ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Developing Leaders Using Case Inquiry
Author: Smith, Deirdre
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Leadership Training,Educational Resources,Principals,Partnerships in Education,Case Method (Teaching Technique),Textbooks,Program Effectiveness,Assistant Principals,Leadership Effectiveness,Textbook Preparation,Catholic Schools,Ethical Instruction,School Administration,Professional Associations,Accreditation (Institutions),Institutes (Training Programs),Credentials,Electronic Learning,International Education,Material Development,Validity

In this article the author describes a collaborative project undertaken by two provincial education organizations to foster the leadership formation of school leaders. Leadership development through case inquiry was the focus of this innovative partnership between the Ontario College of Teachers and the Catholic Principals' Council of Ontario. The lived experiences of principals and vice-principals were used as pedagogy to explore the multiple and complex issues that emerge within educational leadership practice. Reflection, dialogue, and narrative writing extended the professional and ethical knowledge of these educators. The experiences of these educators resulted in the development of a leadership text that is now being used as a pedagogical and curriculum resource in educational leadership programs.
The Pragmatic Path and the Influence of Standardization
Author: Baulch, Clay E.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Accountability,Standardized Tests,Administrator Attitudes,Aesthetics

Standardized accountability represents the use of numbers culled from standardized assessments and devoid of cultural or social context in an effort to &quot;grade&quot; a school's educational efforts. To integrate this accountability, organizations such as the Texas Education Agency (TEA) have developed a set of teachable objectives for schools to correlate to the standardized tests goals. Administrators of schools are faced with juggling the mutually exclusive ideas of vulgar number production and aesthetic education, which will be discussed shortly. The purpose of this study was to illustrate a case for the possibility of a pragmatic path. As a theoretical construct, the path does not require measurable, tangible proof. The leader on the pragmatic path would recognize that administrators struggle with the dual roles of aesthetics and standardized accountability on a daily basis. The particular problem they face is integrating the number's requirements into the human elements of education.
Instructional Leadership to Enhance Alternatively Certified Novice Bilingual Teachers' Capacity
Author: Ovando, Martha N.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mentors,Poverty,Elementary School Teachers,Bilingual Teachers,Beginning Teachers,Instructional Leadership,Bilingualism,Alternative Teacher Certification,Urban Schools,Interviews,Observation,Sampling,Phenomenology,Case Studies,Principals,English (Second Language),Second Language Learning,Professional Development,Teaching Experience,Educational Strategies

This study determined that alternatively certified, bilingual elementary school teachers' needs with respect to capacity. Following a phenomenological multiple case study, three areas were explored: the support and professional growth needs of teachers, the strategies and sources that best meet those needs, and the work experiences of these teachers in high poverty, urban elementary schools. Using purposeful sampling, three first-year teachers, their mentors, and principals were selected for the study. Data sources included individual and triad interviews, observations, and field notes. Findings suggest that alternatively certified teachers' have varied needs and may linger in the survival stage for a longer period of time than generally anticipated, that support for their development may come from different sources but the teacher's principal and mentor constitute most important sources of support, and that these teacher face challenging situations, but rely on an intrinsic sense of calling to teaching and to work with students from poverty and who speak a language other than English. (Contains 2 tables.)
Telling the Story: A Critical Narrative Analysis of Policy and the Politics of Desegregation
Author: Bouillion, Dalane E.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: School Districts,Desegregation Plans,Educational Policy,Democracy,Equal Education,Politics of Education,Compliance (Legal),School Desegregation,Superintendents,Government School Relationship,Resistance to Change

In this article, the author discusses the implications of the absence of democracy that surrounded the policy evolution in Galena Park regarding desegregation in 1970. A brief description of narrative analysis, as methodology, is reviewed before discussing policy development. In conjunction with the Galena Park setting, the construct of scholar-practitioner is also revealed prior to detailing the numerous failed desegregation plans of the school district. The legal correspondence, which began the court order mandate, is noted before concluding thoughts are made. The author reveals, through critical narrative analysis, how conflicting interests resulted in the politics that prevented the restructuring of Galena Park Independent School District, in order to provide an effective and equal education for all students. The ideals of democracy were sacrificed when perceived deceptive actions did not include the voice of a community, the foresight for equality, and the spirit of unity.
Adolescent Problem Behavior in Navi Mumbai: An Exploratory Study of Psychosocial Risk and Protection
Author: Solomon, R. J.
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Living Standards,Adolescents,Sexuality,Behavior Problems,Risk,Questionnaires,Health,Well Being,Correlation,Urban Areas,Substance Abuse,Delinquency,Suicide

Background: A conceptual framework about protective factors (models protection, controls protection, support protection) and risk factors (models risk, opportunity risk, vulnerability risk) was employed to articulate the content of five psychosocial contexts of adolescent life--individual, family, peers, school, and neighborhood--in a study of problem behavior. Aims: To identify problem behaviors among adolescents by investigating socio-demographic and psychosocial risk and protective factors. Methods: Questionnaires assessing a broad range of problem behaviors and health and wellbeing, as well as psychosocial risk and protective factors were administered to 1129 (522 males, 607 females) adolescents in the age group of 13 to 20 years in Navi Mumbai. Results: Of those with multi problem behavior 87% were males and 13% were females. Control protection was the salient protective factor while opportunity risk was the salient risk factor. Urban living and low standard of living in adolescents were associated with problem behaviors. Conclusions: The evidence from this study suggests that significant portions of adolescents experience problem behaviors such as substance misuse, delinquency, risky sexual behavior and suicide. (Contains 2 tables.)
Transforming School and Society: Examining the Theoretical Foundations of Scholar-Practitioner Leadership
Author: Hampton, Keri
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Critical Theory,Theory Practice Relationship,Change,Leadership,Democracy,Constructivism (Learning),Transformational Leadership,Social Justice

The purpose of this paper is to examine, using the tenets of cultural theory, critical theory, constructivist theory, and transformational theory as a lens, selected theoretical foundations of the scholar-practitioner. These foundations form the framework for understanding the nature of the scholar-practitioner construct and provide insight into the notion that transformational change cannot be effectively accomplished through the work of the scholar or the work of the practitioner in isolation. True change occurs when scholarship informs practice and practice influences scholarship through the work of the scholar-practitioner. The author argues that the scholar-practitioner leader focuses on transformational change in an effort to create a democratic school and society that exemplify values of social justice, diversity, equity, and works to promote equality.
Childhood Psychopathology and Autonomic Dysregulation: Exploring the Links Using Heart Rate Variability
Author: Srinivasan, Krishnamachari
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Metabolism,Psychopathology,Children,Physiology,Self Control,Correlation,Psychological Patterns,Risk,Heart Disorders

Changes in cardiovascular reactivity have been used as a psychophysiological marker of various emotional states in both children and adults. Recent decades have seen increasing use of heart rate variability as a non-invasive marker of cardiac autonomic function and of central processes involved in autonomic function regulation. Developmental research has linked cardiac vagal tone to an individual's responsivity to environmental challenges and a decrease in vagal component of heart rate variability may reflect deficiencies in emotional regulatory system. Studies with children and adolescents suggest that attenuated cardiac vagal function is seen in various pathophysiological conditions characterised by emotional dysregulation. Thus, alteration in cardiac vagal modulation may be the common mechanism underpinning the association between negative affective states, emotional dysregulation and risk for cardiac disease.
Attachment and Personality Disorders
Author: Sinha, Preeti
Date: 2007-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Personality Problems,Psychopathology,Attachment Behavior,Personality,Patients,Guidance,Therapy,Interpersonal Relationship,Infants,Children,Risk,Intervention,Role,Evidence

Personality disorders (PDs) arise from core psychopathology of interpersonal relationships and understanding of self and others. The distorted representations of self and others, as well as unhealthy relationships that characterize persons with various PDs, indicate the possibility that persons with PDs have insecure attachment. Insecure attachments in infancy and childhood may serve as markers of risk for development of PD. This group of children and adolescents may require special attention and intervention. There is obviously a need for prospective studies regarding the role of attachment style in personality evolution, especially in disorders other than borderline personality disorder. Evidence of differential response to treatment by patients with various attachment styles, emphasizes the need for research to provide guidance on engaging patients in the therapeutic process.
Neurobiology of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia
Author: Biswas, Parthasarathy
Date: 2008-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Schizophrenia,Children,Patients,Neurology,Biology,Brain Hemisphere Functions,Measures (Individuals),Intelligence,Memory,Correlation,Psychopathology,Perceptual Motor Coordination,Genetics,Environmental Influences

In the last decade there has been an exponential increase in studies on neurobiological measures in childhood-onset schizophrenia (COS). There seems to be a consensus that structural changes in COS are more marked than in adolescence-onset (AdOS) or adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS). Atrophy of total brain volume is progressive throughout the course in COS patients unlike later-onset types where it was static. Smaller than normal amounts of regional N-acetylaspartate (NAA) is reported in the hippocampus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in COS. There is non-suppression of primitive reflexes (neurological soft signs) with cortical maturation in patients with COS. COS patients showed significantly greater deficits on scales of IQ, memory and perceptuomotor skills as compared to patients with AdOS and AOS. This review also discusses the various correlations between biological measures and clinical and psychopathological variables.
Neurological Soft Signs in Indian Children with Specific Developmental Disorders of Scholastic Skills
Author: Sadhu, Raja
Date: 2008-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Personality Traits,Foreign Countries,Comparative Analysis,Children,Control Groups,Neurology,Motor Reactions,Task Analysis,Sensory Integration,Spatial Ability,Tests,Acoustics,Neurological Impairments,Learning Disabilities

Aim: To compare the occurrence of neurological soft signs (NSS) in children with specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills (SDDSS) and normal children. Methods: 36 cases of SDDSS were compared with 30 control children regarding sociodemographic and clinical variables and neurological soft signs. Results: Children with SDDSS had significantly more problems in graphaesthesia, motor task, face-hand and face-noise test, 2-point discrimination, maintenance of posture, and rhythmic movements. Conclusions: Children with SDDSS had more NSS in the form of impaired motor task, poorly developed cortical sensory perception and poor body and space concepts. However, the presence of co-morbid hyperkinetic disorder in a large number of SDDSS subjects might have confounded the result. (Contains 3 tables.)
Prevalence of Environmental Smoke Exposure in Households with Children in Jodhpur District, India
Author: Chopra, Anita
Date: 2008-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Smoking,Family Environment,Incidence,Foreign Countries,Children,Surveys,Policy Formation,Public Policy

Aim: The present study assessed the prevalence of child exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) among families with smoking members. Methods: Secondary analysis was conducted on data from a survey done in Jodhpur district (Rajasthan) on substance use in 11459 households. Frequency of smoking by residents in households with children below 10 years of age was ascertained. Results: About 24.5% of children were exposed to ETS. Among surveyed households about 40% had at least one tobacco user and 22.9% at least one smoker. About 86.9% of smokers reported dependent use of tobacco. Among smoking households, 82.7% had at least one child below 10 years of age. Almost all (99.3%) of these households reported daily smoking by members and 55.4% the use of more than 20 cigarettes per day. Conclusions: Tobacco users should be advised about how to limit children's ETS exposure and policy formulation on tobacco control programmes should take this aspect of tobacco use into account. (Contains 1 table.)
Developmental Profile of Infants Born to Mothers with Postpartum Depression and Anxiety: A Comparative Study
Author: Kalita, Kamal Narayan
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mothers,Psychosis,Child Development,Infants,Measures (Individuals),Profiles,Comparative Analysis,Depression (Psychology),Anxiety,Cognitive Development,Hospitals,Check Lists,Age Differences,Correlation,Surgery,Body Weight,Incidence,Foreign Countries,Scores

Background: Postpartum period is associated with higher rates for depression, blues and psychosis. Anxiety is also significant. These disorders may have serious implications in the cognitive development of the infant. There is relative lack of data in this area. So we tried to estimate postpartum anxiety and depression in a group of women and tried to compare its impact on the infants' development. Method: 100 women were assessed for depression and anxiety using Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, ICD-10 criteria. Of the three categories of these postpartum women 10 each mother infant pairs were selected and were given Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales Developmental Profile Infant Toddler Checklist at 6 months. Results: 18% and 15% depression and anxiety were found respectively. Higher maternal age, parity, any post operative history correlated with it significantly. In case of infants, infants born to ill mothers were found to gain weight less as compared with that of infants born to healthy mothers. Moreover they were found to have less scores in the social, speech and symbolic composites. Conclusion: Depression and anxiety are separate clinical conditions having significant prevalence in postpartum period. These clinical conditions have impact on the development of the infant and its early recognition may be beneficial for the newborn and the family. (Contains 5 tables.)
Play Therapy: Voice of a Silent Scream
Author: Rakesh, Annuradha
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Grief,Play,Fantasy,Conflict,Foreign Countries,Emotional Problems,Behavior Disorders,Mental Disorders,Case Studies,Outcomes of Treatment,Females,Young Children,Play Therapy

Play Therapy is based upon the fact that play is the child's natural medium of self-expression. It is an opportunity that is given to the child to &quot;play out&quot; his/her feelings and problems just as, in certain types of adult therapy, an individual &quot;talks out&quot; his difficulties. Children use play to express feelings and thoughts. Play emerges from the child's internal life and reflects the child's internal world. Therefore, children use play to express affect and fantasy and in therapy, to express troubling and conflict-laden feelings. The expression of feelings itself, sometimes termed catharsis, is thought to be therapeutic. There are a few Indian studies on play therapy mainly focused on emotional problems, conduct disorder, and somatoform disorder in children. Play therapy is one of the most suitable therapeutic methods for children in an acute grief situation. The authors state that play-oriented therapy remains the dominant and most enduring approach to child treatment for acute grief. This article presents a case study of a five-year-old girl with acute grief reaction.
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy with Emotionally Disturbed Adolescents Affected by HIV/AIDS
Author: Sinha, Uday K.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Feedback (Response),Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS),Stress Management,Emotional Problems,Intervention,Cognitive Restructuring,Behavior Modification,Mental Health,Therapy,Buddhism,Depression (Psychology),Anxiety,Stress Variables,Metacognition,Adolescents,Symptoms (Individual Disorders),Parent Child Relationship,Compliance (Psychology),Attendance,Outcomes of Treatment

Mindfulness-based approaches have been shown to be useful in a variety of physical and mental health conditions including chronic pain, cancer, psoriasis, eating disorders, anxiety and depression. Mindfulness based CBT finds its origins in Eastern Buddhist meditation which began many centuries ago. Recent studies on CBT with mindfulness have shown psychological effectiveness across a wide range of clinical problems. These include anxiety, depression, stress management, OCD, social anxiety and personality disorders. Clinical reports suggest that mindfulness based therapies can be useful in treating anxiety and depressive symptoms in school-age children. Although there are limited clinical trials of mindfulness based treatment approaches with children, these approaches have been effective in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of Mindfulness-based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (MCBT) for the treatment of emotional problems (internalizing problems, depression, anxiety, hopelessness, and perceived stress) in a sample of adolescents affected by HIV/AIDS. Twelve children ages 13 to 16 years, living with HIV positive parents participated in the 12-week intervention. Assessments were conducted at baseline and post-treatment with the help of self-report and teacher-report measures. Analysis found preliminary support for MCBT as useful in reducing symptoms of emotional disturbances on self and teacher reports to the levels of clinical significance and reliable change. The high attendance rate, high retention rate, adequate compliance, and positive feedback supported treatment feasibility and acceptability. Findings of this study offer MCBT as a potential treatment for emotional disturbances in HIV/AIDS affected adolescents with adequate feasibility and acceptability. However, further research is needed to test the efficacy of the intervention with a larger sample of such adolescents and also with those who meet diagnostic criteria for clinical disorders. (Contains 3 tables.)
Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms among Urban Adolescents of South India
Author: Mohanraj, Rani
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Incidence,Adolescents,Foreign Countries,Gender Differences,Depression (Psychology),Symptoms (Individual Disorders),Urban Areas,Questionnaires,Measures (Individuals),Psychological Patterns,Correlation,Age Differences,Screening Tests,Identification,Therapy,Surveys,Case Studies

Aim: This study aimed to find the prevalence of depressive symptoms among adolescents studying in schools in Chennai. Settings and Design: The study was a school based cross-sectional survey in which data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire from adolescents studying in classes X, XI and XII. Material: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was administered to nine hundred and sixty four adolescents--boys (n=509) girls (n=455)--studying in twenty one schools spread across the city. Results: Based on the cut-off scores, 378 adolescents (39.2%) were found to be non-depressed, 358 (37.1%) were mildly depressed, 187 (19.4%) were moderately depressed and 41 (4.3%) severely depressed. In the present sample of adolescents, among the 21 depressive symptoms in the BDI, experience of emotional manifestations of depression like sadness, irritability, self-accusations and crying spells dominated over cognitive, behavioral and physical manifestations of depression. There were no significant gender differences but a higher proportion of girls (27%) reported moderate to severe depression than boys (21%). There was an association between age and depression with increasing depression in older adolescents. Conclusion: Individual symptoms of depression and depressed mood are common in adolescents. Depressive symptoms are an unrecognized problem among adolescents that necessitates the need for recognition. Thus, understanding the prevalence of adolescent depressive symptoms is important for developing appropriate screening strategies, treatment planning, follow-up for those small proportion of adolescents who could become clinically depressed. Current poor understanding of the factors that influence depressive symptoms makes these efforts challenging. (Contains 4 tables.)
Transsexualism in the Indian Context
Author: Vinay, B.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mental Health,Surgery,Foreign Countries,Sexual Identity,Self Concept,Males,Social Bias,Social Attitudes,Psychological Patterns

Transsexualism is a desire to live and be accepted as a member of the opposite sex, usually accompanied by a sense of discomfort with, or inappropriateness of, one's anatomic sex and a wish to have hormonal treatment and surgery to make one's body as congruent as possible with the preferred sex (ICD-10). There are an estimated one million Hijras, the common Urdu term for transsexuals in India, representing approximately one in every 400 post-pubertal persons born male. Despite being acknowledged over centuries as &quot;arvanis&quot; in India, these transsexuals live on the fringe of the society as &quot;third gender&quot; and are often driven to eke out a living by begging and prostitution. The stigma and anonymity have an enduring effect on the mental health of the transsexuals. However, there is also a paucity of published literature about transgender/transsexuality in mental health journals. This article presents a case report of a transsexual individual, highlighting the psychosocial issues in the Indian context.