ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Lessons from Educational Reform in Germany: One School May Not Fit All
Author: Ahrbeck, Bernd
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Educational Change,Inclusion,Disabilities,Childrens Rights,International Law,Treaties,Social Justice,Equal Education,Children,Regular and Special Education Relationship

This article describes and analyzes the debate about inclusion against the backdrop of school reform in Germany. The tiered school system has caused significant controversies during the past decades and underwent changes that often yielded ambiguous results with regards to social and educational justice. Another major change of the system is now demanded by proponents of full inclusion, using the United Nations 'Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities' (UN CRPD) as moral and legal justification. However, the very high hopes aroused by the envisaged systemic overhaul may result in disappointment. Educating &quot;all&quot; children with and without disabilities together in a &quot;school for all&quot; may not be the best way to achieve social justice. There are other, more significant factors contributing to this quest than the structure of a school system. Different structures make it possible that every child receives the learning and developmental conditions which she needs.
Teaching Phrasal Verbs More Efficiently: Using Corpus Studies and Cognitive Linguistics to Create a Particle List
Author: Spring, Ryan
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teaching Methods,Verbs,Phrase Structure,Pretests Posttests,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Psycholinguistics,Computational Linguistics,Form Classes (Languages),College Students,Foreign Countries,Instructional Materials

Phrasal verbs are important for EFL and ESL education because of their high frequency, but can be difficult for learners because of their number and polysemy. While there are a number of studies on phrasal verbs, the widening focus of such studies has left a gap between theory and practical instruction. This study improves upon previous studies related to teaching phrasal verbs through cognitive linguistics by combining the theory of event conflation with corpusbased research to create a list of phrasal verb particles and meanings that is concise and yet comprehensive enough to account for approximately 95% of common phrasal verb meanings. It also reports the results of an experiment in which learners taught with this particle list improved more on pre-/post-tests of phrasal verbs than learners that studied a list of the most common phrasal verbs as whole entities (p&lt;0.001, d=1.34). Quantitative and qualitative data presented in this study also indicate that learners taught with the particle list improved their ability to conjecture the meanings of novel phrasal verbs more effectively than learners who studied common phrasal verbs as whole units.
An Investigation on Second Language Learners&apos; Production of Conventional Expressions in L2 Pragmatics
Author: Wujiabudula, Aihemaituoheti
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Pragmatics,Vignettes,Speech Acts,Language Usage,Student Attitudes,Translation,Private Colleges,Content Analysis,College Students,Phrase Structure

This study is designed to elicit second language learners' production of conventional expressions in L2 pragmatics. A questionnaire was conducted to students who were required to write the oral responses towards 19 scenarios instead of answering the scenarios orally. In prepared scenario questionnaire, a production task was consisted of 19 scenarios, which demonstrate various speech acts. Such as, expressions of gratitude, apologies, warning, leave-taking, requests, condolences, declining offers, acceptance of offers, acceptance of request, acceptance of invitation, declining an invitation, an agreement, deflecting thanks… etc. Twenty four second grade students from Translation and interpretation department in an private university completed the questionnaires voluntarily, with no class credit and compensation available for participating in this research. No level differences were taken into consideration, and it is assumed that all participants are nonnative upper-intermediate and advanced English users. Content analysis was applied to measure the frequency and rate in production of conventional expressions.
An Experimental Documentary: Making a Case for Baird&apos;s Modernism
Author: Adedipe, Ademolawa Michael
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Literature,Literary Criticism,Postmodernism,Foreign Countries,Victorian Literature,Novels,Authors,Social Change,Social Systems,Sustainability

The refutation and the obliteration of the modernist era in Canadian literature by Robert Kroetsch and reasserted by Glen Wilmott makes it imperative to look at highly experimental literary works in the first half of the 20th century in Canada. The purpose of this paper, thus is to make a case for the inclusion Irene Bird's &quot;Waste Heritage&quot; in the repertoire of modernist works in North America. The various criticism of Canadian literature as not having a modernist era needs to be debunked. The false assertion that Canadian literature moved straight from the Victorian era to a postmodernist face is probably due to the difficulty of defining what modernism is. The evolution and the expansion of the term modernism makes it imperative for one to reappraise the creative works of Irene Bird (&quot;Waste Heritage&quot;) and Sheila Watson (&quot;Double Hook&quot;) as modernist. An attempt to include &quot;Waste Heritage&quot; in the new modernist discourse of global literature by looking at the experimental way by which Baird used documentary modernism. The sustainability of a growing modern society vis-à-vis modernism, and the resistance of capitalism in Baird's narrative would be used to make a case for Baird's modernism.
Developing ESP Reading Materials for Accounting Students
Author: Sari, Farnia
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English for Special Purposes,English (Second Language),Reading Materials,Accounting,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Reading Tests,Reading Comprehension,Formative Evaluation,Student Attitudes,Material Development,College Students,Instructional Material Evaluation,Foreign Countries

Exposing abundance of English information related to students' educational background knowledge can improve their competence in comprehending English texts. Thus, this study developed ESP reading materials for accounting students. It was aimed at finding out what kind of ESP reading materials should be developed to increase accounting students' reading skill, and examining the validity, practicality, and potential effect of the developed ESP reading materials. The product was developed by using Akker covering the phases of analysis, design, evaluation and revision. Furthermore, formative evaluation proposed by Tessmer was used. This study involved 40 students selected by using purposive technique. The data were gathered from the results of validation sheet questionnaire of content and instructional design, students' responses questionnaire, and reading comprehension test. The analysis of validation sheet questionnaire from two experts' judgement indicated that the developed product had very high validity (3.61). Meanwhile, the results of students' responses questionnaire showed that the average score in one-to-one evaluation was 3.3 and in small group evaluation was 3.5. It revealed that the product was denoted as practical in which both evaluations were in high practicality category. At last, the results of reading comprehension test showed that there was 64% of the students could pass the minimum mastery criterion. Thus, the findings indicated that ESP reading materials for accounting students can be determined had average potential effect after being implemented to the students in a real class. In other words, ESP reading materials developed in this study were potential effect enough to increase the students' reading skill.
An Intercultural Analysis of Personal Metadiscourse in English and Chinese Commencement Speeches
Author: Zhu, Yuting
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English,Chinese,Contrastive Linguistics,Discourse Analysis,Speeches,Computational Linguistics,Classification,Social Differences,Cultural Differences,Intercultural Communication,Graduation,Higher Education,Reputation

The existing metadiscourse studies on the comparison of English and Chinese language are relatively few, especially on spoken discourse. The present study examines the use of personal metadiscourse in English and Chinese commencement speeches based on Ädel's reflexive model of metadiscourse and its adaption. The corpus for this study comprises 60 commencement speeches--30 Chinese and 30 English--delivered in prestigious American and Chinese universities respectively. This study investigates (1) The similarities and differences in the use of personal metadiscourse in English and Chinese commencement speeches; (2) the possible reasons behind these similarities and differences. Qualitative and quantitative analysis indicates that American speeches feature markedly more personal metadiscourse than Chinese speeches. Textual analysis further reveals some similarities and differences in the discourse functions of personal metadiscourse between two sets of texts due to genre characteristics and social-cultural differences. The findings of this study provide some insight into the classification of Chinese metadiscourse and the awareness of cross-cultural communication.
Errors in Translation: A Comparative Study of Noun Phrase in English and Malay Abstracts
Author: Zamin, Ainul Azmin Md
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Error Analysis (Language),Nouns,Indonesian Languages,Translation,Error Patterns,Grammar,Documentation,Doctoral Dissertations,Graduate Students,Contrastive Linguistics,English (Second Language),Phrase Structure,Semantics,Syntax,Teaching Methods,Language Proficiency,Foreign Countries

Abstract as a summary of a dissertation harbours important information where it serves to attract readers to consider reading the entire passage or to abandon it. This study seeks to investigate the &quot;backward translation&quot; of abstracts made by 10 randomly selected postgraduate students. This research serves as a guideline for students in composing their abstracts as it aims to compare the differences in noun phrase structure written in Malay as translated from English. It also analyses the types of errors when English noun phrases are translated to Malay. Preliminary findings from this pilot study found that translation errors committed were mainly inaccurate word order, inaccurate translation, added translation, dropped translation and also structure change. For this study, an exploratory mode of semantic analysis is applied by looking at noun phrases, the meaningful group of words that form a major part of any sentence, with the noun as the head of the group. Syntax is inevitably interwoven in the analysis as the structure and grammatical aspects of the translations are also analysed. They are examined by comparing English texts to its corresponding translation in the Malay language. Particularly relevant in this study is the need to emphasize on the semantics and syntax skills of the students before a good translation work can be produced. Language practitioners can also tap on translation activities to improve the learners' language competency
Integrating Cultural Activities in the Algerian Language Classroom: On the Move Textbook
Author: Nadera, Boukhatem
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,English (Second Language),Cultural Awareness,Teaching Methods,Intercultural Communication,Middle School Students,Language Teachers,Teacher Attitudes

Language and culture are two inseparable entities. Therefore, learning a language is at once learning the culture of the people using it.One's mastery of the linguistic elements of a language does not guarantee a person can communicate through it. Cultural understanding is obligatory. This paper discusses the various finding and ideas on the integration of culture into a foreign language teaching. Its focus is to highlight the importance, existence, impact, and the techniques of integrating cultural elements into the teaching of English as a foreign language.
Implementing Poetry in the Language Class: A Poetry-Teaching Framework for Prospective English Language Teachers
Author: Gönen, Safiye Ipek Kuru
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Poetry,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,English (Second Language),Language Teachers,Teaching Methods,Guidelines,Teacher Education Programs,Microteaching,Recall (Psychology),Student Teachers,Student Teacher Attitudes,Student Motivation,Skill Development,Teacher Educators,Foreign Countries,Creativity,Media Selection

Poetry has often been neglected as a favorable tool for language teaching. What is more, its role to expand human experience and create language awareness has not been fully realized. As a reaction to often-underestimated value of including literature in the language class, this article proposes a poetry-teaching (POT) framework for language practitioners to bridge the gap between literature and language teaching methodology. Step-by-step procedure followed in the framework aimed at helping prospective teachers incorporate poetry into language teaching, while at the same time offering various materials and activities to be used in their future teaching practices. The proposed framework was presented to 21 student teachers at an English Language Teaching (ELT) department of a state university in Turkey to help them integrate the ideas of using poetry in a micro-teaching context. Prospective teachers acted both as learners and teachers while following the steps of the suggested framework, and reflected on this experience through reflective diaries and stimulated recalls of their teaching performances. They also took part in semi-structured interviews at the end of the study. Qualitative analyses revealed that poetry can have a place in language teaching by using a systematic and guided framework tailored to the features of a language classroom. With the help of the proposed framework, implementing poetry in the language class helped to promote motivation, creativity and self-expression along with multi-skill development and interaction among learners. However, incorporating poetry into the language class was challenging in terms of time and effort required and difficulties in material selection and design. This study suggests that poetry can become part of language teacher education. In this regard, this article proposes implications for teachers and teacher educators for the implementation of poetry in language teaching practice.
Investigating More Effective and Less Effective EFL Learners&apos; Attitudes and Motivational Orientation
Author: Halvaei, Mohammadreza Yousefi
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Course Descriptions,Foreign Countries,Student Attitudes,Student Motivation,Graduate Students,Attitude Measures,Learning Motivation,Learning Processes,Teaching Methods,Instructional Materials,Correlation

The present study investigated the differences in attitudes and motivation between more effective and less effective learners studying at the first year of graduate university program. Based on this aim, first, the researcher developed the three-part 35-item attitude-motivation questionnaire of the present study based on the AMTB developed by Gardner (1985). Second, he selected 441 students (224 male &amp; 217 female) studying at the first year of their graduate program at universities in East Azarbayjan province (Iran) as the participants of the study. Third, he administered the questionnaire of the study to the selected participants and asked them to complete it. Finally, he analyzed the data of the study in order to answer the mentioned research questions. The chi-square test was utilized to analyze the collected data of the study. The results of the study showed that there were significant differences between more effective and less effective learners' attitudes and motivation. Based on the results of the study, it was argued that, the EFL syllabus designers and teachers should help the learners to become aware of their attitudes, and motivational orientations. Furthermore, they should make an effort to tailor classroom materials and classroom teaching to the EFL learners' individual differences.
The Critical Perspective of English Language Testing and Assessment within Framework of Elana Shohamy
Author: Siddiqui, Ali
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Language Tests,Learning Processes,Guidelines,Test Bias,Social Influences,Power Structure,Test Use,Semitic Languages,Foreign Countries,Second Language Instruction,Testing

The language assessments and testing are the crucial aspects of teaching and learning processes. Therefore, the following study is aimed to focus on these two most important aspects with refer to a critical view on its practical aspect that is after passing through a tactful teaching process. The crucial notion of practicing language assessments as well as testing towards a critical sense was initiated by Elana Shohamy in her critical works. It was after her thorough observations and experimentations of testing within various learning disciplines, the present study is designed as a review on some of particular testing structures that has been observed under influence of power, hegemony and biasedness with respect to social elements that encounters it. Therefore, it is quite necessary to highlight a prospective of Elana Shohamy, who has tried her best to arrange a valuable platform in order to discuss the related issues critically regarding testing procedures. In the end, reasons provided by Elana Shohamy has been highlighted that can verily show that test itself cannot be a fully trusted authority. It can be a challenging aspect at any rate that could be dealt accordingly in order to restore its very nature of being neutral in every respect.
Popular Science Discourse Development in the Cyberspace
Author: Egorova, Liudmila A.
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Popular Culture,Audio Equipment,Hypermedia,Science Education,Scientific Research,Interpersonal Communication,Authors,Periodicals,Intercultural Communication,College Faculty,Undergraduate Students,Teacher Attitudes,Student Attitudes

Popular science sphere of communication is acquiring new features of virtuality, globality, mosaic structure and social orientation, which are essential in fulfilling its functions in modern society. Based on the examination of 92 podcasts, the study deals with podcasting research identifying typical characteristics of the podcast and factors contributing to the spread of podcasting in the popular scientific hypermedia communication. The survey showed that increasing popularity of the podcast in the popular scientific sphere is explained by several factors. First, informing the user becomes more accessible, quicker and easier. Secondly, the listener takes part in interpersonal communication not with a virtual author, but with a real person, gets the opportunity to make his own conclusions based on sounding speech, which is more expressive, emotional, and has a strong impact on the addressee. Thirdly, most podcasts are interviews and discussions, which facilitates the perception and processing of new information making it more structured by means of questions, paraphrasing, exemplification, clarifications, etc. Analysis of the Nature publication podcast helped single out structural features that allow a podcast to function in a hypermedia environment as an independent multimodal node. The conclusions about the emergence of new virtual environment for intercultural interaction and cooperation were made.
Authentic Materials--A Natural Resource for Developing Academic English
Author: Bére-ová, Jana
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Academic Discourse,Instructional Materials,Cultural Awareness,College Students,Student Attitudes,Written Language,Task Analysis,Comparative Analysis,Literature,Critical Thinking,Newspapers,Reading Processes,Writing (Composition),Persuasive Discourse,Foreign Countries,Teaching Methods,Learning Processes

The approach to language learning as a way of coming to understand target culture and its impact on target language is reflected in the concept of teaching and learning languages through the integration of intercultural capabilities. The concept will be supported by a number of examples taken from authentic materials language learners have encountered in target language contexts, predominantly gaining experience through reading authentic materials. The paper presents the ideas of university students who carried out their own projects within and after research run by Trnava University, the representatives of which actively participated in a three-year project, supported by the VEGA funding scheme under number 1/0106/15. Twenty-two students who participated in our experiment were asked to analyze formal English in its written mode, searching for characteristic features of formal writing, used in contemporary English. After the completion of the first task related to the selection of appropriate samples, the students were expected to compare the quality of authentic materials received through technologies and that achieved from reading contemporary literary prose, newspapers and academic texts. The idea behind this task was to help university students to be able to critically assess other people's ideas and arguments, to apply critical thinking when reading, to evaluate authentic materials and to achieve the ability to construct effective arguments in formal writing.
An LFG Analysis of Gapping Constructions in Taif Arabic
Author: Alzaid, Muhammad Swaileh A.
Date: 2018-10-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Semitic Languages,Language Variation,Grammar,Syntax,Structural Analysis (Linguistics),Foreign Countries

We identify and propose an analysis in LFG of Gapping construction in Taif &quot;Hijazi&quot; Arabic (TA). Gapping occurs in a coordination structure where the initial conjunct is syntactically complete and the non-initial conjunct is incomplete. To my knowledge, there is no previous description or analysis of gapping in TA. There have been two competing analyses in the literature on gapping, which view gapping as a result of a trace of movement and non-constituent coordination. In this paper, we show that none of these approaches succeeds to account for Gapping in TA, and hence, they fail to capture the facts of gapping in this Arabic dialect. Instead, we adopts a function-spreading approach within Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG), and show how it is able to account for the facts of gapping in TA, using mechanisms proposed independently for other construction types.