ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinarity of Scientific Production on Hate Speech and Social Media: A Bibliometric Analysis
Author: Ramírez-García, Antonia
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Antisocial Behavior,Social Media,Bibliometrics,Interdisciplinary Approach,Scientific Research,Research Methodology,Computer Science,Social Sciences,Social Problems,Citations (References),Citation Analysis,Speech Communication

The impact of hate speech, both on a personal and social level, has increased due to social media. This has made it the focus of interest of numerous scientific journals, which increases the visibility of this global problem. The aim of this research is to analyse the basic descriptive metrics of the scientific production on hate speech and social media, as well as to explore the interdisciplinarity of these approaches. A bibliometric study has been carried out on the basis of the works indexed in the Scopus database related to the binomial 'hate speech' and 'social media' over a period of 20 years (2001 to 2020). The metrics used show that it is from 2017 onwards when this topic begins to arouse greater interest among researchers and that they constitute a sufficient indicator to consider the topic as one of interest to the scientific community. The joint research between both concepts raises its quality levels from a strictly metric point of view. 'Computer Science' and 'Social Sciences' are the two areas that clearly define the scientific production on this subject. The inversion of percentages in terms of the areas of origin of the works and citations in these two areas, is evidence of this interdisciplinarity. The indicators obtained show the relevance and transcendence of a social problem in the face of which proactive measures must be implemented.
Smartphones in Higher Education. A Longitudinal Qualitative Study
Author: Salcines-Talledo, Irina
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Handheld Devices,Higher Education,Technology Uses in Education,College Faculty,Foreign Countries,Knowledge Level,Teacher Attitudes

The impact of technological tools in the educational field is unquestionable. The smartphone has established itself as the device with greater versatility and applicability in the academic/personal context of the subjects. For this reason, the following study addresses, from a longitudinal qualitative approach, the knowledge, use, benefits, and difficulties of the pedagogical application of smartphones, as well as the training needs perceived by higher education teachers, understanding the evolution of this trend in the last seven years. The participating sample is made up of 32 lecturers belonging to five Spanish universities, through the realization of six focus groups during the 2014-2015 and 2021-2022 academic years. The main results show that the lecturers value favorably the possibilities of the tool for communication and information search. However, in recent times more skeptical and critical evaluations are perceived, considering that the smartphone has not brought about the expected qualitative leap in the teaching methodologies applied in the classroom. Promoting the critical, responsible, and context-specific use of the mobile device, while effectively applying its technological possibilities in the creation of constructive pedagogical experiences in a temporally and spatially specified manner, may be one of the keys to a harmonious and not overloaded coexistence between academic and life experiences mediated with and without technology.
The Life of COVID-19 Mask Memes: A Diachronic Study of the Pandemic Memescape
Author: Dynel, Marta
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: COVID-19,Pandemics,Disease Control,Health Behavior,Social Media,Visual Aids,Internet,Sharing Behavior,Humor,Sustainability

Taking as its point of departure a fine-tuned definition of an Internet meme (vis-à-vis a memetic construct), this paper reports the findings of the first diachronic study of memes, the focus being on mask memes on the vast COVID-19 mask memescape evolving in the wake of the pandemic, relative to the changing socio-political situation. The study capitalises on a diachronic corpus of user-tagged COVID-19 mask memes (posted online from January 2020 to January 2021) collected from Google through a Python script. Based on a grounded-theory approach, ten memetic categories (clustered into four groups) are extracted and examined through a multimodal discourse analytic lens. The diachronic quantitative analysis shows that the memetic constructs, inspired by the current socio-political situation/events and facilitated by the socio-political context (e.g. going into lockdown), seem to persist, albeit with varied intensity, for the best part of the year, with many individual memes going viral. Memes' and memetic constructs' long lifespan is indicative of users' primary goal, which is to share interesting and/or humorous (not always newly minted or relevant) items for the sake of fun, regardless of the memes' nature (i.e. autotelic humour for its own sake or users' commentaries on the surrounding reality).
Creators and Spectators Facing Online Information Disorder. Effects of Digital Content Production on Information Skills
Author: Taddeo, Gabriella
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Social Media,Misconceptions,Information Skills,Young Adults,Adolescents,Educational Attainment,Trust (Psychology),Foreign Countries,Information Sources

Misinformation on social media is a major problem facing our society. The experience deriving from use does not guarantee success in identifying false information. This study seeks to determine whether an active role in social media impacts on informational skills. For this purpose, we designed a survey that was administered to 756 young people between 16 and 26 years of age from different educational levels. The results show a profile of creative users who participate in generating their own content and sharing their recommendations openly, as opposed to another profile, the &quot;spectators&quot;, focused on entertainment and interaction. The creator profile is the variable that most contributes to reporting fake news on social media. When contrasting information, educational level is the most relevant aspect, although academic results and creator users also represent a significant contribution. Greater trust in the sources found on social media identifies the active profile, while distrust is associated with the spectators. We recommend that media education puts in place actions intended to recuperate trust in social media, so that they can be utilized critically, encouraging active, not reactive use.
Political Hate Speech of the Far Right on Twitter in Latin America
Author: Díez-Gutiérrez, Enrique-Javier
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Political Attitudes,Social Media,Foreign Countries,Antisocial Behavior,Aggression,Network Analysis,Freedom of Speech,Deception

The purpose of this research was to study the spreading of political hate speech by the far right through Twitter. A mixed methodology was employed, combining both quantitative and qualitative tools, within the framework of digital ethnography. Five characteristic cases of campaigns linked to political hate speech were chosen, meeting the four criteria set: Latin American scope with representativeness in terms of breadth and impact, political motivation, more than 100,000 tweets, and massive use of fake accounts. The analysis was performed with T-Hoarder, Gephi and MAXQDA. The conclusions drawn are that these campaigns do not occur spontaneously. Rather, a destabilizing political intention lies behind them, sponsored by organizations with considerable ability to disseminate messages and with extensive funds. The massive presence of false accounts, the repetition of certain spelling errors in identical form and the striking increase in the number of accounts just before campaigns are evidence of the automation of these processes. The constant use of aggressive and disparaging terms associated with hatred triggers extreme polarization and a climate of tension, threatening the building and consolidation of democracy itself. Apart from punitive measures, there is a need to implement educational proposals.
Quality Recognition as a Prescriber against Disinformation
Author: Palau-Sampio, Dolors
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Sources,Deception,Journalism Education,Communications,Undergraduate Students,Cross Cultural Studies,Prediction,Identification,Mass Media,Student Attitudes,Accuracy,News Reporting,Error Patterns,Self Evaluation (Individuals),Foreign Countries,Specialists,Media Literacy

Hybrid media context and the infodemic have increased the threat of disinformation, particularly among young people who mostly consume digital content. This article aims to identify the competencies needed to detect low-quality content linked to disinformation by Journalism and Communications undergraduates from Argentina, Chile, and Spain. Based on a double comparative study by countries and levels of education, it tries to predict the skills of future journalists in recognising false information. From an online questionnaire, the participants (N=300) evaluated the quality observed (minimum, average or excellent) and the problems detected from 12 items published in both conventional and pseudo-media. The comparison of results with the expert group shows that about 60% of the students have difficulties in identifying quality accurately and that this ability is higher in the advanced groups. From a selection of five news items, the participants were only able to successfully report 25.3% of the real mistakes in the texts. The correct identification of these mistakes improves in news related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions reveal that undergraduates overestimate their ability to detect disinformation, with a self-perception of 3.46 out of 5. The results also indicate that their media diet combines digital media and social media as a priority, while traditional media have a residual nature.
Rhetoric of Parliamentary Disinformation on Twitter
Author: Campos-Domínguez, Eva
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Social Media,Political Attitudes,Content Analysis,Democracy,Information Sources,Mass Media,Social Networks,Public Officials,Computer Mediated Communication,Legislators,Deception,COVID-19,Pandemics,Gender Differences,Violence,Immigrants,LGBTQ People,Persuasive Discourse,Trust (Psychology),Discourse Analysis,Criticism,Minority Groups

Democracy is based on individuals' ability to give their opinions freely. To do this, they must have access to a multitude of reliable information sources (Dahl, 1998), and this greatly depends on the characteristics of their media environments. Today, one of the main issues individuals face is the significant amount of disinformation circulating through social networks. This study focuses on parliamentary disinformation. It examines how parliamentarians contribute to generating information disorder (Wardle &amp; Derakhshan, 2017) in the digital public space. Through an exploratory content analysis--a descriptive content analysis of 2,307 messages posted on Twitter accounts of parliamentary spokespeople and representatives of the main list of each political party in the Spanish Lower House of Parliament--we explore disinformation rhetoric. The results allow us to conclude that, while the volume of messages shared by parliamentarians on issues susceptible to disinformation is relatively low (14% of tweets), both the themes of the tweets (COVID-19, sex-based violence, migrants or LGBTI), as well as their tone and argumentative and discursive lines, contribute to generating distrust through institutional criticism or their peers. The study deepens current knowledge of the disinformation generated by political elites, key agents of the construction of polarising narratives.
Investigation of the Effects of Teachers&apos; Participation in Sportive Recreational Activities on Assertiveness and Hopelessness
Author: Gunel, Ilker
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Recreational Activities,Personality Traits,Females,Life Style,Psychological Patterns,Women Faculty,Coping,Foreign Countries,Exercise,Physical Activities,Correlation

This study was carried out to examine the effect of sportive recreational activities, in which female teachers teaching in different branches, participate on assertiveness and hopelessness. In order to determine the effects of assertiveness and hopelessness, the method of applying pre-test and post-test to the participants was followed in the study. Assertiveness and hopelessness levels of the participants were collected using the &quot;Beck Hopelessness&quot; and &quot;Rathus Assertiveness&quot; scales. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA test were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between the first test and post-test mean scores of the hopelessness and assertiveness levels of the sedentary women in the experimental group who performed recreational activities, while there was no significant difference between the first-test and post-test mean scores in the control group. In addition, it was determined that sedentary female teachers who participated in regular recreational activities for twelve weeks had a significant decrease in hopelessness levels and an increase in assertiveness levels. In this context, it can be said that directing sedentary female teachers to sportive recreational activities will be more efficient in coping with hopelessness and increasing the sense of assertiveness, and will contribute to the education processes.
Exploring Problems of Moms with Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder during COVID-19
Author: Yildirim, Hasan Hüseyin
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mothers,Children,Autism Spectrum Disorders,COVID-19,Pandemics,Parent Responsibility,Parent Attitudes,Behavior Problems,Online Courses,School Closing,Barriers,Student Needs,Foreign Countries,Students with Disabilities

The COVID-19 pandemic, which emerged in 2019, disrupted global education and training activities. During the epidemic, online education has replaced face-to-face education. During the epidemic, the routines of all families and their children have changed. This situation adversely affected the lives of both families with normally developing children and families with children with special needs. Significantly during the pandemic process, the workload of mothers has increased. From this point of view, the research aims to reveal the problems experienced by the mothers of children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder during the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the opinions of 20 mothers who had a child diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder and participated in the study voluntarily were taken. The case study design was used as a qualitative research approach. In the study, data were collected by voice recording through semi-structured interviews, one of the qualitative data collection techniques. The obtained data were written down, checked and analyzed through descriptive analysis. According to the study, mothers stated that their children were bored at home and wanted to go out; they encountered behavioral problems and forgot what their children learned at school. They reported that their children spend more time with digital tools such as phones, tablets, and computers. They stated that they could not get feedback from the online courses, the courses were not organized according to individual differences, they had connection problems, and they could not benefit enough due to a lack of resources. All the mothers who participated in the interview emphasized that they wanted the education to be face-to-face.
Unraveling Disinformation: Notions and Discourses from the Spanish Population
Author: Valera-Ordaz, Lidia
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Misconceptions,Information Dissemination,Discussion Groups,Discourse Analysis,News Media,Social Media,Political Influences,Economic Factors,Democratic Values

Disinformation has become a core concept in communications research, related to media, technological and political phenomena that complexify its definition and diagnosis. Although its approach has been mainly quantitative, focus groups have also been used to understand the perception of the audience of this particular issue. This research is part of this second group of studies, and attempts to investigate the notions and discourses on disinformation in the case of Spain. For this purpose, seven discussion groups were conducted, with a structural sample constructed according to employment situation, ideology and age. The results show a perception of the communicative ecosystem structured in two chronological poles, which contrasts a past of reduced information supply -- associated with traditional media -- with a current informational environment where there is more media diversity, but also less trust in them. The groups point to the overabundance of information and associated disinformation with decontextualisation, low-quality journalism and the economic and political interests of different actors. Discourses outline a scenario of decline in journalism and the public sphere, which is perceived as polarised and emotional. Disinformation is therefore perceived as a multidimensional phenomenon that is associated with issues of major democratic transcendence rather than merely sending hoaxes through the Internet.
Virtual Reality with Distractors to Overcome Public Speaking Anxiety in University Students
Author: Rodero, Emma
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Computer Simulation,Public Speaking,Anxiety,College Students,Gender Differences,Communication (Thought Transfer),Foreign Countries,Attention Control

The ability to communicate effectively is a crucial aspect of education. For college students, learning how to speak in public is essential for their academic and professional future. However, many students report fear of speaking in public, the so-called Public Speaking Anxiety (PSA). This study aims to implement a training program using Virtual Reality (VR) with distractors to reduce the college students' anxiety. Anxiety was measured with two methods: electrodermal activity and self-report. We also analyze gender differences. There were an experimental and a control group. Both groups had to deliver the same speech twice: pre-test (before training); and post-test (after the training program) while participants' electrodermal activity was measured. Only the experimental group was trained with VR. Students also completed the Public Speaking Anxiety Scale and a survey to examine their experience. The results showed that the VR training reduced the anxiety levels significantly in the experimental group, but there were no significant differences in the control group. The data also revealed a higher level of anxiety in male than in female students. Finally, participants reported a positive impression of the VR training. These results showed the effectiveness of Virtual Reality software with distractors to reduce public speaking anxiety.
Analysis of Preschool Curricula amid COVID-19 Pandemic and Post-Pandemic Period
Author: Erdamar, Fatih Selim
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Preschool Education,Preschool Teachers,Preschool Curriculum,COVID-19,Pandemics,Teacher Attitudes,Foreign Countries,Preschool Children,Educational Technology,Electronic Learning,Program Effectiveness

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the implementation of the preschool curriculum from the perspective of teachers. The study, which was designed on a qualitative basis, was carried out with 31 preschool teachers determined with the purposeful sampling method. The data were collected via the interview form applied to the teachers who constituted the aforementioned study group. For the analysis of the data, content analysis was applied. For the analyses, the teachers' views were gathered under certain headings and coded. In the coding made by using the frequency technique, which is the complement of the qualitative data, the coding technique was used in accordance with the concepts obtained from the data. By combining these codes, certain themes were created. Next, the themes were described and interpreted with tables for easy understanding and explanation in line with the purpose of the study, and conclusions were drawn accordingly. On the other hand, it was thought that in the study, the technological addiction in question might be caused by the unconscious and misuse of these technologies rather than by the educational technologies used extensively during the pandemic process. The teachers constituting the study group predicted that human dimensions such as psychological and personality dimensions, self-care skills, and behavioral problems would come to the fore in relation to the pre-school curriculum in the post-pandemic period.
Examination of Digital Literacy Levels of University Students
Author: Kaya, Halil Ibrahim
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Students,Technological Literacy,Gender Differences,Educational Attainment,Two Year College Students,Grade Point Average,Income,Internet,Computer Use,Parent Background,Foreign Countries,Instructional Program Divisions,Social Media

In this study, it was aimed to determine the digital literacy levels of university students. The study also aimed to examine the differentiation status of university students in terms of various variables of digital literacy levels. In addition, in the study, the digital literacy levels of university students were determined by gender, type of education (normal/secondary education), higher education level (associate/undergraduate/graduate), higher education program they are enrolled in, grade point average, class, average monthly income, social network with the most time spent. It is also aimed to examine the differentiation status in terms of the variables of average internet usage time during the day, the preferred tool for internet use, and the educational status of the parents. In this study, the survey model, which is one of the quantitative patterns, was used. The population of the study consisted of a total of 17,006 students, 11,500 undergraduate and 5,506 associate degree students, studying in 11 faculties, 4 colleges and 9 vocational colleges in the 2021-2022 academic year at a state university located in the Eastern Anatolia Region. The sample consisted of randomly selected 688 university students. The &quot;Digital Literacy Scale&quot; developed by Bayrakci and Narmanlioglu in 2021 was used as a data collection tool. In the analysis process, nonparametric techniques were used since the data could not meet the assumptions of parametric techniques. As a result of the study, it was seen that the digital literacy levels of university students were low. In addition, it was concluded that there were statistically significant differences between university students' grade point averages, the social network they spend the most time on, the preferred tool in internet use, and the educational status of their parents and their digital literacy levels. Various suggestions were developed considering the results of the study.