ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Sentential Negative Markers as Pro-Forms of Negative Sentences in Modern Mongolian
Author: Dagvasumberel, Enkhjargal
Date: 2015-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Languages,Morphemes,Sentence Structure,Language Research,Doctoral Dissertations,Form Classes (Languages),Intonation,Grammar,Verbs,Phrase Structure,Discourse Analysis

Negation in modern Mongolian was analyzed by scholars namely: Luvsanvandan Sh (1968, 2000), Wonsoo Yu (1991), Mönkh-Amgalan Yu (1998), Purev-Ochir B. (1998, 2001), Byambasan P. (2006), Kunihiko Hasimoto (2008), BatIreedui J.(2009), Ravdan E. (2009), Mönkh-Amgalan Yu &amp; Kan Shin (2014). Sentential negation in modern Mongolian is not sufficiently studied in sentential and discourse levels. The tendency of modern linguistic requires us to conduct more comprehensive and deeper research than previous scholars did. Our research is considered to be the first intended research on negation in modern Mongolian, because it is one part of Ph.D dissertation on negative meaning of modern Mongolian. There are two forms of sentential negations in modern Mongolian language, namely: explicit and implicit. Explicit negation is expressed by negative markers, but implicit negation is expressed by forms without negative markers, positive forms, intonations, structures with interrogative words and phrases. Negative markers have preverbal and postverbal positions in sentences. Preverbal negative markers are all particles (&quot;büü,&quot; &quot;bitgij,&quot; &quot;ül,&quot; &quot;es,&quot; &quot;alga&quot;) and have SONegV sentential type, but postverbal negative markers are particles (&quot;ügüj,&quot; &quot;biš,&quot; &quot;bus&quot;) and negative grammatical morphemes (&quot;-güj,&quot; &quot;-údzaj2,&quot; &quot;-lgüj,&quot; &quot;-ltgüj,&quot; &quot;-mgüj,&quot; &quot;-šgüj&quot;) which have SOVNeg type. Particles, which are used as preverbal and postverbal negative markers in modern Mongolian, have more specific features than negative markers in other languages. Their unique features are to be used not only as negative markers in negative sentences, but also to substitute for verb phrases in c-command and sentences in the discourse level. This paper aims to consider how sentential negative markers in modern Mongolian are used as pro-forms of negative sentences.
Power, Space and Resistance: Foucauldian Reading of &quot;The Pickup&quot;
Author: Babapi, Nasrin
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Power Structure,Novels,Social Status,Social Differences,Social Distance,Discourse Analysis

The present article is an attempt to read Nadin Gordimer's &quot;The Pickup&quot; from the lens of Foucault. It starts with Foucault's assumption that power is everything and any kind of relation in the world is defined through the discourses of power. It discusses the techniques through which the power dominates its authority over the subjects and, in this case, speaks of the spatial distribution of the individuals in the special spaces as a technique to promote the operation of the power. In this position, the individual who is limited to a special space has been expected to submit the spatial discourses however there has been always some opportunities for resistance as Foucault mentions &quot;where there is power, there is resistance.&quot; Going along such an idea, this article now seeks to find the main agent in process of labeling a subject as the resistant character; it aims to prove that it is space which defines the boundaries of either subjugation or resistance of an individual rather than power that has been considered as the only dominant presence.
The Decline of Literature: A Public Perspective
Author: Albalawi, Mohammed
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Literature Appreciation,Questionnaires,Public Opinion,Humanities

After centuries of dominance, literature has not been in a robust health for the last few decades. Several scholars have addressed the decline of literature in a number of books and articles attributing it to institutional and economic reasons. However, a major factor has not been taken into account. It is the larger audience who receives and absorbs literature. In this paper, I argue that the decline of literature emanates from the lack of appreciation of literature among the public who have deserted this field of humanity in the present days. I will investigate the causes of this desertion and explore its consequences in the field of literature. Through using a questionnaire, this paper looks and evaluates the experiences and perspectives of public. It is expected that the findings will contribute to literature to better understanding the decline.
Anxiety, Motivation and Autonomy in Iranian High School Students: A Quantitative Study
Author: Sanadgol, Fatemeh
Date: 2016-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Anxiety,Student Motivation,Personal Autonomy,Statistical Analysis,Foreign Countries,Second Language Learning,Questionnaires,Communication (Thought Transfer),Measures (Individuals),Likert Scales,Correlation,English (Second Language),College Students

Research in the series of second language learning certify that both cognitive and affective factors within a language learner affect the level of success that will be achieved in learning a second language. This study was an attempt to investigate the relationship among three factors of anxiety, motivation, and autonomy. To this purpose, 207 students were invited from Golestan high school in Ramian, in the north of Iran. Their age ranged from 18 to 22 years. In one session they filled out the anxiety questionnaire, in the next session they completed the motivation questionnaire, and in the third session they answered the items in the autonomy questionnaire. At the end of the term their final scores were recorded. Analysis of the results showed that there was a meaningful relationship between anxiety and motivation, but there was no relationship between anxiety and autonomy, and no relationship autonomy and motivation. Both high-stakeholders and low-stakeholder may benefit from the findings of this study.
Aesthetic Education: A Korean and an Austrian Perspective
Author: Choi, Jin
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Aesthetic Education,Educational Philosophy,Comparative Analysis,Comparative Education,Ethical Instruction,Individualism

Korea and Austria: two very different schooling systems, and different approaches to educational reform. Yet for both, the renaissance of aesthetics has great potential. This paper analyses the arguments in Korea and Austria for aesthetic education. For each country, we identified a distinctive philosophical approach to meeting the individual needs and challenges of each country's schooling system through aesthetic education--yielding some fascinating insights and resemblance: in the context of Korea, the American philosopher Jenefer Robinson is taken into account. By contrast, the situation of Austria is connected with the thoughts of the French philosopher Simone Weil. A comparison of these subtle distinctions in thought reveals the intercultural perspective of each country. The final aim of this paper is to highlight the common substance of both approaches and to suggest it as a basis for further intercultural cooperation for the revival of aesthetics within the field of comparative education.
The Call for Colloquialisms: Origins and Remedies
Author: Salah, Reem
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Language Usage,Language Variation,Semitic Languages,Dialects,Diachronic Linguistics,Oral Language,Standard Spoken Usage,Language Research

This research aims at discovering the gap between Standard Arabic and the current spoken varieties of Arabic due to social, educational, political, colonial, and media factors. The researcher will try to also analyse the causes of the current gap and suggest remedies. Standard Arabic (SA) or FuSha (the Arabic term for &quot;standard Arabic&quot;) is the language used for recording intellectual output in general, while spoken varieties or colloquialisms are used for everyday needs. SA has relatively fixed governing rules, whereas colloquialisms are relatively spontaneous and are subject to change according to the change of generations and the surrounding circumstances. This existence of dialects next to the standard is a general phenomenon in all living languages (Arabic spoken varieties are inherent for more than 1500 years). Hence, the existence of spoken Arabic varieties is not odd among languages. This research tries to highlight the colonial, educational, political and media factors that deliberately intensifies the gap between SA and spoken varieties as well as being behind the call to adopt spoken varieties instead of SA.
Stylistic Analysis of the Short Story &quot;The Last Word&quot; by Dr. A. R. Tabassum
Author: Bari Khan, Abdul
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Literary Genres,Language Styles,Grammar,Phonology,Literary Devices,Rhyme,Check Lists,Figurative Language,Discourse Analysis

In this article stylistic analysis of short story &quot;The Last Word&quot; by Dr. A. R. Tabassum is performed. The formative elements of the story, such as point of view, characters and allegorical element, are discussed in detail so as to give a better insight of the story. The story is analyzed stylistically in terms of figures of speech where grammatical, lexical and phonological schemes are considered, following the checklist of linguistic and stylistic categories proposed by Leech and Short. Features of repetition, parallelism, alliteration, consonance, assonance and rhyme are focused on. Finally, the findings and conclusion is given to sum up the discussion.
International Scholarship Graduates Influencing Social and Economic Development at Home: The Role of Alumni Networks in Georgia and Moldova
Author: Campbell, Anne C.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Foreign Students,Scholarship,College Graduates,Social Development,Economic Development,Comparative Analysis,Qualitative Research,Alumni,Networks,Activism,Semi Structured Interviews,Phenomenology

Many students from low- and middle-income countries seek scholarship support to pursue higher education overseas. Often scholarship programs mandate that recipients &quot;give back&quot; to their home countries following their studies so scholars &quot;apply&quot; their experiences to aid their countries of origin. In this comparative qualitative study, 40 Georgian and Moldovan scholarship alumni who studied in the United States were asked how alumni networks assist their ability to influence social and economic change in their home countries. The comparative findings point to the value of alumni networks in terms of graduates backing each other's activism projects and feeling part of a community of like-minded individuals who seek change. Where these networks were not present, alumni desired a supportive association to assist in their attempts to influence reform. Findings suggest the development of alumni networks facilitate individual scholarship participants' efforts to &quot;give back&quot; to their countries of origin.
Is There &quot;Space&quot; for International Baccalaureate? A Case Study Exploring Space and the Adoption of the IB Middle Year Programme
Author: Monreal, Timothy
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Advanced Placement Programs,Case Studies,Adoption (Ideas),Middle Schools,Semi Structured Interviews,Administrators,Content Analysis,School Space,Models

Henri Lefebvre (1991) wrote, &quot;[representational] space is alive: it speaks&quot; (p. 42). This article explores how we might &quot;listen&quot; to space in education by examining the role of space in one school's decision to adopt the International Baccalaureate's Middle Years Programme [IB MYP]. It builds upon recent scholarship that applies spatial analysis to international education. Using a case study of one school, data was organized to Lefebvre's (1991) tripartite conception of space. The findings and analysis reveal that spatial factors played a significant role in one school's rationale for choosing the IB MYP. In adopting the program, the school (re)produced a distinctive, exclusive space. The research offers a model to visualize space in education, and it concludes by articulating additional paths for critical spatial research in education.
Anima/Animus and Wise Old Man in &quot;Six Characters in Search of an Author&quot;
Author: Jamalinesari, Ali
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Authors,Drama,Self Concept,Psychology,Literary Criticism

The word &quot;archetype&quot; is derived from the Greek words &quot;arche&quot; meaning &quot;first&quot; and type meaning &quot;imprint&quot; or &quot;pattern&quot;. Actually, the archetypes are like deposits of experiences that have been frequently repeated in the history of human beings. They are present in all humans from birth. They can be represented in dreams, fantasies, or as a story, as a pattern or image such as mandala, or as an archetypal or mythical character. Jung believes that the archetypes are not memories of past experiences but are forms without content that represent a certain kind of perception and action. They offer a kind of preparation to produce similar mythical ideas again and again. Jung discovers that, since we have different cultures with different people, we have different kinds of archetypes--some known, many others yet to be discovered. In this regards, in the followings the archetypes Anima/Animus and Wise Old Man are discussed in &quot;Six Characters in Search of an Author&quot; to show how the question of reality, illusion and the oxymoron illusive reality as a major theme haunts Pirandello's play.
Educating for Transforming Our World: Revisiting International Debates Surrounding Education for Sustainable Development
Author: Mochizuki, Yoko
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sustainable Development,Transformative Learning,Social Change,International Organizations,Goal Orientation,Environmental Education,Global Approach,Citizenship Education,Climate,Educational Policy,Public Policy,Politics of Education,Advocacy,Neoliberalism

In 2015, the United Nations (UN) General Assembly adopted a resolution titled &quot;Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development&quot; and a set of 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The notion of &quot;transformative education&quot; is being mainstreamed in the work of UNESCO within the new framework of the SDGs, which officially succeeded the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Education for All (EFA). This article briefly outlines the shifting international discourses surrounding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), now enshrined in SDG Target 4.7. The meanings of ESD have shifted in relation to other education movements, including Environmental Education, EFA, and more recently, Global Citizenship Education (GCED). By reviewing how ESD and GCED--as currently defined and promoted by UNESCO--approach climate change and the question of securing a sustainable future for humanity, the article delineates how the recent marriage of ESD and GCED in one target of the SDGs is weakening, rather than reinforcing, their transformative potentials. It concludes by pointing out the limitations of global policy initiatives for education and proposing ways forward to ensure that education contributes to shaping a more sustainable world.
Kafka's &quot;Letters to Milena&quot; and the Question of the Body
Author: Neimneh, Shadi
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Human Body,Sexuality,Journalism,Psychiatry,Authors,Females,Translation,Femininity,Feminism,Interpersonal Relationship,Diseases,Letters (Correspondence)

This article describes how Franz Kafka's correspondence with the Czech journalist and translator Milena Jesenská, from 1920 to 1923, documents the development of his illness, his fear of physical intercourse, and his consequent reliance on writing. Writing is exploited in this epistolary affair to replace both physical presence and physical love. Simply stated, writing negates the body in this correspondence. The ensuing erasure of the body leads to a dim mode of bodily presence, a ghostly one. Kafka's &quot;Letters to Milena&quot; are read as a rich hunting ground for psychoanalytical and feminist interpretations of the (female) body and female sexuality. It is the mystery of femininity that Kafka tries to solve in the course of this correspondence. Sexuality and the female body are rendered in this epistolary love as a reviled &quot;dark continent&quot; that should be sublimated in favor of the symbolic realm of writing. Of special importance at this stage of Kafka's life as a tubercular is his conception of the diabolical nature of his writing, an issue that has received very little critical attention. A man living close to death chooses for himself a life of seclusion and introversion from human relations and withdraws into a ghostly existence. The body that deteriorates into a ghostly presence finds its counterpart in &quot;demonic&quot; letter writing that conjures up physical presence in Kafka's relationship with Milena. The first section of this article introduces &quot;Letters to Milena&quot; in context. Section two presents a reading of the letters informed by psychoanalysis and feminism, and section three focuses on the final letters and presents Kafka as a &quot;ghostly lover.
Tension and Approximation in Poetic Translation
Author: Al-Shabab, Omar A. S.
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Poetry,Translation,Semitic Languages,Islam,Religious Factors,Cultural Differences,Second Languages,Cultural Awareness,Arabs,Audiences,English,Semantics,Theory Practice Relationship,Dictionaries

Simple observation reveals that each language and each culture enjoys specific linguistic features and rhetorical traditions. In poetry translation difference and the resultant linguistic tension create a gap between Source Language and Target language, a gap that needs to be bridged by creating an approximation processed through the translator's interpretation. The existentialist thrust behind this position supersedes equivalence and disallows &quot;intervention&quot;, since in producing his/her pre-dictionary self-attributed translation, the poetry translator works from within the first person domain, a theoretical construct which is assumed to handle Davidson's first person authority and more. Translating Herbert's &quot;Even-Song&quot; requires knowledge of Arabic Islamic discourse and the ability to create, via interpretation, the right angle that allows Herbert's deep religious experience and voice to be heard in a discourse that relates Arab audience to English religious devotion to God, a devotion which lies well beyond tension and cultural difference.
Quality Research in Higher Education Institutions in Oman: Some Views of Teacher Researchers
Author: Al Ajmi, Ahmed Ali Saleh
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Higher Education,Educational Innovation,Teaching Methods,Reputation,Research,Bibliometrics,Faculty Publishing,Quality Assurance,Teacher Researchers,Surveys,Teacher Attitudes,College Faculty,Evaluation Methods

Academic research remains a prime source of knowledge and innovation for higher education institutions (HEIs) that strive to grow, expand and develop their academic reputations and standards. Yet, research informs teaching practices, shapes social changes and it has financial outcomes for HEIs. Therefore, it is imperative to develop institutional policies and strategies for promoting and sustaining quality research in HEIs in Oman. There are a number of international frameworks and models which have been developed to measure research quality in HEIs around the world. For example, bibliometrics were used to assess research quality in HEIs in the UK because bibliometric data can provide a number of component variables. An appropriate bibliometric model may include components such as output volume, diversity of outputs, citation volume, journal impact factor and average citations per publication, etc. Moreover, other popular examples of models for assessing research quality are Multidimensional Research Assessment Matrix (MRAM) used in Europe and the UK's Research Assessment Exercise (RAE). However, neither of the above mentioned models is adopted by HEIs in Oman. Thus, the current study is an attempt to explore some institutional, international, logistic and pragmatic factors that impact academic research and publication quality, review popular international research quality assessment models and explore the possibility of applying them in the Omani context. To achieve the study objectives, 20 teacher researchers were surveyed and the findings and recommendations were presented.
On the Phonetic Consonance in Quranic Verses-Final &quot;Fawa?il&quot;
Author: Aldubai, Nadhim Abdulamalek
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Phonetics,Semantics,Language Rhythm,Syllables,Phonology,Language Patterns,Islam,Religious Education,Semitic Languages,Discourse Analysis

The present research aims to discuss the phonological patterns in Quranic verse-final pauses (&quot;fawa?il&quot;) in order to provide an insight into the phonetic network governing the symmetrical and the asymmetrical pauses (&quot;fawa?il&quot;) in terms of concordance (&quot;al-nasaq al-?awti&quot;). The data are collected from different parts of the Quran and are investigated with focus on three major phonetic criteria: the phonetic features of the &quot;fawa?il&quot;, the &quot;fa?ilah&quot; shift from the surrounding &quot;fawa?il&quot;, and the semantically-oriented sounds. The discussion concludes that the Quranic &quot;fawa?il&quot; are either completely symmetrical in the fa?ilah-final syllables, semi-symmetrical in the fa?ilah final syllables. It also reveals that some &quot;fawa?il&quot; share the same foot (&quot;taf'ilah&quot;) and rhythm (&quot;al-iqa'&quot;), while others have different foot and rhythm, but they are similar in some sounds. Other &quot;fawa?il&quot; are similar in the foot but different in sounds, while others are similar in the last two sounds. The last category is when the Surah ends with a different &quot;fa?ilah&quot; from all the previous &quot;fawa?il&quot;. The analysis also reveals that the &quot;fawa?il&quot; are semantically-oriented in the sense that they are not only concerned with ornamentation and undulation of the sounds but they also convey deep meanings which move the hearer to listen carefully and to abide by the Quranic teachings.
Polymorphous Narrative of Gothic Tradition in Linguistic Perspective: Comparing Fiction and Opera Libretto
Author: Ihina, Zoia
Date: 2015-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Fiction,Novels,Discourse Analysis,Literary Devices,Language Usage

This article is dedicated to revealing linguistic means that realise &quot;the event&quot; in the gothic narrative--H. James's novella &quot;The Turn of the Screw&quot; and the opera libretto of the same name. The event is treated as a situational change of states and presupposes that &quot;the real&quot; and &quot;the unknown&quot; should meet. This meeting runs through the whole narrative. &quot;The event&quot; is ideal and abstract; it shows itself in concrete manifestations--incidents. Discerning &quot;the event&quot; is possible by analysing linguistic signals of its manifestations--&quot;traces&quot;. In both the novella and libretto (though varying in structural peculiarities of &quot;the event&quot;) the most vivid and noticeable trace is expressed by such a neutral word as &quot;bad&quot;; every appearance of this word in both texts &quot;turns the screw&quot; tighter; it is a common keyword sustaining the original story flavour. As a linguistic sign the word &quot;bad&quot; is analysed from perspectives of different characters.