ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
The Role of Health Education Specialists in Supporting Global Health and the Millennium Development Goals
Author: Geiger, Brian F.
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Health Education,Health Personnel,Specialists,Role,Advocacy,Public Health,Child Health,Global Approach,Goal Orientation,Futures (of Society),Employment Qualifications,Job Skills,Human Capital,Standards,Health Programs,Program Design,Conferences (Gatherings),Professional Training,Health Promotion

Knowledge and skills for global health program design, implementation and monitoring is an expectation for practicing public health professionals. Major health education professional organizations including American Association for Health Education (AAHE), Society of Public Health Education (SOPHE) and International Union for Health Promotion and Education (IUHPE) participated in the 2008 Galway Conference to develop standards and quality assurance systems for enhancing workforce capacity in global health education and promotion. To help promote the health of all people, eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were ratified by United Nations (UN) Member States to be achieved by 2015. Heads of state met at the General Assembly and the Secretary General reported worldwide progress concerning the achievement of MDGs during the summer of 2010. This article presents implications of MDGs for public health professionals including the topics of child and maternal mortality and women's reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, malaria and other major diseases, and environmental sustainability. Specifically, this article also discusses how health education specialists can contribute to the achievement of MDGs 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8, due to their unique professional training and demonstrated competencies. (Contains 1 table.)
E-Health Literacy Competencies among Undergraduate Health Education Students: A Preliminary Study
Author: Hanik, Bruce
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Literacy,Health Materials,Health Education,Majors (Students),Internet,Access to Information,Undergraduate Students,Information Skills,Student Evaluation,Multivariate Analysis,Research Skills

Background: Because of the widespread access to health information on the Internet, researchers have begun to investigate e-health literacy skills among college students. Preliminary findings indicate that the general population of college students may not have adequate skills to sufficiently search for, locate, and/or evaluate electronic sources of health information. E-health literacy is an important area for health education undergraduate students, but little research has been conducted targeting this population. Objective: To investigate perceived and actual e-health literacy among health education undergraduate majors at a large Southwestern university. Methods: A convenience sample of health education students completed the Research Readiness Self-Assessment-health (RRSA-h), an online instrument designed to assess perceived and actual ability to obtain and evaluate e-health information. Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine associations between perceived and actual e-health literacy. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine actual ability to obtain and evaluate e-health information according to current academic standing. Results: Seventy-seven (n = 77) undergraduate students (88% female) reported actual mean e-health literacy test scores (39.3%-50.4%) which were markedly inferior to mean ratings of perceived e-health literacy (75.3%-78.5%). Perceived ability to evaluate e-health information was correlated with actual ability (r = 0.26, P = 0.045), while perceived and actual ability to obtain e-health information was not. Students of advanced academic status (e.g., juniors and seniors), however, reported higher overall e-health literacy than their younger counterparts (F (4,140) = 2.597, p = 0.039). Conclusion: Health education students appear to lack important e-health literacy skills, especially those students who have less academic experience. The field of health education would benefit from including more coursework across professional preparatory degree programs to adequately prepare undergraduate students to use e-health resources. (Contains 4 tables and 1 figure.)
Parental Perspectives on Alcohol Use among School-Aged Children in Ghana
Author: Obeng, Cecilia
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Drinking,Hygiene,Foreign Countries,Alcohol Abuse,Parents,Rewards,Parent Attitudes,Parent Child Relationship,Parent Influence,Public Policy,Legislation,Social Attitudes,Child Health

Research on alcohol misuse and abuse indicates that it can cause many personal health and family problems. This study investigated whether Ghanaian parents would reward their children with alcohol if they sent the children to buy alcoholic drinks and whether they would favor legislation banning children from using alcohol. Also addressed in this study was how parental attitudes towards alcohol affect children's attitudes toward alcohol. A total of 104 parents were included in this research. The data were analyzed using basic descriptive statistics for the closed-ended questions and thematic analysis for questions that were open-ended. Results indicated that 81% of the respondents had not sent children to buy alcohol, whereas 16% had done so; 3% had no recollection. Of the respondents who had sent children to buy alcohol, 43.8% had rewarded them with alcoholic drinks. The majority of the parents who rewarded the children with alcohol were drinkers themselves. Overall, 95% of the parents in the study favored legislation banning children from using alcohol. With parents overwhelmingly in favor of legislation banning children from using alcohol, a larger study should be conducted that explores the views of parents throughout Ghana as one step in an initiative to tackle alcohol-use among Ghanaian children. (Contains 3 tables.)
Advance Directives for End-of-Life Care and the Role of Health Education Specialists: Applying the Theory of Reasoned Action
Author: Tremethick, Mary Jane
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Terminal Illness,Health Services,Death,Values,Beliefs,Context Effect,Preferences,Health Education,Educational Needs,Older Adults,Specialists,Role

Quality end-of-life care is subjective and based on individual values and beliefs. An advance directive provides a legal means of communicating these values and beliefs, as well as preferences in regards to end-of-life care when an individual is no longer able to make his or her desires known. In many nations, advance directives are underused leaving many vulnerable to end-of-life care that may be incompatible with their personal preferences. Health education specialists can have a positive impact on this issue. Through programs provided in the community, individuals and particularly older adults, can be educated about advance directives and the role they play in ensuring personal wishes are carried out relative to end-of-life care. Application of the Theory of Reasoned Action provides a means of meeting the educational needs of older adults in regards to advance directives.
An Early Window of Opportunity for Promoting Girls' Health: Policy Implications of the Girl's Puberty Book Project in Tanzania
Author: Sommer, Marni
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Puberty,Females,Adolescents,Physiology,Educational Policy,Participatory Research,Low Income Groups,Information Dissemination,Public Health,Change,Human Body,Knowledge Level,Books,Adjustment (to Environment),English,African Languages,Feedback (Response)

The onset of puberty, and specifically menstruation, is an opportune moment for reaching girls as they transition into adolescence and young womanhood. Despite the importance of this transitional period, the reproductive health community has tended to overlook the onset of menstruation and early puberty in global, national and local policy and practice in low-income countries. This paper will describe one response to this gap in attention, the Tanzania girl's puberty book project, which was developed through participatory research conducted with Tanzanian girls in 2006-2007. An initial pilot distribution and evaluation of the girl's book was followed by sustained efforts with local stakeholders that led to the girl's puberty book being integrated into government level policy in education and WASH in schools, and over 140,000 copies being disseminated. The Tanzania girl's puberty book project has implications for girls' health and education policy across low-income countries, and is being adapted for Ghana, with plans for developing an Ethiopia book in 2012. (Contains 5 figures.)
The Healthy Web--Access to Online Health Information for Individuals with Disabilities
Author: Geiger, Brian
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Web Sites,Health Education,Disabilities,Access to Education,Internet,Access to Information,Legal Responsibility,Federal Legislation,Delivery Systems,Standards,Educational Technology,Accessibility (for Disabled),Accountability,Guidelines

Background: The Internet can be an invaluable resource for obtaining health information by people with disabilities. Although valid and reliable information is available, previous research revealed barriers to accessing health information online. Health education specialists have the responsibilities to insure that it is accessible to all users. IDEA and ADA mandate full participation in society by people with disabilities of all ages. Healthy People 2020 also includes objectives aimed at improving health information delivery, comprehension and application in daily life. Methods: This paper summarizes legal requirements and standards to present health information using technology and offers practical guidelines for accessible health education programs. Accessibility of online information was determined for representative consumer health web sites using an evaluation tool developed by Web Accessibility In Mind (Web AIM). Web sites were evaluated according to four accessibility principles: Perceivable, Operable, Understandable and Robust. Results: Despite available standards to design web sites without barriers, online health information is not accessible to all users. WAVE revealed accessibility errors on representative consumer health web sites, ranging from zero errors (autism information hosted by the National Library of Medicine) to 15 errors (sleep information from CNN Health). These errors may limit access to users with disabilities. Conclusions: Implementing guidelines for universal design for learning will diminish the digital divide. Health education specialists may direct consumers to web sites designed with accessibility in mind according to Web Content Accessibility Guidelines.
The Reliability and Construct Validity of American College Students' Responses to the WHOQOL-BREF
Author: D'Abundo, Michelle
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Quality of Life,Measures (Individuals),Construct Validity,Goodness of Fit,English,College Students,Factor Analysis,Test Reliability

The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-100) instrument was developed to assess quality of life from a multi-dimensional perspective. A shorter 26-item version of the instrument was created called the WHOQOL-BREF, which is the focus of this study. Based on previous research, it is unclear if the WHOQOL-BREF instrument is appropriate for use with English-speaking, American college populations. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and construct validity of English-speaking, American College Students' responses to WHOQOL-BREF. One thousand seven hundred and seventy-three American college students from a southeastern university completed the WHOQOL-BREF in a confidential online format. Factor analyses were conducted and model fit was assessed using multiple fit indices. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis indicated that the prescribed four-factor model did not provide a good fit for the current data. An Exploratory Factor Analysis indicated a five-factor model was the best fit. However, the results of goodness-of-fit indices indicated the five-factor model was also a poor fit. This research showed inadequate construct validity through confirmatory factor analysis. Further validation studies of the instrument with English-speaking, American college students are recommended. (Contains 3 tables.)
Preliminary Evaluation of the "Playing the Game" Sexual Assault Prevention Theatre Program
Author: Thatcher, W. Gregory
Date: 2011-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Rape,Victims of Crime,Student Surveys,Prevention,Program Effectiveness,Program Evaluation,Theater Arts,Video Technology,Comparative Analysis,College Students,Campuses,On Campus Students,Control Groups,Behavior Change

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of a one-time sexual assault prevention theatre performance against a similar content video performance and a non-intervention control group. Methods: Using the College Date Rape Attitudes and Behaviors Survey, four-hundred ninety-seven students provided matched pairs data for analysis. Results: At a three-month follow-up when compared to students in other groups, those participating in the theatre program had limited, but noticeable attitude changes and one significant behavior change. Specifically, participants in the theatre group changed their attitudes on women provoking rape, "no" meaning "no" and stopping activity when consent is not stated. Discussion: Educational content/dialogue must be very specific when addressing individual topics on attitudes people hold on the subject of sexual assault. Theatrical performances may be effective programming to reduce sexual assaults on college campuses. (Contains 3 tables.)
High School Career Education: Policy and Practice
Author: Truong, Hanh Quah Theresa
Date: 2011-08-18
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: High Schools,Career Planning,Career Education,Foreign Countries,Educational Practices,Educational Policy,Interviews,Questionnaires,Counselor Attitudes,Student Attitudes,Student Needs,Comprehensive Guidance,Career Counseling,Participant Satisfaction

A considerable amount of research in a number of different jurisdictions has shown student dissatisfaction with career counselling in secondary schools. This article explores policy and practice by reflecting on two counsellor interviews and 35 student responses to a questionnaire about career education in a single Ontario high school. Students noted a level of certainty about their postsecondary plans, and reported experiential learning being most helpful to career planning. However, demands on counsellors' time are seen as substantial and dissatisfaction with program provisions remains high. High student-counsellor ratios, over-extended counsellor responsibilities and low student initiative suggest a need for different approaches to helping students plan for their postsecondary careers. (Contains 1 figure.)
Impact of the Nova Scotia School Accreditation Program on Teaching and Student Learning: An Initial Study
Author: Wood, Christine
Date: 2011-09-21
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Educational Improvement,Teacher Participation,Program Effectiveness,Foreign Countries,Boards of Education,Accreditation (Institutions),Secondary School Students,Teaching Methods,Learning Processes,Surveys,Interviews,Academic Achievement

School accreditation is one process currently mandated in Nova Scotia schools to facilitate school improvement efforts. This mixed methods study sought to discover and describe the impact of the Nova Scotia School Accreditation Program (NSSAP) specifically on teaching and student learning in three secondary schools in one school board. Surveys, interviews, and school documents provided data concerning the nature of each school's respective improvement goals and subsequent implemented strategies. An analysis follows that considers the NSSAP impact on teacher participation and student achievement, and the ambiguity of program success. (Contains 3 footnotes, 2 tables and 3 figures.)
&quot;Put on a Happy Face&quot;: Tenure, Grievance, and Governance
Author: de Montigny, Gerald
Date: 2011-10-19
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Tenure,Ethnography,Grievance Procedures,Integrity,College Faculty,College Administration,Decision Making,Administrator Attitudes,Competition,Reputation,Institutional Mission,Institutional Advancement,Governance,Foreign Countries,Student Recruitment

This paper examines the processes of tenure denial and appeal from the standpoint of the author, who has been the Grievance Chair at Carleton University since 2000. The focus is on the ways that the grievance process as textually mediated provides for regulation and control over the forms of interaction between appellants and senior administration. The paper provides an ethnography of grievance work during the appeal process, to advance our understanding of ways that participants to the process deploy texts to produce accountable institutional orders. Further, by examining the ways that senior administrators justify their decision to deny faculty tenure, we can glimpse the emerging dynamics of inter-university competition for students, research funding, and prestige. It is argued that the decisions of senior administrators to use tenure denials, as a means to remake the university, not only threaten faculty, but threaten the integrity of the university mission. (Contains 1 table and 10 footnotes.)
Income Integration at School
Author: Wax, Amy L.
Date: 2011-10-01
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Disadvantaged Youth,Outcomes of Education,Demography,Educational Change,Educational Objectives,Race,Racial Integration,Income,Classification,Student Diversity,Educational Improvement,High Schools,Urban Areas,Educational Policy

James Ryan, a prominent and learned law professor at the University of Virginia (and a former colleague of the author), has produced a scholarly, well-written, and exhaustively researched book on education policy, &quot;Five Miles Away, A World Apart&quot; (Oxford). This article presents the author's critique on Ryan's book. The author argues that the book is fatally flawed. She contends that the problem is that Ryan ignores reality. A clearer example of &quot;educational romanticism&quot;--to use Charles Murray's evocative phrase--would be hard to imagine. Ryan asserts that &quot;the continued separation of urban and suburban students has been the most dominant and important theme in education law and policy for the last fifty years.' Because demography tracks geography, that division translates into schools stratified by income, class, and race. Ryan sees this pattern as a formula for inequality. His goal is income integration: to educate &quot;rich and poor students alike, equally and together in the same schools.&quot; Because racial minorities--and especially blacks--are disproportionately low-income, income integration will increase racial diversity as well. Here, the author points out that Ryan's goal does not originate with him, as class mixing has been championed by reformers for some time as a rearguard action against the failure of racial integration. Although Ryan claims that integrating schools by income will &quot;prepare students to be better citizens,&quot; he devotes far more attention to a more pragmatic goal: improving educational outcomes for disadvantaged children by placing them among more affluent peers. The bottom line is that income integration is more zero-sum than win-win.
Potential for Inclusion of Information Encountering within Information Literacy Models
Author: Erdelez, Sanda
Date: 2011-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Literacy,Access to Information,Search Strategies,Literature Reviews,Models,Elementary Secondary Education,Educational Technology,Computer Uses in Education

Introduction: Information encountering (finding information while searching for some other information), is a type of opportunistic discovery of information that complements purposeful approaches to finding information. The motivation for this paper was to determine if the current models of information literacy instruction refer to information encountering. Method: Through a literature search we identified five information literacy models popular in the U.S. elementary and secondary school environment and evaluated their descriptions to determine if they include information encountering. We relied on the literature sources that provide initial descriptions of the information literacy models and the secondary literature that discusses the application of the models. Analysis: The analysis for the presence of information encountering first included independent readings by the research team members, followed by a collective discussion of observations to formulate the findings. Results: None of the information literacy models included explicit reference to information encountering or other types of opportunistic discovery of information; however, they all have components that can accommodate this type of information behaviour. Conclusions: Within each of the five analysed models there are stages where natural occurrences of information encountering are possible and could be articulated for students. Additional empirical research is needed about the impact of information encountering-enhanced models of information literacy on the students' learning outcomes and instructional processes. (Contains 1 table and 1 figure.)
The Constitution and Its Critics
Author: Main, Thomas J.
Date: 2011-06-01
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Undergraduate Study,Slavery,Federal Government,Constitutional Law,Elections,Civil Rights,Disproportionate Representation,Democratic Values,Political Attitudes,Power Structure,Presidents,Course Content

In planning a freshman undergraduate curriculum with colleagues recently, the question arose as to what type of understanding educators wanted to impart to their students about the Constitution. The alleged defects of the Constitution that these books point to are wide-ranging and can be classified into various categories. Some problems--such as slavery, the disenfranchisement of women and blacks, and the election of senators by state legislatures--are historical in nature. There are two other types of supposed constitutional defects. The first type are very real but not as widely appreciated as they should be, such as equal state representation in the Senate. They raise the question of whether there is any realistic chance of reform. The second type are supposed defects that turn out to be nothing less than the entire structure of separation of powers and checks and balances. In this article, the author takes another look at America's fundamental document and its critics.