ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Examining the Teachers&apos; Emotional Labor Behavior
Author: Tösten, Rasim
Date: 2017-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Affective Behavior,Teacher Behavior,Mixed Methods Research,Affective Measures,Behavior Rating Scales,Gender Differences,Teacher Qualifications,Age Differences,Working Hours,Professional Identity,Teacher Salaries,Institutional Characteristics,Job Satisfaction,Predictor Variables,Change Strategies,Educational Attainment,Foreign Countries

The aim of this research is to investigate the teachers' emotional labour behaviours and to determine the reasons of the differences. In the research, mixed research methods including both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used. The population of the study was comprised of 280 teachers (266 for quantitative, 14 for qualitative dimensions) who work in Siirt city center. Because of the difficulties to reach the target population, time limitations and the cost over run, representative sampling was preferred. In order to investigate the teachers' emotional labour behaviors, &quot;Emotional Labour Behaviors Scale&quot; which was adapted by Kaya (2009) was administered to the teachers in the study. This scale was adapted for educational field. For the quantitative dimension of the research, 266 scales were analysed by using percentage, means, frequency and standard deviation for descriptive statistical techniques. T-test, ANOVA tests were used for the differences among the variables. As a result of the research, findings indicated that there were significant differences in the teachers' emotional labour behavior scores. The significant differences were found in the scores of the number of teachers, the working time at schools, the type of graduated faculty, and the type of the school. The questions related to the qualitative dimension of the research were asked to the teachers with different branches and gathered data were analysed using content analysis technique. According to the participant teachers opinions, the reasons for the significant differences of emotional labour behavior scores are different occupational definitions, being ready for the teaching profession, exhibiting more efforts and interest, more close relationships, and the negative effects of staying much more at school on the teachers. The participant teachers expressed their solutions as solving the teachers' time and place problems, constituting more imteractive relationships among students and colleagues and preparing effective working schedule.
A Literature-Based Approach on International Perspectives of Bilingual Education
Author: Ozfidan, Burhan
Date: 2017-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Research,Bilingual Education Programs,Foreign Countries,Program Implementation,Educational History,Second Language Learning,Language of Instruction,Language Proficiency,Teacher Effectiveness,Immersion Programs,Language Minorities,Cross Cultural Studies,Educational Benefits,French,Languages,Second Languages,Bilingualism,Teaching Methods,Second Language Instruction,Course Content,Spanish,Turkish,Elementary Secondary Education,Bilingual Teachers

This study examines the bilingual education in Spain and in Canada, and discusses their historical backgrounds, current bilingual education programs in use, and teacher proficiency within their bilingual education programs. The purpose of this study is to examine these two countries' bilingual education programs and find a way to implement a bilingual education program in Turkey. Because of innovative legal conditions and the establishment of special programs in Basque Country in Spain, the potential for increasing learners and speakers of the language is greater than ever before. Bilingual education models in the BAC have increased the number of well-educated young students and allowed them to have a better future. French is taught as a foreign language in Canada, and English is usually accepted as a first language, which has hindered the development of diverse types of immersion programs. Immersion programs have helped students learn other subjects and have also allowed them to acquire an additional language. This study presents a comparison of the situation of minority languages in Turkey with Canada and Spain offers many lessons. The purpose of this discussion is to establish the benefits and shortcomings of these bilingual education programs and the suitability of their models for minority groups living in Turkey. To provide an efficient education system, the differing needs of various areas should be considered. This can be demonstrated in examples drawn from Canada's consideration of the French language and Spain's consideration of the Basque language.
Postmodern Feminism: Cultural Trauma in Construction of Female Identities in Virginia Woolf&apos;s &quot;The Waves&quot;
Author: Jamili, Leila Baradaran
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Feminism,Females,Trauma,Novels,Self Concept,Postmodernism,Males,Gender Differences,Literary Criticism,Psychological Patterns,Physiology,Cultural Influences,Identification

The present article sheds new light on trauma as a devastating phenomenon respecting the construction of male and female characters' identities and reveals reconstruction of male and female identities in Virginia Woolf's (1882-1941) &quot;The Waves&quot; (1931). Trauma is defined as an unexpected event that leaves the most terrible marks on the person's self, identity, psyche, emotions, beliefs, etc. Individual trauma is diagnosed by the male and female characters' horrendous responses regarded as post-traumatic stress disorder in terms of a distressing recollection of the traumatic occurrence. In contrast, cultural trauma, like patriarchy, gender, or sexual difference which has a horrific influence on cultures, can encompass traumatically the collective identity of male and female characters. In &quot;The Waves,&quot; the characters such as Rhoda, Jinny, and Susan get involved in the struggle for the self-definition relating to their collective and individual identities, respectively. No wonder, this article exploits an integrated method of feminism and psycho-trauma. It contextualizes the ideologies of postmodern feminist critics, such as Judith Butler (1956-), Helene Cixous (1937-), Cathy Caruth (1955-), and Luce Irigaray (1930-). Woolf, &quot;de facto,&quot; reveals how trauma as a catastrophe, either individual or collective, affects shockingly male and female characters' identities, so that their physical and psychological responses can be analyzed in terms of diagnosis of the trauma and its aftermath.
Error Analysis in Academic Writing: A Case of International Postgraduate Students in Malaysia
Author: Amiri, Fatemeh
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Error Analysis (Language),Academic Discourse,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Punctuation,Computational Linguistics,Graduate Students,Foreign Students,Foreign Countries,Intensive Language Courses,Second Language Instruction,Research Papers (Students),Discourse Analysis,Language Tests,Sentence Structure,Classification,Form Classes (Languages),Native Language,Interference (Language),Writing Skills,Writing Evaluation

This paper examines the different types of writing errors performed by 16 international postgraduate students undertaking an intensive English course at a public university in Malaysia. It was mandatory for international postgraduate students who obtained less than IELTS Band 6 to undertake an Intensive English Course (IEC) offered by the University, prior to entering their respective faculties' academic programs. The students were required to write a 3-5 page term paper assignment on a topic related to their field of study. Mixed methodology approach was employed to examine and analyze corpus of students' term papers. The errors in the term papers were identified and classified accordingly. The results of the study revealed that four most common English language errors committed by the participants were sentence structure, articles, punctuation and capitalization. This study also shed light on the manner in which students assumed the rules of English to that of their native language. Such insight is useful for both instructors and students because it provides significant information on the building blocks experienced by English language learners in academic writing.
Exploring the Causes of Listening Comprehension Anxiety from EFL Saudi Learners&apos; Perspectives: A Pilot Study
Author: Otair, Ibrahim
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Anxiety,Second Language Learning,Semi Structured Interviews,English (Second Language),Case Studies,Qualitative Research,Student Attitudes,Foreign Countries,Listening Comprehension,Pilot Projects,Second Language Instruction,Undergraduate Students,Audio Equipment,Task Analysis,Language Proficiency,Classroom Environment,Learning Theories,Males

Anxiety is an important factor in foreign language learning. Very few studies have been done on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) Saudi students in listening classes. Therefore, this pilot study was aimed at exploring the causes of listening comprehension anxiety from EFL Saudi learners' perspectives at Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia. The pilot study involved two students who were selected based on the following criteria: 1) Only Saudi male undergraduate students who enrolled in Preparatory Year Program (PYP) at Majmaah University would be involved in this study, 2) The students who had studied or lived in native English speaking countries would be excluded. The researcher used pseudonyms to refer to the participants as Mohammad and Ismail. This study employed a qualitative case study research design. The data were collected through Semi-structured interviews with the participants. The interview sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. The results show that the participants experienced a high level of anxiety when doing the listening comprehension tasks. Three main causes of listening comprehension anxiety emerged from this study: 1) the problematic nature of listening comprehension, 2) the classroom atmosphere, and 3) the low English proficiency of the students.
Film, Literature, and Education: Trace of Ecopsychology Research in Indonesia
Author: Ahmadi, Anas
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Films,Literature,Teaching Methods,Psychology,Ecology,Foreign Countries,Qualitative Research

In this study, it is explained about the development of ecopsychology in Indonesia. Related to that, the research focus are ecopsychology development and ecopsychology concretization of education in Indonesia. This research uses descriptive-qualitative approach to explain about ecopsychology in Indonesia. Based on the research results, the findings are as follows. First, the ecopsychology development in Indonesia has existed and characterized by the research which is related to ecopsychology. The research about ecopsychology in Indonesia is more likely in literature, film, and media. Ecopsychology study in psychology or ecology fields do not exist in Indonesia. Second, the ecopsychology concretization of education in Indonesia appears in the study of Literary Psychology. In the study of Literary Psychology, ecopsychology is given to students with stages (1) first stage: initial understanding of ecopsychology; (2) second stage: understanding of field in ecopsychology; (3) third stage: understanding of literature in ecopsychology perspective and (4) fourth stage: ecopsychology application in literary study.
Political Christianity in Renaissance Drama
Author: Al-Joulan, Nayef Ali
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Christianity,Drama,Political Attitudes,Religious Factors,Stereotypes,Racial Discrimination,Authors,Intention,Audiences,Political Power,Economic Factors,English Literature

Examining the following selected Renaissance dramas: Marlowe's &quot;The Jew of Malta&quot; (1585), Shakespeare's &quot;The Merchant of Venice&quot; (1596), Massinger's &quot;The Renegado&quot; (1624), Daborne's &quot;A Christian Turn'd Turk&quot; (1612), and Goffe's &quot;The Raging Turk&quot; (1656), this research investigates Renaissance dramatists' portrayal of biased Christian standpoints that govern the relation with the non-Christian to uncover whether that dramatization represents the playwrights' participation in validating those attitudes or their critique of politicizing the Christian faith, in both ways underscoring the existence of an ideological &quot;political faith&quot; issue. It turns out that the period's plays may reveal that such stereotypes are only recruited to further and validate financial gain, political dominance and racial discrimination; that is, political Christianity. However, the playwrights' attitudes remain subject to their unrevealed intentions, and it is, therefore, left to the reader/audience to take sides. Tactically, the dramatists emerge ahead of the Christian and secular politicians of their time as they assume the safe side of impartiality.
Leaders&apos; Underestimation, Overestimation or Alignment: Perspectives in Program Implementation
Author: Steffen, Veronica
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Administrator Attitudes,Instructional Leadership,Teacher Administrator Relationship,Program Implementation,Advanced Placement Programs,Case Studies,Foreign Countries,Mixed Methods Research,Documentation,Administrator Surveys,Questionnaires,Private Schools,National Curriculum,Elementary Schools,Elementary School Teachers

Leadership is critical to shaping and supporting individual teachers' endeavors to integrate new programs into their teaching. To determine the necessary support, leaders must be aware of the needs of the school and its individuals. In understanding their needs, leaders can then support teachers through appropriate professional development and the discussion of identified issues to sustain improvements in teaching and learning throughout the school. Optimally, school leaders' perception of need will match that of the teachers with whom they work. However, when perceptions do not match, there may be possible repercussions.
A Research on Book Reading Habits of Turkish Teachers
Author: Akçay, Ahmet
Date: 2017-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Reading Habits,Teacher Behavior,Role Models,Books,Teacher Surveys,Statistical Analysis,Reading Materials,Time,Literary Genres,Newspapers,Periodicals,Electronic Publishing

Reading is the act of understanding and interpreting itself and its surroundings from the moment that human being is present. Therefore, individuals those who would like to know the environment better should have gained the reading habit. Turkish teachers are one of the effective factors in the acquisition of reading habits. It is necessary for the Turkish teachers who are role-models in every sense to be an example in reading books and encourage them. The purpose of this research is to examine the reading habits of Turkish teachers. In the study, the screening model was pursued with purpose of the determine the reading habits of Turkish teachers. As for that the sample of the research, is consist of 92 Turkish Teachers. By using easily accessible sampling method in the study, the teachers, who are on duty in these two countries, have been involved in the study. In order to collect data in the study, &quot;Personal Information Form,&quot; where 4 questions about teachers &quot;personal information were prepared, and prepared &quot;Reading Habit Form,&quot; which was used to describe teachers&quot; reading habits, were being used. As a result of the study, it has been determined that Turkish teachers read regular books, have limited time to read daily books, prefer literary works to read frequently, do not follow any newspaper or magazine, and can not allocate the necessary budget for the book.
Behavioral Patterns of Women Who Employ Their Leisure Time in Sports Activities: An Application of the Football Branch
Author: Eroglu, Yeser
Date: 2017-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Gender Issues,Leisure Time,Recreational Activities,Females,Athletics,College Students,Team Sports,Focus Groups,Qualitative Research,Student Attitudes,Barriers,Intervention,Action Research,Foreign Countries,Attitude Change,Social Influences,Psychological Patterns

This study is conducted to reveal the role of gender in attending leisure time activities and to determine gender perceptions about sports branches. For this purpose, an application was performed with the participation of 7 female students from Abant Izzet Baysal University School of Physical Education and Sport. For 8 weeks, volunteer participants saw home-field football matches of Boluspor Football Team, playing in the First League of Turkish Football Federation. Focus group discussions were conducted with the participants both before and after the application. The research was based on qualitative method, and the data of the research was analyzed via NVIVO 10 program. It is detected that the participants had negative perceptions about attending a football match before the application, but this transformed into a positive perception after the application. Participants emphasized that there were some obstacles in front of women in attending leisure time activities, yet argued that these obstacles could disappear with increased participation. Participants also remarked that negative perception shared by the people in their close circles about seeing football matches transformed into positive perception after the application. Moreover, participants stated that attending leisure time activities strengthened socialization and communication.
The &quot;Family&quot; Section in Current Elementary Social Studies Textbooks in China
Author: Zhao, Weiju
Date: 2017-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Social Studies,Family (Sociological Unit),Textbooks,Textbook Content,Elementary Education,Moral Values,Social Values,Curriculum,Illustrations,Photography,Language Usage

Family is the essential unit of society as well as the pupils' cradle for growing up. It is particularly significant to help pupils understand &quot;family,&quot; then form a scientific concept of the family and develop a positive family sentiment. In the current primary school textbooks of &quot;Morality and Life (Society)&quot; (version of the People Education Press) &quot;family&quot; is an important theme. The textbooks embody the basic &quot;student-oriented&quot; idea of the new curriculum concept. And its contents are derived from life which are integrated with other disciplines that shows a sense of comprehensiveness. Yet the textbooks have certain limitations and deficiencies as well. For instance, the contents involving the family types lack variety; some activities introduced lack operability.
Acquisition of Pragmatic Routines by Learners of L2 English: Investigating Common Errors and Sources of Pragmatic Fossilization
Author: Tajeddin, Zia
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Pragmatics,Error Analysis (Language),Indo European Languages,Native Language,Language Tests,Language Proficiency,Interviews,Transfer of Training,Linguistic Input,Foreign Countries

Unlike linguistic fossilization, pragmatic fossilization has received scant attention in fossilization research. To bridge this gap, the present study adopted a typical-error method of fossilization research to identify the most frequent errors in pragmatic routines committed by Persian-speaking learners of L2 English and explore the sources of fossilization. In the first phase of the study, a pragmatic routines test was administered to 230 male and female participants to determine the typical errors and their persistence across different proficiency levels. In the second phase, retrospective interviews were conducted to explore the sources of the errors in pragmatic routines committed by 15 highly fossilized advanced learners. The findings revealed that the frequent errors in pragmatic routines were mainly due to sociopragmatic failure. It was found that first language transfer, lack of knowledge, and overgeneralizations were among the most frequent sources of pragmatic fossilization. This can be due to the nonauthentic poor-input pedagogical setting in which EFL learners fail to acquire the appropriate pragmatic routines. This study has implications for pragmatic instruction and pragmatic fossilization studies.
Testing as a Way to Monitor English as a Foreign Language Learning
Author: Becker, Anthony
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Language Tests,Language Proficiency,Statistical Analysis,College Second Language Programs,Scores,Foreign Countries,Teaching Methods,Cutting Scores,Undergraduate Students,Curriculum Development,Criterion Referenced Tests,Test Format

This study was conducted at a large technical university in Russia, which offers English language courses to students majoring in nine different degree programs. Each degree program develops and delivers its own English language curriculum. While all degree programs followed the same curriculum development model to design language courses, each program incorporated a unique set of objectives pertaining to the subject matter of its discipline. The purpose of this study was to determine if progress tests could be a useful assessment tool to monitor the effectiveness of foreign language study throughout a University English Language Program (UELP). Data from 600 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students was analyzed using a repeated-measures ANOVA. The findings revealed that significant improvements in students' scores were gained throughout the first phase of the UELP, which occurred over a two-year period. For the first time, the test data was used as a policy tool to introduce meaningful curricular adjustments, including revamping the instructional practices and methods of delivery to target a range of students' proficiency levels and establish the cut scores for a minimal level of language ability for Bachelor's degree students.
Teacher Perception of Cultural Difference in L2 Materials: Is Filtering Culture the Right Approach?
Author: Hermessi, Tarek
Date: 2017-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Attitudes,Cultural Differences,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Instructional Materials,Correlation,Language Teachers,Intercultural Communication,Communicative Competence (Languages),Foreign Countries,Semantics,Pragmatics,Religious Factors,Moral Values,Political Attitudes,Multicultural Education,Questionnaires,Course Content,Cultural Context,Qualitative Research

With the emergence of the intercultural approach to L2 teaching, several studies investigated teachers' attitudes and beliefs concerning the cultural dimension of L2 teaching in different foreign language settings. This study explored teachers' perceptions of the relationship between teaching English and culture in Tunisia, an EFL setting where the culture of L2 teachers is assumed to be distant from the &quot;English&quot; culture. It also enquired into Tunisian teachers' approach to culturally different teaching materials. The study revealed that although most Tunisian teachers thought that English cannot be taught without culture, some of them approached cultural content with apprehension to the point that they expressed a readiness to filter and drop any aspect of the &quot;English&quot; culture that is incompatible with the local culture. In practice, the teachers in the study had varied understandings of intercultural communicative competence on the one hand and the socio-pragmatic and the socio-semantic dimensions of communicative competence on the other. In light of these results, it can be argued that teacher attitudes and beliefs concerning the cultural dimension of L2 teaching and their approach to culturally different content are a function of two factors: (1) distance between L2 culture and teacher culture defined in religious, moral and political terms and (2) teacher awareness of the intercultural approach to L2.