ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Functional Measurement in the Field of Empirical Bioethics
Author: Mullet, Etienne
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Biology,Ethics,Decision Making,Personal Autonomy,Justice,Medical Services,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),Patients,Pregnancy,Adolescents,Death,Neonates,Terminal Illness,Sexuality,Mental Retardation,Foreign Countries

We present, in a synthetic way, some of the main findings from five studies that were conducted in the field of empirical bioethics, using the Functional Measurement framework. These studies were about (a) the rationing of rare treatments, (b) adolescents' abortions, (c) end-of-life decision-making regarding damaged neonates, (d) end-of-life decision making regarding terminally-ill patients, and (e) sexuality among persons with learning disabilities. The paper also discusses what these findings tell us about the relative importance of the four principles of bioethics that are generally considered as fundamental. Two of the four principles--autonomy and justice--seem to dominate lay people's shared beliefs about bioethics issues. The principle of autonomy is clearly central, and the principle of justice is subordinated to the autonomy principle: Each patient, irrespective of his/her characteristics, has the right to have his/her autonomy of decision respected. The two other principles--benevolence and nonmalfeasance--appear as peripheral ones. Once the autonomy principle is respected and the justice principle applies, acting in a benevolent way and not acting in a malevolent way become simple implications. When the patient has lost his/her autonomy, however, these two principles (re)gain importance. (Contains 5 figures.)
Is There a Need for More than Three Models?
Author: Noventa, Stefano
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Models,Responses,Cognitive Processes,Measurement Techniques,Algebra

An important open issue in Functional Measurement is whether the three most important models of cognitive algebra are sufficient to describe the great majority of possible response behaviors. Generally speaking, the individual response "R" is a function of the subjective scale values "s[subscript k]" and can be imagined as a continuous manifold. First and second order terms of a Taylor series are often used to locally approximate the shape of such a generic function. In this work we suggest that almost any response surface can be approximated by an additive, multiplicative or averaging model, considering that the Taylor expansion is cut at the second order at most. In particular, additive and multiplicative models appear to hold as global approximations, while the averaging model appears to be a connection of local approximations. (Contains 4 figures.)
The Use of Factorial Forecasting to Predict Public Response
Author: Weiss, David J.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Prediction,Behavior Change,Value Judgment,Measurement Techniques,Research Design

Policies that call for members of the public to change their behavior fail if people don't change; predictions of whether the requisite changes will take place are needed prior to implementation. I propose to solve the prediction problem with Factorial Forecasting, a version of functional measurement methodology that employs group designs. Aspects of the proposed new policy are factorially manipulated within scenarios, and respondents typical of those whose behavior would need to change are asked to project how they would react. Because it is impractical to validate the projections by seeing if they correspond to what eventually happens, I advocate evaluating validity by invoking a coherence criterion. (Contains 3 figures and 1 table.)
A Functional Model for the Integration of Gains and Losses under Risk: Implications for the Measurement of Subjective Value
Author: Viegas, Ricardo G.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Measurement Techniques,Models,Risk,Decision Making,Probability,Undergraduate Students,Algebra

In order to be treated quantitatively, subjective gains and losses (utilities/disutilities) must be psychologically measured. If legitimate comparisons are sought between them, measurement must be at least interval level, with a common unit. If comparisons of absolute magnitudes across gains and losses are further sought, as in standard definitions of loss aversion, a common known zero must be added to the common unit requirement. These measurement issues are typically glossed over in complex models of decision under risk. This paper illustrates how Functional Measurement (FM) affords ways of addressing them, given some conditions. It establishes a relative ratio model for the integration of gains and losses in a mixed gamble situation with independent outcome probabilities. It subsequently documents how this model yields functional estimates of gains and losses on a common unit scale with a known zero. The psychological significance of the found integration model is discussed, and some of its implications for measurement further explored across two studies. (Contains 6 figures and 1 table.)
On Loss Aversion in Capuchin Monkeys
Author: Silberberg, Alan
Date: 2008-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Animals,Animal Behavior,Behavioral Science Research,Experimental Psychology,Responses,Bias,Delay of Gratification,Reinforcement,Contingency Management,Conditioning,Food

Chen, Lakshminarayanan, and Santos (2006) claim to show in three choice experiments that monkeys react rationally to price and wealth shocks, but, when faced with gambles, display hallmark, human-like biases that include loss aversion. We present three experiments with monkeys and humans consistent with a reinterpretation of their data that attributes their results not to loss aversion, but to differences between choice alternatives in delay of reinforcement. (Contains 3 tables, 1 figure, and 1 footnote.)
Academic Zombies: A Failure of Resistance or a Means of Survival?
Author: Ryan, Suzanne
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Higher Education,Figurative Language,Foreign Countries,Educational Policy,Resistance (Psychology),Change Strategies,Educational Change,Governance,Faculty Workload,Accountability,Educational Development,Performance Factors,Organizational Climate,Organizational Culture,Organizational Theories

Successive waves of neoliberal reforms to higher education have taken their toll on the academy. This paper uses the zombie metaphor to discuss the causes and consequences of organisational change on Australian academics as a background to exploring zombiefication as a form of passive resistance and survival. The paper uses the literature and empirical research to chronicle the disintegration of the academic workforce and with it, the idea of a university as a social institution. The paper concludes with the author's reflection of her own desire to be emancipated from zombiedom.
Australian Transnational Education Programmes in South East Asia: Student Satisfaction with the Learning Environment
Author: Miliszewska, Iwona
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Attitudes,Foreign Countries,Educational Environment,Participant Satisfaction,Student Experience,Program Effectiveness,Computer Science Education,Student Characteristics,Teaching Methods,Instructional Effectiveness,Influence of Technology,Program Administration,Comparative Analysis,College Programs,Cross Cultural Studies,Aptitude Treatment Interaction

In view of the strong growth of transnational education programmes in Australian universities, there is growing interest in the experiences of students participating in such programmes. This article reports on the perceived student satisfaction with several aspects of their transnational programmes, including instructors, technology, and programme management and administration. Data for the study were collected from approximately five hundred transnational students participating in eight programmes offered by four Australian universities in Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Vietnam. The article outlines the findings of the study, highlighting the need for incorporating student perspectives in the provision of transnational education programmes. The article concludes by discussing the potential application of its findings in reviewing existing and planning new transnational education programmes. (Contains 8 tables and 1 figure.)
All Beer and Skittles? A Qualitative Pilot Study of the Role of Alcohol in University College Life
Author: Hughes, Clarissa
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Alcohol Abuse,Foreign Countries,College Environment,Focus Groups,Qualitative Research,Pilot Projects,Role Perception,Residential Schools,School Culture,Social Attitudes,Student Attitudes,Socialization,Drinking,Student Characteristics,Student Behavior,Behavioral Science Research,College Students,Social Life

This paper reports the results of a small qualitative pilot study on the role of alcohol in college life, undertaken at three residential colleges at an Australian university. Focus groups (involving 43 students aged between 17 and 23 years) investigated participants' views of the social functions of alcohol in the residential college environment. Participants regarded drinking as an entrenched and highly valued aspect of college culture at all three colleges. They portrayed alcohol as contributing in positive ways to &quot;sociability and relaxation&quot; as well as &quot;bonding and social inclusion&quot; at college. Although drinking was acknowledged as disruptive of students' sleep, study, and daily routines, such impacts were often played down or normalised. The article concludes that normative studies, with a particular focus on first-year students, may be fruitful avenues for reducing alcohol-related harm among college-based university students. Qualitative studies like the one reported here can provide detailed, context-specific information about &quot;local drinking cultures&quot;, which are essential for informed decision-making about intervention approaches and policy change.
Covering the Gap: Social Inclusion, International Students and the Role of Local Government
Author: Paltridge, Toby
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Social Isolation,Government Role,Foreign Countries,Local Government,Human Services,Social Integration,Foreign Students,School Role,Educational Experience,Safety

Over the last twenty years or so the number of international students in Australia has grown rapidly. At the same time, official responsibility for providing support to international students has been devolved from governments to educational institutions. In this paper we argue that while education institutions have a significant role in supporting international students, there is a large gap in social support provided to them when off-campus. This is a gap which we believe could be filled by local government, to provide international students with greater integration and security when they are off campus. The ideas outlined in this paper are based on a critical examination of international students' experience in Australia and are intended to contribute to and advance recent debates about the safety, security and value of international students to Australian society. We argue that international students' status as temporary visitors creates the conditions for social exclusion, that is, an inability to engage fully in the economic, cultural, social and political aspects of Australian life. In light of this, we suggest that local government, especially as it relates to the provision of human services, has a role in helping international students access social support services. We argue that local government can be instrumental in ensuring the social inclusion of international students in our communities. This, we suggest, would improve international students' overall study experience and contribute to their greater integration and participation in the Australian community.
Recession-Oscopy: Can Universities Be the Light at the End?
Author: Mackey, Steve
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Universities,College Faculty,Merit Pay,Economic Impact,Institutional Characteristics,Educational Finance,College Administration,Educational Development,Intellectual History,Educational Responsibility,College Role

This paper paints the philosophical and ethical backdrop to some of the issues raised in "Australian Universities' Review" vol. 53, no. 2. It links academic performance pay; the measurement of research output; and the astonishing pay levels of vice chancellors to the present global financial crisis. These are explained as part of a general malaise of institutions, which has its roots in the early Enlightenment. Drawing from semioticians Charles Sanders Peirce and John Deely it uses the terms "ideoscopy" and "cenoscopy" to characterise the hijacking of unwarranted scientific status for much of the way our world is managed. But crisis can lead to opportunity. Consequently, the paper points to the glaring opportunity for thinkers who can articulate the present situation in a way which could avert disaster.
The Managerialist University: An Economic Interpretation
Author: Aspromourgos, Tony
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Economic Research,School Restructuring,Governance,Commercialization,Models,Economic Factors,College Administration,Competition,Institutional Characteristics,Universities

The rise of the managerialist university, in terms of a shift towards supposed corporate forms of governance in universities, associated also with greater competition between universities, has been the subject of considerable controversy. Dissent with respect to these developments has commonly appealed to the notion of the university as a special kind of corporate entity that at least partly transcends merely economic considerations. This paper demonstrates that a purely economic analysis of the university provides a sufficient basis for repudiating the managerialist model.
Placing a Value on Academic Work: The Development and Implementation of a Time-Based Academic Workload Model
Author: Kenny, John
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Faculty,Foreign Countries,Program Implementation,Models,Faculty Workload,Scheduling,Case Studies,Working Hours,Politics of Education,Performance Technology,Collective Bargaining,Performance Factors,Personnel Management,Institutional Characteristics

This paper presents a detailed case study of the development and implementation of a quantifiable academic workload model in the education faculty of an Australian university. Flowing from the enterprise bargaining process, the Academic Staff Agreement required the implementation of a workload allocation model for academics that was quantifiable in terms of hours with a stipulated annual maximum. Upon its eventual implementation, evidence emerged of academic workloads well beyond the supposed upper limit to hours. The case study demonstrates the highly political nature of defining academic work. With the emphasis in a modern university on competition driven by reduced funding and limited resources, academics are increasingly held accountable through performance management for teaching and research outcomes. The case study revealed the inherent tensions that arose between academics and managers as the related issues were negotiated. (Contains 1 table.)
Transfer of Teaching Materials between Universities: Where Is the Boundary between Legitimate Transaction and Violation of Moral Intellectual Property Rights?
Author: Maiwald, Matthias
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Copyrights,Plagiarism,Instructional Materials,Technology Transfer,Knowledge Management,Intellectual Property,Moral Issues,Moral Values,Information Policy,Curriculum

Intellectual property rights have various facets. The best-known one is copyright, enabling the owner to legally utilise intellectual materials. However, there is a separate set of legal entitlements, termed moral intellectual property rights. The purpose of these is to prevent false attribution, damage to an author's reputation and some forms of plagiarism. In the current example, a teaching curriculum was licensed by one Australian university to several others. While this is consistent with copyright ownership, the moral rights aspect was overlooked. Teaching materials had the names of the original authors removed and were used at the receiving institution either without attribution, or with sole attribution to the other set of staff. This constitutes a breach of authors' moral rights and would also fulfil common definitions of plagiarism.
Dropout Prevention: Recommendations for School Counselors
Author: Blount, Taheera
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Information Analyses
Subjects: Dropouts,Risk,Intervention,School Counselors,High Schools,Counselor Role,Dropout Prevention,Educational Experience,Social Indicators,Grade 9,Predictor Variables,Academic Achievement

School counselors are charged to identify potential dropouts and they work closely with students to help them stay in school or find alternative means of completing their education. Ninth grade students transitioning to high school experience insurmountable challenges as they shift from middle school to high school. Students who lack the academic preparedness for high school often repeat the ninth grade or drop out of high school. This literature review explored the reasons why students drop out of school, identified predictive risk factors, and highlighted social indicators associated with students who drop out of high school. The school counselor role is to provide intervention strategies and programs to strengthen students desire to remain in school. This article provides school counselors with recommended strategies to decrease students from dropping out of school.
Project SisterCircle: Risk, Intersectionality, and Intervening in Urban Schools
Author: Williams, Wendi
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Females,Intervention,Urban Schools,African Americans,Hispanic Americans,Sexuality,Sexual Abuse,Gender Issues,Cultural Background,Program Descriptions,Spiritual Development,Adolescents,Ethnicity

Adolescent Black/African descent and Latina girls in urban environments are at heightened risk for the negative consequences of sexual risk. Intervention programming that accounts for the intersection of adolescent girls' racial/ethnic cultural experiences and gender are likely to be most effective in minimizing their vulnerability for sexual risk. Project SisterCircle (PSC) is a psychosocial and spiritual intervention developed to address sexual risk vulnerability (SRV) among Black/African descent and Latina adolescent girls. The components of the PSC intervention are presented. Practical implications for implementing the intervention in schools are discussed. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)
Adolescent Brain Development: Current Research and the Impact on Secondary School Counseling Programs
Author: Roaten, Gail K.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adolescent Development,Brain,Counseling Services,School Counselors,School Counseling,Social Development,Cognitive Development,Student Needs,Middle School Students,High School Students

Brain growth and change is a key factor in adolescent development, influencing cognitions, emotions, and behavior. As technology has improved, so has the research on the adolescent brain. School counselors working with adolescents need to be familiar with recent literature to be more effective in their work with middle and high school students. Understanding changes in teens' brains and the impact it has on cognitive and personal/social development may assist school counselors in building a developmentally appropriate secondary school counseling program that better meets the needs of adolescent student populations.
Elementary School Teachers' Beliefs and Emotions: Implications for School Counselors and Counselor Educators
Author: Warren, Jeffrey M.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Attitudes,School Counselors,Counselor Educators,Elementary School Teachers,School Counseling,Emotional Response,Surveys,Self Efficacy

An understanding of teacher beliefs and emotions is invaluable for school counselors developing comprehensive counseling programs. This study explored the relationships among elementary school teachers' beliefs and emotions. Teachers (n = 42) completed surveys related to efficacy beliefs, irrational beliefs, and emotions. Significant relationships were found among the variables under investigation. Implications for how these findings translate to practice for school counselors and counselor educators are addressed. Suggestions for future research are explored. (Contains 2 tables.)
Sexting: New Challenges for Schools and Professional School Counselors
Author: McEachern, Adriana G.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Bullying,Internet,Counselor Role,School Counselors,Sexuality,Photography,Computer Mediated Communication,Intervention,Telecommunications,Prevention,School Districts,Safety,School Policy

Sexting, the practice of sending sexually explicit messages or photographs of oneself or others on digital electronic devices, presents challenges for schools and professional school counselors. The implications of sexting for schools, school counselors, students, and parents are discussed. School counselor interventions, developing school district Internet use policies, and educating students, teachers, and parents on the dangers of sexting are recommended as ways to prevent and respond to school sexting incidents.
Supervision of School Counselors: The SAAFT Model
Author: Cook, Katrina
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: School Counselors,Supervision,Counselor Training,Interviews,Teamwork,Feedback (Response)

This article provides a description of a qualitative study of supervisees' experiences of supervision in the Professional Academic Response Model (PARM) program, a supervision intervention/program designed for school counselors. Themes from individual interviews included: (a) the supervisee's relationship with the supervisor, (b) the supervisee's relationship with the student, (c) the supervisee's professional role as a school counselor and (d) the supervisee's professional identity as a school counselor. These findings underscore the need for additional research in the field that specifically addresses school counselor supervision. (Contains 1 figure.)
Increasing Career Self-Efficacy through Group Work with Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students
Author: Mitcham, Michelle
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Achievement Gap,Self Efficacy,Career Counseling,Urban Schools,School Counselors,Group Counseling,Counseling Services,Career Development,Academic Achievement,Cultural Differences,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Advocacy,Portfolios (Background Materials)

Group counseling is a practical way for school counselors to deliver career services. School counselors face competing demands on their time coupled with the problematic student to counselor ratios that often exist in schools, group counseling thereby offers a pragmatic solution. This article provides implications for implementing group counseling career interventions in urban schools in order to illustrate ways that school counselors may close the achievement gap and advocate for all students in pursuance of career goals. Thus, group counseling initiatives will help to meaningfully provide students with real world skills both for school and in the world of work.