ethicalabs/Research-Intent-Collab huggingface dataset:
Sovereignty and Territorial Integrity. On the Discourse on Russian Influence on Finnish Statehood

Introduction: paradigms of modern statehood have specific features that reflect the historical, philosophical, legal values of a particular country. Sovereign statehood is largely formed under the political, economic, sociocultural influence of bordering countries, due to geographical predetermination being neighbors throughout all the history of their existence. The territories of these states are often subject to changes in their political and legal belonging. At the same time, the common history of neighboring countries necessitates a search for models of mutual coexistence based on the principles of respect for their value foundations. The study of modern Russian‐Finnish relations determines the politico‐legal discussion about Russia’s influence on the formation of sovereign Finnish statehood, which in recent years has gained newfound relevance in the light of the ongoing transition from a bipolar world order to a multipolar one. Purpose: basing on historical facts, to develop approaches to the understanding of the significant Russian influence on the creation of modern Suomi statehood. Objective: to study the foundations of Finnish statehood in terms of its sovereignty and territorial integrity as reflected in legal documents. Methods: formal legal, comparative legal, historical legal. Results: the paper substantiates the thesis about the unconditional influence of Russia on the formation of modern sovereign Finnish statehood and its territorial integrity. Conclusions: contrary to the point of view, persistently imposed in recent years within colonial discourse, about the tough position of imperial Russia in relation to Finland, the creation of statehood of this country was predetermined by the influence that Russia had exerted over many centuries.
Development of algorithm for classification smoking status from unstructured bilingual electronic health records based on natural language processing (Preprint)

BACKGROUND                         Smoking is a major risk factor and important variable for clinical research, but there are few studies regarding automatic obtainment of smoking classification from unstructured bilingual electronic health records (EHR).                                                                       OBJECTIVE                         We aim to develop an algorithm to classify smoking status based on unstructured EHRs using natural language processing (NLP).                                                                       METHODS                         With acronym replacement and Python package Soynlp, we normalize 4,711 bilingual clinical notes. Each EHR notes was classified into 4 categories: current smokers, past smokers, never smokers, and unknown. Subsequently, SPPMI (Shifted Positive Point Mutual Information) is used to vectorize words in the notes. By calculating cosine similarity between these word vectors, keywords denoting the same smoking status are identified.                                                                       RESULTS                         Compared to other keyword extraction methods (word co-occurrence-, PMI-, and NPMI-based methods), our proposed approach improves keyword extraction precision by as much as 20.0%. These extracted keywords are used in classifying 4 smoking statuses from our bilingual clinical notes. Given an identical SVM classifier, the extracted keywords improve the F1 score by as much as 1.8% compared to those of the unigram and bigram Bag of Words.                                                                       CONCLUSIONS                         Our study shows the potential of SPPMI in classifying smoking status from bilingual, unstructured EHRs. Our current findings show how smoking information can be easily acquired and used for clinical practice and research.
Pengaruh Manajemen Risiko, Corporate Social Responsibility dan Sustainability Report Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Pada Perusahaan Sektor Pertambangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2023)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh manajemen risiko, corporate social responsibility dan sustainability report terhadap nilai perusahaan pada sektor pertambangan tahun 2020 – 2023. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik kuantitatif yang melibatkan perusahaan sektor pertambangan tahun 2020 – 2023. Pengumpulan data ini bersumber dari website resmi perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) atau website Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) yaitu www.idx.co.id . Perusahaan yang menjadi sampel dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria tertentu dengan metode purposive sampling terdapat 34 perusahaan pertambangan yang menjadi sampel dan pada penelitian ini menggunakan SPSS 25 dalam mengelolah data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara manajemen risiko tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan, sedangkan corporate social responsibility dan sustainability report berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai perusahaan .
Pretraining Beats Architecture Benchmark Limits and the Role of Recurrent Depth Transformers in Constrained Molecular Generation

This manuscript presents a controlled benchmark study evaluating recurrent-depth transformers against pretrained language models for constrained molecular generation. Using easy, medium, and hard benchmark settings, the study demonstrates that benchmark difficulty strongly influences conclusions about architectural performance, with pretrained models outperforming architecture-first training under stringent constraints. The findings highlight the importance of robust benchmark design for evaluating AI models in molecular discovery and provide recommendations for future benchmark development. Experimental evaluations are conducted on publicly available molecular datasets, with an emphasis on reproducibility and transparent benchmark methodology.
Cosmic microwave background power spectrum estimation with non-circular beam and incomplete sky coverage

Over the last decade, measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy have spearheaded the remarkable transition of cosmology into a precision science. However, addressing the systematic effects in the increasingly sensitive, high-resolution, 'full' sky measurements from different CMB experiments poses a stiff challenge. The analysis techniques must not only be computationally fast to contend with the huge size of the data, but the higher sensitivity also limits the simplifying assumptions which can then be invoked to achieve the desired speed without compromising the final precision goals. While maximum likelihood is desirable, the enormous computational cost makes the suboptimal method of power spectrum estimation using pseudo-Cl unavoidable for high-resolution data. The debiasing of the pseudo-Cl needs account for non-circular beams, together with non-uniform sky coverage. We provide a (semi)analytic framework to estimate bias in the power spectrum due to the effect of beam non-circularity and non-uniform sky coverage, including incomplete/masked sky maps and scan strategy. The approach is perturbative in the distortion of the beam from non-circularity, allowing for rapid computations when the beam is mildly non-circular. We advocate that it is computationally advantageous to employ 'soft' azimuthally apodized masks whose spherical harmonic transform die down fast with m. We numerically implement our method for non-rotating beams. We present preliminary estimates of the computational cost to evaluate the bias for the upcoming CMB anisotropy probes  (l_(max) ~ 3000) , with angular resolution comparable to the Planck surveyor mission. We further show that this implementation and estimate are applicable for rotating beams on equal declination scans, and can possibly be extended to simple approximations to other scan strategies.
Issues, developments, and challenges in spatial databases and geographic information systems (GIS) (Invited Talk)

An overview is presented of some spatial database issues, developments, and challenges involved in the design of geographic information systems (GIS) from the perspective of a computer scientist. Some of the topics to be discussed include the nature of a GIS and the fuctionalities that are desired in such systems. Representation issues and developments will also be reviewed. The emphasis will be common operations such as finding nearest neighbors, spatial range queries, and distance joins, as well as the integration of spatial and nonspatial data. Some of these concepts will be demonstrated via the aid of the SAND Spatial Browser as well as the VASCO JAVA applet found at (http://www.cs.umd.edu/~hjs/quadtree/index.html).
Managing Complexity with Multiple API Gateways

T he rapid adoption of microservices, cloud-native architectures and distributed application ecosystems has transformed the way organizations design, deploy and manage APIs. Traditionally, a single API gateway has served as the centralized control point for managing API traffic, enforcing security policies and routing requests. However, with the proliferation of multicloud strategies, hybrid infrastructure models, geographically distributed workloads and domain-driven design principles, the one-gateway paradigm often becomes a limiting factor. A single point of control can introduce performance bottlenecks, limit fault isolation and hinder the adoption of diverse technology stacks tailored to specific business units or compliance zones. This shift has driven enterprises toward multi-gateway architectures, where different API gateways operate in parallel to handle varied performance requirements, regulatory constraints and architectural patterns.
Antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship program: Need of the hour

Abstract:           Appropriate antibiotic prescribing and stewardship techniques must be developed to support logical therapy and avoid the unintended effects of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). To combat resistance and safeguard global health, this review emphasizes the scope and ramifications of AMR as well as the significance and implications of the AMSP. The worldwide public health is being threatened by AMR. Because of the increased strain on health care, it raises morbidity and mortality and is linked to significant economic expenses. The clinical and financial consequences of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are also significantly impacted. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic’s increasing indiscriminate use of antibiotics would heighten microbial resistance and ultimately result in more and more deaths. This study emphasizes the scope and effects of AMR, as well as the significance and ramifications of a program for antimicrobial stewardship to combat antimicrobial resistance and safeguard global public health. The goal of the antimicrobial stewardship program (AMSP) is a system-wide healthcare approach to safeguard public health while simultaneously promoting, enhancing, monitoring, and evaluating the prudent use of antibiotics to maintain their efficacy in the future. AMSP uses evidence-based programs to promote the proper use of antibiotics with great success. To handle the growing threat of AMR, a comprehensive and multisectoral approach known as “One Health” is also required. AMR containment and mitigation depend heavily on AMSP methods, tenets, and interventions. The public’s knowledge of AMR, health professionals’ education, vaccination schedules, and the “One Health” approach must all be guided by evidence-based policy.
Promoting anti-corruption, transparency and accountability in the recruitment and promotion of health workers to safeguard health outcomes

Background: Human Resources for Health are a core building block of a health system, playing a crucial role in improving health outcomes. While the existing literature has examined various forms of corruption that affect the health sector, few articles have examined the role and impact of corruption in the recruitment and promotion of health-workers.Objectives: This study reviews the role of corrupt practices such as nepotism, bribery and sextortion in health-worker recruitment and promotion and their implications for health systems.Methods: The study is based on an interdisciplinary non-systematic review of peer-reviewed journal articles in the public health/medicine and political science literature, complemented with the 'grey' literature such as technical reports and working papers.Results: Political and personal ties, rather than merit are often factors in the recruitment and promotion of health-workers in many countries. This results in the employment or promotion of poorly qualified or unsuitable workers, with negative implications for health outcomes.Conclusion: Corrupt practices in health-worker recruitment and promotion 'set the tone' for other forms of corruption such as absenteeism, embezzlement, theft and bid-rigging to flourish, as those recruited corruptly can collude for nefarious purposes. On the other hand, merit-based recruitment is important for curbing corruption. Corrupt recruitment practices have deleterious effects on health-worker motivation and retention, quality and competency, citizens' trust in health services and health outcomes. Whereas international law and policy such as the United Nations Convention Against Corruption and the WHO Handbook on Monitoring and Evaluation of Human Resources for Health state that recruitment of public officers and health workers respectively should be done in a transparent and accountable manner, more research is needed to inform policies on merit-based recruitment.
Development of a biological control‐based Integrated Pest Management method for<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>for protected sweet pepper crops

AbstractThe tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaciGennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is a key pest in commercial sweet pepper crops in southeast Spain. Its biological control is currently based on augmentative introductions of the parasitic waspEretmocerus mundusMercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), which need to be occasionally supplemented with pesticide applications. These pesticides can be harmful for the biological control agents. Therefore, it is important to improve the current strategy by reducing dependency on pesticides. Two potential solutions are conceivable: addition of another effective biocontrol agent or application of pesticide prior to the release of biocontrol agents. The mirid bugNesidiocoris tenuisReuter (Heteroptera: Miridae) and the predatory miteAmblyseius swirskiiAthias‐Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are promising candidates as additional biocontrol agents. The aim of the present study was to test these possible solutions in two subsequent trials, i.e., a ‘selection’ and an ‘improvement’ experiment. In the selection experiment, four treatments were compared:E. mundus,N. tenuis + E. mundus,A. swirskii + E. mundus, andA. swirskii + N. tenuis + E. mundus.Amblyseius swirskiiappeared able to significantly increase effectiveness against the pest, in contrast toN. tenuis,which did not contribute to whitefly control. The best strategy was the combination ofE. mundusandA. swirskii. In the improvement experiment, three treatments were compared:E. mundus,A. swirskii + E. mundus, andA. swirskii + E. mundus + pesticides.Amblyseius swirskiiagain proved capable of significantly reducing whitefly populations, and the implementation of pesticides before the release of the biocontrol agents was shown to increase the effectiveness against the pest even more.
Racial discrimination, the law and equal access in maternity care

Although there is no scientific basis for dividing people into racial groups, discrimination on the basis of ‘race’ is widespread. This article looks at ways of combatting racism within the maternity services and beyond.
Judicial Independence and Reformation of the Collegium System: Evaluating the Njac Judgement and Foreign Judicial Appointment Systems

The National Judicial Appointments Commission, introduced by the 99th constitutional amendment, was struck down by the Supreme Court of India while the collegium system was upheld. The basic structure doctrine of the independence of the judiciary was contested to be violated by the amendment, and the striking down of the amendment ensured that judicial supremacy was protected. Yet, India is the only country where the spirit of democracy is of utmost importance. Still, the judges are appointed by fellow judges in the current practice of the collegium system.  In this research article, the researcher will evaluate the dissenting view of Justice Chelameswar in the NJAC judgement and tackle the issue of the need for reformation of the collegium system to make it more transparent and democratic. The article will also deal with a comparative analysis of the Indian judicial appointment setup and the setup of judicial appointments in foreign countries like the USA, UK, France, Australia and Canada to formulate recommendations for reformation in the Indian setup.
Advancing dermoscopy through a synthetic hair benchmark dataset and deep learning-based hair removal

Significance: Early detection of melanoma is crucial for improving patient outcomes, and dermoscopy is a critical tool for this purpose. However, hair presence in dermoscopic images can obscure important features, complicating the diagnostic process. Enhancing image clarity by removing hair without compromising lesion integrity can significantly aid dermatologists in accurate melanoma detection. Aim: We aim to develop a novel synthetic hair dermoscopic image dataset and a deep learning model specifically designed for hair removal in melanoma dermoscopy images. Approach: To address the challenge of hair in dermoscopic images, we created a comprehensive synthetic hair dataset that simulates various hair types and dimensions over melanoma lesions. We then designed a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model that focuses on effective hair removal while preserving the integrity of the melanoma lesions. Results: The CNN-based model demonstrated significant improvements in the clarity and diagnostic utility of dermoscopic images. The enhanced images provided by our model offer a valuable tool for the dermatological community, aiding in more accurate and efficient melanoma detection. Conclusions: The introduction of our synthetic hair dermoscopic image dataset and CNN-based model represents a significant advancement in medical image analysis for melanoma detection. By effectively removing hair from dermoscopic images while preserving lesion details, our approach enhances diagnostic accuracy and supports early melanoma detection efforts.
Self-supervised Contrastive Cross-Modality Representation Learning for Spoken Question Answering

Spoken question answering (SQA) requires fine-grained understanding of both spoken documents and questions for the optimal answer prediction.In this paper, we propose novel training schemes for spoken question answering with a self-supervised training stage and a contrastive representation learning stage.In the self-supervised stage, we propose three auxiliary self-supervised tasks, including utterance restoration, utterance insertion, and question discrimination, and jointly train the model to capture consistency and coherence among speech documents without any additional data or annotations.We then propose to learn noise-invariant utterance representations in a contrastive objective by adopting multiple augmentation strategies, including span deletion and span substitution.Besides, we design a Temporal-Alignment attention to semantically align the speech-text clues in the learned common space and benefit the SQA tasks.By this means, the training schemes can more effectively guide the generation model to predict more proper answers.Experimental results show that our model achieves state-ofthe-art results on three SQA benchmarks.
Timing of specialized palliative care integration and its impact on quality of end-of-life care indicators among Latin American cancer patients.

e24168  Background: Prior studies have shown that specialized palliative care (SPC), when integrated early during the disease trajectory, improves the quality of end-of-life care among advanced cancer patients. However, those studies were conducted in large academic cancer centers in developed countries, where the availability of human and structural SPC resources is extensive. Little is known about how the timing of SPC may affect end-of-life quality care indicators in other settings of the globe. We aimed to examine the timing of SPC over a 4-year period and how it was associated with ASCO end-of-life quality care indicators. Methods: Retrospective cohort study of all adult cancer patients referred to the SPC team and who died at Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil, between April 2017 and April 2021.Data onpatient demographics, clinical characteristics, timing of SPC integration as measured as the median interval between first SPC consult to death (SPC1-D), and ASCO end-of-life quality care indicators were retrieved. Results: Among 292 deceased cancer patients (52% female; median age = 67; 70% ECOG ≥3), the median SPC1-D interval was 24 days. There was a decrease in SPC1-D interval in the pandemic years (April 2017 through March 2018 = 27 days; April 2018 through March 2019 = 39 days; April 2019 through March 2020 = 23 days; April 2020 through April 2021 = 15 days; p = .02). 164 (56%) had an SPC1 &lt; 30 days before death. Patients who had an SPC1 &gt; 30 days before death were less likely to receive chemo and targeted therapy within the last 30 days of life (Table 1). Conclusions: Integration of SPC occurred late, especially during the pandemic years. Nevertheless, earlier SPC1 improved treatment aggressiveness in end-of-life. Further efforts are needed to enhance early SPC referrals in resource-limited settings.[Table: see text]
Can communication by the government improve trust and reduce risk perception?

The question addressed in this research is: Does a higher level of government risk communication regarding the location policy of risk facilities increase the public’s trust in the government and r...
The Relationship Between Social Media Use and Mental Health Among Adolescents at SMP Negeri 11, Kupang

Background &amp; Objectives: The advancement of information and communication technologies, especially social media, has significantly impacted daily life, particularly among adolescents. This age group is particularly vulnerable to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, and stress due to excessive social media use. This study aims to investigate the relationship between social media use and mental health among adolescents at SMP Negeri 11 Kupang.  Methods: This quantitative research adopts a cross-sectional design. The population consists of all students at SMP Negeri 11 Kupang. A sample of 100 students was randomly selected. Data was collected via questionnaires that assessed the frequency and intensity of social media use, as well as mental health indicators (anxiety, depression, stress). Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, specifically Pearson correlation tests.  Results: There is a significant relationship between the frequency and duration of social media use and levels of anxiety, depression, and stress in students. Sixty percent of students who use social media for more than 4 hours a day show higher levels of mental health symptoms compared to those who use it less than 2 hours per day.  Conclusion: Excessive social media use has a negative impact on adolescent mental health. Therefore, it is necessary to provide education and supervision from both parents and schools on the healthy and wise use of social media.