ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Microsoft Copilot Acceptance as Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) Using the TAM/TPB Model

The development of Artificial Intelligence-Generated Content (AIGC) technology has brought significant changes to creative work processes, particularly in design. Microsoft Copilot is one implementation of AIGC aimed at enhancing user productivity and efficiency. However, its adoption among designers remains limited due to various psychological, functional, and social considerations. This study aims to analyze the factors influencing user acceptance of Copilot by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), along with external constructs such as trust, functional risk, and emotional risk. Data were collected through a survey of 100 respondents, including design students and professionals, using a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The analysis was conducted using the Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) approach. The results indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective norms significantly influence trust, which in turn positively affects the behavioral intention to use Copilot. These findings highlight the critical role of trust as a mediating factor linking perceptions of usefulness and social pressure to the intention to adopt AIGC technologies. This study provides a foundation for developing AI implementation strategies in the creative industry that consider users' psychological aspects.
Local Governance, Anti-corruption and REDD+ in Latin America and the Caribbean: Exploring Synergies to Strengthen Transparency and Accountability

This study looks at the role of local governance institutions in preventing corruption risks in the forest sector in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The 2010 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report Staying on Track: Tackling Corruption Risks in Climate Change provided recommendations for how to address such risks in the context of REDD+ and indicated the need to ”strengthen transparency and accountability of local governance institutions and systems.”1 The present study complements this report by 1) examining two case studies to see how local governments in LAC have tackled corruption risks and 2) to find lessons learned from their experiences that may be applied in the context of REDD+. The study focuses on three issues, all important to UNDP: climate change, anti-corruption and local governance. It aims to provide inputs to REDD+, and also to the Democratic Governance Practice Area.
EHRKit: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Electronic Health Record Texts

The Electronic Health Record (EHR) is an essential part of the modern medical system and impacts healthcare delivery, operations, and research. Unstructured text is attracting much attention despite structured information in the EHRs and has become an exciting research field. The success of the recent neural Natural Language Processing (NLP) method has led to a new direction for processing unstructured clinical notes. In this work, we create a python library for clinical texts, EHRKit. This library contains two main parts: MIMIC-III-specific functions and tasks specific functions. The first part introduces a list of interfaces for accessing MIMIC-III NOTEEVENTS data, including basic search, information retrieval, and information extraction. The second part integrates many third-party libraries for up to 12 off-shelf NLP tasks such as named entity recognition, summarization, machine translation, etc.
Health insurance coverage and health care access in Moldova

In 2004, the Moldovan government introduced mandatory (social) health insurance (MHI) with the goals of sustainable health financing and improved access to services for poorer sections of the population. The government pays contributions for non-employed groups but the self-employed, which in Moldova include many agricultural workers, must purchase their own cover. This paper describes the extent to which the Moldovan MHI scheme has managed to achieve coverage of its population and the characteristics of those who remain without cover.The 2008 July-October enhanced health module of the Moldovan Household Budget Survey was used. The survey uses multi-stage random sampling, identifying individuals within households within 150 primary sampling units. Numbers and characteristics of those without insurance were tabulated and the determinants of lack of cover were assessed using multivariate regression.3760 respondents were interviewed. Seventy-eight per cent were covered by MHI. Factors associated with being uninsured include being self-employed (particularly in agriculture), unemployed, younger age and low income. Respondents who were self-employed in agriculture were over 27 times more likely to be uninsured than those who were employed. Agricultural workers in Moldova are responsible for purchasing their own cover; most respondents cited cost as the main reason for not doing so.While being uninsured has an impact on utilization, financial barriers persist for those with insurance who seek care. The strengths and weaknesses of the MHI system in Moldova provide valuable lessons for policy makers in low- and middle-income countries addressing the challenges of achieving equitable coverage in health insurance schemes and the complex nature of financial barriers to access.
Study of muons in extensive air showers from ultra-high energy cosmic rays measured with the Telescope Array experiment

The origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) has been a long-standing mystery. One of the uncertainties in UHECR observation derives from the hadronic interaction model used for air shower Monte-Carlo (MC) simulations. The number of muons observed at ground level from UHECR induced air showers is expected to depend upon the composition of primary cosmic rays. The MC prediction also depends on hadronic interaction models. One may test the hadronic interaction models by comparing the measured number of muons with the MC prediction. The Telescope Array (TA) is the largest experiment in the northern hemisphere observing UHECR in Utah, USA. It aims to reveal the origin of UHECR by studying the energy spectrum, mass composition and anisotropy of cosmic rays by utilizing an array of surface detectors (SDs) and fluorescence detectors. We studied muon densities in the UHE extensive air showers by analyzing the signal of TA SD stations for highly inclined showers which should have high muon purity. A high muon purity condition is imposed that requires the geometry of the shower and relative position of the given station and implies that muons dominate the signal. On condition that the muons contribute about 65% of the total signal, the number of particles from air showers is typically 1.88 ± 0.08(stat:) ± 0.42(syst:) times larger than the MC prediction with the QGSJET II-03 model for protons. The same feature was also obtained for other hadronic models, such as QGSJET II-04.
Advancing Surgical Simulation in Gynecologic Oncology

Pelvic lymphadenectomy is a key component of the surgical treatment of several gynecologic cancers and involves mastery of complex anatomic relationships. Our aim was to demonstrate that the anatomy relevant to robotic pelvic lymphadenectomy can be modeled using low-cost techniques, thereby enabling simulation focused on surgical dissection, a task that integrates technical skills and anatomic knowledge.A model of pelvic lymphadenectomy was constructed through experimentation with several different materials and a number of prototypes. In the final version, blood vessels were simulated by rubber tubing stented with wire and lymph nodes by cotton balls. Adipose and areolar tissue were simulated by a gelatin solution poured into the model and then allowed to cool and semisolidify. Three gynecologic oncologists and 2 gynecologic oncology fellows dissected the model using the surgical robot (da Vinci Surgical System) and completed a structured questionnaire. Five additional gynecologic oncologists assessed the model at a national conference.The model received high ratings for face and content validity. Median ratings were almost all 4 of 5 or higher (range, 3-5). Participants who dissected the model (n = 5) unanimously rated it as "useful for training throughout residency and fellowship."A novel low-cost inanimate model of pelvic lymphadenectomy has been developed and rated highly for face and content validity. This model may permit more regular simulation sessions compared with alternatives such as cadaveric dissection and animal laboratories, thereby complementing them and facilitating distributed practice.
The Dynamical Ensemble of the Posner Molecule is not Symmetric

The Posner molecule, $\text{Ca}_9(\text{PO}_4)_6$, has long been recognized to have biochemical relevance in various physiological processes. It has found recent attention for its possible role as a biological quantum information processor, whereby the molecule purportedly maintains long-lived nuclear spin coherences among its ${^{31}\text{P}}$ nuclei (presumed to be symmetrically arranged), allowing it to function as a room temperature qubit. The structure of the molecule has been of much dispute in the literature, although the $\text{S}_6$ point group symmetry has often been assumed and exploited in calculations. Using a variety of simulation techniques (including ab initio molecular dynamics and structural relaxation), rigorous data analysis tools and by exploring thousands of individual configurations, we establish that the molecule predominantly assumes low symmetry structures ($\text{C}_\text{s}$ and $\text{C}_\text{i}$) at room temperature, as opposed to the higher symmetry configurations explored previously. Our findings have important implications on the viability of this molecule as a qubit.
Zinc–Bromine Rechargeable Batteries: From Device Configuration, Electrochemistry, Material to Performance Evaluation

AbstractZinc–bromine rechargeable batteries (ZBRBs) are one of the most powerful candidates for next-generation energy storage due to their potentially lower material cost, deep discharge capability, non-flammable electrolytes, relatively long lifetime and good reversibility. However, many opportunities remain to improve the efficiency and stability of these batteries for long-life operation. Here, we discuss the device configurations, working mechanisms and performance evaluation of ZBRBs. Both non-flow (static) and flow-type cells are highlighted in detail in this review. The fundamental electrochemical aspects, including the key challenges and promising solutions, are discussed, with particular attention paid to zinc and bromine half-cells, as their performance plays a critical role in determining the electrochemical performance of the battery system. The following sections examine the key performance metrics of ZBRBs and assessment methods using various ex situ and in situ/operando techniques. The review concludes with insights into future developments and prospects for high-performance ZBRBs.
Structure and Electrochemistry of Cation Substituted "Layered-Layered Composite" Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

Recently, Li- and Mn-rich ‘layered-layered’ composite materials have drawn much attention as possible high-energy cathode materials for next generation electric vehicles. However, continuous voltage fade (VF) during cycling has been observed with virtually all Ni-Mn-Co based compositions and understanding and arresting the VF is urgently required for its commercial application.  The voltage fade is thought to be related to the instability of the composite ‘layered-layered’ structure. Such structural relaxation could be induced by oxygen loss during initial high voltage charging process and/or cation migration during cycling.                Cation substitution may be a way to retard VF of Li-rich layered cathode materials if the substituent can alter the path of structural degradation during the first charge in the parent phase.  Our hypotheses for substitution study contain three criteria:  (1) strong bonding with oxygen is required, (2) the oxidation state of the dopant can go higher than +4 and is stable (mitigate oxygen loss), and (3) it should form reversible dumbbell configuration with Litet during deep charge in order to maintain structural stability.  Each substitution tried can fit into one of these classifications.  This presentation will show the results from such substitutions and will describe the chemistry of these materials.
Public culture as professional science: final report of the ScoPE project (Scientists on public engagement: from communication to deliberation?)

This report is the outcome of a three-year research project conducted from September 2006 to August 2009 in the BIOS Centre for the Study of Bioscience, Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Society at the London School of Economics and Political Science. The project was funded by the Wellcome Trust (Society Awards: Research stream, Engaging Science public engagement grants programme: award number 080201). The\ud research objective was to provide a data-led, sociological analysis of the understandings, views, perspectives, judgements and experiences of scientists working in the life sciences with respect to public engagement and public dialogue.
The SAMI Galaxy Survey: first 1000 galaxies

The Sydney-AAO Multi-object Integral field spectrograph (SAMI) Galaxy Survey is an ongoing project to obtain integral field spectroscopic observations of ~3400 galaxies by mid-2016. Including the pilot survey, a total of ~1000 galaxies have been observed to date, making the SAMI Galaxy Survey the largest of its kind in existence. This unique dataset allows a wide range of investigations into different aspects of galaxy evolution.   The first public data from the SAMI Galaxy Survey, consisting of 107 galaxies drawn from the full sample, has now been released. By giving early access to SAMI data for the entire research community, we aim to stimulate research across a broad range of topics in galaxy evolution. As the sample continues to grow, the survey will open up a new and unique parameter space for galaxy evolution studies.
Identification of prognostic miRNA biomarkers for predicting overall survival of colon adenocarcinoma and bioinformatics analysis: A study based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database

AbstractObjectThis study was conducted to identify the prognostic microRNA (miRNA) for the prediction of survival in colon adenocarcinoma (CA).MethodsmiRNA profiling of patients with CA was downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. After data processing, univariate Cox regression was performed to select potential prognostic miRNAs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator approach was conducted to identify the key prognostic miRNA biomarkers. Log‐rank test was performed to compare survival outcome between patients with different regulation type of identified miRNAs. Then, bioinformatics analysis including Gene Ontology, Disease Ontology, and pathway enrichment analysis was performed on the selected prognostic miRNAs. A nomogram was generated based on the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model to illustrate the association between the identified miRNAs and the survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). All analyses were conducted with packages in the R software.ResultsA total of 1881 miRNAs were obtained from TCGA database in which 15 miRNAs were finally selected in multianalysis with covariates and incorporated into functional annotation analyses. Log‐rank test suggested that the identified miRNAs were associated with the survival of CA. Seven out of 15 selected miRNAs were identified for the first time in CA. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the identified miRNAs were associated with the development and progress of CRC. The association between the identified miRNAs and the survival of patients with CRC were presented in a nomogram.ConclusionThe seven newly identified miRNAs might be potential prognostic biomarkers for the survival of CA. Further research about the selected miRNAs were worth to conduct.
Quantum Photonic Computer Challenges: Quantum Decoherence, Quantum Error Correction (QEC), and Scalability

The error correction process in quantum photonic computers (QPCs) and their loss in photons are two important parameters of considering them as reliable devices for computing very large and complicated problems concerning classical computers. In this paper, the new promising algorithms have been discussed for employment in quantum photonic computers as robust and reliable computational tasks to define the best fidelity as a figure of merit in quantum error correction schemes. Furthermore, a parametric study has been done by adding noble metals to the Integrated Photonic Chip.
Application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Drug Exposure and Support Dosing Recommendations for Potential Drug‐Drug Interactions or in Special Populations: An Example Using Tofacitinib

AbstractTofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. It is eliminated via multiple pathways including oxidative metabolism (∼70%) and renal excretion (29%). This study aimed to predict the impact of drug‐drug interactions and renal or hepatic impairment on tofacitinib pharmacokinetics using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. The model was developed using Simcyp based on the physicochemical properties and in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetics data for tofacitinib. The model was verified by comparing the predicted pharmacokinetic profiles with those observed in available clinical studies after single or multiple doses of tofacitinib, as well as with tofacitinib as a victim of drug‐drug interactions (because of inhibition of cytochrome P450 [CYP450] 3A4, CYP450 2C19, or CYP450 induction). In general, good agreement was observed between Simcyp predictions and clinical data. The results from this study provide confidence in using the PBPK modeling and simulation approach to predict the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib under intrinsic (eg, renal or hepatic impairment) or extrinsic (eg, inhibition of CYP450 enzymes and/or renal transporters) conditions. This approach may also be useful in predicting pharmacokinetics under untested or complex situations (eg, when a combination of intrinsic and extrinsic factors may impact pharmacokinetics) when conducting clinical studies may be difficult, in response to health authority questions regarding dosing in special populations, or for labeling discussions.
Optics-informed Neural Networks: Bridging Deep Learning with Photonic Accelerators

We discuss our work in optics informed photonic neural networks, an architectural framework bridging the idiosyncrasy of integrated photonic architectures with a set of Deep Learning algorithms, towards harnessing the full potential of light-based accelerators.
Changes in health insurance coverage, access to care, and health services utilization by sexual minority status in the United States, 2013‐2018

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the changes in health insurance coverage, access to care, and health services utilization among nonelderly sexual minority and heterosexual adults between pooled years 2013‐2014 and 2017‐2018.Data SourcesData on 3223 sexual minorities (lesbians, gay men, bisexual individuals, and other nonheterosexual populations) and 86 181 heterosexuals aged 18‐64 years were obtained from the 2013, 2014, 2017, and 2018 National Health Interview Surveys.Study DesignUnadjusted and regression‐adjusted estimates compared changes in health insurance status, access to care, and health services utilization for nonelderly adults by sexual minority status. Regression‐adjusted changes were obtained from logistic regression models controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics.Principal FindingsUninsurance declined for both sexual minority adults (5 percentage points, P &lt; .05) and heterosexual adults (2.5 percentage points, P &lt; .001) between 2013‐2014 and 2017‐2018. Reductions in uninsurance for sexual minority and heterosexual adults were associated with increases in Medicaid coverage. Sexual minority and heterosexual adults were also less likely to report unmet medical care in 2017‐2018 compared with 2013‐2014. Low‐income adults (regardless of sexual minority status) experienced relatively large increases in Medicaid coverage and substantial improvements in access to care over the study period. The gains in coverage and access to care across the study period were generally similar for heterosexual and sexual minority adults.ConclusionsSexual minority and heterosexual adults have experienced improvements in health insurance coverage and access to care in recent years. Ongoing health equity research and public health initiatives should continue to monitor health care access and the potential benefits of recent health insurance expansions by sexual orientation and sexual minority status when possible.
Additive Manufacturing by Thermal Spray Deposition of Metals on 3D-Printed Polymer Substrates

Abstract                Metals were deposited on components made by 3-D printing with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a water-soluble polymer. The polymer was then dissolved, leaving a metal layer whose surface topography was the negative of that of the polymer. This is a rapid and low-cost alternative to 3D printing directly using metal, but to succeed it is essential for the sprayed metal to adhere to the polymer substrate. Tests were done in which aluminum and copper were sprayed using a twin-wire arc spray system onto 3D printed coupons, 50 mm x 50 mm in size, made from polylactic acid (PLA), PLA mixed with metal (aluminum, copper) or carbon fiber, and PVA. Adhesion depended on substrate roughness (minimum 1-2 μm) and substrate temperature (above the glass transition temperature but below the melting temperature of the polymer). It was shown that surface features could be made with high resolution on metal components using this technique.
A feminist critique of legal approaches to adolescent sexual and reproductive health rights in eastern and southern Africa: denial and divergence versus facilitation

The adoption of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action (1994), brought sexual and reproductive health rights (SRHR) under the attention of the international community. International law standards recognise the need to create an enabling legal environment that ensures that adolescent sexual and reproductive rights are realised. These standards include, for instance, setting an age at which adolescents can access contraceptives without parental consent, and facilitating the provision of family planning services to adolescents. This article employs a feminist approach to critiquing the protections available to the SRHR of adolescents in Eastern and Southern Africa. It explores the current legal approaches to the protection of the SRHR in international and regional instruments and examines the way they are implemented in the regions. The article establishes that while broad frameworks exist under the international and regional frameworks, reference to the specific rights issues facing adolescents is limited. It also shows that while the international guidance is premised on the principles of gender equality, it fails to provide a holistic approach that the domestic jurisdictions can follow. The article concludes with views on the role of the law in promoting adolescent sexual and reproductive health from a gender-sensitive perspective. Feminist jurisprudence is used as the theoretical framework throughout the article.