ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Governance of Higher Education in Malaysia and Cambodia: Running on a Similar Path?
Author: Wan, Chang Da
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Governance,Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Neoliberalism,Institutional Autonomy,Accountability,Educational Change,Ideology

Cambodia and Malaysia are two Southeast Asian countries at dissimilar levels of socio-economic development. Their higher education systems are also on different developmental paths with varying motivations driving their respective development and progress, but the governance of higher education across these two systems has one striking similarity. Both systems see neoliberal principles and ideologies as a means to guide the development and governance of higher education, while the States, to varying degrees, still exert significant control and 'guidance' over the development and institutional governance. This similarity, albeit at varying degrees, can be seen through examining the issues and challenges concerning the governance of higher education in both countries such as reforms in autonomy and accountability as well as the state-university relationship. Beyond recognising this similarity, we argue the need for considering alternative paths of development for higher education in these countries, particularly alternatives that are more suitable and appropriate for the local needs and contexts in each of the two countries.
The Culture of Institutional Governance at a University in Laos: An Ethnographic Exploration
Author: Moxom, Nanludet
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethnography,Governance,State Universities,Administrator Attitudes,Correlation,Constructivism (Learning),Institutional Autonomy,Foreign Countries,College Administration,Federal Aid,College Presidents,Educational Finance,Administrative Organization

This paper reports on an ethnographic exploration of the culture of institutional governance at one of the five public universities in Laos. Drawing on documentary materials, on-site observations made over an extended period, and semi-structured interviews conducted with 31 academic managers from across all management levels at the site institution, the paper seeks to throw light on the institution's embedded practices of internal governance, as well as on the beliefs, values and aspirations associated with those practices. A constructivist and interpretive methodology was employed to generate data. The picture to emerge is one of a university hemmed in by State controls and ideology, in which there is an overwhelmingly bureaucratic and managerial culture, and in which a governance structure that could potentially support institutional and academic autonomy does not do so. Resource constraints also contribute to the institution's limited capacity to exercise autonomy.
Effectiveness of Problem Solving Method in Teaching Mathematics at Elementary Level
Author: Behlol, Malik Ghulam
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Problem Solving,Mathematics Instruction,Elementary School Mathematics,Teaching Methods,Instructional Effectiveness,Grade 8,Public Schools,Elementary School Students,Mathematics Achievement,High Achievement,Low Achievement,Foreign Countries

The study investigates effectiveness of Problem Solving Approach (PSA) in teaching mathematics to students studying at grade 8 in public schools. Pretest-posttest equivalent group design was used to conduct this study. The researcher applied matching technique to place the students in experimental and control groups (CG).Achievement test was used as a pre-test and post-test in this study. The test was validated by the experts, and table of specification was formulated to check content validity.The study revealed that the achievement level of students taught through PSA was significantly different as compared to the performance of the students taught through traditional methods of teaching on posttest. The same was the case about the performance of high and low achievers taught through PSA. Better performance of the experimental group (EG) was inferred due to active participation, self-directed learning, and higher confidence of the students in the learning process. It is also reflected that support, facilitation and guidance on the part of teacher has also contributed to the performance of the students in the EG.
Evaluating Information Skill in Secondary School Students as a Contributor in Competency Based Education
Author: Yousaf, Amna
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Skills,Secondary School Students,Competency Based Education,Metacognition,Foreign Countries,Student Evaluation,Knowledge Level,Information Seeking

Information skill is known as a metacognitive ability. It is considered as an ability to understand the need of information, ways and sources to attain that information. It is considered to be a mandatory attribute for young learners now a days. In this era of goal oriented education, students are expected to learn this kind of skill to compete in challenging professional life. In Pakistan, competency based curriculum had been introduced and implemented in 2007. Students were assumed to be equipped with this modern skill. Major purpose of this study was to evaluate this skill in secondary school students. Instrument used for the purpose of data collection was adapted from Information literacy skills continuum, kindergarten-grade 12 (1998). Data were collected from the secondary school students of science, arts and computer science. Collected data was analyzed through SPSS by using descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that students were fully aware of information skill and they showed capability to use it.
Effects of Supervision Practices of Principals on Work Performance and Growth of Primary School Teachers
Author: Yousaf, Sh. Usman
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Teacher Supervision,Elementary School Teachers,Teacher Effectiveness,Faculty Development,Foreign Countries,Gender Differences

There is a need to investigate the effects of supervision practices of school principals on teachers' work performance and growth in Pakistani society. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the supervision practices of school managers related to staff development and its relationship with teachers' work performance and growth in primary schools. To achieve this objective, this study collected data through survey instrument from a sample of principals and teachers in Lahore, Pakistan. The results, obtained from correlation and regression analyses, revealed that supervision practices of principals related to staff development are indeed helpful in attaining better performance of teachers and their overall growth. Further, it was also found that there is not much difference between staff development practices of male and female school principals. On the other hand, the results of data analysis also found significant difference between work performance and growth of male and female school teachers. The study concluded that enhancement and polishing of principals' staff development supervision practices is of utmost importance as it significantly contributes towards the improvement in work performance and growth of school teachers.
Study Abroad Self-Selection amongst First-Year Japanese University Students
Author: Nowlan, Andrew
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Study Abroad,College Freshmen,Second Language Learning,English (Second Language),Language Proficiency,Prior Learning,Cross Cultural Training,Barriers,Student Interests,Student Participation

Applying a mixed-methods design, this study aims to generate knowledge regarding decreasing study abroad involvement amongst Japanese students. Based on data collected from a group of first-year Japanese university students, the authors propose six qualities of a predominantly willing, or self-selecting, group of study abroad participants, including 1) achievement in English-proficiency testing; 2) prior international experience and authentic cross-cultural interactions; 3) purpose and meaning connected to international experience, 4) a perception of barriers to study abroad as surmountable; 5) flexible beliefs on job hunting and lifetime employment; and 6) greater international posture. This paper concludes with a discussion on the applicability of our findings to universities across Japan and in the Asia-Pacific region. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of fostering study abroad intent in the second language classroom, thus leading to greater study abroad interest and participation.
Achieving Change in Student Assessment Policies and Practices: A Pressing Challenge for Vietnam&apos;s Higher Education System
Author: Gam, Luong Thi Hong
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Evaluation,Evaluation Methods,Comparative Education,Educational Policy,Educational Change,Ethnography,College Faculty,Teacher Education Programs,Foreign Countries,College Students

Within Vietnam's higher education system, traditional norm-referenced approaches to student assessment continue to be widely adopted. Though the system is progressively being reformed with a view to achieving comparability with leading higher education systems globally, student assessment policies and practices have so far proven to be resistant to change. This article addresses the challenge of achieving change in these policies and practices. It is informed by an ethnographic investigation of experiences with student assessment for a selected sample group of academic staff members at three significant teacher training universities in Vietnam. A framework for achieving change is proposed in light of these experiences and having regard to insights from the relevant conceptual literature.
A Comparative Study of English Language Teaching Practices at the Access Program and Public Schools
Author: Iqbal, Muhammad
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Public Schools,Diagnostic Tests,Teaching Methods,Access to Education,Language Proficiency,Control Groups,Experimental Groups,Reading Tests,Writing Tests,Pretests Posttests,Oral Language,Speech Communication,Language Tests,Program Descriptions,Program Effectiveness,Disadvantaged Youth,Secondary School Students,Foreign Countries

This study investigates English language teaching (ELT) practices used in the Access Program and public schools. Its main focus is on the effect of the Access Program and public schools ELT practices on linguistic achievement of learners. It is an experimental research in which an experimental group (Access students) was treated through Access teaching model while the controlled group (public school students) was taught through traditional method as used in public schools. All Access students and those public school students who appeared for the test to get admission in the Access Program were the population of the study. The respondents of this study were selected through cluster sampling from the Access Program and random sampling from public schools. A diagnostic test was used as a tool for data collection. The diagnostic test was comprised of two parts: written (assessing reading and writing skills) and oral (assessing listening and speaking skills) parts. It was used as pre and post-test for data collection from the respondents. Data were analyzed through SPSS using independent sample t and dependent sample t tests. There was no statistical difference between the mean scores of the Access Program and public school students in the pre-test while there was a significant statistical difference in the mean scores of the Access Program and public school students in the post-test. The Access Program students showed better linguistic competence and performance than the public school students. Hence, it can be inferred that ELT practices used in the Access Program can bring better results than those used in public schools.
Students&apos; Evaluation of Teacher Attributes: Implications for Quality in Higher Education
Author: Raza, Shaukat Ali
Date: 2018-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Evaluation of Teacher Performance,College Students,College Faculty,Educational Quality,Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Teacher Characteristics,Student Development,Professionalism,Teaching Styles,Student Motivation,Personality Traits,Teacher Student Relationship

The abstract nature of quality in higher education establishes the worth of students' perception to evaluate this quality. This study explores the perception of 960 university students from Lahore, Pakistan, regarding the attributes of their teachers in terms of student development, teacher professionalism, teaching style, student motivation, and teacher personality. Descriptive and inferential statistics have been employed to rate and compare responses obtained through an adapted 5-point Likert type scale. Students have rated teacher personality as the highest and student development as the lowest factor in order of their preference. The overall level of attributes of university teachers in respect of all the five sub-scales is found to be at a high level. The study recommends faculty development initiatives particularly for the teachers from computer sciences, IT and commerce disciplines to help them develop their listed attributes to enhance quality in higher education leading to the realization of stipulated higher education objectives.
Factors Influencing Research Culture in Public Universities of Punjab: Faculty Members&apos; Perspective
Author: Iqbal, Muhammad
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Faculty,Teacher Attitudes,Public Colleges,Foreign Countries,Teacher Researchers,School Culture,Gender Differences,Environmental Influences,Individual Characteristics,Institutional Characteristics,Work Environment

The purpose of this survey study was to know faculty members' viewpoint about factors of research culture prevalent in the public sector universities of the Punjab. Survey solicited university faculty members' opinions on a five point Likert type scale yielding quantitative data. Population of the study was comprised of all the faculty members of 18 general public sector universities. Sample was selected through multistage random sampling technique. At the first stage seven universities were selected randomly out of total 18 public sector universities. All the faculty members in the departments of Education in the sampled universities were included in the study. One hundred and sixty faculty members willingly filled out the survey questionnaire. Survey questionnaire enlisted environmental, institutional and personal factors contributing to research culture. Data were analyzed by computing mean values and standard deviation of responses on each statement. Significance of difference between male and female faculty members' opinions was tested through t-test for independent samples. None of the environmental, institutional and personal factors was found to be favorable for research culture in public sector universities of the Punjab. The results of the study indicated that institutional factors and personal factors were perceived as relatively more influential for promotion of research culture as compared to environmental factors.
Assessing Home Economics College Students&apos; Behaviour towards Sustainable Development
Author: Syed, Salma Zaidi
Date: 2018-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Behavior,Sustainable Development,Home Economics Education,Foreign Countries,College Curriculum,Undergraduate Students

Home Economics education strengthens families as the primary source of support and nurturing for individuals in a rapidly changing society, leading to sustainable lifestyles for individuals and families. Educational programmes designed for moulding public psychology towards this end are of considerable relevance within developing countries including Pakistan. This study was conducted to find out whether students of Home Economics colleges were sensitized to the concept of Sustainable Development (SD) through their own curriculum. A survey questionnaire on reported behaviours towards SD was administered to students across six Home Economics colleges in Punjab. The collected data were analysed statistically, using SPSS software (version 15). The findings confirmed that Home Economics college students showed favourable behaviours towards SD. There was no significant difference between the Mean values of SD behaviour among students of different colleges. Therefore, the study suggests that Home Economics curriculum can be a useful tool for moulding public behaviours and promoting sustainable development lifestyles in Pakistan.
A Literary Representation of Educational Transformation and Its Effect on South-Asia and Africa during British Colonization
Author: Khan, Shaheen
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Change,Foreign Policy,Social Behavior,Behavior Standards,Religion,Christianity,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Civil Rights,Females,Sex Role,Social Change,Cultural Influences,Religious Education,Role of Education,Western Civilization,Foreign Countries

Colonizers' educational system produced new seeds for cultivation of new culture. This reproduction effected the British colonies culturally and religiously especially to Arica and South Asia. The natives of two continents transformed slowly and gradually through the western education system. The Britain opened new schools in colonies to teach the natives in English language. In the result of new educational system a hybrid culture emerged which led towards resistance and transformation of the natives. It affected all the aspects of natives' lives, especially cultural and religious sides. The food, cloths, social norms and traditions also changed through the inculcation of new culture. It also affected the gender based relations and women started demand for equal rights. The changes occurred, were the result of the education introduced by the colonizers. Later on, appropriation of English language affected the natives' culture and transformed them to a large extent. Religious conversation and transformation also overshadows the natives' culture and religions. The natives' social norms and traditions changed with the passage of time. Moreover, there will be no wrong to say that education played a vital role in molding the psyche of the natives. West established superiority over East by occupying the academia. They have given blow to various theories which they generated and practiced in East. Educational transformation played a vital role to transform the world from bi-polar to uni-polar. This research paper is an investigation that to what extent the religious conversion and western education played its role in transforming the natives. How it generated independence, interdependence and dependence in the world?
Standard Based Three Dimensional Capacity Development of In-Service Secondary School Teachers
Author: Rizwan, Sidra
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Inservice Teacher Education,Secondary School Teachers,Foreign Countries,Standards,Teaching Methods,Educational Change,Educational Strategies,Educational Planning

Pakistan being a developing country is up against multifaceted problems in the field of education; and quality enhancement is one of them. The government is committed to addressing these problems, for which many reforms have been introduced over the decade. One of the reforms in this direction was the launch of National professional standards for teachers. This article focuses on the fourth professional standard i.e. instructional planning and strategies which is used as a benchmark for the capacity development of in-service teachers who were trained before the launch of these standards. This professional standard is one of the factors that contribute towards quality teaching. According to the standard teachers are trained not only to plan instruction and strategies but also to implement them in classrooms. The key aim of the study was to determine where on each dimension i.e. knowledge, attitude and skills of instructional planning and strategies do the secondary school teachers stand; and to identify the indicators of each dimension of this professional standard that require remedial actions. A gap analyses was carried out to compare the difference between the current situation of instructional planning and strategies and the expected quality according to the professional standard. The study was conducted in the four provinces and the capital territory. A sample of 400 secondary school teachers was drawn through multistage sampling. A questionnaire, Teacher Behaviours Inventory and a rating scale was developed by assigning arbitrary values to the five points on each scale, for data collection related to indicators of all the three dimensions. The indicator wise analyses of each dimension revealed the gap between expected and existing situation of instructional planning and strategies in the country. The findings identified the areas of instructional planning and strategies that desired remedial actions. On the basis of these findings it was recommended that the capacity development of in-service secondary school teachers may be carried out in the identified areas for improving the quality of instructional planning and strategies at secondary school level.
A Comparison of Students&apos; Self-Concept on the Basis of Visual Impairment and Normal Vision
Author: Jabeen, Sajida Mah
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Comparative Analysis,Self Concept,Visual Impairments,Vision,Foreign Countries,Special Education,Special Schools,Adolescents,Late Adolescents

The focus of this quantitative study was on analyzing the self-concept of the students with visual impairment in Lahore (Pakistan). A modified self-description questionnaire used by Jayne E. Stake (1992) was used to assess the six subscales (Likability, Task accomplishment, Morality, Power, Giftedness and Vulnerability) of the self-concept of the students with VI (visual impairment) and normal sight. The questionnaire was translated into Urdu to collect data from randomly selected 60 students with visual impairment from the special education schools (30 males and 30 females), and 60 students without visual impairment (30 males and 30 females) from public schools. No significant difference of self-concept was found between the students with visual impairment and students with normal sight. Only sighted students' self-concept about morality was more positive than the students with visual impairment.
An Instrumental Perspective of Higher Education in Pakistan: From Public Good to Commercial Commodity
Author: Ali, Asghar
Date: 2018-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Commercialization,Civil Rights,Privatization,Private Sector,Public Sector

Instrumental reason as a cultural ideal in the context of Pakistani higher education institutions has been analyzed in this study. Qualitative research design was adopted to conduct this content analysis. In instrumental reason, higher education is no longer seen as socially valuable knowledge, but as a private commercial commodity whereby its value is determined in terms of financial returns. Like other commodities, higher education is also considered a commercial commodity (degrees) which are sold at numerous price levels by the private higher education institutions. Which have no objective of social welfare of society, rather it has detrimental implications in terms of its repercussions like development of instrumental thought in individuals. A shift could be observed, from public interest to private interest, replacing academic, social, and ethical values by commercial considerations, and collective social equality to individual instrumental thinking.