Monitoring the Future National Survey Results: HIV/AIDS Risk &amp; Protective Behaviors among Adults Ages 21 to 40 in the U.S., 2004-2015
Author: Johnston, Lloyd D.
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: National Surveys,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),Health Behavior,Communicable Diseases,Young Adults,High School Graduates,Public Health,Sexuality,At Risk Persons,Incidence,Sexually Transmitted Diseases,Drug Abuse,Homosexuality,Prevention,Screening Tests,Gender Differences,Trend Analysis,Age Differences,Marital Status

Monitoring the Future (MTF) is a long-term study of American adolescents, college students, and adult high school graduates through age 55. The study is supported under a series of investigator-initiated, competing research grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and has been conducted annually by the University of Michigan's Institute for Social Research since 1975. The present monograph focuses on a broad range of behaviors, including certain forms of substance abuse, related to the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) responsible for the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The population under study includes high school graduates in the general population ages 21-30, surveyed annually since 2004; age 35, surveyed annually since 2008; and age 40, surveyed annually since 2010. In the United States, about 1.2 million people are living with HIV, 1 in 8 unaware of the infection, and the rate of new HIV infections has remained relatively stable in recent years (CDC, 2015a). The 1990s saw decreases in HIV infection in the U.S., and between 2002 and 2014, new HIV infections dropped by 19%. However, over the years, progress has been uneven, and some segments of the population continue to show increases in infections (CDC, 2015b). The present monograph addresses some of the factors that may be preventing further progress against HIV/AIDS. In recent years, about 45,000 to 50,000 individuals become newly infected in the United States (Hall et al., 2008; CDC, 2015a, 2015b). MTF surveys assess both sexual risk behaviors and injection drug use, which are two main sources of HIV infection. In addition to the particular risk of HIV, young adults are also at high risk of contracting other sexually transmitted diseases and infections (STDs/STIs). Over half of the 20 million STDs occurring annually in the United States affect individuals aged 15 to 24 (CDC, 2015b; Weinstock et al., 2004). This monograph tracks some of the key behaviors related to the spread of HIV/AIDS in the United States, some of which also affect the spread of other STDs. The present volume is the fourth monograph in the annual MTF series of reports, all available online from the MTF website. The first monograph, &quot;Overview of Key Findings,&quot; is published near the beginning of each year and provides early findings on the levels and trends in use of various substances by the nation's 8th-, 10th-, and 12th-grade students surveyed in the previous year (Johnston et al., 2016a). Volume I, available at the beginning of June, provides more detailed and complete findings on the same population (Miech et al., 2016). Volume II, available at the beginning of August, provides similar prevalence and trend information on the substance-using behaviors of adult high school graduates through age 55, based on a series of follow-up mailed surveys of representative samples of students from each high school graduating class (Johnston et al., 2016b). Volume II has provided findings specific to college students since 1980. HIV/AIDS risk and protective behaviors were introduced into the MTF follow-up surveys in 2004 and findings based on these measures were reported in Volume II from 2004 through 2008, after which they were published in separate volumes including the present one. (Individual chapters provide references.)