ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Assisted Repeated Reading with an Advanced-Level Japanese EFL Reader: A Longitudinal Diary Study
Author: Taguchi, Etsuo
Date: 2012-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Reading Comprehension,Reading Fluency,Program Implementation,Metacognition,Researchers,Reading Instruction,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Longitudinal Studies,Diaries,Advanced Students,Second Language Instruction,Linguistic Theory,Teaching Methods,Correlation,Japanese,Native Language,Adults,Females,Foreign Countries

Reading fluency has attracted the attention of reading researchers and educators since the early 1970s and has become a priority issue in English as a first language (L1) settings. It has also become a critical issue in English as a second or foreign language (L2) settings because the lack of fluency is considered a major obstacle to developing independent readers with good comprehension skills. Repeated Reading (RR) was originally devised by Samuels (1979) in order to translate Automaticity Theory (LaBerge &amp; Samuels, 1974) into a pedagogical approach for developing English L1 readers' fluency. Extensive research has been conducted to show the positive effects of RR in English L1 settings. A growing number of L2 reading researchers have demonstrated that RR may be a promising approach for building fluency and comprehension in L2 settings. However, while L1 research has demonstrated a robust correlation between improved reading fluency and enhanced comprehension, L2 fluency research has not yet shown such a strong correlation. In addition, most studies on reading fluency in L2 settings have used quantitative approaches and only a few of them have explored the &quot;inside of L2 readers' brain,&quot; that is, what is actually happening while they engage in RR. The present study attempts to reveal the inner process of L2 reading fluency development through RR for an advanced-level L2 reader who is articulate in describing her metacognitive processes. Using a diary study approach comprising more than 70 RR sessions over the course of 14 weeks, the current study investigated an L2 reader with good comprehension skills engaging in RR. This study was designed to investigate specifically how her reading fluency developed and how her comprehension changed during the course of the treatment. Based on the study findings, some issues are discussed for better RR program implementation. (Contains 6 tables and 2 figures.)
Improving Reading Rate Activities for EFL Students: Timed Reading and Repeated Oral Reading
Author: Chang, Anna C. -S.
Date: 2012-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Reading Comprehension,Intervention,Oral Reading,Adult Students,Reading Rate,Reading Instruction,Teaching Methods,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Pretests Posttests,Instructional Effectiveness,Foreign Countries,Part Time Students,Reading Fluency

This study investigates the effect of timed reading (TR) and repeated oral reading (RR) on 35 adult students of English as a foreign language. Students in the TR (n =18) and RR (n =17) groups read 52 and 26 passages respectively over a 13-week period. Reading rates and comprehension levels were measured at three occasions: pre-intervention, post-intervention, and delayed post-intervention. The reading rate results show that the TR group increased 50 (49%) words per minute (wpm) and 23 wpm (27%) for the RR group. The rate gains of both groups were largely retained after six weeks with no further instructional practice. In terms of comprehension levels, the TR group scored 53%, 67%, and 63%, and the RR group 53%, 60%, and 53% at the pretest, posttest and delayed posttest respectively. Overall, increasing the reading amount for the TR group improved reading rates and comprehension; increasing the reading rate for the RR group did not have a negative impact on reading comprehension. Thus, it is worthwhile including reading rate buildup activities in L2 reading instruction. (Contains 6 tables, 2 footnotes and 3 figures.)
Effects of Discourse Structure Graphic Organizers on EFL Reading Comprehension
Author: Jiang, Xiangying
Date: 2012-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Majors (Students),Reading Comprehension,Reading Ability,Reading Instruction,English (Second Language),Teaching Methods,Second Language Learning,Second Language Instruction,Program Effectiveness,Instructional Materials,Language Tests,Task Analysis,Pretests Posttests,College Students

This study investigated the effects of a 16-week reading instruction program with discourse structure graphic organizers (DSGOs) on the development of English reading comprehension among college-level English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. A total of 340 first and third semester students of non-English majors at a Chinese university participated in this study. A DSGO completion test and a TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) reading comprehension test were administered before, immediately after, and 7 weeks following the instructional treatment. The results showed that the DSGO instruction significantly improved discourse comprehension as measured by the DSGO completion task, and the effect was retained 7 weeks after the instructional treatment. Significant improvement was also observed in the general reading ability as measured by TOEFL reading comprehension in the immediate posttest, but the effect did not persist in the delayed posttest. These findings apply to both the first and third semester students. Pedagogical implications of the DSGO instruction are discussed. (Contains 3 tables.)
Graded Readers: How the Publishers Make the Grade
Author: Claridge, Gillian
Date: 2012-04-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Basal Reading,Publishing Industry,Reading Habits,Language Proficiency,Reader Text Relationship,Content Analysis,Value Judgment,Models,Attitudes,Difficulty Level,Beginning Reading,Reading Motivation,Reading Strategies

Publishing graded readers is big business, but there is evidence that the texts themselves are not being read in sufficient quantity to improve language proficiency. This article reports on a study of graded readers, focusing on interviews with some major publishers of graded readers, to investigate their production rationales. The findings suggest that the opinions of the ultimate consumers, the learners, are not regularly researched, with publishers tending to base production more on the demands of teachers and librarians who buy the books. The largest quantity of graded readers is produced for the intermediate levels, although if pleasure reading is the main purpose of graded readers, it would seem logical to publish a greater number of texts at the lowest level, to inculcate good reading habits from the start. (Contains 2 tables and 1 figure.)
The 2010-20 Job Outlook in Brief
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Employment Projections,Career Choice,Career Development,Employment Opportunities,Occupations,Wages,Educational Attainment,Job Training,Trend Analysis,Supply and Demand,Productivity

It can be difficult choosing a career. When planning for the future, knowing which occupations are expected to grow--and which aren't--is valuable information. The "Occupational Outlook Handbook" (OOH), published every 2 years by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), features projections of job outlook and employment prospects. The 2012-13 edition of the OOH contains the 2010-20 employment projections and detailed information for almost 350 occupations, including each occupation's job tasks and wages, along with the education and training typically required to enter it. This special issue of the "Occupational Outlook Quarterly" (OOQ) includes a table highlighting 2010 employment, 2010-20 projections, 2010 wage data, and education and training information so one can compare occupations at a glance. Unlike previous presentations of the "job outlook in brief," the table in this issue provides less narrative but more data for each occupation. It also explains what the BLS projections mean, why employment is changing, how BLS makes its projections, and where to find more projections information.
Grab Bag
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Feedback (Response),Social Networks,Student Exchange Programs,Institutional Cooperation,Energy Conservation,Access to Information,Employment Opportunities

This article presents brief items of interest to counselors and students. It introduces the National Student Exchange program that enables students in nearly 200 participating schools to attend classes on another campus in the United States for a semester or a year. It also describes the launching of social network jobs partnership by the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL). Next is the BLS Beta Labs which gives the public an online sneak peek at upcoming BLS projects--and asks for reviewer feedback. It also provides a brief information about energy auditors and how to become an environmental efficiency expert.
You're a What? Process Server
Author: Torpey, Elka
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Employees,Responsibility,Occupations,Court Litigation,Work Environment

In this article, the author talks about the role and functions of a process server. The job of a process server is to hand deliver legal documents to the people involved in court cases. These legal documents range from a summons to appear in court to a subpoena for producing evidence. Process serving can involve risk, as some people take out their anger about the legal case on the person bringing them the bad news. A process-serving business is easy to start. In addition to meeting state requirements, these workers usually need their own form of transportation. In addition to its flexibility, process serving offers opportunities for networking near and far.
More than Play: Three Careers in Sports
Author: Vilorio, Dennis
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Athletics,Careers,Athletic Coaches,Trainers,Employment Qualifications,Job Skills,Employees,Responsibility,Job Training,Wages

Sports are more than fun and games; they also provide work for many people. Sports workers earn wages in leagues across the nation. Organized sports include a variety of individual and team events, which require the efforts of many workers in different occupations. Many people are particularly attracted to the sports occupations that are closest to the action. This article highlights three such occupations: (1) coaches; (2) athletic trainers; and (3) sports officials. The first section provides an overview of each occupation, including what workers do, how much they earn, and what qualifications they need for an entry-level job. The second section explains how to prepare for these jobs--and what to expect if an individual gets one. Sources for more information are listed at the end of the article.
Electric Vehicle Careers: On the Road to Change
Author: Hamilton, James
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Careers,Nontraditional Occupations,Scientific Research,Industry,Auto Mechanics,Skilled Occupations,Skilled Workers,Energy,Engineering,Manufacturing,Labor Market

Many occupations related to electric vehicles are similar to those that help to make and maintain all types of automobiles. But the industry is also adding some nontraditional jobs, and workers' skill sets must evolve to keep up. This article describes careers related to electric vehicles. The first section is about the electric vehicle industry and its growth. The second section describes selected occupations related to electric vehicles, including those in scientific research, engineering, manufacturing, maintenance, and infrastructure development. A third section discusses training for workers interested in electric vehicle jobs. The final section gives sources for more information.
Grab Bag
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Loan Programs,Public Service,Student Financial Aid,Internship Programs,Veterans,Career Development,Loan Repayment,Longitudinal Studies,College Students

This article presents brief items of interest to counselors and students. It presents a preview of internships and how to build careers for veterans. It also features the Public Service Loan Forgiveness program which helps an individual to repay federal student loans with public service. Lastly, it presents data from the most recent survey for the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97).
High Wages after High School--Without a Bachelor's Degree
Author: Torpey, Elka
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Wages,On the Job Training,Work Experience,Employment Qualifications,Associate Degrees,High School Graduates,Occupations,Employment Opportunities,Job Skills,Outcomes of Education,Postsecondary Education,Certification

There are lots of ways to enter a high-paying career without having a bachelor's degree. An associate's degree, a postsecondary non-degree award, or a high school diploma--often coupled with work experience in a related occupation, on-the-job training, or both--can lead to a job that really pays off. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), 80 occupations typically require less than a bachelor's degree to enter and had median annual wages of over $50,000 in May 2010. Some of them had median wages that were much higher than that. The occupations are diverse and wide ranging. This article looks at these occupations in greater detail. It uses BLS data to show how much workers earn and the number of expected job openings from 2010 to 2020. It also explains the education and training workers typically need to enter these occupations and to become competent at performing them. The first section of the article is about education and earnings--and describes the terms used by BLS. The second section presents high-paying occupations for three education levels: (1) associate's degree; (2) postsecondary non-degree award; and (3) high school diploma. This article also provides ways to learn more about the occupations. (Contains 3 tables.)
You're a What?: Tower Technician
Author: Vilorio, Dennis
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Electronic Equipment,Telecommunications,Employees,Responsibility,Skilled Occupations,Skilled Workers,Paraprofessional Personnel,Work Environment

In this article, the author talks about the role and functions of a tower technician. A tower technician climbs up the face of telecommunications towers to remove, install, test, maintain, and repair a variety of equipment--from antennas to light bulbs. Tower technicians also build shelters and radiofrequency shields for electronic equipment, lay coaxial and fiber optic cables, and remove pests and weeds. Sometimes, they set supports and stack construction pieces to build the tower itself. Many tower technicians do not work in the occupation long. Some find the work too dangerous, can't cope with the stress of the climbs, or don't like the lengthy travel schedule. Others work in the field temporarily while looking for another job. Consequently, experienced tower technicians often earn excellent job security and are competitively recruited by different companies. Many also find that mastering telecommunications line technologies is exciting and rewarding.
Preparing Instructional Leaders
Author: Gray, David
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Instructional Leadership,Leadership Training,Models,Change,Information Dissemination,Curriculum Development,Educational Indicators,Federal Programs,Administrator Role,Experiential Learning,Advisory Committees,Mentors,Residential Programs,Substitute Teachers,Salaries

This publication is a &quot;collection&quot; of three separate manuscripts: (1) &quot;A Paradigm Shift in Preparing Instructional Leaders&quot; (published in December 2010); (2) &quot;Transitions&quot; (an introduction to the &quot;Revisited manuscript&quot;); and (3) &quot;A Paradigm Shift in Preparing Instructional Leaders Revisited&quot; (published in June 2011). The 2010 manuscript describes an innovative experience-laden curriculum for aspiring school leaders at the University of South Alabama developed between 2005 and 2007. The 2011 manuscript revisits the topic with a completed research study providing data related to responses from mentor principals, cohort members, co-workers, and observers. (Contains 1 figure, 3 tables, and 12 footnotes.)
Identifying the Professional Development Needs of School Superintendents
Author: Spanneut, Gene
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Professional Development,Instructional Leadership,Superintendents,Futures (of Society),Educational Change,Educational Improvement,Standards,Administrator Attitudes,Educational Needs,Identification

Superintendents of schools face increased leadership demands from diverse constituents, challenges due to current conditions, and opportunities posed by evolving trends and reforms. Superintendents are in the key position to make systemic school improvements a major priority, to allocate resources to promote their progress and importance, and to direct and support what principals need to do to keep instructional leadership at the top of their agendas. To better fulfill such responsibilities, superintendents must purposefully choose to stay current with existing demands and to address future needs. This article presents the results of a preliminary study on superintendents' self-identification of professional development needs based on recognized leadership standards and their preferences for professional development delivery methods. (Contains 5 tables and 3 footnotes.)
Leadership Skills of Students in Alternative Education and Mainstream Schools in India
Author: Venkatraman, Ganesan
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Nontraditional Education,Global Approach,Foreign Countries,Comparative Analysis,Student Leadership,Public Education,Mainstreaming,Measures (Individuals),Scores

This study documents the student leadership skills in selected alternative education and mainstream schools in India and explores the implications for enhancing school curriculum in India to better address the changing needs of public education in the context of a global economy. This exploratory study offers a comparative analysis of leadership skills in India in both mainstream and alternative education schools. The study was done using the Leadership Skills Inventory (LSI) developed by Karnes and Chauvin (1985). The alternative school students consistently scored higher in all dimensions. The differences were statistically significant on combined leadership dimensions and two of the nine individual dimensions. (Contains 12 figures, 6 tables and 46 footnotes.)
Relationship among Essential Leadership Preparation Practices and Leader, School, and Student Outcomes in K-8 Schools
Author: Braun, Donna
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Questionnaires,Multiple Regression Analysis,Leadership,Training,Educational Practices,Leadership Styles,Self Evaluation (Individuals),School Culture,Educational Environment,Academic Achievement,Measures (Individuals),Research Methodology,Mixed Methods Research,Elementary Education,Elementary Secondary Education

A questionnaire was administered to school principals (N = 88). The questionnaire data, along with student achievement data and school practices data, were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression to investigate the relationships among leadership preparation practices, self rated leader behavior, the school learning environment, and student achievement. After controlling for demographic variables, the amount of variance explained was incremented a statistically significant degree between: preparation practices and leader behaviors (R[superscript 2] = 5%); preparation practices and student achievement (R[superscript 2] = 5%); preparation practices and leaders' instructional knowledge (R[superscript 2] = 6%); and leaders' instructional knowledge and instructional practices in schools (R[superscript 2] = 5%). These findings suggest the further inclusion of the essential practices defined in this study into leadership preparation programs. (Contains 1 figure, 8 tables and 12 footnotes.)
School Principals and Teacher Contract Non-Renewal
Author: Nixon, Andy
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Principals,Accountability,Evidence,Academic Achievement,Standardized Tests,Decision Making,Teaching (Occupation),Contracts,Barriers,Teacher Dismissal,Unions,Time,Teacher Effectiveness,Teacher Evaluation,Statistical Significance,Evaluation Criteria,Teacher Competencies

In an era of intense state and federal accountability for teaching and student learning, school principals face noteworthy challenges which typically work against recommending contract non-renewal for teachers. School principals confront tremendous pressure from state and federal accountability legislation to produce evidence of student learning on standardized assessments. In this high-stakes accountability environment, principals' decisions play an important part in determining whether teachers are offered contracts. Learning more about the criteria that principals apply to teacher non-renewal decisions affords an opportunity to improve the teacher preparation process. Additionally, identifying the barriers that prevent principals from removing ineffective teachers serves to improve the prospect of learning for all students. Good teaching is a key to student learning. It is unclear if principals have all the tools that they need to work toward having an effective teacher in every classroom. (Contains 7 tables and 8 footnotes.)
Charter Schools in Texas: An Overview
Author: Penning, Francisco
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Charter Schools,Educational History,School Effectiveness,Governance,School Districts,Financial Support,Educational Finance,Student Characteristics,Traditional Schools,Public Schools,Comparative Analysis,Academic Achievement,Competition,Mathematics Achievement,Reading Achievement

In this article we analyzed the literature regarding charter schools in the State of Texas. We specifically examined the evolution of the charter school movement in Texas. Moreover, data regarding the effectiveness/ineffectiveness of charter schools in Texas were discussed. Our overview of Texas charter schools, given their widespread presence in Texas, may be helpful to policy makers and stakeholders in other states. (Contains 8 tables and 9 footnotes.)
(Re)designing and Implementing the Professional Doctorate in Education: Comparing Experiences of a Small Independent University and a Large Public University
Author: Taylor, Rosemarye
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Doctoral Programs,Doctoral Degrees,Differences,Theory Practice Relationship,Instructional Leadership,Degree Requirements,Research,Small Schools,Private Schools,School Size,Public Colleges,Program Development,Graduation Rate,Outcomes of Education,Instructional Effectiveness,Class Size,Learning Experience

Two diverse universities--one large public metropolitan and one small independent-- participate in the Carnegie Project on the Education Doctorate (CPED) the purpose of which is to clearly distinguish between the Ph. D. and the Ed. D. and their unique intended outcomes. These universities (re)designed and implemented the professional doctorate (Ed. D.) in educational leadership aligned with the CPED concepts. Development processes, experiences in (re)design and implementation, as well as the resulting degree requirements are compared. Significant changes in student learning experiences, student outcomes, and the capstone experience are commonalities of each university's newly (re)designed Ed. D. (Contains 1 table and 10 footnotes.)