ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Assignments&apos; Assessment for Distance Learners in Single vs Dual Mode Institutions
Author: Akhter, Nasreen
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Assignments,Distance Education,Tutors,Foreign Countries,Open Universities,Virtual Universities,Comparative Analysis,Conventional Instruction

Most of learning of distance learners took place because of assignments that learners prepare following the given schedule. On the other hand, assignments are also a component of formative assessment process in assessment of distance learners. Present study was an attempt to discuss and evaluate the role and skill of personnel and institutions regarding different aspects of assessment of assignments to search out shortcomings in the process. This was a questionnaire based survey study. Respondents of this study were 625 distance learners from one single mode and two dual mode universities in Punjab. It concluded that institutions need attention to promote positive traditions among distance learners and tutors to establish and implement standard rules for quality evaluation of assignments. All distance education institutions are not meeting the criteria to evaluate assignments of learners. Assignment evaluation in teacher education courses was poor as compared to science and arts subjects. Dual mode institutions were performing better than single mode distance education institutions.
Information and Communication Technology in Learning Physics at Secondary School Level in Pakistan
Author: Khurshid, Khalid
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Technology,Science Instruction,Physics,Secondary School Science,Secondary School Students,Foreign Countries,Secondary School Teachers,Science Teachers

Schools throughout the world are faced with the challenge of developing teaching approaches which can take advantage of new technologies and integrate these into the learning experiences of future generations. In developed countries, this has moved forward rapidly. However, in developing countries, the pace of change has been held back by inadequate resources. In all countries, teachers have had to develop new skills while, in many countries, the school students are often far more advanced than their teachers in the skills of using smart boards, smart phones, iPads and laptops. This study explores the issues relating to the use of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in Physics in secondary schools in Pakistan and, working with large samples, the perceptions, experiences and aspirations of teachers and students were surveyed by means of questionnaires and interviews. The findings showed a clear picture where teachers were enthusiastic to embrace the new technologies although they were not fully aware of the potential in all areas. It was essential that adequate resources are made available to teachers in their own teaching areas and not in central locations while training issues involved technical expertise as well as credible pedagogical expertise was necessary. There were clearly considerable inequalities across the two main school sectors and there was a pressing need to reduce curriculum overload and the over-emphasis on memorization and recall, allowing the teachers and students to engage with an understanding of the materials being studied.
Secondary School Students&apos; Socio Economic Status, Mathematics Self-Concept and Achievement Goal Orientations: A Correlational Investigation
Author: Hussain Ch., Abid
Date: 2017-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Secondary School Students,Socioeconomic Status,Mathematics Instruction,Self Concept,Academic Achievement,Goal Orientation,Correlation,Secondary School Mathematics,Foreign Countries

This study was aimed at finding relationship among students' mathematics Self-concept, Socio Economic Status (SES) and Achievement Goal Orientations (AGOs) at secondary level in Punjab. The population of study included secondary school students in the Punjab province. The sample was selected through multi-stage random sampling technique. An adapted questionnaire was used to get responses about achievement goal orientation of students. Mathematics Self-concept scale by Marsh (1948) was used to know students' academic self-concept. &quot;Socio Economic&quot; Status was assessed through different demographic variables. Through SPSS, Pearson correlation coefficient was run to calculate correlation among students' self-concept in mathematics, SES, and their AGOs. Results showed significant correlation between students' self-concept in mathematics and their AGOs. Correlation between SES and AGOs of students was not significant. On the basis of findings, it was recommended that teachers should use instructional strategies which tend to improve students' mathematics &quot;self-concept&quot; to make them mastery goal oriented.
A Comparative Study on Prospective Teachers&apos; Disposition about Instructional Planning and Strategies in Universities of Punjab
Author: Shoaib, Almas
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Planning,Educational Strategies,Teacher Effectiveness,Comparative Analysis,Preservice Teachers,Student Attitudes,Gender Differences,Personality Traits,Foreign Countries,Teaching Methods,Correlation,Teacher Education Programs,Masters Programs,Graduate Students,Scores,Academic Achievement,Age Differences

The most vital skills needed for effective teaching is instructional planning and strategies (Martel, 2009).This research was aimed to study and compare prospective teachers' disposition about instructional planning and strategies (DIPS) in universities of Punjab. Two stage random sampling technique was used to select the sample, therefore nine hundred and sixty prospective teachers from six public universities comprised the sample of the study. Quantitative approach used survey method through an adopted self-reported scale. Data was analyzed by using different statistical techniques i.e. frequency distribution, independent samples t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation and linear regression applied to find out the variations in prospective teachers' disposition about instructional planning and strategies on the basis of demographical variables. The findings of the study comprised that majority of prospective teachers had moderate magnitude of dispositions of instructional planning and strategies. In addition, the prospective teachers' DIPS vary among different public universities of the Punjab and their gender and but it does not vary due to teaching practice.
Perceptions of Secondary School Teachers Regarding the Role of Education in Social Conflict Resolution
Author: Iqbal, Khalid
Date: 2017-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Secondary School Teachers,Teacher Attitudes,Role of Education,Conflict Resolution,Foreign Countries,Conflict,Males

Social conflicts are the unavoidable and undeniable phenomena of human life. At the same time, resolution of these conflicts is also indispensable. Social conflicts resolution demands for untwisted analytical competency. Education is seen to be a cornerstone in the process of social conflicts resolution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the perceptions of secondary school teachers about the role of education regarding social conflict resolution. The objectives of the study were; to sensitize the teachers about the social conflicts and their resolution and to investigate the role of education in addressing the resolution of the social conflicts. All the male secondary school teachers of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa constituted the population of this study. A sample of 560 teachers was selected randomly. Data was collected from the teachers of eight districts out of the total 25 districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa i.e. Peshawar, Nowshera, Mardan, Abbottabad, Swabi, Kohat, Swat, and Dera Ismail Khan. Data was collected through a self-developed questionnaire. The raw data was organized, tabulated, analyzed and interpreted by using chi square and percentage. It was found that education regarding social conflicts resolution did not exist formally in our education system and did not provide/inculcate practical skills for the social conflict resolution. Teachers were also not trained in social conflicts resolution skills. Our education department has neither arranged any type of workshops on the social conflicts resolution nor conducted any dialogue/discussion etc. among the students about the social conflicts resolution. Recommendations were made in the light of the findings.
Psychological Effects of Excessive Administrative Visits on Teachers&apos; Performance
Author: Ali, Akhtar
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Teacher Evaluation,Observation,Foreign Countries,Psychological Patterns,Teacher Attitudes,Anxiety,Stress Variables,Rural Urban Differences,Administrators,Gender Differences

The process of inspection is not new in education; it is used to monitor teachers' performance which is dated back to the colonial period. Due to increase in number of schools, teachers, and students it was observed that multiple vigilance techniques are being used to cope with the problems such as absenteeism from duties, lack of professionalism, and degradation in teaching but certain psychological effects due to excessive visits have also been reported by teachers. Educators' complaints signify that excessive monitoring is yielding depression on their performance. The study aimed to analyze &quot;the psychological effects of excessive administrative visits on teachers' efficiency&quot;. The simple random sampling technique for selecting 371 teachers from the secondary schools from Bahawalpur area was used. The researcher collected the feedback of teachers regarding excessive administrative visits and its psychological repercussion by using a self-designed questionnaire, on 5 points Likert scale. Cronbach alpha reliability of the tool was 0.915. Data were analyzed by two ways. First of all its mean scores and measures of dispersion (standard deviation) was calculated. The independent sample t-test was applied on the respondents' data. For multiple comparisons of different variables, one way ANOVA was applied on the data. The findings showed that psychological effects like fire out, lack of interest, conversion to other profession, anxiety, depression, overburden, etc exist among teacher due to excessive administrative visits, which may affect teachers' efficiency.
Investigating the Intentions, Self-Efficacy and Motivators behind Entrepreneurial Decisions of Business Students
Author: Raza, Shaukat Ali
Date: 2017-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intention,Self Efficacy,Entrepreneurship,Graduate Students,Masters Degrees,Business Administration Education,Business Schools,Decision Making,Foreign Countries

The study investigated the intentions, self-efficacy and motivators behind entrepreneurial decisions of business students. A self-constructed 39-items questionnaire was used to collect the data from a convenient sample of 250 students of MBA program from the business schools of 02 public and 02 private universities of Lahore. Mean scores, standard deviations and correlations were calculated and one-sample t-test and independent samples t-test were employed to analyze the data. Students rated self-efficacy at the top followed by intensions, and motivators leading to their entrepreneurial decisions. A significant higher emphasis on intentions, self-efficacy and motivators was found in making the entrepreneurial decisions by the business students from public sector universities against those from private sector. No such significant difference was found in case of gender of the respondents. The study recommended especially the private sector business schools to put extended efforts to develop intensions, self-efficacy and motivators of their students up to the highest level to help them make entrepreneurial decision.
Environmental Awareness among Trainee Teachers at Tertiary Level in Pakistan: Need, Scope, Challenges and Opportunities
Author: Sultan, Sohaib
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Preservice Teachers,Conservation (Environment),Climate,Change,Knowledge Level,Environmental Education,Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Likert Scales,Student Attitudes,Pretests Posttests

The Environmental Awareness is a part of Millennium Development Goals by United Nations. Huge research work is being done on Environmental Science under the charter of United Nations to highlight threats to humanity under two famous domains Climate Change and Global Warming. Our religion also focuses on the importance of Environmental Education. The study focused to assess the perception of Trainee Teachers towards Environmental Awareness at Tertiary Level of Education in Pakistan and to compare the performance of control and experimental group of trainee teachers on Environmental Awareness at Tertiary Level. Mixed method techniques were applied to obtain the results. Two groups of 30 Trainee Teachers in each group from Federal College of Education, Islamabad were taken as the sample of the study for experiment. The questionnaire was developed on five point Likert scale. It was found that level of Environmental Awareness was very high in the results of Post Test as compared to Pre Test results. It was recommended that the Environmental Awareness should be made compulsory part of Tertiary Education.
Analyzing Common Errors in English Composition at Postgraduate Level in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Pakistan)
Author: Jamil, Sajid
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Grammar,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Writing (Composition),Error Patterns,Error Analysis (Language),Language Usage,Graduate Students,Language of Instruction,Check Lists,Essays,Writing Evaluation

The present study was conducted to identify and classify the most common errors committed by students at postgraduate level in English writing skill. English is considered as second language for Pakistani students. It is used as medium of instruction in many universities in Pakistan. The main focus of the study was to investigate L2 learners' errors in writing skill. To achieve the objective of the study, data from 90 students were obtained from six institutes of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Fifteen participants were selected randomly from each institute, studying at postgraduate level at the department of English. Sample students were assigned to write essay of 250 to 300 words on one of the three given topics: My Favourite Season, An Unforgettable Incident of my Life, and My Hobby. For identifying common errors in L2 writing, the students' writings were analyzed with the help of checklists in order to classify different types of errors made by the respondents. The results of the study revealed that the most common and frequent errors made by the students were of verb tense, spelling, inappropriate use of vocabulary and subject/verb agreement.
Subjective Stance, Embedded Ideological Clues and Social Representations in Schimmel&apos;s Interpretations: A Critical Discourse Enquiry
Author: Chishti, Muhammad Ilyas
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Poetry,Ideology,Social Influences,Cues,Discourse Analysis,Language Usage,Muslims,Islamic Culture

The study was an enquiry into the subjective stance, ideological clues and social representations within Schimmel's interpretive discourse on Sufi poetry. Evident discursive construction may well be witnessed through ideological clues embedded within analysis of Sufi poetry, diverse social representations and investigation of the level of adequacy in Schimmel's reconstruction of local culture. Application of linguistic tools of Critical Discourse Analysis to Schimmel's works may well be considered as a significant dimension within Sufi discourse as the CDA tools provide requisite insights into diverse discursive constructions at various fronts. Another significant dimension pertains to a Western scholar's inclination towards Sufi poetry which makes it a study worth investigating. Fair clough's three-dimensional model with textual, discursive and social dimensions was applied to a selected text from Schimmel's &quot;Mystical Dimensions of Islam.&quot; The study witness edvarious linguistic clues pertaining to subjective stance on the part of Schimmel, evident ideological clues and marked social representations embedded within folk traditions, diverse Sufi practices and local cultural cues. Schimmel while maneuvering through various linguistic tools acquired prominence within her interpretive discourse which was indicative of a considerably adequate reconstruction of local culture within her linguistic investigation of Sufi poetry.
Impact of Gender, Qualification and Experience on Mentoring Practices in Public Sector Universities of Islamabad
Author: Hina, Quratul Ain
Date: 2017-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Faculty,Mentors,Gender Differences,Teacher Qualifications,Employment Experience,Teaching Experience,Faculty Development

This research was primarily designed to assess the difference in mentoring practices used by the management of universities on the basis of gender, academic qualification, professional qualification and job experience. The research has also focused on the development of a plan of action to implement mentoring programme for the universities of Islamabad. The population of the study was consisted on the 13 public sector universities of Islamabad. 5323 faculty members were serving in these 13 universities. By using convenient sampling technique 95 faculty members were selected for data collection. Data was collected through the use of a questionnaire based on 14 items. The data revealed that there was no statistically significant difference related to mentoring practices on the basis of gender, academic qualification and professional qualification. However there was significant difference in mentoring practices on the basis of job experience. The data shows that the employees having experience from 4 to 6 years were more responsive towards the mentoring practices as compared to the employees having more than 6 years of experience or having less than 4 years of experience. It was revealed that new employees were not getting assistance in developing research article, research activities, formal presentations, and locating teaching aids. It was recommended that the university management may allocate special week, days or hours specifically for the guidance of the newcomers in which they may interact with each other and with the senior members at a tea party or in an informal get together.
Exploring Karl Marx Conflict Theory in Education: Are Pakistani Private Schools Maintaining Status Quo?
Author: Omer, Sonia
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Marxian Analysis,Social Theories,Educational Theories,Conflict,Private Schools,Politics of Education,Foreign Countries,Social Change,Social Class,Social Differences,Power Structure

Social class inequality is deeply rooted in our society. All spheres of life are subjected to this disparity even educational institutions are no exception. Different sociologists have explored underlying factors behind this phenomenon. One of the most prominent figures among these is Karl Marx who believed that between the two classes (ruling and the subject); first one remains on same positions due to economic superiority over the years as compared to the proletariat who experience restricted social mobility. Keeping in mind the existing educational structure based on class position as determined by Karl Marx theory, this study aims to see whether private schools are maintaining status quo in Pakistani society or not. In this regard, secondary data regarding key position holders (Matric.) of Board of Intermediate and Secondary Education (BISE) Lahore was obtained (last 5 years) and an overview of public and private schools fees and amenities was given on the basis of observation. Preliminary findings of the study suggest that private schools have been successful in establishing a status quo in education system of Pakistani society. This phenomenon is quite relevant to Karl Marx conflict theory which confirms that power group has access to resources and life chances which unprivileged have not. It is social class which determines the choice of educational institution and consequently future success. This study presents the true depiction of existing educational inequality in Pakistan and will help to re-initiate a debate for policy makers to overcome the educational inequalities in Pakistani education system.
Initiatives, Efforts and Research Based Theoretical Model for Literacy Enhancement in Punjab (Pakistan)
Author: Saira Hamid, Syeda
Date: 2016-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Literacy,Sustainable Development,Literacy Education,Program Effectiveness,Barriers,Adult Literacy,Resource Allocation,Financial Support,Educational Policy,Supervision,Teacher Competencies

Literacy is considered an important instrument for sustainable development of any country. Pakistan during the past six decades has achieved steady increase in economic growth and development particularly in education, a key sector in social sphere. As the study was focused on, the initiatives for literacy efforts in Punjab (Pakistan) so it evaluated the literacy efforts in Punjab through various programs and projects to enhance the literacy rate in past. The objectives of the study were: i) to evaluate the past efforts made in the field of literacy in Punjab. ii) to point out the weaknesses of past efforts in the field of literacy in Punjab. iii) to formulate a research based theoretical model for increasing literacy efforts in Punjab. The weaknesses and bottlenecks and gaps about the various programs and projects were also pointed out to improve the literacy rate at fast. In the light of findings the researcher developed a theoretical model for literacy elevation in the Punjab. If the model is implemented at gross root level can enhance the literacy rate in real sense.
Secondary School Teachers&apos; Perceptions of Their Principals&apos; Leadership Behaviors and Their Academic Performance at Secondary School Level
Author: Munir, Farhat
Date: 2016-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Secondary School Teachers,Teacher Attitudes,Principals,Instructional Leadership,Teacher Administrator Relationship,Academic Achievement,Faculty Development,Public Schools,Private Schools,Foreign Countries,Leadership Styles,Questionnaires,Transformational Leadership,Grade 10

A number of factors contribute to the academic performance of the teachers and teachers' perceptions of their principals' leadership behaviors are one of them. To raise the academic performance of teachers, every progressive country invests expansive resources and huge budget on teachers' professional development programs all over the world. Nevertheless, the situation is yet not that improved as in UK where 90% of participant teachers in such programs consider these programs not very effective. Thus, it is suggested that the teachers' education programs should undergo a paradigm shift from the conventional framework merely focusing on the imparting skills to the issues perceived by the teachers. This was a quantitative study conducted to see the relationship between teachers' perceptions about their principals' leadership behaviors and their academic performance. A sample of 2350 teachers of public and private secondary schools was selected from 235 schools of three districts (Lahore, Kasoor, Sheikhupura) through stratified random sampling. Teachers' perceptions were identified through Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire -- 5x Rater Form, developed by Bass and Avolio in 1995 and revised in 2004. Teachers' perceptions came out as one of the most important determining factor of their academic performance. Therefore the study suggests that the teachers' perceptions of leadership behaviors must be taken into account while designing any training program for their professional development to make them more effective.