ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
To What Extent Do Biology Textbooks Contribute to Scientific Literacy? Criteria for Analysing Science-Technology-Society-Environment Issues
Author: Calado, Florbela M.
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Scientific Literacy,Biology,Textbook Content,Science and Society,Environmental Education,Misconceptions,Educational Needs,Genetics,Biotechnology,Comparative Analysis,Evaluation Criteria,Educational Practices

Our article proposes a set of six criteria for analysing science-technology-society-environment (STSE) issues in regular textbooks as to how they are expected to contribute to students' scientific literacy. We chose genetics and gene technology as fields prolific in STSE issues. We derived our criteria (including 26 sub-criteria) from a literature review of the debate in science education on how to increase scientific literacy. We inspected the textbooks regarding the relationships between science, technology, society, and environment, and considered the presence of the decontextualized and socially neutral view of science as distorted view. We, qualitatively and quantitatively, applied our set of criteria to two German Biology textbooks and identified, in total, 718 STSE statements. Based on the frequencies of different criteria and sub-criteria in the textbooks, we drew conclusions concerning STSE issues and the underlying conceptions of science and technology, which might hinder the furtherance of scientific literacy. The applicability of our approach in other science education contexts is discussed.
Teenagers' Expectations of Applying to University: How Do They Change?
Author: Anders, Jake
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adolescents,Expectation,College Applicants,Foreign Countries,Longitudinal Studies,Family Characteristics,Background,Academic Achievement,Correlation,Academic Persistence,School Role,College Attendance,Interviews,Socioeconomic Status,Parent Attitudes,Student Attitudes,Statistical Analysis

We show how young people's expectations about application to university change during the teenage years, drawing on the Longitudinal Study of Young People in England (LSYPE). We reveal the pattern of change by family background, prior attainment at the end of primary school (measured by Key Stage 2 tests) and, critically, the combination of the two. We document the relationship between expectations about university application and the decision on whether to stay on in full-time education at 16. We point to the importance of schools in sustaining or changing expectations. We relate the expectations reported by the teenagers in LSYPE to their actual university application decisions by age 20 or 21. Expectations are high but not universally high. Family background gaps in expectations widen during the teenage years.
The Image of Russia Formed by Means of Modern Russian Paper Money
Author: Dzhandzhugazova, Elena A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Social Influences,Cultural Influences,Monetary Systems,Financial Policy,Public Opinion,National Norms,Preferences,Geographic Regions

The relevance of the problem posed in the article is caused by the fact that under current conditions it is necessary to develop a comprehensive, but a complete image of Russia as a huge Eurasian state on the basis of effective use of scientific and practical approaches proposed by marketing of territories and tools used in the practice of territorial branding. The purpose of the article is to examine the role and socio-cultural value of paper money as an important instrument of state monetary policy and at the same time an integral attribute of everyday life. The leading methods of investigation of the defined problem are the methods of sociological research and modeling, allowing on the base of an analysis of public opinion research results to highlight the main objects-symbols that Russians prefer to see on modern Russian paper banknotes. The article offers an integrated scientific grouping of objects-symbols on the basis of which it is supposed to form visual images of Russian area space and that then will be reflected on paper banknotes. On the basis of conducted comparative analysis of the objects-symbols selected for banknotes in 1997 and 2016, conclusions about the stability of preferences of Russians are made, and also the fact of increasing symbolic value of Russian paper money is emphasized, despite an increase of the growth of non-cash turnover. Article submissions may be useful for the members of scientific and educational community concerned with the problems of study of marketing of territories and countries, as well as political scientists and representatives of the government.
Will the Use of Contextual Indicators Make UK Higher Education Admissions Fairer?
Author: Boliver, Vikki
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Admission,Undergraduate Study,Higher Education,Admission Criteria,Educational Indicators,Access to Education,Context Effect,Social Justice,Change Strategies,College Applicants,School Policy

In the UK, as elsewhere, the use of &quot;contextual&quot; data has been strongly advocated in order to inform undergraduate admissions decision-making. More than a third of UK universities currently take the socioeconomic or other background context of undergraduate applicants' attainment into account when deciding whom to shortlist, interview, make standard or reduced offers to, or accept at confirmation or clearing. Even more universities plan to do so in the future. Contextualised admissions policies are considered by many commentators to be intrinsically fairer, and to represent a potentially powerful means of addressing the persistent under-representation of HE students from less advantaged backgrounds, but their impact has not yet been rigorously evaluated. In order to be effective, the indicators must be accurate, appropriate, and complete, and policies for their use must demonstrably widen participation, presumably without compromising student achievement. This paper reviews the indicators available for judging context, and the existing evidence base on how contextually-identified students perform in higher education. It illustrates the considerable difficulties of using any available indicators, alone or in combination, in terms of trustworthiness. And it explains how their use could introduce new injustices while tackling merely the symptoms of stratified participation in HE. This is far from a counsel of despair. We need to widen participation and the use of context stills shows considerable promise. The paper therefore presents the case for a new study by the authors, looking at which of the available contextual indicators are best in practice, and what difference their use would really make to widening participation at HE.
Structures of Mathematical Modeling of Metathematic and Metacognitive Skills and Abilities' Typology
Author: Lebedev, Arseniy
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mathematical Models,Mathematics Skills,Metacognition,Classification,Elementary School Students,Elementary School Mathematics,Educational Quality,Evaluation Methods

According to the survey of experts, the association of non-cognitive skills in groups according to their classification as object of evaluation leads to the fact that one group includes very different skills - both in volume and in the way of they identify and assess. So, the purpose of the research is the development of mathematical model of mathematic and metacognitive skills and abilities' typology, as well as its subsequent extension to mathematical model of map of the present skills. As the basis for such typology codifiers developed in terms of FGES (Federal Governmental Educational Standard) requirements and corresponding systems of planned results within the framework of research on evaluation of education quality in elementary school, as well as within the framework of instrumentation for monitoring of dynamics of use in educational activity of &quot;ICT as the instrument of activist approach realization&quot; model by institutions of primary and general education and teachers of such educational structures was taken. The specified codifiers have been brought to unified codifier. Some objects of grading in unified codifier have been redefined in conformity with goals of the present research.
Immigrant Children and Youth in the USA: Facilitating Equity of Opportunity at School
Author: Adelman, Howard S.
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Migrant Children,Immigrants,Equal Education,Educational Opportunities,Educational Improvement,Educational Policy,Educational Practices,Student Diversity,Migrant Problems,Youth Programs,Change Strategies,Barriers,Migrant Programs,Family Problems,School Support

A great deal has been written about immigrant children and youth. Drawing on work done in the USA, this paper focuses on implications for school improvement policy and practice. Discussed are (1) the increasing influx of immigrants into schools, (2) different reasons families migrate, (3) concerns that arise related to immigrant students, (4) prevailing school practices for addressing immigrant concerns, (5) a framework for broadening what schools and communities do, and (6) policy implications, cautions, and recommendations for embedding immigrant concerns into a unified, comprehensive, and equitable system of student and learning supports.
Examining the Values of Students in the Physical Education and Sport Departments
Author: Gullu, Mehmet
Date: 2016-10-10
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Physical Education,Values,Gender Differences,Age Differences,Questionnaires,Cluster Grouping,Effect Size,College Students,Departments,Cohort Analysis,Student Attitudes

In this study, the values of students in the physical education and sport departments were examined according to their gender, age, grade, and departments. The questionnaire method was used in the study. As the data collection tool, the Portrait Values Questionnaire was applied. The study group consisted of a total of 389 students 126 of whom were female, and 263 were male; and selected from 4 different universities according to the Cluster Sampling Method. The Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal Wallis H Tests, which are among the common statistical tests, were used in the study. The significance level was selected as a=0.05 in the tests. The effect size of the tests was determined to be generally medium-size. As a conclusion, the ranking of the values of the students studying at Physical Education and Sports Departments were determined as &quot;benevolence, universalism, security, achievement, stimulation, self-direction, hedonism, conformity, power and tradition&quot;. While the power, tradition, conformity and security value points of the female students were found to be higher than the male students, the hedonism and stimulation points of the male students were higher than the female students. A difference was determined between the achievement, stimulation and conformity values according to the ages of the students. Although there was no difference between the value points according to the departments of the students, there was a difference between the value points according to their ages.
Valuable and Professional Orientations as a Social and Psychological Resource of Development of a Modern Worker
Author: Zeer, Evald F.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Professional Identity,Predictor Variables,Work Attitudes,Self Control,Qualifications,Skilled Workers,Motivation,Industrial Psychology,Foreign Countries

The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the fact that at present there is the sharpest shortage of highly skilled personnel at the Russian enterprises and, therefore, studying of features of valuable and professional orientations of representatives of working professions is of special interest. The purpose of the article consists in the reasons for valuable and professional orientations as predictors of psychological recourses development of social professional qualification, and also development of effective means of its forming among modern workers. The leading method of the research of this problem is the testing method that makes possible to reveal psychological features of valuable and professional orientations of workers of iron and steel enterprises. The resource model of self-control of activities of the worker is provided in the article; and also it is proved that there is the need for development of the program of forming and development of valuable and professional orientations of workers as highly skilled personnel. Materials of the article can be useful to psychological practice in case of professional consultation, individual consultation, and also during the work on forming of metaprofessional qualities of specialists of working professions.
Special Aspects of Managers and Employees' Responsibility Structure
Author: Mukhlynina, Olga V.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Administrator Responsibility,Employees,Staff Role,Comparative Analysis,Employee Attitudes,Administrator Attitudes,Correlation,Multivariate Analysis,Predictor Variables,Occupational Surveys,Foreign Countries

The relevance of the research problem due to the fact that society needs people who are able to make their own decisions and take responsibility for their choices, but often there are situations when leaders are not able to delegate responsibility, and employees in turn do not want to take it. The article aims to study the differences in the structure of responsibility of managers and employees' responsibility, analysis of interrelations of components of responsibility with motivation. Leading methods to the study of this problem is a psycho-diagnostic method and method of mathematical statistics (Pearson correlation analysis, factor analysis--multivariate statistical method used for studying relationships between values of variables). Processing of empirical data was conducted using SPSS programs. In the result of the study obtained significant differences in the structure of managers and employees' responsibility described the relationship of components of responsibility with motivation. The article can be useful to psychologists, staff managers and administrative managers.
Theoretical and Methodological Aspects of the Formation of Anti-Corruption Mechanisms in the System of Higher Education of the Russian Federation
Author: Abramov, Ruslan A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Higher Education,Deception,Cheating,Plagiarism,Social Problems,Ethics,Antisocial Behavior,Prevention,Causal Models,Competence,Educational Practices

Relevance of the study lies in the fact that modern higher education in the Russian Federation are increasingly approaching the critical state--despite attempts to reform and use of successful foreign practices, our country is still lagging behind in the role. The aim of the article is the formation on the events that occurred in the country over the past two decades, the conclusion that Russia is characterized by unpredictable &quot;rules of the game&quot; and, as a consequence, the future unpredictable. The leading method of research is the modelling method, Indication, and prognostic methods. Identified prospects that Russian society is developing in a legalized falsification of higher education is reflected in the media and formally legalized the issuance of diplomas of higher education to persons not mastered the full competencies, required not only educational standards, but also the labor market. The significance of the results obtained might be expressed as follows: Indicators of Education falsification are &quot;custom-made&quot; evaluation and qualification works of students. Plagiarism, rough compilation when writing papers, the active use of cribs in the control of knowledge of students is a systemic phenomenon in the modern high school, that is, in fact, the falsification of knowledge. Thus, in today's society formed the &quot;cult of the diploma&quot; the presence of higher education, and not the real competence, with the help of which the professional career and the life of a citizen in a civilized world.
The Economic Efficiency of European Football Clubs--Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Approach
Author: Pyatunin, Aleksey V.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Team Sports,Clubs,Economic Factors,Efficiency,Models,Data Analysis,Measurement,Input Output Analysis,Correlation,Scores

The relevance of this paper lies in the fact that football business has grown significantly in the past 20 years and football clubs have become large companies, which in an effort to be profitable and successful on the field need to improve the efficiency of their business. The aim of this article is to measure economic efficiency of 48 big European football clubs and assess the relationship between efficiency and different financial and sportive indicators (variables). To measure efficiency, we used both widely used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method and its extensions: DEA Super-efficiency and DEA Cross-efficiency models. The results showed that these methods can successively be applied to football clubs' efficiency measurement and the analysis of the them can help to explain why some clubs are efficient or inefficient and which factors affects the efficiency. This paper will be interesting football clubs' managers, football analytics, economists and other people interested in football business because we combine in it the most interesting ideas and methods about football clubs' efficiency measurement.
The American Aid to the Russian Reforms at the End of the Twentieth Century
Author: Tarasova, Yuliya A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,International Cooperation,Federal Aid,Social Change,Social History,Neoliberalism,Change Strategies,Influences,Public Policy,International Organizations,Consultants,Economic Change

The importance of the studied problem is caused by the USA's leading role in the development of modern world order and the economy, its influence in the international economic organizations. The article is aimed at revealing the reasons of choosing neoliberal strategy for Russian reforms, the amount and results of the American financial and technical aid to these reforms. The leading approach of researching this problem is the complex one. It allows finding out economic, internal political, geopolitical and cultural factors which influenced the implementation and the results of the American assistance to the Russian reforms. Authors draw a conclusion about considerable influence of the USA on domestic policy of Russia in the early nineties of the XX century. The amount and the content of the American financial and technical assistance to the Russian government are analyzed. Promises of massive financial aid from the international economic organizations and the USA were realized partially and much later, than it was necessary for economic transformations. The article's content and conclusions can be used in other scientific works on American-Russian relations history, Modern history of Russia, during elaboration the effective strategy of reforms for the countries which are in a condition of a transitional economy.
The Development Mechanism of Financial Resources of the Housing Mortgage Lending in Russia
Author: Savinova, Valentina A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Housing,Debt (Financial),Banking,Economic Factors,Budgets,Money Management,Credit (Finance),Loan Repayment

The urgency of the analyzed issue is due to the priority of state issues of providing the population with affordable and comfortable housing. The purpose of research is to develop the main provisions of the development mechanism of financial resources of the housing mortgage lending and to develop practical recommendations for its implementation. The leading approach to research this issue is a systematic approach, which used such scientific methods as analysis and synthesis, economic and mathematical and statistical methods, logic, and dialectic methods. Key findings of research are to develop the functional model of the development mechanism of financial resources of the housing mortgage lending; to clarify the understanding of mortgage and housing mortgage lending. The article also shows the scheme of public-private partnerships in order to enhance the formation of financial resources for the construction of affordable housing for the population. The contents of the article may be used in the practice of commercial banks in attracting financial resources and regional authorities in order to improve the housing supply.
The Scenario Approach to the Development of Regional Waste Management Systems (Implementation Experience in the Regions of Russia)
Author: Fomin, Eugene P.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Sanitation,Geographic Regions,Planning,Models,Sanitary Facilities,Computation,Costs

The article illustrates a theoretical approach to scenario modeling of economic indicators of regional waste management system. The method includes a three-iterative algorithm that allows the executive authorities and investors to take a decision on logistics, bulk, technological and economic parameters of the formation of the regional long-term (10-25 years) waste management program.
The Structural Dynamics' Nature of Innovative Development of Russian Economy in the Framework of Its Technological Diversity
Author: Gorbach, Lyudmila A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Economic Development,Comparative Analysis,Innovation,Industry,Technology,Economic Factors,Manufacturing

The relevance of the research problem is conditioned by the lack of developments in the field of management of transformational processes in modern economic systems in conditions of globalization and development in the framework of the trends of the world economy. The purpose of this paper is to substantiate directions of innovative development of the Russian economy in the context of sector technological structures' concept. The main research method of this problem is the comparative analysis of indicators of economic and innovative development, allowing estimating of the parameters of the innovation process at the macro and mezzo levels. The paper presents the systematization of industries' sectors in accordance with existing technological structures; reveals the characteristic tendencies of sectors' development on the Russian economy in the sphere of innovation activity taking into account the characteristics and dynamics of changes in the proportions of reproduction of its technological diversity. The findings can be used in the formation of priority directions of innovative development at the Federal and regional levels in the context of regulation of proportions of technological structures, as well as in the process of development of programs for perspective innovative development of industries of the Russian economy.