ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 6: The Smaller Secondary Schools
Author: Ferriss, Emery N.
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Rural Areas,Secondary Education,Small Schools,School Size,Institutional Characteristics,Comparative Analysis,National Surveys,School Surveys,Educational Change,Secondary Schools,Educational Innovation,High Schools,School Organization,School Administration,School Buildings,Curriculum,Teaching Methods,Teacher Supervision,Extracurricular Activities,Educational Trends,Trend Analysis,School Community Relationship

The present study is concerned with the smaller secondary schools, those schools which in the main afford the opportunities for secondary education to the children of the smaller centers of population and rural areas. In order to make the picture as complete as possible, the study has included high schools with enrollments ranging from fewer than 20 pupils to a group of schools enrolling more than 300 high-school pupils and standing on the border line between what are ordinarily classed as small high schools and those generally classed as large high schools. With respect to the number of teachers, the schools supplying the data for the study range all the way from 4-year high schools with 1 teacher to schools with staffs of more than 20 teachers. Throughout the study the data are tabulated with reference to two groups or classes of schools, namely (1) "the selected schools" and (2) "the selected schools"; comparisons are constantly made between these two groups. The main purposes of the present study are: (1) To make and analysis of the status and characteristics of secondary education in small high schools of different sizes; (2) To determine, as far as possible, the major limitations due to the smallness of the schools belonging to the different size groups; (3) To discover through the investigation of the schools belonging to the different size groups the changes, if any, that are taking place in the characteristics of secondary education in small secondary schools; (4) To investigate the characteristics of a group of selected schools representing the different sizes found in small communities and rural areas; (5) To compare these selected schools of different sizes with each other and with the unselected schools to discover the nature of the differences, if any, that exist; and (6) To determine what, if any, innovations or significant departures from ordinary practices exist in the selected schools that may be of value to smaller secondary schools in general. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 97 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 7: Secondary Education for Negroes
Author: Caliver, Ambrose
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Educational History,African American Education,Secondary Education,National Surveys,Access to Education,High Schools,School Organization,Secondary School Curriculum,School Administration,Supervision,Educational Facilities,African American Students,African American Teachers,Educational Finance,School Schedules,Males,Females,Extracurricular Activities,Enrollment Trends,Attendance,Disadvantaged Schools,Whites,High School Graduates,College Bound Students,Racial Segregation,School Segregation,Urban Schools,Rural Schools

The interest of the American people in education, the extent and rapid growth of education as public enterprise, and the popularization of secondary schools in recent years are well known and are subjects of frequent comment. Less well known, however, are the interest and activity of the Negro, one of the constituent elements in American life, in education. This is particularly true with reference to education at the secondary level. It is the purpose of this report, therefore, to furnish information concerning the availability and present status of secondary education for the colored race in the Southern States. Following a Letter of Transmittal, this monograph contains the following chapters: (1) Purpose, scope, and procedure; (2) Availability of secondary education--The general situation; (3) Availability of secondary education--The distribution of high schools; (4) The organization of schools; (5) The high school offering; (6) The pupils; (7) Teachers and principals; (8) Certain practices in administration and supervision; (9) Housing and equipment; and (10) Summary, conclusions, and recommendations. (Contains 51 tables, 15 figures, and 27 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 8: District Organization and Secondary Education
Author: Engelhardt, Fred
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Secondary Schools,Secondary Education,Counties,National Surveys,High Schools,School Districts,Superintendents,Administrative Organization,State Policy,Educational Change,Educational Legislation

Within a period of 30 years the high-school enrollment has increased from a little over 10 percent of the population of high-school age to more than 50 per cent of that population. This enrollment is so unusual for a secondary school that it has attracted the attention of Europe, where only 8 to 10 per cent attend secondary schools. Many European educators have said that the United States is educating too many people. In order to know where the United States stands in secondary education, the membership of the North Central Association of Colleges and Secondary Schools four years ago took the lead in urging a study. This manuscript deals with one of the major topics of the Survey, namely, the district organization. This monograph is organized into three sections. The contents are as follows. Part I: District Organization in the United States: (1) The local school district and the secondary school; (2) Availability of secondary education within local districts; (3) Special provisions for secondary education; (4) Plans for the reorganization of school districts; and (5) Conclusion. Part II: School and district organization in California: (1) Purpose, scope, and procedures; (2) The present situation in California; (3) The situation in a typical county; (4) Proposed reorganization of administrative units; (5) Superintendency areas in seven counties; (6) Proposed changes in States policies and school laws; and (7) Summary and conclusions. Part III: School and district organization in Illinois: (1) Legal background and growth of township and community high schools; (2) Conditions in selected districts and schools; and (3) District problems in secondary schools in Illinois. (Individual parts contain tables, figures, and footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 9: Legal and Regulatory Provisions Affecting Secondary Education
Author: Keesecker, Ward W.
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Attendance,Secondary Schools,Organizations (Groups),Secondary Education,State Legislation,State Departments of Education,State Schools,National Surveys,Educational Legislation,School Administration,Standards,Accreditation (Institutions),Guides,School Law,Courts,Government Publications,Reports,Tuition,Transportation,Compulsory Education,School Supervision

Legal questions relating to secondary education continue to be prolific. Two influences principally affect this situation, namely: (1) the dynamic and progressive nature of education; and (2) vague and chaotic conditions of laws affecting secondary schools. With respect to the first of these influences, no valid objections or modifications have been urged (except, perhaps, that education has not been dynamic enough). The second influence challenges the attention of school administrators, legislators, and other friends of education. The purpose of this monograph has been to study in a comprehensive way the principal statutory and regulatory provisions which affect the organizations and standards of secondary education in the United States. The standards prescribed by educational institutions within the respective States and by regional accrediting associations have also been included in this study. These latter standards, while not having the authority of law, are regarded as exercising indirectly sufficient influence on secondary education to warrant attention in a study of this kind. It is hoped that the study may afford a basis not only for comparison but also possible evaluations of varying types and degrees of present legal and regulatory control of secondary schools in the light of current professional opinion. The principal sources of data for this study are: (1) State constitutions; (2) State codes and session laws; (3) State school-law manuals; (4) State supreme court reports; (5) regulations and regulatory standards in publications of State departments of education; (6) standards required by regional accrediting associations; and (7) previous earlier related studies. This bulletin is divided into seven chapters, as follows: (1) Purpose and Background; (2) Local Organization for Control of Secondary Schools; (3) Grades of Secondary Education; (4) Compulsory School Attendance, Tuition, and Transportation; (5) State Administrative and Supervisory Control; (6) Regional Accrediting Associations; and (7) Conclusions. (Contains 14 tables and 46 footnotes.) [This bulletin was prepared with the assistance of Franklin C. Sewell. Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 10: Articulation of High School and College
Author: Brammell, P. Roy
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Educational History,National Surveys,School Surveys,School Statistics,Secondary Education,Secondary School Curriculum,College Preparation,College Admission,Articulation (Education),Student Adjustment,Educational Practices,College School Cooperation,Educational Policy,Educational Planning,Educational Trends,Questionnaires,College Attendance,College Students,College Bound Students,Program Improvement,Public Schools,Private Schools,Admission Criteria,College Freshmen,Junior High Schools,Two Year Colleges

At a time when a large portion of the pupils who have completed the work of the secondary school continues into higher institutions of learning, neither the group of secondary schools nor the aggregation of colleges has a right to consider its problems out of relation to the level of education above or below it. During the past few years a definite effort has been made in the United States to eliminate the gaps between the units of education. Educational training is being made naturally continuous for pupils. This natural continuity is made possible as the units of education become more and more effectively articulated. It is the purpose of this investigation to discover the steps which are being taken by the colleges in improving their articulation with secondary schools. Articulation in this study does not refer merely to the methods employed by higher institutions in selecting students for admission, but refers equally as much to the means of adaptation subsequent to admission and to the actual plans in operation by which colleges and secondary schools constituent to them are brought into closer relationship. It has been found necessary to report a certain amount of status in order that trends and innovations may become discernible. This study is the only project of the National Survey of Secondary Education which deals specifically with the problem of the articulation of secondary schools and higher institutions. An investigation supplementary to this study has been made, dealing with the types of innovations in colleges and universities affecting the liberal arts education for students during their first two years of college attendance. The findings of the corollary study will bear special relationship to that portion of this report which deals with the means used by higher institutions in adapting newly admitted students to the college situation. The information presented in this study was secured mainly from an inquiry form filled in for 517 higher institutions. Use was made also of certain data included in inquiry forms which had been returned by large numbers of public and private secondary schools. This bulletin is divided into five chapters, as follows: (1) Purpose and Scope of the Study; (2) Admission to College; (3) Means of Adaptation Subsequent to Admission; (4) Improvement of Articulation; and (5) Summary, Trends, and Problems. (Contains 30 tables, 5 figures, and 14 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 11: Administration and Supervision
Author: Engelhardt, Fred
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Secondary Schools,Principals,Superintendents,Teacher Attitudes,Supervision,State Departments of Education,National Surveys,School Administration,Administrator Attitudes,Classification,Administrator Education,Teacher Education,Secondary School Teachers,Doctoral Degrees,Educational Attainment,Masters Degrees,School Districts

This manuscript is divided into two parts. The part dealing with administrative and supervisory personnel was prepared by Fred Engelhardt and William H. Zeigel, Jr. Part II on the aims and activities of supervisors was written by Roy O. Billett. Part I investigates the scheme of administration in a large number of secondary schools. In all 4,452 inquiry blanks were mailed out in order to get the information. Data were sought in every State of the Union from State superintendents, staff members of State departments of education, city superintendents, high-school principals, and staff members in city systems and individual secondary schools. The replies to these blanks came from 32 per cent to over 91 per cent of those concerned. It will be seen, therefore, that the report on this section is representative of the field. In the second part, 30 cities were selected for intensive study. The investigation revealed 72 activities classified as supervisory. Two hundred and eighty-four supervisors were consulted, their experience averaging 20.8 years. The training which they had received seemed to be entirely adequate, 4 per cent of them holding doctors' degrees, and 45 per cent holding masters' degrees. The report indicates the emphasis placed upon various supervisory activities and describes outstanding programs for supervision. Individual chapters contain footnotes. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 12: Selection and Appointment of Teachers
Author: Deffenbaugh, W. S.
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Secondary Schools,Principals,Superintendents,Urban Schools,Secondary School Teachers,Teacher Salaries,Teacher Competencies,Preservice Teachers,Teacher Selection,Counties,Work Environment,Teacher Effectiveness,Check Lists,National Surveys,Administrator Attitudes,Research Methodology,Teacher Persistence,Teacher Recruitment

The study of the practices in the selection and appointment of teachers indicates that the specific methods employed in locating, selecting, and appointing teachers differ considerably in cities of various sizes, in different regions of the country, and in the various types of schools. In 1930 about 8 per cent of the secondary-school teaching staff and about 15 per cent of the teaching staff of elementary schools were newly appointed in the city school systems reporting in this study. In the independent secondary schools and county systems the proportion of the staff made up each year of new appointees amounts to more than one-fourth of the total number of employees. The fact that many new teachers are needed each year makes it necessary for school executives to exercise very great care in the selection of teachers. Poor teachers are, in the long run, expensive teachers. Through the careful selection of personnel, provision for satisfactory working conditions, and adequate salary schedules the teaching corps may be continually improved from year to year. With proper procedures good teachers can often be retained and new teachers of high quality selected to fill vacant positions. This and other studies show that new teachers are located, selected, and appointed by a variety of procedures. As yet, however, little real evidence has been published to show which of the methods are most effective in obtaining competent teachers. The data for this study have been secured primarily from three sources: (1) literature dealing with methods of teacher selection and appointment; (2) check lists sent to superintendents of school systems and to principals of public secondary schools; and (3) materials sent to the survey by the superintendents and principals responding to the inquiry forms. The study is an investigation of both status and of innovating practices. In this respect, it differs from the majority of the projects of the National Survey of Secondary Education since most of these projects have been concerned with practices in innovating schools only. This bulletin is divided into nine chapters, as follows: (1) The Problem and Methods of Investigation; (2) Employment of Teachers; (3) Types of Teachers Appointed; (4) Locating Prospective Teachers; (5) Methods of Collecting Information about Prospective Teachers; (6) Procedures in Appointing the Teaching and Administrative Staff; (7) Illustrative Plans for Selecting Teachers; (8) Methods of Retaining Teachers of High Quality; and (9) Summary and Implications. (Contains 32 tables, 9 figures, and 60 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 14: Programs of Guidance
Author: Reavis, William C.
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Vocational Schools,Career Guidance,City Government,High Schools,Rural Schools,National Surveys,Secondary Education,School Districts,School Guidance,Guidance Programs

Ten places are picked out for description in this monograph, including some 4 township high schools in the State of Illinois. In addition to these there will be found a description of the guidance work in the five cities of Boston, Chicago, Providence, Cincinnati, Milwaukee, and in the independent Milwaukee Vocational School. The educational and vocational guidance given in individual high schools in each of these cities is described fully. In some places the service has been attached to the city government. In other places it was from the beginning more closely connected to the school system. There is generally a marked tendency for it to be found in the schools. In some of these schools there seems to be no distinction made between the work in administration and the functions in guidance. For instance, they are closely connected in the New Trier Township High School. In the Joliet Township High School, on the other hand, they are clearly differentiated: The last chapter summarizes four main types of guidance activities and describes guidance in a small rural school in California. The conclusion is that guidance may exist in schools of any size if its necessity is fully understood by the principal and faculty of the school. (Individual chapters contain footnotes. Contains 20 figures and 1 table.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 15: Research in Secondary Schools
Author: Zeigel, William H., Jr.
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: National Surveys,Educational Research,Urban Schools,Secondary Education,Research Methodology,Public Agencies,Classification,Research Problems

The purpose of this report on research in secondary education is to study: (1) the personnel of educational research bureaus; (2) the undertakings of research departments in city school systems and in individual secondary schools; (3) the research undertakings carried on by individual secondary-school staff members not officially connected with research bureaus or departments; and (4) the nature of the research conducted in secondary education within schools and school systems. Inquiry revealed that few bureaus of research have been organized in secondary schools and that nearly all research in secondary education carried on in school systems is conducted by the bureaus of research of city school systems. This necessitated the study of these bureaus, especially with respect to their activities at the secondary-school level. This bulletin is divided into six chapters, as follows: (1) The Problem and Methods of Investigation; (2) Bureaus of Educational Research and Secondary Education; (3) Functions of Bureaus of Research; (4) Research outside the Bureaus; (5) Classification and Analysis of Researches Made; and (6) Summary and Conclusions. (Contains 25 tables, 6 figures, and 38 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
National Survey of Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1932, No. 17. Monograph No. 16: Interpreting the Secondary School to the Public
Author: Farley, Belmont
Date: 1933-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Disabilities,Program Effectiveness,Publicity,Urban Schools,Secondary Education,High Schools,National Surveys,Educational Policy,Educational Practices,Junior High Schools,Questionnaires,Public Schools,Parent Attitudes,Mothers,Fathers,Parent School Relationship

Because of the extensive and sometimes costly expansions in the educational offering of the rapidly growing secondary schools, the present need for interpretation is probably more insistent at this level of the educational ladder than at any other. It will be helpful to those in charge of secondary education to know what high schools are doing to interpret their work to the public, and how they are doing it. This investigation of programs of interpretation was made to: (1) describe the policies and practices of publicity in a few selected secondary schools; (2) to secure information on the frequency with which these policies and practices are followed in a larger number of secondary schools in which educational interpretation is emphasized; and (3) to estimate the effectiveness of certain programs and mediums of interpretation in use. To describe the policies and practices of publicity in a few selected secondary schools, an investigation was made of the complete interpretation programs of six junior and senior high schools in Denver, Colorado; Cleveland, Ohio; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and Kansas City, Missouri. To learn how generally the practices of publicity followed by the six schools studied in detail are employed by schools active in educational interpretation, responses to an inquiry form of approximately 250 items were secured from 160 public junior and senior high schools selected with the assistance of State and city school officials. A rather unusual part of the investigation was concerned with a questionnaire sent to parents in the schools of the four cities. The replies indicated that there was practically no difference between fathers and mothers in their knowledge of what went on in school. This is a surprise to many people who assume that since the mothers attend the parent-teacher meetings much more frequently than the fathers do they are far better informed on the schools their children attend. It was found that the amount of knowledge a parent has of the school seems to be directly proportional to the length of time the child has been in school. This bulletin is divided into five chapters, as follows: (1) The Background and Method of Inquiry; (2) Policies and Practices in Selected Schools of Four Cities; (3) Policies and Practices in 160 Selected Secondary Schools; (4) The Effectiveness of Programs of Interpretation; and (5) Summary and Conclusion. (Contains 5 tables, 28 figures, and 46 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]