ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
How to Ensure Ethicality of Action Research in the Classroom?
Author: Peltokorpi, Eeva-Liisa
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethics,Action Research,Elementary School Students,Coping,Teacher Researchers,Childrens Rights,Emotional Development,Child Safety,Interpersonal Relationship,Power Structure,Interviews,Freehand Drawing,Diaries,Observation,Foreign Countries

During the past few years, child research has increased both when it comes to various disciplines and various methods. The purpose of this article is to discuss those common, special ethical viewpoints that the researcher has to take into consideration when conducting action research in the classroom. The article is based on the teacher-researcher's action research which was carried out among 7-9-year-old pupils (N = 21). The purpose was to study their emotional coping. The focus is on the following question: how to secure the children's position and voices by leaning on the principle that research should be just, valuable, and good-producing and not harm the children or have a malign influence on the phenomenon studied. The purpose is to encourage researchers to do child research and to help them pay attention to ethical challenges in the various phases of research.
Measuring Education Inequalities: Concentration and Dispersion-Based Approach. Lessons from Kuznets Curve in MENA Region
Author: Ibourk, Aomar
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Equal Education,Age Groups,Foreign Countries,Classification,Economic Development,Qualitative Research,Statistical Analysis

Although the quantity of education is widely used to measure the economical and social performances of educative systems, only a few works have addressed the issue of equity in education. In this work, we have calculated two measures of inequality in education based on Barro and Lee's (2010) data: the Gini index of education and the standard deviation of schooling. The sample comprises 15 countries from the MENA region over the period 1950-2010. We used hierarchical clustering to control for the heterogeneity of the sample and identify the existence of cluster of similar value. We applied the Kuznets curve of education over the countries of the region. The findings show a decline in the Gini index within all the participating countries, for men and women and also for all age groups. The results also indicate that the education distribution was more unequal in the middle-income countries than in the higher-income countries in 2010, although they had almost the same level in 1970. The results suggested that the shape of the Kuznets curve depends basically on the measure used to approximate the inequality. Indeed, the Kuznets hypothesis is emphasized once we use the standard deviation of schooling. The Gini index, for its part, has maintained a significant negative relationship within the average number of years of the study.
The American Professoriate: A Status Check of Factors and Perceptions
Author: Francis, Raymond W.
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Scholarship,College Faculty,Teacher Attitudes,Tenure,Liberal Arts,Research Universities,Instruction,Surveys,Statistical Analysis

Since the publication of &quot;Scholarship Reconsidered: Priorities of the Professoriate&quot; (Boyer, 1990) many changes have taken place in higher education in America. However, how have faculty perceptions of aspects of the professoriate such as teaching, research, publishing, administration, quality, and areas of interest, changed in the twenty-plus years since the initial research on this topic. This project provides an overview and insight in the current concerns of faculty with respect to promotion and tenure issues. The findings suggest a number of changes have taken place in the way scholarship is perceived by faculty. Publishing still maintains a significant role in decision-making about tenure and promotion and there is still a significant difference in the perception of factors in achieving tenure and promotion between research institutions and liberal arts institutions. There are differences between tenured and non-tenured faculty in concerning what constitutes appropriate scholarship. The scholarship of teaching is seen as important by faculty and yet most have indicated they have little formal teacher training. In both research and liberal arts institutions research and grant writing are seen as important, but there is also a concern that these activities detract from the primary role as a teacher.
What Is It to Be an Artist Teacher in England Today?
Author: Thornton, Alan
Date: 2012-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Artists,Art Education,Foreign Countries,Art Teachers,Faculty Development

With the continuing development of the Artist Teacher Scheme (ATS) it seems an opportune moment to ask the question: What is it to be an artist teacher in England today? The term &quot;artist teacher&quot; and the concept it reflects are initially viewed here in a historical context. A conceptual model based on previous research into the education of artist teachers is proposed as a response to the ontological question. In this model artist teachers are understood as individuals committed to personal practice as art makers and art teachers who work predominantly but not exclusively in the secondary or tertiary sectors of art education. The article concludes by identifying some of the aims of the ATS and how they relate to art education, particularly in the maintained sector. Also it is proposed that the model presented could help artist teachers to focus beliefs and practices and that the education system should support the continuing professional development of these dual practitioners.
Academic Programme Development and the Participation of Relevant Interest Groups for Quality Manpower Production in Nigeria Higher Education
Author: Agabi, Ogar G.
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Program Development,Labor Force Development,Discussion Groups,Participation,Labor Market,Foreign Countries,Higher Education,Curriculum Development,Employers

Quality manpower production is not just essential for national development, but very critical to national security and quick economic recovery in most of today's fragile economies of the world. This paper assessed the participation of prospective employers as relevant interest groups in the development of academic programmes in tertiary institutions and the adequacy of the skilled manpower being produced from these programmes in meeting the manpower needs of the economy. Academic Programme Development Evaluation Questionnaire (APDEQ) was designed, validated, tested for reliability (with an r-coefficient of 0.82) and administered on a stratified random sample of 88 Heads of Academic Units (HAU) of three categories of tertiary institutions (100% of population) and 35 Human Resources Managers (HRM) of five categories of companies (30% of population) within the Trans-Amadi Industrial Layout in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Two research questions and one hypothesis were raised. The analysis of the survey results using weighted mean opinion and t-test statistics revealed that prospective employers of labour are not maximally participating in academic programme development in tertiary institutions and such programmes are not adequate in developing the quality of skilled manpower needed to meet the specific needs of these prospective employers. The implications of this result was discussed and the researchers concluded that the quality manpower production which is needed to address the rising graduate unemployment phenomenon cannot be achieved without the active participation of relevant interest groups in the development of academic programmes. Such programmes must then guide the production of adequate skilled manpower to meet the specific needs of the economy. The need to take concrete steps, both by the tertiary institutions and appropriate professional and regulatory bodies to actualize these were recommended.
Eliciting Persian Requests: DCT and Role Play Data
Author: Rasekh, Abbass Eslami
Date: 2012-06-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Role Playing,Validity,Speech Acts,Social Status,Foreign Countries,Native Language,Social Distance,Interlanguage,College Students,Responses,Oral Language,Intonation,Pragmatics,Evaluation Methods,Males,Engineering Education

The validity of speech act data taken from different kinds of elicitation instruments has been widely discussed in interlangauge and cross cultural pragmatics literature. In this study an attempt is made to evaluate and investigate data taken from two of the most popular speech act instruments namely, written DCT and closed role play. The responses of forty Iranian university students in their native language (Persian) were investigated across the speech act of request. The distinguishing feature of the study is using the same participants for the two methods; in this way we can have an account of intra-participant variations. The social status and distance of the participants were both equal. Differences were found in the length and content of the responses. Respondents to role play tended to have longer responses and it was mainly because of the longer and higher number of alerters and supportive moves used in the role play. In the written data we witnessed more direct strategies used in the request Head Acts. Likewise, modification devices used in the oral data had a softer tone and in terms of request perspective the oral data provided more impersonal responses while the requests in the written data were more hearer-oriented. Overall, it seems that the data gathered through role play is more natural than DCT. Finally it is discussed that the choice of data gathering instrument in pragmatics research is to a large extent dependent on the goals of the researcher and research questions.
The Socio-Materiality of Learning Practices and Implications for the Field of Learning Technology
Author: Johri, Aditya
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Technology,Educational Technology,Informal Education,Case Studies,Federal Aid,Engineering Education,Instructional Design,Multimedia Instruction,Computer Simulation,Internet,Computer Uses in Education,Influence of Technology,Handheld Devices,Electronic Learning,Technology Integration,Educational Theories,College Instruction,Synchronous Communication

Although the use of digital information technologies in education has become commonplace, there are few, if any, central guiding frameworks or theories that explicate the relationship between technology and learning practices. In this paper, I argue that such a theoretical framework can assist scholars and practitioners alike by working as a conduit to study and design learning technologies. Towards this goal, I propose socio-materiality as a key theoretical construct with valuable insights and implications for the field of learning technology. Socio-materiality helps balance the disproportionate attention given to either the social implications of technology use or the material aspects of technology design. Furthermore, I forward "socio-material bricolage" as a useful analytical framework to examine and design technology-infused learning environments. I illustrate the value of the framework by applying it to three case studies of formal and informal technology-based learning.
Situated, Embodied and Social Problem-Solving in Virtual Worlds
Author: Cram, Andrew
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Expertise,Problem Solving,Social Environment,Learning Activities,Vignettes,Training Methods,Educational Technology,Instructional Design,Computer Simulation,Case Studies,Occupational Safety and Health,Simulated Environment,Role Playing,Interviews

Contemporary theories of problem-solving highlight that expertise is domain specific, contingent on the social context and available resources, and involves knowledge, skills, attitudes, emotions and values. Developing educational activities that incorporate all of these elements is a challenge. Through case studies, this paper outlines how situated, embodied and social problem-solving activities within virtual worlds can elicit responses that engage all facets of expertise.
Technologies for Learning? An Actor-Network Theory Critique of "Affordances" in Research on Mobile Learning
Author: Wright, Steve
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Information Analyses
Subjects: Educational Technology,Telecommunications,Research Methodology,Literature Reviews,Network Analysis,Technology Integration,Educational Theories,Educational Research,Discourse Analysis,Handheld Devices,Electronic Learning

How is the link between learner and technology made in mobile learning? What is the value of the concept of "affordances"? And how does research articulating this concept act to position mobile devices as "technologies for learning"? This literature review used both unstructured and structured search samples of published research on mobile learning to critically evaluate the prevalence and influence of the concept of the affordances of mobile technologies. Actor-network theory is drawn on as a theoretical lens through which to critically consider how this concept is articulated, and in particular to explore the way it positions and controls mobile devices as technologies for learning. Parallels in contemporary accounts of mobile learning are drawn with classifications of previous discourses around the introduction of computers into schools. An alternative agenda for mobile learning research is suggested with a focus on authentic and informal contexts rather than controlled experiments.
Revealing the Transformatory Moment of Learning Technology: The Place of Critical Social Theory
Author: Hall, Richard
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Practices,Educational Technology,Cultural Influences,Social Theories,Critical Theory,Holistic Approach,Politics of Education,Social Systems,Social Influences,Educational Environment,Role of Education,Technology Integration,Higher Education,Marxian Analysis

In revealing the transformatory moment of learning technology, a holistic and ongoing critique that is related to a range of socio-cultural factors is required. This critique further uncovers the social relations that frame the place of learning technology in bourgeois capitalist work and the development of the knowledge economy. This article argues that critical social theory, and the social and power relationships that it highlights, is central to the uncovering of this revelation. As a result of a holistic, or totalising, analysis based upon the political economy of technology in education, a framework that enables educators to examine its educational value is uncovered. Iterating and re-producing this framework works as a constant critique of educational practice within capitalism, and critiques deterministic or hegemonic views of technology-as-progress. As a result, this article seeks to demonstrate how critical social theory might enable educators to analyse learning technology as historically situated, and thereby to use critique to reveal and produce practical alternatives to socio-cultural problems.
No Thanks to Gratitude
Author: Ceaser, James W.
Date: 2011-12-01
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: United States History,Social Values,Civics,Social Studies,Religion,Information Technology,Socioeconomic Status,Emotional Response,Altruism,Psychological Patterns,Public Policy

Gratitude is one of the most fundamental and complex of the virtues, overlapping with and undergirding many of the others. Is gratitude today a diminishing virtue, less evident than it was in the past? And if so, how much of this decline is due to government or political action and how much to general trends that are operating in the culture at large? These are difficult questions, and it is hard to prove any answer beyond a reasonable doubt. Many thinkers today contend that there has been a steep decline in the ethos of gratitude in modern America, citing as causes failures in civic education and a diminishing influence of religion. In addition, wealth and technology appear to have increased expectations and allowed many people to take much for granted. The relative security of today, in which there have been no wars on a major scale, may also contribute to this decline. Still, the disposition for gratitude can never be eliminated. It resides in the human heart. There will always be occasions, whether born of concerns for one's own well-being and that of their loved ones, or of the safety of the nation, where the power of a gift breaks through the veneer of a sense of control and security and makes people feel grateful. It may be, however, that people are too prone today to search for trends, as if the only reason to validate a concern about a virtue is if conditions are deteriorating. For most enduring human problems, trends occur at the margins, and slight changes, which are usually beyond people's powers to detect, do not really touch the essence of the matter. When it comes to public gratitude, whatever trend may be afoot, people can be certain that sustaining a living history will always prove to be a difficult challenge. The author contends that if people are to be true to the spirit of the gifts of those who created this nation, keeping alive its great memories is something people owe not just to themselves, but to all mankind.
China: Big Changes Coming Soon
Author: Rowen, Henry S.
Date: 2011-12-01
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Economic Change,Foreign Countries,Change Strategies,Social Change,Economic Climate,Economic Development,Economic Factors,Economic Impact,Economic Progress,Public Policy,Political Influences,Macroeconomics,Performance Factors

Big changes are ahead for China, probably abrupt ones. The economy has grown so rapidly for many years, over 30 years at an average of nine percent a year, that its size makes it a major player in trade and finance and increasingly in political and military matters. This growth is not only of great importance internationally, it is already having profound domestic social effects and it is bound to have internal political ones--sooner or later. Two kinds of changes are in store: (1) political; and (2) economic. There is a significant chance of either, or both, political and economic change in China occurring at some point before 2020. If this change happens, the order in which these two events occur could make a major difference, although one can only guess at how events might play out. If substantial political liberalizing were to occur first, then a less-than-huge economic slowdown shouldn't have a traumatic effect. But if it were to happen the other way around, if economic change comes before political change, then a sharp economic slowdown might result in political liberalizing, or a conservative faction might succeed in tightening the screws, or there might be an extended period of political turbulence. One way or another, developments in China in the next decade have a high probability of deeply affecting the rest of the world--more so than they have already and in very different ways.
A "Nomos" for Art and Design
Author: McGuirk, Tom
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Art,Design,Research,Reflection,Relationship,Intellectual Disciplines,Educational History,Philosophy,Research Methodology,Higher Education

This article examines the relationship between reflecting and making in the context of the new institutional connection between research and art/design. The article argues that while this new dispensation offers exciting possibilities for fruitful cross- and interdisciplinary development, caution is necessary to ensure that the artistic domain retains a level of autonomy within the broader university. For elucidation, the article initially looks to the early history of education in our fields and to Pierre Bourdieu's account of the "early moments of the autonomization of the artistic field," in his critique of the "scholastic disposition." Bourdieu recognises "a repression of the material determinations of symbolic practices" within those early developments: in effect, a repression of those embodied, situated, and practical aspects of art and design production. He regards such repression as a trait of the broader academy, both then and in subsequent and recent periods. The article argues that this attitude still provides the impetus for what James Elkins refers to as "the incommensurability of studio art production and university life." The article further argues that a parity of esteem between reflecting and making is vital not only for the sake of the stability of the fields of art and design but for the ongoing development of the broader university. In this argument the article looks to the work of John Dewey, Martin Heidegger, and Hans-Georg Gadamer.
A Discrete Continuity: On the Relation between Research and Art Practice
Author: O'Riley, Tim
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Research,Art,Relationship,Philosophy,Sciences

This short article discusses the nature of research and art practice and makes a case for the necessary intermingling of these activities. It does not attempt to define a space for art to operate as research, quite the opposite: research is an operating structure for the process and production of, among other things, art. It is regarded as integral to the processes of thinking, making, and reflecting, and it is important to note that curiosity, creative enquiry, and critical reflection underpin much that is considered research in various fields. The author asserts that these processes are not necessarily discipline-specific although particular disciplines have specific procedures and goals. It is argued that "provisionality" is central to what art can offer other disciplines; it can make a virtue of incompleteness. The author suggests that art open itself up to quizzical scrutiny and help others to recognise that research has long been, and will continue to be, a driving force within its makeup. The article posits an expanded notion of the artwork that is essentially provisional and reliant on spectatorial involvement. (Contains 1 figure.)
Art Portraying Medicine
Author: Koski, Kaisu
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Democracy,Artists,Medicine,Art Products,Physicians,Patients,Physician Patient Relationship,Human Body,Video Technology

A number of art projects are currently tackling the medical domain. This activity stems from a perceived need to increase the transparency and democracy of the medical domain, and it often questions the power relations and the one-dimensionality in current medical practices. This article sheds light on how artists process medical themes, elaborates on research elements embedded in art making processes, and considers the relevance of artists' projects for researchers from other disciplines. It deliberates on the author's media and performance art practice in exploring the doctor-patient relationship and discusses the artistic methods and techniques employed. The article promotes the personal, imaginative, and figurative characteristics in the discussion and signification of the body in medicine. (Contains 2 figures.)