ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Changing Conceptions of the School-Building Problem. Bulletin, 1929, No. 20
Author: Barrows, Alice
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: School Location,School Size,School Buildings,Lighting,Expertise,Educational Facilities Planning,Educational Facilities Design,Elementary Secondary Education,Educational Facilities Improvement,Surveys,Standards,Playgrounds,Urban Schools,Climate,Hygiene

The topics discussed in this bulletin are those that are significant of new developments in regard to the school-building problem. For example, although elementary and high school buildings are of equal importance, considerable space is given to the evolution of the elementary school building of the city school systems because it represents a wider departure from previous types; for the same reason the school-building survey is discussed at length because this is a comparatively new field in which new methods are constantly being worked out. A survey of the school-building problem during the past few years indicates: (1) The planning and erection of school buildings is becoming a highly technical task which demands the combined knowledge and skill of educators, health specialists, building and landscape architects, heating, ventilating, lighting, and sanitation experts; (2) The modern school building, which has been developed during the past 20 years, represents a radical departure from the school building of previous periods; (3) The school building has had to be changed to meet new educational demands; (4) The findings of the Bureau of Education school-building study of modern school buildings in 84 cities in 33 States, which was made in order to determine to what extent modern facilities such as auditoriums, gymnasiums, and special rooms were being included in new school buildings, showed that of the elementary schools studied 82 per cent had auditoriums, 60 per cent had gymnasiums, 75 per cent had special rooms, and 74 per cent had kindergartens; (5) The planning of the school site, its location, size, provision for playground facilities, gardens, etc., is now of equal importance with the planning of the building; and (6) The tendency to have school-building surveys preliminary to working out school-building programs appears to be one of the well-established techniques in the solution of the school-building problem. Contents of this bulletin include: (1) Evolution of the modern city school building; (2) Results of a survey of school buildings in 90 cities in 33 States; (3) Developing school-building standards; (4) The school site; (5) Methods of conducting school-building surveys; and (6) Summary. (Contains 2 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Industrial Education 1926-1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 21
Author: Proffitt, Maris M.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Evening Programs,Industrial Education,Vocational Education,Housing,Age,Employment,Aviation Mechanics,Tests,Exhibits,Enrollment Trends,School Business Relationship,Industry,Public Schools,High Schools,Junior High Schools,Teacher Qualifications,Guidance,Vocational Education Teachers,Printing,Transportation,Part Time Students

The past two years have witnessed a continued and an increasing emphasis upon vocational-industrial and manual-arts types of work in the school curriculum, and a further adjustment of the work to make it a still more effective factor in the realization of the aims of the public schools. In general there has been considerable growth in the enrollments in these types of courses. In the vocational-industrial courses the increase in enrollment is particularly noticeable in part-time and evening classes. This is indicative of the growing recognition of the value of these types of classes in a vocational-industrial program. Manual arts, in the junior high school grades, is more and more becoming a required subject. In the senior high school grades a more thoughtful consideration than formerly is now generally given to the organization of courses in accordance with the needs of the different groups and with regard to specific ways in which the training may function in contributing to the objectives of the secondary school. Contents of this bulletin include: (1) Causes stimulating the development of industrial education; (2) Variety in courses and instructional organization; (3) Improved housing facilities; (4) Part-time and evening schools; (5) Age for entering employment increasing; (6) Printing; (7) Model boat and model airplane building; (8) School exhibits; (9) Guidance; (10) Tests; (11) Teachers; and (12) Summary of some present conditions, tendencies, and problems relative to industrial education. [Best copy available has been provided.]
Secondary Education. Bulletin, 1929, No. 22
Author: Jessen, Carl A.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Articulation (Education),Two Year Colleges,Secondary Education,High Schools,Population Trends,Enrollment Trends,Costs,Educational Finance,Public Schools,Educational Change,Curriculum Development,Educational Research,Junior High Schools,Racial Segregation,Institutional Characteristics

During the period 1918 to 1926 the total population of the United States increased somewhat less than 15,000,000, not quite a 14 per cent growth, according to estimates of the Bureau of the Census. During this same time the number of high schools increased 5,400, a 33 per cent increase. The teaching force in these schools practically doubled. The number of pupils, too, came within a hundred thousand of doubling during the 8-year period. Costs increased more than 300 per cent. This bulletin discusses the following topics as they relate to secondary education: (1) Growth in public high schools; (2) The reorganization movement; (3) The Junior College; (4) The curriculum; (5) Articulation between educational units; and (6) Research and secondary education. (Contains 39 footnotes and 4 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Adult Education Activities during the Biennium 1926-1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 23
Author: Alderman, L. R.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Adult Education,Foreign Countries,War,Citizenship Education,Reading Ability,Immigrants,Educational History,Federal Government,Military Personnel,United States History

There has been increased interest and activity in the field of adult education during the biennium 1926-1928. The term "adult education" is used in so many ways that the question is often asked, "What is adult education?" "Adult education" came into general use in the United States soon after the World War. The shock of the war so aroused men and women that they began to look for a means to prevent such a calamity from ever happening again. It was more clearly seen that a people can not by means of any machinery or form of government exonerate themselves from responsibility for the acts of their Government. When mistakes are made by rulers, the people must suffer the consequences. This concept forces one anew to the conclusion that education of the whole people is most important. Men saw that rank and promotion in any military organization depend much upon education. The war revealed the fact that a very large number of men of military age were unfit for general military assignment due to the lack of ability to read ordinary communications or to convey information by writing. From the National Academy of Sciences came the shocking announcement that about one-fourth of the American Army was not functionally literate. The World War also revealed anew the fact that America is made up of many nationalities; that there were sections of this country which were essentially foreign in language, customs, and ideals. Assimilation had not gone as quickly as it was generally believed. Citizens generally saw that if this country was to enter into any action that required a united people it was necessary to assimilate this large number of foreigners. The demand for instruction for this new population, in order to become fully naturalized, received a great stimulus. The movement was called by the general name of "Americanization." Nearly every large community established classes for preparing the foreign-born for American citizenship by teaching them to read and write English. Native born citizens also began coming to these classes, and thus the term Americanization was no longer  appropriate to describe this movement. The term adult education, which has a much broader significance, and was well-known in Europe, gradually came into general usage. Adult education was accepted and became a slogan for continued education, as new organizations were formed to promote various phases of education for adult men and women. [Best copy available has been provided.]
Record of Current Educational Publications. Bulletin, 1929, No. 24
Author: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED)
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Publications,Annotated Bibliographies,Federal Government,Teaching (Occupation),Hygiene,Sanitation,Genetics,Educational Administration,Educational Theories,Religious Education,Values Education,Child Welfare,Womens Education,Citizenship Education,Agriculture,Special Education,American Indian Education,Early Childhood Education,Extracurricular Activities,Recreation,Home Economics,Military Training,Educational Practices,Biographies,Educational Assessment,Educational Psychology,Educational Sociology,Child Development,Higher Education,Postsecondary Education,Teacher Education,Federal Programs,Educational Facilities,Budgets,Libraries,Black Colleges,African American Education,International Education,Educational Trends,Educational History,Federal Legislation,Educational Legislation,Educational Policy,State Policy,Educational Finance,Public Education,National Surveys,School Surveys,Elementary Secondary Education,Adult Education,Professional Education,Vocational Education,Educational Research,Physical Education,Staff Development,Business Education

The following pages contain a classified and annotated list of educational publications received by the library of the Bureau of Education during the year January to December 1928. A complete author and subject index to the 1,610 entries of this bulletin is found at the end. [Best copy available has been provided.]
Trends in Home-Economics Education, 1926-1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 25
Author: Whitcomb, Emeline S.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Health Education,Curriculum Development,Educational Trends,Trend Analysis,Child Development,Family Relationship,Home Economics,Parent Education,Interpersonal Relationship,Teacher Supervision,Federal Aid,Home Economics Teachers,Professional Associations,Educational Change,Business,Females,Males

Home-economics education during the biennium has made notable progress. Among the achievements are the formation of the Organization of Supervisors and Teachers of Home Economics, further curriculum revision, better integration of home-economics instruction with health education, larger opportunities for child development and parental education, organized courses for social and family relationships, increased interest in business opportunities for women trained in home economics, courses for boys and men, greater Federal appropriations, and more research or fact-finding studies in the various fields of home economics. The contents of this bulletin include: (1) Introduction; (2) Organization of supervisors and teachers of home economics; (3) Curriculum reconstruction; (4) Health education; (5) Child development and parental education; (6) Social and family relationships; (7) Home economics in business; (8) Home economics for boys and men; (9) Home economics for adults; and (10) Home-economics studies and researches. (Contains 2 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Commercial Education 1926-1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 26
Author: Malott, J. O.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Business Education,Educational Change,Labor Market,Job Skills,Vocational Education,Educational Research,Two Year Colleges,State Policy,Business Administration Education,Business,Curriculum Development,Office Practice,High Schools,Junior High Schools,Educational Objectives,Enrollment Trends,Education Work Relationship,Conferences (Gatherings),Private Schools,Higher Education,Postsecondary Education,Teacher Education,School Statistics,Educational Trends,Educational History,Educational Policy,National Surveys,Trend Analysis,Occupational Surveys,Business Education Teachers

The extremely rapid development of new and diverse industries, the equally rapid modification of older industries and business practices, the reshaping of domestic and foreign business relationships, and recent economic changes indicate emphatically the growing responsibility of education for economic and business leadership. A continuing, capable leadership, schooled in the social implications and obligations of business, to cope with new and complex problems of management, is increasingly important for the nation's general welfare. The purpose of this report is to set forth briefly the status and outstanding developments in the program of education for business during the biennium 1926-1928. A review of the education and business literature, including general and special reports pertaining to statistics, city and State school systems, universities, conferences, courses of study, research, and business men's organizations, reveal the operation of many factors in the process of modernizing the traditional program of commercial education. The term "commercial education" is used to include that education and training which prepares specifically for an understanding of the relationships and the performance of activities in business. Contents include: (1) Increased enrollments in commercial education; (2) Trend of the objectives; (3) Changing requirements of business positions; (4) Commercial occupation surveys; (5) State and regional studies; (6) Analyses of the duties of business positions; (7) Recent developments in secondary schools; (8) Commercial teacher training; (9) Higher education for business; (10) Conferences; and (11) Conclusion. (Contains 36 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Review of Educational Legislation 1926-1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 27
Author: Keesecker, Ward W.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Administrative Policy,Superintendents,Counties,School Support,Educational Legislation,School Law,Teacher Salaries,Surveys,Educational Environment,State Departments of Education,Educational Administration,Transportation,Secondary Education,Community Colleges,Teacher Employment Benefits,Retirement Benefits,Teacher Certification,Child Welfare,Safety,Disabilities,Private Schools,Adult Education,State Legislation

During the biennium 1926-1928 approximately 1,200 educational acts of general application were passed in the continental United States. The outstanding general feature is the increased tendency to employ educational surveys and state-wide investigations as bases for educational legislation. In recent years legislatures and school officials have manifested increased interest in securing information concerning school conditions and problems as a basis for formulating legislative and administrative policies affecting the schools. Critical public opinion, demanding economy and efficiency, and the growing science of education have largely favored this tendency. The contents of this bulletin include: (1) Educational investigations and surveys; (2) Recodification of school laws; (3) State administration; (4) State school support; (5) County administration; (6) County superintendents; (7) Consolidation and transportation; (8) Secondary education; (9) Junior colleges; (10) Adult education; (11) Teachers' certificates; (12) Teachers' pensions; (13) Teachers' salaries; (14) Teacher tenure; (15) Physical welfare of school children; (16) Safety of school children; (17) Handicapped children; and (18) Private degree-conferring institutions. (Contains 1 footnote.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Certain Phases of Rural School Supervision: Abstracts of Addresses Delivered at the Third Conference of Supervisors of the Southern States, Held At New Orleans, LA. December 17 and 18, 1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 28
Author: Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education (ED)
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Rural Schools,National Organizations,Parent Teacher Cooperation,Physical Disabilities,Principals,Superintendents,Educational Change,School Supervision,Conferences (Gatherings),Special Needs Students,Special Education,Cooperation,Educational Research,Teacher Education,State Departments of Education,Meetings,Counties,Social Work,Professional Associations

This bulletin contains abstracts of addresses delivered at a two-day conference of State and county rural school supervisors in the Southern States called by the United States Bureau of Education at New Orleans, Louisiana, December 17 and 18, 1928. Abstracts of addresses were prepared from manuscripts submitted by the authors.  Section I: Problems of Special Current Interest in Rural School Supervision contains the following abstracts: (1) Education of Mentally Defective Children  (H. H. Ramsay); (2) Education of Crippled Children (Terry C. Foster); and (3) Supervision of Elementary Instruction in Large Rural Schools by Principals (E. A. Hunt). Section II: Certain Significant Factors in the Solution of Supervisory Problems contains seven abstracts: (1) Cooperative Activities of Supervisors and Principals (Elizabeth Morris); (2) A Research Program for Rural School Supervisors (M. C. S. Noble, Jr.); (3) Participation by Teacher-Preparing Institutions (E. B. Robert); (4) Participation by Teacher-Preparing Institutions (R. L. Eyman); (5) Contributions of State Departments of Education (John M. Foote); (6) Activities of State Departments of Education (J. T. Calhoun); and (7) Service Rendered by Social Workers (N. B. Bond). Section III: Extension of Information Concerning Rural School Supervision presents the following: (1) A: By Teacher-Preparing Institutions (Norman Frost); (2) B: By County Superintendents (Kate Wofford); (3) C: By County Superintendents (A. G. Bowles); (4) D: By Parent-Teacher Associations (S. M. N. Marrs); (5) E: By Supervisors of Rural Schools (Lena Latkin); and (6) F: By State Education Associations (Kyle T. Alfriend). Section IV: Improvement in Teachers' Meetings consists of the following abstracts: (1) Report of the Cooperative Study of Teachers' Meetings (Annie Reynolds); (2) General Organization (J. E. Jaggers); (3) Characteristic Program Activities (H. L. Turner); (4) Certain Measures Useful in Supplementing and Adding to the Value of Teachers' Meetings (John W. Carr); and (5) Suggestions for Improving Teachers' Meetings (Myra M. Nefflen). (Contains 1 table and 3 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Some Phases of Nursery-Kindergarten-Primary Education, 1926 -1928. Bulletin, 1929, No. 29
Author: Davis, Mary Dabney
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Report Cards,Educational Environment,Primary Education,Kindergarten,Scientific Research,Creative Activities,Educational Change,Nursery Schools,Grade 1,Parent Education,Elementary Education,Beginning Reading,Teaching Methods,Emergent Literacy,Elementary School Students,Change Strategies,Educational Improvement,Literature

Three terms which refer to "the child" as the center of education have come into common use during the 1926-1928 biennium. The terms "the whole child," "the child-centered school," and "creative expression," when translated into current practice, indicate significant progress in educational procedures. The actual demonstration in classroom practice of an adequate educational environment has been more widespread and more frequently stimulated and supported by scientific research than it has in the past. Instances of this demonstration in practice, which are suggestive of many others, are discussed in this report. The following topics are discussed: (1) Enriched environment; (2) A new type of educational literature; (3) Children's introduction to reading; (4) Reconstruction of report cards; (5) Nursery school and parent education; (6) Children's progress aided in kindergarten and first grade; and (7) Contributions from research for teaching problems. (12 footnotes and a bibliography are included.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
The General Shop. Bulletin, 1929, No. 30
Author: Proffitt, Maris M.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Shop Curriculum,Junior High Schools,Small Schools,Vocational Education,Industrial Arts,Rural Schools,Curriculum Development,Equipment,Urban Schools,Student Projects,Learning Activities,Males,Mechanical Skills

The general shop is a form of instructional organization for offering work in a variety of shop activities. It is an outgrowth of the general recognition of the need for provision in the school curriculum of exploratory and developmental types of experiences for children of approximately the junior high school age. It also meets an outstanding need of small schools, unable to provide a unit of equipment instruction in a number of shop courses, by providing some training in mechanical manipulative processes and for gaining some useful technical knowledge. The number of schools adopting the general shop as a plan of offering instruction in a number of different activities has increased rapidly during the past two years. The demand upon this office for information relative to the organization of a general shop, the activities to be included, and for the arrangement of class schedules is constant. This manuscript, prepared by the senior specialist in industrial education, was submitted for the purpose of supplying this information. Contents include: (1) Letter of Transmittal; (2) Aims of industrial arts in the junior high school; (3) Values of the general shop; (4) Industrial arts in the rural consolidated school; (5) Equipment for the rural consolidated school; (6) The general shop in city schools; (7) Selection of general shop activities; and (8) General lists of projects and equipment. [Best copy available has been provided.]