ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Human Rights, Native Lands and Environmental Issues: The Demise of Mother Nature and of the Indigenous Peoples of Brazil

The aim of this paper is to analyze the historical trajectory of demarcations of Brazil’s traditional lands, as well as the rights and emergent violence concerning this issue. The choice of this topic is justified by the constant violation of the demarcation rights of indigenous lands, the lag in administrative processes, or judicial decisions and bills that do not acknowledge or hamper these rights, as well as the effects of this oversight on the life and demise of indigenous peoples and on nature. The method used was bibliographical-investigative through the use of data from the Social-environmental Institute, the Indigenous Missionary Council, national and international court of laws and current legislation. First, a reflection on the identitary and personal construction of Amerindians is carried out; followed by an analysis of the development of colonialism in Brazil through its effect on traditional territories and peoples; and, finally, numbers and consequences regarding the life and demise of indigenous peoples and the environment are discussed. State negligence concerning the demarcation of these lands is confirmed, as well as the occurrence of violations and violence towards native peoples, along with scarce environmental protection. There is a need for the evolution and reconstruction of concepts and of the legal framework within a decolonial perspective, in order for the full-fledged recognition of indigenous peoples’ rights to take place.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Its Influence on Ethical Practices in Businesses

CSR, or Corporate Social Responsibility, has become an important part of every organisation in the present times, considering a company's ethics and its interest in society. This study investigates how CSR affects ethical practices in business by exploring the relationships between a company's approach toward various topics related to corporate ethics and its performance. Through a systematic literature review and empirical analysis using proprietary data sets of CSR activities in Australia, we investigate the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance or activity level and ethical behaviors practiced by an organisation, identifying both the costs and benefits of integrating CSR into enterprise strategies. The data was collected using surveys and interviews with business leaders and employees in several sectors, which allowed us to gather comprehensive information regarding the implementation of CSR.
Alignment of air showers produced by ultra-high energy cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger Observatory

We show that the energy-weighted angular (zenith, azimuth) distribution of extensive air showers (EAS), produced by Ultra High Energy (UHE) cosmic rays at the Pierre Auger Observatory (PAO), has a thrust axis almost transverse to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF), with a thrust value $Tp \geq 0.64$ ( where 1.0 means a perfect alignment and 0.5 isotropy). This behavior strongly suggests an effect of the IMF on the charged shower particles, producing additional lateral scattering. We discuss the weakening of the Earth's magnetic field during geomagnetic storms (30\% of observational time) when the IMF becomes preponderant, strengthening the alignment.
Design and Analysis of a Robotic Lizard using Five-Bar Mechanism

Legged robots are being used to explore rough terrains as they are capable of traversing gaps and obstacles. In this paper, a new mechanism is designed to replicate a robotic lizard using integrated five-bar mechanisms. There are two five bar mechanisms from which two more are formed by connecting the links in a particular order. The legs are attached to the links of the five bar mechanism such that, when the mechanism is actuated, they move the robot forward. Position analysis using vector loop approach has been done for the mechanism. A prototype has been built and controlled using servo motors to verify the robotic lizard mechanism.
Benchmark dataset and deep learning method for global tropical cyclone forecasting

Abstract           Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) forecasting is critical for disaster prevention. While deep learning shows promise in weather prediction, existing approaches demonstrate limited accuracy in TC track and intensity forecasting, hindered by the lack of open multimodal datasets and insufficient integration of meteorological knowledge. Here we propose TropiCycloneNet containing TCN               D              - a open multimodal TC dataset spanning six major ocean basins with 70 years of multi-source data, and TCN               M              - an AI-meteorology integrated prediction model including multiple modules such as Generator Chooser Network and Environment-Time Net. Comprehensive evaluations demonstrate that TCN               M              outperforms both existing deep learning methods and official meteorological forecasts across multiple metrics. This advancement stems from synergistic optimization of our meteorologically-informed architecture and the dataset’s comprehensive spatiotemporal coverage. The released resources and method can attract more researchers to the field, thereby accelerating data-driven tropical cyclone prediction research.
Detecting Irregular Orbits in Gravitational N-body Simulations

We present a qualitative diagnostic based on the continuous wavelet transform, for the detection of irregular behavior in time series of particle simulations. We apply the method to three qualitatively different gravitational 3-body encounters. The intrinsic irregular behavior of these encounters is well reproduced by the presented method, and we show that the method accurately identifies the irregular regime in these encounters. We also provide an instantaneous quantification for the degree of irregularity in these simulations. Furthermore we demonstrate how the method can be used to analyze larger systems by applying it to simulations with 100-particles. It turns out that the number of stars on irregular orbits is systematically larger for clusters in which all stars have the same mass compared to a multimass system. The proposed method provides a quick and sufficiently accurate diagnostic for identifying stars on irregular orbits in large scale N-body simulations.
Supplementary Figures S1-S4 from Prediction of Stage, Grade, and Survival in Bladder Cancer Using Genome-wide Expression Data: A Validation Study

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S4.&lt;/p&gt;
CoralVOS: Dataset and Benchmark for Coral Video Segmentation

Coral reefs formulate the most valuable and productive marine ecosystems, providing habitat for many marine species. Coral reef surveying and analysis are currently confined to coral experts who invest substantial effort in generating comprehensive and dependable reports (\emph{e.g.}, coral coverage, population, spatial distribution, \textit{etc}), from the collected survey data. However, performing dense coral analysis based on manual efforts is significantly time-consuming, the existing coral analysis algorithms compromise and opt for performing down-sampling and only conducting sparse point-based coral analysis within selected frames. However, such down-sampling will \textbf{inevitable} introduce the estimation bias or even lead to wrong results. To address this issue, we propose to perform \textbf{dense coral video segmentation}, with no down-sampling involved. Through video object segmentation, we could generate more \textit{reliable} and \textit{in-depth} coral analysis than the existing coral reef analysis algorithms. To boost such dense coral analysis, we propose a large-scale coral video segmentation dataset: \textbf{CoralVOS} as demonstrated in Fig. 1. To the best of our knowledge, our CoralVOS is the first dataset and benchmark supporting dense coral video segmentation. We perform experiments on our CoralVOS dataset, including 6 recent state-of-the-art video object segmentation (VOS) algorithms. We fine-tuned these VOS algorithms on our CoralVOS dataset and achieved observable performance improvement. The results show that there is still great potential for further promoting the segmentation accuracy. The dataset and trained models will be released with the acceptance of this work to foster the coral reef research community.
The Impact of Social Media Bullying on Mental Health in Adolescents

Social media has become very interesting to use in the current digital era to interact and share information efficiently. However, the use of social media has positive and negative impacts on society, especially teenagers. Misuse of social media has negative impacts, such as the rise of bullying cases in adolescents on social media. This study aims to analyze the impact of bullying on social media on teenagers. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative research method with a literature review approach. Secondary data sources include journals, books, online media, and literature reviews. Data analysis in this study uses data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results stated that bullying on social media affects adolescents' mental health. The harmful perpetrators' negative behavior leads to a lack of understanding and awareness to use social media wisely. In this case, the importance of the role of the environment closest to adolescents provides education on behavior in social media and handling for victims of bullying.
Enhancing AlphaFold-Multimer-based Protein Complex Structure Prediction with MULTICOM in CASP15

Abstract         AlphaFold-Multimer has emerged as the state-of-the-art tool for predicting the quaternary structure of protein complexes (assemblies or multimers) since its release in 2021. To further enhance the AlphaFold-Multimer-based complex structure prediction, we developed a new quaternary structure prediction system (MULTICOM) to improve the input fed to AlphaFold-Multimer and evaluate and refine the outputs generated by AlphaFold2-Multimer. Specifically, MULTICOM samples diverse multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) and templates for AlphaFold-Multimer to generate structural models by using both traditional sequence alignments and new Foldseek-based structure alignments, ranks structural models through multiple complementary metrics, and refines the structural models via a Foldseek structure alignment-based refinement method. The MULTICOM system with different implementations was blindly tested in the assembly structure prediction in the 15th Critical Assessment of Techniques for Protein Structure Prediction (CASP15) in 2022 as both server and human predictors. Our server (MULTICOM_qa) ranked 3rd among 26 CASP15 server predictors and our human predictor (MULTICOM_human) ranked 7th among 87 CASP15 server and human predictors. The average TM-score of the first models predicted by MULTICOM_qa for CASP15 assembly targets is ~0.76, 5.3% higher than ~0.72 of the standard AlphaFold-Multimer. The average TM-score of the best of top 5 models predicted by MULTICOM_qa is ~0.80, about 8% higher than ~0.74 of the standard AlphaFold-Multimer. Moreover, the novel Foldseek Structure Alignment-based Model Generation (FSAMG) method based on AlphaFold-Multimer outperforms the widely used sequence alignment-based model generation.
Trainee and Program Director Perceptions of Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Education

Objective. To assess the current state of quality improvement and patient safety (QIPS) education at a large teaching hospital. Methods. We surveyed 429 trainees (138 residents, 291 clinical fellows) and 38 program directors (PDs; 2 were PDs of &gt;1 program) from 39 Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited training programs. Results. Twenty-nine PDs (76.3%) and 259 trainees (60.3%) responded. Most trainees (68.8%) reported participation in projects culminating in scholarly products (39.9%) or clinical innovations (44%). Most PDs reported that teaching (88.9%) and project supervision (83.3%) are performed by expert faculty. Nearly half of the PDs (45.8%) and trainees (49.6%) perceived project-based learning to be of equal value to formal curricula. Compared with trainees, a greater proportion of PDs reported needs for funding for projects, teaching faculty to provide mentorship, and faculty development ( P &lt; .05). Conclusions. Providing additional financial, administrative, and operational support could enhance the value of curricula and projects. Developing expert teaching faculty is paramount.
Corporate Governance and Protection of the Rights of Minority Shareholders in China

The issue of corporate governance in China is examined in this study. We identify several important governance mechanisms for China’s publicly listed companies and construct four sets of variables based on these mechanisms. The variables include measures of ownership structure, the board, managerial incentives, corporate control, and financial transparency. We then create a ranking index for corporate governance (G-index) based on these variables. Finally, we relate the G- ranking index to measures of corporate performance. We find that better-governed companies are associated with higher profitability as measured by ROA and ROE, higher stock market valuation as measured by the ratio of market value and book value of the net asset, and lower market turnover ratio. The results indicate that good corporate governance matters greatly in China’s emerging stock market.
Ethic@, An International journal for Moral Philosophy / Introduction: On the Challenges of Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change

This introduction aimsto describe some fundamentalproblems of intergenerational justice and climate change. It also intends to provide comments on improved versions of some of the best papers presented in the International Meeting “Intergenerational Justice and Climate Change: juridical, moral and political issues” that took placeat Cordoba National University (Argentina), in September 2017. In that meeting, the discussion focused on these topics byconsidering the ideas of the two keynote speakers invited to the event: LukasH. Meyer and Alessandro Pinzani.Idevote the last part of this essay to discuss two pressing issues concerning climate change whose practical solutions challenge our standard understanding of the notion of harm.
Edge Computing in IoT Networks: Enhancing Efficiency, Reducing Latency, and Improving Scalability.

Abstract                   Aoday, the Internet of Things (IoT) is changing fields by allowing interconnected devices to collect, share, and process data. As for traditional IoT networks that depend on centralized cloud computing, they come with high latency, redundant bandwidth consumption and energy inefficiency. This paper examines edge computing and identifies it as an enabling solution to these challenges. This facilitates real-time analytics of larger groups of data from smaller inputs and is the key characteristic of the edge computing model, by processing data closer to the source; edge computing minimizes latency, optimizes bandwidth usage, and enhances scalability. It examines architectural designs, optimization techniques, and practical applications of edge computing. The empirical evidence also shows that edge computing achieves up to 80% latency reduction, compared to the cloud, a bandwidth saving due to the fact that edge computing could process data at the source (thereby reducing data transfer to the cloud), and that edge computing could reduce overhead energy consumption by approximately 90% compared to cloud computing. The solutions proposed include hierarchical architectures, dynamic resource allocation, and integration with the blockchain, tackling challenges such as scalability, security, and energy efficiency. This work concludes that edge computing is a major breakthrough in iot networks and an enabling technology for real-time, efficient and sustainable applications.
Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos: desafios para as políticas de saúde Sexual and reproductive rights: challenges for health policies

São desenvolvidas algumas considerações sobre direitos reprodutivos e direitos sexuais, no sentido de colocar um posicionamento sobre eles na perspectiva transformadora das relações sociais, da luta contra os preconceitos, da garantia do bem-estar e finalmente, da relação entre sexualidade, reprodução e cidadania. Em um segundo momento são feitas algumas reflexões sobre os desafios para uma política de saúde nestes campos, onde são enfatizadas questões como: garantia de recursos, qualidade e quantidade de serviços de saúde que respondam às demandas da população e mudanças culturais que produzam uma nova visão sobre a relação entre profissionais de saúde e usuárias/as, baseadas nos princípios da cidadania: reconhecimento do outro como sujeito dotado de liberdade e igualdade.This article discusses sexual and reproductive rights in the sense of a stance that assumes a perspective of transformations in social relations, the struggle against prejudices, the guarantee of well-being, and finally the relationship between sexuality, reproduction, and citizenship. The article then proceeds to reflect on health policy challenges in these fields, emphasizing such issues as: guaranteed resources, quality and quantity of health services in response to demands by the population, and cultural changes that produce a new view of the relationship between health professionals and health system clients, based on the principles of citizenship: recognition others as entitled to freedom and equality.
Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction: Achievements, Gaps, and Future Directions

Abstract           Bringing together global efforts to enhance the implementation of warnings in managing vulnerabilities, hazards, risks, and disasters is essential to saving lives and for long-term vulnerability reduction. Ten years into the implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR), there has been a renewed focus on warnings following the 2022 announcement by the United Nations Secretary-General of the five-year goal of Early Warnings for All. Delivering on Target G of the SFDRR has subsequently generated significant outcomes, however substantial gaps remain with implementing effective early warning systems (EWS). This article charts the policy evolution of warnings within the UN context and outlines the progress and remaining gaps of EWS in the SFDRR to date. Three key gaps that hinder the effective delivery of SFDRR and beyond are identified: (1) the need for common understanding of warning processes and terminology, such as multi-hazard EWS, and further elucidation of  indicators used to measure and chart progress; (2) the need to mobilize and strengthen existing EWS, many of which are not formally recognized yet do the work of warnings across actors and entities, especially in fragile or resource-poor contexts; and (3) the need to foster collaboration between the multitude of actors and approaches involved in all forms of warnings, including people-centered warnings to address diversity and inclusivity, and integrate top-down and bottom-up approaches across sectors. Significant barriers to working across the numerous silos (institutional, geographical, political, and scientific) must be overcome to generate effective people-centered multi-hazard EWS to support disaster risk reduction in the future. Recommendations on how to fill these gaps in future frameworks are provided, to support people-centered, integrated warnings for all.
A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries

Context. It has been suggested that the cycles of activity of X-ray binaries (XRB) are triggered by a switch in the dominant disk torque responsible for accretion. As the disk accretion rate increases, the disk innermost regions therefore change from a jet-emitting disk (JED) to a standard accretion disk (SAD). Aims. While JEDs have been proven to successfully reproduce X-ray binary hard states, the existence of an outer cold SAD introduces an extra nonlocal cooling term. We investigate the thermal structure and associated spectra of such a hybrid disk configuration. Methods. We use a two-temperature plasma code, allowing for outside-in computation of the disk local thermal equilibrium with self-consistent advection and optically thin-to-thick transitions in both radiation and gas supported regimes. The nonlocal inverse Compton cooling introduced by the external soft photons is computed by the BELM code. Results. This additional cooling term has a profound influence on JED solutions, allowing a smooth temperature transition from the outer SAD to the inner JED. We explore the full parameter space in disk accretion rate and transition radius, and show that the whole domain in X-ray luminosities and hardness ratios covered by standard XRB cycles is well reproduced by such hybrid disk configurations. Precisely, a reasonable combination of these parameters allows us to reproduce the 3–200 keV spectra of each of five canonical XRB states. Along with these X-ray signatures, JED-SAD configurations also naturally account for the radio emission whenever it is observed. Conclusions. By varying only the radial transition radius and the accretion rate, hybrid disk configurations combining an inner JED and an outer SAD are able to simultaneously reproduce the X-ray spectral states and radio emission of X-ray binaries during their outburst. Adjusting these two parameters, it is then possible to reproduce a full cycle. This will be shown in a forthcoming paper.
Collaborative Driving Support System in Mobile Pervasive Environments

The Bluetooth protocol can be used for intervehicle communication equipped with Bluetooth devices. This work investigates the challenges and feasibility of developing intelligent driving system providing timesensitive information about traffic conditions and roadside facilities. The architecture for collaborative vehicle communication system is presented using the concepts of wireless networks and Bluetooth protocol. We discuss how vehicles can form mobile ad-hoc networks and exchange data by the on-board Bluetooth sensors. The key design concepts of the intelligent driving service infrastructure are analyzed showing collaborative fusion of multiple positional data could give a better understanding of the surrounding traffic conditions for collaborative driving. The technical feasibility of using Bluetooth for data exchange among moving vehicles is evaluated.
Dealing with the genetic load in bacterial synthetic biology circuits: convergences with the Ohm's law

Synthetic biology seeks to envision living cells as a matter of engineering. However, increasing evidence suggests that the genetic load imposed by the incorporation of synthetic devices in a living organism introduces a sort of unpredictability in the design process. As a result, individual part characterization is not enough to predict the behavior of designed circuits and thus, a costly trial-error process is eventually required. In this work, we provide a new theoretical framework for the predictive treatment of the genetic load. We mathematically and experimentally demonstrate that dependences among genes follow a quantitatively predictable behavior. Our theory predicts the observed reduction of the expression of a given synthetic gene when an extra genetic load is introduced in the circuit. The theory also explains that such dependence qualitatively differs when the extra load is added either by transcriptional or translational modifications. We finally show that the limitation of the cellular resources for gene expression leads to a mathematical formulation that converges to an expression analogous to the Ohm's law for electric circuits. Similitudes and divergences with this law are outlined. Our work provides a suitable framework with predictive character for the design process of complex genetic devices in synthetic biology.