ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Mental Abacus Expertise on Working Memory, Mental Representations and Calculation Strategies Used for Two-Digit Hindu-Arabic Numbers
Author: Lo, Steson
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Mental Computation,Expertise,Short Term Memory,Schemata (Cognition),Mathematics Skills,Learning Strategies,Number Concepts,Addition,Foreign Countries,Undergraduate Students,Arithmetic,Cultural Differences

In Asia, some children are taught a calculation technique known as the 'mental abacus'. Previous research indicated that mental abacus experts can perform extraordinary feats of mental arithmetic, but it disagrees as to whether the technique improves working memory. The present study extended and clarified these findings by contrasting performance from several numerical and working memory tasks across three groups of participants: Japanese mental abacus experts, abacus-naïve Australian undergraduates, and abacus-naïve Japanese undergraduates. It also investigated whether the mental representations and strategies used to process two-digit numbers differed across the three groups. First, the results showed that the Japanese mental abacus experts only performed better when the numerical and working memory tasks involved arithmetic problems, suggesting domain-specific transfer rather than domain-general improvements to numerical processing or working memory. Second, the results suggest that the Japanese mental abacus experts were less reliant on decomposed magnitude representations, and used a processing strategy that is less sensitive to the perceptual overlap between numbers. Finally, performance was less discrepant between the Australian and Japanese abacus-naïve undergraduates than either group with the Japanese mental abacus experts, indicating that mental abacus training, rather than sociocultural differences, was responsible for the observed group differences.
Coronavirus Stress and Resilience: Exploring the Role of Hope and Meaning in in Life Undergraduate Students
Author: Mert, Abdullah
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Undergraduate Students,Pandemics,COVID-19,Stress Variables,Quality of Life,Goal Orientation,Self Concept,World Views,Resilience (Psychology),Psychological Patterns

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether meaning in life and hope mediate the association between coronavirus stress and resilience in university students. The participants were 376 (68% female) undergraduate students attending a public university in Turkey. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 38 years (Mage = 20.67, SD = 3.62). The results of the present study suggest that the meaning of life and hope attenuate the negative effects of stress on hope and resilience. Specifically, hope emerged as an important mechanism for the relationship between meaning in life and resilience. These findings provide insights into the relationships between coronavirus stress, hope, sense of life, and resilience in young adults during the period COVID-19. Hope and sense of life may function as protective factors to promote mental health and well-being by increasing an individual's ability to recover from stressful situations with high motivation and in creative ways. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether meaning in life and hope mediate the relationship between coronavirus stress and resilience in university students. The participants were 376 (68% female) students attending a public university in Turkey. The age of the students ranged from 18 to 38 years (Mage = 20.67, SD = 3.62). The results of the study showed that the meaning of life and hope mitigated the negative effects of stress on hope and resilience. Specifically, hope was found to be an important mechanism for the relationship between meaning in life and resilience. These findings shed light on the relationships between coronavirus stress, hope, sense of life, and resilience in young adults during COVID-19. Hope and sense of life may act as protective factors to promote mental health and well-being by increasing individuals' ability to recover from stressful situations with high motivation and in creative ways.
Investigation of Burnout Levels of School Administrators and Teachers in the COVID-19 Epidemic Process
Author: Büyükada, Semiha
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Burnout,Measures (Individuals),Elementary Secondary Education,Teachers,Administrators,COVID-19,Pandemics,Age Differences,Status

Due to the COVID-19 epidemic in the world, the change in the working conditions of individuals has started to cause a change in the level of burnout. Teachers are also one of the occupational groups whose working conditions have changed the most during the epidemic and their burnout level has also changed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the impact of the epidemic COVID-19 on the burnout level of teachers and to examine it in relation to different variables. The study was designed using descriptive survey design which is one of the quantitative research approaches. The sample of the study was determined using simple random sampling method. The sample consists of 573 school administrators and teachers working in public and private elementary and secondary schools in Gaziosmanpasa district of Istanbul in the school year 2020-2021. In this study, Maslach Burnout Scale was used as a data collection tool. The data were analyzed statistically using frequency, percentage and arithmetic mean to analyze the data. The t-test was used to determine the relationship between the burnout level of the participants and the variables of gender, marital status, and education level. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the relationship between participants' burnout levels and the variables of occupational seniority, age, school type, job title, and status. Post-hoc Tukey analysis was conducted to identify the groups with differences. The examination of the obtained scores shows that the participants are at a high level of burnout during the outbreak COVID-19. According to the research findings, although there was no significant relationship between burnout level and gender, job title, marital status, education level and school type, it was found that there was a significant relationship between job seniority, age and job status.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, and Personality Predictors of Risk Taking towards COVID-19 among University Students in Kenya
Author: Otanga, Habil
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,College Students,COVID-19,Pandemics,Risk,Student Attitudes,Knowledge Level,Student Behavior,Health Behavior,Personality Traits,Predictor Variables,Gender Differences,Interpersonal Relationship,Extraversion Introversion

The purpose of this study was to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of university students towards COVID-19, and further, some personality characteristics that exacerbate the risk of infection. Out of the 300 university students based in Mombasa, Kenya, targeted in the online study, 219 submitted their filled questionnaires. Data was analyzed quantitatively using SPSS (v.25). Twoway ANOVA and regression models were used to analyze the data. Findings show high knowledge levels and low-risk behaviors towards COVID-19 but unhealthy attitudes especially among women aged 20-29 who also reported higher extroversion, and positive attitudes towards social interactions during COVID-19. Basic knowledge was predicted by age, gender, extroversion, public self-consciousness, and high-risk perception while advanced knowledge was predicted by basic knowledge. Low-risk perception was predicted by age, basic knowledge, and positive attitudes towards social interaction during COVID-19. Age, extroversion and risk perception predicted attitudes about social interactions. Preventive practices were in turn predicted by gender, risk perception, attitudes towards social interactions, extroversion and lack of premeditation. Findings of the study raise interest about university students' KAP, underlying personality dynamics that predict risk taking towards COVID-19, and appropriate COVID-19 messaging to affect attitudes.
Logistic Regression Approach in Classifying the Effectiveness of Online Education
Author: Ünsal Özbek, Elif Bengi
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Regression (Statistics),Classification,Instructional Effectiveness,Electronic Learning,Online Courses,Distance Education,College Students,Student Attitudes,Efficiency,Socioeconomic Status,Gender Differences,Decision Making,Predictor Variables,Readiness,Foreign Countries

The developments and changes that have accompanied the COVID-19 pandemic have affected the educational world and all sectors. Educational institutions around the world have implemented emergency and online educational practises to ensure continuity of education as opposed to the planned distance education activities that were implemented for continuity of education. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, face-to-face classes have been held in universities across the world for about a year in many disciplines through various platforms. In this process, determining the effectiveness of distance education practises in universities for students is critical for programmes to achieve their goals. This study aims to highlight the variables and effects that influence university students' decisions regarding the efficiency of online instruction. To this end, 821 university students were surveyed. Their willingness and attachment to online education, socioeconomic level, and gender were tested using logit regression analysis to build a model that predicts university students' decision about the efficiency of online education. Age, gender, high school graduation, willingness to Online Education, and attachment to Online Education are among the variables in the logit regression model that significantly predict university students' decision about whether they consider online education to be efficient or not. When analysing the result of classifying students whether they consider online education efficient or not using the logit regression model, 291 of the 409 students in the group who consider education efficient were classified correctly and 118 of them were classified inaccurately, with the rate of correct classification being 71.1%.
Metaphorical Perceptions about Being a Teacher in Turkey during the Pandemic Period
Author: Yildiz, Sevilay
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Teacher Attitudes,Figurative Language,Teaching (Occupation),Elementary Secondary Education,COVID-19,Pandemics,Teaching Conditions,Barriers

In this study which aims to uncover and examine the metaphorical meanings that teachers have attributed to the concept of teaching during the pandemic period, phenomenological method that is a qualitative research design was used. The study group of the research consists of the teachers working in public primary, secondary and high schools in a city in the Western Black Sea Region during the spring semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The teachers participating in this study were selected on a voluntary basis. In order to collect the data, a semi-structured interview form used in qualitative research method was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis that consisted of such procedures as coding, finding themes, organizing the data according to code and themes was used in the analysis of the data. Based on these perceptions, 278 metaphors were obtained related to the concept of &quot;being a teacher in Turkey during the pandemic period&quot;. The related metaphors were grouped under 12 categories by the researchers. When they were examined, it emerged that the preferred metaphors usually reflected a negative structure.
Parental Views on the Lives of Preschool Children in the COVID-19 Pandemic Process
Author: Arslan, Emel
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Preschool Children,Parent Attitudes,Pandemics,COVID-19,Family Relationship,Computer Use,Language Usage,Behavior Problems,Aggression,Sleep,Eating Habits,Hygiene,School Attitudes,Foreign Countries

This study aims to investigate the parental views of pre-school children during the COVID-19 pandemic and is conducted using a basic qualitative research design from qualitative research methods. In the study, parents of children attending pre-school institution were identified through criterion sampling techniques from non-selective sampling methods. The study prepared a semi-structured interview form for parents with children attending pre-school institution as an instrument for data collection. The data from the semi-structured interview form was collected through online interviews with parents whose children attend the pre-school facility. As a result of the study, parents indicated that during the pre-school children's pandemic process, there were more activities with family members at home, the children spent more time with technological devices, terms such as pandemic, diseases, and viruses were frequently used in their daily conversations, and their negative, boring, and aggressive behaviors increased. It was also noted that children were sleeping and waking up later during this time, thus changing their sleep patterns. Another finding observed by the parents was that irregular eating habits increased in the children's eating behavior. It was observed by the parents that children were washing their hands more frequently than before the pandemic. Another finding of the study was that children spoke with longing about their school life due to the disruption of personal instruction in schools.
The Relationship between the Attitude towards Socioscientific Issues and Views on COVID-19 and Vaccine
Author: Salman, Muhammed
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: College Students,Student Attitudes,Misconceptions,Beliefs,Theories,COVID-19,Pandemics,Immunization Programs,Scientific Attitudes,Scientific Literacy,Science and Society

With the pandemic, conspiracy theories about the COVID-19 began to spread rapidly in the virtual environment. It is not difficult for these conspiracy theories to replace scientific knowledge, particularly those with low scientific literacy. This study aimed to examine whether there is a relationship between university students' attitudes towards socioscientific issues (viz. their views on conspiracy theories) and their views on the COVID-19 process and vaccination. 1275 university students from different universities studying at various departments participated in the study. &quot;The Attitude Scale towards Socioscientific Issues&quot; developed by Topcu (2010) and the &quot;COVID-19 process and Vaccination Questionnaire&quot; developed by the researchers consisting of 20 questions were used as data collection tools in the study. In analysing the data obtained from the application, the continuous variables with two categories were analysed using the independent groups' t-test since the research data showed normal distribution and provided the preconditions. A one-way ANOVA test was used in the analysis of continuous variables with more than two categories. The chi-square test was used in the analysis of categorical variables, and a multinominal logistic regression was performed when examining the relationship between main variables and categorical variables. As a result of the analysis, it was observed that students with a high attitude towards socioscientific issues were more scientifically oriented to conspiracy theories, the existence of the COVID-19 and its origin, and their ideas about vaccination were more positive. In the post-pandemic period, a restructuring of science education in which socioscientific issues are concentrated upon to increase health literacy and scientific literacy arguably appears urgent.
The Impacts of Propensity to Worry and Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Health of University Students
Author: Belen, Hacer
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: COVID-19,Pandemics,College Students,Mental Health,Probability,Anxiety,Foreign Countries

Epidemics and pandemics are difficult periods for the affected community, specifically in the proliferation of mental health issues. In such adverse times, factors of psychological vulnerability such as propensity to worry and low emotional stability might have a detrimental effect on the mental health of the individuals. To investigate the impact of such factors on mental health, this study examined the impacts of propensity to worry and fear of COVID-19 on anxiety depending on the individuals' levels of emotional stability. As a means of such investigation, this study was conducted based on quantitative data, and the research sample was selected using a convenient sampling method. Participants included 304 university students (71.6% were women and 28.4% were men; M[subscript Age] = 22.37 ± 3.04) and responded to the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and 10-Item Personality Inventory. The moderated mediation analysis using PROCESS macro (Model 14) was performed to examine the study hypotheses. Results revealed that propensity to worry was associated with anxiety symptoms. Fear of COVID-19 mediated this link and emotional stability moderated the relationship between propensity to worry and anxiety. The findings showed that trait worry, trait emotional stability, and fear of COVID-19 are determinants of anxiety symptoms, suggesting that such factors are important in understanding these issues.
The Mediator Role of Self-Compassion in the Relationship between Self-Concept and Communication Skills in Emerging Adults
Author: Çelik Örnek, Dilaram Billur
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Empathy,Self Concept,Communication Skills,College Students,Foreign Countries

This study aimed to examine the mediator role of self-compassion in the relationship between selfconcept and communication skills of emerging adults, using a correlational research survey method to survey the impressions of 206 university students from various institutions across Turkey. The respondents were asked to fill out Social Comparison Scale, Self-Compassion Scale, and Communication Skills Scale to reveal that self-compassion partially mediated the relationship between self-concept and communication skills. Bootstrapping also showed that the indirect effect of self-concept on communication skills through self-compassion was significant. Individuals between adulthood and adolescence were found to perform the tasks expected of adolescence and ensure quality and satisfaction in life after graduation. The results revealed the connection between strong communication skills and positive self-concept and the fact that this connection can be addressed through self-compassion. Given that the most common reasons for university students to apply for psychological counseling concern problems around self-concept and communication/socialization, the inclusion of psycho-educational content in the concept of self-compassion in programs related to communication skills, using methods such as self-compassion awareness exercises can make a significant contribution in practice.
The Predictiveness of Mothers&apos; Emotion Socialization Behaviours on the Attachment Levels of 6 Year-Old Children
Author: Ilhan Ildiz, Gökçe
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Prediction,Mothers,Psychological Patterns,Socialization,Social Behavior,Attachment Behavior,Foreign Countries,Multiple Regression Analysis,Preschool Children

This study aims to analyse the predictiveness of the emotion socialization behaviours of the mothers of 6-year-old children on the children's attachment levels. The study group of this descriptive research designed with the screening model, one of the quantitative research methods, included 143 pairs of mothers and 60- to 72-month-old normally-developing children attending two kindergartens affiliated with the Istanbul Basaksehir Directorate of National Education during the 2019-2020 academic term. The data collection instruments used in the study were the parent form designed by the authors to collect sociodemographic data from the children and families who participated in the study, the Incomplete Doll Family Story Scale (IDFSS), which was used to determine the children's levels of attachment, and the Coping With Children's Negative Emotions Scale (CCNES). Calculation of descriptive statistics of scores for the Incomplete Doll Family History scale and the Dealing with Children's Negative Emotions scale. The model formed at the end of the multiple linear regression analysis shows that mothers' emotion socialization behaviours accounted for 57% of the variance related to the children's attachment level. The t-test results of the multiple linear regression coefficients revealed that the mothers' emotion socialization behaviours predict children's attachment levels significantly, the problem-focused reactions and minimization reactions sub-scales of emotion socialization behaviours predict children's attachment levels significantly, while the emotion-focused reactions, punitive reactions, distress reactions and expressive reactions sub-scales do not predict children's attachment levels significantly.
Development and Validation of the Grit Scale: Test of Measurement Invariance across University and High School Students
Author: Kardas, Ferhat
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Test Construction,Test Validity,Persistence,College Students,High School Students,Foreign Countries,Factor Analysis

The concept of grit has become a widely investigated topic in mental health and education in recent years. This study aims to develop a tool for measuring grit in high school and university students and to examine the measurement invariance of the developed scale on two different groups. A total of 586 high school students (411 female, 70%; 175 male, 30%) and 639 (437 female, 63%; 202 male, 37%) university students participated in the study. Grit Scale, Short Grit Scale, and Beck Hopelessness Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The exploratory factor analysis results indicated that 14-item Grit Scale with three sub-dimensions explained 61.88% of the variance. The dimensions in the scale were named Perseverance, Commitment to Goals, and Consistency of Interest. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-dimensional structure of the Grit Scale fit the data well, with measurement invariance between the high school and university student groups. Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficients of the total score and sub-dimensions of the scale were found as 0.87, 0.85, 0.84, and 0.75, respectively. Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating the zero-order correlation between the Grit Scale and Short Grit Scale and a significantly high positive correlation was found (r= 0.655, p&lt; 0.001). Divergent validity was evaluated by examining the relationship between Grit Scale and the Beck Hopelessness Scale and a mild correlation was found (r= -0.484, p&lt; 0.001). The study revealed that the Grit Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used with adolescents and university students.