ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Head Teacher as an Instructional Leader in School
Author: Hussain Ch., Abid
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Instructional Leadership,Teacher Attitudes,Secondary School Teachers,Teacher Administrator Relationship,Administrator Role,Gender Differences,Art Teachers,Science Teachers,Teacher Qualifications,Foreign Countries

Instructional leadership has become one of the most widely researched topics. This type of leadership has been connected to teacher growth and development, teacher job satisfaction, student achievement, and improving school climate in general. The objective of the study included to determine the role played by head teachers as an instructional leaders in schools through the perceptions of teachers. To achieve this purpose descriptive research method was used. The study was quantitative and survey type in nature. The sample consisted of 200 secondary school teachers. The data were collected from teachers by using a self-developed questionnaire. The data were analyzed by using different descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings of the study indicated that head teachers support creativity, innovation and practice of new skills in the classroom. They also praised to those teachers who use creativity in classrooms to enhance the learning of students. They held meetings with teachers to discuss the students' performance and solve the problems of teachers as an instructional leaders. It is recommended that head teachers may be trained that they can use new innovative methods and ideas to discuss with teachers and they help out the teachers to make the dull topics interesting. Head teachers may be motivated to teachers by giving different incentives in the shape of awards for bringing innovation in school.
Higher Education as a Predictor of Employment: The World of Work Perspective
Author: Ali, Muhammad Shabbir
Date: 2018-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Higher Education,Outcomes of Education,Predictor Variables,Employment Potential,Employment Patterns,Education Work Relationship,College Graduates,Foreign Countries,Student Attitudes,Role of Education,Job Placement

The main objectives of this study were to explore the common perception of students about their education for their practical lives, investigate the relationship between higher education and employment, and the extent higher education predicts employment for students. Number of participants were 1210 which were divided into two groups i.e. current students and previous students, and were accessible as sample from public universities in Punjab. The collected data were analyzed through statistical techniques of multiple regression, correlation, t-test, and ANOVA. The results of this study revealed that most of the respondents strongly agreed with the view that higher education is for world of work. The relationship between higher education and employment found significantly positive and it was evident that higher education strongly affects and applied as predictor of employment. On the bases of these findings, it was suggested that Educational ministry must engage its strength for the expansion of higher education and encouragement of proper structural reforms in employment directions. Career guidance and services to search employment inside institutions should be provided to the students for the sake of saving their energies with long time of searching job. Students of postgraduate level should be given more opportunities for placement of work with employment experience.
Prediction of Students&apos; Academic Performance Using Artificial Neural Network
Author: Ahmad, Zahoor
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Academic Achievement,Prediction,Artificial Intelligence,Undergraduate Students,Graduate Students,Foreign Countries,At Risk Students,Social Sciences,Grade Point Average

Universities play a remarkable role in the development of a country by producing skilled graduates for the country. Graduation rate is low as compared to the enrollment rate in the higher education institutions. Academic failure is main reason for non-degree completion. Students' retention and high academic performance are significant for students, academic and administrative staff of universities. In this paper, our objective is to Predict the chance of students being at risk (AR) or not 'Not at risk' (NAR) with respect to their degree. Population of study consisted of all students of social sciences studying in 4th semester and they enrolled in 2007 session of BS and MA/MSc program at University of Gujrat Hafiz Hayat Campus. By using stratified sampling with proportional allocation method, a sample of 300 students was selected. We have used Multilayer Perception Neural Network Model to predict the chance of students being at risk (AR) or not 'Not at risk' (NAR) with respect to their degree on the basis of CGPA at the end of 2nd semester, Study time. Previous degree marks, Home environment, Study habits Learning skills, Hardworking and Academic interaction. In classifying the students at risk/not at risk, we could achieve a rate of correct classification of over 95% in training sample and over 85% in holdout sample. The estimated models can be used to predict the students being at risk or not with respect to their degree.
Relationship between Pareto Principle and Employees&apos; Compensation: How It Fascinates, Retains and Rewards Executives?
Author: Khan, Ayaz Muhammad
Date: 2018-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Public Colleges,Private Colleges,Compensation (Remuneration),Labor Economics,Microeconomics,Administrators,College Faculty

The foremost purpose of the paper was to explore the relationship between the Pareto Principle and employees' compensation. The study was quantitative and 330 leaders were surveyed at the public and private universities of Lahore District. The instrument consisted of 52 items with the Cronbach alpha of 0.94 was used to collect data from the leader regarding the Pareto Principle and employees' compensation.Through multistage sampling technique, 330 top and middle-level leaders participated in the survey. The results of the survey revealed a significant positive association (r=0.876) between Pareto law and employee compensation.
Leadership Styles of the Campus Principals and Divisional Directors in a Public University of Pakistan
Author: Amin, Muhammad
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Leadership Styles,Principals,Administrators,Public Colleges,Foreign Countries,College Faculty,Questionnaires,Transformational Leadership,Free Enterprise System,Leadership Effectiveness

The purpose of the study is to identify the leadership styles (transformational, transactional and laissez-faire) of the campus principals/divisional directors of a public university in Pakistan. This research adopted quantitative approach to conduct the study and accordingly it falls in post positivism paradigm philosophically. The study is descriptive in its specific nature. The study adopted a survey approach, and all the 287 faculty members of the university were included in the sample to collate quantitative data through Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ). Data analysis has been done by using mean, standard deviation and &quot;t&quot;-test (1-tailed). The findings suggest that the transformational leadership style is comparatively being more often exercised by the leaders, followed by the transactional leadership style, while the laissez-faire leadership style is the least practiced. In comparison to all nine dimensions of the three leadership styles, inspirational motivation with the highest mean is the key leadership dimension practiced by the leaders. Idealized influence (behavior) and management-by-exception (active) dimensions also play a pivotal role in shaping the leadership style of the leaders.
Classroom Practice and the Quality of Teaching: Where a Nation Is Going?
Author: Tee, Meng Yew
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Quality,Foreign Countries,Classroom Techniques,Secondary School Teachers,Video Technology,Public Policy,Teaching Methods,Curriculum Implementation,Educational Change,Instructional Effectiveness

This article reports the findings on classroom practice in Malaysia, as the nation attempts to transform the education system to better prepare children for the 21st Century. The goal of the study is to describe an overview of classroom practice in Malaysia, to provide essential empirical data to inform discussions in one of the most important areas in education -- what happens in the classroom in relation to national aspirations, policies and practices. A random sampling of 24 secondary schools from across the country led to a sample size of 140 teachers. Lessons facilitated by these teachers were video recorded and analysed. The findings revealed that classroom practice was largely the same throughout the country, and lacked the kinds of activities widely associated with creating engaging and thinking classrooms. Systemic issues and possible ways forward are discussed in light of these findings.
Education in the &apos;New Society&apos; and the Philippine Labour Export Policy (1972-1986)
Author: Maca, Mark
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Income,Labor,Overseas Employment,History,Correlation,Public Policy,Policy Analysis,Educational Policy,Governance,Educational Change,Educational Finance,Economic Development,Skilled Workers,Foreign Countries,Educational Development,International Relations,History Instruction,Civics,Educational History,Vocational Education,Technical Education,Foreign Policy

The 'overseas Filipino workers' (OFWs) are the largest source of US dollar income in the Philippines. These state-sponsored labour migrations have resulted in an exodus of workers and professionals that now amounts to approximately 10% of the entire country's population. From a temporary and seasonal employment strategy during the early American colonial period, labour export has become a cornerstone of the country's development policy. This was institutionalised under the Marcos regime (1965-1986), and especially in the early years of the martial law period (1972-81), and maintained by successive governments thereafter. Within this context, this paper investigates the relationship between Marcos' 'New Society' agenda, the globalization of migrant labour, and state sponsorship of labour exports. In particular, it analyses the significance of attempts made to deploy education policy and educational institutions to facilitate the state's labour export drive. Evidence analyzed in this paper suggests that sweeping reforms covering curricular policies, education governance and funding were implemented, ostensibly in support of national development. However, these measures ultimately did little to boost domestic economic development. Instead, they set the stage for the education system to continue training and certifying Filipino skilled labour for global export -- a pattern that has continued to this day.
The Symbolic Capital and Expanding Roles of English: A Study of L2 Attitudes in a Pakistani EFL Context
Author: Islam, Muhammad
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Student Attitudes,Undergraduate Students,Cultural Influences,Social Influences,Language Usage

Despite relatively lesser number of native speakers, English carries an enormous symbolic capital in Pakistan. Therefore, it seems necessary to see how young Pakistanis envision the role of English in their individual and collective lives. This study aims to explore the attitudes of a sample of Pakistani learners towards the expanding national and global roles of English in the contemporary world. In addition, the study also investigates the socio-cultural and contextual factors that shape their views about English language. The study is qualitative in nature. Twenty semi-structured interviews of Pakistani undergraduate EFL learners were conducted to get an in-depth data about their linguistic attitudes. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal that Pakistani learners, overall, reveal an ambivalent attitude towards English and its culture. However, they seem to have internalized the socio-educational roles of English in their lives. The findings also indicate the symbolic capital and linguistic imperialism of English as participants consider its knowledge necessary for socio-economic uplift in the contemporary world including Pakistan. Policy makers and academicians can use the findings of this study to analyse the possible effects of English on the roles of local languages, especially, in Pakistani educational settings.
Effect of Fishbowl Activity on the Academic Achievements of Secondary School Students
Author: Akbar, Eid
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Cooperative Learning,Academic Achievement,Grade 9,High School Students,Lecture Method,Teaching Methods,Instructional Effectiveness,Achievement Gains,Group Dynamics

This experimental study was intended to investigate the effect of collaborative learning technique; fishbowl on the academic success of students studying in a secondary school. A pre-test post-test equivalent group design was employed. The objectives of the study were; (i) to explore the effects of collaborative learning technique, fishbowl, on the academic achievement of the students in the subject of Pakistan Studies; (ii) to explore the differences between the scores of both the control and experimental groups on pre-test and post-test. For achieving these objectives, null hypotheses were formulated and tested. The 281284 secondary school students in Khyber Pukhtunkhwa constituted the population of this experimental study. Sixty eight 9th grade students of Government High School No.1, Nowshera Kalan were taken as a sample for the study. These students were divided into two groups - control and experimental - on the bases of pre-test scores. For this purpose, convenience sampling technique was applied. Students in the control group were instructed through conventional learning activities (lecture method) in the classroom, while students in the experimental group were given treatment of collaborative learning. Data were collected through pre-test, and post-test. The statistical techniques; mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA were use in the data analysis process. The major findings were found as under; (1) Collaborative learning activity (fishbowl) improved the academic achievement of participants (2) the retention level of the students who learn collaboratively was better than those who learn through traditional learning methods.
The Continuous Professional Development of School Principals: Current Practices in Pakistan
Author: Nasreen, Abida
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Professional Continuing Education,Principals,Educational Practices,Foreign Countries,Educational Change,Faculty Development,Secondary Schools,Instructional Leadership

Schools in Pakistan are going through a period of transformation and reform. In line with these reforms, the National Education Policy has advocated the importance of establishing ongoing professional development for principals. The main focus of this study was to explore the current practices of Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and the obstacles that they have to face in the pursuit of CPD. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were utilized. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with 30 randomly selected secondary school principals from Lahore (Punjab, Pakistan). The findings identify the areas for improvement in terms of design related to content and process. The data revealed that the principals were not satisfied with the current CPD opportunities and the content of the training programmes. In addition, the principals reported a number of constraints that they encountered in their pursuit of CPD, relating to time, finance and workload. This research provides distinctive findings that can inform the development of CPD programmes for school principals in order to improve the quality of their leadership keeping in mind both the old problems and the new realities faced by the school leaders. This research work can also equip the school leadership with the most recent data, thus enabling them to understand and consider the current situation when making decisions for the future. In recent years, the position of school principal has become a multilayered responsibility and this study may provide an insight into the dynamics of school principals' continuous professional development in a period of educational transformation and reform.
An Investigation of Attitudes towards the Research Activities of University Teachers
Author: Khan, Shafqat
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Faculty,Teacher Researchers,Teacher Attitudes,Incentives,Interests,Anxiety,Foreign Countries,Rewards,Tenure,Teacher Promotion

The purpose of this analytical descriptive study was to investigate the attitudes of university teachers towards their research activities. Faculty of the public sector general universities of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa was the population of the study. Stratified random sampling was used to select a sample of 240 faculty members from six randomly selected universities. An attitude scale based on five point Likert technique was developed with the help of experts and related literature. Validity of the instrument was ensured by consulting experienced professors and experts in the field. Reliability coefficient of the scale was 0.76. Items of the rating scale were classified into six domains - research orientation, rewards influence research, personal interest, mission of university, research use, and research anxiety. For analysis, different statistical tools such as mean ratings, chi-square (x[superscript 2]), &quot;Pearson&quot; values, and one way analysis of variance (F test) were employed. University teachers showed positive attitudes towards research. Incentives played pivotal role in enhancing interest in scholarly activities. Research anxiety did not hamper intellectual activities of the faculty though significant number of the sample considered research stressful.
An Analysis of Government Primary Schools&apos; Characteristics Influencing Student Achievement in Northern Sindh
Author: Hussain, Shahid
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,State Schools,Elementary Schools,Institutional Characteristics,Academic Achievement,Elementary School Students,Standardized Tests,Achievement Tests,Science Tests,Mathematics Tests,Science Instruction,Mathematics Instruction

The study aimed to measure the characteristics of government primary schools and to evaluate class IV students' performance in mathematics and science standardized achievement tests. Three instruments were used to collect data from fifty- five government primary schools of district Sukkur. Data were analyzed for frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation. Tests were administered to 1073 students. The overall students mean score was found 31.68 and standard deviation 10.32. The mean score in science was 32.55% and in mathematics 31.46%. Based on the percentage mean score of Science and Mathematics, schools were categorized accordingly. Schools where students' performance was satisfactory in tests were found to have more capacity in terms of availability of physical facilities, teaching resources, level of professional support, teachers' and head teachers' own professional commitment. Schools, where students' performance was unsatisfactory, a few of the inhibiting factors were evidenced. In the light of the findings, the study has made several recommendations for the improvement of the quality of education in primary schools.
Alignment between Mathematics Curriculum and Textbook of Grade VIII in Punjab
Author: Hashmi, Aroona
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Mathematics Curriculum,Mathematics Instruction,Alignment (Education),Textbooks,Grade 8,National Curriculum,Textbook Content

The curriculum document is considered to be the road map for the attainment of the national goals. For this purpose, the text books are developed in such a way that the contents presented in the books are aligned with curriculum document. The study was aimed to align the textbook of Mathematics (grade VIII) with reference to National Curriculum 2006 for Mathematics I-XII and Bloom's taxonomy in Punjab. This study was qualitative in nature. The alignment level was measured through Surveys of Enacted Curriculum method [SEC].The content analysis protocol was developed by reviewing the literature, National Curriculum 2006 for Mathematics and Mathematics text book developed by Punjab curriculum and Textbook Board [PCTB]. The content analysis protocol was validated in the light of opinions from two curriculum specialist and two assessment experts. The outcomes of the study revealed that the textbook of Mathematics at grade VIII was not properly developed, as instructions were stated in the National Curriculum for Mathematics (2006). There were so many gaps found between the students learning outcomes as mentioned in the Curriculum and the content (units of the book). The study suggests that curriculum needs to be revised and continuous evaluation is required to maintain the standards of the Curriculum
A Comparative Study Regarding Teachers&apos; Morale among Public and Private Schools at Secondary Level in Peshawar
Author: Miraj, Sajida
Date: 2018-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Morale,Foreign Countries,Teaching Conditions,Public Schools,Private Schools,Teacher Salaries,Job Security,Teacher Persistence,Secondary School Teachers,Leadership Responsibility,Standards,Guidelines,Job Satisfaction,Incentives,Interpersonal Relationship

The study was designed to investigate the factors affecting teachers' morale in public and private schools such as salary, working condition, job security, working hours, etc. Purpose of the study was to point out the factors that affect the professionalism and level of commitment with respect to teacher's morale. Data for the study were collected from randomly selected six secondary schools in KP Province, University Town Peshawar, i.e. three public and three private schools. A sample of 30 teachers was selected from these schools, i.e. 15 teachers from each sector. Questionnaire was used as an instrument, which included 18 questions related to teacher morale. The researchers personally visited each school for the collection of data. It was a visible confirmation that strong leadership, coupled with clear guidelines, rules, consequences and loving support, were considered as key factors for raising teacher morale and improving school environment. The study found that 75% teachers' morale was very high and 80% of teachers were satisfied with their job, while the issue of teachers' salary was found to be the main cause of low morale. The study concluded that the teachers of both sectors have the same and high level of morale. It is recommended that teachers' quality can be improved simply by creating an awareness and recognition of morale in these schools. Incentives for the teachers may be increased with the introduction of rewards and punishment.