responsibility while Protecting (RwP), which sought to refine and complement R2P by emphasizing the importance of accountability and oversight during interventions. RwP introduced the idea that while states have the responsibility to intervene in situations of mass atrocities, they must do so in a manner that adheres to strict criteria, including proportionality and monitoring the consequences of their actions. This addition has sparked further debate about the strength and limitations of R2P, with some arguing that RwP could dilute the urgency of intervention, while others view it as a necessary safeguard against abuse. The ongoing dialogue between these two concepts reflects the broader tension between ethical and pragmatic considerations in international humanitarian law, leaving the future of both frameworks open to interpretation and reform.  © 2024 Journal of Law, Society, and Authority. All rights reserved.
RMAdapter: Reconstruction-based Multi-Modal Adapter for Vision-Language Models

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs), e.g. CLIP, have become essential tools in multimodal transfer learning.   However, fine-tuning VLMs in few-shot scenarios poses significant challenges in balancing task-specific adaptation and generalization in the obtained model. Meanwhile, current researches have predominantly focused on prompt-based adaptation methods, leaving adapter-based approaches underexplored and revealing notable performance gaps.   To address these challenges, we introduce a novel Reconstruction-based Multimodal Adapter (RMAdapter), which leverages a dual-branch architecture.   Unlike conventional single-branch adapters, RMAdapter consists of:   (1) an adaptation branch that injects task-specific knowledge through parameter-efficient fine-tuning, and   (2) a reconstruction branch that preserves general knowledge by reconstructing latent space features back into the original feature space.   This design facilitates a dynamic balance between general and task-specific knowledge. Importantly, although RMAdapter introduces an additional reconstruction branch, it is carefully optimized to remain lightweight. By computing reconstruction loss locally at each layer and sharing projection modules, the overall computational overhead is kept minimal. A consistency constraint is also incorporated to better regulate the trade-off between discriminability and generalization. We comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of RMAdapter on three representative tasks: generalization to new categories, generalization to new target datasets, and domain generalization.   Without relying on data augmentation or duplicate prompt designs, our RMAdapter consistently outperforms state-of-the-art approaches across all evaluation metrics.
Solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays: The 3D heliosphere

Abstract   The cosmic ray flux observed with the Kiel Electron Telescope onboard the Ulysses space probe varies with solar activity as well as with heliospheric position. The Ulysses' fast latitude scan performed in less than one year between September 1994 to August 1995 allowed us to obtain unique data about the latitudinal dependence of cosmic ray fluxes close to solar minimum conditions. In this paper we discuss the flux variation of protons, α-particles and electrons in the few GV rigidity range, and compare our measurements with predictions from 2-dimensional drift dominated modulation models. We focus our interest on the energy dependence of the latitudinal gradient of the nuclei component, the North-South distribution of >106 MeV protons and charge dependence of 2.5 GV particles during the fast latitude scan. Whereas the latitudinal gradient for α-particles monotonically decreases with increasing energy, protons show a maximum latitudinal gradient at several hundred MeV. This maximum was not expected to exist, but can be explained in modified modulation models by increasing the diffusion perpendicular to the magnetic field in polar direction. The counting rate of >106 MeV protons in the northern and southern hemisphere is not symmetric with respect to the heliographic equator but with respect to “magnetic” latitude. The e/pratio of 2.5 GV particles shows that electrons and protons have similar temporal modulation and that the latitudinal dependence of this ratio is dominated by the latitudinal proton variation. The modified model can qualitatively reproduce the observed behaviour during the fast latitude scan.
Self-Supervised Representation Learning for CAD

The design of man-made objects is dominated by computer aided design (CAD) tools. Assisting design with data-driven machine learning methods is hampered by lack of labeled data in CAD's native format; the parametric boundary representation (B-Rep). Several data sets of mechanical parts in B-Rep format have recently been released for machine learning research. However, large scale databases are largely unlabeled, and labeled datasets are small. Additionally, task specific label sets are rare, and costly to annotate. This work proposes to leverage unlabeled CAD geometry on supervised learning tasks. We learn a novel, hybrid implicit/explicit surface representation for B-Rep geometry, and show that this pre-training significantly improves few-shot learning performance and also achieves state-of-the-art performance on several existing B-Rep benchmarks.
Genetic Discrimination in the Age of DNA Data: A Cross-National Policy Analysis of  Genomic Privacy and Medical Equity

This research explores the rising threat of genetic discrimination as access to personal DNA data becomes more common globally. Through a cross-national comparison of policies in countries like the US, India, and members of the EU, the paper identifies gaps in genomic privacy, health insurance coverage, and anti-discrimination protections. It also examines how socio-economic and digital disparities influence an individual's risk of being discriminated against based on their genetic profile. The paper calls for globally coordinated genomic governance and equitable access to genetic data protections.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropy power spectrum statistics for high precision cosmology

4 pages, 3 figures. Also available at http://www.tac.dk/~wandelt/downloads.html
Data protection-compliant broad consent for secondary use of health care data and human biosamples for (bio)medical research: towards a new German national standard Professor Professor

Background: The secondary use of deidentified but not anonymized patient data is a promising approach for enabling precision medicine and learning health care systems. In most national jurisdictions (e.g., in Europe and North America), this type of secondary use requires patient consent. While various ethical, legal, and technical analyses have stressed the opportunities and challenges for different types of consent over the past decade, no country has yet established a national consent standard accepted by the relevant authorities. Methods: A working group of the national Medical Informatics Initiative in Germany conducted a requirements analysis and developed a GDPR-compliant broad consent standard involving all relevant stakeholder groups and authorities. Results: This paper presents the broad consent text together with a guidance document on mandatory safeguards for broad consent implementation. The mandatory safeguards comprise i) independent review of individual research projects, ii) organizational measures to protect patients from involuntary disclosure of protected information, and iii) comprehensive information for patients and public transparency. This paper further describes the key issues discussed with the relevant authorities, especially the position on additional or alternative consent approaches such as dynamic consent. Discussion: Both the resulting broad consent text and the national consensus process are relevant for similar activities internationally. A key challenge of aligning consent documents with the various stakeholders was explaining and justifying the decision to use broad consent and the decision against using alternative models such as dynamic consent. Public transparency for all secondary use projects and their results emerged as a key factor in this justification. While currently largely limited to academic medicine in Germany, the first steps for extending this broad consent approach to wider areas of application, including smaller institutions and medical practices, are currently under consideration.
Beyond Exposure: Vulnerability, Adaptive Capacity, and Climate-Resilient WASH in Rural Cambodia

This paper examines the impacts of climate-related hazards on water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access and practices in rural Cambodia using a Vulnerability–Exposure–Adaptive Capacity (VEAC) framework. Drawing on survey data with 423 households and 96 local authorities across five climate-vulnerable provinces in rural Cambodia, the study integrates household experiences with perspectives from village, commune, and district authorities responsible for local WASH planning and service delivery. The analysis distinguishes exposure to floods and droughts from underlying socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities in WASH access and use, and from the social, economic, and geographic determinants shaping adaptive capacity. The findings show that while exposure to climate hazards is geographically patterned, similar levels of exposure do not produce uniform WASH outcomes. Flood impacts on hygiene, sanitation, and health are mediated by village environmental conditions and household economic status, while drought impacts and responses reflect broader locational factors alongside income insecurity and social marginalisation, including disability, older age, and female-headed households. Although awareness of climate risks and adaptative WASH options is relatively high, uptake of adaptation measures remains uneven. Adaptive capacity is constrained less by knowledge deficits than by structural and economic barriers, resulting in short-term coping rather than sustained adaptation. Overall, the study demonstrates that climate-related WASH vulnerability is shaped more by socio-economic vulnerability and mismatches in adaptive capacity across household and authority scales than by hazard exposure alone.
VeTAPRH: A Taxonomic Assignment Protocol for Vertebrates Applied to eDNA Metabarcoding Data, Including Molecular, Taxonomic and Ecological Criteria

Exploring biodiversity requires meticulous species identification within specific environments. Environmental DNA (eDNA) refers to DNA extracted from environmental samples (Taberlet et al. 2018). Using metabarcoding with eDNA enables detailed taxonomic inventories (Valentini et al. 2009, Haderlé et al. 2024). After sample collection, DNA is extracted, the targeted barcode is amplified, and obtained amplicons are sequenced, producing millions of sequences. Bioinformatics processing is then a particularly important step in the analysis used to clean, structure sequences and complete taxonomic assignments. However, computerized protocols face limitations, including taxonomic misidentifications due to intraspecific variation, such as in the Delphininae (Alfonsi et al. 2013), or incomplete reference databases (e.g. Hleap et al. 2021, Meglécz 2023). Relying on custom databases may help but can miss unexpected taxa range shifts (Gold et al. 2021, Jung et al. 2016). Including ecological data (Coissac et al. 2012, Deiner et al. 2017, Blackman et al. 2023) or integrating multiple databases (Bourret et al. 2023) enhances accuracy, and expert validation remains essential (Clarke et al. 2017, Porter and Hajibabaei 2018).            Our study aims to develop a taxonomic assignment protocol for vertebrate Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs)/Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs), called VeTAPRH (Vertebrates Taxonomic Assignment Protocol), to verify automated assignments from metabarcoding pipelines. This protocol generates successive species lists, first built on the basis of molecularly similar taxa, then successively refined on the basis of taxonomic data and plausibility of local distribution, compiled from specialized databases. By cross-referencing these criteria, we establish a list of hypothetical taxa for each MOTU, including those absent from reference databases. Initially presented as a flowchart, this protocol will lay the groundwork for a digital tool to support taxonomists.
A consensus yeast metabolic network reconstruction obtained from a community approach to systems biology

Genomic data allow the large-scale manual or semi-automated assembly of metabolic network reconstructions, which provide highly curated organism-specific knowledge bases. Although several genome-scale network reconstructions describe Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism, they differ in scope and content, and use different terminologies to describe the same chemical entities. This makes comparisons between them difficult and underscores the desirability of a consolidated metabolic network that collects and formalizes the 'community knowledge' of yeast metabolism. We describe how we have produced a consensus metabolic network reconstruction for S. cerevisiae. In drafting it, we placed special emphasis on referencing molecules to persistent databases or using database-independent forms, such as SMILES or InChI strings, as this permits their chemical structure to be represented unambiguously and in a manner that permits automated reasoning. The reconstruction is readily available via a publicly accessible database and in the Systems Biology Markup Language (http://www.comp-sys-bio.org/yeastnet). It can be maintained as a resource that serves as a common denominator for studying the systems biology of yeast. Similar strategies should benefit communities studying genome-scale metabolic networks of other organisms.
Image and Video Quality Assessment using Prompt-Guided Latent Diffusion Models for Cross-Dataset Generalization

The design of image and video quality assessment (QA) algorithms is extremely important to benchmark and calibrate user experience in modern visual systems. A major drawback of the state-of-the-art QA methods is their limited ability to generalize across diverse image and video datasets with reasonable distribution shifts. In this work, we leverage the denoising process of diffusion models for generalized image QA (IQA) and video QA (VQA) by understanding the degree of alignment between learnable quality-aware text prompts and images or video frames. In particular, we learn cross-attention maps from intermediate layers of the denoiser of latent diffusion models (LDMs) to capture quality-aware representations of images or video frames. Since applying text-to-image LDMs for every video frame is computationally expensive for videos, we only estimate the quality of a frame-rate sub-sampled version of the original video. To compensate for the loss in motion information due to frame-rate sub-sampling, we propose a novel temporal quality modulator. Our extensive cross-database experiments across various user-generated, synthetic, low-light, frame-rate variation, ultra high definition, and streaming content-based databases show that our model can achieve superior generalization in both IQA and VQA.
How Do Science Communication Practitioners View Scientists and Audiences in Relation to Public Engagement Activities? A Research Note Concerning the Marine Sciences in Portugal

This exploratory study is focused on the perceptions of science communication practitioners about the activities of scientists and the audiences of the marine sciences outreach in Portugal. Using the qualitative method of thematic analysis and collecting data through semistructured interviews of 14 practitioners of diverse professions, backgrounds, ages, and stages of career, it was found that the role of marine scientists in this area is traditionally viewed as reduced, but with a slight improvement in the past 5 to 10 years. Despite having a historical connection with and curiosity about the sea, audiences were considered to have a mostly utilitarian interest in the marine sciences. Most practitioners had a view of science communication connected to the knowledge deficit model, with a minority articulating a more dialogical model. Although there are signs of conflict between science communicators and scientists, the proliferation of training opportunities in science communication at the national level, the perceived increase of interest and participation of marine scientists in public communication in the past years, and the consolidation of science communicators as part of the scientific community offer positive prospects for the future of outreach of marine sciences in Portugal.
The effectiveness of the occupational safety and health master plan 2015 (osh-mp 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace

Background: Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 was intended to increase awareness, knowledge and commitment to Occupational Safety and Health in all undertaking to reduce the number of injuries, diseases and fatalities. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Occupational Safety Health Master Plan for Malaysia 2015 (OSH-MP 15) in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace culture. Methods: This cross sectional study covered all the states in Malaysia, constituting of 309 employers, 350 Occupational Safety Health practitioners and 360 employees as respondents. There were three questionnaires for three different groups which were employers, Occupational Safety Health practitioners and general employees. The respondents were selected through random sampling. Results: For strategy 1, there was a significant difference in mean of effectiveness of OSH-MP15 between sectors for general workers [F (11, 348) =12.06, p=<0.001], OSH practitioners [F (11, 338) =1.19, p=0.033] and employers [F (11, 297) =5.62, p=<0.001]. For strategy 2, a significant difference in mean of effectiveness of OSH-MP15 between sectors was found for general workers [F (11, 348) =4.52, p=<0.001], OSH practitioners [F (11, 338) =2.28, p=0.011], employers [F (11, 297) =5.74, p=<0.001]. Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the effectiveness of fostering, and enhancing government leadership and inculcating preventive workplace culture among respondents. This study acts as the baseline data for the effectiveness of Occupational Safety and Health Master Plan 2015 in enhancing government leadership and preventive workplace culture.