ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
To adopt, to adapt, or to contextualise? The big question in clinical practice guideline development

Developing new clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be time-consuming and expensive. A more efficient approach could be to adopt, adapt or contextualise recommendations from existing good quality CPGs so that the resultant guidance is tailored to the local context.The first steps are to search for international CPGs that have a similar purpose, end-users and patients to your situation. The second step is to critically appraise the methodological quality of the CPGs to ensure that your guidance is based on credible evidence. Then the decisions begin. Can you simply 'adopt' this (parent) clinical practice guidelines, and implement the recommendations in their entirety, without any changes, in your setting? If so, then no further work is required. However this situation is rare. What is more likely, is that even if recommendations from the parent clinical practice guidelines can be adopted, how they are implemented needs to address local issues. Thus you may need to 'contextualise' the guidance, by addressing implementation issues such as local workforce, training, health systems, equipment and/or access to services. Generally this means that additional information is required (Practice/Context Points) to support effective implementation of the clinical practice guidelines recommendations. In some cases, you may need to 'adapt' the guidance, where you will make changes to the recommendations so that care is relevant to your local environments. This may involve additional work to search for local research, or obtain local consensus, regarding how best to adapt recommendations. For example, adaptation might reflect substituting one drug for another (drugs have similar effects, but the alternative drug to the recommended one may be cheaper, more easily obtained or more culturally acceptable). There is lack of standardisation of clinical practice guidelines terminology, leading clinical practice guideline activities often being poorly conceptualised or reported. We provide an approach that would help improve efficiency and standardisation of clinical practice guidelines activities.
Petrology, major and trace element geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic composition of granitic intrusions from the vicinity of the Bosumtwi impact crater, Ghana

Abstract   The Bosumtwi crater is 10.5 km in diameter, 1.07 Ma old, well preserved impact structure located in Ghana (centered at 06°30′N, 01°25′W). It was excavated in rocks of the Early Proterozoic Birimian Supergroup, part of the West African craton. Here, we present a full and detailed characterization of the three granitoid complexes and one mafic dike in the vicinity of the Bosumtwi crater in terms of petrology, major and trace element geochemistry, geochronology, and isotopic composition. This allows us to characterize magmatic evolution of the West African Craton in this area and better understand the geological framework and target rocks of the impact.  This study shows that the similar composition (strongly peraluminous muscovite granites and granodiorites) and age (between 2092 ± 6 Ma and 2098 ± 6 Ma) of all granitic intrusions in the proximity of the Bosumtwi crater suggest that they are co-genetic. Granitoids were probably formed as a result of anatexis of TTGs (or rocks derived from them) at relatively low pressure and temperature. We propose that the intrusions from the Bosumtwi area are genetically related to the Banso granite occurring to the east of the crater and can be classified as basin-type, late-stage granitoids. Also a mafic dike located to the NE of the Bosumtwi crater seems to be genetically related to those felsic intrusions. Based on those findings a revised version of the geological map of the Bosumtwi crater area is proposed.
Structure of the Heliospheric Magnetic Field and Galactic Cosmic Ray Modulation

The effect the three-component heliospheric magnetic field has on the modulation of galactic cosmic rays is considered. Radial and longitudinal components of the model are associated by the familiar Parker ratio. The latitudinal component is proportional to the radial one and emerges if the dependence of the latter deviates from the law of inverse squares. The model is tested using the problem of galactic proton modulation.
Model-Free Control of UCG Based on Continual Optimization of Operating Variables: An Experimental Study

The underground coal gasification (UCG) represents an effective coal mining technology, where coal is transformed into syngas underground. Extracted syngas is cleaned and processed for energy production. Various gasification agents can be injected into an underground georeactor, e.g., air, technical oxygen, or water steam, to ensure necessary temperature and produce syngas with the highest possible calorific value. This paper presents an experimental study where dynamic optimization of operating variables maximizes syngas calorific value during gasification. Several experiments performed on an ex situ reactor show that the optimization algorithm increased syngas calorific value. Three operation variables, i.e., airflow, oxygen flow, and syngas exhaust, were continually optimized by an algorithm of gradient method. By optimizing the manipulation variables, the calorific value of the syngas was increased by 5 MJ/m3, both in gasification with air and additional oxygen. Furthermore, a higher average calorific value of 4.8–5.1 MJ/m3 was achieved using supplementary oxygen. The paper describes the proposed ex situ reactor, the mathematical background of the optimization task, and results obtained during optimal control of coal gasification.
‘Our old pastor thinks the mobile phone is a source of evil.’ Capturing contested and conflicting insights on digital wellbeing and digital detoxing in an age of rapid mobile connectivity

While Africa has largely been considered a digitally-disconnected country, recent studies have shown that connectivity figures are on a rise. In this paper, we theorize digital wellbeing in a context characterized by a fast-growing number of mobile data users despite a historically low Internet penetration. It is focused on an ongoing ethnographic research on mobile users and digital inequalities in Africa, zooming in on results from an explorative study featuring 10 in-depth interviews with young adult heavy users (more than 4–5 hours a day) and seeking to understand strategies they use in attaining digital wellbeing. The findings show how the sampled young adults (18–30 years old) struggle with the daily realities of digital participation including addiction and generational conflict in technology use. Results also reveal ways through which electronic connectivity is perceived both be a tool of freedom as well as a subtle form of potential digital enslavering.
Assessing India's Millet Promotion Policies: Schemes and Initiatives of the Government of India to Promote Millets for Food and Nutritional Security through a Systematic Approach

&lt;p class="pf0"&gt;&lt;span class="cf0"&gt;Millets are gaining popularity in the current fast-food culture due to their unique characteristics, such as being gluten-free. In the Indian context, millets are primarily classified into major, small, and minor millets. Major millets consist of sorghum, pearl, and finger millet. Minor millets, comprised of foxtail millet, little millet, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cf0"&gt;Kodo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cf0"&gt; millet, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cf0"&gt;Proso&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class="cf0"&gt; millet, and Barnyard millet, have been on the verge of extensive research and exploration. Millets are primarily recognized as climate-resilient crops due to their ability to withstand extreme weather events with minimal irrigation, making them a crucial component in climate-smart agriculture and ensuring food security and sustainability. Their ability to withstand extreme environmental events is the main reason for their resilience. To popularize the importance of millets as a key player in meeting the world’s food security needs, the FAO has declared 2023 the ‘International Year of Millets’. This aims to enhance the popularity of millets as a crucial part of our balanced diet, thereby attaining food security and a longer life for humanity worldwide. This initiative mainly concentrates on sustainable agroecological practices for preserving biodiversity. This paper discusses the important initiatives and schemes by the government of India to promote millets for food security and sustainable agriculture.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Exploring microbial ecology in public swimming pools: a metagenomic investigation of community structure and environmental correlates

Abstract                                        Epidemiological studies have identified correlations between swimming and outbreaks of various infectious diseases. However, a comprehensive understanding of the pathogens present in public swimming pool water has yet to be systematically established. Swimming pool water samples were collected from 20 indoor public swimming pools in Shanghai, China during the summer of 2023. After quality inspection of the extracted nucleic acid, the qualified samples were subjected to metagenomic sequencing to profile the microbial communities of swimming pool water. A total of 24,035 microbial species were identified with the abundance of bacteria (99.46%), followed by archaea (0.29%), viruses (0.20%), and fungi (0.05%), including 441 pathogenic species, 23 of which were classified as biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) microorganisms. Environmental sources constituted the dominant origin (86.00%) of the pool water microbiome. Additionally, suburban pools demonstrated greater microbial diversity than urban pools (                     P                      &lt; 0.05). The abundance of viruses exhibited a positive correlation with the concentration of urea in pool water (                     r                      = 0.31,                     P                      &lt; 0.05). This study demonstrated that swimming pool water serves as a potent reservoir and mixing vessel for various highly pathogenic microorganisms. Effective water quality management strategies are essential to mitigating the potential public health threats of public swimming pools.
Status of Serverless Computing and Function-as-a-Service(FaaS) in Industry and Research

Technical Report
Beware of the difference between randomized controlled trials and daily clinical practice (in reply to “Surgery or antibiotics for acute appendicitis? Take care about study’s design and methodology!”, by Ceresoli M, et al.)

No abstract.
The Influence of Inclusive Leadership and Knowledge-Sharing Behavior on Organizational Citizenship Behavior Which Is Mediated by Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement in The Pidie District Financial Management Agency

This study aims to investigate the influence of inclusive leadership and knowledge-sharing behavior on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), mediated by job satisfaction and job involvement at the Financial Management Agency of Pidie District. The data were collected through questionnaires distributed to employees, and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test the indicators of the variables. The results reveal that Inclusive leadership and Knowledge sharing behavior affected Job Satisfaction, Work Engagement, and OCB; Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement affected OCB; and Inclusive leadership and Knowledge sharing behavior affected OCB through Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement. These findings prove that Job Satisfaction and Work Engagement are 2 variables that function as partial mediators in the model. So, these things explain that the model for increasing OCB at the Pidie District Financial Management Agency is a function of strengthening inclusive leadership, strengthening knowledge-sharing behavior, increasing job satisfaction, and increasing employee work engagement. This conclusion can be stated as a premise that is the basis for developing theory through further research.
Model-informed drug development for antimicrobials: translational pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modelling of apramycin to facilitate prediction of efficacious dose in complicated urinary tract infections

Abstract                                   Objectives                   The use of mouse models of complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) has usually been limited to a single timepoint assessment of bacterial burden. Based on longitudinal in vitro and in vivo data, we developed a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) model to assess the efficacy of apramycin, a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic, in mouse models of cUTI.                                                   Methods                   Two Escherichia coli strains were studied (EN591 and ATCC 700336). Apramycin exposure–effect relationships were established with in vitro time–kill data at pH 6 and pH 7.4 and in mice with cUTI. Immunocompetent mice were treated with apramycin (1.5–30 mg/kg) starting 24 h post-infection. Kidney and bladder tissue were collected 6–96 h post-infection for cfu determination. A PKPD model integrating all data was developed and simulations were performed to predict bacterial burden in humans.                                                   Results                   Treatment with apramycin reduced the bacterial load in kidneys and bladder tissue up to 4.3-log compared with vehicle control. In vitro and in vivo tissue time-course efficacy data were integrated into the PKPD model, showing 76%–98% reduction of bacterial net growth and 3- to 145-fold increase in apramycin potency in vivo compared with in vitro. Simulations suggested that an 11 mg/kg daily dose would be sufficient to achieve bacterial stasis in kidneys and bladder in humans.                                                   Conclusions                   PKPD modelling with in vitro and in vivo PK and PD data enabled simultaneous evaluation of the different components that influence drug effect, an approach that had not yet been evaluated for antibiotics in the cUTI model and that has potential to enhance model-informed drug development of antibiotics.
Health Guardian: Using Multi-modal Data to Understand Individual Health

Artificial intelligence (AI) has shown great promise in revolutionizing the field of digital health by improving disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This paper describes the Health Guardian platform, a non-commercial, scientific research-based platform developed by the IBM Digital Health team to rapidly translate AI research into cloud-based microservices. The platform can collect health-related data from various digital devices, including wearables and mobile applications. Its flexible architecture supports microservices that accept diverse data types such as text, audio, and video, expanding the range of digital health assessments and enabling holistic health evaluations by capturing voice, facial, and motion bio-signals. These microservices can be deployed to a clinical cohort specified through the Clinical Task Manager (CTM). The CTM then collects multi-modal, clinical data that can iteratively improve the accuracy of AI predictive models, discover new disease mechanisms, or identify novel biomarkers. This paper highlights three microservices with different input data types, including a text-based microservice for depression assessment, a video-based microservice for sit-to-stand mobility assessment, and a wearable-based microservice for functional mobility assessment. The CTM is also discussed as a tool to help design and set up clinical studies to unlock the full potential of the platform. Today, the Health Guardian platform is being leveraged in collaboration with research partners to optimize the development of AI models by utilizing a multitude of input sources. This approach streamlines research efforts, enhances efficiency, and facilitates the development and validation of digital health applications.
Facial emotion recognition in the Deep Learning era: A comparative review of models, datasets, and benchmarks

One of the most powerful ways people convey their emotions without using words is through facial expressions, which naturally reflect inner feelings and allow others to understand emotional states instantly and intuitively. While recognizing these expressions is intuitive for humans, replicating this ability in machines remains a complex challenge. Facial Emotion Recognition (FER) systems are equipped with sophisticated capabilities as a result of contemporary improvements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly in deep learning (DL) and computer vision. This review offers a comparative examination of FER models, covering conventional machine learning (ML) methods, DL frameworks, and hybrid techniques that combine spatial and temporal features. We analyze and summarize the characteristics of widely used datasets such as CK+ and JAFFE, and evaluate their influence on model performance. Additionally, we provide a structured comparison of publicly reported benchmark results, highlighting how different methods perform across datasets. Our findings show that the highest accuracies achieved by traditional machine learning, deep learning, and hybrid techniques are 98.62%, nearly 100%, and 99.7%, respectively. By consolidating technical insights, dataset evaluations, and performance trends, this study aims to guide future research in FER and support its real-world application in domains such as surveillance, human computer interaction (HCI), and healthcare.
The Influence of Health Insurance Coverage on Healthcare Access, Catastrophic Health Expenditure, and Treatment Adherence among Jamaican Households: Evidence from the Jamaica Survey of Living Conditions

Universal health coverage (UHC) emphasises equitable access to essential health services without financial hardship and remains central to global health policy frameworks. Health insurance coverage is widely regarded as a principal mechanism for advancing financial risk protection and improving healthcare utilisation in middleincome settings. In Jamaica, limited nationally representative evidence exists assessing the independent association between insurance status and household-level health outcomes using consumption-based measures.
Conclusion: the Contribution of the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities to the Development of Minority Rights

Abstract                This concluding chapter examines the general position of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (FCNM) within the area of minority rights. First, the substance of the Convention is located within the field. Then, its reach is considered. Finally, a few words are said about the legal character of the Convention and about the implementation process. It is argued that true strength of the Convention lies in adding substance to the principle of promotion as it relates to minority identity. It transforms the soft law of the UN Declaration into hard law in relation to the Council of Europe area, while at the same time adding substantively to the obligations contained in the Declaration. Moreover, the advancing practice of the Advisory Committee very significantly clarifies and expands the substantive obligations established in relation to identity.
The role of visual symmetry between contemporary art and AI-generated methods in promoting sustainable visual culture.

يتناول البحث الحالي دور التّشاكل البصريّ بين الفنّ المعاصر والأساليب الّتي يولدها الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ في تعزيز الثّقافة البصريّة المستدامة، إذ يجسد التّشاكل الصّوريّ ذلك التّقارب في الهياكل التّكوينيّة بين أنماط التّعبير الفنّيّ البشريّ وتلك الّتي تولدها الخوارزميّات الذّكيّة، ممّا يفتح آفاقًا جديدة في إعادة تصميم الوعي الجماليّ والبصريّ للمتلقي، ويسعى البحث الحالي للإجابة عن التّساؤل الآتي: ما دور التّشاكل الصّوريّ بين الفنّ المعاصر والأساليب المولدة عبر الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ (AI) في تعزيز الثّقافة البصريّة المستدامة، اما هدف البحث كان الكشف عن دور التّشاكل الصّوريّ بين الفنّ المعاصر والأساليب المولدة عبر الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ (AI) في تعزيز الثّقافة البصريّة المستدامة، واختتم الفصل بتحديد حدود البحث وتحديد المصطلحات. اما الفصل الثاني اشتمل على مباحث أربعة أساسية، المبحث الأول: التّشاكل الصّوريّ، والمبحث الثّاني التّنمية المستدامة، اما المبحث الثّالث كان عن الثّقافة البصريّة وعلاقتها بالتّنمية المستدامة، والمبحث الرّابع التّشاكل الثّقافيّ بين الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ والفنّ، واختتم الفصل بمؤشرات الاطار النظري.  تناول الفصل الثّالث منهجية البحث واجراءاته، وقد حدد الباحثان مجتمع بحثهم بـ(261) طالبًا وطالبة من الجامعات العراقيّة (بغداد-بابل-المستنصريّة)، لأقسام التّربية الفنّيّة، للعام الدّراسيّ (2024-2025م)، أما عينة البحث تحددت بـ (100) طالب وطالبة، وتم تصميم مقياس مكون من (25) عملا فنّيّا وتم تطبيقه على عينة البحث. في الفصل الرابع استعرض الباحثان ابرز النتائج التي اسفر عنها البحث وكان من بينها: ان هناك ميلًا واضحا لدى طلبة جامعتي بغداد وبابل نحو تفضيل اللّوحات الأصلية، في حين أنّ طلبة الجامعة المستنصريّة أظهروا تقاربًا في التّفضيل بين اللّوحات الأصلية وتلك المنتجة بالذّكاء الاصطناعيّ. وهذا يشير إلى أنّ الثّقافة البصريّة المستدامة قد ترتبط بعوامل بيئيّة أو معرفيّة تختلف من جامعة لأخرى، ممّا يفتح الباب أمام دراسات تحليليّة أعمق لاستكشاف محددات الذّوق البصريّ والتّفاعل مع الفنون الرّقميّة، أمّا استنتاجات البحث كانت: أَنَّ الطّلبة ميزوا بين "الإتقان" و"المعنى"، وعلى الرغم من دقة الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ تقنيًّا، إلّا أنَّها لا تملك الذّاكرة الشّعوريّة أو المرجعيّة الثّقافيّة للفنان البشريّ، وهو مؤشر على استدامة الذّوق النّقديّ أمام الانبهار التّقنيّ، ومحدودية الذّكاء الاصطناعيّ في التّعبير عن العمق الرّمزيّ، وأنَّ تقدير الطّلبة للأعمال الّتي تحمل قيمة ورسالة، سواء كانت أصلية أو رقميّة
Arabic Natural Language Processing for Qur’anic Research: A Systematic Review

Arabic Natural Language Processing for Qur’anic Research: A Systematic Review
The Simulation of the Psychological Impact of Computer Vision De-Noising Technology

The paper mainly discusses the analysis method for the psychological impact of computer vision noising technology. Actually, people's psychological acceptance and corresponding memory capacity of computer vision images with lots of noise are relatively poor. The de-noising process to computer vision images can improve the clarity, thus generating passive psychological impact. Therefore, the paper proposes a spatial domain filtering algorithm-based de-noising method for computer vision. It establishes wavelet packet decomposition tree for computer vision images and de-noises accordance with the decomposing results. The experiment results show that the proposed de-noising method has passive psychological influence and improves the memory capacity of computer vision images.
Exact Gibbs sampling for stochastic differential equations with gradient drift and constant diffusion

Main document: 18 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material: 12 pages, 7 figures
Beyond clinical and cost-effectiveness: The contribution of qualitative research to health technology assessment

AbstractRecent developments in health technology assessment (HTA), including the promotion of a new and internationally accepted definition of HTA, have highlighted the need to go beyond clinical and cost-effectiveness to fully understand the potential value of health technologies. Multidisciplinary efforts to generate patient-focused evidence relevant to HTA, using both quantitative and qualitative approaches, are needed. Although it has been more than 20 years since opportunities for qualitative methods to inform HTA were first discussed, their use remains infrequent. The goal of this article is to resurrect the debate about the value of qualitative research in HTA. Drawing on examples from published literature, we propose five key areas where qualitative methods can contribute to HTA, complementary to studies of clinical and cost-effectiveness: (i) assessing acceptability and subjective value; (ii) understanding perspectives and providing context; (iii) reaching the groups other methods cannot reach; (iv) laying the groundwork for subsequent quantitative exercises; and (v) contributing to economic model development.