ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Understanding Textual Authorship in the Digital Environment: Lessons from Historical Perspectives
Author: Velagic, Zoran
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Authors,Electronic Publishing,Copyrights,Technological Advancement

Introduction: The paper explains how the modern understanding of authorship developed and sets out the problems to be considered when discussing digital authorship. Method: The contextual analysis of contents of the key themes is employed; in the articulation of the conclusions, analytic and synthetic approaches are used. Results: At each turning point, a new layer, immanent to the modern concept, was assigned to authorship. Reference is made to changes reflecting the specifics of digital authorship, emphasising the context conditioning the position of author and the attitude to an authorial work. Conclusions: A digital author is more independent of a publisher; the work is more visible; attention is directed at the work at the expense of its medium. However, digital authors own material and moral rights to the work, which are international, while their position is made relative and re-examined. The behaviour of authors, the possibilities of publishing and accessing the work and the paradigm of preserving a work are changing in the digital environment. [This paper was published as part of: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-22 August, 2013.]
The Public Library, Democracy and Rancière&apos;s Poetics of Politics
Author: Huzar, Timothy Jozef
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Public Libraries,Democracy,Social Theories,Library Role,Neoliberalism,Equal Education

Introduction: This paper applies the thought of Jacques Rancière to the concept of democracy as it is traditionally understood in library studies literature. Methods: The paper reviews a cross-section of instances of the link between democracy and the public library in library studies literature. It offers a close textual analysis of Michael Gorman&apos;s &quot;Our Enduring Values&quot; as typifying the link between the public library and democracy. It critically applies the theoretical account of democracy developed by Jacques Rancière to Gorman&apos;s account in &quot;Our Enduring Values.&quot; Analysis: Making use of the theory of Rancière, the paper argues that the link between the public library and democracy should instead be situated in the impropriety of the public library: the assumption of equality libraries make, and the consequent open possibility for the contestation of their function and values. Results: The paper finds that the link between democracy and the public library is situated in libraries&apos; instrumental value to democracy; libraries are typically seen as holding an educative function for democracy. Conclusion: The paper concludes by arguing that focusing on the impropriety of public libraries is especially important in the context of their current neo-liberal restructuring. An instrumental link between democracy and the public library too easily falls prey to neo-liberal rationalisation. A link which focuses on the improper character of public libraries encourages a contestation over this restructuring. [This paper was published as part of: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-22 August, 2013.]
Disposal of Information Seeking and Retrieval Research: Replacement with a Radical Proposition
Author: Budd, John M.
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Seeking,Information Retrieval,Models,Cognitive Processes,Information Science

Introduction: Research and theory on the topics of information seeking and retrieval have been plagued by some fundamental problems for several decades. Many of the difficulties spring from mechanistic and instrumental thinking and modelling. Method: Existing models of information retrieval and information seeking are examined for efficacy in a probabilistic environment. Alternatives to determinism are explored. Analysis: The models that have been suggested are investigated for openness to human volition and the nature of questioning. This investigation is the basis for examination of authenticity among the models and potential desiderata in the thinking underpinning the modelling. Conclusions. The only viable solution to the problems of determinism is a complete re-conception of the nature of people who want to be informed-where the desire comes from, how perception affects the process, and outcomes can be assessed. [Paper published as part of Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-22 August, 2013.]
The Public Library User and the Charter Tourist: Two Travellers, One Analogy
Author: Eriksson, Catarina A. M.
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Public Libraries,Information Science,Ethnography,Models,Foreign Countries,Use Studies,Users (Information),Structured Interviews,Qualitative Research,Statistical Analysis

Introduction: A new theoretical model, relevant to library and information science, is implemented in this paper. The aim of this study is to contribute to the theoretical concepts of library and information science by introducing an ethnological model developed for investigating charter tourist styles thereby increasing our knowledge of users' approaches to public libraries. Method: This is an empirically grounded study. One hundred and eighty-two library visitors were interviewed at Swedish public libraries during 2011. Analysis: Both quantitative and qualitative content analysis were used in the treatment of the empirical data. Results: The paper is divided into three parts. The first part introduces the ethnological model. The second part presents the application of the model on the empirical data. The third part identifies possible research questions concerning public library user approaches. Conclusion: This study shows that it is fruitful to apply a travel analogy for mapping user approaches to public libraries. Five public library user approaches are identified. The application can be used as a tool in order to discuss priorities in public library activities. [This paper was published as part of: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Conceptions of Library and Information Science, Copenhagen, Denmark, 19-22 August, 2013.]
From Coexistence to Convergence: Studying Partnerships and Collaboration among Libraries, Archives and Museums
Author: Duff, Wendy M.
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Libraries,Archives,Museums,Semi Structured Interviews,Foreign Countries,Institutional Cooperation,Audio Equipment,Correlation,Electronic Libraries,Role of Education,Budgeting,Efficiency,Cooperative Planning

Introduction: The convergence of libraries, archives and museums is an evolving phenomenon that has garnered increased attention in the literature and professional practice over the past decade. To date, little research exists documenting the experiences of these institutions as they engage in different forms of collaboration and convergence. Method: Using a series of on-site, semi-structured interviews of professionals conducted in 2010 and 2011, the study examined initiatives involving different forms of collaboration and convergence, and different stages of the process in two institutions in Canada and three in New Zealand. Analysis: The interviews were audio recorded and a descriptive summary of each interview was prepared. We examined the summaries and identified themes within and across the institutions. Results: Findings suggest the motivations that led to the various projects reflected the discourse, beliefs, and values of the professions at the time the projects took place, and occasionally, administrative expediency. Aspects that emerged from the interviews correlate broadly to six themes: to serve users better; to support scholarly activity; to take advantage of technological developments; to take into account the need for budgetary and administrative efficiencies; to adapt to an evolving understanding of digital surrogates as objects; and to obtain a holistic view of collections. Benefits have accrued in terms of new perspectives on collections and on ways of seeing the institution, its users and services, in enhanced staff learning, in finding different methods for accomplishing work activities, and in the pragmatic efficiencies of budget reallocation and cost-savings. Conclusion: We conclude with an overview that summarizes the salient findings.
Incorporating Nonparametric Statistics into Delphi Studies in Library and Information Science
Author: Ju, Boryung
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Nonparametric Statistics,Delphi Technique,Library Science,Information Science,Data Collection,Data Analysis,Reliability,Validity,Qualitative Research

Introduction: The Delphi technique is widely used in library and information science research. However, many researchers in the field fail to employ standard statistical tests when using this technique. This makes the technique vulnerable to criticisms of its reliability and validity. The general goal of this article is to explore how nonparametric statistical techniques could mitigate this drawback and be incorporated into Delphi studies in library and information science. Method: To reach that goal we provide an example study which used a Delphi method for data collection and nonparametric statistics for data analysis. The example study investigated the barriers and challenges encountered by scientists when using various information and communication technologies for their distributed collaboration activities. Twenty-four participants were recruited into two domain groups (social and behavioural sciences vs. science and engineering). Results: After three rounds of data collection and analysis systematically using nonparametric statistical measurements, fourteen items were identified as the most important. Different rankings of the items were observed between the groups involved, including Kendall&apos;s Ws. Conclusions: The incorporation of the nonparametric statistics into the Delphi technique may enhance its rigour as a research method and provide evidence for its reliability and validity.
The Socio-Technical Design of a Library and Information Science Collaboratory
Author: Lassi, Monica
Date: 2013-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Electronic Libraries,Shared Resources and Services,Research,Cooperation,Collaborative Writing,Web 2.0 Technologies,Computer System Design,Data Collection,Models,User Needs (Information)

Introduction: We present a prototype collaboratory, a socio-technical platform to support sharing research data collection instruments in library and information science. No previous collaboratory has attempted to facilitate sharing digital research data collection instruments among library and information science researchers. Method: We have taken a socio-technical approach to design, which includes a review of previous research on collaboratories; an empirical study of specific needs of library and information science researchers; and a use case design method to design the prototype collaboratory. Scenarios of future interactions, use cases, were developed using an analytically-driven approach to scenario design. The use cases guided the implementation of the prototype collaboratory in the MediaWiki software package. Results: The prototype collaboratory design is presented as seven use cases, which each describe central uses of the collaboratory and together illustrate how human system interaction has been facilitated in the prototype collaboratory. Conclusion: Future research includes usability testing to complement the analyticallygenerated scenarios of use and to expand with the production of use cases for specific groups of users.
Information Seeking Behaviour of Parents of Paediatric Patients for Clinical Decision Making: The Central Role of Information Literacy in a Participatory Setting
Author: Kostagiolas, Petros
Date: 2013-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Seeking,Behavior Patterns,Physicians,Anxiety,Coping,Internet,Information Sources,Decision Making,Pediatrics,Information Literacy,Patients,Questionnaires,Hospitals,Foreign Countries,Parent Attitudes

Introduction: This study investigated the information seeking behaviour and needs of parents of paediatric patients and their motives for seeking Internet-based information. Method: A questionnaire survey of 121 parents was conducted in a paediatric clinic of a Greek university hospital. Analysis: The data were analysed using SPSS; descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis test statistics were performed to identify differences in reported information seeking behaviour. Results: Parents sought further information than that provided by their paediatrician and searched on the Internet to reduce their anxiety and cope better with their children's medical condition. The Internet was the second most important information source used after the paediatrician. The main obstacles parents encountered were the volume and unreliability of Internet health information and the infrequency of visits to the doctor. Conclusions: Informed participation of patients and paediatricians in clinical shared decision-making requires the development of information literacy in both parties. Health information professionals may act as information literacy instigators and educators for parents and paediatricians by means of offering information literacy prescriptions and other information decision aids.
Conceptualising Information Literacy as Social Practice: A Study of Pregnant Women's Information Practices
Author: Papen, Uta
Date: 2013-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Literacy,Pregnancy,Females,Qualitative Research,Interviews,Books,Web Sites,Credibility,Social Networks,Interdisciplinary Approach,Use Studies,Information Seeking,Foreign Countries

Introduction: The present study presents a view of information literacy not primarily as skill but as different practices, situated within specific social and institutional contexts. It suggests that questions of authority of knowledge are central to understanding people's information practices. Method: First, the concept of information practices is developed, drawing on theories from information and library research as well as ideas from the New Literacy Studies, the author's field of research. In a second step, a qualitative study of fourteen pregnant women's information practices was conducted. Analysis: Interview transcripts (twenty-six in total), pregnancy books and Websites were thematically analysed to draw out what characterises the women's information practices. Results: The results of this study suggest that the women's information practices were shaped by their constant assessments of knowledge for its trustworthiness. Social networks, including online, played a key role in the women's evaluation of different sources of knowledge. The women examined &quot;authoritative knowledge&quot; in relation to advice received from different sources and in the face of at times opposing knowledge claims. Conclusions: Understanding contemporary information practice in everyday life requires researchers to pay greater attention to how knowledge is constructed and assessed by those seeking and using information. More attention needs to be paid to the role of written information, found on the Internet, in people's information practices.
Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Dynamic Human Information Interaction
Author: Park, Minsoo
Date: 2013-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Web 2.0 Technologies,Man Machine Systems,Computer Interfaces,Difficulty Level,Affective Behavior,Task Analysis,Time on Task,Stress Variables,Anxiety,Performance Factors,Time Management,Executive Function,Psychological Patterns,Correlation,College Students,College Faculty,Questionnaires,Statistical Analysis

Introduction: This study aims to understand the interactions of perception, effort, emotion, time and performance during the performance of multiple information tasks using Web information technologies. Method: Twenty volunteers from a university participated in this study. Questionnaires were used to obtain general background information and examine the research problem. Analysis: The quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: The results of this study revealed that those with higher cognitive effort experienced more stress and frustration and higher temporal demand, resulting in lower performance, even though they spent more time finishing the information task. A high degree of temporal demand and negative emotional state led people to perform the task poorly even though they invested more mental effort on the task. Our feelings and emotions play a key role in our ability to deal with a situation where multiple information tasks need to be done within a certain time limit. Conclusions: The results of this study can be employed as a theoretical foundation for designing human-friendly, adaptive user interfaces, which function as intelligent and affective central mechanisms and help users prioritise, monitor and coordinate their needs/tasks/goals effectively and efficiently. This study introduces the emotional factor, which is a newly emerging dimension, in dynamic information seeking and retrieval contexts and enlightens the existing areas of human information interaction.
Reinforcement Learning in Information Searching
Author: Cen, Yonghua
Date: 2013-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Undergraduate Students,College Freshmen,College Seniors,Search Strategies,Reinforcement,Learning Processes,Prior Learning,Feedback (Response),Markov Processes,Age Differences,Abstract Reasoning,Student Development,Databases,Independent Study,Cognitive Structures,Quasiexperimental Design,Foreign Countries,Questionnaires

Introduction: The study seeks to answer two questions: How do university students learn to use correct strategies to conduct scholarly information searches without instructions? and, What are the differences in learning mechanisms between users at different cognitive levels? Method: Two groups of users, thirteen first year undergraduate students (freshmen) and thirty-four final year undergraduate students (seniors), were recruited into our experimental study and executed ten different search tasks independently. Five reinforcement learning models were introduced to quantitatively simulate the micro process of users' self-regulated learning of search expertise by trial and error. Analysis: The experimental data were divided into two parts. The first 70% of the data was used to estimate the parameters of each model. The remaining 30% was fitted by the estimated models. The model best fitting the data of users in each group was used to explain their learning behaviour. Results: Most undergraduates tended to repeat the strategies that brought success in their earlier experiences. Freshmen's learning behaviour manifested remarkable Markov properties. Their strategy selection was always made according to the feedback obtained in the last search activity. Seniors' strategy adjustment depended on the accumulated effect of past strategy adoptions. They displayed strong characteristics of rational thinking. Conclusions: In the process of learning searching expertise, users demonstrate reinforcement characteristics. Moreover, users at different cognitive levels exhibit different reinforcement patterns. Theoretical and practical implications were proposed from the perspectives of training programme design, adaptive information retrieval system design and information behaviour model development.
Comparative Analysis of Homepage Website Visibility and Academic Rankings for UK Universities
Author: Weideman, Melius
Date: 2013-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Web Sites,Universities,Comparative Analysis,Institutional Characteristics,Reputation,Scoring,Design,Access to Information

Introduction: The pressure on universities worldwide has increased to transform themselves from isolated educational institutions to profit-generating businesses. The visibility of a Web page plays a role in attracting potential clients, as more and more young users are depending on the Web for their everyday information needs. One of the purposes of this study was to evaluate the visibility of homepages of top UK universities, and rank them. Secondly, the existence of a correlation between Website visibility ranking and academic ranking was investigated. The goal of this research was to provide a repeatable method of measuring university Website visibility, and for comparison with measurement of other institutes' Websites. Method: Website visibility elements were identified, and content investigation used to rank them according to an academic model. A scoring system was designed to cater for subjective measurements, producing a ranked list of university homepages. This was compared to an industry standard academic ranking for UK universities. Results and Analysis: Five sub-lists provided a wide span of resulting scores, combined into the final result list. In some cases it was clear that homepages were designed based on good practice (Universities of Liverpool and Cambridge), while in others little or no effort was expended to achieve a high degree of visibility. There was no correlation between the two types of ranking. Conclusions: Website visibility is a design feature often ignored in the design of university homepages in the UK, which could lead to missed opportunities. Guidelines are provided to improve this situation.
In Quest of Indigeneity, Quality, and Credibility in Aboriginal Post-Secondary Education in Canada: Problematic, Contexts, and Potential Ways Forward
Author: Paquette, Jerald
Date: 2014-10-29
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Canada Natives,Postsecondary Education,Equal Education,Educational Quality,American Indian Education,Epistemology,Credibility,Power Structure

Learning involves conceptual frameworks embedded in worldviews and values. The overarching problematic of Aboriginal post-secondary education is complex and multifaceted. Normative and institutional forces as well as the credentialing and certification agenda of post-secondary education limit the degree to which Aboriginal education at any level can simply go its own way. To what degree and in what ways should Aboriginal post-secondary education differ from mainstream post-secondary education--and can it? The &quot;parity paradox&quot; (Paquette &amp; Fallon, 2010, p. xii) prevails in post-secondary as in lower-level education. Education that purports to be meaningfully &quot;Aboriginal&quot; must fulfill two seemingly opposing purposes: provide education that is grounded in Aboriginal cultures but also provide a reasonable degree of parity with the content and quality of mainstream education. In short, Aboriginal post-secondary education is situated at the nexus of colliding epistemic universes of hugely unequal power. What can and should be Aboriginal in Aboriginal post-secondary education? What is the Canadian experience to date in that respect--with particular focus on the British Columbia case example--and what can be learned from it?