ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Student Perceptions of the Influence of Servant Leadership at Two Christian Denomination Campuses
Author: Jagela, Walter M.
Date: 2019-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Students,Student Attitudes,Leadership Styles,Church Related Colleges,Private Colleges,Christianity,Knowledge Level,Case Studies

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive single-case study was to explore student perceptions of servant leadership, how servant leadership influences involvement within their campus community, and their definition of servant leadership. Student subjects were attending two private denominational Christian universities in a Mid-Atlantic Appalachian state. The theoretical foundation of this study was Greenleaf's theory of servant leadership. Purposive sampling included 20 participants pursuing an undergraduate degree and the three sources of data included semi-structured interviews, questionnaires, and a researcher's journal. This study relied on six steps of thematic analysis for data analysis. Findings showed evidence that students were aware of servant leadership on their campuses and they were influenced by and responsive to servant leadership.
Organizational Change Process: A Study in Turkish Primary Public Schools
Author: Yilmaz, Derya
Date: 2014-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Public Schools,Elementary Schools,Organizational Change,Principals,Elementary School Teachers,Change Strategies,Leadership Responsibility,Competition,Federal Regulation,Parent Attitudes,Program Implementation,Resistance to Change,Environmental Influences

The paper aims to identify views of school principals and teachers about organizational change process at primary public schools in Turkey as regards content, context, process and outcomes dimensions. The paper employs a qualitative study internalizing phenomenological approach. Criterion sampling strategy is used to get an in-depth understanding of organizational change process at schools. With a purposive sample of five school principals and five teachers experiencing principal change are participated the study. Participants of the study are interviewed through utilization of semi-structured interviews. As a result of in-depth analysis of data, five categories of data emerged under the factors of content, context, process and outcomes of change. Themes emerged from the study are &quot;exposure for change&quot; as regards localized change initiatives at schools and change initiatives of Ministry of National Education for content dimension; &quot;internal environment&quot; in terms of school principal leadership, demands of students for context dimension; &quot;external environment&quot; regarding competitive pressures, government regulations, changing knowledge and technological changes, standardized schools and demands of parents for context dimension; &quot;process of change&quot; in terms of initiation, implementation, post-implementation for process dimension; &quot;affective and behavioral reactions&quot; as regards resistance and trust for change, openness to change, encourage change, satisfaction for outcomes dimension.
Virtual Classroom: A Gift for Disabled Children
Author: John, D. R. Robert
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Disabilities,Student Needs,Educational Technology,Technology Uses in Education,Best Practices,Virtual Classrooms,Teaching Methods

In the present scenario, schools eliminate disabled children by conducting entry behavior or intelligence test. For that reason, all gifted and talented students are admitted in the general education classroom. Fulfilling the educational needs of the students in the classroom is currently a major problem for a lot of teachers in institutions. Among the many varied challenges faced by the general education teacher, one challenge is mainly impenetrable. That is, how does the teacher fulfill the special needs of students with extraordinary academic ability and the needs of those students who are not as sophisticated? The insensitive reality of overcapacity and budget cuts makes it increasingly difficult to meet the educational needs of every student. Teacher centered instruction, or teaching the same curricula to all students, is no longer a feasible approach. Teachers have to discover innovative ways to stimulate thinking and create advanced learning opportunities for all students, especially for learning disabled children. The best way to make classes more effective was by using virtual technology in the classroom for learning disabled children. In this article, the author discussed how teachers could infuse best practices from learning disabled children through the formation of a virtual classroom environment in learning.
Planning to Change Student Behaviors in a Small City School District: A Case Study of Managing in the Effective Change Zone
Author: Lewis, Michael F.
Date: 2014-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Change,Behavior Change,Student Behavior,Urban Schools,Positive Behavior Supports,Program Effectiveness,Program Implementation,Case Studies,Needs Assessment

This article is a retrospective analysis of successful planning processes implemented in an urban school district in the Northeast United States to improve student behavior by incorporating positive behavior activities and strategies as well as infusing more specific character education into the curriculum. The results after three years of planning, implementing, and evaluating the program funded via a federal grant have been impressive. The planning and implementation approaches employed by the district for this program are consistent with those key &quot;high-touch&quot; approaches advocated by contemporary educational researchers and categorized in the planning literature as &quot;managing in the effective change zone&quot;. Thus, this paper provides a case study of managing change in the &quot;effective change zone&quot; to promote meaningful and sustaining results.
Are the Walls Really Down? Perceptions Regarding Minority Leadership Challenges and Opportunities
Author: Chen, Dianbing
Date: 2019-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Faculty,Administrators,Minority Groups,College Administration,Universities,Leadership,Barriers,Professional Isolation,Life Satisfaction,Job Satisfaction,Social Justice,Personnel Selection,Race,Disproportionate Representation,Multicultural Education

In this qualitative study, we investigated the perceptions of 13 faculty members and leaders of color, from different nationalities, and at three universities in the United States of America regarding minority leadership challenges and opportunities. The aim of the research was to identify obstacles that lead to discouraging and isolating faculty and leaders of colors, and opportunities that enhance the working and life satisfaction of these faculty and leaders. Findings suggested that: (1) race still matters in the hiring, employment, and work environment for faculty and leaders of color; (2) the term 'special opportunities' are just some fancy/showy words that do not actually represent opportunities for faculty and leaders of color; and (3) more efforts are needed in embracing social justice in faculty hiring policies. Findings and implementations suggest ways that universities can break the racial walls and enhance diversity.
Planning to Effectively Motivate Digital-Age Learners by Addressing Their &quot;High-Tech&quot; Interests and Their &quot;High-Touch&quot; Needs
Author: Polka, Walter S.
Date: 2014-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Interests,Student Needs,Student Motivation,Educational Planning,Technological Advancement,Computer Use,Computer Uses in Education

The authors of this thematic article present contemporary information about the &quot;high-tech&quot; usage and interests of digital-age students at all levels of the instructional spectrum as well as information about their &quot;high-touch&quot; learning needs in various cultural contexts. The purpose of this article is to guide educators in planning and implementing programs, projects, and learning assignments that captivate contemporary student interests and address their historical learning needs so as to improve motivation and academic achievement. Contemporary technological usage information including: hardware, software, personal communication devices, and instructional applications collected from various sources is identified to provide insight about the exponential growth of technology as well as its educational potential to capture the interests and motivate digital-age learners. This information will be synthesized with social psychology and education change research of the past half century that has demonstrated the significance of the organizational, social, professional, and personal needs of individuals associated with the successful acquisition of knowledge and skills as well as the implementation innovations. Thus, the focus of this article is to facilitate comprehension of the contemporary &quot;hightech&quot; interests and usage rates of digital-age students as well as to encourage professional reflections about educational planning that combines those interests with their respective &quot;high-touch&quot; learning needs. Thus, the intended outcome of this article is to provide useful information in order to promote effective curriculum and instruction planning to increase student achievement in both developed and developing countries in the second decade of the Twenty-first Century.
Engaging Students with Disabilities in Text-Based Discussions: Guidance for General Education Social Studies Clasrooms
Author: Swanson, Elizabeth
Date: 2019-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Learner Engagement,Disabilities,Middle School Students,Discussion (Teaching Technique),Direct Instruction,Scaffolding (Teaching Technique),Thinking Skills,Reading Comprehension,Regular and Special Education Relationship,Inclusion,Social Studies,Reading Materials,Teaching Methods

Students in middle school social studies classes are expected to learn content through text. Unfortunately, many students, particularly those with disabilities, struggle to comprehend grade-level texts (NCES, 2017). Implementing high-quality, text-based discussions is no easy task, yet it provides a way to support students with disabilities in the general education classroom. In this article, the authors provide a guide for content area teachers and special educators to initiate and maintain high-quality, text-based discussions during social studies instruction. When teachers incorporate these characteristics within text-reading routines, they provide (1) explicit instruction on &quot;how&quot; to engage in discussions about text, (2) support and scaffolding so that students with disabilities can successfully participate in those discussions, and (3) opportunities for higher-level thinking about text. The authors encourage educators to utilize the characteristics described in this article to support the reading comprehension and content learning of students with disabilities taught in general education social studies classrooms.
Wastage Rate of Education Graduates from University of Malawi, Chancellor College from 2005 to 2009
Author: Chikazinga, Wanangwa W. N.
Date: 2014-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Graduates,Preservice Teacher Education,Secondary School Teachers,Career Choice,Gender Differences,Teaching (Occupation),Teacher Supply and Demand

Reports have shown that many students that graduate as secondary teachers from the University of Malawi do not enter the teaching profession. The purpose of this study was to investigate the wastage rate of education graduates from University of Malawi, Chancellor College from 2005 to 2009. Cross-sectional data were collected from the total population of education graduates from 2005 to 2009 (n=760) through document analysis, structured interviews, and telephone-administered and self-administered structured questionnaires. The study revealed a wastage rate as high as 12.0%. Using the ?2 test of homogeneity, the calculated ?2 (1df) = 4.992, p = 0.03, exceeded the critical value of ?2 0.05 (1df) = 3.84 denoting that there was a difference in wastage rate in terms of gender and that more female (R= 1.842) than male (R= -1.00) graduates were likely to decline to enter the teaching profession. The study established that the most important factors influencing teacher wastage were lack of opportunities for professional development, inadequate teacher salary and availability of alternative employment. The implication of these findings entails: projections of teacher supply that do not take into account the wastage rate are bound to be inevitably inaccurate and fundamentals that attract people to an occupation should be addressed in the teaching profession without which teacher wastage would remain a major challenge.
What Do Mathematics Achievement Examinations Assess? A Critical Item Analysis
Author: Manouchehri, Azita
Date: 2016-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mathematics Achievement,Mathematics Instruction,Mathematics Tests,Item Analysis,Standardized Tests,Elementary School Students,Geometry,Algebra,Probability,Thinking Skills,Achievement Tests,Foreign Countries,International Assessment,Grade 4,Grade 5,Grade 6,Classification,Visual Aids

In this work we examined the content of approximately 950 mathematics questions used in measuring achievement among 4th, 5th and 6th graders in the US in an attempt to determine how the current standardized examinations, which were developed to reflect new national curricular mandates, compared to the old measures used for the same purpose. Using Bloom's Taxonomy and TIMSS characterization of cognitive demands of tasks, we compared the quality of knowledge assessed by the items. Notable differences were found between the new items measuring skills and competencies compared to compatible items on the old tests. We noted that previous assessments primarily tested children's procedural and skill-based knowledge of mathematics, and often allowed children to arrive at a right answer in absence of understanding. In contrast, the new assessments require that children have a conceptual understanding of mathematics, attend to precise mathematical language, communicate their ideas, and utilize abstract reasoning skills.
The Effect of Personal Learning Network Exposure on Pre-Service Teacher&apos;s Digital Resource Search Habits
Author: Russo, Tracy
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Instructional Leadership,Preservice Teachers,Search Strategies,Self Esteem,Social Media,Beliefs,Technology Integration,Social Networks,Educational Technology,Faculty Development,Communities of Practice,Student Attitudes,Technology Uses in Education

Teacher confidence with technology integration remains generally low over time, and teacher preparation programs have been tasked with supplying the education sector with teachers ready to implement an ever-changing toolkit of technologies. These efforts can be hampered by isolation of the traditional technology course and lack of field component. In this pilot study, the authors leverage students' personal experiences gained while creating a self-developed Personal Learning Network (PLN) to build confidence and capabilities for searching appropriate web-based resources to include in a technology-infused lesson plan. Through two course iterations, framing PLN construction around internet searches of their final project resources was found to increase PLN and resource portal utilization, a course goal to improve the quality of selected resources over those found in more simplistic internet searches. Further iterations look to increase connections between assignments exploring technologies and integration into student-created lessons.
Mathematical Problem-Solving Strategies among Student Teachers
Author: Gurat, Melanie Guzman
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mathematics Instruction,Problem Solving,Student Teachers,Critical Thinking,Thinking Skills,Metacognition,Foreign Countries,Mathematics Achievement

The main purpose of the study is to understand the mathematical problem-solving strategies among student teachers. This study used both quantitative and qualitative type of research. Aside from the semi-structured interviews, data were gathered through participant's actual mathematical problem-solving outputs and the videotaped interviews. Findings revealed that the problem-solving strategies among student teachers in the Problem-Solving subject are cognitive, metacognitive and other strategies. The cognitive strategies used by the student teachers are rehearsal, elaboration, and organization. The metacognitive strategies are critical thinking and self-regulation. Other strategies are overlapping the cognitive and metacognitive strategies. These are prediction/orientation, planning, monitoring, and evaluating. The findings also suggest significant influence of the strategies on the academic performance of the student teachers.
Motivation of Students of Economic and Technical Study Programmes as a Tool of Competitiveness of Universities and Colleges: Empirical Study
Author: Berková, Katerina
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Motivation,Universities,Colleges,Foreign Countries,Economics,Finance Occupations,Administration,Computer Science Education,Competition,Business Administration Education

The article presents an analysis of factors influencing the students´ motivation to study economic subjects in economic and technical study programmes in the conditions of a practically oriented college. The research is focused on quality management systems of universities and the competitiveness in the tertiary education market. Specifically, the area of quality of higher education is addressed, through students' assessment of the subject of Business Administration. Motivation factors related to teaching techniques were classified and the intensity of motivation of the respondents was investigated in the questionnaire survey. The statistical analysis of data suggests that there are differences in the motivation of students of economic and technical study programmes. Students of technical study programmes Applied Computer Science are more demanding and have higher expectations from study programmes compared to students in the study programmes of Finance and Management, whose expectations are lower. The results are discussed and compared with a similar foreign research. A pedagogical constructivism should be introduced into the Czech education, resulting in enhancement of attractiveness of the study programmes, thus increasing the level of competitiveness of the college.
Impact of Order of Data in Word Problems on Division of a Whole into Unequal Parts
Author: Novotná, Jarmila
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Data,Word Problems (Mathematics),Division,Mathematics Instruction,Foreign Countries,Grade 9,Item Response Theory,Mathematics

The paper investigates how the order of numerical data in word problems on division of a whole into unequal parts affects achievement and reasoning of 14-16-year old pupils. The variable was altered in two word problems, in one of which also the context was changed (psychological variable) and in the latter &quot;if-clause&quot; is or is not used (linguistic variable). 182 pupils were involved in the experiment. The solutions were analysed quantitatively using Item Response Theory as well as qualitatively. The data suggest that pupils' success is affected by the order of numerical data in the statement in an unfamiliar context. The presence of &quot;if-clause&quot; in the statement was studied in a two-level problem. The order of numerical data played its role in case of formulations without &quot;if&quot;. The results of the experiment are of interest for mathematics education as well as for construction of tests. The paper is an extended version of the paper by Novotná (2018).
Internet Use and Abuse: Connection with Internet Addiction
Author: Milková, Eva
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Internet,Addictive Behavior,Computer Use,Secondary School Students,Cheating,Foreign Countries,Cognitive Style,Plagiarism

Modern information and communication technologies have progressed quickly. Mobile technology, personal computers and the Internet have become closely linked to human life. However, all these devices and their use bring various pitfalls. Cheating of pupils and students in the school environment has been an interdisciplinary issue linked not only to pedagogy, but also to the whole range of sub-disciplines, like for example social pedagogy or etopedy. The latter disciplines have been significantly interfered by information and communication technologies that bring new forms of illegal school activities. Due to modern technologies we can also trace an increase of inattention of pupils and students and their tendency to distraction during lessons. Signs of Internet addiction among pupils and students can be observed more often. The paper deals with a research focusing on Internet use by secondary school youth and possible risks of using the Internet for them. Three aspects entering the educational process of adolescents are discussed there; Internet use, school cheating and Internet addictive behavior. In addition, a relation between possible risks of Internet use and educational strategies according the Learning Combination Inventory originated by Christine A. Johnston was examined within the research.
On the Problem of Generating a Large Number of Comparable Test Variants
Author: Gangur, Mikuláš
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Computer Assisted Testing,Test Construction,Test Items,Heuristics,Item Banks,Difficulty Level,Input Output Analysis

The paper presents a possible way of solving the problem of creating more test variants for a large number of students divided into groups. The proposed solution may consist in introducing a parameterized automatic test generator. The principle of an automatic parameterized test generator is shown. The process of the question tree construction according to the increasing numbers of question in the banks of the particular subjects leads to a combinatorial explosion. This often results in excessive time of generation of the different variants of tests. To solve this problem, a heuristic method based on a pre-processing stage that precedes the construction of the searching tree is proposed. Further, the results of the experiments comparing the time of the test generation and the congruence of the test variants generated by the algorithm either using or non-using this heuristics are presented. According to these results the use of the generator with the proposed heuristics provides a considerably shorter time of generation, and the congruence of the generated test variants is even better in most cases.