ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Exploring Market and Competitive Intelligence Research as a Source for Enhancing Innovation Capacity
Author: Bajaj, Deepak
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Small Businesses,Capacity Building,Research and Development,Innovation,Competition,Marketing,Mixed Methods Research,Online Surveys,Questionnaires,Decision Making,Operations Research,Research Utilization,Research Needs,Participant Satisfaction,Needs Assessment,Occupational Surveys,Foreign Countries,Likert Scales

The purpose of this study was to assess the role of Competitive and Market Intelligence (CI/MI) Research as a potential source for improving the innovation capability of Small and Medium Enterprises (SME's) leading to successful new product/services/processes/capabilities development (Cooper &amp; Edgett, 2002). This report highlights the background, methodology and findings of this study. Based on the findings, CI/MI service has the potential to contribute to enhancing a company's innovation capability by adding value at different stages of the research and development continuum, particularly at the early assessment stage as well as at a pre-commercialization stage. CI/MI research can lead to qualitative improvements in commercialization efforts. This, in turn, can contribute to a reduction in the high failure rate of new product commercialization, an ongoing problem identified at the beginning of this report.
Clark's Triangle and Fiscal Incentives: Implications for Colleges'
Author: Lang, Dan
Date: 2015-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Incentives,Colleges,Comparative Analysis,Postsecondary Education,Performance Factors,Budgeting,Higher Education,Financial Support,Income,Funding Formulas,Educational Equity (Finance),College Students,Educational Indicators,Foreign Countries

For nearly 35 year's Burton Clark's triangle has been used as a paradigm for describing, assessing, and comparing systems of postsecondary education (Clark, 1998, 2004). Two major developments in the fiscal management of post-secondary education occurred more or less contemporaneously: incentive or performance funding on the part of the state and incentive-based budgeting on the part of institutions. Both developments are based on fiscal incentives. Despite several inherent and inter-connected similarities, incentive funding and incentive-based budgeting have been viewed and appraised on parallel tracks. Nor have they been viewed within a paradigmatic context. This study investigates their convergence with particular regard to effect on the relationship between the state, the college or university, and the market as foreseen by Clark's Triangle. The study concludes that, although incentive funding and incentive-based budgeting are sometimes at cross-purposes, they are functionally so inter-connected, whether intentionally or coincidentally, that they can alter the zero-sum balance between the state authority, market and academic legs of the triangle. The study also concludes that the interconnecting effects may be different for colleges, and may indicate a triangle with unequal legs.
Repurposing Facebook for Documenting Personal History: How Do People Develop a Secondary System Use?
Author: Syn, Sue Yeon
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Social Media,Online Surveys,Use Studies,Technology Integration,Hypothesis Testing,Attitudes,Intention,Behavior,Social Networks,Late Adolescents,Adults,Individual Characteristics,Likert Scales

Introduction: This study investigated a type of post-adoptive system use behaviour that is derived from the original purpose of the system. We defined this type of post-adoptive use as a secondary system use as it is different from the primary use of the system for which the system was intended. We focused on the way that Facebook can be used to document personal lives, in addition to using it as a social networking tool, as one example of secondary system use. The study tested the factors that influence a secondary system use. Method: An online survey was distributed through the Amazon Mechanical Turk to collect responses from Facebook users. Analysis: We created a research model, expanded from the technology acceptance model, to examine how users perceive usefulness of a secondary use and then use Facebook for a secondary purpose. The model was tested with partial least squares and path analysis. Results: The research model provides a baseline for understanding the formation of a secondary system use within information systems. The findings show that users develop a secondary system use in the post-adoptive stage of system exploitation. This behaviour is largely based on their primary use experience and the perception of its usefulness for both primary and secondary use. Conclusions: This study emphasises and explains the importance of secondary system use in the development of information technology. By learning more about users' post-adoptive use behaviour, system developers and information professionals can understand changes in system use and identify directions for future development of systems.
Searching Databases without Query-Building Aids: Implications for Dyslexic Users
Author: Berget, Gerd
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Databases,Online Searching,Dyslexia,Information Seeking,Foreign Countries,Catalogs,Eye Movements,Mixed Methods Research,Search Strategies,Spelling,Problem Solving,Information Sources,Guidelines,Undergraduate Students,Graduate Students

Introduction: Few studies document the information searching behaviour of users with cognitive impairments. This paper therefore addresses the effect of dyslexia on information searching in a database with no tolerance for spelling errors and no query-building aids. The purpose was to identify effective search interface design guidelines that benefit dyslexic users. Method: Twenty dyslexic students and twenty controls solved ten predefined search tasks in the Norwegian library catalogue Bibsys Ask. Screen-recording and eyetracking were used to observe search behaviour. Analysis: The statistical analysis software SPSS was used for quantitative analyses, SMI BeGaze was used for qualitative analysis of the search behaviour. Results: Dyslexic students took longer and formulated more queries per task than the controls. Further, they submitted shorter queries, made more misspellings and relied more upon external resources. There were no differences in problem solving approaches across the two groups except that the dyslexic students used external Websites more. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that dyslexia has a negative impact on search performance in systems with no tolerance for errors and no query-building aids. Several guidelines are suggested based on the observed information searching behaviour to accommodate users with dyslexia.
Power Matters: Foucault's &quot;Pouvoir/Savoir&quot; as a Conceptual Lens in Information Research and Practice
Author: Olsson, Michael
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Correlation,Knowledge Level,Power Structure,Artists,College Faculty,Professional Personnel,Information Seeking,Information Sources,Theater Arts,Human Resources,Semi Structured Interviews,Epistemology,Philosophy,Discourse Analysis,Meta Analysis,Information Management,Qualitative Research

Introduction: This paper advocates Foucault's notion of pouvoir/savoir (power/knowledge) as a conceptual lens that information researchers might fruitfully use to develop a richer understanding of the relationship between knowledge and power. Methods: Three of the authors' earlier studies are employed to illustrate the use of this conceptual lens. Methodologically, the studies are closely related: they adopted a qualitative research design and made use of semi-structured and/or conversational, in-depth interviews as their primary method of data collection. The data were analysed using an inductive, discourse analytic approach. Analysis: The paper provides a brief introduction to Foucault's concept before examining the information practices of academic, professional and artistic communities. Through concrete empirical examples, the authors aim to demonstrate how a Foucauldian lens will provide a more in-depth understanding of how particular information practices exert authority in a discourse community while other such practices may be construed as ineffectual. Conclusion: The paper offers a radically different conceptual lens through which researchers can study information practices, not in individual or acultural terms but as a social construct, both a product and a generator of power/knowledge.
Practical and Scholarly Implications of Information Behaviour Research: A Pilot Study of Research Literature
Author: Koh, Kyungwon
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Science,Behavioral Science Research,Pilot Projects,Content Analysis,Research Reports,Research Methodology,Periodicals,Theories,Audiences,Foreign Countries

Introduction: This pilot study examined how current information behaviour research addresses the implications and potential impacts of its findings. The goal was to understand what implications and contributions the field has made and how effectively authors communicate implications of their findings. Methods: We conducted a content analysis of 30 randomly selected refereed research papers on information behaviour published between 2008 and 2012 in the U.S. and Canada. Analysis: Analysed elements included journal, year, author affiliation, types of implications, theory, methodology, context and scope of implications, location of implications, intended audience, beneficiaries, and future research. Results: Twenty-three papers offered practical implications; seven included both practical and scholarly implications. Only eight papers referenced theory and of these, only three generated theoretical implications. Seventy percent of studies discussed practical implications for librarians and archivists. Implications were often context-bound in that they related to a particular group or environment. Conclusion: The impact of information behaviour research encompasses a range of areas. A stronger relationship between theory, practice and research must be achieved to advance the field. To facilitate generation of stronger implications, we proposed six components of implications and suggested criteria for strong, moderate and weak research implications.
Social Capital and Library and Information Science Research: Definitional Chaos or Coherent Research Enterprise?
Author: Johnson, Catherine A.
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Social Capital,Library Research,Information Science,Social Theories,Research Reports,Public Libraries,Knowledge Management,Information Technology,Information Seeking

Introduction: This paper presents a review of research framed within the concept of social capital and published by library and information science researchers. Method: Ninety-nine papers fitting the criteria of having a specific library and information science orientation were identified from two periodical databases: &quot;Library and information science and technology abstracts&quot; and &quot;Library literature.&quot; Analysis: Each of the papers was read to identify which social capital theorists were cited, the research area of the researchers and how social capital was conceptualised and measured. Results: The review found that although social capital was conceptualised somewhat differently depending on the research focus, social capital, in general, was investigated from either a societal or individual (and sometimes both) perspective and was defined as the benefits derived from both bonding and bridging ties. Conclusion: Although the conceptualisation of social capital across the various research areas in library and information science has largely converged, there still remain concerns about measurement validity.
Understanding the Factors Influencing User Experience of Social Question and Answer Services
Author: Deng, Shengli
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Users (Information),Experience,Information Services,Influences,Web Sites,Computer Interfaces,Usability,Online Surveys,Structural Equation Models,User Satisfaction (Information),Foreign Countries

Introduction: The popularity of social question and answer sites has made it an important and convenient source for obtaining knowledge. This study quantifies how three different system characteristics (interface design, interaction and answer quality) affect users' perceptions (perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and perceived enjoyment), which in turn alter the perceived user experience. Method: Using an online survey, this study investigated the experience of using a leading Chinese site, Baidu Knows. The study received 218 validated responses which were used to test the research model. Analysis: Structural equation modelling technique was used to evaluate the hypothesised research framework. Results: The results show that the influences of the system characteristics (interface design, interaction and answer quality) on user experience are well mediated by user perceptions of usefulness, ease of use and enjoyment. Additionally, perceived usefulness and perceived enjoyment have direct and significant influences on user experience. Against expectations, perceived ease of use is found to have no significant direct effect on user experience, but have an indirect effect mediated through perceived usefulness. Conclusion: Use experience is mainly determined by user perceptions about its usefulness, the ease of use and the enjoyment of using the social question and answer sites, which are derived from their evaluation in relation to specific service features. By identifying these service features and quantifying how they affect user experience, a number of practical suggestions for service design have been made to help social question and answer sites managers improve their customers' user experience, e.g. offering more attractive rewards and adding various entertainment activities to motivate users to actively participate in knowledge sharing and innovation.
Exploring the Structure of Library and Information Science Web Space Based on Multivariate Analysis of Social Tags
Author: Joo, Soohyung
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Web Sites,Library Science,Information Science,Multivariate Analysis,Classification,Multidimensional Scaling,Structural Equation Models,Factor Analysis,Social Media

Introduction: This study examines the structure of Web space in the field of library and information science using multivariate analysis of social tags from the Website, Delicious.com. A few studies have examined mathematical modelling of tags, mainly examining tagging in terms of tripartite graphs, pattern tracing and descriptive statistics. This study is one of the few studies to employ multivariate analysis in investigating dimensions of Web spaces based on social tagging data. Method: This study examines the post data collected from a set of library and information science related Websites bookmarked on Delicious.com using a Web crawler. Post data consist of the URL, usernames, tags and comments assigned by users of Delicious.com. The collected tag data were analysed based on multivariate methods, such as multidimensional scaling and structural equation modelling. Analysis: Collected data were first analysed using multidimensional scaling to explore initial relationships amongst the selected Websites. Then, confirmatory factor analysis based on structural equation modelling was employed to examine the hierarchical structure of the library and information science Web space. Results: Social tag data exhibit different dimensions in the Web space of the library and information science field. In addition, social tags confirmed the hierarchical structure of the field by showing significantly stronger relationships between the sites with similar characteristics. That is, the structure of the tagging data shows similar connections to those present in the real world. Conclusions: This study suggests a new statistical approach in social tagging and Web space analysis studies. Tag information can be used to explain the hierarchical structure of a certain domain. Methodologically, this study suggests that structural equation modelling can be a compelling method to explore hierarchical structures of nodes on the Web space.
A Review of Large-Scale &quot;How Much Information?&quot; Inventories: Variations, Achievements and Challenges
Author: Hilbert, Martin
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Transfer,Measurement,Meta Analysis,Research Methodology,Comparative Analysis

Introduction: Pressed by the increasing social importance of digital information, including the current attention given to the &quot;big data paradigm&quot;, several research projects have taken up the challenge to quantify the amount of technologically mediated information. Method: This meta-study reviews the eight most important inventories in a descriptive and comparative manner, focusing on methodological differences and challenges. Results: It shows that approaches differ in terms of scope and research focus. This leads to different answers to the question of &quot;how much information?&quot;. Differences include how the information realm is conceptualised (e.g., in terms of stocks or flows, or in terms of creation or consumption, etc.); differences in the unit of measurement (words, bits, minutes, etc.); varying geographic and temporal scopes; and diverse additional attributes that highlight complementary aspects of the amount of information (e.g., the kind of technology, the sort of content, the type of user sector, etc.). Conclusion: The study reveals how different answers to the &quot;How much information?&quot; question hinges upon the particular question on the researchers' mind and on the subsequent methodological choices. Differences in findings stem from different research interests. The review ends with a discussion of the remaining theoretical and practical challenges.
The Focus Factor: A Dynamic Measure of Journal Specialisation
Author: Nicolaisen, Jeppe
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Periodicals,Specialization,Bibliometrics,Citations (References),Sciences,Medicine,Comparative Analysis,Correlation,Citation Analysis,Measurement Techniques

Introduction: We present a new bibliometric indicator to measure journal specialisation over time, named the focus factor. This new indicator is based on bibliographic coupling and counts the percentage of re-citations given in subsequent years. Method: The applicability of the new indicator is demonstrated on a selection of general science journals and on a selection of medical journals. The reference lists of each journal are compared year by year, and the percentage of re-citations is calculated by dividing the number of re-citations with the total number of citations each year. Analysis: To validate re-citations as caused by specialisation, other possible causes were measured and correlated (obsolescence, journal self-citations and number of references). Results: The results indicate that the focus factor is capable of distinguishing between general and specialised journals and thus effectively measures the intended phenomenon (i.e., journal specialisation). Only weak correlations were found between journal re-citations and obsolescence, journal self-citations, and number of references. Conclusions: The focus factor successfully measures journal specialisation over time. Measures based on either simple citation analysis or bibliographic coupling are found to be close relatives. Measures based on journal self-citation are found to be only weakly correlated with the focus factor. Measures based on co-citation analysis remain to be studied and compared.
Analysis of Research Collaboration between Universities and Private Companies in Spain Based on Joint Scientific Publications
Author: Olmeda-Gómez, Carlos
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,School Business Relationship,Universities,Scientific Research,Periodicals,Bibliometrics,Authors,Private Sector,Differences,Regional Characteristics,Biochemistry,Genetics,Molecular Biology,Engineering,Medicine,Pharmacology

Introduction: The article presents the results of a study on scientific collaboration between Spanish universities and private enterprise, measured in terms of the co-authorship of papers published in international journals. Method: Bibliometric analysis of papers published in journals listed in Scopus in 2003-2011. Indicators were calculated for output, collaboration, standardised impact and publication in highly reputed journals. Analysis: A number of dimensions were explored: (1) publication patterns among domestic companies; (2) subject matter distribution and impact of the papers published; (3) university-company partnering based on papers co-authored by university and private sector researchers; and (4) regional differences. Results: The three fields where production was most intense were biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology, engineering and medicine. Research in collaboration with companies had a lower normalised impact than research conducted by universities alone. The highest volumes of private sector collaboration with Spanish universities were recorded for pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions: Companies' output was observed to decline across the period studied and their academic articles appeared to be less visible than the papers published by other institutions.
A Coding System for Qualitative Studies of the Information-Seeking Process in Computer Science Research
Author: Moral, Cristian
Date: 2015-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Coding,Qualitative Research,Information Seeking,Computer Science,Scientific Research,Focus Groups,Interviews,Classification,Questionnaires

Introduction: In this article we propose a qualitative analysis tool--a coding system--that can support the formalisation of the information-seeking process in a specific field: research in computer science. Method: In order to elaborate the coding system, we have conducted a set of qualitative studies, more specifically a focus group and some individual interviews, and have analysed their results. Analysis: We provide a detailed description of how the qualitative studies were performed and how the subsequent analysis, refining and validation phases were carried out until we obtained the proposed coding system. Results: The coding system is presented as a list of hierarchically categorised codes that try to cover the full information-seeking process performed by researchers in computer science. In order to facilitate the understanding and later use of the codes, we also include a detailed description of each, together with real examples of use extracted from the qualitative studies. Conclusions: We present a complete list of 169 codes categorised into 13 categories that can help other researchers to analyse further qualitative results related to the information-seeking process, both at the process level and at the user level. In our case, these codes will be in the near future the seed to design a system that can adapt its functionality, visualisation and interaction based on the task at hand, the user and the context of use.