ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
International Human Rights Perspectives of Indigenous Peoples’ Land Rights and Way Forward

This article aims to provide an understanding of Indigenous Peoples land rights as human rights, focusing on the lens of global human rights mechanisms. It begins by setting out the historical development of the Indigenous Peoples movement for recognition and its relationship to land rights. The discussion then outlines the concept of land rights from Indigenous Peoples’ perspective – namely, land rights as a means of survival with culture, identity, and dignity. After presenting an interpretation of Indigenous Peoples land rights as individual and collective rights, the article then explores the relevance of core provisions of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and other UN mechanisms and their connection to policy and practice at the domestic level. Finally, the argument addresses Indigenous Peoples’ perspective on land and the interrelationship of political, legal, and policy formulations on land rights and their impact on policy and practice
Chronic health effects of recurrent indoor Pyrethroid exposure in enclosed workplaces: an occupational exposome–based clinical review in the context of limited safety guidance

Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used indoors in residential, commercial, and occupational pest-control settings and are generally regarded as safe because of their relatively low acute toxicity. This perception is largely based on short-term exposure data and application practices conducted under well-ventilated conditions. However, indoor pesticide application does not always occur in environments that allow for rapid residue clearance.                   In enclosed workplaces—particularly those with centralized heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning systems, limited fresh-air exchange, and dust-retaining surfaces such as wall-to-wall carpeting—pyrethroid residues may persist beyond the initial application period. These residues may accumulate in indoor dust and textiles and undergo resuspension, potentially resulting in recurrent low-level exposure. In such settings, exposure may involve not only pest-control personnel but also other workers who are not considered pesticide-exposed and are not routinely monitored.                   From an occupational health perspective, this article draws on published environmental, biomonitoring, and clinical literature to discuss how building characteristics, residue persistence, and ventilation conditions may represent overlooked contributors to indoor pyrethroid exposure. Reported findings include neurologic symptoms, endocrine alterations—particularly involving thyroid function—and mild hepatic enzyme abnormalities, although evidence remains heterogeneous and non-causal. No exposure measurements or case investigations are presented. The aim of this review is to raise awareness and encourage further research on indoor exposure dynamics and workplace evaluation of indoor pesticide use.                   The reviewed evidence indicates that indoor environments may sustain prolonged low-level exposure through reservoirs such as dust, carpets, and ventilation systems. Mechanistic data support potential multisystem involvement, while human studies suggest associations with neurological, endocrine, and hepatic changes, although findings remain variable and non-causal.
Norms of humanitarian intervention: Responsibility while Protecting (RwP) as a contestation of the Global South

As normas de intervenção humanitária adquiriram notoriedade após acontecimentos históricos de atrocidades em massa contra civis. Nesta conjuntura surgiu, em 2001, o princípio da Responsabilidade de Proteger (R2P). Seu ponto de inflexão se deu por meio da Resolução nº1973 no ano de 2011 – emanada pelo Conselho de Segurança da ONU– que redundou na intervenção na Líbia. Em resposta aos excessos e falhas ocorridos durante a implementação da resolução, o Brasil, numa iniciativa como empreendedor normativo, propôs a Responsabilidade ao Proteger (RwP). Neste sentido, visa-se identificar como se insere esta proposta normativa da RwP no vasto panorama da evolução das normas de intervenção humanitária, isto é, no meio normativo internacional. Aborda-se a RwP como exemplo de uma tentativa normativa imersa no escopo internacional das regras sobre o uso da força, ressaltando-se o seu caráter propositivo, decorrente da falta de esforço do Brasil em consolidar o conceito no âmbito das Nações Unidas. Assim, a partir de uma análise do conteúdo dos discursos envolvidos no contexto de sua criação, e considerando o grande debate sobre normas novas ou modificadas pelos países da periferia mundial, constatou-se que a RwP foi uma iniciativa normativa contestativa aplicacional do Sul Global complementar à atuação humanitária.
Federated Learning and Differential Privacy: Software tools analysis, the Sherpa.ai FL framework and methodological guidelines for preserving data privacy

The high demand of artificial intelligence services at the edges that also preserve data privacy has pushed the research on novel machine learning paradigms that fit these requirements. Federated learning has the ambition to protect data privacy through distributed learning methods that keep the data in its storage silos. Likewise, differential privacy attains to improve the protection of data privacy by measuring the privacy loss in the communication among the elements of federated learning. The prospective matching of federated learning and differential privacy to the challenges of data privacy protection has caused the release of several software tools that support their functionalities, but they lack a unified vision of these techniques, and a methodological workflow that supports their usage. Hence, we present the Sherpa.ai Federated Learning framework that is built upon a holistic view of federated learning and differential privacy. It results from both the study of how to adapt the machine learning paradigm to federated learning, and the definition of methodological guidelines for developing artificial intelligence services based on federated learning and differential privacy. We show how to follow the methodological guidelines with the Sherpa.ai Federated Learning framework by means of a classification and a regression use cases.
Error correction for reliable quantum computing

Quantum computers herald the arrival of a new era in which previously intractable computational problems will be solved efficiently. However, quantum technology is held down by decoherence, a phenomenon that is omnipresent in the quantum paradigm and that renders quantum information useless when left unchecked. The science of quantum error correction, a discipline that seeks to combine and protect quantum information from the effects of decoherence using structures known as codes, has arisen to meet this challenge. Stabilizer codes, a particular subclass of quantum codes, have enabled fast progress in the field of quantum error correction by allowing parallels to be drawn with the widely studied field of classical error correction. This has resulted in the construction of the quantum counterparts of well-known capacity-approaching classical codes like sparse codes and quantum turbo codes. However, quantum codes obtained in this manner do not entirely evoke the stupendous error correcting abilities of their classical counterparts. This occurs because classical strategies ignore important differences between the quantum and classical paradigms, an issue that needs to be addressed if quantum error correction is to succeed in its battle with decoherence. In this dissertation we study a phenomenon exclusive to the quantum paradigm, known as degeneracy, and its effects on the performance of sparse quantum codes. Furthermore, we also analyze and present methods to improve the performance of a specific family of sparse quantum codes in various different scenarios.
LEADERSHIP, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR  AS DETERMINANTS OF INNOVATION CAPABILITY IN FOOD MANUFACTURING COMPANIES

The aim of this research study was to establish the determinants of innovation capability among food manufacturing companies by determining the most suitable Structural Equation Model that accurately represented the relationship between leadership, knowledge management, organizational behavior and innovation capability based on the gathered data. This study contributes towards achieving several United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG Two – zero hunger; SDG Three – good health and well-being; and SDG Nine – build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation. Adapted standardized survey questionnaires published in scholarly journals were utilized as primary data-gathering instruments. Four hundred seven respondents from thirty-three different food manufacturing companies were selected as respondents for this study. The research style used was descriptive-correlational, and a stratified-random selection approach was used to ensure more precise results. Statistical methods, including mean, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Structural Equation Modeling, were used to examine the levels, relationships, effects, and optimal modeling. Results showed that leadership, knowledge management, organizational behavior, and innovation capability obtained a very high level of mean scores. The best-fit structural equation model results indicate a significant correlation between leadership and knowledge management towards innovation capability among food manufacturing companies. Leadership, knowledge management and organizational behavior are significantly related to innovation capability. Further, out of the three exogenous variables, leadership and knowledge management significantly influence innovation capability among food manufacturing companies in Southern Philippines. Model one is the best-fit model out of the six investigated structural models.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0771/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Strengthening Discovery and Application of Artificial Intelligence in Anesthesiology: A Report from the Anesthesia Research Council

Interest in the potential applications of artificial intelligence in medicine, anesthesiology, and the world at large has never been higher. The Anesthesia Research Council steering committee formed an anesthesiologist artificial intelligence expert workgroup charged with evaluating the current state of artificial intelligence in anesthesiology, providing examples of future artificial intelligence applications and identifying barriers to artificial intelligence progress. The workgroup’s findings are summarized here, starting with a brief introduction to artificial intelligence for clinicians, followed by overviews of current and anticipated artificial intelligence–focused research and applications in anesthesiology. Anesthesiology’s progress in artificial intelligence is compared to that of other medical specialties, and barriers to artificial intelligence development and implementation in our specialty are discussed. The workgroup’s recommendations address stakeholders in policymaking, research, development, implementation, training, and use of artificial intelligence–based tools for perioperative care.
Quantum Memory Error Correction Computation Based on Chamon Model

12 pages, 9 figures
The reception of the international environmental law by the national judge in the context of climate litigation

À l’échelle planétaire, un véritable mouvement d’émergence de poursuites climatiques voit le jour depuis l'avènement du 21e siècle. Que ce soit pour tenir responsables des entreprises polluantes ou pour enjoindre un État à agir devant les risques reliés aux changements climatiques, de plus en plus d’États sont concernés par le phénomène grandissant de poursuites climatiques. Dans le cadre de ces actions judiciaires, le juge national est bien souvent, malgré lui, forcé de quitter sa zone de confort, alors que bon nombre de ces poursuites peuvent renvoyer à des notions juridiques peu utilisées en droit interne, comme la coutume internationale et des textes internationaux, incluant des accords souples comme l’Accord de Paris. De quelle façon le juge considère-t-il ces éléments juridiques ? Quel effet pourrait avoir un éventuel Pacte mondial pour l’environnement pour le mouvement des poursuites climatiques ? Quelles sont les variations à prendre en compte lorsque une poursuite est introduite dans un État « moniste » ou dans un État « dualiste » ?
The Effect of Influence Tactics and Contingency Factors on the Adoption and Diffusion of IS/IT Innovations in Social Networks.

Despite considerable research on both adoption and diffusion of IS/IT innovations, there is a lack of coherent understanding of the processes by which innovations diffuse within social systems. This research proposes that the nature of the innovation diffusion process will depend on the characteristics of the innovation, the personal attributes of the individual, the interpersonal relationships, the composition of the social networks, and the specific influence tactics used by individuals. The empirical investigation involves a combination of three different research methods: meta-analysis, interpretive case studies, and simulation. The meta-analysis, at the organizational level, identifies the various factors (individual, dyad, social network, organization, and innovation) that affect innovation diffusion and their effect sizes. The interpretive case studies, at the social network level, help understand the interpersonal processes underlying innovation diffusion. The simulation, at the dyad level, traces how an individual’s adoption behavior may be affected by the combination of different influence tactics over time. Finally, findings from the three research methods will be synthesized to provide an overall understanding of innovation diffusion processes. This research should provide valuable insights into the ways in which IS/IT innovations diffuse within social networks, and how the diffusion processes vary depending on the nature of the IS/IT innovation, the influence tactics used by individuals within the social system, and the contingency factors relating to the dyad, network, and organization.
Use of High-Performance Computing Algorithms in Combination With Parallel Computing for Tomography

Abstract                The electron microscope is essential for resolving complex biological structures, such as mitochondria, which are too small to be viewed in detail with the light microscope. In contrast to a conventional instrument, the High-Voltage Electron Microscope (HVEM) located at the National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research (NCMIR) can obtain images from relatively thick specimens that contain substantial three-dimensional structure. Though a single image acquired with the HVEM represents a projection through the specimen, tomographic methods can be applied to a set of images acquired from different orientations to derive a three-dimensional representation of its biological structure. Tomography requires extensive computation and considerable processing time on conventional workstations in order to reconstruct the typically large HVEM volumes from the tilt series.                In order to expedite tomographic processing, we have implemented both the commonly used singleaxis tilt, R-weighted backprojection algorithm and two iterative reconstruction methods, algebraic reconstruction (ART) and simultaneous iterative reconstruction (SIRT) on the massively parallel Intel Paragon at the San Diego Supercompter Center.
Genetics and insurance in the United Kingdom 1995–2010: the rise and fall of “scientific” discrimination

Around the millennium there was extensive debate in the United Kingdom of the possible use of predictive genetic tests by insurance companies. Many insurance experts, geneticists and public policymakers appeared to believe that genetic test results would soon become widely used by the insurance industry. This expectation has not been borne out. This article outlines the history of exaggerated perceptions of the significance of genetic test results to insurance, with particular reference to the United Kingdom, suggesting reasons why they arose and also why they have declined. The article concludes with some speculation about how policy on genetics and insurance might develop in future.
Clinical and Quantitative Pharmacology Considerations of                     <scp>mRNA</scp>                     Therapeutics and Vaccine Development: Bridging Translational and Platform Gaps for Enhanced Decision Making

Messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has emerged as a transformative modality in modern therapeutics and vaccine development, offering a versatile platform for targeted protein expression. This manuscript proposes a clinical and quantitative pharmacology framework to facilitate the development of mRNA therapies from preclinical research to clinical development. We discuss the unique pharmacological and ADME properties of mRNA and its lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery system, along with key bioanalytical and regulatory considerations. Specific clinical pharmacology strategies and quantitative approaches are illustrated through real‐world examples in oncology, rare metabolic diseases, and vaccines. Finally, we propose a forward‐looking clinical and quantitative pharmacology framework that integrates translational modeling, population modeling, physiological‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK), quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP), and Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML)‐assisted predictive modeling. This integrated approach aims to build platform knowledge of mRNA‐based therapies and inform decision making across the drug discovery and development lifecycle in an evolving regulatory landscape.
EFFECT OF PROPOSED PROGRAM OF PATIENT SAFETY ON NURSE’S KNOWLEDGE AND QUALITY OF CARE AT KOSTI AND RABAK TEACHING HOSPITALS-SUDAN

Background: The profession of Nursing has been at the forefront of patient safety taking special attention to the training and education of its workforce. Internationally, the International Council of Nurses (ICN) has been tackling this issue with force since it established that Patient safety is fundamental to quality health and nursing care Aim: To study the impact of a design propose program   for nurses about patient safety and evaluate the impact of it on nurses knowledge. Methodology: This was quiz experimental study, one hundred eight nurses were included as all the entire population meeting the inclusion criteria taken as a sample, using census to achieve a desirable level of precision, the data was collected in four phases using a self-administered questionnaire, phase one include an orientation about the training program. Phase two (pretest data), in which the questionnaire was distributed for nurses and each one was allowed sufficient time to fill it. After collection of pretest data the nurses were received the training program, the training was continued for four months. Phase three: A posttest was obtained from the participants at the end of the program, the same self-administrative questionnaire. Follow up phase include the same process in phase three after one, two and three months to make sure of the consistency. The data was analyzed by (SPSS) program with (P. value, mean, standard deviation, T. test and chi squire test). Results: The present study revealed that the nurse’s knowledge were improved affected by the proposed training program. The mean of  nurse’s knowledge regarding maintain  patient safety was  improved  ,in pre intervention ( 3.77 +/- Std 1.24 ) to be ( 4.44 +/- Std 0.60 )  in posttest I which get better to ( 4.93 +/- Std 0.283 )  in posttest II , and it was ( 4.13 +/- Std 0.613 )  in posttest III,  there was highly statistically significant association between the nurses knowledge and application of training program (p=0.000). Recommendations: Great emphasis should be directed towards the educational aspects on patient safety by providing educational posters, guidelines, pamphlets, manual and modern educational facilities, collaboration should be encourage between institutions and federal ministry of health to formalize a protocol of patient safety.
Escape from Mitotic Arrest: An Unexpected Connection Between Microtubule Dynamics and Epigenetic Regulation of Centromeric Chromatin in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i>

Abstract                Accurate chromosome segregation is necessary to ensure genomic integrity. Segregation depends on the proper functioning of the centromere, kinetochore, and mitotic spindle microtubules and is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, defects in Dis1, a microtubule-associated protein that influences microtubule dynamics, lead to mitotic arrest as a result of an active SAC and consequent failure to grow at low temperature. In a mutant dis1 background (dis1-288), loss of function of Msc1, a fission yeast homolog of the KDM5 family of proteins, suppresses the growth defect and promotes normal mitosis. Genetic analysis implicates a histone deacetylase (HDAC)–linked pathway in suppression because HDAC mutants clr6-1, clr3∆, and sir2∆, though not hos2∆, also promote normal mitosis in the dis1-288 mutant. Suppression of the dis phenotype through loss of msc1 function requires the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 and is limited by the presence of the heterochromatin-associated HP1 protein homolog Swi6. We speculate that alterations in histone acetylation promote a centromeric chromatin environment that compensates for compromised dis1 function by allowing for successful kinetochore-microtubule interactions that can satisfy the SAC. In cells arrested in mitosis by mutation of dis1, loss of function of epigenetic determinants such as Msc1 or specific HDACs can promote cell survival. Because the KDM5 family of proteins has been implicated in human cancers, an appreciation of the potential role of this family of proteins in chromosome segregation is warranted.
Computational Chemogenomics Drug Repositioning Strategy Enables the Discovery of Epirubicin as a New Repurposed Hit for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax

Widespread resistance against antimalarial drugs thwarts current efforts for controlling the disease and urges the discovery of new effective treatments. Drug repositioning is increasingly becoming an attractive strategy since it can reduce costs, risks, and time-to-market. Herein, we have used this strategy to identify novel antimalarial hits. We used a comparative             in silico             chemogenomics approach to select             Plasmodium falciparum             and             Plasmodium vivax             proteins as potential drug targets and analyzed them using a computer-assisted drug repositioning pipeline to identify approved drugs with potential antimalarial activity.