ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Extensive Graded Reading in the Liberal Arts and Sciences
Author: Poulshock, Joseph
Date: 2010-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Pilot Projects,Adult Basic Education,Adult Learning,Adult Students,Foreign Countries,Sciences,Vocabulary Development,Liberal Arts,Instructional Materials,Reading Instruction,College Students,Student Attitudes,Learning Motivation,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction

For this research, learners did extensive graded reading (EGR) with traditional graded readers, and they also interacted with short graded stories in the liberal arts and sciences (LAS). This study describes the purpose and format of the LAS stories used by hundreds of university students and adult learners in Japan. It summarizes the results of two semester-long pilot projects done with 10 students in 2008 and 24 students in 2009, and it compares how both these groups perceived their experiences of doing EGR with traditional graded readers in combination with graded stories in the liberal arts and sciences. Lastly, this study examines how students learned vocabulary from the LAS stories that they used. The results support the idea that learners enjoy, are motivated by, and can gain vocabulary knowledge through using short graded stories in the liberal arts and sciences. (Contains 7 tables and 1 note.)
Self-Assessment of Word Knowledge with Graded Readers: A Preliminary Study
Author: Wan-a-rom, Udorn
Date: 2010-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Reading Strategies,Translation,Vocabulary Development,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Case Studies,High School Students,Instructional Materials,Interviews,Observation,Language Tests,Second Language Instruction

The study investigated how second language (L2) learners self-assessed word knowledge on a page of text taken from a graded reader. The case study subjects were five Thai high school learners of English. They were asked to assess their word knowledge using a page of continuous text. Data gained through observation, interviews, self-assessment and a translation test showed that such self-assessment of word knowledge resulted in learners using various reading techniques from simple translation to more complicated guessing from context. The results provide some insight into how self-assessment of word knowledge with graded readers is carried out and provides evidence to support the value of self-assessment as an easy procedure to direct learners to an appropriate reading level as suggested by the scholars in the field (Bamford &amp; Day, 2004; Day &amp; Bamford, 1998; Waring, 1997). Suggestions for pedagogical practice are given. (Contains 2 tables and 2 notes.)
Glossing Is Sometimes a Distraction: Comments on Cheng and Good (2009)
Author: Taylor, Alan M.
Date: 2010-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Reading Comprehension,Second Language Learning,Instructional Materials,Difficulty Level,Reading Materials

The author really enjoyed reading the study by Cheng and Good (2009). The results of their study seem especially interesting from the point of view of reading comprehension. Indeed, their results mirror to some degree Joyce's (1997) study, in which glossing actually had a somewhat negative effect on third semester second language (L2) readers' reading comprehension, especially when compared to first and second semester readers. Glosses have the potential of getting in the way of reading comprehension because of the important relationship between learner level and text level. As Cheng and Good (2009) suggest, if a text is difficult enough, the glosses become more relevant. If the text is not difficult, glosses become less helpful. Of course, there are other variables that can influence L2 reading comprehension. For example, amount or frequency of glossing can be a key variable. More glosses available proportionate to the number of words in a text or more frequent L1 glossing of the same lexical items (Rott, 2007) may result in better L2 reading comprehension. Based on Cheng and Good's study results, the author analyzed that glossing, or at least some types of glossing, can be a distraction from the process of comprehending a reading text. It is plausible that the flow of reading can be interrupted by glossing for higher-level students because attentional resources are not allocated toward L2 text comprehension.
An Improper Assumption? The Treatment of Proper Nouns in Text Coverage Counts
Author: Brown, Dale
Date: 2010-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Nouns,Research Methodology,Vocabulary Development,Second Language Learning,Sample Size,Reading Difficulties,Reading Processes

The calculation of text coverage, that is the proportion of a text covered by a vocabulary of a given size, has become a standardized procedure in recent years. Such calculations provide important information for research and pedagogy about issues such as the goals of vocabulary learning and the ease or difficulty of particular texts. Chujo and Utiyama (2005) have pointed out that it is important to ensure that methodological issues involved in such calculations are properly addressed, and their research delineates the vocabulary size, sample size and text length needed to secure reliable results. However, one methodological issue that remains open to debate is how to deal with proper nouns. In studies of text coverage it has become standard practice to assume that proper nouns cause no problems for second language (L2) readers. This paper questions the way proper nouns are dealt with in text coverage calculations. After first looking at the various ways proper nouns are actually treated, the paper examines in detail the assumption that proper nouns are unproblematic for L2 readers. The roots of the assumption are traced back and examined, before a number of other issues that cast doubt on it are raised. The paper concludes with some questions that arise as a result. (Contains 1 table and 1 note.)
Readings on L2 Reading: Publications in Other Venues 2009-2010
Author: Brantmeier, Cindy, Ed.
Date: 2010-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Reading,Second Language Learning,Reading Materials,Reading Lists

This feature offers an archive of articles and books published in other venues during the past year (2009) and serves as a valuable tool to readers of "Reading in a Foreign Language" (RFL). It treats any topic within the scope of "RFL" and second language reading. The articles are listed in alphabetical order, each with a complete reference as well as a brief summary. The editors of this feature attempt to include all related articles that appear in other venues. However, undoubtedly, this list is not exhaustive.
Faculty-Student Dual Relationships: Implications for Counselor Educators
Author: Jackson, James L.
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Counseling,Ethics,Counselor Educators,Teacher Student Relationship,Counselor Training,Gender Differences,Mentors,Friendship,Intimacy,Sexuality,Teacher Behavior,Student Behavior,College Students,College Faculty,School Policy

This article considers dual relationships between faculty and students from an ethical perspective. A review of the literature focuses on the potential impact of dual relationships on students, faculty, academic institutions, and the consumers students will ultimately serve. Models promoting ethical dual relationships are identified and strategies for counselor educators to influence the systemic variables impacting faculty-student dual relationships are discussed.
Peer Victimization among Adolescent Females: A Literature Review of the Significant Causes and Consequences Associated with Relational Aggression
Author: Tobin, Casey
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Information Analyses
Subjects: Aggression,Females,Victims of Crime,Peer Relationship,Bullying,Adolescents,Psychological Patterns,Gender Differences,Individual Characteristics,Social Influences

Peer victimization is an all too common occurrence in schools throughout the United States, affecting millions of adolescents every year. Involvement in peer victimization carries devastating consequences that can last a lifetime. Recent research indicates males and females engage in different forms of victimization, with males displaying more overt forms of aggression and females participating in relational attacks. The purpose of this review of literature is to explore the factors that may contribute to peer victimization among adolescent females, and to ascertain the psychological and social repercussions of this behavior.
The Alabama Counseling Association: A Legacy of Community and Professional Service
Author: Clark, Eddie, Jr.
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Counselor Certification,Professional Associations,Interviews,Presidents,Counselors,Group Structure,Publications,Educational Opportunities,Professional Education,Performance Factors,Institutional Characteristics,Ethnic Diversity,Counseling Services,Change Strategies,Organizational Effectiveness

The Alabama Counseling Association (ALCA) has an ongoing plan for professional growth and development reflective of the multiple counseling professions and the diversity of its members. Based on the development and history of the organization, this research project was designed to assess ALCA's progress toward achieving its stated outcome goals. A  telephone interview survey of the ALCA's past presidents was conducted to assess efforts toward diversity and inclusiveness of all counseling professions. (Contains 3 tables.)
The History and Development of the Alabama Division of the American Rehabilitation Counseling Association
Author: Templeton, Mary Anne
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Rehabilitation Counseling,Counselors,Educational Opportunities,Professional Associations,Professional Development,Agency Cooperation,Institutional Mission,Institutional Characteristics

The Alabama Division of the American Rehabilitation Association is an organization committed to representing those counselors who work in the field of rehabilitation across the state. The division is focused on offering leadership within the field of rehabilitation counseling, promoting professional development opportunities for counselors, and increasing collaboration between rehabilitation counselors and other social service professionals.
Celebrating Our Past, Embracing Our Present, and Envisioning Our Future: ALACES 1985-2006
Author: Williams, Robyn
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Organizational Objectives,Counselor Training,Counseling,Institutional Mission,Presidents,Supervision,Professional Associations,Group Membership,Publications,Institutional Characteristics

The focus of this article is to summarize the history of the Alabama Association of Counselor Education and Supervision (ALACES) division of the Alabama Counseling Association  (ALCA). A discussion of the inception of ALACES, membership, publications, and a listing of past and current presidents is presented. In addition, the current goals of the organization are discussed.
Conduct Disorders in African American Adolescent Males: The Perceptions that Lead to Overdiagnosis and Placement in Special Programs
Author: Clark, Eddie, Jr.
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Behavior Disorders,African Americans,Racial Differences,Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder,Clinical Diagnosis,Disability Identification,Adolescents,Whites,Males,Disproportionate Representation

African American adolescent males are significantly more likely than their Caucasian peers to receive a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder. In contrast, their Caucasian peers are more often diagnosed with Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder. Discrepancies in the way diagnosis is made cause more African American adolescent males to be classified  as having behavior problems and not offered accommodations as opposed to their Caucasian counterparts. There are definitely similarities in the behavior of students with CD and ADHD, but how the two disorders are diagnosed is a question for concern.
Perceptions of the School Counselor's Role: A Challenge for the Profession
Author: Vaughn, Leila
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Rating Scales,School Counseling,School Counselors,Counselor Educators,Counselor Role,Counselor Attitudes,Attitude Measures,Guidelines,National Standards,State Standards,Counselor Training

This study was conducted to determine school counselors' perceptions of their roles and identity and to assess how the guidelines of the American School Counseling Association National Model and the Alabama PEPE are being implemented. The results indicated significant differences on three dimensions of the School Counselor Activity Rating  Scale. These findings indicate the need for counselor educators and school counseling leaders to prepare school counselors to assume the roles proposed by ASCA and the Alabama Counseling Plan. (Contains 1 table.)
Social Norms of Alcohol Use at Historically Black University
Author: Laird, Teresa
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: White Students,African American Students,Comparative Analysis,Student Attitudes,Drinking,Black Colleges,Social Attitudes,Social Behavior,Drug Abuse,Alcohol Abuse,Racial Differences,Peer Influence,Educational Environment

The authors surveyed 239 volunteer participants at one southern historically Black university using the Core Alcohol and Drug survey. The purpose was to document the overestimation (or misperception) of alcohol and drug usage rates at the selected institution and to compare reported rates to those noted at a predominately White university within close proximity. Analysis of the data indicated that participants' actual responses differed significantly from what they perceived to be the campus norm.
History of Alabama Association of Marriage and Family Counselors
Author: Reynolds, Glenda
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Marriage,Counselors,Professional Associations,Administrative Organization,Organizational Development,Institutional Mission,History

This paper describes the development of the Alabama Association of Marriage and Family Counselors (ALAMFC). The organizational structure, goals, and history are included. (Contains 2 tables.)
Parental Relationships in Fragile Families
Author: McLanahan, Sara
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Child Rearing,Parent Child Relationship,Fathers,Child Welfare,Family Environment,Family Relationship,Intimacy,Marital Satisfaction,Well Being,Low Income Groups,Public Policy,Marriage,Gender Issues,Trust (Psychology),One Parent Family,Mothers,Social Attitudes,Family Structure,Psychological Patterns,Socioeconomic Influences,Predictor Variables,Racial Differences

As nonmarital childbearing escalated in the United States over the past half century, fragile families--defined as unmarried couples with children--drew increased interest from researchers and policy makers. Sara McLanahan and Audrey Beck discuss four aspects of parental relationships in these families: the quality of parents' intimate relationship, the stability of that relationship, the quality of the co-parenting relationship among parents who live apart, and nonresident fathers' involvement with their child. At the time of their child's birth, half of the parents in fragile families are living together and another third are living apart but romantically involved. Despite high hopes at birth, five years later only a third of parents are still together, and new partners and new children are common, leading to high levels of instability and complexity in these families. Drawing on findings from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, McLanahan and Beck highlight a number of predictors of low relationship quality and stability in these families, including low economic resources, government policies that discourage marriage, gender distrust and acceptance of single motherhood, sex ratios that favor men, children from previous unions, and psychological factors that make it difficult for parents to maintain healthy relationships. No single factor appears to have a dominant effect. The authors next discuss two types of experiments that attempt to establish causal effects on parental relationships: those aimed at altering economic resources and those aimed at improving relationships. What can be done to strengthen parental relationships in fragile families? The authors note that although economic resources are a consistent predictor of stable relationships, researchers and policy makers lack good causal information on whether increasing fathers' employment and earnings will increase relationship quality and union stability. They also note that analysts need to know more about whether relationship quality in fragile families can be improved directly and whether doing so will increase union stability, father involvement, and co-parenting quality. (Contains 2 figures, 3 tables and 69 endnotes.)
Mothers' Economic Conditions and Sources of Support in Fragile Families
Author: Kalil, Ariel
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mothers,One Parent Family,Community Programs,Private Financial Support,Welfare Services,At Risk Persons,Income,Poverty,Marital Status,Economic Factors,Low Income Groups,Educational Attainment,Social Services,Social Support Groups,Housing,Child Care,Child Welfare,Child Health

Rising rates of nonmarital childbirth in the United States have resulted in a new family type, the fragile family. Such families, which include cohabiting couples as well as single mothers, experience significantly higher rates of poverty and material hardship than their married counterparts. Ariel Kalil and Rebecca Ryan summarize the economic challenges facing mothers in fragile families and describe the resources, both public and private, that help them meet these challenges. The authors explain that the economic fragility of these families stems from both mothers' and fathers' low earnings, which result from low education levels, as well as from physical, emotional, and mental health problems. Mothers in fragile families make ends meet in many ways. The authors show that various public programs, particularly those that provide in-kind assistance, do successfully lessen economic hardship in fragile families. Single mothers also turn to private sources of support--friends, family, boyfriends--for cash and in-kind assistance. But though these private safety nets are essential to many mothers' economic survival, according to the authors, private safety nets are not always consistent and dependable. Thus, assistance from private sources may not fundamentally improve mothers' economic circumstances. Policy makers, say Kalil and Ryan, must recognize that with rates of nonmarital childbirth at their current level, and potentially rising still, the fragile family is likely an enduring fixture in this country. It is thus essential to strengthen policies that both support these families' economic self-sufficiency and alleviate their hardship during inevitable times of economic distress. The most important first step, they say, is to strengthen the public safety net, especially such in-kind benefits as food stamps, Medicaid, housing, and child care. A next step would be to bolster community-based programs that can provide private financial support, such as emergency cash assistance, child care, and food aid, when mothers cannot receive it from their own private networks. (Contains 1 figure, 2 tables and 70 endnotes.)
Capabilities and Contributions of Unwed Fathers
Author: Lerman, Robert I.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Family Relationship,Job Training,Financial Support,Fathers,At Risk Persons,Family Structure,Minority Groups,Educational Attainment,Low Income Groups,Child Rearing,Child Development,Employment Level,Child Welfare,Income,Wages,Salaries,Communication Skills,Interpersonal Competence

Young, minority, and poorly educated fathers in fragile families have little capacity to support their children financially and are hard-pressed to maintain stability in raising those children. In this article, Robert Lerman examines the capabilities and contributions of unwed fathers, how their capabilities and contributions fall short of those of married fathers, how those capabilities and contributions differ by the kind of relationship the fathers have with their child's mother, and how they change as infants grow into toddlers and kindergartners. Unwed fathers' employment and earnings vary widely among groups but generally rise over time. At the child's birth, cohabiting fathers earn nearly 20 percent more than noncohabiting unwed fathers, and the gap widens over time. Still, five years after an unwed birth, the typical unwed father is working full time for the full year. Although most unwed fathers spend considerable time with their children in the years soon after birth, explains Lerman, over time their involvement erodes. Men who lose touch with their children are likely to see their earnings stagnate, provide less financial support, and often face new obligations when they father children with another partner. By contrast, the unwed fathers who marry or cohabit with their child's mother earn considerably higher wages and work substantially more than unwed fathers who do not marry or cohabit. These results suggest that unwed fathers' earnings are affected by family relationships as well as their education and work experience. Lerman notes that several factors influence the extent to which unwed fathers stay involved with their children. Better-educated fathers, those who most identify with the father's role, and those with good relationships with the child's mother, are most likely to sustain a relationship with their children. Some studies even find that strong child support enforcement increases father involvement. For many years, policy makers approached the problem of noncustodial, unwed fathers on a single track--by trying to increase their child support payments. Today's policy makers are recognizing the limits of that strategy. New programs focus on improving the relationship and communication skills of unwed fathers. In addition, targeted training programs, such as apprenticeships, enable unwed fathers to earn a salary while they learn skills. (Contains 61 endnotes.)