ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Multimedia CSCL Tools and Methods from a Knowledge Building Perspective
Author: Stoilescu, Dorian
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Multimedia Instruction,Multimedia Materials,Cooperative Learning,Learning Modalities,Learning Theories,Computer Managed Instruction,Video Technology,Computer Uses in Education,Handheld Devices,Educational Practices,Computer Assisted Instruction,Barriers,Computer System Design,Courseware,Fundamental Concepts

This paper discusses modalities of meaningful use of multimedia sources in Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) theory and the design of CSCL software tools. A discussion about main similarities and differences between the concepts of networking, coordination, cooperation, and collaboration is presented at the beginning. These concepts are compared with Knowledge Building. After presenting CSCL concepts and tools, the paper focuses on the use on video tools on computers and handhelds, ideas and practices that take place in today&apos;s CSCL video researches. In the final, an evaluation about the contribution of handhelds in CSCL and KB educational practices is discussed.
A Case Study of University Students' Use of Flickr Photographic Networking to Develop Confidence, English Language Fluency and Shape World Consciousness
Author: Graham, Steven
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Case Studies,College Students,Social Networks,English Curriculum,English Instruction,Majors (Students),Computer Mediated Communication,Video Technology,Photography,Multicultural Education,Intercultural Programs,Intercultural Communication,Program Implementation,Foreign Countries,Technology Education,Computer Literacy

One class of 4th year English major students who are part of the Bachelor of Education programme at Udon Thani Rajabhat University volunteered to participate in a project designed to increase their writing fluency whilst exposing them to different people and cultures in Southeast Asia. A secondary objective was to give an enjoyable task based exercise in the use of computers and the internet, with the social responsibilities that this involves. This project was designed to give these students the chance to investigate different cultures and to promote their own in a safe environment by using the Flickr photographic networking programme on the internet; to make contact and exchange ideas and cultures with students from Bali, Hong Kong and Japan. At the time of writing, this is still a work in progress; however, early indications are that students have benefited from this type of social interaction as they are experiencing better understanding of other cultures and beliefs, whilst increasing their computer skills. In addition, this project has widened the horizons of many of the students resulting in what is hoped to be a more pragmatic view of the environment, humanity and equity, beyond sustainability.
Utilisation of 2nd Generation Web Technologies in Master Level Vocational Teacher Training
Author: Tóth, Péter
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Vocational Education,Masters Programs,Vocational Education Teachers,Teacher Education Programs,Virtual Classrooms,Partnerships in Education,Educational Cooperation,Learning Processes,Multimedia Instruction,Multimedia Materials,Electronic Learning,Behavioral Objectives,Student Evaluation,Web 2.0 Technologies,Evaluation Criteria,Delivery Systems,Intermode Differences,Learning Modules,Educational Methods,Technology Uses in Education,Educational Practices,Foreign Countries

The Masters level Opportunities and Technological Innovation in Vocational Teacher Education project (project site: http://motivate.tmpk.bmf.hu/) aims to develop the use and management of virtual learning environments in the area of vocational teacher training, drawing on a well established international partnership of institutions providing both technical and educational expertise. This paper gives an overall picture of the first results and products of the collaboration. We touch upon the goals, the assessments and the learning process of using &quot;Multimedia and e-Learning: e-learning methods and tools&quot; module in details. The main cooperative and collaborative devices are presented in virtual learning environment. The communication during collaborative learning, the structured debate on forum and the benefits of collaborative learning in VLE are interpreted at the end of this paper.
Professional Scientific Blog
Author: Beke, Tamás
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Electronic Publishing,Web Sites,Cooperative Learning,Knowledge Management,Scientific and Technical Information

The professional blog is a weblog that on the whole meets the requirements of scientific publication. In my opinion it bears a resemblance to digital notice boards, where the competent specialists of the given branch of science can place their ideas, questions, possible solutions and can raise problems. Its most important function can be collectivization of the knowledge. In this article I am going to examine the characteristics of the scientific blog as a genre. Conventional learning counts as a rather solitary activity. If the students have access to the materials of each other and of the teacher, their sense of solitude diminishes and this model is also closer to the constructivist approach that features the way most people think and learn. Learning does not mean passively collecting tiny pieces of knowledge; it much more resembles &quot;spinning a conceptual net&quot; which is made up by the experiences and observations of the individual. With the spreading of the Internet more universities and colleges worldwide gave a try to on-line educational methods, but the most efficient one has not been found yet. The publication of the curriculum (the material of the lectures) and the handling of the electronic mails are not sufficient; much more is needed for &quot;collaborative&quot; learning. Our scholastic scientific blog can be a sufficient field for the start of a knowledge-building process based on cooperation. In the Rocard-report can be read that for the future of Europe it is crucial to develop the education of the natural sciences, and for this it is necessary to act on local, regional, national and EU-level. To the educational processes should be involved beyond the traditional actors (child, parent, teacher) also others (scientists, professionals, universities, local institutions, the actors of the economic sphere, etc.). The scholastic scientific blog answer the purposes, as a collaborative knowledge-sharing forum.
Transferring Best Practice from Undergraduate Practical Teaching to Secondary Schools: The Dynamic Laboratory Manual
Author: Harrison, Timothy G.
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Undergraduate Study,Chemistry,Science Instruction,Teacher Education,Laboratory Manuals,Best Practices,Virtual Classrooms,Multimedia Materials,Computer Software,Laboratory Experiments,Science Teachers,Secondary Schools

Pre-laboratory work has been shown to be an effective investment at undergraduate level in chemistry at the University of Bristol. A Dynamic Laboratory Manual (DLM) has been developed to allow undergraduate students to rehearse practicals using virtual experiments, video clips and a range of assessment support. The DLM has been shown to be highly successful in its goals. In this paper we describe the development and implementation of a DLM appropriate to post-16 students at school or college which also has applications in teacher training courses. First results from evaluation are presented which show an improvement in practical skill and cognition.
Assessment of the Status of Teaching Subjects Informatics and Programming in Terms of Selected Factors
Author: Záhorec, Ján
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Programming,Information Science Education,Teaching Methods,Research Reports,Student Attitudes,Student Interests,Intellectual Disciplines,Student Motivation,Performance Factors,Secondary School Science,Questionnaires,Relevance (Education),Foreign Countries,Secondary School Students

The paper presents a part of authors' research results, they obtained within a wider research focused on possibilities to influence students' attitudes and approaches to individual subjects, mainly the less favourite ones. Following the empirically derived hierarchy of subjects identifying the degree of individual subjects popularity among students, and influence of various factors on students' attitudes to these subjects the authors discuss students' interest in studying informatics and programming and try to identify the reasons of students' interest or disinterest in them. They try to answer the question what are currently the most powerful motivation factors for students to acquire new knowledge from these areas.
Social Interaction and Conditional Self-Discrimination under a Paradigm of Avoidance and Positive Reinforcement in Wistar Rats
Author: Penagos-Corzo, Julio C.
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Animals,Interaction,Training,Positive Reinforcement,Drug Use,Social Behavior,Stimulants,Stimuli,Statistical Analysis,Self Determination,Foreign Countries

The experiment reported here uses a conditional self-discrimination task to examine the influence of social interaction on the facilitation of self-discrimination in rats. The study is based on a previous report (Penagos- Corzo et al., 2011) showing positive evidence of such facilitation, but extending the exposition to social interaction conditions prior to training. Specifically, rats were assigned to three conditions with different levels of social interaction and exposed to two conditional self-discrimination tasks, under an avoidance and positive reinforcement paradigm, where they had to discriminate their own internal state (with or without methylphenidate). Our results indicate that conditional self-discrimination was higher in groups with higher social interaction than in those with lower interaction and support the conclusion that self-discrimination learning curves for different degrees of social interaction positively increased with number of sessions and level of interaction.
Linear Logistic Test Modeling with R
Author: Baghaei, Purya
Date: 2015-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Item Response Theory,Models,Test Validity,Hypothesis Testing,Test Bias,Test Items,Difficulty Level,Reading Tests,English (Second Language)

The present paper gives a general introduction to the linear logistic test model (Fischer, 1973), an extension of the Rasch model with linear constraints on item parameters, along with eRm (an R package to estimate different types of Rasch models; Mair, Hatzinger, &amp; Mair, 2014) functions to estimate the model and interpret its parameters. The applications of the model in test validation, hypothesis testing, cross-cultural studies of test bias, rule-based item generation, and investigating construct irrelevant factors which contribute to item difficulty are explained. The model is applied to an English as a foreign language reading comprehension test and the results are discussed.
The Super-Cone
Author: Fülöp, Zsolt
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mathematical Concepts,Geometric Concepts,Equations (Mathematics),Measurement,Numbers

Using the concept of exploded and compressed numbers the author constructs the supercone which is able to turn upon the border of three dimensional space and breaks through it. The introduction of super-cone gives a possibility for students to see the properties of traditional cone while the super-cone is not a traditional cone. Moreover we show that an unbounded super-cone is a proper subset of an unbounded super-paraboloid such that they have the same infinitely large highness.
What Is Rotating in Exploratory Factor Analysis?
Author: Osborne, Jason W.
Date: 2015-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Factor Analysis,Social Sciences,Engineering Education,Evaluation Methods,Statistical Analysis

Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) is one of the most commonly-reported quantitative methodology in the social sciences, yet much of the detail regarding what happens during an EFA remains unclear. The goal of this brief technical note is to explore what &quot;rotation&quot; is, what exactly is rotating, and why we use rotation when performing EFAs. Some commentary about the relative utility and desirability of different rotation methods concludes the narrative.
Assessing Retest Effects at the Individual Level: A General IRT-Based Approach
Author: Ferrando, Pere J.
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Item Response Theory,Evaluation Methods,Responses,Testing,Probability,Scoring,Correlation,Indexes,Scores,Equations (Mathematics),Computation,Simulation,College Students,Pretests Posttests,Questionnaires,Personality Assessment,Validity,Reliability

Test-retest studies for assessing stability and change are widely used in different domains and allow improved or additional individual estimates of interest to be obtained. However, if these estimates are to be validly interpreted the responses given at Time-2 must be free of retest effects, and the fulfilment of this assumption must be empirically checked. This article proposes a comprehensive item response theory-based approach for assessing retest effects at the individual level and test the assumption of local independence under repetition. The approach can be used with a wide array of unidimensional and multidimensional models, and is based on correlation-type and mean-square-type indices. Procedures for (a) establishing critical values for detection purposes and (b) interpreting the magnitude of the retest effects for the detected respondents are also proposed. Furthermore, the article discusses the consequences of not addressing retest effects in stability and change studies. The procedures were assessed with simulation and used in three empirical studies. In all cases they worked well and provided meaningful information.
Psychometric Changes on Item Difficulty Due to Item Review by Examinees
Author: Papanastasiou, Elena C.
Date: 2015-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Psychometrics,Difficulty Level,Test Items,Multiple Choice Tests,Scores,Undergraduate Students,Test Wiseness,Test Format,Item Response Theory,Error Patterns

If good measurement depends in part on the estimation of accurate item characteristics, it is essential that test developers become aware of discrepancies that may exist on the item parameters before and after item review. The purpose of this study was to examine the answer changing patterns of students while taking paper-and-pencil multiple choice exams, and to examine how these changes affect the estimation of item difficulty parameters. The results of this study have shown that item review by examinees does produce some changes to the examinee ability estimates and to the item difficulty parameters. In addition, these effects are more pronounced in shorter tests than in longer tests. In turn, these small changes produce larger effects when estimating the changes in the information values of each student's test score.
Practice and Colour-Word Integration in Stroop Interference
Author: Gul, Amara
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Experiments,Psychological Testing,Perceptual Development,Perception Tests,Visual Stimuli,Experimental Psychology,Color,Attention,Naming,Interference (Language),Graduate Students,Laboratory Equipment,Reaction Time,Statistical Analysis,Error Patterns,Comparative Analysis,Sensory Integration

Congruency effects were examined using a manual response version of the Stroop task in which the relationship between the colour word and its hue on incongruent trials was either kept constant or varied randomly across different pairings within the stimulus set. Congruency effects were increased in the condition where the incongruent hue-word relations were maintained. This effect was observed even when only a single letter was coloured rather than the whole word. The data suggest that the Stroop interference effect can increase when words and hues become bound by learning, which can make it more difficult to ignore the word when responding to the hue. The implications for understanding Stroop interference are discussed.
Hot or Not: The Role of Instructor Quality and Gender on the Formation of Positive Illusions among Students Using RateMyProfessors.com
Author: Theyson, Katherine C.
Date: 2015-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Effectiveness,Gender Differences,Teacher Characteristics,Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance,Attribution Theory,Response Style (Tests),Interpersonal Attraction,Visual Aids,Photography,Student Attitudes,Test Reliability,Online Surveys,College Faculty,College Students,Teacher Evaluation,Evaluation Methods,Evaluation Research

Existing literature indicates that physical attractiveness positively affects variables such as income, perceived employee quality and performance evaluations. Similarly, in the academic arena, studies indicate instructors who are better looking receive better teaching evaluations from their students. Previous analysis of the website RateMyProfessors.com confirms this, indicating that instructors who are viewed by students as &quot;hot&quot; receive higher &quot;quality&quot; ratings than those who are &quot;not.&quot; However, psychology literature indicates that perceptions of attractiveness are influenced by positive illusions, a property whereby individuals with higher quality relationships view each other more positively than objective observers. This paper uses data from Rate My Professors to investigate the existence of positive illusions in the instructor-student relationship. It finds that positive illusions exist, suggesting that existing literature overestimates the premium associated with physical attractiveness. Furthermore, the source of these illusions varies significantly between male and female instructors with important implications for the role of gender in workplace evaluations, hiring, promotion, and tenure.
Magnetic Field Mental Representations of 14-15 Years Old Students
Author: Ravanis, Konstantinos
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Scientific Concepts,Learning Processes,Adolescents,Magnets,Comprehension,Scientific Principles,Concept Formation,Visualization,Grade 9,Secondary School Science,Foreign Countries,Interviews,Science Experiments,Knowledge Level

Children's mental representations about physical concepts and phenomena play a vital role in the learning process. This is confirmed by the data derived from relevant researches which demonstrate that the students formulate incompatible ideas compared with the scientific ones. In this research we investigate the representations of 14-15 years old students about the magnetic field. One hundred and sixteen students participated in the research and the directive individual interview was the technique that we used to collect the empirical data. The results indicate that the children face difficulties in the comprehension of the nature as of the properties of the magnetic field.
Comparative Study on Romanian School Science Curricula and the Curriculum of TIMSS 2007 Testing
Author: Ciascai, Liliana
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Achievement Tests,Comparative Analysis,Grade 4,Grade 8,Classification,Cognitive Processes,Science Curriculum,Science Education,Competence,Test Results,Environmental Education,Biology,Physics,Chemistry

The results of Romanian school students in Science PISA and TIMSS testings have been and continue to be systematically slack. In the present paper we intend to do a comparative analysis of Science curriculum TIMSS 2007 and Romanian Science school curricula of 4th and 8th grades. This analysis, based on Bloom's taxonomy of cognitive domain, identifies both the common points of these curricula and the system of competencies necessary to be developed for Romanian students in order to increase their results in international testings.
The Review on the Charge Distribution on the Conductor Surface
Author: Matehkolaee, M. Jafari
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Scientific Concepts,Physics,Science Instruction,Energy,Scientific Principles,Electronic Equipment,Graduate Students

In this paper we have a full review on the surface charge density at disordered conductor surfaces. Basically, reading text books does not resolve ambiguities in this field. As far as is possible, we have tried to the concepts easier to turn. In fact we will answer two questions. One of them is that why do charges tend to go where the curvature is greater? And another, why is surface charge density greater where a surface is more curved?
Physics Education and STSE: Perspectives from the Literature
Author: MacLeod, Katarin
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: STEM Education,Physics,Science Education,Correlation,Teaching Methods,Secondary School Science,Scientists,Science Teachers,Scientific Concepts,Interdisciplinary Approach,Student Teacher Attitudes,Literature Reviews

Science, technology, society, and environment (STSE) education has recently received attention in educational research, policy, and science curricular development. Fewer strides have been made in examining the connections between STSE education and learning/teaching physics. Examples of moving STSE theory into practice within a physics classroom can be found in the educational literature and are alluded to the physics literature. This article examines the literature on connecting STSE to physics and attempting to find relevancy for students learning the science from educationalists&apos; and physicists&apos; perspectives.
Momentum Probabilities for a Single Quantum Particle in Three-Dimensional Regular &quot;Infinite&quot; Wells: One Way of Promoting Understanding of Probability Densities
Author: Riggs, Peter J.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Science Instruction,Scientific Concepts,Computation,Motion,Probability,Physics,Energy,Molecular Structure,Quantum Mechanics,Concept Formation

Students often wrestle unsuccessfully with the task of correctly calculating momentum probability densities and have difficulty in understanding their interpretation. In the case of a particle in an &quot;infinite&quot; potential well, its momentum can take values that are not just those corresponding to the particle&apos;s quantised energies but will be found to have values that occur with probabilities given by applying the Born Statistical Postulate. Momentum probability densities for several &quot;infinite&quot; potential wells are plotted and some representative numerical values calculated and discussed. Students will benefit from these solutions, as they will aid their understanding of momentum space descriptions of quantum systems, momentum probability densities and their visualisation.
A Short Essay on the Uses of Free Energy
Author: Koutandos, Spyridon
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Science Instruction,Quantum Mechanics,Mechanics (Physics),Energy,Scientific Concepts,Equations (Mathematics),Water,Heat,Thermodynamics,Science Laboratories

In this article we examine cases of more classical and less classical nature compared to results found by quantum mechanics and attribute a form of Free Energy discontinuity for each case within a boundary layer. The concept of a boundary layer is broadened as to include areas of first or second variations of the Gibbs free energy. It is constructive to think not only of implosions like boundary layers but also of explosion like ones. Situations such as boiling and the passage of electric current are compared and results are deduced. It is illusive that free energy contains a term proportional to the surface tension times the area.