ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Who Sinned? Parents' Knowledge of the Causes of Disability in Tanzania
Author: Tungaraza, Frida D.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Disabilities,Primary Education,Foreign Countries,Poverty,Etiology,Knowledge Level,Parents,Children,Interviews,Personal Narratives,Observation,Diseases,Educational Attainment,Family Income,Health Behavior,Correlation,Pollution,Public Health

This study aimed at finding out from parents what they knew to be the causes of their children's disabilities. One hundred and twenty six parents from four regions, namely Dar es Salaam, Dodoma, Kilimanjaro and Morogoro were involved in this study. Data was collected through interview, narratives and observation. It was obvious from the findings that diseases were the major causes of disabilities. Malaria was mentioned by parents as the leading cause of disability. Many of the parents had only primary education and the majority of them (84.92%) had no reliable income. From the background of the parents, it was evident that disability is a cause as well as consequence of poverty. It was not easy to say for sure &quot;who sinned&quot;, but it was starkly evident that most of the problems stemmed from poverty, though ignorance and beliefs might have played a role in some cases. (Contains 3 tables.)
Influence of Learning Styles on Graphical User Interface Preferences for e-Learners
Author: Dedic, Velimir
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Computer Interfaces,Computer Science Education,Programming,Correlation,Questionnaires,Statistical Analysis,Gender Differences,Preferences,Professional Continuing Education,Cognitive Style,Electronic Learning,Distance Education,Instructional Design,Web Based Instruction,Integrated Learning Systems,Adult Students

Implementing Web-based educational environment requires not only developing appropriate architectures, but also incorporating human factors considerations. User interface becomes the major channel to convey information in e-learning context: a well-designed and friendly enough interface is thus the key element in helping users to get the best results quickly. Interface settings will affect the quality of students learning that accommodates their needs in terms of personalizing the content, structure, and presentation. This paper investigates the importance of a certain choice offered: if several graphical user interface designs are offered to distance learning students of known learning styles, should we find any preferences? We have found that learner's preference towards a specific GUI is not correlated to any particular learning style. We, did however, find that a fact of having any preference towards a GUI is associated with AC score of Kolb's model. (Contains 12 tables and 4 figures.)
Learning Design Implementation for Distance e-Learning: Blending Rapid e-Learning Techniques with Activity-Based Pedagogies to Design and Implement a Socio-Constructivist Environment
Author: Santally, Mohammad Issack
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Electronic Learning,Distance Education,Internet,Video Technology,Instructional Design,Multimedia Materials,Web Based Instruction,Courseware,Interactive Video,Instructional Development,Instructional Materials,Educational Technology,Electronic Publishing,Books,Integrated Learning Systems,Open Source Technology,Educational Principles,College Students,College Instruction,Case Studies,Models,Constructivism (Learning),Taxonomy,Active Learning,Class Activities

This paper discusses how modern technologies are changing the teacher-student-content relationships from the conception to the delivery of so-called &quot;distance&quot; education courses. The concept of Distance Education has greatly evolved in the digital era of 21st Century. With the widespread use and access to the Internet, exponential growth has been experienced in the field of multimedia and web technologies. These developments have greatly reduced the significance of the term &quot;distance&quot; in Distance Education. Consequently, the term distance stands as a paradox in the globalised networked environments. As a result with new communication and collaboration tools, and possibilities to disseminate high quality audio, video and interactive materials over the information superhighway, the educational design process of distance education materials has new perspectives to explore in order to improve and even re-engineer the overall &quot;distance&quot; teaching and learning concept. This paper looks at how the educational design process changes with technology and provides a few examples of how modern tools and techniques are being used and implemented to design high quality (socio)-constructivist learning environments. It proposes an integrated model for learning design supported by implemented case-studies in the context of learning transformation processes that are ongoing at the University of Mauritius. The aim is to demonstrate how the blending of innovative technologies and pedagogies can result in high quality constructive learning experiences that eliminate the &quot;distance&quot; paradox in so-called distance learning environments. (Contains 13 figures.)
The Challenge of Developing a Universal Case Conceptualization for Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Author: Bonow, Jordan T.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Quality of Life,Interpersonal Competence,Psychotherapy,Counseling Techniques,Interpersonal Relationship,Counselor Client Relationship,Guidelines,Goal Orientation,Behavior Change

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) targets a client's interpersonal behavior for change with the goal of improving his or her quality of life. One question guiding FAP case conceptualization is, "What interpersonal behavioral repertoires will allow a specific client to function optimally?" Previous FAP writings have suggested that a therapist must consider two issues when answering this question: (1) the client's values and (2) the interpersonal behaviors that will be supported by the client's social community. This paper discusses the potential for a single "universal" case conceptualization that can be successfully used with all FAP clients. A number of possible universal conceptualizations are reviewed but ultimately rejected as legitimate candidates. As an alternative, the authors suggest the use of a foundational framework for FAP case conceptualization focused on developing goal-directed interpersonal flexibility in clients. This framework has the benefits of: (1) identifying target repertoires that may be necessary but are not sufficient for the successful interpersonal functioning of all clients, (2) allowing for a functional, principle-based conceptualization of a client's specific target behaviors, and (3) encouraging consideration of a client's unique values and social community. (Contains 12 footnotes.)
Interpersonal Mindfulness Informed by Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Findings from a Pilot Randomized Trial
Author: Bowen, Sarah
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intervention,Pilot Projects,Psychotherapy,Intimacy,Control Groups,Metacognition,Undergraduate Students,Interpersonal Relationship,Counselor Client Relationship,Behavior Change,Outcomes of Treatment

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP; Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991) aims to improve interpersonal relationships through skills intended to increase closeness and connection. The current trial assessed a brief mindfulness-based intervention informed by FAP, in which an interpersonal element was added to a traditional intrapersonal mindfulness practice. Undergraduate students (N=104) were randomly assigned to a basic intrapersonal meditation, the same meditation with the addition of a FAP-informed interpersonally-based exercise, or a control group. Follow-up assessments were given at post-intervention, and 48 hours and 2 weeks. Results indicated that for those in the interpersonal group, self-reported connectedness with others in the room increased, and experiential avoidance decreased. However, there were no significant changes in general connectedness with others, mindfulness or intimacy. Future studies might increase the length and depth of this intervention, and assess clinical benefits of adding an interpersonal element to mindfulness based interventions. (Contains 2 tables.)
An Empirical Model of Body Image Disturbance Using Behavioral Principles Found in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
Author: Callaghan, Glenn M.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Psychopathology,Self Concept,Emotional Disturbances,Psychotherapy,Etiology,Counselor Client Relationship,Human Body,Interpersonal Relationship,Emotional Response,Correlation,Intervention,Behavior Modification

The literature examining body image disturbance and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is fraught with competing theoretical constructions of the etiology and nosology of these problems. Recent studies on various forms of psychopathology suggest that intrapersonal processes, including experiential avoidance, and interpersonal processes such as difficulties identifying and expressing emotions with others, correlate with higher levels of psychopathology. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of body image disturbance and diagnosable BDD to the contemporary behavioral variables of experiential avoidance and interpersonal expression of affect. A large sample of participants including those who are diagnosable with BDD were examined. Results indicate that both intrapersonal and interpersonal variables are significant predictors of both body image disturbance in a large population and of BDD as a subsample and that these variables may be important targets for treatment. This principle-based conceptualization has parsimony and potential utility for clinical interventions of these problems. Implications are discussed for the use of contemporary behavioral treatments such as Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to address both body image disturbance and BDD. (Contains 5 tables.)
Promoting Appropriate Behavior in Daily Life Contexts Using Functional Analytic Psychotherapy in Early-Adolescent Children
Author: Cattivelli, Roberto
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Interpersonal Competence,Psychotherapy,Behavior Change,Daily Living Skills,Early Adolescents,Functional Behavioral Assessment,Intervention,Outcomes of Treatment,Anxiety,Behavior Problems

The topics of social skills development in adolescents and ways to promote this process have been amply investigated in both the clinical and educational literature. Yet, although this line of research has led to the development of many different approaches for this population, most have shown little effectiveness in promoting further social skills acquisition beyond the intervention context. The present study tested the efficacy of clinical strategies based on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) to promote social skills in 5 participants aged 11 to 15 years. (Contains 2 figures.)
An Example of a Hakomi Technique Adapted for Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Author: Collis, Peter
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Psychotherapy,Counseling Techniques,Models,Counselors

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a model of therapy that lends itself to integration with other therapy models. This paper aims to provide an example to assist others in assimilating techniques from other forms of therapy into FAP. A technique from the Hakomi Method is outlined and modified for FAP. As, on the whole, psychotherapy techniques are evocative; there is a potential menu of techniques to be drawn from in most therapists' history.
Equifinality in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy: Different Strokes for Different Folks
Author: Darrow, Sabrina M.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Cooperative Learning,Behavior Modification,Psychotherapy,Behavior Change,Social Reinforcement,Fidelity,Interpersonal Competence,Counselor Client Relationship,Reinforcement,Supervisors,Outcomes of Treatment,Behavior Problems

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is an interpersonal behavior therapy that relies on a therapist's ability to contingently respond to in-session client behavior. Valued behavior change in clients results from the therapist shaping more effective client interpersonal behaviors by providing effective social reinforcement when these behaviors occur in or between sessions. One crucial discrimination for therapists to make is the distinction between the topography or physical form of their behavior versus how well or poorly it actually functions to shape client behavior. We notice that there are times when some therapists may focus too sharply on how similar their behavior is to that of a supervisor or prototypical therapist rather than focusing on how effectively their behavior functions as reinforcement. A review of some traditional psychotherapy adherence and competence literature suggests that therapists and supervisors may overly attend to the topography of behavior in assessing treatment fidelity. This paper will suggest strategies to minimize an over-reliance on topography, including shifting the focus from technique to principle. (Contains 2 footnotes.)
Treatment of a Disorder of Self through Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Author: Ferro-Garcia, Rafael
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Academic Failure,Depression (Psychology),Psychotherapy,Case Studies,Females,College Students,Scores,Symptoms (Individual Disorders),Self Evaluation (Individuals),Self Control,Behavior Change,Outcomes of Treatment

This paper presents a clinical case study of a depressed female, treated by means of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) based on the theory and techniques for treating an "unstable self" (Kohlenberg & Tsai, 1991), instead of the classic treatment for depression. The client was a 20-year-old college student. The trigger for her problems was a sentimental break-up in addition to a degree of academic failure. She reported difficulty knowing how she felt, what she wanted, what she thought. At pretreatment, her scores on self-report questionnaires (the BDI, AAQ, and EOSS) were high, indicating moderate depression, no acceptance of feelings, and a high level of public control of self. The treatment lasted 23 sessions, with a follow-up 13 months later. Results showed the elimination of diagnostic criteria based on her behaviors in and out of sessions, and a considerable decrease in her scores in questionnaires, suggesting that FAP techniques targeting problems with the self may be clinically useful. (Contains 1 figure.)
Development and Preliminary Evaluation of a FAP Protocol: Brief Relationship Enhancement
Author: Holman, Gareth
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Evidence,Psychotherapy,Outcomes of Treatment,Counselor Client Relationship,Intervention,Behavior Change,Interpersonal Relationship,Intimacy,Supervision

The purpose of this study was to develop a brief Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) protocol that will facilitate reliable implementation of FAP interventions, thus supporting research on FAP process and outcome. The treatment was a four-session individual therapy for clients who were interested in improving their relationship with their romantic partner. Data were collected from both the client and their partners. The treatment development process was conducted across two clinical case series. The first case series (n = 7) provided preliminary evidence of the feasibility and acceptability of the treatment, but rates of FAP interventions were low. Subsequently the treatment protocol and training and supervision procedures were revised. The second clinical case series (n = 6), based on the revised protocol, produced significantly higher rates of FAP interventions and further evidence of the acceptability and feasibility of the treatment. The study provides preliminary evidence that FAP interventions may be reliably implemented in the context of a brief, structured treatment.
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Is a Framework for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices: The Example of Integrated Smoking Cessation and Depression Treatment
Author: Holman, Gareth
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Smoking,Depression (Psychology),Psychotherapy,Children,Correlation,Best Practices,Pilot Projects,Intervention,Guidelines,Outcomes of Treatment,Social Support Groups

Depression and cigarette smoking are recurrent, interacting problems that co-occur at high rates and--especially when depression is chronic--are difficult to treat and associated with costly health consequences. In this paper we present an integrative therapeutic framework for concurrent treatment of these problems based on evidence-based practices and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). We report the results of a pilot study in which clients (n = 5) received the integrated treatment. Case material is presented to illustrate the integration of interventions within a FAP framework.
Promoting Efficacy Research on Functional Analytic Psychotherapy
Author: Maitland, Daniel W. M.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Psychotherapy,Predictor Variables,Counselor Attitudes,Behavior Disorders,Functional Behavioral Assessment,Behavior Change,Counselor Client Relationship,Interpersonal Competence,Comparative Analysis,Counseling Techniques,Counseling Effectiveness

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a form of therapy grounded in behavioral principles that utilizes therapist reactions to shape target behavior. Despite a growing literature base, there is a paucity of research to establish the efficacy of FAP. As a general approach to psychotherapy, and how the therapeutic relationship produces change, FAP does not specify a disorder construct as a dependent variable. In addition, because of its functional, idiographic nature FAP is also challenging to specify as an independent variable. The present paper suggests interpersonal relating as a domain of focus for a line of FAP research and describes four levels of FAP application to contribute to specifying FAP as an independent variable for use in research. Illustrative data from an ongoing study comparing FAP to supportive listening for interpersonal difficulties demonstrates an application of these suggestions for promoting FAP efficacy research. (Contains 1 figure.)
First Steps in FAP: Experiences of Beginning Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Therapist with an Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Client
Author: Manduchi, Katia
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Personality Problems,Psychotherapy,Personality,Counselor Training,Personality Traits,Counselor Client Relationship,Reinforcement,Case Studies,Role,Supervision

Practicing Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) for the first time can seem daunting to therapists. Establishing a deep and intense therapeutic relationship, identifying FAP's therapeutic targets of clinically relevant behaviors, and using contingent reinforcement to help clients emit more functional behavior in the therapeutic relationship all present significant challenges. This article describes a first-time FAP therapy conducted with a client meeting criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and also presenting features of borderline personality disorder. The case illustrates how a first-time FAP therapist can meet these challenges and make use the supervision relationship as an aid. (Contains 1 footnote.)
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP): A Review of Publications from 1990 to 2010
Author: Mangabeira, Victor
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Psychotherapy,Counseling Techniques,Behavior Modification,Counselor Client Relationship,Interpersonal Relationship,Publications,Research Methodology,Data Analysis,Outcomes of Treatment

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP), a therapy based on radical behaviorism, establishes the priority of the therapeutic interaction as a mechanism of change in psychotherapy. Since the first book on FAP appeared in 1991, it has been the focus of many papers and has been incorporated by the community of behavior therapists. This paper is a review of 80 international publications on FAP from 1990 to 2010, including publications from Brazil, the United States, Spain, Switzerland and Colombia. The goal was to analyze how FAP has been treated and developed across these 20 years, and also to propose some directions for further studies. The analysis suggests a diverse range of FAP publications, points to the necessity of more empirical studies with tighter control of variables and objective measurement of data to better understand FAP's process and effectiveness, and highlights the importance of increased communication between international research groups to increase the potential benefits of singular and collective research efforts on FAP. (Contains 2 tables and 7 figures.)
Expanding the Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Traditions: An Application of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Treatment in a Case Study of Depression
Author: McClafferty, Catherine
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Depression (Psychology),Psychotherapy,Counseling Techniques,Intimacy,Interpersonal Competence,Cognitive Restructuring,Behavior Modification,Case Studies,Counselor Client Relationship,Reinforcement,Generalization

What can CBT therapists do when interpersonal issues are pertinent to therapeutic change and there is a deficit of CBT literature offering clinicians' guidance on how to address this as part of the therapy process? Do we say "clients are resistant?", "Not ready for change?", or "there is too much secondary gain?" As therapists we may not be familiar with taking personal responsibility for looking at how our own processes also affect the therapeutic journey with our clients. Recent advances suggest that focusing on the process rather than the content in moderate to severe depression is effective and also consistent with the "Third Wave" of CBT as it evolves. The debate about the efficacy of challenging thoughts has also been raised (Longmore & Worrell, 2007). This case study presents the analysis and treatment of depression following the formulation and treatment of Behavioural Activation (BA) and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). It is within the context of interpersonal issues arising during BA treatment of depression. FAP uses the therapeutic relationship as a vehicle to promote natural reinforcement and generalisation into the client's daily life based upon functional analysis, radical behaviourism and intimacy. (Contains 2 tables.)
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) in Ibero-America: Review of Current Status and Some Proposals
Author: Munoz-Martinez, Amanda
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Psychotherapy,Counseling Techniques,Counselor Client Relationship,Epistemology,Intervention,Foreign Countries

Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) has been making an important rise in Ibero-America in recent years. This paper presents a review of different contributions, problems and some proposals. Three principal topics are reviewed: (a) general characteristics and theoretical bases of FAP, (b) the uses of FAP and its relationship with other therapies, and (c) FAP's empirical research. A number of major papers were found on the first and second topic, but there were few articles related to the third theme. In general, authors in Ibero-America emphasize epistemological and conceptual aspects of FAP and its relationship with other interventions from Third Wave Behavior Therapies, especially Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). With regard to the third topic, FAP is an effective therapeutic perspective, but it is important to increase the research in this area. (Contains 1 footnote.)