ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Winning the PhD Game: Evocative Playing of Snakes and Ladders
Author: Dickie, Carolyn
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Doctoral Programs,Graduate Students,Qualitative Research,Figurative Language,Games,Educational Experience,Student Attitudes,Barriers,Student College Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to describe a qualitative approach to developing an understanding of the lived experiences of PhD students. Rather than relying on textbook reports and theories about studying a higher degree by research, by allowing the students' voices to be heard, explicit and conscious research can be used to generate appropriate responses to the needs of students as they progress through the PhD process. Thematic analysis focuses on identified themes and patterns of research-learner behaviours. (Contains 6 tables.)
A Tool in the Kit: Uses of Bullshitting among Millennial Workers
Author: Martin, Daniel D.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Persuasive Discourse,Credibility,Ethnography,Content Analysis,Deception,Trust (Psychology),Social Environment,Organizational Culture,Age Groups,Interpersonal Communication

This study explores the nature, use, and social organization of one form of communicative action that is common in everyday life--"bullshitting." We use this form of communication to assess the ways in which dimensions of community, power and status are created in interaction. Abiding by the canons of ethnographic content analysis, we gathered data from over one hundred student respondents to ascertain the behaviors, utterances, and stories that people define as "bullshitting." The study finds that members of the "millennial generation" hone skills both in the telling and detection of this form of communication as they participate in a variety of contexts, including school, work, and interpersonal relationships. Special attention is given to the ways in which bullshitting is used as a cultural resource for agentive action. Dramaturgical and organizational theories are drawn upon in theorizing the data. (Contains 1 table.)
School Counselor and School Psychologist Perceptions of Accountability Policy: Lessons from Virginia
Author: Ruff, Ryan Richard
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: School Psychologists,School Counselors,Accountability,School Choice,Educational Change,Counselor Attitudes,Social Development,Emotional Development,Interviews,Counselor Role

This paper is concerned with the professional efficacy of school counselors and school psychologists that operate under the umbrella of accountability reforms. Research questions addressed counselor and psychologist job roles and responsibilities, as well as their personal perspectives on the impact of accountability reforms on both the classroom context and student socio-emotional development. Interviews were conducted with counselors and psychologists of varying professional experience and school level, with analysis following analytic induction. Results indicate that the efficacy of student support personnel has been negatively impacted by accountability reforms, but schools that maintain a positive culture dedicated to excellence minimize that effect. Additionally, results highlight the unanticipated consequences of accountability on the teacher, student, and counselor/psychologist relationship and emphasize the need to cultivate a nurturing socio-emotional environment for students. (Contains 1 table and 1 footnote.)
A Parametric Analysis of Errors of Commission during Discrete-Trial Training
Author: DiGennaro Reed, Florence D.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Autism,Children,Error Patterns,Fidelity,Interrater Reliability,Psychometrics,Measurement,Comparative Analysis,Observation,Elementary School Students,Outcomes of Treatment

We investigated the effects of systematic changes in levels of treatment integrity by altering errors of commission during error-correction procedures as part of discrete-trial training. We taught 3 students with autism receptive nonsense shapes under 3 treatment integrity conditions (0%, 50%, or 100% errors of commission). Participants exhibited higher levels of performance during perfect implementation (0% errors). For 2 of the 3 participants, performance was low and showed no differentiation in the remaining conditions. Findings suggest that 50% commission errors may be as detrimental as 100% commission errors on teaching outcomes. (Contains 1 figure and 1 footnote.)
Participatory and Action-Oriented Dissertations:The Challenges and Importance of Community-Engaged Graduate Research
Author: van der Meulen, Emily
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Graduate Students,Participatory Research,Research Projects,Action Research,Research Methodology,Doctoral Dissertations,Social Change,Social Isolation,School Community Relationship

Graduate students commonly experience isolation and estrangement when conducting their final research projects, which can contribute to difficulties in completion. A creative and socially beneficial way to offset academic isolation is for graduate students to engage in participatory and action-oriented research projects with local communities. Facilitating a research study with a local partner can be a richly rewarding experience. This article argues that students who enjoy working in collaborative environments and want their final research projects to lead to beneficial social change can find fulfillment in action research (AR) methodologies. Critiqued by some for its lack of tangible and practical methods and its over-reliance on ideology, others, including the author, argue that the benefits of participatory research far outweigh the challenges.
Using a Flipped Spoon to Decrease Packing in Children with Feeding Disorders
Author: Volkert, Valerie M.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Counseling Techniques,Behavior Modification,Eating Disorders,Children,Program Effectiveness,Intervention,Autism,Physical Disabilities,Prompting

We evaluated the effects of redistribution and swallow facilitation with a flipped spoon on packing in 2 children with a feeding disorder. For both participants, packing decreased when we implemented the flipped spoon treatment package. Mechanisms responsible for behavior change and areas of future research are discussed. (Contains 1 figure.)
Promise and Possibility for Aspiring Principals: An Emerging Leadership Identity through Learning to Do Action Research
Author: Batagiannis, Stella C.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Action Research,Case Studies,College Faculty,Educational Resources,Leadership Training,Instructional Leadership,Transformational Leadership,Research Design,Constructivism (Learning),Graduate Students,Reflection,Critical Theory,Self Evaluation (Individuals),Content Analysis,Learner Engagement,Transformative Learning,Theory Practice Relationship

This case study explored the promise and possibility of doing action research both for aspiring principals engaged in such research and for professors using it as pedagogy for teaching educational leadership. The study of a class of graduate students aspiring to be principals had a constructivist theoretical framework. The research design consisted of three tiers: tier one: a reflective self-study by the professor evaluating the pedagogy of developing action research team projects; tier two: an analysis of the self-evaluations of the aspiring principals on the pedagogy of developing action research team projects and its effect on their learning; and tier three: the perceived deep learning resulting from the action research topics. The study concluded that for aspiring principals, learning to do action research in teams has the potential for powerful impact on emerging leadership identity; on the focus on deep issues and first steps in transformational leadership; and on individual and mutual reflection and the development of professional learning communities. For university professors, action research melds theory and practice and is effective pedagogy for teaching leadership. (Contains 4 footnotes.)
Behavioral Intervention to Treat Selective Mutism across Multiple Social Situations and Community Settings
Author: Lang, Russell
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Video Technology,Interpersonal Communication,Intervention,Role Playing,Communication Problems,Females,Preadolescents,Context Effect,Experiments

We evaluated a behavioral intervention for a 9-year-old girl with selective mutism. The intervention consisted of role play and video self-modeling. The frequency of spoken initiations, responses to questions, and communication breakdowns was measured during three social situations (i.e., ordering in a restaurant, meeting new adults, and playing with new children) and in three community settings. Results demonstrated increases in spoken initiations and responses and decreases in communication breakdowns across all situations and settings. (Contains 1 figure.)
Stigmatization of Overweight Patients by Nurses
Author: Creel, Eileen
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Obesity,Body Composition,Nurses,Nursing,Patients,Health Services,Phenomenology,Bias,Psychological Patterns,Anxiety,Negative Attitudes

The focus of this research study was the exploration of the phenomenon of stigmatization of obese persons by nurses. The philosophical tradition of Phenomenology based on Heidegger's view of the person guided the researchers in uncovering the meaning of stigmatization for eight chronically ill individuals with a body mass index greater than 30. Stigmatization by nurses for this group of medically obese women meant being exposed to unintentional harm, presuppositions, and reluctant care. Perceptions of stigma were manifested in shame, marginalization, and anxiety in seeking health care. Nursing care could advance positive outcomes when including non-discriminatory care related to weight in the total care needs identified for obese patients.
Behavioral Assessment of Physical Activity in Obese Preschool Children
Author: Hustyi, Kristin M.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intervention,Physical Activities,Physical Activity Level,Preschool Children,Obesity,Behavior Change,Observation,Measurement,Validity

We measured changes in physical activity in 2 obese preschool children when a package intervention was evaluated in a reversal design. Physical activity was measured via direct observation and pedometers. Although the intervention produced only modest increases in activity, the results provide preliminary concurrent validation for the dependent measures used, in that the two measures covaried and a similar degree of change was observed with each across baseline and intervention phases. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
Conversations on Method: Deconstructing Policy through the Researcher Reflective Journal
Author: Slotnick, Ruth C.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Doctoral Programs,Researchers,Educational Policy,Policy Analysis,Reflection,Journal Writing,Metacognition,Role,Qualitative Research,Research Methodology,Academic Discourse,Writing for Publication,Figurative Language,Poetry,Creativity,Interpersonal Communication,Self Concept

In this article the authors argue that the researcher reflective journal is a critical interpretive tool for conducting educational policy analysis. The idea for this research grew from the experiences of a doctoral candidate (Ruth) in pursuit of a policy focused dissertation and a series of on-going conversations with her qualitative methodologist (Valerie). The structure of the paper takes a dialogue form on the topic of policy analysis and the various uses of the journal, including found data poetry and photographic representations of the self as a research instrument, which may expand the findings and increase options for data presentation. Sections of the paper include a discussion on journal writing as a creative process, the reflective role of the researcher when examining policies, and the challenges of constructing a well-designed methodological framework. (Contains 1 figure.)
Improving Oral Reading Fluency with a Peer-Mediated Intervention
Author: Hofstadter-Duke, Kristi L.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intervention,Reading Fluency,Reading Improvement,Grade 1,Experiments,Tutoring,Peer Teaching,Data Analysis,Behavior

This study examined the effects of an experimentally derived, peer-delivered reading intervention on the oral reading fluency of a first-grade student who had been referred for poor reading fluency. Same-grade peers were trained to lead the target student through a structured intervention protocol based on the results of a brief experimental analysis. Results indicated that reading improvements were obtained and are discussed in terms of selecting efficient interventions for use by peers. (Contains 2 figures.)
Till Death Do Us Part: Lived Experiences of HIV-Positive Married African American Women
Author: Edwards, Lorece V.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),Females,Marriage,African Americans,Incidence,Economically Disadvantaged,Clinics,Patients,Social Support Groups,Interviews,Diaries,Journal Writing,Caregivers,Spouses,Well Being,Health

HIV/AIDS disease continues to be an escalating health problem, particularly among women. However, African American women are among the leading demographic groups for HIV prevalence in the United States. The typical woman with HIV/AIDS is young, in her late twenties, economically challenged, and of childbearing age. Participants were recruited from an HIV/AIDS outpatient clinic to explore their perceptions of social support, life experiences and marriage. Data were collected through tape-recorded interviews using a semi-structured guide and journaling. Participants reported that most of their time was spent providing care for their husbands who were HIV-positive. Very often their health and well-being were compromised by providing care to others. Participants reported a lack of social support and challenges managing their self-care.
The Unfocused Focus Group: Benefit or Bane?
Author: Franz, Nancy K.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Focus Groups,Attention,Difficulty Level,Problems,Barriers,Value Judgment,Participant Characteristics,Selection,Group Dynamics,Facilitators (Individuals),Job Skills,Interpersonal Competence,Communication Skills,Researchers,Physical Environment,Behavioral Science Research,Communication Research,Group Structure,Participant Satisfaction,Adjustment (to Environment),Power Structure

Facilitating successful focus groups requires both science and art. One element that can fully challenge focus group facilitators includes how to handle the unfocused focus group. This article describes "unfocus" and the benefits and disadvantages of unfocus in focus groups. Lessons learned from and approaches taken on this journey are shared to enhance focus group facilitation best practices.
Effects of Music on Vocal Stereotypy in Children with Autism
Author: Lanovaz, Marc J.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Music,Autism,Acoustics,Behavior Disorders,Auditory Stimuli,Behavior Modification,Speech Communication,Young Children

We examined the effects of manipulating the intensity (i.e., volume) of music on engagement in vocal stereotypy in 2 children with autism. Noncontingent access to music decreased immediate engagement in vocal stereotypy for each participant, but it produced only marginal effects on subsequent engagement in the behavior (i.e., after withdrawal). Manipulating the intensity of music did not produce differential effects on immediate engagement in vocal stereotypy. The implications of the results and applications for future research are discussed. (Contains 1 figure.)
A Definition of Gender Role Conflict among Black Professional Fathers
Author: Robinson, Ora
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Role Conflict,Sex Role,Fathers,Phenomenology,Self Concept,Whites,Parent Role,African Americans,Advantaged,Interviews,Employment Level

There is very little literature that depicts the parental role of Black professional fathers positively or that samples Black participants from the upper economic strata. The purpose of this study is to gain insight into how Black professional fathers experience or perceive gender role conflict and identify clinical implications. Grounded in phenomenological methodology and gender role conflict theory, the framework is based on gender role devaluations, gender role restrictions, and gender role violations (O'Neil, Good, & Holmes, 1995). The emerging experiences found in this project were (a) a conflict between the Black and White races and (b) conflict with parental role expectations. (Contains 3 tables.)
Reducing Stimulus Overselectivity through an Increased Observing-Response Requirement
Author: Doughty, Adam H.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Stimuli,Mild Mental Retardation,Mental Retardation,Adults,Autism,Task Analysis,Comparative Analysis,Observation,Evaluation Methods,Student Behavior

An adult with autism and a mild intellectual disability participated in a 0-s delayed matching-to-sample task. In each trial, two sample stimuli were presented together until the participant completed an observing-response requirement consisting of 1 or 10 mouse clicks in the baseline and experimental phases, respectively. One of the two sample stimuli then appeared randomly as a comparison stimulus (S+), along with two other comparison stimuli (S-). Higher levels of correct responding occurred under the larger observing-response requirement, and the proportion of errors related to one of the two sample stimuli decreased. Thus, stimulus overselectivity was reduced without requiring differential observing responses. (Contains 1 figure.)
Evolutionary Theory of Mate Selection and Partners of Trans People: A Qualitative Study Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Author: Forde, Amanda
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sexual Identity,Human Body,Conflict,Intimacy,Qualitative Research,Computer Mediated Communication,Recruitment,Participation,Phenomenology,Marriage,Selection,Behavior,Interpersonal Attraction,Social Theories,Sexual Orientation,Evolution,Foreign Countries

Despite much research into mate selection, non-heterosexual populations are often only included for comparison purposes, while trans people and their partners are overlooked. This study attempts to address this using qualitative methodology to explore the mate selection of the partners of trans people. Six participants were recruited from online communities and interviewed via instant messaging, the results were then analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The author organised the results into four themes. Theme one: Identities/relationships which defy categorisation, Theme Two: Attractive traits and mate selection, Theme Three: Impact of past romantic relationships, other relationships and life changes and Theme Four: The self as a source of strength. These results challenge the traditional conclusions of mate selection studies, emphasising the need for more qualitative research. (Contains 1 table.)
A Comparison of Prompting Tactics to Establish Intraverbals in Children with Autism
Author: Ingvarsson, Einar T.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Autism,Prompting,Young Children,Child Language,Pictorial Stimuli,Program Effectiveness,Intervention,Verbal Communication,Comparative Analysis,Males

We compared the efficacy of tact-to-intraverbal (i.e., using picture prompts) and echoic-to-intraverbal transfer-of-stimulus-control procedures to establish intraverbal responding in 3 boys (4 years old) with autism. For all 3 participants, the picture prompts resulted in fewer trials to criterion, but both prompting tactics were eventually effective. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)
Mind the Gap: Unexpected Pitfalls in Doing Classroom Research
Author: Baker, Amanda A.
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Classroom Research,Research Methodology,Researchers,Problems,Observation,Classroom Environment,Investigations,Recall (Psychology),Verbal Communication,Context Effect,English (Second Language),Second Language Instruction,Pronunciation Instruction,Interpersonal Relationship,Novices,Anxiety,Data Collection

Inherent in classroom research are the inevitable, and often unanticipated, challenges experienced by researchers. This article moves beyond the main issues highlighted in the literature and identifies some of the problems the authors encountered when conducting two common methodological procedures, classroom observations and stimulated recall interviews (SRIs), as part of our dissertation research investigations. The paper first surveys what the literature describes as the main areas of concern with these two procedures. It then pulls away from these resources to explore actual difficulties we experienced that we believe are inadequately addressed in the literature. Using illustrations from our dissertation projects, we examined several recurring challenges we faced, including participant discomfort with specific types of SRI questions and different forms of participant-researcher interaction during non-participatory classroom observations. For each of these problems, we provide a series of recommendations for researchers who plan to use similar methodological protocols in classroom research.
Further Evaluation of Response-Independent Delivery of Preferred Stimuli and Child Compliance
Author: Normand, Matthew P.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Stimuli,Autism,Behavior Modification,Probability,Behavior Problems,Case Studies,Young Children,Compliance (Psychology),Teaching Methods,Evaluation,Reinforcement

The effect of a fixed-time (FT) schedule involving the delivery of preferred stimuli prior to the issuance of a low-probability instruction was evaluated with 2 young children with autism. The FT schedule was introduced according to a reversal design with 3 target instructions, 1 for the first child and 2 for the second child. Compliance increased for 2 of the 3 cases. A high-probability instruction sequence and guided compliance were implemented for the second instruction targeted for 1 child, with compliance increasing with guided compliance. (Contains 1 figure.)
Evaluation of the Immediate and Subsequent Effects of Response Interruption and Redirection on Vocal Stereotypy
Author: Schumacher, Brittany I.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Behavior Modification,Self Destructive Behavior,Evaluation Methods,Intervention,Auditory Stimuli,Speech Communication,Feedback (Response),Autism,Children,Early Childhood Education

We evaluated 2 3-component multiple-schedule sequences--a response interruption and redirection (RIRD) treatment sequence and a no-interaction control sequence--using a multielement design. With this design, we were able to evaluate the immediate and subsequent effects of RIRD on 2 participants' vocal stereotypy. For both participants, RIRD produced an immediate decrease in vocal stereotypy and did not result in a subsequent increase. (Contains 1 figure.)
Behavior-Analytic Research on Dementia in Older Adults
Author: Trahan, Maranda A.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Information Analyses
Subjects: Emotional Disturbances,Dementia,Gerontology,Older Adults,Behavioral Science Research,Behavior Problems,Literature Reviews,Aging (Individuals),Alzheimers Disease

It is estimated that 1 in 10 adults aged 65 years and older have been diagnosed with dementia, which is associated with numerous behavioral excesses and deficits. Despite the publication of a special section of the "Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis" ("JABA") on behavioral gerontology (Iwata, 1986), there continues to be a paucity of behavior-analytic research with this population. This review compares the research published before and after the behavioral gerontology special section and evaluates the most recently published aging articles in "JABA."