ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Summary of the Research on Metaphors Regarding Turkish EFL Teachers&apos; Roles
Author: Demir, Yusuf
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Figurative Language,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Language Teachers,Teacher Role,Teacher Characteristics,Preservice Teachers,College Students,Facilitators (Individuals),Scaffolding (Teaching Technique),Qualitative Research,Professional Identity,Language Usage,Teacher Attitudes,Student Attitudes

This meta-summary set out to provide an overarching comprehension of the metaphorical conceptualizations with regard to Turkish EFL teachers' roles. Following the searches in a large number of international and national databases, and the setting of specific criteria for inclusion, eight research papers remained for investigation. The data analysis followed a theory-driven deductive approach to thematic analysis, by adopting the framework offered by Saban, Koçbeker and Saban (2006). After the transformation and standardization of the data sets in the related studies, it was found out that Turkish EFL teachers are most characterized by knowledge provider, and then facilitator/scaffolder roles. These are followed by nurturer/cultivator and archetype of spirit roles. Among the least associated roles with these teachers were superior authority figure, molder and agent of change. When intergroup differences of the perceptions are examined, ELT student teachers and English learners conceptualized Turkish EFL teachers mainly as knowledge provider followed by facilitator/scaffolder, whereas the teachers tended to assign themselves the role of a facilitator/scaffolder most, followed by leader, knowledge provider, and entertainer.
Exploring the Effect of Teaching Test-Taking Strategies on Intermediate Level Learners on Reading Section of IELTS; Learners&apos; Attitude in Focus
Author: Khoshsima, Hooshang
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Language Tests,Second Language Learning,Test Wiseness,Reading Tests,Test Coaching,Student Attitudes,Foreign Countries,Statistical Analysis,Questionnaires

Language proficiency tests have become common instruments to judge people based on their performance. Thus, the scores on language proficiency tests, such as the International English Language Testing System (IELTS) or Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), play a crucial role in the test-takers' lives. Because of increasing demands on the part of students to get a good score on these tests, test preparatory courses have emerged. These preparatory courses, characteristically short and limited in terms of time, equip IELTS candidates with the skills required for passing the test, called test-taking strategies. The present study explored the effect of strategy teaching--namely wash-back effect on reading section of academic IELTS on intermediate learners in Iran. Besides, learners' attitude toward the strategy teaching was investigated as well. According to the descriptive statistics and t-test results, those learners who received strategy teaching outperformed those who had not received strategy teaching in reading section of IELTS. According to t-test results, there was a significant difference between the mean scores of the two groups since the p value was lower than 0.05 (p &lt;0.001). Furthermore, the learners had positive attitudes toward receiving strategy teaching since there was a significant difference between the obtained mean score and the presupposed average because the p value was lower than 0.05.
Cultural Preservation: Rediscovering the Endangered Oral Tradition of Maluku (A Case Study on &quot;Kapata&quot; of Central Maluku)
Author: Rahman, Fathu
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Cultural Maintenance,Oral Tradition,Language Usage,Cultural Influences,Indigenous Populations,Qualitative Research,Interviews,Language of Instruction,Folk Culture

Language and culture are two aspects which interchange each other where the language is a medium to get information about the culture. As the product of language and culture, oral tradition plays a vital role in Maluku not only as the most powerful and sacred chant that regulate the life of people but also as the folk song that contains history, advice, and prayer. Kapata nowadays is assumed as the endangered oral traditions in Maluku. To rediscover the endangered oral traditions, descriptive qualitative research by using interview and library study in gaining the supporting information was implemented. Furthermore, this research was aimed (1) to figure out the history of Kapata and the way to preserve it (2) to map out the categories of Kapata and its function in social life, and (3) to elaborate the meaning of language expression conveyed in Kapata. Through this research, it is hoped that Kapata can be preserved by implementing it in formal education, art performance and framing in an advanced documentation so that all generations of Maluku are able to not only to recognize and make use it in social life as the way to preserve the Kapata as an endangered oral tradition.
Philosophical-Psychological&apos;s Recognition of Concept of Spirituality
Author: Solgi, Maryam
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Philosophy,Psychology,Religious Factors,Christianity,Spiritual Development,Definitions,Etymology,Buddhism,World Views

In many of the contemporary writings, the scholars have talked about spirituality as a constant pursuit of humanity throughout history. Throughout history, the search for spirituality has found numerous cultural interpretations, but its critical and comparative study in the global and intercultural context is an emerging phenomenon of the twentieth century. Although many contemporary dictionaries and encyclopedias refer to spiritualism, spiritual associations, and spiritual experiences, or spiritual ways, they are not necessarily included an entry for spirituality in the true sense of the word. Some religions do not have a precise word for the term 'spirituality' which derives from the Christian tradition, but nevertheless the notion of spirituality has become popular today and is now used both inside and outside the religions as well as in the inter-faith and secular fields. The tendencies that are common in contemporary times to spirituality emphasize individuality and self-development and have been accompanied by a different understanding of human psychology.
Multiple Intelligences-Based Planning of EFL Classes
Author: Zebari, Sanan Shero Malo
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Multiple Intelligences,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,College Students,Gender Differences,Questionnaires,Kinesthetic Perception,Interpersonal Competence,Language Skills,Spatial Ability,Logical Thinking,Mathematics Skills,Music,Foreign Countries,Self Concept,Natural Resources,Statistical Analysis

The present study aimed to set a plan for teaching EFL classes based on the identification of university students' dominant multiple intelligences in EFL classes, and the differences in the types of intelligence between female and male students in terms of their gender. The problem the present study aimed to address is that the traditional concept that &quot;one size fits all&quot; is still adopted by many EFL teachers, and that EFL students' differences and preferences are noticeably unheeded. It is believed that identifying students' dominant intelligences is a sound remedial solution for such a problem before embarking on any teaching program. Moreover, getting students aware of their different types of intelligence will motivate and encourage them in the classroom. The researchers used a questionnaire as a research instrument for data collection. The results arrived at showed that there were no significant differences in the types of intelligence between female and male students in terms of their gender, except for bodily-kinesthetic intelligence. They also showed that the dominant intelligences were ranked from the highest to the lowest as follows interpersonal, linguistic, spatial, logical-mathematical, bodily kinesthetic, intrapersonal, musical, and naturalistic.
Investigating Iraqi EFL College Students&apos; Ability of Parametric Resetting
Author: al-Utbi, Mahdi I. Kareem
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,College Students,Semitic Languages,Knowledge Level,Language Skills,Grammar,Statistical Analysis,Language Usage,Translation,Sentences,Verbs

This paper tries to answer whether Iraqi EFL college students are able to reset the parametric values of their native Arabic into those which suit English. It aims at enhancing Iraqi students' knowledge of some of the parametric values of English via tackling three parameters: &quot;Null-subject parameter,&quot; &quot;Head-parameter,&quot; and &quot;Serial parameter.&quot; To achieve the aim of this study, Grammaticality Judgment Tasks are administered to sixty students of the fourth year at the Department of English- College of Languages/University of Baghdad for the academic year 2016-2017. The students' responses have been corrected and statically analysed. The study concludes that Iraqi EFL students' ability to reset parameters varies as to the parameter in question since they have succeeded to reset the &quot;Head parameter,&quot; but failed to reset the &quot;Serial parameter&quot;; this is accompanied by a partial ability to rest the &quot;Null-subject parameter.&quot; As well, it has further been revealed that Iraqi EFL students' inability to reset a parameter is due to negative transfer from Arabic to English, hence EFL learners need be exposed to extensive input data to encourage the resetting of parameters.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Repetition Strategies on Vocabulary Retention
Author: Altalhab, Sultan
Date: 2018-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Repetition,Oral Language,Written Language,Vocabulary Development,Pretests Posttests,Retention (Psychology),Instructional Effectiveness,Recall (Psychology),Foreign Countries,Intermediate Grades,Statistical Analysis,Scores,Teaching Methods

This experimental study examines the role of oral and written repetition strategies in consolidating new vocabulary in the classroom context. The participants in this study were divided into three treatment groups: oral, written and oral+written. A pretest and three delayed post-tests given at one day, one week and six weeks intervals were utilised in the study. The short and long-term retention of 12 unknown words was investigated over one semester. The results revealed that all three types of repetition strategies were effective in retaining new vocabulary in the short-term. However, in the long-term, the oral+written group achieved superior results while the oral group was the least effective. The findings on the effectiveness of employing these strategies across two levels of vocabulary knowledge (meaning recall and form recall) are discussed. These findings demonstrate the importance of repetition strategies in vocabulary learning.
&quot;The Principle Features of English Pragmatics in Applied Linguistics&quot;
Author: Siddiqui, Ali
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Pragmatics,Applied Linguistics,Speech Acts,Language Usage,Social Behavior,Interpersonal Communication,English

Pragmatics is a major study of linguistics that defines the hidden meanings of a writer and speaker towards the conjoining effort of linguistic form. It is stated along with its user. Within pragmatics the importance is usually given to a contextual meaning, where every other meaning of given context is referred to speaker as well as writer that wishes to state something. Therefore, the field of Pragmatics helps to deal with speaker's intended meaning. It is the scope of pragmatics that shows some of linguistic relating terms. They are often stated as utterances, which are informative contribution through physical or real utterance of the meaning, uses of word, structure and setting of the conversations. The second is a speech act that focuses on what the writer and the speaker wants to say to someone. So in this way, the major purpose of pragmatics is engaged with addressor's intended words to communicate with the addressee.
Students Demotivating Factors in the EFL Classroom: The Case of Morocco
Author: Khouya, Youssef Baba
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Student Motivation,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Questionnaires,Writing Tests,Statistical Analysis,Student Attitudes,Self Concept,Language Teachers,Class Size,Textbooks,Classroom Environment,Gender Differences,Secondary School Students

This study was conducted to investigate the problem of demotivation in English language learning (ELL) within the Moroccan context. To attain this objective, two instruments were adopted: a questionnaire and a writing test. The participants involved in this study were 201 baccalaureate students (second year) from six secondary schools, 84 were males and 117 were females. The data gathered was quantitatively analyzed through frequency distribution and percentages, Cross-tabulation, Chi-Square Tests, Independent Samples t-Test, in addition to the statistical significance which was set at the level of 0.05 (95%) for all statistical procedures. Six main findings were reported: (1) students positively perceived themselves in ELL; (2) students did not consider English language as a demotivating factor while learning it itself; (3) students were largely positive towards their teachers of English; (4) crowded classrooms were the main demotivators in learning environment among classmates, textbook of English, and classroom atmosphere; (5) generally, learning environment was the main demotivating factor in ELL; (6) as for gender, there was no significant difference between males and females in terms of the number of demotivating factors that they encountered. In the light of these findings, some pertinent implications were provided.
Intercultural Communicative Competence and English for Academic Purposes: A Synthesis Review of the Scholarly Literature
Author: Douglas, Scott Roy
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Communicative Competence (Languages),Intercultural Communication,English for Academic Purposes,Literature Reviews,Synthesis,Ethnocentrism,Acculturation,Cultural Awareness,Cultural Pluralism,Identification (Psychology),Learning Experience,Academic Achievement

With increasing numbers of students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds enrolling in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs, understanding intercultural communicative competence can contribute to developing effective EAP pathways to higher education. This review of the literature was carried out to synthesize and uncover emerging themes related to intercultural communicative competence and EAP over a 20-year period from 1996 to 2016. A careful search found 15 scholarly works related to this topic. Papers were coded and analyzed for their key findings to reveal eight major themes: miscommunication, ethnocentrism, acculturation, awareness, ethnorelativism, identity, teaching and learning, and academic success. The scant literature related to the topic points to the need for further research. However, the findings do indicate how EAP practitioners can move away from ethnocentric perceptions and programs of study fixed on acculturation toward ethnorelative understandings and EAP classrooms that support intercultural awareness for both teachers and students.
The Effect of Using Video Technology on Improving Reading Comprehension of Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners
Author: Mohammadian, Amir
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Video Technology,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Teaching Methods,Control Groups,Experimental Groups,Reading Comprehension,Reading Instruction,Foreign Countries,Comparative Analysis,Language Proficiency,Multimedia Instruction,Student Placement,High School Students,Reading Tests,Multiple Choice Tests,Pretests Posttests,Computer Assisted Instruction,Instructional Effectiveness,Statistical Analysis

With the development of educational technology, the concept of technology-enhanced multimedia instructions is using widely in the educational settings. Technology can be employed in teaching different skills such as listening, reading, speaking and writing. Among these skills, reading comprehension is the skill in which EFL learners have some problems to master. Regarding this issue, the present study aimed at investigating the effect of video materials on improving reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners. A Longman Placement Test was administered to 30 EFL learners to ensure that learners are at the same level of proficiency. The students were chosen from the state high schools in Chabahar. The participants were regarded as intermediate learners and were divided into two groups (one experimental group and one control group). Then, a pre-test of reading comprehension was administered to assess the participants' reading comprehension. The participants of experimental group used video files to improve their reading comprehension while the control group received conventional approaches of teaching reading comprehension. Finally, all the participants were assigned a 40-item multiple-choice reading comprehension post-test. The results of the study indicated that video materials had a significant effect on promoting reading comprehension of Iranian intermediate EFL learners (p = 0.000, &lt;0.05).
The Study on the Interpersonal Meanings of Modality in Micro-Blogging English News Discourse by the Case of &quot;Donald Trump&apos;s Muslim Entry Ban&quot;
Author: Rui, Zhai
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Electronic Publishing,Muslims,News Reporting,Interpersonal Communication,Discourse Analysis,Public Policy,Presidents,Qualitative Research,Statistical Analysis,Schemata (Cognition),Language Usage,English,Language Research,Emotional Response,Foreign Countries

News is a kind of writing style, which is so valuable that many linguists choose it to study. This thesis aims to conduct a systemic analysis of modality type, value and orientation under the framework of Halliday's Systemic-functional Grammar in order to explore the interpersonal meanings of modality in English news discourse. The research data is drawn from microblogging official platforms, among which 20 pieces of news discourse in all are selected to establish a small type of corpus. All the 20 pieces of news discourse are taken from the microblogging in 1.20 to 2.20 of 2017. All the news is about &quot;Donald Trump's Muslim Entry Ban&quot; (A ban made by Donald Trump, which claimed that Muslim can't enter America). Meanwhile, both qualitative and quantitative research methods are adopted to discover the distribution of modality in micro-blogging news discourse and its interpersonal meanings, and hence to deepen people's cognition and understanding on micro-blogging news discourse. Through a detailed analysis, the study has a lot of findings. We found that modality language is widely used in micro-blogging news. From the perspective of modality type, reporters prefer to use finite modal adjunct such as &quot;will&quot; in the type of modulation to show their emotional attitude of the target thing. From the perspective of modality value, we can see that median value is the most popular among three values for reporters, and &quot;will&quot; and &quot;would&quot; are the most popular expressions that express the speaker's expectations, willingness and determination or the reporter's views, attitudes on the possibility of a certain event. Meanwhile, from the perspective of modality orientation, the speaker or writer tends to use implicit objective orientation in order to show objectiveness of the news discourse and get rid of writers' responsibilities. This paper attempts to analyze modality in micro-blogging English news discourse from the perspective of interpersonal functions which aims to provide a new method for discourse analysis and acts as a beneficial complementary to modality language analysis.
Which Cultural Aspects Do the Textbooks of Teaching Turkish to Foreigners Transfer?
Author: Baskin, Sami
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Turkish,Textbooks,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Transfer of Training,Correlation,Cultural Awareness,Interpersonal Competence,Daily Living Skills,Qualitative Research,Folk Culture,Social Life,Values,Literature,Music,Textbook Content,Content Analysis,Foreign Countries,Immigrants

Teaching a foreign language aims at not only teaching the language and language skills, but transferring the culture of the target language. The main reason for that is people learn the target language as a standby in addition to learning the language. It is important that the more individuals learn the cultural features of the country the more they understand the language better. It is an undeniable fact that language and culture are inseparable parts, so culture should be learned simultaneously while learning that language. Because of that relationship between language and culture, language teaching also means teaching culture. Foreign language textbooks reflect the characteristics of the language-speaking community and make it a cultural product of that language. This study is to identify the place and importance of the textbooks used in teaching Turkish to foreigners in the target language teaching and to research which cultural items these books convey. Thus, A1-A2 level textbooks of the Turkish teaching set for Gazi Foreigners were selected as a sample and done document analysis to identify what these sources include in terms of &quot;daily life, interpersonal relations, values and education, literature-arts and music, traditions and folklore, social life, geography and space, foreign (universal) cultural elements&quot;. It was observed that the elements of Turkish culture concentrated on the relation between daily life and interpersonal relations, and there was no balanced distribution among other cultural elements. Therefore, these books need to be reviewed so that they can raise cultural awareness of the students.
Study on the Role of Video Educational Games with a Linguistic Approach in English Language Education of the 2nd Grade High School Students
Author: Jalalian, Farzad
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Video Games,Educational Games,Sampling,Control Groups,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Recall (Psychology),High School Students,Pretests Posttests,Statistical Analysis,Second Language Instruction,Quasiexperimental Design,Comparative Analysis,Scores,Reading Comprehension,Experimental Groups,Teaching Methods,Foreign Countries,Role

The inability of English language learners to recall English concepts is a major challenge faced by teachers. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of video educational games with a linguistic approach in English language education of the 2nd grade high school students. This is an applied and quasi-experimental study conducted in 2016. For the purpose of this study, we divided the participants into test and control groups and omitted the impacts of covariate (pretest scores measured before execution of any test on the learners). The statistical population consists of 90 students, divided into three groups each consisting of 30 students. Due to the long process of the research, we used availability sampling method in order to minimize the drop in the number of participants. The data was analyzed by SPSS and ANCOVA. The results of this study confirmed that a significant difference exists between English language recalling ability of 2nd grade high school students in test and control groups who are provided with video educational games with and without English language concepts respectively. We concluded that video educational games play an effective role in English language recalling ability of the students. Therefore, it is recommended that video educational games be used for enriching the leisure times of English learners.