ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Turning White: Co-Opting a Profession through the Myth of Progress, an Intersectional Historical Perspective of &quot;Brown v. Board of Education&quot;
Author: Martin, Jennifer L.
Date: 2020-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Shortage,African American Teachers,Racial Bias,Teacher Recruitment,Desegregation Litigation,School Desegregation,Educational History,Charter Schools,Equal Education,School Choice,Diversity (Faculty)

The U.S. is currently experiencing a teacher shortage. Many school districts have been impacted by this issue and want to know: how do we recruit more qualified candidates into the profession, and, more importantly, how do we recruit more Teachers of Color? We may be experiencing a shortage of teachers in general, but there has been a paucity of Teachers of Color, particularly Black teachers, for decades. Looking back to the &quot;Brown v. Board&quot; decision (1954) to integrate public schools, thousands of Black teachers were pushed out of their jobs in various ways. In this article, we examine how this historical and groundbreaking decision had unintended negative consequences for Black teachers at the time of the decision and in the decades to follow. We speculate about the consequences for past, present, and future Students of Color with little to no exposure to and experience with Black teachers. Finally, we theorize intersectional solutions to the teacher shortage in general. Bringing issues of race to the forefront of our conversations about teaching is critical, but rare. According to Douglass Horsford (2019), &quot;race remains not only a difficult and unwelcome topic among educators but also among education researchers, which perhaps leads to its undertheorizing in the field&quot; (p. 262).
Understanding the Perpetuation of Inequalities in Brazilian K-12 Public and Private Schools from a Historical Perspective
Author: Mendonca, Ana Lucia
Date: 2020-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Cultural Traits,Social Differences,Equal Education,Private Schools,Public Schools,Educational History,Foreign Countries,Educational Policy,Elementary Secondary Education,Kindergarten,Social Systems,Social Change,Teaching Methods,Educational Legislation

Brazilian education has specific cultural and regional traits that infuse the school settings and vast inequalities that go beyond cultural and socioeconomic levels. All that contributed to creating two different school settings: the private and the public. The purpose of this article is to understand from a historical perspective how policies and laws were developed throughout different political periods and how they contributed to the formation of the educational setting in Brazil.
A Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research Using Mathematics Manipulatives with Students at Risk or Identified with a Disability
Author: Peltier, Corey
Date: 2020-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: At Risk Students,Students with Disabilities,Manipulative Materials,Research Design,Educational Research,Mathematics Instruction,Instructional Effectiveness,Intervention,Age Differences,Research Methodology,Behavior Disorders,Emotional Disturbances,Mathematical Concepts,Preschool Education,Elementary Secondary Education

Manipulatives are widely considered an effective practice and have been recommended as an evidence-based practice for students identified with a learning disability when used within the concrete--representational--abstract instructional framework. The aim of the current study was to evaluate single-case experimental designs that implemented a mathematics intervention using manipulatives on the mathematical outcomes of students at risk or identified with a disability. A total of 53 studies were included in the review. The Tau-&quot;U&quot; effect size (ES) across studies ranged from 0.34 to 1.00, with an omnibus ES of 0.91 (CI[subscript 95] = [0.87, 0.95]). The between-case standardized mean difference for individual studies ranged from 0.03 to 18.58. Moderator analyses revealed that out of nine variables analyzed (i.e., study quality, design, age, interventionist, manipulative type, perceptual richness, math concept, dependent variable, and disability category), only disability category served as a moderator. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
A Critical Look at Women&apos;s Role in Physical Education and Sport in the 1930s
Author: Ellner, Mark
Date: 2020-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Females,Physical Education,Athletics,Sex Role,Feminism,Gender Differences,Educational History,Gender Bias,Equal Education,Physiology,Sexuality

This historical research focuses on the role of women in physical education and sport during the 1930s. The purpose is to explore the trends that led to a vast difference between men's and women's roles and expectations in physical education and sport during this time period. To engage in effective research of this societal difference, a Feminist Theoretical Framework was employed to analyze primary and secondary sources related to physical education and sports during the 1930s. The research reveals that while sports and physical education became an increasing part of life in the United States during the 1930s, women's roles and expectations were drastically diminished from those of men. From the intensity levels of physical activity to the rules of the games played, women were seen as an inferior gender within the sports and physical education scope. This article found three main themes leading to the diminished role of women in sports and physical education. They are, cultural views of the 1930s, biologics leading to rules changes, and the sexualization of women athletes. This study contributes to the search for equity in the development of physical education programs and sports programs for women. By revealing past gender roles, a closer examination of current roles becomes clear.
Predicting Achievement with Artificial Neural Networks: The Case of Anadolu University Open Education System
Author: Yildiz Aybek, Hilal Seda
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Students,Academic Achievement,Prediction,Artificial Intelligence,Scores,Open Education,Tests,Introductory Courses

This study aims to predict the final exam scores and pass/fail rates of the students taking the Basic Information Technologies -- 1 (BIL101U) course in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 academic years in the Open Education System of Anadolu University, through Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). In this research, data about the demographics, educational background, BIL101U course mid-term, final and success scores of 626,478 students was collected and purged. Data of 195,584 students, obtained after this process was analysed through Multilayer Perception (MLP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) models. Sixteen different networks attained through the combination of ANN parameters were used to predict the final exam scores and pass/fail rates of the students. As a result of the analyses, it was found out that networks established through MLPs make more exact predictions. In the prediction of the final exam scores, it was determined that there is a low level of correlation between the actual scores and predicted scores. In the analyses for the prediction of pass/fail rates of the students, networks established through MLPs ensured more exact prediction results. Moreover, it was determined that the variables as mid-term exam scores, university entrance scores and secondary school graduation year were of highest importance in explaining the final exam scores and pass/fail rates of the students. It was found out that in the higher institutions serving for Open and Distance Learning, pass/fail state of the students can be predicted through ANN under favour of variables of students which have been found as most the important predictors.
Writing Instruction for English Learners in a Translingual Classroom
Author: Read, Sylvia
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Writing Instruction,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Multilingualism,Teaching Methods,Knowledge Base for Teaching,Self Concept,Lesson Plans,Music Education,Video Technology,Collaborative Writing,Persuasive Discourse,Authors

The authors review three different strands of work on English writing research and instruction, working to harmonize them into a coherent translingual approach to teaching writing in the postsecondary EFL/EIL/ESL writing classroom. Five principles from English composition research (now often called writing studies) describe the fundamental knowledge base; next, the work of researchers specifically in the writing of L2 speakers provides a contrasting perspective; and finally, recent translingual scholarship usefully complicates the other two. The paper then offers two sample writing lessons that demonstrate an approach to writing pedagogy triangulating these three bodies of knowledge.
The Quest for the Education: Racism, Paradox, and Interest Convergence in the Life of George Washington Carver
Author: Wilson, Ron
Date: 2020-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Biographies,Racial Discrimination,African Americans,Critical Theory,Scientists,Agriculture,Black Colleges,Whites

George Washington Carver is known primarily for his life and work at Tuskegee Institute in Alabama. This historical research provides insight prior to that time and into his journey from Missouri to several towns in Kansas, and then to Iowa. The intersection of race, education, and philanthropy combined to guide the culmination of his life's work--in concert with interest convergence.
The Forgotten Voices in Higher Education: Students&apos; Satisfaction with English-Medium Instruction
Author: Karakas, Ali
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Students,Student Satisfaction,Language of Instruction,English (Second Language),Private Colleges,Language Skills,Teacher Competencies,School Policy,Educational Quality,Educational Practices

This study explores how satisfied Turkish students are with English-medium instruction (EMI) in the context of higher education in an era when EMI universities operate as international brands capitalizing on English as a commodity to vie for more customers, that is, national and international students. Data were collected through a questionnaire administered to a large group of students enrolled in a private EMI university in Turkey's capital, Ankara. The data were further complemented through qualitative data obtained from open-ended email discussions with students. The analysis done by computing descriptive statistics and content analysis addressed EMI in terms of students' satisfaction with (1) teaching, (2) content teachers' English, (3) their institutions, and (4) their institutions' English language policies and practices. The results show that the majority of the students were satisfied with EMI in general and the four components, but it was their institutions' language policies and practices with which students were less satisfied compared to other EMI components for some reasons. Pedagogical implications of the findings are discussed in light of the findings of previous studies.
The Cooperation Principle in President Obama&apos;s Second Inaugural Chicago Speech
Author: Ngoy, Euphrem
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Presidents,Speeches,Computational Linguistics,Cooperation,Speech Acts,Communication Strategies,Rhetorical Criticism,Discourse Analysis,Text Structure,Emotional Response,Political Attitudes,Audience Awareness

The full text of the speech given by President Barack Hussein Obama in Chicago after he won a second term in office as US President has been broken into its minimal communicative speech acts. This strategy has been used to analyse and understand how the whole speech is consistent with the cooperative maxims of Quality, Quantity, Relation and Manner. Being a corpus-based work the study goes through the Rhetorical Criticism Approach with the Textual Analysis as the method at hand. The resulting interpretation shows that President Obama's speech fascinated and positively affected his listeners' emotions because it was highly consistent with all the four maxims of Cooperation, that is, the speech was cooperative in design. With these results we can confirm that the cooperative quality of a political speech is crucial to the audience's appreciation of the speaker and the value of his public talk.
The Ecology of English and Chinese in the English Language Policies and Practices of a Chinese University
Author: Xu, Hongmei
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Chinese,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Asian Culture,Language Role,Language Attitudes,Educational Policy,Teacher Attitudes,Student Attitudes,College Students,Correlation,Case Studies,Competition,Language Planning,Universities,Bilingual Education,Language of Instruction

There has been a widespread concern in China about language education that while much emphasis has been put on English and English education, Chinese language and culture seem to have been neglected. Debates have arisen over what role English should play in China's education, as well as how the role of English is related to Chinese language and culture. Taking ecological language planning and policy as its conceptual orientation and following an embedded single-case study design, this study explores the role of English and its relationship with Chinese in the English language policies and practices of a Chinese university. Data drawn upon mainly include documents, in-depth interviews, and observational field notes. In addition, questionnaires were administered to document circulating beliefs among teachers and students at this higher education institution. Analysis indicates that English is most valued by its utilitarian value, in particular, the competitive advantage it brings to different stakeholders. Analysis also highlights the dynamic relationship between English and Chinese in the language ecology of this university.
Effectiveness of Implementing World Englishes in English Language Curricula
Author: Orikasa, Mami
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Language Variation,Foreign Countries,State Universities,Intervention,News Reporting,Undergraduate Students,Teaching Methods,Second Language Instruction,Web Sites,Native Speakers,Student Attitudes

Although world Englishes and various teaching practices in English as an international language (EIL) have been recommended for English language curricula, the effectiveness of including a variety of Englishes in such curricula has not been fully examined. This small-scale study investigated the effectiveness of exposure to world Englishes among undergraduate students at a public university in northeast Japan. The students (N = 48) watched web-based news and presentations regularly (e.g., &quot;NHK World&quot;) in English from home and abroad, featuring native and non-native English speakers, and responded to comprehension questions. After 13 weeks of intervention, the students completed a survey questionnaire that used a 5-point Likert scale. Responses to closed-ended items in the survey were generally positive; the intervention appeared to contribute to broadening students' view of the world, and it increased their awareness of the varieties of English currently used. In addition, the majority of the participants positively evaluated &quot;good Japanese English&quot; as a variety of international communication, unlike those in previous studies who had a contrasting view. However, the class did not seem to provide the students with a full sense of participation in the world of English users due to a lack of sufficient interaction in English with other EIL users. Limitations and pedagogical implications of the study are also discussed.
Imagined Second Language Identities Language Learning and Identity -- A New Perspective
Author: Saito, Sayaka
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Self Concept,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Language Variation,Global Approach,Case Studies,Teaching Methods,Foreign Countries,Private Schools,Preschool Education,Elementary Secondary Education,Adult Education

Recent studies claim that second language learning influences learner identities. In the light of globalisation, learners of English invest in this powerful language of career and social enhancement, which is simultaneously an investment in their new identities. Learners of English, particularly in EFL countries such as Japan, strive to acquire this language despite their limited immediate need for it. This small qualitative case study of Japanese adult learners of English suggests that they believe English can transform who they are and/or what they can do. Additionally, they regard English as the language with which they can express their opinions freely. Findings also suggest that these Imagined Second Language Identities (ISLIs) -- imagined English-speaking selves in an imagined global English-speaking community -- are primary factors that influence their investment in learning English and their willingness to communicate actively. Given this, the concept of ISLIs should be explored and incorporated into ELT.
The Benefits of a Bilingual Program in English Language Teaching in Vietnam
Author: Nguyen, Mai Thanh
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Bilingual Education,Language Proficiency,Grade 5,Teaching Methods,Conventional Instruction,Elementary Secondary Education,Elementary School Students,Program Effectiveness

The paper summarizes the situation of English Language Teaching (ELT) at a general education level in Vietnam and briefly reviews bilingual education, its advantages and its disadvantages. The implementation of a bilingual program in the Vietnamese American School System (VASS) is also described. To compare the English proficiency of pupils studying bilingual program at VASS with those who study English as a foreign language (EFL) as in most cases in Vietnam, a study using standard Cambridge English examinations for all Grade 5 pupils in District 2 of Ho Chi Minh City as well as Grade 5 pupils of VASS has been conducted. The results of the study show big differences in the levels of English competency of bilingual pupils at VASS and those of pupils attending a normal Vietnamese program. This is clear evidence of the advantages of a bilingual education, and maybe a solution for teaching foreign languages in Vietnam's general education system.
How Race Can Impact Our Writing Self-Efficacy in College Composition
Author: Ryan, Paris
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Race,Writing (Composition),Self Efficacy,Student Attitudes,Community Colleges,Freshman Composition,College Freshmen,Racial Differences,Writing Apprehension

This study focused on how race impacts a student's perception and success in a community college composition course. The purpose was to uncover the factors that led to successful writers with a focus in self-efficacy and writing. The study used a quantitative research method to analyze the research question.
Your Students Are Cheating More than You Think They Are. Why?
Author: Ives, Bob
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Cheating,Ethics,College Students,Student Behavior,Student Attitudes,Grades (Scholastic),Student Financial Aid,Scholarships,Plagiarism

Neutralization Theory proposes that when people engage in behavior that they know is not approved by society, they neutralize, or justify, their behavior by applying one or more of several neutralization techniques. In this report we use data from a study that investigated self-reported reasons for academic misconduct from post-secondary students in Romania. We found that students offered reasons that range widely, and well beyond the options included in Neutralization Theory. Factor analysis of the responses also lead to the conclusion that reasons for committing academic misconduct may be unidimensional.
Preliminary Findings from a Pilot Intervention to Address Academic Misconduct among First-Year College Students
Author: Locquiao, Jed
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Pilot Projects,Program Effectiveness,Intervention,Cheating,College Freshmen,Knowledge Level,Student Motivation,Plagiarism

This study examined academic misconduct knowledge and motivations of first-year college students enrolled in a major Western U.S. public university. Data involved student responses to online prompts. Several findings emerged. First, students started college with gaps in knowledge on citations/references, test/assignment cheating, and the nature of academic integrity, despite higher education institutions' (HEIs) elevated scrutiny on students adhering to academic conventions and ethics. Second, the great majority of students cited extrinsic motivations with going to college. Results speak to the relevancy of HEI programs that explicitly instructs new students in academic misconduct topics (e.g., definitions, procedures, and consequences). And results suggest that such programs might yield more efficient lasting lessons by stressing the tangible instrumental costs of academic misconduct (e.g. financial costs, work prospects, and social disapproval).
Design Thinking, Ethnography, and the Red Team Approach to Involving Undergraduate Students in Research
Author: Ryan, Kyle
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Undergraduate Students,Student Research,Ethnography,Honors Curriculum,Curriculum Development,Design,Critical Thinking,Thinking Skills

This paper explores the revision of an existing Honors Program (HP) that includes the possible creation of a first-year, second semester course. Inherent in this course is the premise of Design Thinking (DT) that provided the students the opportunity to not only design the course, but to also implement Design Thinking in order to create an initiative that would leave a lasting impact on the campus or surrounding community. Inherent to this initiative is the use of Red Teaming (RT) that allows students the opportunity to employ both ethnographic and critical thinking skills.
Examining Student Teacher Reflection Using Video-Based, Structured Reflection Procedures
Author: Calkins, Leona
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Teacher Attitudes,Reflective Teaching,Video Technology,Social Studies,Preservice Teachers,Student Teacher Supervisors,Professional Development,Lecture Method

This study was designed to investigate the implementation of a video-based reflection requirement in a teacher education program designed to support social studies student teachers' growth as teachers. The data included videos from twelve undergraduate preservice teachers earning a teaching license in secondary social studies. In total 37 videos were uploaded to an online system and analyzed. A rubric, designed by university faculty, was used for coding. Lecture format was the most commonly used instructional strategy with only five of the videos showcasing a different, primary instructional strategy. Student teachers also most commonly recorded the beginning portion of class which tended to show the end of a warm-up/bell ringer and the transition into lecture. Because videos showed similar instructional styles and portions of class, evidence of growth was limited. However, those student teachers who took the video reflections seriously did show growth and were able to learn from and adjust their instruction by reflecting on their previous recordings.