ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
The Human Brain Does Not Need High Levels of Motivation to Learn a Foreign Language: Motivation Has Had Its Day
Author: Green, Kieran
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Language Usage,Learning Motivation,Second Language Learning,Literature Reviews,Teaching Methods,Second Language Instruction,Conventional Instruction,Psycholinguistics,Instructional Effectiveness,Learning Processes,Language Acquisition,Learning Activities,Brain

Language is nature in action and something humans do. This literature review presents evidence from the literature that suggests that learning a foreign language in a classroom situation does not require high levels of student motivation. It is instead suggested that high levels of motivation are needed to make progress when a teacher is using traditional teaching methods. It is shown that all healthy human brains are excellent at learning and using language, and high levels of motivation to learn a foreign language are not required if teaching practices and materials replicate natural learning experiences, and class participation is ensured. This work is of great importance to teachers as it demonstrates that teachers would help students more by investing their time in developing class materials than by worrying about student motivation.
A Competence-Based Service for Supporting Self-Regulated Learning in Virtual Environments
Author: Nussbaumer, Alexander
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Competency Based Education,Virtual Classrooms,Self Management,Models,Learner Controlled Instruction,Individualized Instruction,Visual Aids,Feedback (Response),Program Implementation,Holistic Approach,Computer System Design,Case Studies,Usability,Masters Degrees,Student Surveys,Questionnaires,Knowledge Level,Navigation (Information Systems),Foreign Countries

This paper presents a conceptual approach and a Web-based service that aim at supporting self-regulated learning in virtual environments. The conceptual approach consists of four components: 1) a self-regulated learning model for supporting a learner-centred learning process, 2) a psychological model for facilitating competence-based personalization and knowledge assessment, 3) an open learner model approach for visual interaction and feedback, and 4) a learning analytics approach for capturing relevant learner information required by the other components. The Web-based service provides a technical implementation of the conceptual approach, as well as a linkage to existing virtual environments used for learning purposes. The approach and service have been evaluated in user studies in university courses on computer science to demonstrate the usefulness of the overall approach and to get an understanding of some limitations.
A Cognitive Semiotic Study of Students' Reading a Textless Image versus a Verbal Image
Author: Ali, Roaa Hasan
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Semiotics,Undergraduate Students,Internet,Visual Aids,Test Construction,Scoring Rubrics,Test Validity,Creativity,Verbal Communication,Psycholinguistics,Course Content,Reading Comprehension

This study explores fourth year college students' content retrieval from reading textless versus verbal images. Furthermore, it examines the extent to which the respondents comprehend and understand them. The procedures include selecting an image from the internet, designing a written test with its rubrics and exposing it to jury members to ascertain its face validity. The data of this study were analyzed according to the adopted of Peirce's model (1931) of &quot;icon, index and symbol&quot;. The researchers find out that most of the results were in favor of the verbal images, captions restrict readers' creativity to infer any additional message.
&quot;The Presence of the Past&quot;: A Historical Reading of Bizhan Najdi's &quot;A Plant in Quarantine&quot;
Author: Mehrvand, Ahad
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: History,Communicable Diseases,Political Power,Political Attitudes,Correlation,Fear,War,Role,Literary Genres,Foreign Countries,Literature

Using flashbacks, Bizhan Najdi's &quot;A Plant in Quarantine&quot; tells the story of the central character called Taher, an Iranian boy, who has been quarantined in a hospital due to abnormal spread of skin rashes after a military service physician took off a lock from the back of his right shoulder. Immediately, Taher came down with a contagious skin disease called hereditary fear by the rural doctor. This short story brings the past and present together in a peculiar manner, providing an overview of present condition actuated by past events revolving around the Tudeh Party, an Iranian Marxist political party, and the Iran-Iraq War. The analysis of this relationship and the possibility of Taher's hereditary fear is the main focus of the paper, which can account for the role of history in this short story. For such an end, the analysis is carried out at the two levels of writer and story. The writer's disturbed memories, which are related to fear and violence in Iran's contemporary history, and the conditions of their emergence are explored so that the roots of the protagonist's inherent fear might be discernible. The findings of the paper show that the unpleasant presence of the main character's ancestral past is the cause of his predicament, introducing past as an active agent of the present.
Exploring the Link between Online Behaviours and Course Performance in Asynchronous Online High School Courses
Author: Lowes, Susan
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Integrated Learning Systems,Student Behavior,Online Courses,Asynchronous Communication,Technology Uses in Education,Educational Technology,High School Students,Gender Differences,Grades (Scholastic),Data Collection,Data Analysis,Attendance,Interaction,Correlation,Statistical Analysis

As enrolment in online courses has grown and LMS data has become accessible for analysis, researchers have begun to examine the link between in-course behaviours and course outcomes. This paper explores the use of readily available LMS data generated by approximately 700 students enrolled in the 12 online courses offered by Pamoja Education, the course provider for the International Baccalaureate, in 2012-2013. The findings suggest that LMS data sets can indeed provide useful information on the relationship between online behaviours and final grades; that higher levels of online behaviours are associated with higher performance; that two types of behaviour, one associated with attendance and the other associated with interactivity, operate separately; and that these two types of behaviour function differently depending on gender.
Know Thy Student! Combining Learning Analytics and Critical Reflections to Increase Understanding of Students' Self-Regulated Learning in an Authentic Setting
Author: Colthorpe, Kay
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Data Analysis,Data Collection,Educational Research,Self Control,Independent Study,Medical Students,Allied Health Occupations Education,Intervention,Learning Processes,Learning Strategies,Reflection,Academic Achievement,Access to Information,Instructional Materials,Lecture Method,Audio Equipment,Predictor Variables,Foreign Countries,Correlation,Qualitative Research,Statistical Analysis

It is well established that a student's capacity to regulate his or her own learning is a key determinant of academic success, suggesting that interventions targeting improvements in self-regulation will have a positive impact on academic performance. However, to evaluate the success of such interventions, the self-regulatory characteristics of students need to be established. This paper examines the self-regulatory characteristics of a cohort of second-year allied health students, using the evaluation of responses to &quot;meta-learning&quot; assessment tasks supported by access data from the learning management system. Students primarily report using learning strategies from the performance and self-reflection phases. Although few reported using forethought strategies, access to preparatory course materials suggests that these were under-reported. Students who reported reviewing lectures as a learning strategy were more likely to access the online lecture recordings; however, higher access was associated with poorer academic performance. Cluster analysis of all available data showed high academic performance was positively associated with early submission of intra-semester assessment tasks but negatively associated with both use of, and reported of use of lecture recordings by students. These findings suggest that early submission of intra-semester assessment may be useful as a predictor of academic achievement.
Stylistics Analysis in Advertising Discourse: A Case of the Dangote Cement Advertisement in Bamenda--Cameroon
Author: Fomukong, Seino Evangeline Agwa
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Language Usage,Advertising,Language Styles,Printed Materials,Language Research,Industry,Context Effect,Social Influences,Language Variation,Sociolinguistics

There are many purposes for using language which determine how the writer or speaker chooses words, syntactic expressions and figurative language. This is as a result of the fact that language has a very powerful effect over people, their actions and thoughts. This is seen in the use of language in various discourse types which include advertisements. The powerful influence language has on people therefore makes encoders to be choosy in the use of language, especially in advertisement because they have to persuade the readers. Consequently they make the language of advertisements positive and emphasize on the superiority of their products. This study discusses the advertisement of Dangote Cement on billboards in Bamenda, North West Region, Cameroon, analysing what is communicated, how it is communicated and the interpretation. The analysis used as tools the Textual Conceptual Functions as given by Jeffries (2016), uncovering ideologies and social meanings expressed in Dangote Cement advertisement using the following apparatus: prioritisation, implying and assumption, listing, naming and description. The study has emphasized the structural analysis and the role of context to reveal functions and underlying meanings of the text. It also concludes that the advertisers use different stylistic devices that carry positivity, and a common ground that makes the readers identify with the advertisements, urging them go for the Dangote Cement.
Role of &quot;Thinking&quot; and &quot;Understanding&quot; as Two Other Major Skills in Learning a Language: A Pedagogical Interpretation
Author: Obaidullah, Md.
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Language Skills,Thinking Skills,Comprehension,Language Acquisition,Second Language Learning,Critical Thinking,Creative Thinking

It is a long established notion that learning a language means becoming skilled in the four major skills--Listening, Speaking, Reading and Writing. Without being expert in the aforementioned skills, language learning is quite impossible. But there are other two skills like &quot;Thinking&quot; and &quot;Understanding&quot; which appear to be essentially important and also play a vital role in the arena of learning a language. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to focus on these two new skills as the major ones along with the basic four skills and their integrated role in the process of an in-depth learning of a language. Not only this, this paper will also show how these two skills can be taught and assessed by applying some techniques in the classrooms to make language learning a success.
Computer-Assisted Reading and Discovery for Student-Generated Text in Massive Open Online Courses
Author: Reich, Justin
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Large Group Instruction,Online Courses,Data Collection,Data Analysis,Computer Assisted Instruction,Educational Technology,Case Studies,Syntax,Semantics,Reading,Models

Dealing with the vast quantities of text that students generate in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and other large-scale online learning environments is a daunting challenge. Computational tools are needed to help instructional teams uncover themes and patterns as students write in forums, assignments, and surveys. This paper introduces to the learning analytics community the Structural Topic Model, an approach to language processing that can: 1) find syntactic patterns with semantic meaning in unstructured text, 2) identify variation in those patterns across covariates, and 3) uncover archetypal texts that exemplify the documents within a topical pattern. We show examples of computationally aided discovery and reading in three MOOC settings: mapping students' self-reported motivations, identifying themes in discussion forums, and uncovering patterns of feedback in course evaluations.
Text and Image of Advertising in Nigeria: An Enterprise of Socio-Cultural Reproduction
Author: Dalamu, Taofeek
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Language Usage,Social Influences,Cultural Influences,Sociolinguistics,Advertising,Semiotics,Visual Stimuli,Newspapers

The role of language in the construction of socio-cultural reality is inevitable. That is why text is used as a pillar that supports the explication of the intended purpose of images applied in multifaceted ad plates. It is a phenomenal tradition that has remained strong in ad campaigns. Advertisers make images and text as discrete components that are inseparable. Images and texts are sedimentary devices in ads, which we can consider as the social position that motivates this enquiry. After the selection of ten ads from various social strata, semiotics viewed from the stances of Saussure and Peirce has been applied along with social semiotics to analyze the ads. The study reveals that ads and advertisers are keen to the promotion of culture with the use of images with textual collaboration. Reference to antiquity has been exposed as a very useful material in ads because it fascinates the public by reproducing their about-to-be-forgotten cultural heritage. Social exercises in the ads create side attractions that lead to assorted photographic entertainment. Besides boosting the audience social knowledge, socio-cultural reproduction experienced in ads can propel the concerned agencies to repackage our cultural beauties as a means of economic growth and emancipation.
The Courageous Ottoman in Goffe's &quot;Amurath I&quot; (1619)
Author: Al-Olaqi, Fahd Mohammed Taleb
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Drama,English Literature,Foreign Countries,Politics,Culture,Religion,Ethnicity,Christianity,Islam

Thomas Goffe favorably represents the image of Sultan Murad I. The presence of the Turkish Sultan serves to highlight the political and cultural significance. The play depicts the disappearance of the cultural, ethnic, and religious boundaries between the Turks and the English. In the tragedy, the Ottoman Amurath loves his wife, Eumorphe. However, his Machiavellian tutor Lala Schahin persuades Amurath to murder her and depart to martial invasions. The legend Eumorphe is a symbol of Ottoman despotism in Europe. The play points on Amurath's mortal stand and his atrocities towards Christians which is punished by the Serbian assignation. The show accomplishes with the first Battle of Kosovo, in which Amurath is successful but is slain by the Serbian protagonist Cobelitz. According to the Ottoman tradition, his elder son Bajazet gets to the top but then he is enforced to slay his younger brother to avoid his rivalry for the authority.
Critical Discourse Analysis on Chinese Racial Pride Underlying the Malaysian National Identity in &quot;Proud to Be Born a Chinese&quot;
Author: Cyn, Khoo Wei
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Discourse Analysis,Asians,Foreign Countries,Racial Attitudes,Racial Identification,Language Usage,Qualitative Research

The ideology of Chinese racial pride in an online essay &quot;Proud to be born a Chinese&quot; by Dr. Chan-Lui Lee is described and analysed by using the sociocognitive approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA). The research design is based on the notion that Chinese racial pride is a tool to persuade Chinese Malaysians to prioritise their Chinese racial identity over the Malaysian national identity, leading to national disunity and racial fissures in society. This notion runs parallel to the concept of the dynamicity and fluidity of the construction of identity, as explored by Jones, McEwen and Abes in their Reconceptualised Model of Multiple Identities (2007). As the degree to which Malaysians identify with the national identity over other group identities determines the success of national unity (Liu et al, 2002), Dr. Chan-Lui Lee's essay provides insight into the overall success of national unity in Malaysia. &quot;Proud to be born a Chinese&quot; is analysed through three components: the discursive, cognitive and social components, which not only confirm that the essay prioritises Chinese racial identity over Malaysian national identity using Chinese racial pride, but also that the essay and its strategies are a response to the socio-political circumstances in Malaysia and the creation of neonationalist identities in the relatively new nations of Southeast Asia.
Syed Manzoorul Islam's Postmodern Tales: A Study
Author: Sarker, Md Abdul Momen
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Postmodernism,Language Styles,Authors,Indo European Languages,Story Telling,Imagery,Figurative Language,Humor,Literary Genres,Language Rhythm,Discourse Analysis,Psychiatry,Indians,Foreign Countries,Politics

The paper brings into focus how Syed Manzoorul Islam, in his three-decade-long literary career, has mastered a narrative style that sets him apart from many of his Bengali contemporaries. It demonstrates all the traits unique to his storytelling: blurring of boundaries between dream and reality, self-reflexivity, irony, and humor. The research also encapsulates how Syed Islam is different from his contemporary short story writers in terms of constructing plot and character. It foregrounds the author's capability of developing a diction which is completely his own. The paper discusses the postmodern features prevailing in his stories. It shows us how the author invites the readers to be a part of his discourses. It summarizes the author's surrealist imagination which creates a world that is strangely familiar and unfamiliar at the same time. Overall, the research analyzes how the postmodern elements relate to the major themes of Syed Manzoorul Islam's short stories.
Discourse-Centric Learning Analytics: Mapping the Terrain
Author: Knight, Simon
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Discourse Analysis,Outcomes of Education,Data Analysis,Language Usage,Learning Processes,Evidence,Computer Assisted Instruction,Cooperative Learning,Comparative Analysis,Computer Mediated Communication,Dialogs (Language)

There is an increasing interest in developing learning analytic techniques for the analysis, and support of, high-quality learning discourse. This paper maps the terrain of discourse-centric learning analytics (DCLA), outlining the distinctive contribution of DCLA and outlining a definition for the field moving forwards. It is our claim that DCLA provides the opportunity to explore the ways in which discourse of various forms both resources and evidences learning; the ways in which small and large groups, and individuals, make and share meaning together through their language use; and the particular types of language--from discipline specific, to argumentative and socio- emotional--associated with positive learning outcomes. DCLA is thus not merely a computational aid to help detect or evidence &quot;good&quot; and &quot;bad&quot; performance (the focus of many kinds of analytics), but a tool to help investigate questions of interest to researchers, practitioners, and ultimately learners. The paper ends with three core issues for DCLA researchers--the challenge of context in relation to DCLA; the various systems required for DCLA to be effective; and the means through which DCLA might be delivered for maximum impact at the micro (e.g., learner), meso (e.g., school), and macro (e.g., government) levels.
Maximising Asian ESL Learners' Communicative Oral English via Drama
Author: Gill, Chamkaur
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Oral Language,Drama,Grammar,Nonverbal Communication,Asians,Language Fluency,Cultural Influences,Anxiety,Error Correction,Teaching Methods,Language Usage,Foreign Students,Learning Motivation,Self Esteem

This paper proposes that activities based on a variety of drama-based techniques could be valuable in giving Asian ESL learners opportunities to use communicative spoken English confidently and without restraint during their time in English-language-speaking countries. These learners often get anxious when in situations where they are required to speak in English. Fears about making errors related to grammar, fluency and clarity that might cause them to be embarrassed stand in the way of unencumbered speech output. In addition, cultural issues linked to voice-projection and body language can hinder oral interaction in English and hamper their motivation to speak. They are, therefore, deprived of much-needed speaking practice. I find that drama lets my students speak communicatively, free of the dread of constant correction, in a relaxed and enjoyable learner-centred environment that appears to help diminish their anxiety and inhibitions. As a result, their motivation to speak increases, leading to extended speech production.
Commentary on &quot;Beyond Time-on-Task: The Relationship between Spaced Study and Certification in MOOCs&quot;
Author: Pardos, Zachary A.
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Online Courses,Large Group Instruction,Educational Technology,Technology Uses in Education,Study Habits,Time Management,Correlation,Learning Theories,Data Collection,Data Analysis,Educational Research,Student Characteristics,College Students,Time Factors (Learning),Certification,Tests,Scores

In Miyamoto et al. (2015, this issue) the authors looked to substantiate the presence of the spacing effect, referenced from the psychology literature, in several MOOCs. Their secondary analyses constituted a robust, empirical finding on the correspondence between session distribution and certification but with only a coarse, analogous relationship to the theory of distributed practice. This article underscores the difficulty of validating theory and inferring causation from data produced in the wild but also the resultant rigour necessitated by this difficulty. [For &quot;Beyond Time-on-Task: The Relationship between Spaced Study and Certification in MOOCs,&quot; see EJ1126940.]
The Characteristics of Romanticism in the Children's Poem in Iran
Author: Armaghan, Ali
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Poetry,Romanticism,Childrens Literature,Adolescent Literature,Foreign Countries,Travel,Freedom,Individualism,Philosophy

Romanticism is one of the important contemporary literal schools and has absorbed many poets and authors all across the world. Persian literature specifically the adolescents and children poem in Iran has been affected. Many Iranian poets have been among the pioneers of romanticism in the adolescents and children poem. The poems of these poets include delicate interpretations and concepts in the principles of romantic poem. They have used the specifications and principles of romanticism due to the conditions and outlook of the addressees (children and adolescents). The current essay scrutinizes the characteristics of romanticism in the adolescents and children poem. Romanticism considers identifications such as naturalism, rustic are tendencies, liberalism, nostalgic issues, individualism and tendency to traveling. It also tries to explore new interpretations.