ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Towards an Integrated Analytical Framework of Information and Communications Technology Literacy: From Intended to Implemented and Achieved Dimensions
Author: Markauskaite, Lina
Date: 2006-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Technological Literacy,Information Technology,Foreign Countries,Models,Information Literacy,Media Literacy,Technology Integration,Outcomes of Education,Technological Advancement,Technology Uses in Education,Multimedia Materials,Electronic Publishing,Teaching Methods,Curriculum Implementation

Introduction: Theoretical approaches and frameworks that help us to understand the contemporary notion of information and communication technology literacy (ICT literacy) in the formal education sector are reviewed and examined. Method: The analysis is conducted from a technology (i.e., computer science) conceptual perspective. The focus is on those aspects of new literacies that are directly related to the use of information and communication technologies. Structured literature review and documentary research techniques are applied. Analysis: Relationships between ICT literacy, information literacy, media literacy and other new literacies are clarified. Important terms--&quot;ICT&quot;, &quot;literacy&quot; and &quot;ICT literacy&quot;--are discussed. An analytical framework for the investigation of contemporary understandings of information and communication technologies literacy is presented. Three analytical dimensions of ICT literacy--(1) intended, (2) implemented and (3) achieved--are employed in this framework. The main perspectives and structural approaches that can be applied for the examination of ICT literacy in each of these three dimensions are discussed. Results: The proposed analytical framework reveals links between (1) the conceptual approaches and initial aims of ICT literacy policies, proposed at the top-level of policymaking; (2) teaching and learning practices, implemented at the middle-level of educational system and (3) ICT literacy learning experiences and students' outcomes, expected at the base-level of educational system. Conclusions: It is argued that this analytical framework can be applied for an integrated analysis of ICT literacy. The framework provides a conceptual structure for discovering inconsistencies in the understanding of ICT literacy at various levels of educational systems.
Identifying Characteristics of Science Teaching/Learning Materials Promoting Students' Intrinsic Relevance
Author: Kotkas, Tormi
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Motivation,Science Education,Science Instruction,Instructional Materials,Student Attitudes,Content Analysis,Teaching Methods,Science Curriculum,Chemistry,Decision Making,Technological Advancement,Science Teachers,Scientific Concepts,Comparative Analysis,Data Analysis,Relevance (Education),Foreign Countries

This article focuses on concerns related to a lack of students' perception of relevance in school science seen as differing from educators' perception of relevance. In order to determine how relevance is portrayed in teaching and learning materials (TLMs), the titles and introductory texts (scenarios) from 77 TLMs, aiming to induce students' intrinsic relevance, were analysed using conventional content analysis. The content analysis resulted in the identification of three categories, with altogether nine subcategories, which could induce perceptions of intrinsic relevance among students and therefore could be used by TLM developers to help induce intrinsic relevance among students. The results showed that although authors of these TLMs had undertaken a course on developing student relevant TLMs, there was diversity in the approach to intrinsic relevance and less than half of the TLMs were identified, based on expert opinion, as being seen to be intrinsically relevant for students. Although most introductory texts were seen somewhat familiar to students, promoting relevance in the context of students' perceptions remains a question.
A Model for the Development of Virtual Communities for People with Long-Term, Severe Physical Disabilities
Author: Tilley, C. M.
Date: 2006-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Disabilities,Physical Disabilities,Grounded Theory,Investigations,Interviews,Neurological Impairments,Allied Health Personnel,Allied Health Occupations,Information Technology,Foreign Countries,Models,Qualitative Research,Electronic Learning,Health Services,Research Methodology,Adults,Technology Uses in Education,Assistive Technology,Accessibility (for Disabled),Technological Advancement,Technological Literacy,Access to Information,Information Literacy

Introduction: This paper reports results of an investigation into the needs of persons with disabilities wanting to participate in the use of virtual communities. The aim was to investigate &quot;how virtual communities for persons with long-term, severe physical disabilities can best be facilitated&quot;? Method: A Grounded Theory approach was adopted to inform the investigation. In- depth interviews were conducted with twelve persons with paraplegia, quadriplegia or other severe, long-term physical or mobility disabilities and six health care professionals, service providers, information personnel and policy advisers who were involved in their well-being. Analysis: Rich explanations were derived about the information and communication technology (ICT) usage and the technologies' contributions towards restoration of sense of control over their lives. Results: The primary outcome of the investigation is a theory regarding the character of virtual communities for the disabled. The theory is represented as a Virtual Community Model. The model identifies: the need for &quot;a sense of control&quot; as the foundation element of virtual communities for the disabled; the key domains in which disabled people participate in virtual communities; and the barriers and enablers to their participation. Conclusion: The model provides a framework which can be used by interest groups and other organizations to facilitate the development of virtual communities for persons with severe physical disabilities. The six key types of community need to be represented in such virtual communities if a full &quot;sense of control&quot; is to be achieved by disabled persons.
Scholarly Use of Information: Graduate Students' Information Seeking Behaviour
Author: George, Carole
Date: 2006-07-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Graduate Students,Information Seeking,Inquiry,Scholarship,Semi Structured Interviews,Coding,Transcripts (Written Records),Statistical Analysis,Student Research,Research Methodology,Information Sources,Qualitative Research,Student Surveys,Online Surveys,Data Analysis,Influences,Faculty Advisers,Social Networks,Sharing Behavior,Internet,Web Sites,Online Searching,Citations (References),Search Engines,College Libraries,Printed Materials

Introduction: This study explored graduate students' information behaviour related to their process of inquiry and scholarly activities. Method: In depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with one hundred graduate students representing all disciplines and departments from Carnegie Mellon University. Analysis: Working in pairs, we coded transcripts of interviews into meaningful categories using ATLAS.ti software. The combined use of quantitative and qualitative analysis aimed to reduce subjectivity. Results: Graduate students often begin with a meeting with professors who provide direction, recommend and provide resources. Other students help to shape graduate students' research activities, and university library personnel provide guidance in finding resources. The Internet plays a major role, although students continue to use print resources. Convenience, lack of sophistication in finding and using resources and course requirements affect their information behaviour. Findings vary across disciplines and between programmes. Conclusion: Libraries can influence students' information behaviour by reevaluating their instructional programmes and provision of resources and services. They can take a lead by working with academic staff to guide students.
An Analysis of Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Understanding of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching
Author: Lee, Carole K.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Preservice Teachers,Elementary School Teachers,Inquiry,Science Instruction,Teaching Methods,Methods Courses,Self Esteem,Pretests Posttests,Student Attitudes,Knowledge Level,Likert Scales,Semi Structured Interviews,Questionnaires,Mixed Methods Research,Factor Analysis

This study examines how pre-service elementary teachers (PSETs) view inquiry-based science learning and teaching, and how the science methods course builds their confidence to teach inquiry science. Most PSETs think that inquiry is asking students questions rather than a formal set of pedagogical tools. In the present study, three groups of PSETs (n = 14, 20, 20) were included. For each group, pretest and posttest attitudes and knowledge base were assessed using a 32 item questionnaire combining twenty-six Likert-type and six open-ended questions as well as half-hour semi-structured one-on-one interviews. Results from the pretest questionnaires showed that most PSETs had simplistic views of inquiry-based teaching. The instructor was able to modify the science methods course (the intervention phase) to focus on the concepts of science-based inquiry teaching that were shown to be lacking in the PSETs' knowledge base. The analysis of the post-test questionnaire showed significant increase on 17 of the 26 Likert-type questions reflecting increases in PSETs' understanding of inquiry-based teaching. The study shows PSETs' understanding of inquiry-based science teaching is a key step to build their confidence and efficacy of teaching science.
The Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon): An Open Access Journal Using an Un-Paid, Volunteer-Based Organization
Author: Björk, Bo-Christer
Date: 2006-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Periodicals,Information Technology,Construction Industry,Electronic Publishing,Volunteers,Case Studies

Introduction: This case study is based on the experiences with the Electronic Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), founded in 1995. Development: This journal is an example of a particular category of open access journals, which use neither author charges nor subscriptions to finance their operations, but rely largely on unpaid voluntary work in the spirit of the open source movement. The journal has, after some initial struggle, survived its first decade and is now established as one of half-a-dozen peer reviewed journals in its field. Operations: The journal publishes articles as they become ready, but creates virtual issues through alerting messages to &quot;subscribers.&quot; It has also started to publish special issues, since this helps in attracting submissions, and also helps in sharing the work-load of review management. From the start the journal adopted a rather traditional layout of the articles. After the first few years the HTML version was dropped and papers are only published in PDF format. Performance: The journal has recently been benchmarked against the competing journals in its field. Its acceptance rate of 53% is slightly higher and its average turnaround time of seven months almost a year faster compared to those journals in the sample for which data could be obtained. The server log files for the past three years have also been studied. Conclusions: Our overall experience demonstrates that it is possible to publish this type of OA journal, with a yearly publishing volume equal to a quarterly journal and involving the processing of some fifty submissions a year, using a networked volunteer-based organization.
User Satisfaction with Referrals at a Collaborative Virtual Reference Service
Author: Kwon, Nahyun
Date: 2006-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: User Satisfaction (Information),Referral,Library Services,Reference Services,Computer Mediated Communication,Online Surveys,Incidence,Information Seeking,Library Research,Electronic Libraries,Inquiry,Classification,Public Libraries,Content Analysis,Transcripts (Written Records),Surveys

Introduction: This study investigated unmonitored referrals in a nationwide, collaborative chat reference service. Specifically, it examined the extent to which questions are referred, the types of questions that are more likely to be referred than others, and the level of user satisfaction with the referrals in the collaborative chat reference service. Method: The data analysed for this study were 420 chat reference transaction transcripts along with corresponding online survey questionnaires submitted by the service users. Both sets of data were collected from an electronic archive of a southeastern state public library system that has participated in 24/7 Reference of the Metropolitan Cooperative Library System (MCLS). Results: Referrals in the collaborative chat reference service comprised approximately 30% of the total transactions. Circulation-related questions were the most often referred among all question types, possibly because of the inability of &quot;outside&quot; librarians to access patron accounts. Most importantly, user satisfaction with referrals was found to be significantly lower than that of completed answers. Conclusion: The findings of this study addressed the importance of distinguishing two types of referrals: the expert research referrals conducive to collaborative virtual reference services; and the re-directional local referrals that increase unnecessary question traffic, thereby being detrimental to effective use of collaborative reference. Continuing efforts to conceptualize referrals in multiple dimensions are anticipated to fully grasp complex phenomena underlying referrals.
Constructing Web Subject Gateways Using Dublin Core, the Resource Description Framework and Topic Maps
Author: Tramullas, Jesus
Date: 2006-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Metadata,Computer Software,Information Management,Internet,Information Sources,Access to Information,Information Retrieval

Introduction: Specialised subject gateways have become an essential tool for locating and accessing digital information resources, with the added value of organisation and previous evaluation catering for the needs of the varying communities using these. Within the framework of a research project on the subject, a software tool has been developed that enables subject gateways to be developed and managed. Method: General guidelines for the work were established which set out the main principles for the technical aspects of the application, on one hand, and on aspects of the treatment and management of information, on the other. All this has been integrated into a prototype model for developing software tools. Analysis: The needs analysis established the conditions to be fulfilled by the application. A detailed study of the available options for the treatment of information on metadata proved that the best option was to use the Dublin Core, and that the metadata set should be included, in turn, in RDF tags, or in tags based on XML. Results: The project has resulted in the development of two versions of an application called Potnia (versions 1 and 2), which fulfil the requirements set out in the main principles, and which have been tested by users in real application environments. Conclusion: The tagging layout found to be the best, and the one used by the writers, is based on integrating the Dublin Core metadata set within the Topic Maps paradigm, formatted in XTM.
Pre-Service Science Teachers' Views about Nuclear Energy with Respect to Gender and University Providing Instruction
Author: Ates, H.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Preservice Teachers,Student Attitudes,Gender Differences,Foreign Countries,Institutional Characteristics,Statistical Analysis,Surveys,Nuclear Energy,Factor Analysis,Science Education,Multivariate Analysis

The purpose of this research was to investigate pre-service science teachers' (PST) views about nuclear energy and to examine what effects, if any, of gender and the university of instruction had on their views. Data were collected through the Risks and Benefits about Nuclear Energy Scale (Iseri, 2012). The sample consisted of 214 PSTs who enrolled in the faculties of education at Ahi Evran University (n = 100) and Erciyes University (n = 114) in Turkey. Findings revealed that the majority of PSTs believed that nuclear energy is useful and almost all participants supported nuclear energy when it concerns electricity and energy generation, national defense and prestige in the international community. Additionally, according to the results of two-way MANOVA analysis, while there was a statistically significant difference regarding the university of instruction, there were no significant differences between genders in both the risk and benefit dimensions. While the eta squared statistic showed a small effect size for the gender variable, a large effect size emerged for the university variable.
The Ethics of DeCSS Posting: Towards Assessing the Morality of the Internet Posting of DVD Copyright Circumvention Software
Author: Eschenfelder, Kristin R.
Date: 2006-07-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethics,Internet,Copyrights,Computer Software,Video Technology,Civil Disobedience,Content Analysis,Web Sites,Speech,Open Source Technology,Comparative Analysis

Introduction: We investigate the conditions under which posting software known as &quot;DeCSS&quot; on the Internet is ethical. DeCSS circumvents the access and copy control protection measures on commercial DVDs. Through our investigation, we point to limitations in current frameworks used to assess ethical computer based civil disobedience. Method: The paper draws on empirical findings of actual DeCSS posting to consider the limitations of current frameworks. Findings were generated from content analysis of Web sites that post DeCSS using search engine sampling with file name, language, and server location delimiters. Content analysis examined the number of Websites hosting DeCSS, the presence or absence of speech related to DeCSS and Free/Open Source software, and the arguments explaining DeCSS posting. Analysis: Drawing on theorizing from political philosophy and the existing frameworks, the paper compares characteristics of actual DeCSS posting to the existing frameworks. Results: The paper points out six areas that require further attention in ethical frameworks--determining motivation for posting, deciding whether some groups have more moral standing to post, assessing knowledge of the laws related to circumvention and posting, determining if protesters have taken related political actions, the legality of various formats of circumvention devices, and the physical geography of the participants.
Towards Formal Evaluation of Collaborative Work
Author: Baeza-Yates, Ricardo
Date: 2006-07-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teamwork,Qualitative Research,Courseware,Predictor Variables,Productivity,Time on Task,Educational Quality,Group Membership,Evaluation Methods,Performance Based Assessment,Case Studies,Information Retrieval,Search Strategies,Metadata,Educational Experiments,Foreign Countries

Introduction: Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) projects are difficult to evaluate when implemented at most organizations. There are many variables and some of these are qualitative and hard to assess. However, there are other variables that could be measured and, thus, for a specific CSCW system, management could have a performance estimate. Method: A groupware application is modelled, focusing on the work done and time spent on the collaboration. Analysis: The following variables and their relations are studied: quality of the outcomes, number of people involved and time spent on the overall task, and total work done. Results: An application--collaborative retrieval--is formalized to illustrate the model. For this application, a specific heuristic is proposed to the case when many people search for the same information, thereby increasing the recall and precision of the answer. The evaluation methodology is applied to this case, showing some experimental results. Conclusion: We present an initial attempt to formally evaluate performance measures related to CSCW applications.
Challenges in Sharing Information Effectively: Examples from Command and Control
Author: Sonnenwald, Diane H.
Date: 2006-07-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teamwork,Information Dissemination,Observation,Interviews,Sharing Behavior,Access to Information,Simulation,Military Training,Information Policy,Affective Behavior,Trust (Psychology),Group Dynamics

Introduction: The goal of information sharing is to change a person's image of the world and to develop a shared working understanding. It is an essential component of collaboration. This paper examines barriers to sharing information effectively in dynamic group work situations. Method: Three types of battlefield training simulations were observed and open-ended interviews with military personnel were conducted. Analysis: Observation notes and interview transcripts were analysed to identify incidents when group members erroneously believed they had shared information effectively and were collaborating successfully, i.e., a deceptively false shared understanding had emerged. These incidents were analysed to discover what led to these unsuspected breakdowns in information sharing. Results: Unsuspected breakdowns in information sharing emerged when: differences in implementations of shared symbols were not recognized; implications of relevant information were not shared; differences in the role and expression of emotions when sharing information was not understood; and, the need to re-establish trust was not recognized. Conclusion: The challenges in information sharing identified here may extend to other high stress, unique and complex situations, such as natural disasters. Recommendations for more effective information behaviour techniques in dynamic group work situations are presented.
Evaluating High School Students' Conceptions of the Relationship between Mathematics and Physics: Development of a Questionnaire
Author: Kapucu, S.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Test Construction,Questionnaires,High School Students,Mathematical Concepts,Scientific Concepts,Mathematics,Physics,Factor Analysis,Factor Structure,Phenomenology,Test Validity,Test Reliability

The purposes of this study were (1) to develop a questionnaire measuring high school students' conceptions of the relationship between mathematics and physics, (2) and to determine the students' conceptions of the relationship between mathematics and physics. A total of 718 high school students (343 male, 375 female) participated in this study. Espousing a phenomenographic approach, a Relationship between Mathematics and Physics Questionnaire (RMPQ) was first developed. Then explanatory factor analysis (EFA) to identify factor structure and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) to verify the EFA results were performed on the data obtained. Data analyses showed that the RMPQ was a reliable and valid instrument to identify the students' conceptions of the relationship between mathematics and physics. Descriptive results also revealed that the majority of the students believed that mathematics and physics closely related to each other in terms of their content and daily-life relations. They also believed that mathematics was needed to understand physics.