ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Behavioural Problems of Juvenile Street Hawkers in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria
Author: Udoh, Nsisong A.
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Behavior Problems,Delinquency,Undergraduate Students,Statistical Analysis,Student Surveys,Urban Youth,Youth Problems,Questionnaires,Student Attitudes,Truancy,Moral Issues,Parent Background,Retailing,Antisocial Behavior,Crime,Hypothesis Testing

The study sought the opinions of Faculty of Education Students of University of Uyo on the behavioural problems of juvenile street hawkers in Uyo metropolis. Five research hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. This cross-sectional survey employed multi-stage random sampling technique in selecting 200 regular undergraduate students in the Education Faculty of the University of Uyo for the study. The Juvenile Street Hawkers Opinioniare (JUVSHO) developed by the researchers was used in data collection. The hypotheses were tested using chi square statistic at p=0.05 level of significance and appropriate degrees of freedom. Results indicate that juvenile street hawkers develop maladjusted patterns of behaviour, which in turn impair their academic, moral, social, physical, and psychological growth and development thus affecting their future negatively. Based on these findings, it was recommended that government should provide free basic education, improve workers remuneration, provide academic grants and aids to economically disadvantaged parents, and create jobs for unemployed parents, inter alia, in order to keep children from hawking under the guise of subsisting family income at the expense of their total development. Also, the implications of these findings for counselling psychologists in the school system were given.
Dynamic Assessment of EFL Reading: Revealing Hidden Aspects at Different Proficiency Levels
Author: Ajideh, Parviz
Date: 2012-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Learning Processes,Evaluation Methods,Language Proficiency,Test Items,Reading Tests,Sociocultural Patterns,Learning Theories,Qualitative Research,Reading Skills,College Students,Foreign Countries,Language Tests

Dynamic assessment as a complementary approach to traditional static assessment emphasizes the learning process and accounts for the amount and nature of examiner investment. The present qualitative study analyzed interactions for 270 reading test items which were recorded and tape scripted. The reading ability of 9 EFL participants at three proficiency levels of high, mid, and low were assessed dynamically during five weeks of this study. The findings revealed five major data type only available through DA including an exact estimation of examinees' abilities, identifying the source of problem, identifying the stage of the problem, estimating the extent of examinees' development within their ZPDs, and the extent of transcendence for later independent performance. The results also highlighted the differences in these data for readers at different proficiency levels. These findings have implications for assessors, and teachers in taking effective steps to improve learner development with exact information about learners of different proficiency levels.
New Competences for the Pre-School Teacher: A Successful Response to the Challenges of the 21st Century
Author: Ljubetic, Maja
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Competencies,Preservice Teachers,Preservice Teacher Education,Faculty Development,Professional Identity,Teaching Skills,Skill Development,Foreign Countries

Only those individuals who are prepared for the professional challenges of the 21st century can aptly respond to them. The quality of the educational-upbringing system, in particular the preliminary one, which is early childhood and pre-school education, is the priority for every society which has a clear development strategy and which has a systematic educational policy. Particular attention, therefore, should be devoted to the initial training and continuing professional development of the educator. This is necessary in order for them to acquire the necessary pedagogical competences needed for working with children of an early and pre-school age. Only a competent educator can achieve favourable conditions which enable the development of the child's competences. Various roles demand various competences which the educator must possess such as: competences linked to understanding and advancing the child; learning; monitoring, evaluation, improving processes; school, family, local community; curriculum and the competences necessary for improving the educator's own personal traits and professional activity. By improving these competences, the educator systematically builds his/her professional identity.
Roles of Linguistic Knowledge, Metacognitive Knowledge and Metacognitive Strategy Use in Speaking and Listening Proficiency of Iranian EFL Learners
Author: Ghapanchi, Zargham
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Metacognition,Linguistic Competence,Listening,Speech Communication,Speech Skills,Listening Comprehension,Communicative Competence (Languages),Learning Strategies,Questionnaires,Language Tests,Language Proficiency,Correlation,Predictor Variables,English (Second Language),College Second Language Programs,Foreign Countries,Multiple Regression Analysis,College Students,Statistical Analysis

This study examined the influence of language knowledge, metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive strategy use on speaking and listening proficiency. Ninety six freshman and sophomore Iranian university students (male = 6, female = 90) were participated in the study. Two kinds of questionnaire and one language knowledge test were administered. Pearson product moment correlation was applied to find the relationship between the variables and speaking and listening proficiency. Multiple regressions were used to test the variance accounted for language knowledge, metacognitive knowledge, metacognitive strategy use in speaking and listening proficiency. The results demonstrated that all the variables correlated significantly with speaking and listening proficiency. All the variables uniquely contributed to speaking proficiency, however; in case of listening, just language knowledge and strategy use were predictors of listening proficiency. Other findings and pedagogical implication of the study are discussed.
Leadership among Secondary School Agricultural Science Teachers and Their Job Performance in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
Author: Ben, Camilus Bassey
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Agricultural Education,Secondary School Teachers,Job Performance,Teacher Leadership,Hypothesis Testing,Questionnaires,Correlation,Creativity,Human Relations,Interpersonal Communication,Interpersonal Competence,Decision Making Skills,Cognitive Ability,Health Related Fitness,Teacher Surveys,Statistical Analysis

The main purpose of this study is to investigate leadership among secondary school Agricultural Science teachers and their job performance in Akwa Ibom State. To achieve the aim of this study, three research hypotheses were generated to direct the study. Literature was reviewed based on the variables derived from the postulated hypotheses. Survey research design was adopted for the study. Four hundred (400) respondents were randomly selected for the study. The selection was done through the stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The questionnaire was the main instrument used for data collection. Pearson product moment correlation analysis was employed to test the hypotheses directing the study. The hypotheses were subjected to testing at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the analysis revealed that leadership variables such as creativity, communication competences, and human relation competences, ability to take decisions, health and fitness and intellectual capacity of Agricultural Science teachers significantly relate to their job performance.
Predicting the Attitudes and Self-Esteem of the Grade 9th Lower Secondary School Students towards Mathematics from Their Perceptions of the Classroom Learning Environment
Author: Tran, Van Dat
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Secondary School Students,Grade 9,Student Attitudes,Self Esteem,Secondary School Mathematics,Classroom Environment,Foreign Countries,Correlation,Multiple Regression Analysis,Statistical Analysis

This study reports the validity of the hypothesis that students' perceptions of the learning environment of mathematics classroom may predict their attitudes and self-esteem towards mathematics. It examines data from 487 grade 9th students from 14 mathematics classes in 7 Vietnamese lower secondary schools to identify how students' perceptions of the learning environment variables, and the extent to which these predict the attitudes and self-esteem. The results obtained from correlation and multiple regression analyses indicated that if students were satisfied with mathematics learning, and if they found their mathematics class as cohesive, then their self-esteem and attitudes towards mathematics would be positive. In contrast, if students perceived mathematics as difficult, and if they perceived the learning atmosphere as competitive, then their self-esteem and attitudes towards mathematics would be negative. The findings show that a positive learning environment should be created to promote the positive attitudes and self-esteem of students in learning.
The Role of Teacher Questions and the Socratic Method in EFL Classrooms in Kuwait
Author: Al-Darwish, Salwa
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Questioning Techniques,Teaching Methods,Second Language Instruction,English (Second Language),Elementary School Teachers,Language Teachers,Females,Comparative Analysis,English Teacher Education,Qualitative Research,Observation,Data Analysis

The present study sheds light on teaching English through two ways of questioning (Socratic &amp; Traditional) methods in Kuwaiti elementary public schools. Data were collected through a qualitative observational method. The study engaged 15 female participants, seven of whom were newly graduate English language teachers with experience in how Socratic questioning works, while the other eight teachers had &gt;10 years experience in teaching English as a foreign language. The study revealed that some new and experienced teachers encouraged their students to go further and explore beyond the topic of today's lesson. However, others used the deductive approach by stating questions and expecting certain answers because they did not comprehend or had lack of time. The present study implication is that English language teachers should be provided with more training on Socratic method of questioning to facilitate students' thinking for themselves and develop the students' mind by encouraging their natural curiosity
Effect of Availability and Utilization of Physics Laboratory Equipment on Students&apos; Academic Achievement in Senior Secondary School Physics
Author: Olufunke, Bello Theodora
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Academic Achievement,Science Instruction,Physics,Laboratory Equipment,Secondary School Students,Foreign Countries,Questionnaires,Secondary School Science,Science Laboratories,Achievement Tests,Science Teachers,Secondary School Teachers,Statistical Analysis,Science Tests

The study determined the available Physics Laboratory Equipment (PLE) for the teaching and learning of physics in senior secondary schools in Nigeria as well as the extent of utilizing the available equipment. The research design adopted for the study was descriptive survey. The sample consisted of nine hundred students who were randomly chosen and fifty Physics teachers who were purposively selected from forty five senior secondary schools in the south western region of Nigeria. Three instruments were used for the collection of data for the study. They are a self-designed questionnaire tagged &quot;Physics Laboratory Equipment Questionnaire&quot; (PLEQ) with reliability of 0.72, a checklist of Physics equipment and Physics Achievement Test (PAT) to measure students' achievement. The results showed that the optimal utilization of physics laboratory equipment is effective in the teaching of Physics. The federal schools had the maximum adequately utilized PLE and had the highest mean score, followed by the private schools while the public schools with the minimum available equipment and least utilization capacity had the minimum mean score. The study concluded that science laboratory with adequate equipment is a critical variable in determining the quality of output from senior secondary school Physics.
On Treating Intercultural Communication Anxiety of International Students in China
Author: Lu, Wei
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Anxiety,Intercultural Communication,Foreign Students,Cultural Differences,Case Studies,Cultural Awareness,College Students,Social Influences,Student Adjustment

With the policy of reform and opening-up as well as its economic development, China is recruiting more and more international students in many of its universities. Intercultural communication problems in Chinese campuses, however, have until now been seldom mentioned. This paper is an attempt to contribute something to this almost neglected issue in China. Mainly directed at international students coming to China, it has discussed the treatment of intercultural communication anxiety through introducing major aspects of the Chinese culture, cultural comparison and a case study. It is expected that this discussion would also be helpful for the Chinese teachers dealing with international students.
Primary School Teachers&apos; Comfortability with Generalised Teaching in Public Schools in Osun State, Nigeria
Author: Ojo, Olubukola Olakunbi
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Elementary School Teachers,Public Schools,Public School Teachers,Questionnaires,Teaching Methods,Elementary Schools,Elementary Education,Statistical Analysis,Generalization

The study investigated the level of comfortability, adequacy of training/skills, influence of gender and years of experience on teachers preference for specialized teaching. Survey research design was adopted, and 254 teachers in Osun state, Nigeria participated in the study. Questionnaire on advocacy for specialised teaching in public primary schools was used to elicit information from the respondents. The result showed that 52% of the teachers were not comfortable with generalised teaching. The teachers reported having competence in teaching most of the major subjects except Health education, Music, Computer studies and French (99%, 96%, 80.7% and 94% respectively). Furthermore, agreement of teachers to specialized teaching across gender showed significant difference (?[superscript 2] =15.457, p&gt;0.05), but no significant difference with years of teaching experience (?[superscript 2] = 13.362, p &lt;0.05)). It was therefore concluded that specialised subject teaching should be adopted in Nigerian primary schools.
Dewey&apos;s Concept of &quot;Experience&quot; and Its Importance to the &quot;Personal/Professional&quot; Dilemma of Teacher Education Tutoring Process
Author: Tsabar, Boaz
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Education,Supervisors,Supervision,Guidelines,Teacher Student Relationship,Teacher Education Programs,Ideology,Educational Philosophy,Administrator Role,Conflict

In the present paper, I discuss the internal conflict that accompanies the work of fellow pedagogical supervisors in teacher training institutes. Such internal conflict is manifested in the difficulty that pedagogical supervisors face in successfully integrating the subjective (the personal) and objective (the professional) dimensions of the work of pedagogical supervision. This difficulty, I argue, challenges the possibility of formulating ideological guidelines for the tutor-student relationship, and may ultimately negatively impact the quality of the teacher education process. Below I describe the complexity of the dilemma and its pedagogical implications. Subsequently, I propose a criterion for its resolution via Dewey's concept of &quot;experience&quot; which I have applied in the context of my work as a pedagogical supervisor in the Primary Education Program at Contradictory Components of Teacher Training.
From Laboratory to Authentic Contexts: Two Studies of Pedagogical Reasoning across Four Levels of Expertise
Author: Mercier, Julien
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Planning,Lesson Plans,Laboratories,Expertise,Knowledge Level,Hypothesis Testing,Cognitive Processes,Logical Thinking,Beginning Teachers,Experienced Teachers,Preservice Teachers,Special Education,Teachers,Remedial Reading,Video Technology,Protocol Analysis,Problem Solving,Statistical Analysis,Markov Processes

A cognitive model of how teachers plan instruction was validated in laboratory settings but remained to be tested empirically in authentic situations. The objective of this work is to describe and compare pedagogical reasoning in laboratory and authentic contexts and across expertise levels. The &quot;state-driven hypothesis&quot; and the &quot;knowledge-driven hypothesis&quot; were used in two studies to show how pedagogical reasoning was performed by novices and experts in laboratory (n = 18) and in authentic context (n = 14). Globally, the results show (1) similarities and differences in how pedagogical reasoning unfolds in laboratory and authentic contexts and (2) how domain knowledge influences only some aspects of this process. The work presented lays the foundations for the fine-grained study of how domain knowledge determines problem-solving in pedagogical-reasoning.
The Role of Refusal Instruction in Pragmatic Development
Author: Farrokhi, Farahman
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Direct Instruction,Pragmatics,Speech Acts,Quasiexperimental Design,Instructional Effectiveness,Second Language Instruction,Pretests Posttests

This study was set up to further investigate whether either of the instruction types, explicit vs. implicit, proves more efficient in ameliorating pragmatic performance of Iranian EFL learners. The speech act under investigation in this quasi-experimental study was refusal. Sixty Iranian learners of English as a foreign language participated in this study in which they were assigned to three groups of explicit, implicit, and control. All groups were exposed to conversations from &quot;Spectrum&quot; English books where refusals stood out. In the treatment groups it was intended to raise pragmatic awareness whereas in control group conversations acted as a source of English comprehension and production. The findings appear to prove the efficiency of explicit instruction over implicit one in boosting Iranian EFL learners' pragmatic performance.
Predictors of Errors of Novice Java Programmers
Author: Bringula, Rex P.
Date: 2012-02-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Error Patterns,Programming,Programming Languages,Predictor Variables,Statistical Analysis,Factor Analysis,Foreign Countries,College Students,Introductory Courses,Questionnaires,Student Surveys,Regression (Statistics)

This descriptive study determined which of the sources of errors would predict the errors committed by novice Java programmers. Descriptive statistics revealed that the respondents perceived that they committed the identified eighteen errors infrequently. Thought error was perceived to be the main source of error during the laboratory programming exercises. Factor analysis showed that there were five categories for the types of errors committed. Four of them were symbol- or keyword-related errors (Invalid symbols or keywords, Mismatched symbols, Missing symbols, and Excessive symbols) and the fifth one was Naming-related error (Inappropriate naming error). Regression analysis showed that Sensorimotor and Habit errors, together with Knowledge error, were found to predict Mismatched symbols and Missing symbols errors, respectively. Knowledge error was found to be the consistent source of the five types of errors. Thus, the null hypothesis stating that sources of errors do not predict errors committed by novice Java programmers is partially rejected. The implications of the findings were also discussed.
The Mode of Theoretical Knowledge and Practical Knowledge Combination: The Significance of Internship
Author: Yong, Tang
Date: 2012-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Statistical Analysis,Construction Management,Majors (Students),Training,Labor Market,Supply and Demand,College Graduates,Employment Qualifications,Qualitative Research,Interviews,Documentation,Content Analysis,Internship Programs

In China, the conflict of university talents training program and market demands is increasingly attracting public attention. In order to satisfy the markets, the graduates should have abilities of combining theoretical knowledge with practice. Aiming at the issue of combining theoretical and practical knowledge, this paper takes construction management major students in HNCU as the case to expand research. Based on quantitative study, this paper extracts 3 themes and 10 subthemes through recorded sentences and paragraphs. With further definition of each theme, this paper constructs a theoretical mode consisting of 4 stages in exhibiting the combination processes of theoretical and practical knowledge. Internship provides the platform for students to touch authentic context. Students participating in internship must learn to face random matters which less likely to happen during their traditional theory study. So in these 4 stages, internship plays key role in pulling and pushing the combination of two kinds of knowledge.
Using IRT in Determining Test Item Prone to Guessing
Author: Obinne, A.D.E.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Item Response Theory,Test Items,Guessing (Tests),Probability,Psychometrics,Science Tests,Biology,Test Wiseness,Foreign Countries

The 3-parameter model of Item Response Theory gives the probability of an individual (examinee) responding correctly to an item without being sure of all the facts. That is known as guessing. Guessing could be a strategy employed by examinees to earn more marks. The way an item is constructed could expose the item to guessing by the examinee. A study on comparison of the Psychometric properties of the Biology Examinations conducted by West African Examination Council and National Examination Council, in the year 2000, identified items that were prone to guessing.
Investigating the Impact of Computer Technology on the Teaching and Learning of Graphic Arts in Nigeria Osun State College of Education Ila-Orangun as a Case Study
Author: Abass, Bada Tayo
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Computers,Computer Uses in Education,Influence of Technology,Graphic Arts,Schools of Education,Case Studies,Foreign Countries,Questionnaires,Computer Software,Educational Technology

This paper focused on the use of computer technology in the teaching and learning of graphic arts in Nigeria colleges of Education. Osun State Colleges of Education Ila-Orangun was used as a case study. The population of the study consisted of all Graphic students in Nigeria colleges of Education. 50 subjects were used for the study while questionnaires were used to gather data. The data collected were analyzed using simple percentages. The results of the analyzed data revealed that computer technology enhanced the teaching and learning of Graphic arts. The study concluded that computer would contribute immensely to the teaching and learning of graphic arts in schools.