ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Teacher-Retirement Systems: Principal Provisions of State Systems. Bulletin, 1934, No. 6
Author: Keesecker, Ward W.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Teacher Retirement,Program Development,Program Implementation,Educational Finance,Retirement Benefits,Educational Legislation,Financial Support

Over the period of 40 years public sentiment in this country in favor of provisions for the comfort and security of aged groups has had a steady growth. The sentiment in favor of provisions for the retirement of public-school teachers is now so general that it is often felt unnecessary to include any consideration of the social and economic justice of such provisions. In order to meet the numerous demands upon the Office of Education for information concerning the principal problems of teacher retirement, the author has reviewed the major provisions of State-wide teacher retirement systems. The study has been limited to those phases on which information is most unusually requested, in the hope that it will be of help to persons interested in developing fair and practicable provisions for the security of those who have devoted a life-time to educational service. Typical teacher-retirement laws are appended. (Contains 5 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Bibliography of Research Studies in Education, 1932-1933. Bulletin, 1934, No. 7
Author: Gray, Ruth A.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Bibliographies,Higher Education,Doctoral Dissertations,Libraries,College Faculty,Educational Research,School Administration,Elementary Education,Teaching Methods,Race,Colleges,Universities,Masters Theses,Educational History,State Departments of Education,Curriculum Development,Educational Theories,Adult Education,School Buildings,Equipment,Educational Sociology,Teacher Education,Kindergarten,Educational Psychology,Educational Principles

The seventh compilation of research studies in education, presented herewith, covers the school year, September 1, 1932, through August 31, 1933. Records for 8,229 masters' theses, 370 doctors' dissertations, and 462 faculty studies were received from 128 colleges and universities in response to a letter which was sent out on October 15, 1933. For this same period two mimeographed bibliographies have been issued, listing in one the research and investigations carried on by State departments of education and State education associations, and in the other that reported by city school systems. These three bibliographies cover the material which was formerly included in the printed bibliography of educational research. The bibliography lists studies in the several fields of education: Current educational conditions in the United States and in foreign countries, history of education, educational research, the building of the curriculum, the subjects of the curriculum, education from preschool days through higher education, the training and status of teachers, school administration and management, the education of racial groups and of exceptional groups, and various types of libraries and their use. This bulletin contains the following: (1) Letter of transmittal; (2) Introductory note; (3) Education history; (4) Education biography; (5) Current educational conditions; (6) Education--theories and principles; (7) Special methods of instruction and organization; (8) Psychology--educational; (9) Child Study; (10) Tests and testing; (11) Research, educational; (12) Curriculum; (13) Preschool education; (14) Elementary education, including kindergarten; (15) Secondary education; (16) Higher education; (17) Adult education; (18) Teaching training; (19) Teachers status; (20) College professors and instructors; (21) Administration of schools; (22) School management; (23) School buildings and equipment; (24) Sociology, educational; (25) Racial groups, education; (26) Exceptional groups; and (27) Libraries. Indexes of authors, subjects, and institutions and organizations are provided. [Prepared in the Library Division of the Office of Education. Best copy available has been provided.]
Supervision Exercised by States over Privately Controlled Institutions of Higher Education. Bulletin, 1934, No. 8
Author: McNeely, John H.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Higher Education,Supervision,State Legislation,State Policy,State Regulation,Private Colleges,Private Education,Inquiry,Position Papers,Content Analysis,Educational Legislation,Educational Policy,Institutional Characteristics,Regional Characteristics,Teacher Education

In most of the States there are privately controlled institutions providing higher education. An obligation rests upon the State in the interest of public welfare to insure the high quality of that higher education. The purpose of this inquiry is to analyze the extent of supervision exercised over privately controlled institutions of higher education by each of the 48 States with special reference to these points. Data utilized in the inquiry were obtained by an examination of the constitutions and statutes of the several States relating to the granting of charters of incorporation to privately controlled universities and colleges, the privileges and powers conferred upon them, and the legal restraints and restrictions imposed upon them. Since the supervision exercised by each State is subject to revision at the periodical sessions of the legislature, enactments of the various States were examined up to and including the 1933 legislative sessions except for 13 States. Attention must be called to the fact that this study applies only to incorporated colleges and universities. Unincorporated and privately owned institutions of various kinds offering special types of education are not included unless the statutes of the States make specific mention of them. The information as presented consequently is based solely upon the laws as they appear on the statute books of the several States. In order to assure accuracy of their interpretation, the manuscript describing the extent of supervision of privately controlled institutions of each State was submitted either to the secretary of state, attorney general, or superintendent of public instruction of that State for criticism. A list of sources is included. Individual sections contain footnotes. (Contains 8 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
History of Education in Washington. Bulletin, 1934, No. 9
Author: Bolton, Frederick E.
Date: 1935-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Doctoral Dissertations,Archives,State Colleges,School Expansion,Graduate Students,Educational History,Masters Theses,Educational Legislation,Primary Sources,Reports,Newspapers,Laws,Educational Administration,Income,Educational Finance,State Surveys,Teacher Education,Universities,Colleges,Teacher Certification,Private Schools,Land Settlement,Secondary Education,Educational Development

This volume of the history of education in Washington is the result of many years of intermittent research by graduate students in education under the direction of the senior author. In five doctorate dissertations and about a dozen masters' theses materials have been assembled on various phases of education. The two most direct contributions were The History of Common-School Legislation, by Dennis C. Troth, 1926, and The History of Early Common School Education in Washington, by Thomas W. Bibb, 1928. Those two publications blazed the way for this more complete history of education as a whole. However, this volume is not a reprint of any parts of those or other studies. The volume is a new organization and entirely rewritten. The facts have been secured mainly from original sources, including legislative enactments, superintendents' reports, newspaper items, regents' reports, university, State college, and normal school catalogs, courses of study, registrars' figures, State archives, etc. The sources of specific materials are indicated in the appropriate connection with the given discussion. This bulletin contains the following chapters: (1) The period of discovery and exploration; (2) Pioneer colonization and settlement; (3) Pioneer schools in Northern Oregon (Washington); (4) The foundation of Washington's school laws; (5) Early territorial schools; (6) School expansion during the territorial period, 1853-89; (7) Organization and administration of education during the territorial period, 1853-89; (8) Organization and administration during statehood; (9) School revenues during statehood; (10) The development of secondary education; (11) The University of Washington; (12) The State College at Pullman; (13) The State Normal schools; (14) The 1915 Legislative survey of education in Washington; (15) Teacher Training in the University and the state college; (16) The certification of teachers; (17) Private educational institutions; and (18) Auxiliary agencies. Individual sections contain footnotes. Selected bibliography and index are included. (Contains 57 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Courses in Occupational Information. Bulletin, 1934, No. 11
Author: Proffitt, Maris M.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Educational History,Career Education,Career Awareness,Occupational Information,Career Guidance,Public Schools,High Schools,Junior High Schools,Secondary School Curriculum,Course Descriptions,Educational Practices,Bibliographies,Role of Education,National Surveys,Questionnaires

It is generally recognized that knowledge of occupational life is an essential objective of public education. This is based upon the assumption that the normal expectancy for every child is that he will live surrounded by an occupational world and that he himself will follow an occupation for a living. How best to provide adequate instruction in occupations is a problem which many schools are considering at the present time. In order to supply helpful information to schools considering this problem, the Office of Education obtained reports from 1,111 high schools as to their practices relative to instruction in occupational information. The study reported in this bulletin was undertaken to provide: (1) information that would indicate the extent to which instruction in occupational information is included in the public secondary schools of the United States; (2) information on the organization and content of instruction; and (3) programs of schools, representative of present practices. A bibliography is included. (Contains 12 tables and 10 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Privately Controlled Higher Education in the United States. Bulletin, 1934, No. 12
Author: Kelly, Fred J.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Educational Development,Catholics,Tax Allocation,Private Colleges,Teaching Methods,Fees,Church Related Colleges,Protestants,Educational History,State Church Separation

The Higher Education Division of the United States Office of Education is making a series of studies on the subject of the relation of the State to higher education. The first of these studies completed &quot;The State and Higher Education, Some Phases of Their Relationship.&quot; The second study is entitled &quot;Supervision Exercised by States over Privately Controlled Institutions of Higher Education.&quot; The third is the present study entitled &quot;Privately Controlled Higher Education in the United States.&quot; The Office's interest in this series of studies arises from the fact that in most of the States a dual system of control of higher education prevails. Side by side are found institution A, controlled and largely supported from public taxation, and institution B, controlled by a church or a private corporation and supported largely by student fees. Any earlier distinction between the two institutions on the basis of curricula and methods of teaching is tending to disappear. Questions of tax support and of student fees are being raised by increasing numbers of people. States find it difficult to build up a unified system of higher education. There is increasing agitation for the more critical study of the problem. To make available data bearing upon the many questions involved in this dual control is the object of these studies. This bulletin contains the following chapters: (1) The church and early educational development; (2) The church and state in the control of the colonial colleges; (3) Current status of higher education under Protestant auspices; (4) Education under the Roman Catholic Church; and (5) Higher education under private auspices. (Contains 13 tables. Individual chapters contain footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Institutions of Higher Education in Denmark. Bulletin, 1934, No. 13
Author: Lindegren, Alina M.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Credentials,Foreign Countries,Admissions Officers,College Admission,Transfer Students,Foreign Students,Comparative Education,Secondary School Curriculum,Higher Education,Institutional Characteristics,Bibliographies,College Preparation,State Departments of Education,Student Certification,Doctoral Degrees,Academic Degrees,Testing,Degree Requirements,Legal Education (Professions),Medical Education,Theological Education,Technical Education,Agricultural Education,Social Studies,Mathematics,Teacher Education

Numerous accounts of education in Denmark have been published in the United States but nearly all of them deal with rural and folk high schools and other special phases, to the neglect of the system of general training which is the basic, strong organization that forms the mainstay of Danish culture. This study of higher education in Denmark will to some extent overcome that deficiency in this information by presenting a brief general sketch of the preparation for higher studies and a detailed statement about the institutions of higher education. It is one of a series of studies which now includes similar accounts for Sweden and Norway. The purpose of this bulletin is to present to collegiate registrars, committees of admission, and State departments of public instruction, such data about the institutions of higher education in Denmark as will enable these officials and offices to form fairly accurate judgments of how higher training in Denmark compares with that in the United States. The information is intended mainly for use in connection with evaluating the credentials of students trained in Denmark who wish to continue their studies in the United States, but it should be of value also to anyone interested in higher education. Part A contains an introduction and an explanation of the purpose of this study. Part B covers the topics of preparation for higher studies, including the organization of instruction and a description of the secondary school curricula. Part C presents descriptions of the Danish institutions of university rank. A bibliography and a glossary of terms are included. (Contains 22 tables, 2 graphs, and 5 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Prediction of Success in College: A Handbook for Administrators and Investigators Concerned with the Problems of College Admittance or Guidance of College Students. Bulletin, 1934, No. 15
Author: Segel, David
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Academic Achievement,Prediction,Guidance,College Freshmen,Post High School Guidance,High School Graduates,Educational Counseling,Best Practices,Predictive Measurement,Predictive Validity,Predictor Variables,Guides,Administrative Principles,Statistical Studies,Statistical Analysis,Admission Criteria,Evaluation Criteria,Evaluation Methods,Measurement Objectives,Measurement Techniques,Item Analysis,Articulation (Education),Achievement Rating

The great growth in college enrollments, the changes in the availability of positions for college graduates, and the development in the science of testing go hand-in-hand in  making the problem of the prediction of college success of greater importance than ever before. This bulletin brings the attention of educators upon the work which has been  done in this field and the techniques which may be used to advantage in solving these problems. In doing this it brings up to date the practices in this field since the publication  of Colvin and MacPhail's "Intelligence of Seniors in the High Schools of Massachusetts" by the Office of Education in 1924. The need for the advancement in the methods used for the guidance of entering college students is evident in our modern life. Education must more and more base its practices on the findings of statistical and experimental studies. This bulletin points the way for increasing the accuracy of our knowledge about the possibilities of achievement of our entering college freshmen. A bibliography is provided. (Contains 31 tables, 1 figure and 7 footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
Accredited Higher Institutions, 1934. Bulletin, 1934, No. 16
Author: Ratcliffe, Ella B.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: College Credits,Student Attitudes,Accreditation (Institutions),Institutional Evaluation,Institutional Characteristics,Standards,Periodicals,College Transfer Students,High School Students,College Students,State Departments of Education,Teacher Qualifications,College Faculty

This bulletin is a compilation of the standards for accrediting the higher educational institutions employed by the chief standardizing agencies and of the lists of institutions accredited by each agency. It is a periodical publication. Since the first issue in 1917, edits have been issued approximately every 4 years. The purposes of its publication are to assist university and college officers in evaluating transferred credits, to aid State department education officers in checking teachers' credentials, and to afford college and high-school students a guide to recognized institutions. In order to serve these, the bulletin purposes must be issued with sufficient frequency to take account of the changes that occur from time to time in the standards and accredited lists. The last edition was issued in 1930.  An index is included. (Individual chapters contain footnotes.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
High-School Clubs. Bulletin, 1934, No. 18
Author: Proffitt, Maris M.
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Extracurricular Activities,Clubs,High Schools,Junior High Schools,Public Schools,Enrollment,School Activities,After School Programs,Student Development,Questionnaires,Vocational Education,Males,Females,Curriculum,Leisure Time,Recreational Activities

The rapid growth of high school clubs, the important educational functions in which they engage, and the close relationship they bear to the work of the school have given them a place of first importance among the school organizations carrying on extracurricular activities. Such clubs are a means of closing up the educational gap resulting from the limitations of the high school curriculum for providing opportunities to initiate and conduct activities that have large social and educational values. The extent to which clubs exist in the public high school, the practices obtaining relative to their organization and supervision, and the problems they present are questions in which school administrators and teachers are keenly interested. In order to supply helpful information on these questions the Office of Education obtained reports from 883 public high schools located in cities of varying sizes throughout the United States. This bulletin summarizes these reports to show the percentage of high schools having clubs and the average number of clubs per school, club membership as compared with school enrollment, practices relative to the organization of clubs, and club programs. A bibliography is included. (Contains 30 tables.) [Best copy available has been provided.]
The Problem of Duplication as Attacked in Certain State Surveys of Higher Education. Bulletin, 1934, No. 19
Author: McNeely, John H.
Date: 1935-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Higher Education,State Aid,Educational Change,Developing Institutions,State Surveys,State Universities,Costs,Duplication,Teacher Education,Majors (Students),Graduate Study,Research

Higher education under State control and partial State support has been accepted in principle by each of the 48 States. The extent of support and the method of control vary greatly from State to State but there has been universal acceptance of the principle that higher education is at least in part a State responsibility. In carrying out this responsibility, States have been concerned too often more with the development of individual institutions than they have with a State system of higher education. Of late years, however, this policy has begun to embarrass the States somewhat because it has been discovered that by the policy of developing institutions more or less independent one of the other, the States' interests were not always being best served. The costs were not always as low as they should be. The crux of the problem was usually found in the duplication of courses or curricula in the several institutions. As one after another of the States instituted surveys to help in the solution of their problems, duplication was found to take first place in most cases as the point of greatest difficulty. Accordingly, it has been thought useful to make a study of the question of duplication as it has been treated in each of the five recent surveys of higher education conducted in different States (Georgia, North Carolina, Texas, Virginia, and Oregon). The results of this study are reported in the present manuscript and should be an aid to the many States struggling with the problem of duplication in their institutions of higher education. This bulletin is presented in seven chapters, as follows: (1) Introduction; (2) Character of problem and proposed plan of reorganization; (3) Criteria for eliminating duplication; (4) Duplication in major fields; (5) Duplication in teacher training; (6) Duplication in graduate work and research; and (7) Duplication in extension and miscellaneous activities. [Best copy available has been provided.]