ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Policy, Context and Schooling: The Education of English Learners in Rural New Destinations
Author: Lee, Stacey J.
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English Language Learners,Immigrants,Rural Schools,Educational Environment,Educational Policy,Qualitative Research,Case Studies,Influences,Inclusion,Acculturation,Elementary Secondary Education

The number of immigrant English learners attending schools in new destinations across the US is rapidly increasing. We draw on the sociological scholarship on &quot;contexts of reception&quot; and scholarship on sociocultural approaches to policy to examine the educational contexts faced by immigrant English learners in new destination communities and how these contexts shape their educational experiences. Using data from qualitative case studies of rural school districts in Wisconsin, we examined local discourses surrounding new immigrant populations, and how they shaped the ways in which local educators interpreted and enacted educational policies on the ground. We argue that policy implementation is influenced by local understandings of immigrant English learners and their educational needs, such that potentially inclusive educational policies become assimilative in practice.
Rural/Urban Disparities in Science Achievement in Post-Socialist Countries: The Evolving Influence of Socioeconomic Status
Author: Kryst, Erica L.
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Social Systems,Science Achievement,Achievement Gap,Socioeconomic Status,Rural Education,Urban Education,International Assessment,Mathematics Tests,Science Tests,Elementary Secondary Education,Mathematics Achievement,Geographic Regions,Middle School Students,Grade 8,Comparative Education,Comparative Analysis,Scores,Outcomes of Education,International Organizations,Access to Education,Statistical Analysis,Access to Computers,Multiple Regression Analysis,Least Squares Statistics

Disparities in educational outcomes exist between students in rural areas as compared to students in urban settings. While there is some evidence that these rural disparities are present in eastern Europe, little is known about young peoples' lives in the rural areas of this region. This paper presents an analysis of science achievement by location (rural v. urban) using all available waves of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). We examined the eighth grade data from five countries: Lithuania, Romania, the Russian Federation, Hungary, and Slovenia. Findings demonstrated that students attending rural schools had significantly lower science scores and that the rural disadvantage grew between 1995 and 2011 in some countries, but became non-significant in others. Overall, family socioeconomic status played an important role in determining the educational outcomes of rural students. The implications of these findings are explored in relation to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) 2015 Education for All goals.
Rural Education and Urbanization: Experiences and Struggles in China since the Late 1970s
Author: Xu, Shuqin
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Rural Education,Urbanization,Migration Patterns,Rural to Urban Migration,Educational Policy,Public Policy,Government Role,Educational Change,Change Strategies,Urban Education,Centralization,Administrative Organization,Educational Quality,Faculty Mobility,Brain Drain

China has adopted an unbalanced policy for economic development to improve its domestic economy and international competitiveness for more than three decades. During this process, rural education has undergone a series of reforms. With reference to compulsory education, this article argues that rural education in China is a pragmatic instrument for the state to expand and improve the quality of urbanization. Rural education can be used to serve urbanization, is influenced by the rural-urban disparities brought about by urbanization, and receives urban aid and support in exchange for following state guidelines. Due to deep-rooted disparities and long-standing inequalities, effectively financing rural education, rural education still faces challenges and difficulties related to handling urban-based curricula and evaluation standards, recruiting, and keeping qualified teachers, and the outflow of original rural residents. This article concludes by offering an explanation of Chinese policy implications for the functions and constraints of state-directed rural education in serving urbanization.
Exploring the Emergence of Community Support for School and Encouragement of Innovation for Improving Rural School Performance: Lessons Learned at Kitamburo in Tanzania
Author: Ngalawa, Athanas
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Rural Schools,Educational Improvement,School Community Relationship,Case Studies,Elementary School Students,Faculty Development,Mathematics Instruction,Exit Examinations,Interviews,Focus Groups,Qualitative Research,Mathematics Achievement,Mathematics Tests,Communities of Practice,Teacher Attitudes,Curriculum

This article describes a qualitative exploration of a primary school in a remote rural community of Tanzania, whose students showed promising performance in mathematics, as measured by the Primary School Leaving Examinations (PSLE). Case study methods were used to conduct research about the school and the community and included interviews, focus groups, and observations. This paper describes the role of community leadership in generating a learning community (Warren, 2005), that initiated community support of the school, which in turn prompted teachers' innovations in professional development, that improved teaching and learning in mathematics and contributed to the observed promising performance on the PSLE. The article concludes that although school principals and teachers are regarded as keys in generating professional learning communities (DuFour, DuFour, &amp; Eaker, 2008), under good community leadership communities may be essential catalysts in establishing and sustaining professional learning communities which may contribute to school improvement.
Brief Analysis of Application of Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Graduation Exams of Clinical Medical Students
Author: Du, Yihua
Date: 2011-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Medical Students,Exit Examinations,Objective Tests,Test Preparation,Educational Development,Standardized Tests,Educational Practices,Clinical Teaching (Health Professions)

This article gives a brief introduction to the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) and analyzes developmental progress of OSCE at both home and abroad and standardized patients' application in OSCE. Also, this article expounds application of OSCE in graduation exam of clinical medical students. Finally, this article summarizes pre-exam preparation work and flow of OSCE exam in Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medical School, analyzes OSCE and puts forward suggestions to improve OSCE.
Study on the Status Quo and Reform Measures of Employment Guidance in Universities
Author: He, Liping
Date: 2011-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Universities,Employment Services,Intellectual Disciplines,Course Descriptions,Institutional Characteristics,Educational Practices,Institutional Advancement,Guidance,Course Objectives,Correlation,Foreign Countries

As a new discipline, employment guidance is aimed at the study of employment and how to solve the problem in employment every individual meets. It offers an effective approach to the problem in employment for university graduates. This article starts with the importance of conducting employment guidance and makes an analysis of the status quo as well as the existing problems in employment guidance services in universities at present. It also puts forward several countermeasures which can change the current situation and reform the employment guidance services specifically.
Organizational Political Tactics in Universities
Author: Nejad, Bahareh Azizi
Date: 2011-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Universities,Politics of Education,Organizational Climate,Organizational Culture,Organizational Effectiveness,Teacher Attitudes,Questionnaires,Political Influences,Ideology,Industrial Psychology,Administrator Behavior,Teacher Behavior,Tenure,Gender Differences,Foreign Countries,Multivariate Analysis,Likert Scales

The present research aimed to promote understanding of political tactics in organizations. Political behavior in nowadays-complex conditions is a process that the conflicts, contrasts and differences among interested groups are resolved. It means dialogue, attention to different goals in organizations, regarding the interest of different groups, attraction of staff cooperation, and acquisition of the worker's support in management decisions, therefore technical and organizational wisdom are not sufficient. Managers along the development of organizations need to have political wisdom. In this study we surveyed political tactics perceptions of 1263 academic faculty members in West Azarbaijan State Universities. The research method was a descriptive-survey. Among these academic members, 376 individuals were chosen randomly as research sample. Questionnaire of &quot;political tactics&quot; (r = 0.9) was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics as well as t-test, MANOVA, and Friedman test. Research findings showed that there were significant differences between academic degrees of the academic faculty members and political tactics used in the universities, whereas there was no any difference between gender of faculty members and political tactics. The survey revealed that the perceptions of political tactics among faculty members were different in West Azarbaijan State Universities; therefore, some practical suggestions are recommended.
The One Laptop School: Equipping Rural Elementary Schools in South India through Public Private Partnerships
Author: Byker, Erik Jon
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Laptop Computers,Rural Schools,Elementary School Students,Case Studies,Foreign Countries,Information Technology,Partnerships in Education,Ethnography,Reports,Teacher Attendance,Dropouts,Sanitation,Educational Facilities,Energy,Student Attitudes,Transportation,Program Descriptions,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Computer Literacy,Poverty

This article reports on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) program in South India that provided information and communication technology (ICT) to rural elementary schools. The article examined the current status of rural, government-run elementary schools in India by reviewing reports like the Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) in India. Challenges like teacher absences, student drop-outs, lack of electricity, lack of separate toilets for genders, and a lack of teaching resources is discussed. To meet these challenges, the article describes the rise in popularity of India's PPPs. Then the article reports on a case study of a PPP, called the SSA Foundation, which implemented a &quot;one laptop per school&quot; program in rural areas in the Indian States of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Using ethnographic data from field research, the case study includes a description of how the students in a rural Karnataka elementary school use their school's laptop. The school was situated in a small village where most travel was non-motorized. Walking, usually without shoes, was the main form of transportation. A bicycle was considered a luxury. Most villagers worked in the surrounding ragi and millet fields; laboring, often with only simple tool blades. Wood fires were the main source of fuel for cooking. In this village, the school's laptop became a prized possession. The case study offers a &quot;thick description&quot; (Geertz, 1973) of how the village school's students used the laptop for learning basic computing skills and for learning English.
A Study of the Relationship between Cognitive Styles and Learning Strategies
Author: Shi, Changju
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Cognitive Style,Learning Strategies,Schematic Studies,Majors (Students),English (Second Language),English Instruction,Statistical Analysis,Student Surveys,Undergraduate Students,Questionnaires,Student Attitudes,Foreign Countries

This study focuses on the relationship between cognitive styles and learning strategies of 184 second-year English majors from the Foreign Language School of a university in Wuhan. In this study, quantitative data is presented. Two self-reported inventories are employed. Learning Style Survey is used to examine the learning styles of the participants and the Chinese version of Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) is conducted to survey the subjects' learning strategies. The results show that cognitive styles have significant influence on learners' choices of learning strategies. Synthesizing style, sharpener style, field-independent style and impulsive style of cognitive styles correlate positively almost with every strategy presented in this paper, so they turn to be the most influential cognitive styles that have an impact on learners' learning strategy choices. Finally, implications for teaching are discussed, as are suggestions for the future researches.
Adjustment Issues of International Students Enrolled in American Colleges and Universities: A Review of the Literature
Author: de Araujo, Abrahao Andre
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Literature Reviews,Student Adjustment,Foreign Students,English (Second Language),Language Proficiency,Social Capital,Time Perspective,Social Justice,Acculturation,Separation Anxiety,Social Support Groups,Interpersonal Relationship,Research Needs,College Students

This article is a review of the literature concerning the adjustment issues experienced by international students enrolled in American colleges and universities. Convergent findings indicated that English fluency, social support, length of stay in the U.S., perceived discrimination or prejudice, establishing relationships with Americans, and homesickness were the most significant variables related to the adjustment of international students. Limitations in the literature and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Level of Desirability of Information Technology Systems and Its Relation with Organizational Commitment
Author: Allammeh, Sayyed Mohsen
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Technology,Information Systems,Access to Computers,Access to Information,Technical Support,Technology Education,Appropriate Technology,Work Attitudes,Staff Development,Questionnaires,Correlation,Higher Education,Foreign Countries

Purpose: This paper aims to define Information Technology (IT) desirability and determine IT relationship with organizational commitment. The existence of such a relationship between IT &amp; organizational commitment can guide the organizational leaders to promote and to develop the IT potentials in order to improve the performance of employees, and elevate job satisfaction, commitment and organizational effectiveness. Design/methodology/approach: The design of the research is descriptive--correlational and the statistical sample consists of 84 educational service experts working at educational service offices in the University of Isfahan. They were selected based on purposeful sampling. Findings: The results showed that among IT desirability components, two components of training and fitness had a significant relationship with continuance commitment (one of the organizational commitment dimensions). Research limitations: Since the statistical sample was selected purposefully and the research was done on educational service experts, any generalization of the results to other organizations and employees requires caution. Practical implications: Since the results of the research show the existence of only one of the dimensions of organizational commitment (continuance commitment) and two components of desirability of IT (fitness and training), managers can try to improve the levels of these dimensions of IT. Originality/value: Many researchers have investigated different effects and relations between IT and employees, but in this research the aim has been to investigate a more complete account as well as different aspects of employees' perceptions about IT (i.e. desirability of the system).
Metaphorical Analysis of Iranian MA University Students' Beliefs: A Qualitative Study
Author: Pishghadam, Reza
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Graduate Students,Masters Programs,Student Attitudes,Beliefs,Figurative Language,Discourse Analysis,Learning Processes,Prompting,Educational Attitudes,English (Second Language),Qualitative Research,Teacher Student Relationship,Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance,Preferences

Following the innovations in language teaching and learning, metaphor analysis as an indirect tool of delving into individuals' beliefs has been utilized in this study to explore the use of metaphor to express the various perspectives of university students about the process of learning and teaching. In fact, this research intends to examine the metaphors produced by Iranian MA students about learning and teaching both in ideal and current situations. Using the Iranian contexts of education, this study aimed at: first, collecting the metaphors the students created by using the prompts &quot;A university student is/should be like a...&quot; and &quot;A university professor is/should be like a...&quot;, and second, identifying and analyzing the metaphors. The results demonstrated that MA university students have different conceptions of learning and teaching, wishing to form the bedrock of their teaching and learning paradigm based on &quot;situative&quot; learning concepts.
Assessing Teaching Readiness of University Students in Cross River State, Nigeria: Implications for Managing Teacher Education Reforms
Author: Akuegwu, B. A.
Date: 2011-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Career Readiness,Preservice Teacher Education,Preservice Teachers,Educational Change,Investigations,Hypothesis Testing,Questionnaires,Statistical Analysis,Communication Skills,Interpersonal Competence,Technological Literacy,Entrepreneurship,Business Skills,Gender Differences,Knowledge Base for Teaching,Teaching Skills

This ex-post-facto designed study was geared towards assessing the readiness of would-be teachers in universities in Cross River State for the teaching profession, and how reforms can be managed to strengthen this. Three hypotheses were isolated to give direction to this investigation. 200 students from the two universities in the state constituted the sample drawn from a population of 1684 graduating education students. Data were generated using &quot;Students' Teaching Readiness Questionnaire (S.T.R.Q.)&quot;. Population t-test and Independent t-test statistical techniques were used to analyze data collected. Results disclosed that teaching readiness of university education students is significantly low in terms of possession of communication skills, interpersonal skills, ICT skills and entrepreneurial skills; gender influences teaching readiness of university education students in one hand and in the other, it does not; teaching readiness of university education students does not significantly differ on the basis of institution of affiliation. On the strength of these findings, implications for managing teacher education reforms were articulated.
Internationalization of Higher Education in China and Its Development Direction
Author: Chen, Dong
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: International Education,Higher Education,Role,Networks,Reputation,Educational Policy,Brain Drain,Foreign Countries

The internationalization of higher education plays an important role in education, but from the perspective of the whole society, there is a higher level of significance. Combining with foreign experience, this paper holds that internationalization of higher education in China should be established to promote international education by establishing administrative network, shaping the international reputation of higher education, merging policy with communication activities simultaneously to reverse the brain drain situation and to encourage the internationalization of higher education institutions.
The Analysis of the Relationship between Organizational Structure and Information Technology (IT): And the Barriers to Its Establishment at the University of Isfahan from the Faculty Member's Viewpoints
Author: Peyman, Yarmohammadzadeh
Date: 2011-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Technology,Barriers,Questionnaires,Teacher Attitudes,Administrative Organization,Correlation,Likert Scales,Centralization,Organizational Climate,Organizational Culture,Hypothesis Testing,College Faculty,Technology Integration,Foreign Countries,Regression (Statistics)

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship between organizational structure between IT and the barriers to its establishment in University of Isfahan from faculty member's viewpoints in 2007-2008. The questionnaires were prepared and examined based on the organization dimensions of organizational structures (formality, complexity, centralization) and IT. The research is descriptive-correlative type. Statistical population of the research consisted of 466 faculty member's of university of Isfahan which 80 individuals were selected as statistical samples through simple randomized sampling method. To gather the data for organizational dimensions and IT a questionnaire consisted of 37 items based on 5-point Likert-scale. The reliability of questionnaire obtained 0.93 using Cronbach's alpha. The content and face validity of the questionnaire was determined through the viewpoints of experts in management and educational sciences. The data were analyzed at descriptive (Frequency, Percentage, Mean) and inferential levels (correlation coefficient, variance analysis, independent T-test) by the SPSS software version 15.00. The findings showed that there was a significant and positive correlation between all organizational dimensions of structure and information technology.
Study on Case Teaching of Financial Management
Author: Che, Zhenghong
Date: 2011-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teaching Methods,Money Management,Case Method (Teaching Technique),Role,Outcomes of Education,Teaching Skills,Foreign Countries

Case teaching is an efficient teaching method of management. It plays an important role to enhance the students' ability to practice the theory. However, case teaching of financial management has not achieved the expected results. The paper aims to study the importance, characteristics and corresponding methods of case teaching method of financial management.