ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Relationship of the nursing practice environment with the quality of care and patients’ safety in primary health care

Abstract                 Background                 Nursing practice environment has impact on the quality of nursing care and on patients’ and nurses’ outcomes, namely better performances of these healthcare workers. Improving the nursing practice environment is a low-cost organizational strategy to achieve better patients’ outcomes and retain qualified nurses, thus improving nursing care of units, healthcare organizations and healthcare system. This study aims to analyse the relationship between nursing practice environment and the nurses` perception of quality of care, patient safety, and safety culture in Primary Health Care in Portugal.                                Methods                 We conducted a descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study using data from RN4CAST Portugal. The sample was composed of 1059 nurses from 55 Health Center Groups of the mainland Portugal, 15 Health Centers of the Autonomous Region of Madeira and 6 Health Centers of the Autonomous Region of the Azores. Multivariate analysis and correlation analysis methods were used for data processing.                                Results                 Nurses consider that, in the Portuguese Primary Health Care, there is a mixed and unfavourable nursing practice environment, with a perception of a good quality of care, and both acceptable patients’ safety and safety culture. The Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations and Nursing Foundations for Quality of Care dimensions to have the best ratings. The perception of Primary Health Care nurses on the dimension Nurse Participation in Organization Affairs was the one that showed the lowest score, followed by Staffing and Resource Adequacy and Nurse Manager Ability, Leadership, and Support of Nurses. Based on perception of nurses, the relationship between the nursing practice environment and the safety culture is higher, followed by the quality of care and patients’ safety.                                Conclusions                 The perception of Primary Health Care nurses is that there is an unfavourable and mixed nursing practice environment, with good quality of care, and acceptable patient safety and safety culture. The quality of the nursing practice environments is associated to better quality and safety of care. Thus, improving the nursing practice environments in healthcare organizations is a low-cost organizational strategy to achieve greater patients and nurses’ outcomes, improving the quality of nursing care to patients in the Primary Health Care units.
Identifying trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services delivery for land-use decisions

AbstractSustainable land-use management must account for the potential trade-offs between biodiversity conservation, productive land uses and ecosystem services. In this study, we used Marxan with Zones to generate land use plans that optimize conservation, farming and forestry land uses to reach biodiversity targets while minimizing the opportunity cost for local communities in an inhabited but data-poor National Park in the Andes of Bolivia. Based on six alternative land-use plans, we identified the synergies and trade-offs between the biodiversity benefits achieved in the different plans and the delivery of four locally important water-related ecosystem services modeled with the web-based tool AguAAndes. Although we find synergies between the conservation of high altitudePolylepiswoodlands and their associated avifauna and three of the ecosystem services investigated, soil erosion levels were actually higher in scenarios with higher achieved biodiversity benefits. Our study shows how systematic conservation planning and ecosystem service delivery modelling can be used to solve land-use conflicts and identify trade-offs between biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services in a data-poor tropical area.
Efficient Online Hyperparameter Optimization for Kernel Ridge Regression with Applications to Traffic Time Series Prediction

Computational efficiency is an important consideration for deploying machine learning models for time series prediction in an online setting. Machine learning algorithms adjust model parameters automatically based on the data, but often require users to set additional parameters, known as hyperparameters. Hyperparameters can significantly impact prediction accuracy. Traffic measurements, typically collected online by sensors, are serially correlated. Moreover, the data distribution may change gradually. A typical adaptation strategy is periodically re-tuning the model hyperparameters, at the cost of computational burden. In this work, we present an efficient and principled online hyperparameter optimization algorithm for Kernel Ridge regression applied to traffic prediction problems. In tests with real traffic measurement data, our approach requires as little as one-seventh of the computation time of other tuning methods, while achieving better or similar prediction accuracy.
Is evolutionary biology becoming too politically correct? A reflection on<i>the scala naturae</i>, phylogenetically basal clades, anatomically plesiomorphic taxa, and ‘lower’ animals

ABSTRACTThe notion ofscala naturaedates back to thinkers such as Aristotle, who placed plants below animals and ranked the latter along a graded scale of complexity from ‘lower’ to ‘higher’ animals, such as humans. In the last decades, evolutionary biologists have tended to move from one extreme (i.e. the idea ofscala naturaeor the existence of a general evolutionary trend in complexity from ‘lower’ to “higher” taxa, withHomo sapiensas the end stage) to the other, opposite, extreme (i.e. to avoid using terms such as ‘phylogenetically basal’ and ‘anatomically plesiomorphic’ taxa, which are seen as the undesired vestige of old teleological theories). The latter view tries to avoid any possible connotations with the original anthropocentric idea of ascala naturaecrowned by man and, in that sense, it can be regarded as a more politically correct view. In the past years and months there has been renewed interest in these topics, which have been discussed in various papers and monographs that tend to subscribe, in general, to the points defended in the more politically correct view. Importantly, most evolutionary and phylogenetic studies of tetrapods and other vertebrates, and therefore most discussions on thescala naturaeand related issues have been based on hard tissue and, more recently, on molecular data. Here we provide the first discussion of these topics based on a comparative myological study of all the major vertebrate clades and of myological cladistic and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of bony fish and tetrapods, including Primates. We specifically (i) contradict the notions of ascala naturaeor evolutionary progressive trends leading to more complexity in ‘higher’ animals and culminating inHomo sapiens, and (ii) stress that the refutation of these old notions does not necessarily mean that one should not keep using the terms ‘phylogenetically basal’ and particularly ‘anatomically plesiomorphic’ to refer to groups such as the urodeles within the Tetrapoda, or the strepsirrhines and lemurs within the Primates, for instance. This review will contribute to improving our understanding of these broad evolutionary issues and of the evolution of the vertebrate Bauplans, and hopefully will stimulate future phylogenetic, evolutionary and developmental studies of these clades.
Engaging with Online Audiences: A cross-country analysis of use of the Web for communicating biomedical science to public audiences.

This research project is an examination of the websites of biomedical research institutes to identify the extent to which the Web is used to communicate science to public audiences. Through a review of the literature, it was found that biomedical research institutes can communicate information effectively by targeting content at particular segments of their audience; providing in-depth yet accessible information; endeavouring to take an open approach to communication, in order to build trust, which does not attempt to shield the public from uncertainty; and blending different approaches to, or models of, communication. This research was accomplished through a content analysis of the websites of 68 biomedical research centres in the United Kingdom, Ireland, United States, Canada and Continental Europe. The websites were examined for their attribution and transparency; content and currency; interactivity and navigation; design; and accessibility. Further data was obtained through questionnaires from communication practitioners in the institutes in order to validate content analysis results. Research has shown that biomedical research institutes in the United States surpass the other countries in their efforts to communicate with public audiences via the Web. Of the five highest scoring websites, four were located in the United States. On a whole however, the public communication of biomedical research does not appear to be the primary aim of online communication and the deficit model is still widely used with very little opportunity provided for user discussion or interaction.
Indigenous land rights and conflict in Darfur: The case of the Fur tribe Unruh JD (2016) Indigenous land rights and conflict in Darfur: The case of the Fur tribe. In: Tidwell, A., and Zellen, B. (eds.) Land, Indigenous Peoples and Conflict

&lt;div&gt;  Land rights in Darfur operate as a central feature of the conflict. Widely regarded as being at the&amp;nbsp;&lt;span&gt;heart of the war, land rights for the different indigenous groups involved in the conflict are com-&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;plex, confused, sensitive, and volatile (e.g., Abdhalla 2010; Flint and De Waal 2008; Abdul-Jalil&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2007; Suiliman 2011; Concordis 2007). Of the six recognized and agreed upon 'root causes' of&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;the war mentioned in the 2011 peace accord between the government and one set of the rebel&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;factions, three dealt explicitly with land rights issues (DDPD 2011). In one of the most acute&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;manifestations of the land rights problem, certain Arab pastoralists of northern Darfur were easi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ly recruited into the Janjaweed for two primary reasons, land and money (Flint 2009).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Digital transformation of logistics: the role of artificial intelligence and Big Data  in managing transport flows and optimizing loading and unloading operations

The digitalization of the economy covers all types of economic activity, among which logistics activities and the implementation of AI and Big Data tools are distinguished.  Problem statement. Comprehensive approach to the study of the digital transformation of logistics (DTL) based on the use of AI and Big Data to manage transport flows (MTF) and optimize loading and unloading operations (OPUO).  Unresolved aspects of the problem. Due to the dynamic development of the processes of DTL, a comprehensive approach based on the use of AI and Big Data to MTF and OPUO requires additional research.  Purpose of the article. Research on the scientific foundations and practical recommendations for MTF and OPUO based on AI and Big Data.  Presentation of the main material. It is noted that the driver of the spread of AI and Big Data tools in logistics is the WEF platform, which also considers the processes of DTL towards green logistics and decarbonization using AI and Big Data tools. The results of research conducted in 2025 among logistics companies in Europe and the USA showed that a quarter of respondents have already integrated AI and Big into their activities, half of them partially use AI and Big, and 57% plan to introduce these tools into their activities. A description of the main companies involved in the development and distribution of applied software solutions for logistics and logistics companies is provided.  Conclusions. A list of the main obstacles (large initial investments, outdated data processing and storage technologies, lack of qualified labor, variability and instability of the regulatory field, costs of maintaining excess inventory in the warehouse) and opportunities (increasing the level of optimization and self-optimization of logistics processes, optimization of resource costs, autonomy of supply chains, real-time processing of large volumes of data and forecasting demand for products over time) in the development of AI and Big Data tools in MTF and OPUO has been formed.
Still unequal? : The impact of social identities on girls’ access to sexual and reproductive health and rights in South Africa

Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are human rights, thus they should be universally accessible. Young women and girls are often considered a disadvantaged group with low access to human rights. Various feminist scholars have highlighted gender inequality as the cause of this marginalisation. Intersectionality scholars instead argue the marginalisation of women to be more complex. The approach emphasises that oppressed women and girls are not only discriminated because of their gender but that the prevalence of intragroup discrimination hampers them from accessing their rights. This thesis aims to study if and how social identities, more specifically class and ethnicity, affect adolescent girls’ access to sexual and reproductive health and rights within the South African school realm. A case study is conducted on the south coast of KwaZulu-Natal, focusing on secondary- and high school teachers and on how the subject Life Orientation is implemented to create access to SRHR. Empirical results of the study indicate that class- and ethnic belonging impacts the access of female students to their rights in various ways. Monetary resources, information and knowledge influence social identities and access to SRHR in Life Orientation. As well as overall school conditions, including level of school violence and harassment. Finally, this thesis illustrates that privileged girls are also impeded from accessing their SRHR, due to the implementation of school fees. This system allows guardians to gain substantial influence and constrain school teachings of controversial topics.
The Unclear Picture of Child Sexual Abuse Material (CSAM) Online Volumes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract                   The COVID-19 global pandemic altered the social lives of people around the globe and centred our activities around the internet and new technologies even more than before. As countries around the world responded with lockdowns and social restrictions in order to prevent spreading the virus, concerns about the effects of those measures on child sexual abuse materials (CSAM) volumes on the internet and CSAM related offending online arose. While it is impossible to measure the entire volume of CSAM available online and CSAM related offending, there are some indicators that can be used to assess the scale of online CSAM and whether there was an upward or downward trend in CSAM related activity online and reporting over the pandemic time. Such indicators include the number of reports to hotlines combating CSAM, the number of criminal investigations and cases, and the measurements of the offenders’ online activity monitored by law enforcement and other entities. The aim of this paper is to analyse the data available in these areas and see how they picture the CSAM online problem during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining in Medical Sciences, a Review of the Requirements for Applied Researches

The article is a letter to the editor, so it has no abstract.
Nanobubble Technology in Fisheries and Aquaculture: A Sustainable Solution for Enhanced Productivity and Water Quality Management

Aquaculture has become a cornerstone of global food production, but it faces challenges like maintaining water quality, optimizing oxygen delivery, and preventing disease outbreaks. Nanobubble technology, characterized by ultrafine bubbles with unique properties such as high stability, negative surface charge, and enhanced gas transfer efficiency, offers innovative solutions to these issues. This review paper explores how nanobubbles improve dissolved oxygen levels, enhance water quality through removing pollutants, control algae, and aid in pathogen disinfection to reduce disease outbreaks. Their ability to sustain higher oxygen concentrations minimizes fish stress, improves feed conversion ratios, and accelerates growth rates, promoting sustainable and cost-effective aquaculture practices. Despite its potential, challenges such as high initial costs, scalability, and the need for technical expertise must be addressed. Future prospects include integrating nanobubble technology with IoT and AI for smart aquaculture systems and customizing gas infusions to meet specific water quality needs. Nanobubble technology is poised to transform aquaculture with its eco-friendly and resource-efficient applications, supporting global food security and sustainability
Quantum Error Correction and Fault-tolerant Quantum Computing

Quantum error correction (QEC), providing systematic ways for protecting qubits from errors, is essential to achieve fault tolerance in building scalable quantum computing systems. QEC has been becoming the major keyword of quantum technology and research over the past few years with several experimental breakthroughs. In this article, I introduce the basic theory of QEC with all relevant concepts, recent experimental achievements, and technological challenges.
Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and Ethics (FATE) in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and higher education: A systematic review

Background: The use of Artificial Intelligence or AI is rising in higher education. With this rise, the morality of AI programs is being questioned. There is, as such, a need to understand how notions of Fairness, Accountability, Transparency, and Ethics or FATE are identified in the AI and higher education studies to date. Purpose: This systematic review paper aims to understand definitions and studies on FATE and AI in the higher education literature. The contribution of this work is to provide a summary of FATE development and the synthesis of the challenges and potentials of each of the reviewed studies. Method: A total of 33 publications from SCOPUS and Web of Science (WoS) were included in this systematic literature review. We examined definitions of FATE noted in the reviewed articles (may have been multiple in each study) and grouped them into descriptive (understandable by laypeople) and technical (containing jargon) definitions. We also examined the main FATE term studied in detail in each reviewed article and grouped them into qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: Findings show more descriptive definitions exist (especially for fairness) and similarly quantitative definitions mostly emerge for Fairness. Findings also show more quantitative studies exist (especially for fairness) and qualitative definitions mostly emerge for ethics. Generally, though, there are more definitions than relevant studies conducted in the literature. Conclusion: This systematic literature review offers a summary of definitions and studies conducted for FATE terms and AI in the higher education literature. Future work may benefit from bridging the gap between laypeople and experts by linking descriptive definitions with technical ones as well as qualitative studies with quantitative ones. Moreover, future work can study accountability and transparency further and make the study of FATE terms more longitudinal, open-access, and reproducible.
Artificial intelligence-based preoperative prediction system for diagnosis and prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer: A multicenter study

BackgroundOvarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, with limited early screening methods and poor prognosis. Artificial intelligence technology has made a great breakthrough in cancer diagnosis.PurposeWe aim to develop a specific interpretable machine learning (ML) prediction model for the diagnosis and prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) based on a variety of biomarkers.MethodsA total of 521 patients with EOC and 144 patients with benign gynecological diseases were enrolled including derivation datasets and an external validation cohort. The predicted information was acquired by 9 supervised ML methods, through 34 parameters. Behind predicted reasons for the best ML were improved by using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithm. In addition, the prognosis of EOC was analyzed by unsupervised clustering and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival analysis.ResultsML technology was superior to conventional logistic regression in predicting EOC diagnosis and XGBoost performed best in the external validation datasets. The AUC values of distinguishing EOC and benign disease patients, determining pathological type, grade and clinical stage were 0.958 (0.926-0.989), 0.792 (0.701-0.8834), 0.819 (0.687-0.950) and 0.68 (0.573-0.788) respectively. For negative CA-125 EOC patients, the AUC performance of XGBoost model was 0.835(0.763-0.907). We used unsupervised cluster analysis to identify EOC subgroups with significantly poor overall survival (p-value &amp;lt;0.0001) and recurrence-free survival (p-value &amp;lt;0.0001).ConclusionsBased on the preoperative characteristics, we proved that ML algorithm can provide an acceptable diagnosis and prognosis prediction model for EOC patients. Meanwhile, SHAP analysis can improve the interpretability of ML models and contribute to precision medicine.
Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Sustainability Reporting, ISO 26000 and Corporate Green Performance: A Conceptual Paper

This study aims to conceptualise the linkage between corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate sustainability reporting, ISO 26000, and corporate green performance in the manufacturing sector of Malaysia. This study significantly contributes by providing an understanding that implementation of societal and environmental-friendly practises enhances corporate reputation, reduces costs by minimising waste, reduces environmental and social risks, and improves corporate productivity and managerial credibility. The main data sources for this study are research articles published from 2000 to 2020 in different databases. The findings revealed that CSR, corporate sustainability reporting, and ISO 26000 positively linked with corporate green performance. The results confirm that CSR, corporate sustainability reporting, and ISO 26000 not only improve business performance but also ensure that organisational operations do not degrade the environment. Moreover, this study helps managers and practitioners realise the importance of sustainable practises, which have a tremendous ability to solve environmental and social issues as well as improve business performance.