ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Enhancing the Standard of Teaching and Learning in the 21st Century via Qualitative School-Based Supervision in Secondary Schools in Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC)
Author: Ebele, Uju F.
Date: 2017-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Secondary Schools,Supervision,Secondary School Teachers,Statistical Analysis,Questionnaires,Teacher Effectiveness,Secondary School Students,Academic Achievement

The study focused on enhancing the standard of teaching and learning in the 21st century via qualitative school-based supervision in secondary schools in Abuja municipal area council. To guide the study, two null hypotheses were formulated. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The sample of the study constituted of 270 secondary schools teachers in Abuja municipal area council. The study employed questionnaire for data collection while Chi-square was used as statistical analysis technique. Findings from the study indicated that school-based supervision significantly enhanced teachers' performance in secondary school. The finding further revealed that school-based supervision significantly promoted students' academic performance in secondary school. Based on the findings, it was recommended that since supervision enhanced the performance of both teachers and students, the quality of school-based supervision in secondary schools should be intensified in order to promote the quality of teaching and learning.
Self-Organizing Neural Network Map for the Purpose of Visualizing the Concept Images of Students on Angles
Author: Kaya, Deniz
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mathematics Instruction,Geometry,Geometric Concepts,Visualization,Qualitative Research,Cognitive Mapping,Grade 7,Models,Mathematical Concepts,Foreign Countries,Questioning Techniques,Secondary School Students,Secondary School Mathematics

The purpose of the study is to perform a less-dimensional thorough visualization process for the purpose of determining the images of the students on the concept of angle. The Ward clustering analysis combined with Self-Organizing Neural Network Map (SOM) has been used for the dimension process. The Conceptual Understanding Tool, which consisted of the open-ended question &quot;write the first ten things you remember when the term 'angle' is mentioned&quot; to the study group, which consisted of 250 seventh grade students. The analysis results showed that students mostly explained the concept of angle by associating it with mathematics and other sciences with the terms like &quot;reflection and incidence angle,&quot; &quot;numbers,&quot; &quot;light,&quot; &quot;graphics,&quot; &quot;fraction,&quot; &quot;area,&quot; &quot;speed,&quot; &quot;algebraic expressions,&quot; &quot;energy,&quot; &quot;sound,&quot; &quot;four operations,&quot; &quot;viewpoint,&quot; &quot;electricity&quot; and &quot;natural numbers.&quot; The students mostly established relations with the static side of the angle. At the end of the study, the dataset obtained from the Conceptual Understanding Tool was used for training the SOM, and a structure that reveals the images of the students on angle has been recommended.
Using the &quot;Expert Performance Approach&quot; as a Framework for Improving Understanding of Expert Learning
Author: Williams, A. Mark
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Expertise,Performance,Individual Differences,Learning Processes,Skill Development,Teaching Methods,Perceptual Development,Cognitive Development,Efficiency

The expert performance approach, initially proposed by Ericsson and Smith (1991), is reviewed as a systematic framework for the study of &quot;expert&quot; learning. The need to develop representative tasks to capture learning is discussed, as is the need to employ process-tracing measures during acquisition to examine what actually changes during learning. We recommend the use of realistic retention and transfer tests to infer what has been learned, so that the effects of various interventions on learning may be evaluated. A focus on individual differences in learning within groups of expert performers is considered as a way to identify the characteristics of more efficient and effective learners. The identification and study of expert (or good) learners will enhance our understanding of skill acquisition and how this may be promoted using instructional interventions and practice opportunities. Although these ideas are predicated on our research on perceptual-cognitive expertise in sport, we argue that they have general merit beyond this domain. The challenge for scientists is to generate new knowledge that helps those involved in developing learners who can acquire and refine skills more efficiently and effectively across professional domains.
The Flash-Preview Moving Window Paradigm: Unpacking Visual Expertise One Glimpse at a Time
Author: Litchfield, Damien
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Eye Movements,Medicine,Expertise,Novices,Visual Perception,Visual Stimuli,Accuracy,Reaction Time

How we make sense of what we see and where best to look is shaped by our experience, our current task goals and how we first perceive our environment. An established way of demonstrating these factors work together is to study how eye movement patterns change as a function of expertise and to observe how experts can solve complex tasks after only very brief glances at a domain-specific image. The primary focus of this paper is to introduce an innovative gaze-contingent method called the &quot;Flash-Preview Moving Window&quot; (FPMW) paradigm (Castelhano &amp; Henderson, 2007), which was recently developed to understand our shared expertise in scene perception and how our first glimpse of a scene is used to guide our eye movement behaviour. In keeping with this special issue on visual expertise and medicine, this paper will highlight how the FPMW paradigm has the potential to resolve long-standing theoretical issues as to how, right from the very first glance, experts are able to process domain-specific images and guide their eye movements better than novices. Since FPMW is a gaze-contingent eye-tracking method, the paper will first outline the current methodological and theoretical frontier, and how the FPMW paradigm bridges established methods used to investigate visual expertise. The paper will discuss a recent example in which the FPMW was employed to investigate medical image perception expertise for the first time (Litchfield &amp; Donovan, 2016), and by discussing the insights and challenges this method offers, this should ultimately deepen our understanding of visual expertise.
Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis
Author: Krupinski, Elizabeth A.
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Expertise,Performance,Evaluation Methods,Research Methodology,Medicine,Bias,Theories,Perception,Radiology,Visual Perception,Visual Discrimination,Computer Software

Visual expertise covers a broad range of types of studies and methodologies. Many studies incorporate some measure(s) of observer performance or how well participants perform on a given task. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis is a method commonly used in signal detection tasks (i.e., those in which the observer must decide whether or not a target is present or absent; or must classify a given target as belonging to one category or another), especially those in the medical imaging literature. This frontline paper will review some of the core theoretical underpinnings of ROC analysis, provide an overview of how to conduct an ROC study, and discuss some of the key variants of ROC analysis and their applications.
Pupillometry as a Tool to Study Expertise in Medicine
Author: Szulewski, Adam
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Expertise,Medicine,Eye Movements,Diagnostic Tests,Cognitive Ability,Task Analysis,Novices,Evidence,Medical Research,Physicians,Surgery,Anesthesiology,Statistical Analysis,Accuracy,Light,Equipment,Costs,Evaluation Methods,Physiology,Human Body

Background: Pupillometry has been studied as a physiological marker for quantifying cognitive load since the early 1960s. It has been established that small changes in pupillary size can provide an index of the cognitive load of an individual as he/she performs a mental task. The utility of pupillometry as a measure of expertise is less well established, although recent research in the fields of education, medicine and psychology indicates that differences in pupillary size during domain-specific tasks allows differentiation between experts and novices in appropriately designed experiments. Purpose: The goal of this review is to explore the existing body of evidence for the use of pupillometry as a measure of expertise and to identify its strengths and constraints within the context of expertise research in the medical sciences. Results: Pupillometry is a robust metric that allows researchers to better understand cognitive load in medical practitioners with varying levels of expertise. In medical expertise research, it has been used to study surgeons, anesthetists and emergency physicians. Its strengths include its ability to provide quantitative and objective outputs, to be measured unobtrusively with new technology and to be precisely computed as cognitive load changes over the course of completion of a task. Constraints associated with this methodology include its potential inaccuracy with changes in ambient light and pupillary accommodation as well as the need for relatively expensive equipment. Conclusion: With recent technological advances, pupillometry has become a simple and robust method for quantifying physiological changes attributable to cognitive load and is increasingly being utilized in medical education. It can be used as a reliable marker of cognitive load and has been shown to differentiate levels of expertise in medical practitioners.
Improvement of Vocational Education Curriculum Implementation through Instructional Materials Production and Utilization in Upper Basic Education in Nigeria
Author: Owoh, Titus M.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Vocational Education,Curriculum Development,Teaching Methods,Instructional Materials,Secondary Education,Curriculum Evaluation

This article describes the development of curriculum as it relates to vocational education in Nigeria Upper Basic Education Curriculum. The definition of Curriculum development was highlighted to reflect contemporary concepts of curriculum integration. Curriculum development was stressed to include the rudiments necessary in its stages of development. Instructional materials production and utilization in broad terms of audio-visual aids were also treated. The work however drew up the role and relevant position of evaluation in curriculum development. The paper concluded with the need to have the development, production and utilization of instructional materials as a communication channel in the teaching-learning processes of vocational education.
The Use of Sculptures to Augment Naming of Buildings in Honor of Heroes and Heroines in Ho Polytechnic, Ho, Ghana
Author: Mokpokpo, Adja-Koadade
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Recognition (Achievement),Universities,Foreign Countries,Interviews,Sculpture,History,College Faculty,Photography,School Buildings

It is important to celebrate our heroes and heroines, who in diverse ways, bring development to nations, peoples and places. These important personalities should be identified and acknowledged by the beneficiaries of their labor, and be given the due recognition. It is in light of this that Ho Polytechnic, now Ho Technical University, decided to label the names of her heroes and heroines on the various structures in honor of their contributions towards the success of the Institution. The main aim of this study is to create the awareness that three dimensional or relief sculpture, could be the appropriate ways of keeping visual records of renowned personalities, or important historical figures of an Institution, instead of only graphical representations of their names on buildings. The main tools used in this research were interviews and the internet to identify and ascertain the facts about the Ho Polytechnic's heroes and heroines. The study stressed the use of busts and relief sculptures to portray images of the heroes and heroines of the Ho Polytechnic which is backed by their concise histories.
Parents' Perceptions of Teacher Support at a Cyber Charter High School
Author: Borup, Jered
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Charter Schools,High Schools,Parent Attitudes,Interviews,Teacher Student Relationship,Secondary Education,Interaction,Online Courses,Educational Technology,Technology Uses in Education,Teacher Role,Case Studies

Despite high growth rates, cyber charter schools experience higher attrition rates than their brick-and-mortar counterparts. Students' reasons for failing an online course are complex and students may require a high level of teacher support to be successful online. Research examining effective teacher engagement has relied heavily on teacher perceptions, and perceptions of parents may prove especially insightful. In this research we conducted 19 interviews among nine parents of students who were enrolled at a cyber charter school. Interview analysis was guided by, but not limited to, the elements of teacher engagement described in the adolescent community of engagement (ACE) framework. Parents tended to be highly satisfied with the course quality and the support that teachers provided to their students. However, parents also expressed a degree of dissatisfaction with their students' experience in the school and provided recommendations for improvement.
Learning Management System Calendar Reminders and Effects on Time Management and Academic Performance
Author: Mei, Jianyang
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Management Systems,Time Management,Academic Achievement,Research Universities,College Students,Foreign Students,Correlation,Student Surveys,Writing Instruction,Undergraduate Students,Statistical Analysis,Student Attitudes,Self Efficacy,Course Descriptions

This research project uses a large research university in the Midwest as a research site to explore the time management skills of international students and analyzes how using the Course Hack, an online Learning Management System (LMS) calendar tool, improves participants' time management skills and positively impacts their academic performance, according to survey results. The institution is identified in this paper as UMW.
An Analysis of the Curriculum Requirements for K-12 Online Teaching Endorsements in the U.S.
Author: McAllister, Laura
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Curriculum Design,Curriculum Development,Online Courses,Elementary Secondary Education,Teacher Education Programs,Teaching Skills,Knowledge Base for Teaching,Content Analysis,Higher Education,School Surveys,Mail Surveys,Course Descriptions,Course Content,State Standards,Graduation Requirements,Career Readiness,Teacher Competencies,Institutional Research

This study examined existing K-12 online teacher preparation programs in the United States to ascertain the degree to which teachers are prepared to function in online/blended classroom learning environments. This study used a content analysis approach. Research specifically targeted online teacher preparation programs implemented in institutions of higher education. The researcher collected data from state offices of education and institution deans through email surveys inquiring about the existence and capacity of K-12 online teaching endorsements, course descriptions, and other course documents.
Co-Calculus: Integrating the Academic and the Social
Author: Reinholz, Daniel L.
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Calculus,Mathematics Instruction,Introductory Courses,Lecture Method,Comparative Analysis,Active Learning,Commuting Students,Disproportionate Representation,STEM Education,Social Networks,Large Group Instruction,Workshops,Seminars,Student Surveys,Statistical Analysis,Gender Differences,Racial Differences

Being part of a cohesive learning community supports retention and success in early mathematics courses. Yet, large, unwelcoming lectures stand in opposition to this goal, isolating students and pushing them away from STEM. This paper offers a comparative analysis of three efforts to build community amongst students, all situated within a single large-lecture introductory calculus course at a diverse, research-extensive institution. These programs were: (1) active learning labs, targeted at all students, (2) a small-group seminar for commuter students, and (3) a workshop model targeted at &quot;underserved&quot; students in STEM. Of these three efforts, only the workshop model had a significant impact on student success. Social networks within the workshop section suggest that students were able to integrate their academic and social experiences to a greater extent than the other sections. These results suggest that active learning and co-calculus experiences alone may be insufficient to foster cohesive social and academic bonds, unless properly organized.
Effects of Educational Technology on Mathematics Achievement for K-12 Students in Utah
Author: Brasiel, Sarah
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Technology,Mathematics Achievement,Elementary Secondary Education,Influence of Technology,Online Courses,Instructional Effectiveness,Intervention,Classroom Techniques,Program Implementation,Performance Factors,Benchmarking,Fidelity,Teacher Surveys,Feedback (Response),Teaching Methods,Technology Integration,Quasiexperimental Design,Regression (Statistics),Statistical Analysis

Teaching mathematics has long required the use of technology due many powerful affordances. More recently, education technology has been developed to support personalized learning through the use of adaptive learning systems. Through the use of educational technology in online learning, there is great potential for improving students' mathematics achievement. In this article, we report the results of an evaluation study, where 11 online mathematics educational technology products were distributed to close to 200,000 K-12 students and their teachers in the state of Utah to supplement classroom instruction. While only ten percent of students used the products at the recommended level over the course of the 2014-15 school year, there were six products where an educationally meaningful impact on mathematics achievement was found. While teachers responded positively, a third of teachers reported lack of access to technology as a barrier. We are already seeing improved usage during the second year of the project due to modifications to the expectations for schools based on what was learned from the first year of implementation.
Shedding the Professional Gaze: Lessons from Faculty Development in Jamaica
Author: Mohamed, A. Rafik
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Faculty Development,Study Abroad,School Community Programs,Community Involvement,International Educational Exchange,Educational Opportunities,Cultural Literacy,Field Experience Programs,College Programs

In January 2016, I co-organized a Jamaica cultural immersion and faculty development trip in which ten professors from two Southern California universities participated. Our objective during the week-long program was to explore opportunities for faculty to incorporate community immersion and engagement into existing international programs, and to help conceptualize new international study abroad programs featuring a community engagement component. A growing body of literature has demonstrated the importance of cultural immersion and community engagement experiences in advancing critical thinking and global competencies in students, but fewer papers have shifted the lens to faculty as they are first introduced to conditions similar to those of students studying abroad. This descriptive paper focuses on the Jamaica trip as a backdrop to discuss some of the challenges and opportunities for faculty leading community engaged study abroad programs.
Teaching GUI-Programming Concepts to Prospective K12 ICT Teachers: MIT App Inventor as an Alternative to Text-Based Languages
Author: Mihci, Can
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Programming,Preservice Teacher Education,Preservice Teachers,Programming Languages,Concept Teaching,Scientific Concepts,Mixed Methods Research,Preferences,Teaching Methods,Instructional Effectiveness,Computer Science Education,Quasiexperimental Design,Experimental Groups,Control Groups,Skill Analysis,Microteaching,Intervention,Hypothesis Testing,Foreign Countries

The purpose of this research is to investigate the short and long-term effects of using GUI-oriented visual Blocks-Based Programming languages (BBL) as a 2nd tier tool when teaching programming to prospective K12 ICT teachers. In a mixed-method approach, the effect on academic success as well as the impact on professional opinions and preferences have been gathered for drawing deeper conclusions. Conclusively, it was understood that visual BBL increased success for students who were previously having a hard time dealing with text-based programming. However, students that were already accustomed to text-based programming have shown failure adapting to the BBL. This has been interpreted as a failure of previous programming courses in terms of enabling learning transfer. Additionally, it has been understood that employing the BBL has not been entirely effective in causing prospective ICT teachers to think that programming is a subject suitable for a considerably younger target audience.
The Effect of Cooperative Writing Activities on Writing Anxieties of Prospective Primary School Teachers
Author: Erdogan, Ozge
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Writing (Composition),Anxiety,Measures (Individuals),Elementary School Teachers,Collaborative Writing,Mixed Methods Research,Semi Structured Interviews,Preservice Teachers,Pretests Posttests,Student Attitudes,Writing Instruction,Teacher Education,Foreign Countries

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of cooperative writing activities on the writing anxieties of prospective primary school teachers. The study group of the research is composed of 30 prospective primary school teachers. A mixed method consisting of qualitative and quantitative research methods was used in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data obtained in the research. A total of 12 weeks of cooperative writing activities were conducted within the scope of the research. Writing Anxiety Scale was used to determine the writing anxieties at the beginning and the end of the implementation for prospective primary school teachers. Semi-structured interviews were also held with the candidates to determine the views of the prospective primary school teachers regarding the implementation process. It was revealed at the end of the research that the cooperative writing activities reduced the writing anxieties of the prospective primary school teachers.