ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Constructing social responsibility through corporate sustainability reporting

This paper aims to provide a tentative description of how social responsibility is discursively constructed in the genre of corporate sustainability reports, as illustrated by Comalco's Sustainable Development Report 2004. Far from being value-free conveyors of objective information, such reports rhetorically construct companies' conceptions of their responsibilities to society. We analyse the Comalco report at both lexicogrammatical and discursive levels. Examining relational, mental, and material processes, we find that the report positions Comalco as a socially responsible corporate citizen, while only partially validating this claim in terms of actual achievement. We also find that the report draws predominantly from traditional technical-business discourses, but that these are juxtaposed alongside sustainability-ethics discourses. Thus, the report exemplifies interdiscursivity that is still in a state of ongoing contestation. While it appears to portray apparently antithetical discourses as complementary, there is little space for dialogic negotiation, ensuring that functionalist discourses supporting an enlightened self-interest ethical perspective predominate.
Fault Tree Analysis of Accidental Insider Security Events

Insider threats have been categorized as unintentional and malicious. The frameworks and models which are used to detect malicious behavior of employees would likely fail to detect unintentional insider as there is no malicious intent. This paper accentuates the limitation of MERIT (Management and Education of Risks of Insider Threat) in its scope for accidental insider threats and proposes Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) of the security events caused by accidental insiders. We perform FTA on two cases involving accidental insiders which help understand human side behind the user errors. The first case involves data loss via outbound email due to employee error while the second case involves accidental disclosure of sensitive information by insiders. The countermeasures are thus better interpreted and communicated as the causes of a threat are well understood which is essential for human fault avoidance.
A User-oriented Comparison of the Techniques for 3D Spectroscopy

A comparison of the most popular techniques for 3D spectroscopy is presented in a way which should hopefully be useful for astronomers intending to use these techniques. Integral field spectroscopy, slitless spectroscopy, tunable imaging filters, imaging Fourier transform spectroscopy, and energy-resolving detectors are included in their different implementation. Their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed in view of the possible scientific application.
Supplementary Table 14 from Sample Size Estimations Based on Human Microbiome Temporal Stability Over 6 Months: A Shallow Shotgun Metagenome Sequencing Analysis

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 14. Number of cases (assuming 1:3 matched case-control study) required to detect an association at a significance level of 0.001 with 80% power, based on 1, 2, or 3 fecal specimens per subject and median intraclass correlation coefficients estimated from fecal samples collected at 6-months interval. Odds ratio for the top 25% proportion of genes or pathways versus the bottom 25% in each prevalence category (i.e., 5%-10%, 10%-25%, 25%-50%, 50%-75%, &gt;75%).&lt;/p&gt;
Revolutionizing Periodontal Care: The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis

This review evaluates the application of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly neural networks, in diagnosing and staging periodontal diseases through radiographic analysis. Using a systematic review of 22 studies published between 2017 and 2024, it examines various AI models, including convolutional neural networks (CNNs), hybrid networks, generative adversarial networks (GANs), and transformer networks. The studies analyzed diverse datasets from panoramic, periapical, and hybrid imaging techniques, assessing diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and interpretability. CNN models like Deetal-Perio and YOLOv5 achieved high accuracy in detecting alveolar bone loss (ABL), with F1 scores up to 0.894. Hybrid networks demonstrate strength in handling complex cases, such as molars and vertical bone loss. Despite these advancements, challenges persist, including reduced performance in severe cases, limited datasets for vertical bone loss, and the need for 3D imaging integration. AI-driven tools offer transformative potential in periodontology by rivaling clinician performance, improving diagnostic consistency, and streamlining workflows. Addressing current limitations with large, diverse datasets and advanced imaging techniques will further optimize their clinical utility. AI stands poised to revolutionize periodontal care, enabling early diagnosis, personalized treatment planning, and better patient outcomes.
Near-term quantum computing techniques: Variational quantum algorithms, error mitigation, circuit compilation, benchmarking and classical simulation

Please feel free to email He-Liang Huang with any comments, questions, suggestions or concerns
Manipulation of a robotic endoscope holder with encephalographic signals in a surgical simulator

This paper shows the implementation of a manipulation method based on encephalographic signals for the movement of a robotic endoscope holder in a surgical simulator. This simulator consists of three robots, one endoscope holder robot (Hibou robot) and two surgical robots (Lapbot and PA10 robot). The simulation allows performing a cholecystectomy operation, where the removal of a gallbladder is performed using surgical robots while the endoscope holder robot transmits images from inside the patient's abdomen. For the manipulation of the endoscope holder robot in order to focus on different parts of the abdomen, a joystick device is used, but also a natural interface, which allows the user, after training, to move the camera inside the patient's abdomen by means of his thoughts. Tests performed with several users show promising results regarding the manipulation of objects by thought training, and in particular the manipulation of the endoscope camera in laparoscopy operations, which would allow a better management of the whole operation by the surgeon.
<scp>CEO</scp>                     career horizons, foreign experience, and state ownership impact on the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative standards for corporate social responsibility reporting

Abstract                   This study investigates the influence of chief executive officers' (CEOs) career horizon on the adoption of Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. Using data from A‐share Chinese listed firms on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2010 to 2020, we employ logistic regression analysis to examine the empirical relationship. Our findings indicate that companies led by CEOs with shorter career horizons (older CEOs) are less inclined to adopt GRI reporting standards for CSR reporting. This association is particularly pronounced in non‐state‐owned enterprises compared to state‐owned enterprises. Additionally, we observe a weaker relationship between CEO career horizon and GRI adoption when the CEO possesses foreign experience. These results remain robust across various measures of CEO career horizons and econometric methodologies as well. The implications of our findings are significant for understanding the development and implementation of GRI standards for CSR reporting, particularly within the context of China.
A Corpus-based Study of Corporate Image in the Translation of Corporate Social Responsibility Reports of Chinese Pharmaceutical Companies: A Case Study of Fosun Pharma Group

Abstract The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 turned out to be an opportunity for Chinese pharmaceutical companies to go overseas. A sound corporate image, as presented by a corporate social responsibility (CSR) report, is a must. Therefore, companies must pay attention to the  quality of translations of CSR reports. This study analyses the 2017–2020 CSR reports of Fosun Pharma Group, a top Chinese pharmaceutical company, from the text perspective and that of social practice, based on a self-built corpus. The 2017–2020 CSR reports of Johnson &amp; Johnson  are used as parallel texts. The text analysis examines the high-frequency nouns and verbs, first-person pronouns and modal verbs, and finds that Fosun Pharma enjoys the image of a company that focuses on progress, is positive, pragmatic, attaches importance to corporate management, and is  rigorous and objective. Viewed from the perspective of social practices, the difference in corporate image between the two companies is influenced by power distance, as they are at different stages of development, and given the limitations associated with the use of English as a second language.  The research results have implications for the development of English translations of CSR reports of pharmaceutical companies in China and the dissemination of an overseas corporate image.
Molecular characterization of Enterobacterales producing extended-spectrum beta- lactamases and carbapenemases isolated from the 3 compartments (Humans, animals and environment) in a “One Health” approach

La résistance aux antibiotiques (AMR) et plus particulièrement les Entérobactéries productrices de carbapénèmases (EPC) ne cessant d'augmenter à l'échelle planétaire, constitue une menace pour la santé publique mondiale avec des infections bactériennes qui sont de plus en plus difficiles à traiter. Les EPCs, identifiées dans tous les compartiments, humains, animaux et environnementaux, nécessitent une approche globale dite ‘One health' pour pouvoir les combattre efficacement. Le Liban, pays à faible revenus et devant faire face à sa pire crise économique impactant sérieusement son système de santé, doit également prendre en charge de nombreux réfugiés venant des pays voisins. Ainsi les données épidémiologiques et moléculaires de la résistance aux antibiotiques au Liban chez l'homme, les animaux et dans le secteur alimentaire ne sont que parcellaires. L'objectif de cette thèse est de mieux comprendre l'épidémiologie des EPC et les voies de disséminations des bactéries et des gènes de résistance entre les différents compartiments au Liban. Une première étude, menées sur des isolats cliniques a révélé une dissémination principalement de E. coli résistantes aux carbapénèmes, suggérant une dissémination communautaire importante. Les carbapénèmases identifiées appartenaient majoritairement à la classe B et D et une prévalence élevée des souches d'E.coli productrice de blaNDM-5 a été signalée. De même, une localisation plasmidique de 2 metallo b- lactamases chez une même souche d'Enterobacter a été mise en évidence. Ensuite une deuxième étude a été menée au sein des camps des réfugiés syriens afin d'étudier la prévalence des gènes de résistance et la structure de la population des isolats résistants aux carbapénèmes chez cette population. Les résultats de cette étude signalent une situation alarmante au sein des camps des réfugiés syriens où nous avons détecté des souches multirésistantes au sein des camps (réfugiés et leur environnement ainsi que chez les animaux élevés dans les camps) et dans une rivière au bord de ces camps. De plus, nous avons mené une troisième étude sur des isolats vétérinaires pour explorer la présence et le portage des déterminants de la résistance aux antibiotiques. Ainsi, nous avons décrit pour la première fois la présence du gène blaNDM-5 chez les animaux de compagnon. Nos résultats ont révélé une dissémination des gènes de résistances aux carbapénèmes chez les entérobactéries isolées à l'hopital mais aussi chez les animaux, suggérant que ces derniers puissent être des réservoirs de bactéries multirésistantes. Ces résultats sont alarmants et soulignent la nécessité urgente de réévaluer la gestion efficace des antimicrobiens afin de limiter l'émergence de la résistance aux antibiotiques au Liban.
Comparative Analysis of Metagenomics and Metataxonomics for the Characterization of Vermicompost Microbiomes

The study of microbial communities or microbiotas in animals and environments is important because of their impact in a broad range of industrial applications, diseases and ecological roles. High throughput sequencing (HTS) is the best strategy to characterize microbial composition and function. Microbial profiles can be obtained either by shotgun sequencing of genomes, or through amplicon sequencing of target genes (e.g., 16S rRNA for bacteria and ITS for fungi). Here, we compared both HTS approaches at assessing taxonomic and functional diversity of bacterial and fungal communities during vermicomposting of white grape marc. We applied specific HTS workflows to the same 12 microcosms, with and without earthworms, sampled at two distinct phases of the vermicomposting process occurring at 21 and 63 days. Metataxonomic profiles were inferred in DADA2, with bacterial metabolic pathways predicted via PICRUSt2. Metagenomic taxonomic profiles were inferred in PathoScope, while bacterial functional profiles were inferred in Humann2. Microbial profiles inferred by metagenomics and metataxonomics showed similarities and differences in composition, structure, and metabolic function at different taxonomic levels. Microbial composition and abundance estimated by both HTS approaches agreed reasonably well at the phylum level, but larger discrepancies were observed at lower taxonomic ranks. Shotgun HTS identified ~1.8 times more bacterial genera than 16S rRNA HTS, while ITS HTS identified two times more fungal genera than shotgun HTS. This is mainly a consequence of the difference in resolution and reference richness between amplicon and genome sequencing approaches and databases, respectively. Our study also revealed great differences and even opposite trends in alpha- and beta-diversity between amplicon and shotgun HTS. Interestingly, amplicon PICRUSt2-imputed functional repertoires overlapped ~50% with shotgun Humann2 profiles. Finally, both approaches indicated that although bacteria and fungi are the main drivers of biochemical decomposition, earthworms also play a key role in plant vermicomposting. In summary, our study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of metagenomics and metataxonomics and provides new insights on the vermicomposting of white grape marc. Since both approaches may target different biological aspects of the communities, combining them will provide a better understanding of the microbiotas under study.
Strengthening the Charter’s Role in the Fight for the Rule of Law in the EU: The Cases of Judicial Independence and Party Financing

This article discusses how the application the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights contributes to the fight for the rule of law in the EU. After outlining the connections between the two it focuses on two examples of how the Charter could and should play a more significant role in upholding the rule of law. As to Member State-level rule of law breakdowns, we demonstrate that the Charter has either been missing in the shadow of Article 19(1) of the Treaty on European Union or threatened to undermine the fight for the rule of law when the principle of judicial independence was reduced to Article 47 Charter standing alone. As to supranational level rule of law issues, where the Charter’s applicability under Article 51 CFR is uncontroversial, we show that it has nonetheless so far been applied to a problematically limited extent. This is particularly clear with regard to party-financing at EU-level. This file offers a case in point to show how taking the Charter seriously could make a significant difference in protecting the rule of law in the EU. Article 7 TEU, Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, judicial independence, party financing, rule of law
Approaching Resilience for Climate Change Adaptation in Complex Milieus: The Case of Vulnerable Neighborhoods in Cartagena de Indias

Tackling related climate change impacts and extreme weather events in urban areas located in developing countries is increasingly becoming a challenge for several stakeholders.  Responses to such impacts are being framed and addressed by strategies and policies under the climate change adaptation and mitigation frameworks.  However, approaching resilience and adaptive capacities are ever more in need in complex neighborhoods, especially when these are facing climate impacts such as flooding. Framing social dimensions into that adaptive capacity in complex urban systems characterized by poverty, exclusion and the poor public services access makes harder their living standards.  Thereby, frameworks taking into account social elements and key indicators of inclusiveness, contribute to the understanding of the social fabrics based on the living conditions of disadvantaged localities.  This special issue explores resilience in the wake of climate-related events such as flooding in neighborhoods with striking social, economic and environmental conditions. Studying the case of the flood-suffering neighborhood of Fredonia in Cartagena, Colombia, will shed light on this particular issue by providing relevant evidence that the levels of climate impacts and hazards occurring in vulnerable urban areas in developing countries, rely on particular social traits that ultimately undermine adaptation efforts for resilience, hence becoming a social problem.      Keywords: Climate Change Adaptation; Climate Events; Resilience; Urban Complexities; Urban Inclusiveness; Vulnerable Neighborhoods.
Evolution of wireless sensor networks towards the Internet of Things: A survey.

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are playing more and more a key role in several application scenarios such as healthcare, agriculture, environment monitoring, and smart metering. Furthermore, WSNs are characterized by high heterogeneity because there are many different proprietary and non-proprietary solutions. This wide range of technologies has delayed new deployments and integration with existing sensor networks. The current trend, however, is to move away from proprietary and closed standards, to embrace IP-based sensor networks using the emerging standard 6LoWPAN/IPv6. This allows native connectivity between WSN and Internet, enabling smart objects to participate to the Internet of Things (IoT). Building an all-IP infrastructure from scratch, however, would be difficult because many different sensors and actuators technologies (both wired and wireless) have already been deployed over the years. After a review of the state of the art, this paper sketches a framework able to harmonize legacy and new installations, allowing migrating to an all-IP environment at a later stage. The Building Automation use case has been chosen to discuss potential benefits of the proposed framework.
Reframing Peace Rethinking Approaches to Conflict Resolution and Peace building

Reframing Peace Rethinking Approaches to Conflict Resolution and Peace building
Frankfurt School’s Critical Theory and a Critique of Video Games as Popular Culture Products

Frankfurt School’s critical theory provides a framework to study mass media. In Dialectic of Enlightenment, Adorno and Horkheimer, two of the most prominent theorists of the School, coined the term “culture industry” to discuss the state of the entertainment sector. However, the critical theorists of the Frankfurt School were either dead or they simply did not analyze the case of video games when the medium became an important agent both in social and economic terms. The main argument of this paper is that, as an inseparable part of the entertainment sector of today’s capitalist societies, video games are eligible for an analysis as products of the culture industry. It is argued in the study that the fantasy worlds of video games divert people’s attention away from the problems of capitalist societies. Further, the commodities are claimed to be getting increasingly standardized and are aimed at providing easy pleasures to consumers. Besides, a discussion of video games is carried out in accordance with the view that the video games of today seem to cater more to casual gamers than “serious” gamers, transpiring a dichotomy akin to that of high culture versus low culture.
A2PC: Augmented Advantage Pointer-Critic Model for Low Latency on Mobile IoT With Edge Computing

As a growing trend, edge computing infrastructures are starting to be integrated with Internet of Things (IoT) systems to facilitate time-critical applications. These systems often require the processing of data with limited usefulness in time, so the edge becomes vital in the development of such reactive IoT applications with real-time requirements. Although different architectural designs will always have advantages and disadvantages, mobile gateways appear to be particularly relevant in enabling this integration with the edge, particularly in the context of wide area networks with occasional data generation. In these scenarios, mobility planning is necessary, as aspects of the technology need to be aligned with the temporal needs of an application. The nature of this planning problem makes cutting-edge deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques useful in solving pertinent issues, such as having to deal with multiple dimensions in the action space while aiming for optimum levels of system performance. This article presents a novel scalable DRL model that incorporates a pointer-network (Ptr-Net) and an actor-critic algorithm to handle complex action spaces. The model synchronously determines the gateway location and visit time. Ultimately, the gateways are able to attain high-quality trajectory planning with reduced latency.
The Chemistry of Protoplanetary Disks in Planet Formation: A Comprehensive Review

Protoplanetary disks are some of the most chemically rich and physically dynamic systems in the universe. Formed by the gravitational collapse of molecular clouds, these vast disks of gas and dust are where the raw ingredients of planets — and perhaps life — are assembled. This review surveys the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks, covering temperature gradients, disk geometry, and radiation environments that together determine where and how planets are born. We then trace the astrochemical processes occurring within these disks: how molecules form, freeze, and react across different disk zones, and how snow lines for water, carbon monoxide, and methane shape the chemical makeup of forming planets. We highlight recent findings from ALMA and the James Webb Space Telescope, which have detected complex organic molecules in systems like PDS 70 — results that challenge classical astrochemical models. By examining the capabilities and gaps in models such as UCLCHEM, NAUTILUS, and DALI, we identify where current theory struggles to explain observations, particularly in the hot, turbulent inner disk. The review concludes by framing future directions in modelling, observation, and laboratory experiments as essential steps toward understanding not just planet formation, but the conditions that make habitable worlds possible. Prepared as part of an astrophysics internship programme (Edufabrica, IIT Guwahati context, 2024–25).