ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Shifts in Postdiscrimination Gradients within a Stimulus Dimension Based on Bilateral Facial Symmetry
Author: Derenne, Adam
Date: 2010-05-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Stimulus Generalization,Discrimination Learning,Shift Studies,Visual Stimuli,Human Body,Geometry,Undergraduate Students,Comparative Analysis

A shift in generalization gradients away from S+ and towards stimuli on the opposite end of the stimulus dimension from S- is a well established phenomenon in the laboratory, occurring with humans and nonhumans and with a wide range of stimuli. The phenomenon of gradient shifts has also been observed to have an analogous relationship to a variety of apparent biases in preference observed in the natural environment. One way to examine the validity of such analogies is by examining whether gradient shifts can be observed with complex and naturalistic stimuli. In the present experiment, undergraduates were trained to discriminate between faces that varied in terms of relative bilateral facial symmetry (a stimulus dimension correlated with health and attractiveness). Comparisons were made within subjects, using two sets of images. For both sets, the faces varied from naturally asymmetrical to symmetrical, and S+ was a face equidistant to the two extremes. With one set, S- was the naturally asymmetrical face, and with the other, S- was the symmetrical face. A peak shift was obtained in both conditions, although the effect was clearer in the aggregate than on the level of the individual. Overall, the results are consistent with the view that the processes responsible for gradient shifts in the lab are relevant to judgments made in the natural environment. (Contains 5 figures and 1 table.)
Enhance Your Twitter Experience
Author: Miller, Shannon McClintock
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Social Networks,Computer Mediated Communication,Network Analysis,Media Literacy,Technological Literacy,Change Strategies,Guidelines,Technology Uses in Education

The author has been encouraging teachers, students, and others to join Twitter and build their personal learning networks (PLNs) ever since she delved into this great social networking site. In this article, she offers a few other tools and tips that can improve the Twitter experience of those who have opened up an account and dabbled a bit but still don't see the point. A list of twitter twerminology is also included in this article. (Contains 4 online resources.)
The Integration of Instruction Strategies into an E-Learning Environment
Author: Caniels, Marjolein C. J.
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Electronic Learning,Educational Strategies,Integrated Curriculum,Distance Education,Educational Resources,Internet,Delivery Systems,Database Management Systems,Interviews,Teacher Attitudes,Instructional Design,Material Development,Performance Factors,Courseware,Foreign Countries

Most e-learning environments are applications in which the teacher uploads study materials that students download. This approach to e-learning discards the fact that didactic principles should be part of a broader instruction strategy aimed at achieving certain goals. It is possible for e-learning tools to support and improve didactical principles. This paper demonstrates how several instruction strategies can be integrated successfully into an e-learning environment. Further, the paper points out the various issues that should be addressed by an e-learning application to increase workflow efficiency for all actors involved in student education. We use a newly developed e-learning environment to illustrate how e-learning tools can help in reaching these efficiency goals. (Contains 1 table, 2 figures, and 10 footnotes.)
Get a Vocation: Keeping on Top of Studies--Reducing the Drop-Out Rate in Vocational Upper Secondary Education and Training
Author: Jappinen, Aini-Kristiina
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Strategic Planning,Social Support Groups,Schools,Educational Counseling,Classroom Environment,Foreign Countries,Dropouts,Teaching Methods,Leadership,Guidance,Secondary Education

The Finnish Ministry of education commissioned a study in 2006-07 on reducing the number of drop-outs, &quot;Get a vocation--keeping on top of studies&quot;. The aim of the study was to establish the good practices and operating models underpinning reduction in drop-outs. The study indicates that an educational institution that fosters commitment of students to their studies acts systematically and persistently when facing challenges. It examines its operations critically. It creates a safe and caring learning environment in which certain basic principles prevail, but it is nevertheless flexible. In such educational institutions, pedagogically distributed leadership manifests itself in five key areas: management support groups, the general effectiveness of work on the curriculum, the practices of strategic plans and development work, on-the-job learning, and the multiprofessional nature of educational guidance. (Contains 1 table, 5 figures, and a bibliography.)
Social Inequality as an Enduring Phenomenon of General and Vocational Education--Characteristics in the Federal Republic of Germany and International Perspectives
Author: Nickolaus, Reinhold
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Educational Opportunities,Vocational Education,Global Approach,Systems Approach,Competitive Selection,Advantaged,Access to Education,Investigations,Social Problems

This paper seeks to (1) provide an overview, from a macroanalytical perspective, of the characteristics of unequal educational opportunities within an international perspective, (2) set out problems related to social selectivity, in particular within the vocational educational system in Germany and (3) describe examples of the interaction between selection and vocational learning on the basis of empirical investigations. The intention is to illustrate the fundamental problems associated with social inequality at different levels in the educational field and to extract the correlations between selection and vocational learning. (Contains 4 figures, 17 footnotes, and a bibliography.)
Training and Labour Market Integration of Education Science Graduates
Author: Vivas, Amparo Jimenez
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Labor Market,College Graduates,Career Education,Questionnaires,Education Work Relationship,Education Majors,Teacher Education,Higher Education

The aim of the research behind this article is to identify the relationships that must exist between university training and the social and occupational environment. One of the many functions that derive from the university-society relationship is to train students to carry out certain professions. as a result, the analysis of the labour market integration of graduates from one university and the definition of their skills becomes a quality indicator of this relationship and one of the pillars that define the list of qualifications within the European higher education area. We therefore look at a range of variables connected with information on professional opportunities, the satisfaction of job expectations, the relationship between university training and professional performance and the assessment of personal, intellectual, vocational and other training received on education science degree courses. (Contains 12 tables, 2 graphs, 1 footnote, and a bibliography.)
Model for Evaluating Teacher and Trainer Competences
Author: Carioca, Vito
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Models,Teacher Evaluation,Teacher Competencies,Vocational Education,Context Effect,Faculty Development

A lack of common criteria for comparing education and training systems makes it difficult to recognise qualifications and competences acquired in different environments and levels of training. A valid basis for defining a framework for evaluating professional performance in European educational and training contexts must therefore be established. In this context, the TEVAL project presents a proposal for an evaluation model applied to teaching and training competences. The model is based on a common competence framework and on a holistic concept of the theoretical principles that justify the evaluation process, bearing in mind professional development and system regulation--the Close Evaluation Model. (Contains 2 tables, 1 figure, 5 footnotes, and a bibliography.)
&quot;Training the Trainers&quot; of Teachers in France: Assessment and Outlook
Author: Lapostolle, Guy
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Professional Development,Teaching (Occupation),Teacher Education,Teacher Educators,Teacher Education Programs,Educational Change,Program Effectiveness,Program Evaluation,Teacher Role

With the creation of IUFMs (university institutes of teacher training) in the 1990s, the training of teacher trainers in France has become a fundamental part of the renewal of teacher training. It is seen as a fundamental lever for the IUFMs to achieve the tasks and goals entrusted to them: training teachers who need to accommodate the new demands of their profession. To do this, the IUFMs have established &quot;trainer training programmes&quot;. A closer look at these programmes reveals that a professionalisation of trainers has begun which is giving the IUFMs a stronger role in working towards achieving the goals set. However, some current reforms seem to be questioning the future of this professionalisation and, beyond that, the place and role that the IUFMs will play both in training teachers as well as in the universities in which they have just been integrated. (Contains 19 footnotes.)
The Impact of Vocational Education on Poverty Reduction, Quality Assurance and Mobility on Regional Labour Markets--Selected EU-Funded Schemes
Author: Wallenborn, Manfred
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: International Cooperation,Quality Control,Educational Change,Learning Processes,Vocational Education,Poverty,Sustainable Development,Economic Development,Intervention,Foreign Countries,Rural Areas,Migration,Occupational Mobility,Labor Force Development,Employment Qualifications

Vocational education can serve to promote social stability and sustainable economic and social development. The European Union (EU) strategically employs a range of vocational educational schemes to attain these overriding goals. Topical points of focus are selected in line with requirements in the individual partner countries or regions. However, during scheme planning and implementation, flexible and problem-oriented approaches by which partners retain responsibility, while also having the opportunity to participate in learning processes, are of equal importance. This approach produces realistic assessments of the possible effects of interventions in the form of international cooperation. Flexible procedures and fixed-term schemes subject to limited financial input provide a vital basis for such learning processes, which improve partners' capacity to act in preparation for far-reaching political decisions with regard to innovative changes and fundamental reforms in qualification systems. (Contains 4 footnotes.)
Vocational Training and European Standardisation of Qualifications: The Case of Aircraft Maintenance
Author: Haas, Joachim
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Vocational Education,Certification,Standards,Aviation Mechanics,Skilled Occupations,Accreditation (Institutions)

Initiatives to standardise the conditions for practising certain regulated activities are being taken at European level, particularly in light of the free movement of people and the recognition of qualifications in Member states. This paper looks at the introduction of european licences for aircraft maintenance engineers. It follows an in-depth analysis of the process for the construction and application of these standards, and is an attempt to define the real motivation behind these special initiatives. It reports on how Community provisions which, in many respects, conflict with national structural characteristics in the area of qualification construction and management, are being transposed. (Contains 14 footnotes.)
Student Comments and Reflections on Business Contexts--A Teaching Tool
Author: Seabra, Fernando Miguel
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Student Attitudes,Business Administration,Criticism,Course Content,Teaching Methods,Business Administration Education,Higher Education,Foreign Countries,Expertise,Knowledge Level,Mass Media Use,News Media,Grades (Scholastic),Evaluation Methods,Economics,College Students,Academic Achievement

Students of business administration in polytechnic higher education are faced with management content that can present specific difficulties when it refers to organisational contexts with which they are generally unfamiliar. This paper examines the way in which a learning and assessment methodology aimed at promoting &quot;proximity&quot; to subjects and course content can be put into practice through the use of a context that is &quot;familiar to students&quot;: business and economics news in the media. By performing a critical analysis of a news item in the media, students select and apply the content of the course they are studying to a real event. In parallel to presenting the results obtained using the methodology concerned (student performance and mark obtained), student perception of this active methodology will also be analysed. The conclusion will focus on ways of adapting the teaching of management to students' particular interests and knowledge. (Contains 2 tables, 7 graphs, and 11 footnotes.)
The Possibility of Illusion in the Production of Knowledge
Author: Garcia, Luis
Date: 2009-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Technology,Telecommunications,Computer Mediated Communication,Influence of Technology,Technology Uses in Education,Computer Assisted Instruction,Computer Managed Instruction,Internet,Personal Autonomy,Teacher Role,Student Role,Comparative Analysis,Films

Information and communication technologies--ICTs--have become a defining feature in the vocabulary of 21st century education and training. The major question now is not when and how they will be introduced into the education system, but what impact the manipulation inherent in their use will have on the resulting production of knowledge. The added value of ICTs for learning lies in the revolution they bring about by speeding up and guiding access to syllabuses from the moment users realise how manipulative they can be. (Contains 2 footnotes.)
Changing Health Behavior in Youth
Author: Hochbaum, Godfrey M.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Health Behavior,Behavior Change,Youth,Health Promotion,Access to Information,Comprehensive School Health Education,Teaching Methods,Relevance (Education)

In this article, the author considers the need for changing health behavior in youth. The author begins by discussing how people learn health behavior which could help educators in understanding the reasons why it is often difficult to effect changes--and how educators may succeed. If the aim of health educators is to change behavior, the author suggests that their focus must be on the "application" of health knowledge. This requires that they deal with two important issues: (1) the guiding principle underlying "all" desirable health behavior; and (2) possible problems and difficulties in applying health knowledge to everyday situations.
Changing Health Behavior in Youth: Plus 40 Years
Author: Valois, Robert F.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Health Education,Health Promotion,Health Behavior,Brain,Behavior Change,Journal Articles,Public Health,Intervention,Developmental Stages,Adolescents,Adolescent Development,Risk Management,Comprehensive School Health Education

For those in health education, the year 1969 marked the debut of "School Health Review," the forerunner to the current "American Journal of Health Education." The inaugural issue of "School Health Review," in September of 1969 included the article, "Changing Health behavior in Youth," by Dr. Godfrey M. Hochbaum. This article reviews the 1969 Hochbaum article which is reprinted in an issue of "American Journal of Health Education" and is segmented in three sections. The first section is an introduction, the second is entitled "A Common Denominator--The Effects on Health," and the last section is "Difficulty of Application to Everyday Life." The concerns Hochbaum expresses and the concepts he highlights remain relevant 40 years later. Developing health promotion and education interventions based on the human development process can be time and labor intensive. In view of the accomplishments in adolescent health promotion, health education and integrated approaches to understanding and reducing adolescent risk, changing health behavior in youth is still a formidable challenge vis-a-vis the realities of the adolescent developmental period and recent findings on adolescent brain research.
Impact of Poison Prevention Education on the Knowledge and Behaviors of Seniors
Author: Jones, Paul R.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Health Education,Prevention,Poisoning,Public Health,Program Effectiveness,Knowledge Level,Intention,Pretests Posttests,Interviews,Older Adults,Drug Use,Safety Education

Background: Unintentional poisoning is an important public health issue that exacts a heavy toll on our nation's seniors. However, relatively few empirical studies have examined the efficacy of poison prevention education programs on this cohort. Purpose: This study assessed the impact of a poison education program on the knowledge, perceptions, intentions, and behaviors of seniors in Missouri and West Virginia. Methods: One-hundred and twenty-seven seniors completed pre- and post-test surveys, which were designed to assess the program's efficacy. Participants were re-interviewed after four weeks to determine whether they had implemented the behaviors described in the program. Results: The results revealed that the program improved the knowledge of participants and impacted both their behavioral intentions and actual behaviors. Discussion: When taken together, these data indicate that brief educational interventions may be an effective tool in reducing the incidence of unintentional poisonings among seniors. Translation to Health Education Practice: More generally, these methods and findings suggest that single sessions of theory-driven health education can be effective for interventions among seniors. (Contains 2 tables.)
Teaching Health Literacy Using Popular Television Programming: A Qualitative Pilot Study
Author: Primack, Brian A.
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Experimental Curriculum,Health Education,Health Promotion,Elementary Secondary Education,Programming (Broadcast),Television,Minority Groups,Teaching Methods,Literacy,Grade 9,Low Income,Surveys,Qualitative Research

Background: Teaching of health and medical concepts in the K-12 curriculum may help improve health literacy. Purpose: The purpose of this project was to determine acceptability and preliminary efficacy of pilot implementation of a health literacy curriculum using brief clips from a popular television program. Methods: Participants included 55 ninth-grade students in a low-income school with a high proportion of minority students. The curriculum used three brief interspersed segments from the television show ER to teach basic topics in cardiology. After the 30-minute experimental curriculum, students completed open-ended surveys which were coded qualitatively. Results: The most common codes described "enjoyment" (N=28), "acquisition of new knowledge" (N=28), "informative" (N=15), "interesting" (N=12), and "TV/video" (N=10). We found on average 2.9 examples of medical content per participant. Of the 26 spontaneously-generated verifiable statements, 24 (92.3%) were judged as accurate by two independent coders ([kappa]=0.70, P=0.0002). Discussion: Use of brief segments of video material contributed to the acceptability of health education curricula without detracting from students' acquisition of accurate information. Translation to Health Education Practice: Health education practitioners may wish to include brief clips from popular programming to motivate students and provide context for health-related lessons. (Contains 3 tables.)
The Impact of Professional Development to Infuse Health and Reading in Elementary Schools
Author: Deal, Tami Benham
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Comprehensive School Health Education,Program Effectiveness,Literacy,Professional Development,Teaching Methods,Elementary School Teachers,Literacy Education,Grade 3,Standards,Self Efficacy,Childrens Literature,Knowledge Level,Language Arts,Interdisciplinary Approach

Background: Elementary classroom teachers must overcome a number of instructional barriers, including time constraints and professional preparation, if they are to deliver effective health education and enhance health literacy among youth. Purpose: This study examined the direct impact of a long-term professional development program on integrating health education and literacy instruction on third-grade teachers' confidence and practice and its indirect effect on student learning. Methods: Data on confidence and implementation of instructional and assessment practices were collected from 16 teachers. Students (n=99) from their classrooms and from four comparison classrooms (n=101) completed pre- and post-program constructed response assessment. Results: Significant increases were seen in teachers' confidence in describing health education standards, determining if students achieved the standards and using rubrics to guide scoring practices. Children's books were used to integrate instruction and most teachers increased the time spent on integration activities. Students in their classrooms scored significantly higher than students in comparison classrooms on health knowledge and skills. Discussion: These results confirm our belief that by increasing awareness and understanding of standards-based health education and assessment, and by showing teachers how they can use children's books as the context for teaching and reinforcing health concepts and skills outlined in the standards, their confidence about teaching health can increase. Translation to Health Education Practice: Integrating health and language arts instruction may be the key to overcoming some of the factors teachers report as barriers to teaching health education. (Contains 4 figures and 1 table.)
Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Attitudes and Use among Health Educators in the United States
Author: Johnson, Ping
Date: 2010-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Medicine,Indigenous Knowledge,Therapy,Medical Education,Health Education,Teacher Attitudes,Surveys,Computer Mediated Communication,Health Personnel,User Needs (Information)

Background: Interest in and use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the United States is increasing. However, CAM remains an area of nascency for researchers and western practitioners. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine U.S. health educators' attitudes toward CAM and their use of common CAM therapies. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among members of a professional health educator listserv. Results: Health educators generally have positive attitudes toward CAM and about 90% have used at least one CAM therapy in the last 12 months. Differences in CAM attitudes and use were significant, with females reporting more positive attitudes toward and use of CAM. Discussion: Health educators' overall positive attitudes toward CAM are consistent with the limited extant literature. However, important differences were found by various demographic characteristics, not previously identified. Translation to Health Education Practice: The results of this study support the small, but growing, body of literature regarding the need for CAM education for future health education professionals. A discussion of various approaches to the integration of CAM education into professional preparation programs is included. (Contains 6 tables.)