ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Interactions between regulatory realms: new administrative law and credit rating agencies in a globalized society

This article examines European legislation and academic literature concerning the regulation of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) during times of crisis, focusing on the perspective of administrative law in global governance. To this end, it proposes a perspective that considers a communicative process to minimise negative consequences for society within the context of CRA regulatory activity. Existing regulations, reports from European, American, and international authorities, as well as relevant literature, are reviewed to understand how regulatory challenges are addressed in the era of globalization.
Comments on >Quaternary landscape evolution and erosion rates for an intramontane Neogene basin (Guadix-Baza basin, SE Spain)> by J.V. Pérez-Peña, J.M. Azañón, A. Azor, P. Tuccimei, M. Della Seta, M. Soligo, (2009) Geomorphology 106, 206-21

Peer Reviewed
Addressing Loss of Plasticity and Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning

Deep representation learning methods struggle with continual learning, suffering from both catastrophic forgetting of useful units and loss of plasticity, often due to rigid and unuseful units. While many methods address these two issues separately, only a few currently deal with both simultaneously. In this paper, we introduce Utility-based Perturbed Gradient Descent (UPGD) as a novel approach for the continual learning of representations. UPGD combines gradient updates with perturbations, where it applies smaller modifications to more useful units, protecting them from forgetting, and larger modifications to less useful units, rejuvenating their plasticity. We use a challenging streaming learning setup where continual learning problems have hundreds of non-stationarities and unknown task boundaries. We show that many existing methods suffer from at least one of the issues, predominantly manifested by their decreasing accuracy over tasks. On the other hand, UPGD continues to improve performance and surpasses or is competitive with all methods in all problems. Finally, in extended reinforcement learning experiments with PPO, we show that while Adam exhibits a performance drop after initial learning, UPGD avoids it by addressing both continual learning issues.
AI-TransLATE: Validation of a Speech-Based Multilingual Interpretation Tool in Critical Care

Abstract                   Effective communication in the intensive care unit (ICU) is essential, particularly for patients with non-English language preference, yet timely access to professional interpreters remains limited. While artificial intelligence (AI)-based translation tools have been explored in outpatient and nonacute care settings, studies evaluating their use in acute care, environments such as the ICU remain limited. To address this gap, we developed AI-TransLATE (AI-enhanced Transition to Language-Agnostic Transcultural Engagement), a speech-based translation tool designed for multilingual communication in critical care settings.                   This study aimed to assess the interpretation quality of AI-TransLATE across four languages—Spanish, Chinese, Arabic, and Turkish—using scripted ICU scenarios.                   We created ICU communication scripts and recorded bilingual research team members simulating clinical interactions. Two independent bilingual evaluators assessed interpretation quality using a 5-point Likert scale across fluency, adequacy, meaning preservation, and severity of errors. Clarity and cultural appropriateness were also rated. Percentage agreement was used to assess interrater agreement.                   AI-TransLATE achieved acceptable composite scores (≥16/20) across all languages. Spanish and Turkish performed consistently well; Chinese and Arabic showed variability due to omissions and terminology errors.                   AI-TransLATE shows promise as a clinical communication tool, but further evaluation in real-world, unscripted ICU settings is needed.
Legal study on the protection of cultural heritage through the resolutions of the Security Council of the United Nations

Le patrimoine culturel dans le prisme de la résolution 2199 (2015) du Conseil de sécurité Vincent Négri, Juriste, chercheur au CNRS La résolution 2199 (2015), adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité le 12 février 2015, est structurée sur trois axes :- Le renforcement des mesures visant à tarir les sources de financement de l'État islamique d'Iraq et du Levant (EIIL), du Front el-Nosra et de tous autres personnes, groupes, entreprises et entités associés à Al-Qaida ;- La condamnation des destructions du patrimoine culturel iraquien et syrien, commises en particulier par l'EIIL et le Front el-Nosra, et la prescription aux États Membres de prendre des mesures pour empêcher le commerce des biens culturels qui ont été enlevés illégalement d'Iraq depuis août 1990 et de Syrie depuis mars 2011 ;- La prévention des enlèvements et des prises d'otage perpétrés par les groupes terroristes et la prohibition du versement de rançons ou de concessions politiques.
On ADMM in Deep Learning: Convergence and Saturation-Avoidance

In this paper, we develop an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) for deep neural networks training with sigmoid-type activation functions (called \textit{sigmoid-ADMM pair}), mainly motivated by the gradient-free nature of ADMM in avoiding the saturation of sigmoid-type activations and the advantages of deep neural networks with sigmoid-type activations (called deep sigmoid nets) over their rectified linear unit (ReLU) counterparts (called deep ReLU nets) in terms of approximation. In particular, we prove that the approximation capability of deep sigmoid nets is not worse than that of deep ReLU nets by showing that ReLU activation function can be well approximated by deep sigmoid nets with two hidden layers and finitely many free parameters but not vice-verse. We also establish the global convergence of the proposed ADMM for the nonlinearly constrained formulation of the deep sigmoid nets training from arbitrary initial points to a Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) point at a rate of order ${\cal O}(1/k)$. Besides sigmoid activation, such a convergence theorem holds for a general class of smooth activations. Compared with the widely used stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm for the deep ReLU nets training (called ReLU-SGD pair), the proposed sigmoid-ADMM pair is practically stable with respect to the algorithmic hyperparameters including the learning rate, initial schemes and the pro-processing of the input data. Moreover, we find that to approximate and learn simple but important functions the proposed sigmoid-ADMM pair numerically outperforms the ReLU-SGD pair.
Error mitigation for partially error-corrected quantum computers

We present a method for quantum error mitigation on partially error-corrected quantum computers - i.e., computers with some logical qubits and some noisy qubits. Our method is inspired by the error cancellation method and is implemented via a circuit for convex combinations of channels which we introduce in this work. We show how logical ancilla qubits can arbitrarily reduce the sampling complexity of error cancellation in a continuous space-time tradeoff, in the limiting case achieving $O(1)$ sample complexity which circumvents lower bounds for sample complexity with all known error mitigation techniques. This comes at the cost of exponential circuit depth, however, and leads us to conjecture that any error mitigation protocol with (sub-)polynomial sample complexity requires exponential time and/or space, even when logical qubits are utilized as a resource. We anticipate additional applications for our quantum circuits to implement convex combinations of channels, and to this end we discuss one application in simulating open quantum systems, showing an order of magnitude reduction in gate counts relative to current state-of-the-art methods for a canonical problem.
AI Risk Intelligence for Antimicrobial Resistance: A Policy-to-Implementation Blueprint for Stewardship and Biosecurity

Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a slow-burning biosecurity threat that emerges from routine clinical and agricultural decisions, amplified by surveillance gaps, unequal access to diagnostics, and fragmented stewardship governance. AI risk intelligence can help identify emerging resistance patterns, forecast treatment failure risk, and target stewardship interventions, yet it also introduces new risks of overclaiming, biased allocation, privacy harms, and operational brittleness when deployed across heterogeneous settings. This manuscript develops a policy-to-implementation blueprint for AMR risk intelligence that treats analytics as a governed capability: claims are bounded by explicit assumptions, evaluated through robustness and sensitivity protocols, and monitored for drift and harm. Across five chapters, the book integrates foundations and research design under uncertainty; statistical modeling for explanation and causal inference about stewardship interventions; machine learning for prediction, generalization, and trustworthiness; big-data engineering for reproducible surveillance and MLOps-style operations; and applied sectoral playbooks spanning hospitals, communities, agriculture, and cross-border coordination. The research outputs are operational and audit-ready: AMR risk registers, evaluation covenants, monitoring charters, data governance templates, and decision tools for policymakers and implementers across South Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas. Keywords antimicrobial resistance, AI risk intelligence, stewardship governance, biosecurity, surveillance systems, causal inference, robust evaluation, sensitivity analysis, prediction and calibration, distribution shift, trustworthy machine learning, diagnostic pathways, privacy and confidentiality, health equity, One Health, reproducibility, MLOps, auditability, policy implementation, cross-border coordination
Enhancing Accessibility in Special Libraries: A Study on AI-Powered Assistive Technologies for Patrons with Disabilities

This study seeks to identify the potential role of AI-driven assistive technologies in enhancing access to libraries for persons with varying degrees of challenges. Traditional libraries pose a problem to many users with vision and mobility, among other conditions related to physical and infirmities. This mixed-methods research approach will examine ways in which AI-powered assistive tools and applications associated with text-to-speech, navigation systems, and personalized assistants are revolutionizing library services through a literature review, survey methods, interviews, and case studies. Our findings suggest that these technologies greatly increase the autonomy and participation of people with physical disabilities, providing personalized support and access to a wide range of resources. From this, some key findings have been deduced from the research, showing a strong impact on user experience and efficiency in services, while at the same time bringing out important considerations related to privacy and ethical implementation. This study highlights the central role of AI in making library settings more inclusive, thereby allowing equal access to knowledge and participation in the community. Such insight thus serves professionals working in libraries, policymakers, and technology developers for innovations to occur uninterruptedly, with future research directions proposed that would refine such technologies, especially toward the special needs of diverse populations. By adopting AI, libraries could uphold their mission of providing equal access to knowledge through full and equal participation of all persons, regardless of any type of physical ability, in the learning and community activities carried out by the library. This study paves the way for future innovations in creating more accessible and inclusive library spaces.
The Law of Persecution Before the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia

The various Trial Chambers of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia have advanced potentially inconsistent definitions of the crime of persecution under Article 5 of the Tribunal's Statute. The Trial Chamber in the Krnojelac case, in attempting to reconcile these different approaches, has undertaken a comprehensive analysis both of the actus reus and mens rea elements constituting this offence. In the context of the Tribunal's jurisprudence, this article analyses these elements and briefly discusses other issues related to the crime of persecution.
The Effect of Social Media Use Frequency on Adolescent Mental Health at Man 3 Tangerang

Social media has many positive influences that we can accept, but there are also many negative influences that occur due to social media, especially on mental health. Social media is present as part of the development of the internet. Its presence offers easy and new ways to interact, communicate, and socialize with the support of interesting features. The number of social media users in Indonesia is dominated by teenagers, so the impact is felt most by teenagers. Good use can improve achievement, conversely, bad use can have negative consequences for children and teenagers. Purpose: This study was to determine the effect of the frequency of social media use on the mental health of teenagers at MAN 3 Tangerang. Results: The level of social media use was high for 144 respondents (53.5%), and the mental health of teenagers was good for 137 respondents (50.9%). Conclusion: There is an influence of social media on mental health in teenagers at MAN 3 Tangerang.
Development of a Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Research Conceptual Framework to Inform Research Priorities for the Irish Healthcare System: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Background A core part of the remit of the Evidence Based QUality Improvement and Patient Safety (EQUIPS) Research Network (2024–2029) is to inform research priorities for the Irish healthcare system. Previously, research prioritisation exercises have treated quality improvement (QI) and patient safety research as separate fields. Given the growth of QI research, an integrated approach is required to generate a full view of the continuum of knowledge generation and translation activities in quality and safety contexts. The co-creation of a Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Research Conceptual Framework among researchers, knowledge users and patient groups is required to outline important topics, research questions and methodologies, applicable to all areas of healthcare. A scoping review of the literature is required to examine existing QI and patient safety research frameworks to inform the development of a harmonised conceptual framework for the Irish context. Methods The scoping review will follow JBI guidelines for developing and co-creating scoping review protocols with knowledge users. The completed review will be reported according to the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews, and Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public 2 (GRIPP2) checklist which supports enhanced reporting of patient and public involvement in research. We will search the following databases from 2000–2025 focussing on literature sources from developed countries: Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science. We will map included papers using an extraction template developed to fulfil the study aims. Two reviewers will independently screen studies, and discrepancies will be addressed by consensus using a third reviewer. Dissemination Findings will be used to inform the development of a meta-framework that will be used to guide QI and patient safety research priority setting, measurement and monitoring, implementation, and knowledge translation activities in Ireland, at local and national levels. OSF                     https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/FGWUA
Chromatin architecture and transcriptional regulation at the Epidermal Differentiation Complex (EDC) locus. The role of epigenetic factors in modulating chromatin structure and tissue-specific gene expression at the murine EDC locus during epidermal differentiation.

The epidermal differentiation complex (EDC) encodes co-ordinately regulated genes critically involved in epidermal differentiation, however knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in co-ordinating EDC gene expression is limited. Recent findings indicate p63 dependent changes in the nuclear localisation and higher-order chromatin folding the EDC coincide with the onset of epidermal stratification during embryonic development. Here it is demonstrated that a direct transcription target of p63, the chromatin-remodelling enzyme Brg1, modulates the specific nuclear positioning of the EDC and transcription of differentiation-specific gene encoded at the EDC. In addition, the results of high-resolution 5C-based analyses of the spatial chromatin interactome at a 5.3Mb region spanning the murine EDC in epidermal keratinocytes, and the silenced EDC in thymocytes, are presented. Chromatin interactions at the EDC region in keratinocytes include long-range interactions between multiple proximal and distal candidate gene regulatory regions. Many candidate regulatory elements involved in looping chromatin interactions at the EDC region are enriched for both active (H3K4me1, H3K27ac) and repressive (H3K27me3) chromatin marks and are bound by Sin3a and RBP2 co-repressor complexes. The chromatin interactome at the EDC in epidermal progenitor cells is enriched for bound chromatin architectural proteins Satb1, Satb2, and the cohesin subunit Rad21. Further, a substantial degree of co-localisation is observed between these chromatin architectural proteins, transcription factors and co-factors. Findings presented here suggest that a functional chromatin interactome, mediated by Satb proteins and cohesin, acts in conjunction with transcriptional repressor complexes to facilitate co-ordinated gene expression at the EDC in epidermal progenitor cells upon differentiation. These results provide a foundation for further study of the mechanisms controlling EDC gene expression in health and disease.
Emotion Regulation in Adolescents in the Digital Era in the Context of Social Media and Mental Health: A Systematic Review

Emotion regulation is the ability to manage, direct, and adapt emotional responses to various situations. Among adolescents in the digital era, this ability is increasingly vital due to high exposure to social media. This study aims to systematically review the literature on the role of emotion regulation in adolescents, focusing on social media use and its mental health implications. By analyzing peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, the findings indicate that poor emotion regulation increases the risk of depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem, particularly due to social comparison and cyberbullying. On the other hand, adaptive emotion regulation acts as a buffer against digital stress. The findings highlight the importance of emotional education and family involvement in promoting digital emotional resilience in adolescents.
Perception survey on Law 7/2023, of March 28, for the protection of the rights and welfare of animals by veterinarians in the Canary Islands

This study conducted a perception survey among veterinarians in the Canary Islands to assess their opinions and level of satisfaction regarding Law 7/2023, which aims to protect animal rights and welfare. The concept of animal welfare has evolved over time due to society´s demands, and the role of veterinarians is crucial in this regard. The survey, consisting of Likert-scale questions, was distributed by e-mail to veterinary colleges in Las Palmas and Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The collected responses were analyzed using statistical techniques. The results revealed diverse opinions among the veterinarians, with a significant correlation found between satisfaction with the law and its potential impact on their professional activities. Many veterinarians expressed dissatisfaction with their level of involvement in the law's development, reflecting concerns and a rejection of its provisions. The study highlights the importance of including professionals in the legislative process to ensure effective and well-received laws that promote animal welfare
Prospects for Low-Energy Antiproton Physics at Fermilab

Fermilab has long had the world's most intense antiproton source. Despite this, opportunities for low-energy antiproton physics at Fermilab have in the past been limited and--with the antiproton source now exclusively dedicated to serving the needs of the Tevatron Collider--are currently nonexistent. While the future of antiproton physics at Fermilab is uncertain, the anticipated shutdown of the Tevatron in about 2009 presents the opportunity for a world-leading low-energy antiproton program. We summarize the current status of the Fermilab antiproton facility and review some current topics in hyperon physics as examples of what might be achievable.
The Humanization of the Environment (The Human Right to a Healthy Environment) in the International Environmental Law

The significance of this study arises from its role in promoting awareness of the human right to a healthy environment, through emphasizing the associated obligations of preserving the environment and respecting environmental changes. In doing so, it contributes to achieving the humanization of the environment across all societies, in accordance with the principles of international environmental law. From this foundation emerges the core research problem, which lies in the urgent need to develop and activate legal and regulatory mechanisms to ensure the protection and provision of this right as part of the broader system of human rights. This study seeks to achieve three main objectives: First, to examine the scope and effectiveness of the international legal framework in relation to the human right to a healthy environment. Second, to analyze the development of the recognition of this right within international legal instruments. Third, to clarify the international mechanisms established to safeguard the right to a healthy environment.  This research is based on the analytical method, grounded in the principles of legal analysis, through the examination and interpretation of international treaties related to environmental protection. The study is further supported by the analysis of relevant jurisprudence issued by international courts, in order to identify both the challenges and emerging legal trends concerning the protection of environmental rights as they intersect with international human rights law and international environmental law. Additionally, the study employs the comparative method by evaluating different international legal systems, drawing on reports issued by the United Nations and environmental organizations to assess varying approaches to environmental rights protection.
Additive Manufacturing and How 3D Printing is Fighting COVID-19

This is the fourth installment in the Shelter in Place (SiP) Lecture series. This installment covers the creative ways that 3D printing has supported efforts to combat the pandemic. It covers the basics of what 3D printing is, some of the various creative projects that have used 3D printing to combat the pandemic, among other topics and questions by the pandemic.