ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
War Memories and the Refusal of Male Dominance in Shakir's &quot;Oh, Lebanon&quot;
Author: Al-Momani, Hassan Ali Abdullah
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Novels,War,Females,Sexual Identity,Sex Role,Gender Bias,Arabs,Cultural Influences,Memory,Trauma,Males

This study investigates the role of the war memories in the construction of the female gender identity in Evelyin Shakir's &quot;Oh, Lebanon,&quot; in which the female protagonist refuses to belong to her Arab identity when she lives in the United States because of the brutal war memories she witnesses in Lebanon. Such memories make the protagonist unable to accept her submissive gender role in the Arab culture. In other words, these memories of war motivate the protagonist to revolt against her father's will and to choose her own way of building her identity away from the influence of her Arab culture and traditions. The methodology of this paper is based on a close reading analysis of some quotations from Shakir's short story which will be analyzed to see how the war memories in Lebanon have influenced the construction of the protagonist's gender identity. The study concludes that the trauma of war motivates Arab female gender to react against the male dominance and traditions because war, with its dark memories, might uncover that hidden desire in female's subconscious mind to feel unlimited or constrained with the male dominance.
A Desire for the Marsupial Space: A Lacanian Reading of Lacan
Author: Aghamohammadi, Mehdi
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Biographies,Psychotherapy,Parent Child Relationship,Infants,Mothers,Fathers,Family Influence,Children,Theories,Religious Factors

Jacques Lacan is regarded as an influential French psychoanalyst in the 20th century. In the present article, first, a brief biography of this interpreter of Sigmund Freud is presented and then his key psychoanalytic theories, largely about the infant-mother-father relationship, are summarized. These data are finally analyzed mainly according to Lacan's own ideas. In other words, this article is aimed at providing a Lacanian reading of Lacan. It reveals that his family in particular had a huge impact on his theories, which strongly reflect Lacan's desire for his mother, specifically her marsupial space. The article is concluded by exploring a quatrain by the famous Persian poet Jalal ad-Din Mohammad Rumi in order to further substantiate the claim about Lacan's desire for the space through theorization.
The Ineffectiveness of the Provision of Input on the Problematic Grammatical Feature of Articles
Author: Morgan, Gareth
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Grammar,Form Classes (Languages),Undergraduate Students,English for Academic Purposes,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Instructional Effectiveness,Accuracy,Foreign Countries

This study examined the value of giving specific input on the use of articles on an undergraduate English for Academic Purposes (EAP) course. This topic was chosen as previous cohorts had generated a noticeable amount of errors in their use of articles, and developing written grammatical accuracy was one of the course's aims. Participants were provided with input on the definite, indefinite and zero articles. This involved providing images of authentic article errors, and catering for the interpersonal learner, with emphasis on student: student interaction. Also, a newspaper article was incorporated to illustrate how grammar works at a textual level, and because research has shown that accuracy in the use of the definite article increases during contextualized tasks exploiting authentic materials learners can relate to. However, the lack of effectiveness of highlighting this grammatical feature is illustrated by the students' post-input writing, which generated more errors than the pre-input task, pro rata. In the post-input essay, there was one error for every 25 of the noun phrases, the equivalent of an error every 131 words. In comparison, the rate of errors in the pre-input work was one in every 28 of the noun phrases, or an error every 153 words. Therefore, due to the 16.7% increase in post-input errors, in future, I will not focus on this grammatical feature when attempting to improve written accuracy.
Assessing Reliability of Two Versions of Vocabulary Levels Tests in Iranian Context
Author: Bayazidi, Aso
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Vocabulary,English (Second Language),College Second Language Programs,Language Tests,Equivalency Tests,Test Reliability,Test Validity,Testing,Intervals,Knowledge Level,Correlation,Statistical Analysis

This study examined the equivalence and reliability of the two versions of the Vocabulary Levels Test in an Iranian context. This study was motivated by the fact that the Vocabulary Levels test is increasingly being used in Iran for both research and pedagogical purposes without having been checked for validity and reliability in this context. The equivalence and reliability of the two versions of the test were examined through the parallel-form approach to reliability in Classical True Score theory. Seventy-five intermediate learners of English as a foreign language at the Iran Language Institute took the two versions of the test with one week interval between the two administrations in a counterbalanced fashion. To examine the equivalence of the two versions, the means and variances of the scores obtained for the two tests were compared using paired-sample t-test and one-way ANOVA, respectively. The results of the analyses indicated that the difference between the means of the two versions was significant, and the two versions cannot be considered as parallel forms. To assess the reliability of the two versions, the correlation between the scores obtained from them was estimated using Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results of the analyses showed that the two versions are highly correlated and are reliable tests. It is concluded that the two versions should not be treated as equivalent in longitudinal and gain score studies.
Rhetorical and Linguistic Analysis of Bush's Second Inaugural Speech
Author: Sameer, Imad Hayif
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Presidents,Rhetoric,Public Speaking,Models,Language Usage,Linguistics,Politics

This study attempts to analyze Bush's second inaugural speech. It aims at investigating the use of linguistic strategies in it. It resorts to two models which are Aristotle's model while the second is that of Atkinson's (1984) to draw the attention towards linguistic strategies. The analysis shows that Bush's second inaugural speech is successful because it manifests and achieves these strategies.
Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause
Author: Otgonsuren, Tseden
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Languages,Grammar,Nouns,Phrase Structure,Syntax

This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if the noun phrase generated through the parataxis, is the complement of the postpositional phrase, the head word of the relevant noun phrase can be truncated. In other words, since this head noun is governed by case marker in its null form to generate the postpositional phrase, the head noun can be encoded. The second approach generates two different types of noun phrases in their structures: free structured and non-free structured noun phrases. Of them, the free structured noun phrase allows any syntactic transformations in their internal structure based on the senses of the case markers which denote a relation. That is to say, the null constituents in this type of noun phrases can be encoded to generate an extended alternative of the noun phrase and a relative clause.
On the Acquisition of the Prenominal Adjective Order by Kuwaiti EFL Learners
Author: Alotaibi, Maye A.
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Form Classes (Languages),Grammar,Language Proficiency,Language Tests,Interference (Language),Error Analysis (Language),Undergraduate Students,Statistical Analysis

This study aims to test the extent to which 80 Kuwaiti EFL learners are aware of prenominal adjective ordering system in English, particularly how it affects Kuwaiti EFL learners' grasp on English grammar. In addition, it checks whether the English proficiency level of the participants plays a role in their answers on the test. Therefore, a prenominal adjective ordering test was used to measure the participants' ability to produce the correct order of prenominal adjectives in English. This research instrument was chosen on the basis of the researchers' belief that this type of test leads to uncovering the causes beyond the correct/wrong answers provided by the participants on the test. Following data analysis, the results reveal that Kuwaiti EFL learners may not be fully aware of the prenominal adjective ordering system in English (total mean = 48.75%). The t-test shows that the English proficiency level of the participants plays a crucial role in the production of prenominal adjectives in English. In particular, there is a statistically significant difference between the answers of the advanced (65%) and intermediate learners (32.5%). The number of correct answers provided by the advanced learners is higher than that provided by the intermediate learners. Regarding the types of error made by the participants, it has been argued that the most noticeable ones are due to first language (L1) negative transfer. Finally, the study concludes with some pedagogical implications and recommendations for further research.
Undergraduate ESL Students' Difficulties in Writing the Introduction for Research Reports
Author: Maznun, Mirrah Diyana Binti
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Undergraduate Students,English (Second Language),Writing Skills,Research Reports,Interviews,College Faculty,Student Research,Qualitative Research,Foreign Countries

This study was conducted to investigate the difficulties encountered by undergraduate ESL students in writing the introduction section of their project reports. Five introduction sections of bachelor of arts students, majoring in English language, were analyzed and a lecturer was interviewed regarding the areas of the students' weaknesses. Swales' create-a-research-space (cars) model was used as the analytical framework of the study. The results revealed that students confronted problems in writing their introduction for each move especially for move 2, which consists of counter claiming, indicating research gap, raising questions from previous research and continuing tradition. It was also found that the students had difficulty in writing the background of the study, theoretical framework, and statement of the problem which indicated their unawareness of the appropriate rhetorical structure of the introduction section.
Effective Reading Comprehension in EFL Contexts: Individual and Collaborative Concept Mapping Strategies
Author: Riahi, Zahra
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Concept Mapping,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Adolescents,Experimental Groups,Control Groups,Independent Study,Cooperative Learning,Females,Comparative Analysis,Reading Comprehension,Pretests Posttests,Statistical Analysis,Foreign Countries,Language Tests,Scores

The present study attempted to investigate the possible impacts of Individual Concept Mapping (ICM) and Collaborative Concept Mapping (CCM) strategies on Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension. For this purpose, 90 pre-intermediate female language learners ranged between 12 to 17 years of age were selected to randomly assign into ICM, CCM and Control groups in this study. After taking Key English Test (KET), the ICM and CCM groups received EFL reading materials presented and practiced with ICM and CCM strategies, respectively, while the Control group received only conventional instructions to reading comprehension. After conducting the treatment, all participants took a Concept Mapping post-test constructed by the researchers. The hypothetical assumptions in this study were in favor of ICM and CCM strategies to improve the Iranian EFL learners' reading comprehension. Statistics supported the outperformance of the ICM and CCM groups comparing to Control group who received convention PPP teaching techniques on Concept Mapping post-test. However, the superiority of neither strategies was statistically proved so that no meaningful difference between the reading comprehension of the ICM and CCM groups were detected. Therefore, the researchers failed to determine which strategy caused a better or higher impact. Some pedagogical implications and recommended topics for further research were provided to the motivated researchers.
Deixis in Spontaneous Speech of Jordanian Urban Arabic Native Speakers
Author: Sa'aida, Zainab
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Urban Areas,Native Speakers,Semitic Languages,Speech Communication,Language Usage,Language Variation,Dialects,Observation,Nonverbal Communication

This study aims at describing types and usages of deixis in the speech of Jordanian Urban Arabic native speakers. The present study was conducted in different settings which researcher's family members, friends, colleagues, and acquaintances took part in. Data of the study were collected through observing spontaneous speech of native speakers of Jordanian Urban Arabic. The data consist of transcriptions of deictic expressions, which were categorised into groups according to the types or usages of deictic words. The data were translated and transliterated by the researcher. The International Phonetic Alphabet symbols were used to transcribe the data. Findings of the study show that there are five types of deictic expressions in Jordanian Urban Arabic: Personal, spatial, temporal, discourse and social deixis. The current study has also described the various usages of deictic words in Jordanian Urban Arabic: gestural, symbolic, and non-deictic usage.
The Different Types of Ethnic Affiliation in M. G. Vassanji's &quot;No New Land&quot;
Author: Abbas, Hussein Ali
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethnicity,Ethnic Groups,Immigrants,Land Settlement,Foreign Countries,Social Bias,Relocation,Novels,Acculturation,Cultural Differences,Social Differences,Books

Establishing a sense of affiliation to ethnicity is one of the most controversial issues for people who are displaced in countries that are far away from their motherland. The colonisation of the British over Asia and Africa in the nineteenth century resulted in the mass movement of Indian workers from India to Africa. These workers were brought in to build railways that connected the British colonies in East Africa namely Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda. While the arrival of the Indian workers is considered as a kind of colonial practice, but their deportation in the post-independence years is seen as a part of decolonization. These Indians were forced to leave Africa as they were blamed for being non supportive of the Africans who were then engaged in armed struggles against the British colonialists. This study is based on the lives of these deported Indians as depicted in the novel titled &quot;No New Land&quot; by M.G. Vassanji. M.G. Vassanji is a Canadian novelist whose family was also deported from Dar Esslaam, Tanzania. He also describes how the Indian Shamses were strict in affiliating with the different social and cultural background they found in their new home, Canada. This research examines the theme of affiliation and the experiences of these migrants. This study will show that South Asians in Canada are strict in their affiliation to their ethnic values. Secondly, it will expose the three types of affiliation and finally show how the author deals with affiliation as a part of the community's ethnic record that must be documented.
Article Errors in the English Writing of Saudi EFL Preparatory Year Students
Author: Alhaisoni, Eid
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Error Patterns,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,College Students,Taxonomy,Incidence,Writing (Composition),Language Usage,Language Skills,Interference (Language),Interlanguage,Writing Assignments

This study aims at providing a comprehensive account of the types of errors produced by Saudi EFL students enrolled in the preparatory year programe in their use of articles, based on the Surface Structure Taxonomies (SST) of errors. The study describes the types, frequency and sources of the definite and indefinite article errors in writing compositions. Data were collected from written samples of 150 students. They were given one-and-a-half hours to write on one of four different descriptive topics. Analysis of inter-lingual and intra-lingual sources of article errors revealed that the frequency of eliminating both the indefinite articles and the definite article was higher than the frequency of inserting and substituting one article with the other. The study also shows that errors of using &quot;a&quot; were more common than errors of using &quot;an&quot; and &quot;the&quot; in the writing texts. This result also indicates that L1 interference strongly influences the process of second language acquisition of the articles, having a negative effect on the learning process. Pedagogical practices including comparison of article use in learners' both language systems may improve learners' ability to use the articles correctly in writing and the other language skills.
The Effect of Flipped Model of Instruction on EFL Learners' Reading Comprehension: Learners' Attitudes in Focus
Author: Karimi, Mehrnoosh
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Blended Learning,Technology Uses in Education,Educational Technology,Homework,Video Technology,Teaching Methods,English (Second Language),English Language Learners,Reading Comprehension,Student Attitudes,Late Adolescents,Young Adults,Reading Tests,Pretests Posttests,Experimental Groups,Control Groups,Comparative Analysis,Questionnaires,Statistical Analysis

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of flipped model of instruction on EFL learners' reading comprehension ability. Moreover, this study aimed at identifying EFL students' attitudes toward flipped model of instruction. To this end, 60 EFL learners studying at an accredited private language institute in Isfahan were first conveniently sampled and were homogenized through a sample of PET. 50 EFL learners within age range of 19 to 25 were selected for the study and equally assigned into two groups-experimental and group. A researcher-made reading comprehension test was given to the participants as the pretest of the study. The experimental group received flipped model of instruction, whereas the control group received traditional model of instruction. At the end of the study, the researcher-made reading comprehension test was administered to the two groups of the study as their posttest. Moreover, in order to identify the EFL students' attitude towards the flipped model of instruction, the participants were asked to complete a questionnaire on flipped model of instruction developed primarily by Elfatah and Ahmed (2016). The results of ANCOVA revealed that flipped model of instruction had a significant positive effect on the reading comprehension ability of EFL students. Moreover, the results of frequency analyses indicated that EFL students in the experimental group had positive attitude towards attitude flipped model of instruction and agreed that it was helpful to them in many ways. The results and implications of the study are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Women's Oppressed and Disfigured Life in Margaret Atwood's the Handmaid's Tale
Author: Zarrinjooee, Bahman
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Novels,Feminism,Females,Gender Bias,Cultural Influences,Social Influences,Biology,Sexuality,Social Attitudes,Identification (Psychology)

The present study attempts to analyze Margaret Atwood's (1939-) &quot;The Handmaid's Tale&quot; (1985) based on theories of feminist thinker, Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) and applies her theories presented in &quot;The Second Sex&quot; (1949) that leads to better apprehension of sex and gender. Beauvoir's ideology focuses mainly on the cultural mechanisms of oppression which cause to confine women under the title of Other to man's self. In her view woman cannot be a simple biological category, and she asserts that womanhood is imposed on woman by civilization. In her idea, the fundamental social meaning of woman is Other. She believes that biology is the main source for woman's oppression within patriarchal society, and challenges the discourse through which women are defined based on her biology. She also believes that sexuality is another aspect of women's oppression and exploitation and all functions of women. In Beauvoir's view, prostitution and heterosexuality are exploitation of woman. She rejects the heterosexuality as the norm for sexual relations. This paper tries to show how Atwood in &quot;The Handmaid's Tale&quot; speculates feminist issues such as loss of identity, subordination of woman in a male dominated society and women's exploitation in consumer society where woman's body is treated as an object, a tool and consumable item. Atwood focuses on the problems such as gender inequality, and pitfalls of patriarchal system for women's oppression.
The Effort to Increase the Students' Achievement in Poetry Mastery through Semiotic Method
Author: Dirgeyasa, I Wy.
Date: 2017-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Academic Achievement,Poetry,Semiotics,Foreign Countries,Student Attitudes,Research Methodology,Pretests Posttests,Teaching Methods,Hermeneutics

The obejectives of this research are to know the improvement of the students' achievement in poetry mastery and their perception regarding to the semiotic method in teaching and learning poetry in English Education Department, Languages and Art Faculty of State University of Medan. The research method used is the Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the research are the fifth semester of 37 students of 2013/2014 academic year. The data are collected by test in order to know the students' achievment in poetry mastery. The students' perception toward the implementation of the semiotic method for teaching and learning poetry is collected by questionaire. The data are analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result of research shows that (1) the average score of the students' achievement of poetry mastery is (71.75) or it increases (11,59) point from pre-test (60.16) and (2) in general, the students' perception toward the semiotic method for teaching and learning poetry are good and positive.
Classroom Social Signal Analysis
Author: Raca, Mirko
Date: 2014-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Behavior,Class Activities,Teacher Attitudes,Questionnaires,Interviews,Video Technology,Eye Movements,Foreign Countries

We present our efforts towards building an observational system for measuring classroom activity. The goal is to explore visual cues which can be acquired with a system of video cameras and automatically processed to enrich the teacher's perception of the audience. The paper will give a brief overview of our methodology, explored features, and current findings.