ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Tax Law System
Author: Tsindeliani, Imeda A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Taxes,Laws,Legal Responsibility

The article deals with consideration of the actual theoretic problems of the subject and system of tax law in Russia. The theoretical approaches to determination of the nature of separate institutes of tax law are represented. The existence of pandect system intax law building as financial law sub-branch of Russia is substantiated. The goal of the article is to review tax law in Russia and to evaluate tax law condition in a legislative system. Base methods which is used during the work are: dialectical method, also that're methods of historic, comparative legal and system analysis, formal logical, axiological and also literary review of the native and the abroad scientists. In a result we see that tax law is a sub-brunch of financial law. As a perspective we can distinguish procedural tax law as a complex part of tax law in tax law system. The article may be used as a theoretical base for following development of tax law.
The World of Child Psychology in Early Mussorgsky's Works
Author: Nemirovskaya, Iza A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Child Psychology,Musical Composition,Classical Music,Personality Traits,Children

The world of a child as a topic gave birth to a number of Mussorgsky's decisions concerning figurative modes, music style systems, principles of composition and music poetics. The master captured the microcosm of passions, that originally inhabit the soul of a child, and his works presented an embodiment of the deep, ontological nature of any human personality with its typical mixture of good and evil. In his musical works about children the composer also showed us some fundamental laws of psychology: some child entertainments, that are not quite harmless, conceal future repulsive character traits of an adult; and evident aggressiveness of a person is often a result of a former child having been unjustly insulted. All this makes it possible for us to speak of Mussorgsky as a composer and a child psychologist. [Note: The citation provided on this PDF (volume 10, number 4) is incorrect. The correct citation is volume 11, number 10.]
Classroom Guitar and Students with Visual Impairments: A Positive Approach to Music Learning and Artistry
Author: Coleman, Jeremy M.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Visual Impairments,Music Education,Music,Musical Instruments,Classical Music,School Districts,Music Teachers,Musical Composition,Music Theory,Braille,Music Reading

In 2011, a collaborative effort began between the Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired (TSBVI) and Austin Classical Guitar (ACG), a local 501(c) nonprofit music organization. The idea behind this collaboration was to start a small guitar program that would provide TSBVI students with quality classroom guitar instruction. At that time, ACG was providing guitar instruction to over 40 schools in the Central Texas area. These classes met all the state fine arts requirements and were available for credit hours as music classes during the regular school day. In addition to easing the financial burden of paying for guitar instruction, school districts that collaborated with ACG also received access to quality instruction from experts in the field of music as well as access to their guitar curriculum. The curriculum, which is called GuitarCurriculum.com (GCC) and is available at a website of the same name, produced positive results for students all over the United States, Europe, South America, and other parts of the world (Marcum &amp; Hinsley, 2004). TSBVI and ACG agreed that the small ensemble of approximately five students with visual impairments and no additional disabilities would receive music instruction for one hour, four days a week, during the 2011-2012 school year. In addition, the instructor and TSBVI students would have access to the ACG classroom guitar curriculum free of charge.
The Polyfunctionality of Design Language in the Education System of the Design-Student
Author: Lazutina, Tatiana Vladimirovna
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Design,Industrial Arts,Urban Environment,Semiotics,Aesthetics,Comparative Analysis,Architecture,Correlation

This research work is devoted to the identification of functions carried out by design in life of society in general and a sense-creating role interpretation of design language in life of the individual that leads to the realization of the analysis necessity of a design role in the sphere of modern professional education. The design as the activity for esthetic properties designing of industrial products (&quot;art designing&quot;) and also as a result of this activity where there is an inseparable interdependent link of an esthetics and technologies is considered in this article. The esthetics defines a thing matter and technology--its form. The position occupied by design images in the structure of an urban environment is analyzed in this article. It is proved that design is the multifunctional phenomenon influencing on the formation of an art world view by means of a complex of specially chosen means of expressiveness (pictorialism). The central problem of this work is the analysis of symbolic function of design language as the special hierarchical system created not only for the satisfaction of utilitarian, but also esthetic requirements of society in general, and a person, in particular. It is claimed that the main informative means of design language are symbols as the most difficult class of sign formation. It is established that the application of symbols in the design system allows influencing the formation of a reality image in consciousness of the person (society) that leads to the significance understanding of correct values upbringing in the education of a future designer.
The Psychological Competence of Police Officers in Confidential Cooperation with Citizens
Author: Uspanov, Zholdybai T.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Police Community Relationship,Prevention,Confidentiality,Law Enforcement,Public Agencies,Crime,Police Education,Ethics,Moral Values,Legal Problems

This research studied the psychological aspects of citizens' assistance to law enforcement agencies on a confidential basis. The comprehensive observance of the psychological norms of cooperation is determined by the professional ethics of police officers, the necessity of nondisclosure of investigation secrets by citizens, and the security of the latter without compromising their constitutional freedoms. The research developed means of optimizing police-citizen cooperation, analyzed comprehensively the problems related to the psychological specificity of citizen involvement in confidential cooperation with special investigative agencies, the moral and legal aspects related to the operational methods in the activity of law enforcement agencies, and the psychological and pedagogical training of operational subdivision employees that work with persons who assist in preventing, stopping, solving, and investigating crimes on the confidential basis. By developing the communication and psychological competence of police officers, it is possible to provide for effective investigation that results in public security.
Legislative Provisions Underlying Trade Unions' Right to Define Their Organizational Structure
Author: Korobchenko, Victoria V.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Unions,Organizational Theories,Administrative Organization,Comparative Analysis,Constitutional Law,Civil Rights Legislation,Professional Associations,Difficulty Level,Leadership Responsibility,Content Analysis,Governance,Foreign Countries

The article contains a comparative analysis of constitutional and other legislative provisions that ensure a trade union's right to define its own administrative structure in European states. The aim of the study is to reveal the management's problems of European trade unions, declarative and empirical mass-character legislative provisions, which allow to structure trade unions by themselves. The result is that the state should not set forth an exhaustive list of various types of trade unions. The article also examines the authority of trade union associations to define the requirements imposed on their members' charters. These requirements are argued to comply with the principle of the freedom of association. Moreover, the work reveals that many European legislative provisions are declarated but rarely realized in sphere of inner management. The novelty of the research is the comparative analytic review, basing on the modern local and collective European laws.
Improving Access to Accommodations: Reducing Political and Institutional Barriers for Canadian Postsecondary Students with Visual Impairments
Author: Ostrowski, Christopher P.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Academic Accommodations (Disabilities),Access to Education,Barriers,Postsecondary Education,Visual Impairments,Blindness,Admission (School),Self Determination,Instruction,Attitudes toward Disabilities,Program Implementation

Challenges to obtaining quality academic accommodations for students with visual impairments in postsecondary education hinder accessibility and the success of such students. The limitations of current policies and practices intended to address the needs of students in Canada are examined and potential solutions are discussed. Further systemic changes are needed to improve the quality and timeliness of accommodations.
The Effect of Enriched Learning Environments on the Conceptual Understanding of Students: &quot;The Erosion and Landslide&quot;
Author: Çoruhlu, Tülay Senel
Date: 2016-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Elementary School Students,Grade 5,Enrichment,Enrichment Activities,Learning Processes,Quasiexperimental Design,Primary Education,Semi Structured Interviews,Soil Science,Scientific Concepts,Freehand Drawing,Tests,Environmental Education,Experimental Groups,Control Groups,Constructivism (Learning),Pretests Posttests,Nonparametric Statistics,Statistical Analysis,Concept Formation

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of enriched learning environments which have been developed in the framework of the &quot;erosion and landslide&quot; concepts on the conceptual understanding of students. A quasi-experimental method has been used in this research. The sample consists of 40 students. 5th grade students (aged 11-12) selected from a primary school in the province of Trabzon in Turkey. To collect data, the researchers used concept test, interview consisting of semi-structured questions and drawing test. When the post test results are examined, a significant difference is identified in favour of the experiment group (U=128,00, p&lt;0.05). However, the fact that students were not able to reflect this result to their drawings is striking. In the post drawings made on the concepts of erosion and landslide, the number of students who did not make any drawings in the experiment and control groups is quite high. This result can be stem from student's operational periods. 5th graders are in the process of transition from the concrete operational period to the abstract operational period. They had problems to reflect their thinkings to drawings. Ready-made pictures were utilized in the poster assignment used in this research. A poster activity which includes the drawings of students can be carried out in a future research.
Digital versus Traditional: Secondary Students with Visual Impairments' Perceptions of a Digital Algebra Textbook
Author: Bouck, Emily C.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Secondary School Students,Student Attitudes,Visual Impairments,Algebra,Textbooks,Electronic Publishing,Qualitative Research,Mathematics Instruction,Technology Uses in Education,Mathematical Formulas,Blindness,Assistive Technology,Braille,Special Schools,Mathematics Teachers,Intelligence Tests,Achievement Tests,Online Surveys,Likert Scales,Observational Learning

Introduction: Digital textbooks are increasingly marketed and used, yet little research examines this medium. Within the limited research, even less investigates the role of digital textbooks in mathematics--a challenging content area for many students, but especially for students with visual impairments. Methods: Through a qualitative analysis, this study sought to understand the nature of the use of a digital algebra textbook to support secondary students with visual impairments in algebra. Results: The results suggest three main themes: (a) students' dependence on their traditional textbook medium, (b) educators' reactions to the technology, and (c) the benefits of using the digital textbook despite resistance. The three themes culminate in clear student preferences for traditional textbooks. Discussion: The general resistance to use of the technology warrants caution in terms of schools moving forward with the adoption of digital textbooks, and it suggests that additional examination of the topic is needed. Implications for Practitioners: Practitioners can consider using digital textbooks, but they will need to ensure that they and their students are both properly motivated and adequately trained to use such technology.
Visual Images of Subjective Perception of Time in a Literary Text
Author: Nesterik, Ella V.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Time Perspective,Perception,Imagery,Psychological Patterns,Literature,Linguistics,Content Analysis,Classification,Color,Light,Bias

The article is devoted to the subjective perception of time, or psychological time, as a text category and a literary image. It focuses on the visual images that are characteristic of different types of literary time--accelerated, decelerated and frozen (vanished). The research is based on the assumption that the category of subjective perception of time expresses different concepts and is formed through different text categories, including the category of visual evaluation. The main objective of the research is to determine the role played by the linguistic means expressing the category of visual evaluation in modelling subjective perception of time in a literary text. To attain the posed objective we have accomplished a number of tasks by means of the following linguistic methods: the method of contextual, component and stylistic analysis and the method of classification. The authors conclude that the linguistic means of expression of visual evaluation, i.e. words denoting colour and light, play an important role in modelling psychological time in a literary text, since they allow a reader to &quot;see&quot; the flow of time in a character's mind.
The Assessment of Halogenating Stress in Population by the Environmental and Health Monitoring
Author: Namazbaeva, Zulkiya I.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Pollution,Children,Adolescents,Adults,Age Differences,Correlation,Physiology,Biochemistry,Physical Health,Public Health

This study aimed to find out the dependence of myeloperoxidase content in patients living in the environmentally unfriendly region of Kazakhstan (Taraz), on the PCBs content in the air. During this study, 324 patients were examined to solve the clinical problem. The content of myeloperoxidase fluctuated significantly depending on the age of the experimental subjects. Statistically significant increase in the enzyme was observed in 23.0% of children aged 6-7 years, 33.4% of adolescents aged 14-17 years and 39.2% of adults aged 50-59 years. At the same time, significantly low content of myeloperoxidase was largely verified in children, adolescents, as well as in groups of the experimental subjects aged between 18-29 and 30-39 years. The largest number of people with low activity of myeloperoxidase was observed in groups aged between 40 and 49 years, which made 77.5% of the total. Research results showed significant inverse correlation between the low activity of myeloperoxidase and the PCBs concentration, which ranged from r = -0,55 to r = -0,91 (p &lt;0,05). Therefore, the most significant correlation between the laboratory and hygienic indices was detected among subjects aged between 50-59 years (r = -0,9).
The Effect of Career Mentoring on Employment Outcomes for College Students Who Are Legally Blind
Author: O'Mally, Jamie
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Students,Career Counseling,Mentors,Employment Potential,Blindness,Visual Impairments,College Graduates,Barriers,Online Surveys,Longitudinal Studies,Intervention,Comparative Analysis,Job Search Methods,Self Efficacy,Assertiveness,Job Satisfaction,Participant Satisfaction,Program Effectiveness,Sample Size,Measures (Individuals),Pretests Posttests,Rating Scales,Multivariate Analysis,Likert Scales

Introduction: College graduates with visual impairments (that is, those who are blind or have low vision) often face challenges in securing competitive employment after graduation. Working with a mentor who is also visually impaired, and working in the same field, can provide important benefits to overcome these barriers. Methods: A nationwide longitudinal study, involving random assignment to an intervention group working with a mentor or a comparison group given traditional career resources, evaluated changes in job-seeking self-efficacy, assertiveness in job hunting, and career adaptability over the course of one year as legally blind college students prepared to graduate and enter the job market. Employment outcomes, job satisfaction, and evaluation of the mentoring program were also measured. Results: Those working with mentors demonstrated increased job-seeking self-efficacy, career adaptability, and significant gains in assertiveness in job-hunting compared to those receiving only traditional job-search resources. Although no significant differences were found between groups for employment rate or job satisfaction, participants reported high satisfaction with the program. Discussion: Working with a mentor demonstrated positive trends for self-efficacy, career adaptability, and significant increases in job-hunting assertiveness among visually impaired college students with legal blindness. Participants were highly committed and found the program beneficial. Small sample size may have limited the ability to detect significant differences in employment outcomes.
An Artificial Intelligence Tutor: A Supplementary Tool for Teaching and Practicing Braille
Author: McCarthy, Tessa
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intelligent Tutoring Systems,Supplementary Education,Assistive Technology,Braille,Instruction,Visual Impairments,Mixed Methods Research,Accuracy,Instructional Effectiveness,Learning Processes,Literacy Education,Intervention,Interrater Reliability,Interviews,Usability,Efficiency,Learner Engagement,Pretests Posttests

Introduction: This study evaluated the usability and effectiveness of an artificial intelligence Braille Tutor designed to supplement the instruction of students with visual impairments as they learned to write braille contractions. Methods: A mixed-methods design was used, which incorporated a single-subject, adapted alternating treatments design as well as qualitative teacher interviews and surveys. Results: Students seemed to reach 100% accuracy faster when using Braille Tutor (average 7.0 sessions; range 1.0 to 12.0 sessions) than when they did not (average 9.6 sessions with a teacher of students with visual impairments; range 3.0 to 16.0 sessions). Also, students who used Braille Tutor more often tended to learn more contractions overall during the study (average 21.25; range 13.0 to 30.0) than students who used it less (average 9.0; range 9.0 to 9.0). Discussion: The first trend noted was that students in the teacher of students with visual impairments plus Braille Tutor phase (hereafter, TVITutor) tended to learn contractions more quickly. A second trend surfaced: The students in the TVITutor phase tended to get more frequent reinforcement as opposed to students in the TVI Only phase. A third trend was noted: Students in the TVITutor phase saw a quicker initial jump and tended to be more consistent in that initial jump. Although the prototype version of Braille Tutor in this study needs further development to broaden its capabilities, some students found its use highly motivating. Implications for Practitioners: Although there is strong evidence that advanced technologies are not suitable replacements for braille literacy instruction, technology can be used along with quality instruction by a teacher of visually impaired students to enhance proficiency in braille literacy.
The Current Experiences of Physical Education Teachers at Schools for Blind Students in the United States
Author: Haegele, Justin A.
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Physical Education Teachers,Blindness,Special Schools,Visual Impairments,Psychomotor Skills,Physical Education,Deaf Blind,Residential Schools,Questionnaires,Pervasive Developmental Disorders,Physical Activities,Physical Activity Level,Disabilities,Educational Legislation,Federal Legislation,Equal Education,Online Surveys,Teaching Methods,Teacher Characteristics,Physical Education Facilities

Introduction: It has been well established that children with visual impairments tend to be less physically active and more delayed in motor skills than their sighted peers. As a result, there has been some research focusing on inclusive physical education for these children. However, there is a clear lack of research on the current status of physical education for children in residential schools. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the current experiences of physical education teachers at schools for blind students in the United States. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 51 physical education teachers from 35 schools for blind students across the country. Data from closed-ended and short-response open-ended questions were analyzed descriptively, using frequencies and percentages, across four main areas: teacher characteristics, teaching practices, student populations, and facilities. Results: Most physical education teachers reported that their schools employ certified physical educators, use curricula that are tied to state or national standards, possess a variety of facilities for their students to use in physical education, offer a variety of sports (with the most common being wrestling), and teach a varied population of students. Discussion: A number of findings emerged from this study. Positive findings include: schools are hiring teachers who are certified in physical education or adapted physical education; they are utilizing curricula that are tied to their state and national standards; and they are offering a variety of sports after school. The few factors of concern are: the lack of validated assessments in the field of adapted physical education and, therefore, the limited use of validated assessments; and the need for additional training for teachers related to children who are deafblind and students with both visual impairments and autism spectrum disorder.