ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Michigan School Privatization Survey 2010
Author: Hohman, James M.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Educational Finance,School Districts,Privatization,Student Transportation,Food Service,Sanitation,School Maintenance,Statistical Distributions,Contracts,Outsourcing,Cost Effectiveness,School Administration,Finance Reform,Shared Resources and Services,Operations Research,Program Effectiveness,School Policy,School Surveys,Annual Reports,Ancillary School Services

Privatization of support services has been a method that Michigan school districts have used for several years to lower costs. More than ever before, Michigan school districts are privatizing the three main support services they offer--food, custodial and transportation. The annual survey finds that 48.8 percent of Michigan school districts are contracting out for these services. This is an 8 percent increase over 2009. The largest impetus for contracting is cost savings. The survey found that first year contracts alone are expected to save districts $16.7 million cumulatively. The Mackinac Center has surveyed Michigan public school districts about their use of private contracts since 2001 and annually since 2005. More and more each year, districts contract out to save money. They also consistently report satisfaction with the contracts they have in place. New to the 2010 survey is a question on shared services. House Bill 6488 has been introduced that would establish a shared services commission to study district consolidation and allow the state superintendent to force consolidation. The 2010 Survey Results include: (1) 48.8 percent of districts (269 out of 551) contract out for food, custodial or transportation services; (2) 57 new food, custodial or transportation services were outsourced this year; (3) Eight districts brought services back in-house this year; and (4) New contracts alone were estimated to save taxpayers $16.7 million statewide. Map of Survey Findings by School District is appended. (Contains 9 graphs.) [For the 2009 edition of this report, see ED541529.]
What Works Clearinghouse Quick Review: &quot;Expanding College Opportunities for High-Achieving, Low Income Students&quot;
Author: What Works Clearinghouse (ED)
Date: 2013-04-00
Type: Reports - Evaluative
Subjects: High School Seniors,High Achievement,Economically Disadvantaged,Access to Education,College Applicants,Guidance,Student Costs,Access to Information,Intervention,Educational Research,Program Effectiveness,College Admission,Enrollment

This study examined the effects of providing low-income, high-achieving high school seniors with college application guidance and information about the costs of college. The &quot;application guidance&quot; included information about deadlines and requirements for college applications at nearby institutions, at the state's flagship institution, and at in- and out-of-state selective colleges. The study reported that the intervention increased the percentage of students who: (a) applied to a selective institution (from 55% to 67%), (b) were admitted to a selective institution (from 30% to 39%), and (c) enrolled in a selective institution (from 29% to 34%). Students in the intervention group also completed more admissions applications, and were admitted to more colleges, than students in the comparison group. All of these differences were statistically significant. The study is a randomized controlled trial. As such it could potentially &quot;meet What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) evidence standards without reservations.&quot; However, there was attrition in the overall study sample, and more information is needed to determine whether attrition rates were similar in the intervention and comparison groups. A more thorough review (forthcoming) will explore this issue further and will determine the final study rating. [The following study is reviewed in this &quot;Quick Review&quot;: Hoxby, C., &amp; Turner, S. (2013). &quot;Expanding college opportunities for high-achieving, low income students.&quot; Stanford, CA: Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research.]
Michigan School Privatization Survey 2007
Author: Smith, Daniel J.
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Public Schools,Food Service,School Districts,Privatization,Educational Policy,Educational Finance,Cost Effectiveness,Educational Trends,Outsourcing,School Surveys,State Surveys,National Surveys,Telephone Surveys,School Maintenance,Student Transportation,Lunch Programs

From April 25 through June 30, 2007, the Mackinac Center for Public Policy conducted its fifth survey of the privatization of bus, food and janitorial services among Michigan's 552 conventional public school districts. All Michigan school districts responded. In 2007, the Mackinac Center also conducted a nationwide survey of state education departments to determine the rate at which U.S. school districts contract with food service management companies. Only 13.2 percent of conventional public school districts in the nation contract with such companies--less than half the Michigan rate. The 2007 Michigan survey also found that 14.3 percent of Michigan districts said that they were contracting for custodial services to some degree. This figure indicates a higher rate of growth for this service than for the other two. For the second year in a row, the number of districts contracting for janitorial services increased by a staggering 25.2 percent. The survey indicated that as of June 30, 2007, an additional 42 districts were considering privatization of food, custodial or transportation services for the 2007-2008 school year. Following completion of the survey, two districts contracted their custodial services, but those numbers are not included in this year's survey totals. Appended are: (1) Survey Findings by County; and (2) Map of Survey Findings by School District. (Contains 16 graphs and 22 footnotes.)
Michigan School Privatization Survey 2008
Author: Hohman, James M.
Date: 2008-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Counties,Unions,State Legislation,Competition,Telephone Surveys,Public Schools,Food Service,School Districts,Privatization,Educational Policy,Educational Finance,Cost Effectiveness,Educational Trends,Outsourcing,School Surveys,State Surveys,National Surveys,School Maintenance,Student Transportation,Lunch Programs

Privatization of school support services is a time-tested means for lowering educational costs. The three major services that school districts in Michigan contract out for are food, custodial and transportation. The Mackinac Center for Public Policy's survey of privatization is the longest running and most comprehensive source of school support service data in the nation. The Mackinac Center surveys all school districts in the state annually and has found that the overall rate of contracting out for food, custodial and transportation services has increased every year since the survey's inception in 2001. The most recent data are no exception: As of June 2008, 42.2 percent of school districts contract out, an increase of 4.9 percent over 2007. For the fifth consecutive survey, privatization of school support services increased. The 2008 survey shows that 42.2 percent of Michigan school districts contracted for at least one of the three major noninstructional services: food, custodial or transportation. This is an increase of 4.9 percent from last year and an increase of 36.1 percent since the survey's inception in 2001. Table containing information on county's Districts Contracting in 2008, Total Number of Districts in Each county and Percent of total districts is appended. (Contains 10 graphs.) [For the 2007 edition of this report, see ED541527.]
Michigan School Privatization Survey 2009
Author: Hohman, James M.
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Economic Climate,Counties,Unions,State Legislation,Competition,Telephone Surveys,Public Schools,Food Service,School Districts,Privatization,Educational Policy,Educational Finance,Cost Effectiveness,Educational Trends,Outsourcing,School Surveys,State Surveys,National Surveys,School Maintenance,Student Transportation,Lunch Programs,Financial Problems

With Michigan's public school districts facing a decline in per-pupil funding, more districts are contracting out for at least one of the three major school support services--food, custodial and transportation--than ever before. This year's survey of school districts found that 44.6 percent of all Michigan school districts contract out for at least one of these services, a 5.6 percent increase over 2008.This year, new contracts alone are expected to save $6.9 million. Since 2001, the Mackinac Center has surveyed public school districts in Michigan about their use of contractors in providing support services. Each year, more districts contract out to save money and improve services. The 2009 Survey Results include: (1) 44.6 percent of districts (246 out of 551) contract out for food, custodial or transportation services; (2) 29 food, custodial or transportation services were outsourced this year; (3) Eight districts insourced services this year; and (4) New contracts alone were estimated to save taxpayers $6.9 million statewide. Privatization continues to increase this year as 246 districts contracted out for food, custodial or transportation services. Contracting has increased 44 percent since 2001 and displays a steady trend, growing an average of 6.3 percent each year. Map of Survey Findings by School District is appended. (Contains 5 graphs.) [For the 2008 edition of this report, see ED541528.]
Michigan School Privatization Survey 2012
Author: Hohman, James M.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Educational Finance,Educational Opportunities,School Districts,Privatization,School Support,Student Transportation,Food Service,Cost Effectiveness,Operations Research,Strategic Planning,Statistical Distributions,Statistical Surveys,Contracts,Outsourcing,Sanitation,Shared Resources and Services,Program Effectiveness,School Administration,Ancillary School Services,Financial Problems,Economic Impact

Michigan's School Aid fund increased once more this year, but many school administrators in the state continue to hunt for effective measures to reduce spending due to increased pension costs and phased-out stimulus money. Many options available for trimming costs, such as enacting pay-to-play for sports, are extremely unpopular for districts and may reduce the quality of education available to students. However, privatization of support services such as food, custodial and transportation services is a promising opportunity for many districts to save money without reducing educational opportunity. Over 60 percent of Michigan school districts have now contracted out at least one of these three services and have saved Michigan taxpayers millions in the process. 335 of the state's 549 public school districts, or 61 percent, have now privatized one or more major support services. Sixty-six districts began a support-service contract within the past year. This growth continues a decade-long trend of increased contracting by Michigan schools, which the Mackinac Center has studied since 2001. Each of the three major support services saw a growth in privatization over the past year. The 2012 Survey Results include: (1) 61 percent of districts (335 out of 549) contract out for at least one of their food, custodial or transportation services; (2) 126 districts contract out for at least two major support services; (3) Districts contracted out 85 total services; and (4) 11 districts brought a service back in-house. Appended are: (1) Revisions to Previous Publications; and (2) Map of Survey Findings by School District. (Contains 9 graphs.) [For the 2011 edition of this report, see ED541514.]
A School Building Program for Athens, Georgia. Bulletin, 1921, No. 25
Author: Fernandez, Alice Barrows
Date: 1921-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Educational Opportunities,Public Schools,Expenditures,Bond Issues,Construction Programs,School Buildings,Individual Needs,Urban Schools,School Construction,Urban Areas,School Size,Educational Facilities Improvement,Play,Curriculum,Equipment,White Students,African American Students,Educational Environment

Athens was the pioneer in bringing higher education to the youth of Georgia. Will it lead in reconstructing its public school plant so as to bring modern educational advantages to the children of the public schools? This question states the real significance of a school building program for Athens at the present time. This report describes what the present conditions are in the schools of Athens, Georgia; outlines a permanent building program which will take care of congestion and provide for growth over a period of at least 10 years; outlines in detail what part of this program can be carried out with the $323,000 bond issue; and shows that it is financially possible for Athens to carry out the permanent building program in the near future. Contents of this bulletin include: (1) Athens as educational center; (2) Athens developing into an industrial city; (3) Significance of a school-building program for Athens; (4) Contemplated bond issue inadequate for needs of schools; (5) Present conditions in the public schools; (6) Schools badly congested--439 more children than school seats; (7) No modern school facilities in the elementary schools; (8) The high schools; (9) Work and play as necessary as study; (10) The city school must provide opportunity for the work and play which the home can no longer provide; (11) The balanced-load plan versus the peak load; (12) The work-study-play, or balanced-load, plan; (13) Principle of multiple use makes modern educational facilities financially practicable; (14) Educational advantage of the plan--an enriched curriculum; (15) Flexibility of the program meets individual needs of children; (16) The school takes over the street time of the child; (17) Principles upon which the proposed building program has been worked out; (18) The importance of equipment; (19) Importance of fire-proof buildings; (20) Recommendations for a permanent building program for white schools; (21) Recommendations for a permanent building program for Negro schools; (22) Athens has the wealth to carry out the permanent building program proposed; (23) Recommendations for a building program planned on the basis of a bond issue of $323,000; (24) Athens behind other cities in school expenditures; and (25) Summary. Appended are: (1) The work-study-play plan in some cities; (2) Schedule showing capacity of complete school per class period, for school of 2,000 pupils; (3) Description of type building of which a diagram is submitted; (4) Enrollment in public schools, Athens Ga., 1913-14 to 1919-20; (5) Taxable wealth of Athens, Ga., 1920; and (6) Expenditures for all city departments, Athens, Ga., 1920. (Contains 3 tables, 3 exhibits and 7 charts.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Educational Survey of Elizabeth City North Carolina: Summary of Conclusions and Recommendations. Bulletin, 1921, No. 26
Author: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED)
Date: 1921-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Trustees,Construction Programs,Home Economics,Educational History,School Surveys,School Buildings,Enrollment,Administrative Organization,Census Figures,Elementary Schools,High Schools,School Holding Power,African American Students,White Students,Institutional Characteristics,Superintendents,Teacher Salaries,Psychomotor Skills,Boards of Education

On July 20, 1920, the board of school trustees invited the Commissioner of Education to undertake a survey of the schools of Elizabeth City, with the understanding that the cost would not exceed $1,500, and that the cost of the survey would be underwritten by the Elizabeth City Chamber of Commerce. On July 24-25 Commissioner Claxton and two members of the commission made a study of the buildings and gathered data upon which the recommendations concerning the building program were based. This part of the report was submitted to the board July 30, 1920. The remainder of the field work was done during the month of November, and included an aggregate of about 70 days. On Friday evening, January 7, 1921, the director of the survey presented an outline of the report, and discusses the conclusions and recommendations with the board in Elizabeth City. As rapidly as the work could be completed, the full text of the report was furnished to the board in manuscript, the last chapters being mailed on July 7, 1921. Following this introduction is a discussion of a building program, organization and administration, school census and enrollment, the elementary schools, the high school, home economics, and manual-training. (Contains 19 tables and 3 footnotes.) [A digest of the report of a survey of the public schools of Elizabeth City, North Carolina, made at the request of the Board of School Trustees, under the direction of the United States Commissioner of Education. Best copy available has been provided.]
Training for Foreign Service. Bulletin, 1921, No. 27
Author: Swiggett, Glen Levin, Comp.
Date: 1922-00-00
Type: Collected Works - General
Subjects: Textbooks,International Relations,Business Education,Program Design,International Trade,Transportation,Banking,Economics,Modern Languages,Second Language Learning,Public Policy,Federal Regulation,Government Employees,Males,Foreign Countries

The articles contained in this bulletin on foreign service training were assembled nearly three years ago. They were contributed by specialists, and deal with subjects which should be included in a fully developed major on foreign-service training for Government, business, social welfare, etc. These articles include, in addition to brief bibliographies of textbooks serviceable for use in college and of other books that may be helpful to general readers the writers' opinions in regard to the subject matter, the limitation and manner and presentation of this subject matter, its coordination with similar related subjects and amount of time that should be given to it in college and the semester or semesters with college year when it can be best offered. This bulletin is to serve two purposes: it should assist colleges to plan an adequate course of instruction on training for foreign service and should enable university men now in the field of business to plan for a systematic reading course. The technique of foreign trade skill in the actual transaction involved in merchandising, shipping, and financing should be strengthened by an understanding of the principles of commerce, of transportation, and banking; of motives that determine human conduct in social relationships; of Governmental regulations and policies. The variety and character of instruction now being offered as preparation for foreign trade in larger universities warrant the publication of a bulletin of this character. It is the belief of the compiler that these articles will stimulate further the marked  educational response to the demands of business for a trained and informed personnel in the conduct of foreign service of Government, business, etc. This paper is divided into the following parts: (1) Economics; (2) Government; (3) Modern Foreign Languages; and (4) Periodical Literature. Individual articles contain footnotes and references. [Best copy available has been provided.]
Educational Survey of Wheeling, West Virginia. Bulletin, 1921, No. 28
Author: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED)
Date: 1921-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Physical Education,Vocational Education,Art Education,Political Influences,Public Schools,Construction Programs,School Buildings,Home Economics,Educational History,School Surveys,Educational Administration,School Organization,Educational Legislation,Educational Finance,Accounting,High Schools,Elementary Schools,Health Education,Supervision,School Health Services,School Districts,Boards of Education,School Community Relationship

On December 17, 1920, the President of the board of school commissioners inquired concerning the possibility of having a survey of the public schools made under the direction of the United States Commissioner of Education. The conditions named were met by the board at a special meeting held on December 30, and an appropriation of $5,000 was made to cover the necessary expenses of the survey. The members of the survey commission were appointed by the Commissioner of Education, and the field work began on January 17. On March 10, the director of the survey made a report of the conclusions and recommendations at a special meeting of the board of school commissioners, and a digest of the report was given to the press for release on the morning of the 12th. The survey found some fundamental needs in Wheeling including: (1) Eliminate the subdistricts, except for attendance purposes; (2) Eliminate the local commissionerships, and have board members elected at large; (3) Provide a small board of men and women who will be beyond the reach of local, petty, personal, and political influences; (4) The board should delegate responsibility and authority to its chief executive, provide the necessary means, demand results, and then stand aside and let the superintendent and his organization get results; (5) The board should adopt impersonal ways of checking up results, efficiency, and economy; and (6) The board should take the community into its confidence fully, at all times, and keep the public informed as to policies, needs, and results. Contents of this bulletin include: (1) Organization and administration of the school system; (2) The legislative program; (3) Finances and accounting; (4) School buildings and grounds; (5) The building program; (6) The high schools; (7) The elementary schools; (8) Physical education, health supervision, and health teaching; (9) Home economics; (10) Manual training and vocational education; (11) Art education; and (12) Tangible results of the survey. (Contains 12 tables and 3 footnotes.) [A report of a survey of the public schools of the independent school district of Wheeling, West Virginia, made at the request of the Board of School Commissioners, under the direction of the United States Commissioner of Education. Best copy available has been provided.]