ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
The Information Professional's Profile: An Analysis of Brazilian Job Vacancies on the Internet
Author: da Cunha, Miriam Vieira
Date: 2009-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Foreign Countries,Online Searching,Internet,Employment Opportunities,Information Scientists,Librarians,Discussion Groups,Influence of Technology,Content Analysis,Information Sources,Profiles

Introduction: Report of a study to discover and describe job vacancies for information professionals available online at specific sites and discussion lists between January 2005 and February 2008. Method: The study uses Bardin's content analysis technique and the following analysis criteria: information source, institutional type, professional type, location, qualifications, job description, experience and foreign language requirements. Analysis: The results are compared with national and international studies on the profiles and skills of information professionals. Results: The results show that expansion in Brazil in the field of information and its professionals is still slow and this can be seen from the results presented. Conclusions: The profile for a typical information professional from the job advertisements analysed is for a librarian, with a degree in librarian studies, to perform technical and management functions in a private institution in the city of Sao Paulo.
Categorical and Specificity Differences between User-Supplied Tags and Search Query Terms for Images. An Analysis of "Flickr" Tags and Web Image Search Queries
Author: Chung, EunKyung
Date: 2009-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Retrieval,Indexing,Statistical Analysis,Search Strategies,Comparative Analysis,Web Sites,Statistical Significance,Social Networks,Photography,Visual Aids,Libraries,Museums

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to compare characteristics and features of user supplied tags and search query terms for images on the "Flickr" Website in terms of categories of pictorial meanings and level of term specificity. Method: This study focuses on comparisons between tags and search queries using Shatford's categorization schemes and the level of specificity based on the basic level theory. Analysis: Frequency distributions and chi-squared analyses were performed on the data. The results of statistical analyses demonstrated that there were significant differences in categories among tags and different stages of search query terms. The overall distributions of the levels of term specificity also had similar pattern in both tags and search query terms, but statistically significant differences were found between tags and search query terms. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that "Flickr" tags have their own unique features compared to users' queries for image searching. The findings suggest that image tags should not be generally applied to other image collections although they have been considered as useful data in developing a user-centered indexing system. Conclusions: When utilizing user-supplied tags for user-centered indexing systems, it is desirable to consider the functions and users' tasks applied in tags rather than depending on statistical features merely obtained from the tag analysis. (Contains 9 tables and 6 figures.)
The Situation of Open Access Institutional Repositories in Spain: 2009 Report
Author: Melero, Remedios
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Doctoral Dissertations,Questionnaires,Quality Control,Journal Articles,Foreign Countries,Metadata,Surveys,Statistics,Libraries,Response Rates (Questionnaires),Indexing,Search Strategies,Search Engines

Introduction: The DRIVER I project drew up a detailed report of European repositories based on data gathered in a survey in which Spain's participation was very low. This created a highly distorted image of the implementation of repositories in Spain. This study aims to analyse the current state of Spanish open-access institutional repositories and to describe their characteristics. Method: The data were gathered through a Web survey. The questionnaire was based on that used by DRIVER I: coverage; technical infrastructure and technical issues; institutional policies; services created; and stimulators and inhibitors for establishing, filling and maintaining their digital institutional repositories. Analysis: Data were tabulated and analysed systematically according responses obtained from the questionnaire and grouped by coverage. Results: Responses were obtained from 38 of the 104 institutions contacted, which had 29 institutional repositories. This represents 78.3% of the Spanish repositories according to the &quot;BuscaRepositorios&quot; directory. Spanish repositories contained mainly full-text materials (journal articles and doctoral theses) together with metadata. The software most used was DSpace, followed by EPrints. The metadata standard most used was Dublin Core. Spanish repositories offered more usage statistics and fewer author-oriented services than the European average. The priorities for the future development of the repositories are the need for clear policies on access to scientific production based on public funding and the need for quality control indicators. Conclusions: This is the first detailed study of Spanish institutional repositories. The key stimulants for establishing, filling and maintaining were, in order of importance, the increase of visibility and citation, the interest of decision-makers, simplicity of use and search services. On the other hand the main inhibitors identified were the absence of policies, the lack of integration with other national and international systems and the lack of awareness efforts among academia. (Contains 6 tables and 8 figures.)
Advantages of Thesaurus Representation Using the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) Compared with Proposed Alternatives
Author: Pastor-Sanchez, Juan-Antonio
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Models,Semantics,Information Services,Reference Materials,Semiotics,Vocabulary,Metadata,Information Retrieval,Information Technology,Hypermedia

Introduction: This paper presents an analysis of the Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) compared with other alternatives for thesaurus representation in the Semantic Web.  Method: Based on functional and structural changes of thesauri, provides an overview of the current context in which lexical paradigm is abandoned in favour of the conceptual paradigm. Likewise are described briefly various initiatives for the representation of thesauri using RDF vocabularies and hence for application to the Semantic Web, with particular attention to SKOS. Analysis and Results: This brief comparison will allow us to know some highlights of these proposals to raise those transcendental aspects in a model representing thesauri. SKOS includes the main proposal of this model, which organizes the concepts into diagrams and libraries. The notions of descriptors and non-descriptors terms are replaced by the association to the concepts of preferred and alternative labels and may be defined hierarchical or associative relationships between concepts. SKOS also provides for the establishment of correspondence relations between concepts belonging to different conceptual schemes. Conclusions: In accordance with the extent to which this series of requirements is fulfilled, we propose and defend the SKOS option as the best alternative for the development of multiple applications focusing on the use of thesauri in Web-based information services and systems, highlighting the advantages of this model over others proposed and in consideration of the user perspective in management, search and information query operations. (Contains 8 tables and 9 figures.)
A Profession in Transition: Towards Development and Implementation of Standards for Visual Resources Management. Part A - The Organization's Perspective
Author: Iyer, Hemalata
Date: 2009-09-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Information Management,Visual Aids,Content Analysis,Educational Improvement,Librarians,Surveys,Internet,Cooperation,Academic Libraries,Information Technology

Introduction: The research reported here is part of a larger research project, the aim of which is to improve education and training by providing the library community with the information necessary to support the development of programmes for visual resource professionals. Method: A content analysis of 394 job announcements in the visual resources field posted during the past five years was conducted. Analysis: Content analysis was employed, using two main categories of analysis: the information environments within which the jobs existed and the qualifying requirements for the jobs. Results: Overall, digitization, management, and cataloguing stand out as the most desired skills for visual resources professionals. Digital asset management and knowledge of digital technologies were specifically mentioned as were effective communication and project management skills. The knowledge areas include relevant standards and practices, cataloguing and classification theory, standards and practices in digitization, rights and permission, records management, photography, preservation, exhibition and relational and object databases. Conclusion: Visual resources management appears to be an emerging area of knowledge and expertise that needs to be systematically addressed. The profession is moving from slide curators and slide librarians to a field that encompasses a broad range of skills applicable in a wide range of environments. (Contains 9 figures.)
What a Difference a Tag Cloud Makes: Effects of Tasks and Cognitive Abilities on Search Results Interface Use
Author: Gwizdka, Jacek
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Multivariate Analysis,Cognitive Ability,Computer Interfaces,Internet,Search Engines,Cognitive Style,Information Science,Information Retrieval,Memory,Short Term Memory,Virtual Classrooms,Individual Differences,Search Strategies

Introduction: The goal of this study is to expand our understanding of the relationships between selected tasks, cognitive abilities and search result interfaces. The underlying objective is to understand how to select search results presentation for tasks and user contexts Method: Twenty three participants conducted four search tasks of two types and used two interfaces (List and Overview) to refine and examine search results. Click through data were recorded. This controlled study employed a mixed model design with two within-subject factors (task and interface) and two between-subject factors (two cognitive abilities: memory span and verbal closure). Analysis: Quantitative analyses were carried out by means of the statistical package SPSS. Specifically, multivariate analysis of variance with repeated measures and non-parametric tests were performed on the collected data. Results: The overview of search results appeared to have benefited searchers in several ways. It made them faster; it facilitated formulation of more effective queries and helped to assess search results. Searchers with higher cognitive abilities were faster in the Overview interface and in less demanding situations (on simple tasks), while at the same time they issued about the same number of queries as lower-ability searchers. In more demanding situations (on complex tasks and in the List interface), the higher ability searchers expended more search effort, although they were not significantly slower than the lower ability people in these situations. The higher search effort, however, did not result in a measurable improvement of task outcomes for high-ability searchers. Conclusions: These findings have implications for the design of search interfaces. They suggest benefits of providing result overviews. They also suggest the importance of considering cognitive abilities in the design of search results' presentation and interaction. (Contains 17 tables and 6 figures.)
Visualization and Evolution of the Scientific Structure of Fuzzy Sets Research in Spain
Author: Lopez-Herrera, A. G.
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Network Analysis,Maps,Foreign Countries,Information Retrieval,Bibliometrics,Visualization,Evolution

Introduction: Presents the first bibliometric study on the evolution of the fuzzy sets theory field. It is specially focused on the research carried out by the Spanish community.  Method. The CoPalRed software, for network analysis, and the co-word analysis technique are used. Analysis: Bibliometric maps showing the main associations among the main concepts in the field are provided for the periods 1965-1993, 1994-1998, 1999-2003 and 2004-2008. Results: The bibliometric maps obtained provide insight into the structure of the fuzzy sets theory research in the Spanish community, visualize the research subfields, and show the existing relationships between those subfields. Furthermore, we compare the Spanish community with other countries (the USA and Canada; the UK and Germany; and Japan and Peoples Republic of China). Conclusions: As a result of the analysis, a complete study of the evolution of the Spanish fuzzy sets community and an analysis of its international importance are presented. (Contains 12 tables and 21 figures.)
Background Variables, Levels of Aggregation, and Standardized Test Scores
Author: Paulson, Sharon E.
Date: 2009-11-20
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Federal Legislation,Disadvantaged,Standardized Tests,Academic Achievement,Achievement Tests,Predictor Variables,Student Characteristics,School Demography,Accountability,Statistical Analysis,Norm Referenced Tests,State Surveys,Educational Indicators

This article examines the role of student demographic characteristics in standardized achievement test scores at both the individual level and aggregated at the state, district, school levels. For several data sets, the majority of the variance among states, districts, and schools was related to demographic characteristics. Where these background variables outside of the control of schools significantly affected averaged scores, and test scores result in high stakes consequences, benefits and sanctions may be inappropriately applied. Furthermore, disaggregating the data by race, SES, limited English, or other groupings ignores the significant confounding and cumulative effects of belonging to more than one disadvantaged group. With these approaches to evaluation being fundamental to the No Child Left Behind mandates, the danger of misinterpretation and inappropriate application of sanctions is substantial. (Contains 8 tables and 2 figures.)
Contextual Influences on Superintendents' Time Usage
Author: Jones, Kim
Date: 2009-12-04
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Instructional Leadership,Superintendents,Accountability,Predictor Variables,Administrator Role,Administrator Responsibility,Questionnaires,Administrator Attitudes,Performance Factors,Context Effect,Time Management,State Surveys

Using data from a survey of superintendents in four states, this study explored how contextual factors and the real and perceived stringency of accountability measures influence the attention superintendents pay to the different roles comprising their work. A major concern was the extent to which stringent accountability was associated with superintendents' tendency to emphasize educational leadership rather than managerial functions. Recognizing that other circumstances also might contribute to superintendents' decisions about how to balance their work, the study included five contextual variables: enrollment, locale, SES, funding, and percentage minority. From a sample of 941 superintendents, 68% returned questionnaires. Findings: although superintendents' perceptions of the stringency of state accountability measures were related to their location in high- or low-stringency states, contextual factors and especially enrollment and the location of a district in a rural region had the most pronounced effects on their attention to managerial tasks. Allocation of time varied by state; however, across states very few superintendents' devoted the majority of their time to educational leadership. (Contains 7 tables and 7 footnotes.)
Comprehensive School Reform: Meta-Analytic Evidence of Black-White Achievement Gap Narrowing
Author: Gorey, Kevin M.
Date: 2009-12-30
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Ethnicity,School Restructuring,Federal Legislation,White Students,Achievement Gap,Educational Change,Meta Analysis,Evidence,African American Students,Racial Differences,Educational Policy,Achievement Gains

This meta-analysis extends a previous review of the achievement effects of comprehensive school reform (CSR) programs (Borman, Hewes, Overman, &amp; Brown, 2003). That meta-analysis observed significant effects of well endowed and well-researched programs, but it did not account for race/ethnicity. This article synthesizes 34 cohort or quasi-experimental outcomes of studies that incorporated the policy-critical characteristic of race/ethnicity. Findings: compared with matched traditional schools, the black-white achievement gap narrowed significantly more among students in CSR schools. In addition, the aggregate effects were large, substantially to completely eliminating the achievement gap between African American and non-Hispanic white students in elementary and middle schools. Title I policies before or after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 seem to have had essentially no impact on the black-white achievement gap. Curricular and testing mandates along with the threat of sanctions without concomitant resource supports seem to have failed. This study suggests that educational achievement inequities need not be America's destiny. It seems that they could be eliminated through concerted political will and ample resource commitments to evidence-based educational programs. (Contains 2 tables and 1 footnote.)
Changing English? The Impact of Technology and Policy on a School Subject in the 21st Century
Author: Jewitt, Carey
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English Instruction,Influence of Technology,Educational Practices,Educational Change,Foreign Countries,Case Studies,Comparative Analysis,Classroom Techniques,Poetry,Policy Analysis,Classroom Environment

This paper offers a historically comparative picture of the latest waves of policy and technological changes that have occurred between 2000-2006 and discusses their impact on the practices of secondary school English in the UK. It draws on data from two previous research projects to explore significant moments of micro-interaction in a classroom that can be  framed and integrated in the broader macro social and policy contexts of the production of school English. Specifically the paper offers a comparison of two distinct &quot;moments&quot;--2000, when the first data set was collected, and 2006 with a focus on the impact of technological and policy change for English. (Contains 1 table and 2 footnotes.)
Fighting the Rip: Using Digital Texts in Classrooms
Author: Honan, Eileen
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Literacy Education,Electronic Learning,Computer Uses in Education,Reading Materials,Foreign Countries,Teaching Methods,Socioeconomic Status,Socioeconomic Influences,Elementary School Students,Internet

This paper reports on a study investigating the use of digital texts in schools serving low and middle/upper socioeconomic communities. It draws on theoretical notions of rhizomes from the work of Deleuze and Guattari to explain the network of relations that are formed in classrooms, and that form the context for a set of patterns observed when students and teachers engage with digital texts in literacy lessons. These patterns of complexity, fragility, continuity, conservation and authenticity can explain some of the connections and conjunctions between and across the rhizomatic systems of different classrooms as well as providing a genealogical tracing of the past back to a report on the integration of new technologies in literacy classrooms published in 1997. It would seem that in the current contemporary climate, teachers who work with digital texts at any level swim against the tide of normative and conventional literacy routines of the classroom. (Contains 1 table and 6 footnotes.)
Young Children's Engagement with Digital Texts and Literacies in the Home: Pressing Matters for the Teaching of English in the Early Years of Schooling
Author: Davidson, Christina
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Young Children,Interpersonal Relationship,Interaction,Emergent Literacy,Computers,Computer Literacy,Access to Information,Social Development,Teaching Methods,Learning Strategies,Computer Uses in Education,Foreign Countries,English Instruction

Research has established young children's increasing use of computers and other new technologies in the home. Yet, teaching about digital texts and digital practices most often appears as an addition to early literacy instruction in classrooms where &quot;business-as-usual&quot; maintains an emphasis on print and print-based texts. This article examines two young children's literacy practices in the home during their searches for information about lizards using Google, Wikipedia and a reference book about reptiles. Conversation analysis of the young children's social interaction establishes how interaction resources produced socially recognisable actions, how social activity mutually accomplished knowledge about lizards, searches, images and print, and how children shifted seamlessly between various technologies and texts. It is concluded that the children's activities constitute the kinds of digital literacy practices that might inform, reform, or transform, the teaching of English in the early years of schooling. (Contains 1 figure and 1 footnote.)
Navigational Metalanguages for New Territory in English: The Potential of Grammatics
Author: Macken-Horarik, Mary
Date: 2009-12-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: English,Grammar,Writing Instruction,English Instruction,Literacy,Metalinguistics,Semiotics,Elementary School Students,Writing (Composition),Visual Aids,Foreign Countries

This paper takes up the sea-faring metaphor at the centre of this special edition and asks what kinds of navigational tools (metalanguages) are necessary to steer English through the digital seas of contemporary communication. Much of this territory is yet to be mapped and the disciplinary &quot;boat&quot; is buffeted by contrary winds such as pressures for improved outcomes on the basics and development of 21st-century digital skills. The role of grammar as a navigational aid is complicated by these competing pressures. Alongside developing metalanguages to explore digital literacy practices in Web2, in multimodal texts like picture books, websites and social networking sites, teachers are being asked simultaneously to prepare students for national testing regimes which assess children's abilities to identify the correct verb, to underline the pronouns and to punctuate sentences in language convention tests. What kinds of grammar will enable us to manage such seemingly incongruous purposes? How do we make use of tools to improve students' writing without succumbing to reductionist models of language? What kinds of &quot;stretch&quot; do available grammars need if they are to prove useful as tools in this environment? In this paper, I draw on a range of students' verbal, visual and multimodal texts to investigate the issues facing adaptations of grammatically informed metalanguages in English. I attempt to show how such metalanguages will need to accommodate and account for verbal texts produced by students for assessment and multimodal texts produced by young learners in less formal, even play, situations. Basing my account on Halliday's notion of &quot;grammatics&quot;, I argue that any navigational toolkit needs to make space for both convention and innovation, but that this process requires careful thinking, dialogue across different grammars and substantive research into semiosis in school English. (Contains 4 figures.)