ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Choosing and Maintaining Programs for Sex Education in Schools: The CHAMPSS Model
Author: Hernandez, Belinda F.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sex Education,Adolescents,Pregnancy,Prevention,Models,Evidence Based Practice,School Districts,Barriers,Knowledge Management,Early Parenthood,Sexually Transmitted Diseases,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),Principals,Parents,Stakeholders,Role,Teachers,Superintendents,Secondary Education,Needs Assessment,Program Development,Program Implementation,Maintenance

Background: Despite effective solutions to reduce teen birth rates, Texas teen birth rates are among the highest in the nation. School districts can impact youth sexual behavior through implementation of evidence-based programs (EBPs); however, teen pregnancy prevention is a complex and controversial issue for school districts. Subsequently, very few districts in Texas implement EBPs for pregnancy prevention. Additionally, school districts receive little guidance on the process for finding, adopting, and implementing EBPs. Purpose: The purpose of this report is to present the CHoosing And Maintaining Programs for Sex education in Schools (CHAMPSS) Model, a practical and realistic framework to help districts find, adopt, and implement EBPs. Methods: Model development occurred in four phases using the core processes of Intervention Mapping--(1) knowledge acquisition, (2) knowledge engineering, (3) model representation, and (4) knowledge development. Results: The CHAMPSS Model provides seven steps, tailored for school-based settings, which encompass phases of assessment, preparation, implementation, and maintenance--Prioritize, Asses, Select, Approve, Prepare, Implement, and Maintain. Advocacy and eliciting support for adolescent sexual health are also core elements of the model. Conclusion: This systematic framework may help schools increase adoption, implementation, and maintenance for EBPs.
Dietary Intakes of Children from Food Insecure Households
Author: Dave, Jayna
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Case Studies,Food,Eating Habits,Poverty,Security (Psychology),Nutrition,Family Environment,Parent Attitudes,Family Income,Family Size,Educational Attainment,Ethnicity,Gender Differences,Parent Background,Children,Body Composition

The objective of this cross-sectional study is to compare the dietary behaviors of children from low food secure (LFS) households with children from very low food secure (VLFS) households over an entire day, and during meals specifically consumed at home --breakfast, snack, and dinner. Parents of the recruited children completed a demographic questionnaire, along with USDA's 6-item short form food security questionnaire. Children completed 24-hour dietary recalls in person. Complete data from 102 children 9 to 12 years old were used. Using ANOVA to assess the differences among groups in intakes over an entire day and during meals consumed at home, no significant differences were found, except for vitamin C intake during breakfast. Based on the definitions of LFS and VLFS, it was hypothesized that children from VLFS group would have lower dietary intakes compared to children from the LFS group. However, this study found little difference. Speculations have been made for these findings and implications for research have been presented.
Addressing Obesity: Fear of Crime, Perceptions of Disorder and Disaparities in Child and Adolescent Use of Public Parks
Author: Gibson, Camille
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adolescents,Children,Physical Activity Level,Racial Differences,Ethnicity,Parks,African Americans,Whites,Hispanic Americans,Playgrounds,Equipment,Playground Activities,Crime,Fear,Obesity,Violence,Parents,Adults,Correlation

The objectives of this study were: (1) To determine factors which inhibit and facilitate child and adolescent use of outdoor spaces for healthy physical activity by race and ethnicity in four Houston communities; and (2) To propose guidelines for encouraging and maintaining child and adolescent outdoor physical activity. Using local health data and Houston Police Department crime statistics, four communities were identified for the study that had the highest concentration of crime and the racial/ethnic groups of interest. The researchers then identified public parks in the communities. At least two parks were observed in each of the four communities from 2010 to 2011 during spring, summer, fall and winter. The parks were observed for use by children and adolescents and to describe the condition of the park spaces. The communities were Alief (Asian), Sunnyside (Black), Eldridge- West Oaks (White) and Northside- Northline (Hispanic). Observations were made at varying hours of both day and night, weekdays and weekends. Photographs were taken and the condition of the spaces noted in detail. One hundred and twenty persons, 18 years and over, using the spaces or otherwise in these communities were conveniently sampled and interviewed about their health and the extent to which they, or any children or adolescents under their care, used the outdoor spaces of interest. Data were analyzed qualitatively and with basic descriptive statistics. The photographs, journal notes and observation notes of all investigators and key personnel were analyzed. Interview data were also coded to identify patterns and themes in the responses. The findings indicate disparities in the quality and quantity of park equipment and the maintenance of the areas. Where perceptions of disorder were described, there was often visible evidence to support the perceptions. In many cases, residents' perceptions of crime were corroborated by police data. While interview reports did not seem to support the expectation that the condition of the parks was a significant deterrent to their use by children and adolescents, the condition of the parks might be said to limit the extent of that use. Specific reports of disorder that inhibited use included hearing gunfire, seeing drug dependent homeless persons and/or suspected prostitutes in an area.
Saturday Morning Television Advertisements Aired on English and Spanish Language Networks along the Texas-Mexico Border
Author: Barroso, Cristina S.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Television Viewing,Advertising,At Risk Persons,English,Spanish,Food,Nutrition,Dietetics,Child Health,Obesity,Life Style,Health Behavior,Low Income Groups,Adults,Mass Media Effects

Objectives: The aim of this content analysis study is to characterize the TV advertisements aired to an at-risk child population along the Texas-Mexico border. Methods: We characterized the early Saturday morning TV advertisements aired by three broadcast network categories (U.S. English language, U.S. Spanish language, and Mexican Spanish language) in Spring 2010. The number, type (food related vs. non-food related), target audience, and persuasion tactics used were recorded. Advertised foods, based on nutrition content, were categorized as meeting or not meeting current dietary guidelines. Results: Most commercials were non-food related (82.7%, 397 of 480). The majority of the prepared foods (e.g., cereals, snacks, and drinks) advertised did not meet the current U.S. Dietary Guidelines. Additionally, nutrition content information was not available for many of the foods advertised on the Mexican Spanish language broadcast network category. Conclusions: For U.S. children at risk for obesity along the Texas-Mexico border exposure to TV food advertisements may result in the continuation of sedentary behavior as well as an increased consumption of foods of poor nutritional quality. An international regulatory effort to monitor and enforce the reduction of child-oriented food advertising is needed.
Toxic Stress and Child Hunger over the Life Course: Three Case Studies
Author: Chilton, Mariana
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Food,Hunger,Children,Child Health,Well Being,Stress Variables,Trauma,Violence,Child Abuse,Child Neglect,Child Development,Housing,Females,Mental Health,Child Rearing,Disadvantaged Youth,Crime,Rape,Substance Abuse,At Risk Persons,Early Parenthood,Adolescents,Coping

The causes and contexts of food insecurity among children in the U.S. are poorly understood because the prevalence of food insecurity at the &quot;child&quot; level is low compared to the prevalence of &quot;household&quot; food insecurity. In addition, caregivers may be reluctant to admit their children may not be getting enough food due to shame or fear they might lose custody of their children. Based on our ongoing qualitative research with mothers of young children, we suggest that food security among children is related to adverse childhood experiences of caregivers. This translates into poor mental and physical health in adolescence and adulthood, which can lead to inability to secure and maintain meaningful employment that pays a living wage. In this paper we propose that researchers shift the framework for understanding food insecurity in the United States to adopt a life course approach. This demands we pay greater attention to the lifelong consequences of exposure to trauma or toxic stress--exposure to violence, rape, abuse and neglect, and housing, food, and other forms of deprivation--during childhood. We then describe three case studies of women from our ongoing study to describe a variety of toxic stress exposures and how they have an impact on a woman's earning potential, her mental health, and attitudes toward raising children. Each woman describes her exposure to violence and deprivation as a child and adolescent, describes experiences with child hunger, and explains how her experiences have shaped her ability to nourish her children. We describe ways in which we can shift the nature of research investigations on food insecurity, and provide recommendations for policy-oriented solutions regarding income support programs, early intervention programs, child and adult mental health services, and violence prevention programs.
Household Hardships, Public Programs, and Their Associations with the Health and Development of Very Young Children: Insights from Children&apos;s HealthWatch
Author: Joyce, Katherine M.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Young Children,Child Health,Child Development,Disadvantaged,Low Income Groups,Food,Hunger,Security (Psychology),Welfare Services,Research Methodology,Research Projects,Surveys,Family Programs,Federal Programs,Diseases,Barriers,Housing,Energy

America's low-income families struggle to protect their children from multiple threats to their health and growth. Many research and advocacy groups explore the health and educational effects of food insecurity, but less is known about these effects on very young children. Children's HealthWatch, a group of pediatric clinicians and public health researchers, has continuously collected data on the effects of food insecurity alone and in conjunction with other household hardships since 1998. The group's peer reviewed research has shown that a number of economic risks at the household level, including food, housing and energy insecurity, tend to be correlated. These insecurities alone or in conjunction increase the risk that a young child will suffer various negative health consequences, including increases in lifetime hospitalizations, parental report of fair or poor health, or risk for developmental delays. Child food insecurity is an incremental risk indicator above and beyond the risk imposed by household-level food insecurity. The Children's Healthwatch research also suggests public benefits programs modify some of these effects for families experiencing hardships. This empirical evidence is presented in a variety of public venues outside the usual scientific settings, such as congressional hearings, to support the needs of America's most vulnerable population through policy change. Children's HealthWatch research supports legislative solutions to food insecurity, including sustained funding for public programs and re-evaluation of the use of the Thrifty Food Plan as the basis of SNAP benefits calculations. Children's HealthWatch is one of many models to support the American Academy of Pediatrics' call to &quot;stand up, speak up, and step up for children.&quot; No isolated group or single intervention will solve child poverty or multiple hardships. However, working collaboratively each group has a role to play in supporting the health and well-being of young children and their families.
Sexual Health Education from the Perspective of School Staff: Implications for Adoption and Implementation of Effective Programs in Middle School
Author: Peskin, Melissa F.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Middle School Students,Sex Education,Middle School Teachers,Teacher Attitudes,Knowledge Base for Teaching,Program Implementation,Barriers,Self Efficacy,Physical Education Teachers,Nurses,Counselors,Administrators,Readiness,Teacher Background,Evidence Based Practice

US teens are having sex early; however, the vast majority of schools do not implement evidence-based sexual health education (SHE) programs that could delay sexual behavior and/or reduce risky behavior. This study examines middle school staff's knowledge, attitudes, barriers, self-efficacy, and perceived support (psychosocial factors known to influence SHE program adoption and implementation). Methods: Professional school staff from 33 southeast Texas middle schools completed an internet or paper-based survey. Prevalence estimates for psychosocial variables were computed for the total sample. Chi-square and &quot;t&quot;-test analyses examined variation by demographic factors. Results: Almost 70% of participants were female, 37% white, 42% black, 16% Hispanic; 20% administrators, 15% nurses/counselors, 31% non-physical education/non-health teachers, 28% physical education/health teachers; mean age = 42.78 years (SD = 10.9). Over 90% favored middle school SHE, and over 75% reported awareness of available SHE curricula or policies. More than 60% expressed confidence for discussing SHE. Staff perceived varying levels of administrator (28%-56%) support for SHE and varying levels of support for comprehensive sex education from outside stakeholders (e.g., parents, community leaders) (42%-85%). Overall, results were more favorable for physical education/health teachers, nurses/counselors, and administrators (when compared to non-physical education/non-health teachers) and individuals with experience teaching SHE. Few significant differences were observed by other demographic factors. Conclusions: Overall, study results were extremely positive, which may reflect a high level of readiness among school staff for adopting and implementing effective middle school SHE programs. Study results highlight the importance of several key action items for schools.
Exploring the Association between Household Food Insecurity, Parental Self-Efficacy, and Fruit and Vegetable Parenting Practices among Parents of 5- to 8-Year-Old Overweight Children
Author: Hilmers, Angela
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Food,Hunger,Self Efficacy,Parents,Young Children,Obesity,Eating Habits,Parenting Skills,Child Health,Parenting Styles,Correlation

Background: Food insecurity may negatively impact children's nutritional status by affecting parenting quality. Because parents have a strong influence on their children's eating and food choices, examining the effects of food insecurity on parenting may provide important insights into obesity prevention efforts. Objectives: This study explored whether food insecurity was associated with parental self-efficacy and parenting practices related to fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods: Secondary analysis was performed using baseline data from 31 mothers of 5-8 year old overweight or obese children who had participated in a pilot obesity treatment program. Household food security status, fruit and vegetable parental self-efficacy (modeling/socialization, planning/encouraging and availability/accessibility) and fruit and vegetable parenting practices (structure, responsiveness, non-directive control, and external control) were assessed using validated measures. Students' t-test investigated differences in subscales by food security status. Results: There were no significant differences in fruit and vegetable parenting practices and parental self-efficacy between food secure and insecure groups. There was a trend towards a decrease in parental self-efficacy for making fruit and vegetables available in the home among food insecure parents (p=0.06). Conclusions: In this small sample no significant associations were found between food insecurity and fruit and vegetable parenting practices and parental self-efficacy. However, the trend observed in this exploratory analysis supports further hypothesis-driven research with a larger sample size able to detect more subtle differences.
Assessment of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Competence and Literacy Skills among Undergraduates as a Determinant Factor of Academic Achievement
Author: Nwosu, J. C.
Date: 2018-08-10
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Undergraduate Students,Information Technology,Information Literacy,Competence,Academic Achievement,Access to Information,Word Processing,Internet,Online Searching,Handheld Devices,Computer Literacy

Almost every human endeavor is supported or driven by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) including education. Teaching, learning, assessment, course registration, payment among other things are now ICT-based. Humans have attempted to use technology to improve their life span and quality, and education is not excempted in this great paradigm shift. This paper focuses on the Information and Communication Technology competence and literacy skills of undergraduate students in Ogun State, using their information literacy skills/competence as determinants of their academic achievement. A descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The population of the study consists of 10,713 students from Tai Solarin University of Education (TASUED) comprising 4 colleges and 10,000 students of Babcock University comprising 9 colleges. Simple random sampling was used for the selection of a sample of 170 respondents from Babcock University and 130 respondents from TASUED. Three hundred stdents (from 100-500 levels) were the sample of the study. Well-structured questionnaire was the main instrument used for the collection of primary data. The findings of this study show that 80% of the undergraduate students of TASUED and BU have basic ICT literacy skills which entail the ability to source for and access information resources for their research. Furthermore, this study has proved that the use of ICT has improved students' academic performance. Recommendations were made based on the findings from the study.
Determinants of Students&apos; Vulnerability to Attrition in Higher Education: Evidence from Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Author: Eshetu, Fassil
Date: 2018-08-10
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Students,Student Attrition,Predictor Variables,Gender Differences,Rural Areas,Urban Areas,Student Placement,Instructional Program Divisions,Student Satisfaction,Study,Income

This study aimed at assessing the level and determinants of students' vulnerability to attrition in Arba Minch University, Southern Ethiopia using a random sample of 547 students. The study revealed that, out of 547 sample students, 207 (38%) students were found highly vulnerable to attrition, 51 (9%) students were moderately vulnerable and the remaining 289 (53%) were not vulnerable. From highly vulnerable categories of students, 132 (64%) were female, while 75 (36%) were male students. With respect to place of origin, out of 207 highly vulnerable students, 119 (57%) of students were from rural areas where as 88 (43%) of students were from urban areas. In addition, 40% of students who were placed to a study program without their interest were highly vulnerable. The study also revealed that first year students are more likely vulnerable to attrition than second and third year students. Logistic regression result revealed that gender, students' satisfaction, study hours, monthly income and faculty of study significantly affect students' vulnerability to attrition. So, to reduce the number of unfinished degrees and reduce vulnerability to attrition, leaders of higher institution should give due attention to students' program placement, tutorials for female students and provision of better student services.
Indicators of Characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 Students in the Northeast of Thailand
Author: Suphandee, Unjana
Date: 2018-08-10
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Elementary School Students,Foreign Countries,Personal Autonomy,Teaching Experience,Language Teachers,Teacher Attitudes,Case Studies,Humanities,Specialists,Learning Processes,Factor Analysis

This study aims to develop indicators of characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students in the Northeast of Thailand. The researcher used a mixed research methodology. The samples were divided into 2 categories which are qualitative and quantitative samples. On qualitative sample, 7 experts in humanities and social were interviewed to assess the development of indicators of characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students. The interview showed that there were 7 components and 32 indicators for teachers with experience and expertise in teaching English in Primary 6. After that 11 expert teachers have a group discussion to discuss the indicators of characteristics of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students. The group discussion showed that there were 4 components and 13 indicators. On quantitative research, 600 students were selected for second order confirmatory factor analysis of Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 students in the Northeast of Thailand. The instruments used were interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis was done using mean, standard deviation and confirmations. For analysis of findings of qualitative research methodology on Learners Autonomy in English Language of Primary 6 Students, there were 4 components and 13 indicators in multi-case studies as follows: Component 1, How to study, 4 indicators; Component 2, Problem solving skills, 3 indicators; Component 3, Self-efficacy, 3 indicators; Component 4, Love to learn, 3 indicators. The second order confirmatory factor analysis found that the model was statistically significant, based on the statistically validated statistics of the model: [subscript chi]2 was 651.829, df was 601, p-value of 0.0741, CFI was 0.995, TLI was 0.994, RMSEA was 0.012, SRMR was 0.026, and [subscript chi]2/df was 1.085.