ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Construction of Freedom and Pluralism Education in Pastoral Areas
Author: Zhao, Shuyan
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethnic Groups,Intergroup Relations,Generalization,Freedom,Cultural Pluralism,Educational Theories,Cultural Influences,Animal Husbandry,Environmental Education,Curriculum Implementation,Multicultural Education,Educational Practices,Foreign Countries,Geographic Regions

At beginning of the article, the author has a brief introduction of basic conditions in pastoral areas of Imperial Town, and interprets ethnic relations among Han, Tibetan, Mongolian, Yugur, Hui, Manchu and Tu mixed residence. After analysis of the internal and external factors that affect the specificity of pastoral education, the author generalizes educational specificity in pastoral area: freedom and pluralism, furthermore, constructs freedom and pluralism education theory in pastoral areas and states significance of theoretical construction.
A Brief Discussion on Motivation and Ways to Motivate Students in English Language Learning
Author: Kong, Yuan
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Motivation,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Learning Motivation,Second Language Instruction,Rewards,Beliefs,Language Teachers,Teacher Expectations of Students,Cooperative Learning,Educational Environment

With the requirement of economic development, English has become more and more important that people begin to learn English with fully enthusiasm even from younger age. Learning a foreign language is not a simple and easy job but sometimes it is boring and dull. Motivation is critical in English learning, thus, how to effectively motivate students in English learning is an important problem. This paper expounds this importance and ways to motivate students. First, the author shows the definition of motivation and then explains intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and their relations, following with some personal factors that influence motivation. At last, according to the rationale, the author suggests several effective ways to motivate students in English learning.
WTO Members' Commitments in Education Services
Author: Xu, Jian
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: International Organizations,Standards,International Trade,International Cooperation,Administration,Foreign Countries,Educational Cooperation,Partnerships in Education,Institutional Cooperation,Group Membership,Student Mobility,Competition,Commercialization

The establishment of World Trade Organization is in line with the conclusion reached at the end of the Uruguay Round in April 1994 by the bulk of the world's trading nations. WTO is in charge of managing multilateral trading system. WTO's &quot;General Agreement on Trade in Services&quot; (GATS) requires member nations to comply with the following basic rules: all member nations equally enjoy Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) treatment; enterprises of other member nations can enjoy equal treatment and market access in one member nation's territory with its domestic enterprises. GATS includes the general agreement, annex and the schedules of commitments. Schedules of commitments is a sort of document which shows the obligations stimulated in the GATS about market access and national treatment that one WTO member nation will fulfill, or that the obligations that one WTO member nation hopes to be exempted from. When a WTO member nation makes a commitment, it has set legally the standards of market access and national treatment in its schedule of commitments, and will no longer introduce any other measures which will limit the market access and national treatment in trade in education services.
The Influence on Chinese Language from Postcolonial English
Author: Xu, Xiang
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Chinese,Foreign Policy,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Foreign Countries,Linguistic Borrowing,Syntax,Grammar,Sociolinguistics,Nouns,Language Usage,Diachronic Linguistics,Cultural Context

From the point of view on postcolonial theories, this paper explores English language's influence on normal Chinese and Hong Kong Chinese, and concludes the advantage and disadvantage of this phenomenon.
Indigenous Knowledge Construction and Experiential Learning of Taiwanese Aborigines
Author: Lee, Ying
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Indigenous Knowledge,Indigenous Populations,Observation,Interviews,Foreign Countries,Oral Tradition,Qualitative Research,Participatory Research,Geographic Location,Adult Educators,Teacher Role,Information Sources,Minority Groups,Ethnicity,Cultural Context,Experiential Learning,Disadvantaged

Indigenous peoples in Taiwan belong to the Austronesian racial group. Confined to their oral language tradition, knowledge about Taiwan aborigines based on written documents reflected the positionality of dominant ethnic groups. This qualitative study employed participatory research approach to explore the process of producing their own knowledge through collective investigation of problems and issues among Taiwan aborigine tribal members in the Nantou region. Nantou is located in the central mountain range of Taiwan. The data were collected through participatory observation and interviewing 6 key research participants about their experiences of participating in this project. Two main findings are revealed from the analysis of these data. The first finding is the participants' expectation of adult educators' role as an information provider. They also expect adult educator as a facilitator for promoting the project to move towards a more empowering praxis and as a mediator for attracting external attention on indigenous voices. The second finding is that minority's experiences are always a site of struggle and central to this struggle is the reconfiguration of 'ethnicity' which is rooted in socio-cultural context. Taking account of context, experience might be distorted while experiential learning can be stigmatizing, in that learners can become un-reflective prisoners of their experience. However, experience certainly has the potential of liberating marginalized learners. The findings implied the importance of the socio-cultural context of situated &quot;experience&quot;. This insight suggests that &quot;power&quot; can be renegotiated to challenge and eventually change the structure of the socio-cultural context.
Some Teaching Reform Ideas on Management Information System of Master of Business Administration
Author: Fan, Chongjun
Date: 2009-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Management Information Systems,Business Administration Education,Masters Degrees,Case Method (Teaching Technique),College Instruction,Educational Change

Management information system (MIS) is one of the core courses of master of business administration (MBA). Based on the educational characteristics of MBA, this paper studies the teaching issues and strategies of MIS course of MBA. The discussion includes three parts: modification of educational content; improvement of educational ability; case methods of teaching.
Engaging Students as Tutors, Trainers, and Leaders
Author: Derrick, Deirdre
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Tutoring,Program Development,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,College Students,Needs Assessment,Educational Resources,Context Effect,Student Needs,Teaching Methods,Teacher Recruitment,Training,Program Implementation,Advertising,Sustainability

While starting a tutoring program may seem like a daunting and time-consuming task, it does not have to be. The best way to approach the creation and development of a tutoring service is with a list of clear objectives. In this article, the author describes the process she used to create a tutoring program with her English as a foreign language university students. She identifies questions that need to be addressed at each step of the program development process, then explains how she and her student tutors answered these questions.
Try This: Role-Play Party: Talking about Jobs
Author: Benucci, Heather
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Role Playing,English Instruction,Drama,Job Skills,Teaching Methods,Instructional Materials,Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)

This article presents a stand-alone language-learning activity emphasizing speaking. Specifically, students will participate in role plays to describe occupations and job-related duties. The level of the activity is upper beginner or low intermediate and the time required is 45-60 minutes. The goals are: (1) to ask and answer small-talk questions about jobs; and (2) to practice using language related to greetings, introductions, and taking leave. The materials required are: (1) chalk and blackboard, or markers and whiteboard; (2) paper and pencils or pens; (3) role-play character cards and graphic organizers (see Preparation section for details); (4) timing device; and (5) overhead or digital projector (optional). Students will role-play being at a party with assigned character names and job titles. Several role-play parties occur in the classroom at the same time. Party &quot;guests&quot; must introduce themselves and ask one another about their jobs; they are encouraged to have fun and be dramatic. Students can refer to supporting language information on the board, if needed, but they do not follow a script. When the parties end, students use a graphic organizer to write down details they remember about the other guests and their jobs, then discuss and compare the information they collected. Scaffolding options for lower-level students and students who might not be familiar with small-talk functions are provided at the end of the activity.
My Classroom: Peru
Author: Paglia, Deanna
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Secondary School Teachers,Undergraduate Study,Language Attitudes,Teacher Student Relationship,Second Language Learning,Personal Narratives

Angela Huanca Barrantes, a highly respected teacher of English as a foreign language (EFL) in the city of Ilo, has a strong impact on the lives of students at the Admirante Miguel Grau secondary school and at Centro Cultural Peruano Norteamericano, which is one of four binational centers in southern Peru. Due to Ms. Huanca's lack of understanding of English, she did not always like English. Her feelings changed when, as an undergraduate student, she enrolled in an English class that inspired her to not only open her mind and heart to the English language, but also to one day share her love of English. This article describes Ms. Huanca's experience with learning the English language, and how that experience shapes her interactions with her own students.
On How Thinking Shapes Speaking: Techniques to Enhance Students' Oral Discourse
Author: Casamassima, Myrian
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Second Language Instruction,Teaching Methods,Oral Language,Verbal Communication,English (Second Language),Adult Students,Interpersonal Communication,Video Technology,Story Reading,Adolescents,Foreign Countries,Persuasive Discourse,Skill Development,Language Skills,Speech Skills

The institution at which the authors work--Asociación Ex Alumnos del Profesorado en Lenguas Vivas &quot;Juan Ramón Fernández&quot; (AEXALEVI)--is devoted to the teaching of foreign languages, particularly English, and it administers examinations all over Argentina. One central problem the authors identified in their work in the AEXALEVI Teachers' Centre is the compartmentalization of instruction and assessment. Virtual and face-to-face forums with instructors from Buenos Aires and other districts were held for five years, and most of these teachers reported that they generally teach the content of the syllabus as one thing, and they deal with exam training as a separate component in the course design, which is developed close to examination time and not before. However, when the teacher indulges in teaching to the test, the student does not have the chance to develop skills over time. For example, students have been observed rattling off the summary of a story, overtly learned by heart, without ever being able to answer a simple question from the examiner or interact with a peer in a communicative task. Here lies the danger of treating course and exam, and by the same token, teaching/learning and evaluation, as two separate components rather than as an integrated whole. At the Teachers' Centre, the authors designed ways to introduce changes in skill development to help students both improve their speaking ability and perform better on tests. This article describes three techniques which allow students to structure their oral discourse in meaningful ways in order to help teachers in similar contexts: (1) WWW (What You Think; What You Like; What You Do; And Other People, Too); (2) Who, Where, What, and Why, You Can Have a Try!; and (3) Now and Next, I Will Pass This Test! The authors posit that if students learn to conceive of ideas following a strategic organization reinforced by raising awareness, modeling, and anchoring of the techniques by means of rhyme, gestures, movement, and analogy, then their discourse will be framed within the structure provided and away from random oral discourse. The development of oral discourse can occur only over time and requires a consistent approach by the teacher to contextualize work in the classroom, provide opportunities for interaction, and offer assessment on the part of both the teacher and the students.
Cognitive Analysis of Chinese-English Metaphors of Animal and Human Body Part Words
Author: Song, Meiying
Date: 2009-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Figurative Language,Animals,Human Body,Chinese,English,Cultural Differences,Cognitive Processes

Metaphorical cognition arises from the mapping of two conceptual domains onto each other. According to the &quot;Anthropocentrism&quot;, people tend to know the world first by learning about their bodies including Apparatuses. Based on that, people begin to know the material world, and the human body part metaphorization emerges as the times requires. Because mankind possesses same body structure, perceptive organs, same perceptive and cognitive abilities, so people have many similarities in their cognition. At the same time, both the metaphor thinking and the conceptive system are from human living experiences. As a kind of thinking mode and behavior mode, the metaphor doesn't exist along, and it can not break away from the social and cultural environment, and it must be combined closely with certain language situation and culture. As a result of cultural influence, metaphor shows its unique nationality. Taking English-Chinese animal and human body part words as the example, the cultural cognitive difference of Chinese and English metaphors is analyzed in the article.
Television and Media Literacy in Young Children: Issues and Effects in Early Childhood
Author: Jusoff, Kamaruzaman
Date: 2009-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Television Viewing,Media Literacy,Young Children,Child Development,Childrens Television,Mass Media Effects,Behavior Problems,Attention Deficit Disorders,Aggression,Obesity,Language Acquisition,Cognitive Development

Television viewing among young children has been an on going issue as it is found to effect their development in various areas. This problem is getting more worrisome as the percentage and amount of hours of television exposure among young children is increasing, especially with the growing production of children television programs. Studies have found that television exposure to young children could effects their language and cognitive development, lead to behavior problems, attention disorder, aggression and obesity. This paper will discuss the issues of television exposure to young children, and the effects of promoting media literacy.
On Cultivating College Students' Humanistic Qualities in Western Fine Arts Appreciation Course
Author: Zhuang, Rong
Date: 2009-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Art Appreciation,Western Civilization,College Students,Humanism,Personality,Student Characteristics,Art Education,Foreign Countries

In recent years, western pragmatism has been prevalent on the campuses of Chinese universities. Its direct result is the emergence of such a trend in fine arts teaching which attaches high importance to the pragmatic side of the art learning and disregards fostering the humanistic qualities of the students. One of the most serious phenomena of this trend is that cultivating college students' humanistic qualities has been duly neglected. This paper attempts to discuss the possible causes of this phenomenon from both subjective and objective perspectives, illustrating the great importance of western fine arts appreciation course on cultivating students'character. It attempts to unite cultivating college students' humanistic qualities and art education together theoretically and practically in order to change the present situation of art teaching, some solutions and suggestions concerning course arrangement and teaching are also offered.
A Study of Metacognitive Strategies Employed by English Listeners in an EFL Setting
Author: Yang, Chunmei
Date: 2009-11-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Metacognition,Listening,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Attention,Self Management,Planning,College Students,Foreign Countries

This paper presents a study on the metacognitive strategies employed by English listeners in an EFL setting. The results of the study reveal that the subjects used directed attention most frequently and they used monitoring least frequently. Besides, there are differences in the use of metacognitive strategies between successful and unsuccessful listeners. The differences exist in the use of directed attention, functional planning and self-management strategies. The study proposes that listeners' metacognitive awareness should be cultivated and strategy instruction should be integrated into the teaching of listening.
A Qualitative Study of Postgraduate Students' Learning Experiences in Malaysia
Author: Kaur, Sarjit
Date: 2009-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Graduate Students,Learning Experience,Qualitative Research,Public Colleges,Personal Narratives,Interviews

In Malaysia, postgraduate coursework and research training have expanded significantly in attracting both domestic and international students from Southeast Asia and the Middle East. The task of evaluating the student learning experience in postgraduate education can point out to researchers and university educators various mismatches that would not be immediately known otherwise. In this study, 83 MA and MEd students in two public universities in Malaysia submitted written narratives to discuss their postgraduate learning experiences. Of this total, 10% of the respondents (12 postgraduate students) also volunteered to be interviewed. The findings of this qualitative study showed that the following dimensions impacted on students' learning experiences: knowledge, values and contacts acquired, professional and personal values acquired and specific learning problems encountered. The implications of the results of this study suggest that public universities in Malaysia can take proactive steps to celebrate learner diversity when addressing students' difficulties in their continuous effort to further enhance support and facilities for their postgraduate students.
Multiple Responses through Verbal Discourse in the Reading of Literary Texts
Author: Vethamani, Malachi Edwin
Date: 2009-11-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,English Literature,Literary Genres,Qualitative Research,Grounded Theory,Preservice Teachers,Responses,Verbal Communication

The past decade has viewed the important role literature plays in enhancing the learning process among students in Malaysian English classrooms. However, most English teachers in particular are not prepared to teach literature due to the lack of training and exposure on the subject. This paper seeks to explore the ways teacher trainees from one teacher training institute attempt to provide multiple responses on two Malaysian short stories through verbal discourse. This qualitative study uses the transcripts from the audio recorded discussion among dyads to analyze the ways subjects respond to two short stories. Using a constant comparative method, recurring themes were lifted based on Newell's (1996) typology of responses. The findings of this study revealed that the subjects used four different types of responses, namely associations, interpretation, personal response and evaluation. These responses describe the subjects' maturity in relating their understanding of the literary texts besides the capability of making critical judgments and rationalization.
Strength Development for Young Adolescents
Author: McDaniel, Larry W.
Date: 2009-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Muscular Strength,Physical Fitness,Athletics,Physical Education,Exercise,Training Methods,Human Body,Guidelines,Age Differences,Adolescents

Participation in strength training is important for older children or young adolescences who wish to improve fitness or participate in sports. When designing strength training programs for our youth this age group is immature anatomically, physiologically, and psychologically. For the younger or inexperienced group the strength training activities may include push-ups, sit-ups, lunges, or pull-ups without barbells or dumbbells. These activities employ one's body weight as resistance. After training at this level those who demonstrate progress may move to machines that provide resistance or dumbbells. When the preparation is sports related the training goals should focus on developing power and strength related to sport specific skills. These types of exercises may be used for those who are entering puberty. Remember, muscle balance must be maintained at all times. Strength training activities should be supervised by those with education and experience in these areas. Although some injuries occur in most physical activities the American College of Sports Medicine supports young adolescences and children's participation in appropriately designed and competently supervised strength training programs. Although all participants should understand the risks and benefits of strength training, a young child should not be expected to comprehend the intricacies of muscle action. Focus on lifetime fitness and teach kids how to exercise properly. Provide a stimulating program that develops in our youth a positive attitude towards strength training and a healthy lifestyle. Benefits include increasing muscular strength, muscular endurance, body composition and sports performance. The primary objectives throughout all levels of youth training are safety, fitness, health, and enjoyment.