ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Applications of Kelly's Personal Construct Theory to Vocational Guidance
Author: Paszkowska-Rogacz, Anna
Date: 2012-07-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Career Guidance,Personality Theories,Comparative Analysis,Classification,Occupations,College Students

This paper outlines selected applications of Kelly's Personal Construct Theory to vocational guidance. The authors elicited personal constructs using the Rep Test (Role Construct Repertory Test) and compared them with Holland's occupational typology. The sample (N = 136, F = 85, M = 51, average age of 21.97) was composed of students of various universities in Lodz, Poland. Two diagnostic methods were used: the Vocational Preference Questionnaire Job-6 and a Rep Test focused on job-related constructs. The authors used multi-dimensional scaling to analyze and visualize the results. The results show that the application of Kelly's Personal Construct Theory to vocational guidance is a valuable approach, which affords results complementary to those obtained with questionnaire-based methods. (Contains 6 figures.)
Learning Styles: Where's the Evidence?
Author: Rohrer, Doug
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Evidence,Cognitive Style,Instructional Effectiveness,Classroom Techniques,Individualized Instruction,Teaching Methods,Literature Reviews

Whereas modern medicine owes much of its success to its reliance upon evidence-based treatments, most popular techniques of instruction have not been subjected to thorough empirical scrutiny. A particularly glaring and costly result of this, we argue, is the wide acceptance of the idea that instruction should be tailored to a student's so-called &quot;learning style.&quot; For example, students might be divided into visual learners and verbal learners (on the basis of a learning style test given to each student) and then provided with instruction that emphasizes pictures or words, respectively. The visual-verbal distinction is only one simple example of the many proposed taxonomies; a recent review described 71 different schemes. Given this advocacy by academics and the ensuing heartfelt praise of educators, tailoring instruction to students' style is now a prevalent and profitable enterprise. However, as we and others have pointed out, a thoughtful review of the data provides no support for style-based instruction.
Information on the Activities of the Counselogical Association
Author: Kargul, Jozef
Date: 2012-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,International Cooperation,Professional Associations,Institutional Mission,Institutional Characteristics,Knowledge Management,Institutional Advancement,Group Membership,Organizational Objectives,Organizational Theories,Administrative Organization,Activities,Counseling Services,Counselors

In Poland, there has established a new sub-discipline of social science that is being labeled as counselogy and created by Alicja Kargulowa. The main research object of counselogy is counselling, broadly understood, and therefore, counselogy deals with the analysis of psychological counselling, career counselling, family counselling, marriage counselling, education counselling, bank counseling, etc. This text contains information on establishing the elitist Counselogical Association. There are the counselogists and counselling researchers among the members of this association. A regular member may be a physical person holding an academic rank of at least Ph.D. The mission of this association is research activity: initiating research projects, conducting international cooperation with academic centres, integrating counselogy experts, popularizing knowledge of counselogy by organizing conferences and emitting publications and cooperation with practitioners to introduce innovations into counselling.
Dichotomous Thinking Leads to Entity Theories of Human Ability
Author: Oshio, Atsushi
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Cognitive Style,Stereotypes,World Views,Theories,Intelligence,Ability,Factor Analysis,Correlation,Undergraduate Students,Foreign Countries

Previous research has indicated that dichotomous thinkers have stereotypic and rigid views of others. This study focuses on the world-view of dichotomous thinkers from the perspective of entity vs. incremental theory. Study 1 explored the relationship between dichotomous thinking and the IPTM (implicit person theory measure) (Dweck, Chiu, &amp; Hong, 1995). Two hundred and forty-eight Japanese undergraduates completed the DTI (dichotomous thinking inventory) and the IPTM. A significant positive relationship between the variables was found. Study 2 explored the relationship between the DTI and another measure assessing the degree to which participants endorsed implicit theories. Three hundred and eleven Japanese undergraduates completed the DTI and the SITI (scale of implicit theory of intelligence) (Mori, Ishida, Shimizu, &amp; Tominaga, 2001). Factor analysis of the SITI revealed four factors: smartness, efficiency, clear-headedness, and grade and knowledge. Correlation analyses indicated that people who think dichotomously tend to deem human abilities to be more innate. (Contains 5 tables.)
Attachment Styles among Bullies, Victims and Uninvolved Adolescents
Author: Koiv, Kristi
Date: 2012-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: At Risk Persons,Adolescents,Attachment Behavior,Bullying,Victims,Anxiety,Peer Relationship,Scores,Psychological Patterns,Foreign Countries

Attachment theory provides a frame for understanding the role of attachment styles in the development of bullying behaviour in adolescence. The present study examined attachment styles (secure, avoidant and anxious/ambivalent) that differentiated bullies, victims, bully/victims and uninvolved adolescents. A total of 1,921 students (1,006 girls and 915 boys) in grades four through nine (ages 10 to 18 years old) completed a peer-reported measure (peer nomination inventory: D. G. Perry, Kusel, &amp; L. C. Perry, 1988) to determine the status of bullying behaviour (bullies N = 178; victims N = 168; and bully/victims N = 16) and a self-reported measure to examine attachment style (multiple-item attachment scale: Simpson, 1990). A one-way ANOVA indicated that: (1) Bullies had higher scores in avoidant attachment scales than victims and non-participants of bullying; and (2) Victims demonstrated higher levels of insecure attachment than bullies and uninvolved adolescents. Findings reflected the role of insecure attachment as a risk factor in the development of bullying behaviour in adolescence--bullies were at risk when their current attachment styles were avoidant and victims when their attachment styles were insecure. (Contains 3 tables.)
Stressful Life Events and Psychosomatic Symptoms among Students Smokers and Non-smokers
Author: Dodaj, Arta
Date: 2012-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adjustment (to Environment),Smoking,Adolescents,Age,Psychology,Health Conditions,Psychosomatic Disorders,Psychological Patterns,Stress Variables,Symptoms (Individual Disorders),College Students,Foreign Countries,Comparative Analysis,Questionnaires,Social Isolation,Academic Failure,Factor Analysis

The objective of this study is to analyze the rate of stressful life events and psychosomatic symptoms among students smokers and non-smokers and examine the predictive contribution of stress and smoking to subjective health status. Methods were conducted on a convenience sample of 200 students from the University of Mostar, with a median age of 21 (inter-quartile range, three). Exposure to stress was determined using the scale of stressful life events, which assesses social alienation, time pressure, academic failure, everyday social conflicts and academic maladjustment. Psychosomatic symptoms were explored by the questionnaire of psychosomatic symptoms, which assesses gastrointestinal, dermatological, musculoskeletal, pseudoneurological, cardiovascular, flu and cold symptoms. Students were divided into a group of smokers and non-smokers. A group of non-smokers consisted of 101 students who had never smoked, while group of smokers consisted of 99 students who smoke at least three cigarettes per day. The significant differences of results in stressful live events between smokers and non-smokers were obtained for the subscales of social alienation, academic failure and everyday social conflicts. Smokers differed from non-smokers in rate of gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular symptoms and the symptoms of flu and cold. Exposure to stressful life events and smoking were significant predictors of psychosomatic symptoms. The results showed that stressful life events related to academic failure and social relation were important variables in understanding the smoking. Subjective psychological and physical symptoms were most frequently prevalent in smokers compared to non-smokers. Exposure to stressful life events and smoking predicted difficulties in psychological subjective health status. (Contains 7 tables.)
The Research of Sunshine Sports to Psychologically Healthy to Shanghai University Students
Author: Huang-sheng, Kong
Date: 2012-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mental Health,Vocational Schools,Control Groups,Experimental Groups,Comparative Analysis,Questionnaires,Physical Health,Health Promotion,College Students

This article used self-reporting inventory, self-test questionnaire, and other methods, chose four vocational schools in Shanghai for comparing experimental study of mental health, conducted experiments on experimental group and control group, and analyzed the current mental health of young students in Shanghai. It shows that the sunshine sports could significantly improve the students' mental health. The conclusion is that carrying out sunshine sports in vocational school extensively plays an important role in promoting mental health of young people in school. But some of the vocational schools in Shanghai in carrying out sunshine sports need to be improved. (Contains 3 tables.)
A New Theory of Wisdom: Integrating Intelligence and Morality
Author: Fengyan, Wang
Date: 2012-01-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Intelligence,Moral Values,Metacognition,Emotional Intelligence,Cognitive Processes,Self Motivation,Social Cognition,Knowledge Level,Synthesis,Creativity,Prosocial Behavior,Theories

This paper presents a new concept of wisdom, which integrates intelligence and morality as its two constituent elements. According to our definition, wisdom is a mental capacity of combining intelligence with moral virtue in the process of gaining knowledge and acting. Possessing this integrated quality, an individual would be able to act wisely when faced with complex situations. On the one hand, moral virtue provides one with the motivation to do well. It is the very source of autonomously keeping his own action in conformity with the moral standards. On the other hand, equipped with the mental capacity of intelligence, the agent is able to arrive at correct judgments about the complex problem he/she is facing and comes up effectively and efficiently with a solution to it. The integrated quality of having intelligence and moral virtues guarantees that the proposed solution and the corresponding act will benefit the well-being of the individual herself/himself and others. In accordance with the two-element definition of wisdom, we classify wisdom into moral wisdom and natural wisdom, which will be elaborated in this paper. (Contains 2 footnotes.)
Cyber Portfolio: The Innovative Menu for 21st Century Technology
Author: Robles, Ava Clare Marie O.
Date: 2012-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Thinking Skills,Educational Technology,Class Activities,Learning Activities,Portfolios (Background Materials),Teaching Methods,Internet,Video Technology,Technology Integration,Computer Uses in Education,Computer Software,Multimedia Materials,Computer System Design,Navigation (Information Systems),Education Courses,Teacher Education Programs,Online Surveys,Student Surveys,Portfolio Assessment,Student Evaluation,Multiple Intelligences,Computer Peripherals

Cyber portfolio is a valuable innovative menu for teachers who seek out strategies or methods to integrate technology into their lessons. This paper presents a straightforward preparation on how to innovate a menu that addresses the 21st century skills blended with higher order thinking skills, multiple intelligence, technology and multimedia. Specifically, this cyber portfolio is an administrative tool that manages, organizes, displays and evaluates the e-portfolio of students. Additionally, through cyber portfolio, these e-portfolios or the digitized collection of students' outputs (e.g., text-based, word-processed documents, graphics, videos or multimedia elements, and other e-resources) are easily archived on a Website or other electronic media, such as a CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory) or DVD (digital video disc). With cyber portfolio, teachers can control and easily navigate to the various works of their students as well as track student's e-portfolio. In short, the cyber portfolio provides teachers with a menu or a set of choices that increase their capabilities in using the latest technology while improving their students' abilities to communicate the value of their work. Moreover, this paper, discusses the &quot;hows&quot; of developing a cyber portfolio as an innovative menu that speeds up the teaching-learning process and blends classroom activities with latest technology available in the Internet. Finally, some conclusions on the effective utilization of cyber portfolio as a public table in showcasing students' individual achievements are also presented. (Contains 3 tables and 2 figures.)
Attitudes towards the Use of the Internet
Author: Al Otaibi, Khaled Nahes
Date: 2012-03-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Internet,Schools of Education,Educational Technology,Computer Attitudes,Correlation,Foreign Countries,Teacher Education Programs,Student Attitudes,Computer Uses in Education,College Students,Leisure Time,Cultural Influences

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the attitude towards the use of the Internet and its cognitive, emotional and behavioral components. To achieve the objective of the study, the researcher used the scale of the attitude towards the Internet of a random sample of students (n = 216) at Teachers College at King Saud University. The most important result of the study is the attitude that students have towards the positive use of the Internet. The uses of the Internet involve educational and cultural purposes, leisure and entertainment as well as purchasing purposes. Besides, there is the existence of significant differences at the level (0.01) between high and low Internet users in the general attitude towards the Internet in favor of the high users of the Internet. (Contains 6 tables.) [This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University.]
The Effects of Interest on Inference Generation While Reading
Author: Clinton, Virginia Elizabeth
Date: 2011-08-00
Type: Dissertations/Theses - Doctoral Dissertations
Subjects: Reading,Learning,Inferences,Reading Interests,Undergraduate Students,Reading Comprehension,Recall (Psychology),Protocol Analysis,Motion,Measurement Equipment,Pretests Posttests,Measurement Techniques

A positive association between interest and learning from texts has been well noted in the literature. However, the cause of the positive association between interest and learning from text is uncertain. The primary purpose of this dissertation was to examine a potential cause, inference generation, of the positive association between interest and learning from texts. Sixty undergraduate students participated in Experiment 1 by reading two scientific texts and writing recalls and answers to comprehension questions. Topic interest and text-based interest were measured using self-reports. The results indicated that topic interest and text-based interest were indeed positively associated with learning from texts. In Experiment 2, sixty-nine undergraduate students participated by completing the same measures as the  participants in Experiment 1, with the inclusion of the think-aloud task while reading. The results from Experiment 2 indicated that topic and text-based interest were both found to be positively associated with inference generation. Subsequent analyses indicated that inference generation explained (as a mediator) the positive association between both topic and text-based interest and accurate answers to comprehension questions. In contrast, inference generation was statistically independent from the positive association between topic interest and recall. Inference generation affected the strength of (as a moderator) the positive association between text-based interest and recall. The findings from both experiments are discussed in the context of interest and text comprehension theories, specifically in regards to standards of coherence. The secondary purpose of this dissertation was to determine the usefulness of Wii Fit[TM] boards as a cost-effective means of incorporating gross body movements as an indirect measure of interest. Gross body movement data from forty-two of the participants in Experiment 1 was measured while the participants read the experimental  texts. The findings indicated that interest and learning from text were negatively associated with both leaning back and shifting in one's seat. These findings are discussed in the context of embodied theories of cognition. The following are appended: (1) Experimental Texts; (2) Comprehension Questions; (3) Topic Interest Self-Reports; (4) Text-Based Interest Self-Report; and (5) Think-Aloud Task Instructions. (Contains 27 tables and 7 figures.)
What Will They Learn? A Report on General Education Requirements at 100 of the Nation's Leading Colleges and Universities
Author: Diaz, Sandra
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Reports - Evaluative
Subjects: General Education,Core Curriculum,College Curriculum,Required Courses,Undergraduate Study,Writing (Composition),Literature,Second Languages,United States Government (Course),United States History,Economics,Mathematics,Natural Sciences,Physical Sciences,Tuition,Universities,State Universities,Colleges,Educational Quality

What will they learn? That is the simple question the American Council of Trustees and Alumni (ACTA) asks in this report. The authors do so by exploring the state of general education, those courses designed to give college students a firm grounding in the areas of knowledge they will use for a lifetime. Specifically, the authors evaluate whether 100 major institutions require seven key subjects: English composition, literature, foreign language, U.S. government or history, economics, mathematics, and science. What they found is alarming. Even as students need broad-based skills and knowledge to succeed in the global marketplace, colleges and universities are failing to deliver. Topics like U.S. government or history, literature, mathematics, and economics have become mere options on far too many campuses. Not surprisingly, students are graduating with great gaps in their knowledge--and employers are noticing. If not remedied, this will have significant consequences for U.S. competitiveness and innovation. That is why ACTA is issuing this report. Their assessment cuts through the verbiage in college catalogs and shows what really matters: what the students will be expected to learn. Especially in this era of rising tuition and uncertain economic prospects, the authors hope their findings will help parents and students vote with their wallets and motivate trustees and alumni to demand more of their institutions. A list of colleges is appended. (Contains 26 endnotes.)
Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the Big 5 Personality Test Inventory
Author: Kamarulzaman, Wirawani
Date: 2012-09-27
Type: Reports - Evaluative
Subjects: Factor Analysis,Personality Measures,Likert Scales,Undergraduate Students,Personality Traits,Test Validity,Test Reliability,Foreign Countries

This paper is intended to examine the validity of Big 5 Personality test inventory of 44 questions with 5-Likert Scale measurement. Confirmatory factory analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine the good fit indices of the 5 personality types. Those types are 1) extraversion, 2) agreeableness, 3) conscientiousness, 4) openness and 5) neuroticism. The data was collected from a self-reported questionnaire administered to 207 undergraduate students. The results of CFA found the inventory to be a valid and reliable measurement  for types of personality except for neuroticism. Also, the measurement was found to be applicable across gender. (Contains 2 figures and 1 table.)
What Predicts Job Satisfaction in Malaysia?
Author: Kamarulzaman, Wirawani
Date: 2012-09-27
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Statistical Analysis,Foreign Countries,Job Satisfaction,Multiple Regression Analysis,Predictor Variables,Gender Differences,Age Differences,Educational Attainment,Salaries,Responsibility,Experience,Questionnaires

The purpose of this study is to address the gaps in the literature and to examine the predictors of job satisfaction. In this study, the hypothesized predictors influencing one's job satisfaction are a) gender, b) age, c) level of education, d) salary, e) role in the job, and f) years of working in the organization. This study used Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) as a data gathering tool. The questionnaires were administered to 89 male respondents, and 121 female respondents. For data analysis, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed. In addition to conducting a multiple regression analysis (MRA), descriptive  statistical  analysis was also carried out as part of the data analysis. Of all the predictors studied, results indicated gender as the only significant predictor of one's  job satisfaction. Several recommendations for future studies were also listed. (Contains 4 tables.)
International Blogging
Author: Baskas, Richard S.
Date: 2012-09-30
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Postsecondary Education,Web Sites,Electronic Publishing,Web 2.0 Technologies,Technology Uses in Education,Educational Technology,Teaching Methods,Instructional Effectiveness,Instructional Innovation,Participant Satisfaction

As blogging has become a very popular media form for students in the informal classroom, educators are also using this to try to improve students' communication and English skills in the formal classroom. Why more instructors are not using blogging in postsecondary education in the attempt to improve student formal classroom communication and English skills? Since blogging is one of the most popular forms of media, educators can use this type of forum for class instruction. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of blogging in postsecondary education. The research question addressed to what extent blogging can be used to improve postsecondary education between students and instructors.  A literature review was conducted through Google Scholar to locate scholarly articles and textbooks to support the use of blogging. The population for this study included college students and mature authors worldwide who wish to participate in the blog sites. Data collection came from student and researcher dialogue, and information the blog sites provided describing their sites. The results revealed that the literature supported the benefits of blogging in postsecondary education. The results of this study could help instructors recognize how blogging can improve communication and English skills among college students if used properly.