ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Mediation Analysis of Mode Deactivation Therapy (Reanalysis and Interpretation)
Author: Bass, Christopher K.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adolescents,Psychotherapy,Behavior Modification,Cognitive Restructuring,Trauma,Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,Anxiety,Psychological Patterns,Aggression,Self Destructive Behavior,Antisocial Behavior,Meta Analysis,Mediation Theory,Residential Care,Institutionalized Persons,Fidelity,Attitude Measures,Outcome Measures,Outcomes of Treatment,Regression (Statistics),Males

A key component of Mode Deactivation Therapy (MDT) is the development of self-awareness and regulatory skills by the client with the aim of helping adolescent males with conduct disordered behaviors, including sexually inappropriate behaviors and emotional dysregulation. The goal includes altering specific behaviors to fall within socially acceptable norms. In MDT the intervention of Validation-Clarification-Redirection (VCR) is the fulcrum of the transformation of detrimental learned beliefs about the adolescents' environment that manifest destructive behaviors into ideas about the world and those in it, into functional beliefs that are more balanced and lead to more compliant behaviors. While evidence suggests that this is the mechanism of change, a study specifically identifying the impact of the introduction and use of this skill has not been conducted to date. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of MDT in both meta-analysis of total outcome versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and mediation analysis of the VCR variable of MDT. The population includes adolescents with co-existing problems of conduct, opposition personality traits and history of trauma.
Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy Aimed at Improving Sexual Self-Efficacy and Marital Satisfaction in Addict Couples of Treatment Period
Author: Nooripour, Roghieh
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Quality of Life,Counseling Techniques,Marriage Counseling,Addictive Behavior,Drug Addiction,Self Efficacy,Sexuality,Counseling Effectiveness,Marital Satisfaction,Outcomes of Treatment,Group Therapy,Comparative Analysis,Intervention,Communication Skills,Problem Solving,Foreign Countries,Mixed Methods Research

Those who are addicted to substances face increased psychological emotional, social and economic problems which can potentially have negative impacts on marital satisfaction and sexual self-esteem and efficacy. Routine activities are often displaced by the need to satisfy the physiological urges. Within a marital union, this along with other variables can distract many from their expected marital responsibilities and daily activities. This study investigated quality of life, marital satisfaction, and sexual self-efficacy in couples who were both addicted to substances within an identified treatment period. The number of participants was 40 (&quot;N&quot; = 40). Participants were randomly assigned to two of four treatment conditions. Each group was comprised of 10 people undergoing treatment for addiction. All participants were couples entering treatment together who agreed to participate in a treatment program in Qazvin city. Instruments utilized in this investigation included the Enrich marital satisfaction questionnaire (short form) and the Reynolds' sexual self-efficacy scale. Treatments consisted of eight sessions of training in the form of group therapy, which were conducted by trained clinicians. The control group consisted of those who were waiting for training. No treatment/ training was given. After intervention both groups were tested. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze data. The results indicated that training significantly improved marital satisfaction and sexual self-efficacy. Scores obtained in the treatment and control group showed a significant difference (p less than 0.05). The conclusion of this study suggests that couples where both partners are addicted to substances can increase their levels of satisfaction and efficacy within the marital union. Quality of life therapy empowers people to actualize their knowledge, attitudes and values. These skills can enable partners to have increased motivation for starting healthy behaviors which will have significant impacts on their marital satisfaction and sexual function. Trainings designed to enhance communication and collaboration can improve the quality of the marital union despite the influence of substance and addiction within both marital partners.
Altruism, Empathy, and Sex Offender Treatment
Author: Ward, Tony
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Altruism,Empathy,Sexual Abuse,Intervention,Therapy,Interpersonal Relationship,Ethics,Rehabilitation,Cognitive Restructuring,Intimacy,Interpersonal Competence,Self Control,Problem Solving

Treatment programs for serious offenders such as sex offenders typically include an empathy training component as part of a comprehensive intervention package. The reasons for doing so are partly based on research evidence indicating that social disconnection and relationship ruptures related to empathy failures often trigger offending, and also because it is hard for people to grasp how individuals can inflict severe harm on others without lacking empathic capacities. In this paper we examine Philip Kitcher&apos;s concept of psychological altruism and altruism failure and consider its conceptual relationship to empathy and morality. We then apply Kitcher&apos;s multidimensional concept of altruism to the field of sex offender rehabilitation and argue that it can provide a useful ethical resource through which to approach the various tasks of practice.
Peer-Directed, Brief Mindfulness Training with Adolescents: A Pilot Study
Author: Jennings, Samuel J.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Metacognition,Adolescents,Physiology,Program Descriptions,Training,Peer Teaching,Anxiety,Measures (Individuals),Psychological Patterns

This pilot study studied the impact of brief mindfulness meditation training with adolescents. Whereas adult mindfulness training programs typically entail weekly 2.5 hour sessions over an eight week period, this program delivered four 50-minute sessions within a three week period. Each session was comprised of two mindfulness exercises delivered by a peer facilitator. In addition to subjective self-reports of stress reduction, the outcome measures showed a 30% reduction in general anxiety as measured by the Beck Anxiety Inventory and a 9% reduction in social anxiety as measured by the Interaction Anxiety Scale. Notably, the mindfulness intervention showed a 55% reduction on the Cognitive subscale of the BAI, but only an 11% reduction on the Physiological subscale, suggesting that the strongest short-term effect of mindfulness training may be in reducing or counteracting negative cognitions such as self-deprecation and excessive worrying.
A Community Treatment Model for Adolescents Who Sexually Harm: Diverting Youth from Criminal Justice to Therapeutic Responses
Author: Pratt, Russ
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Crime,Sexual Abuse,Delinquency,Juvenile Justice,Community Programs,Foreign Countries,Intervention,Counseling Techniques,Developmentally Appropriate Practices,Residential Programs,Day Programs,Federal Legislation,Delivery Systems,Family Environment,Outcomes of Treatment,Early Adolescents,Adolescents

The costs of treating youth who sexually harm others can exceed $200,000 Australian (US$220,000) per annum when they are placed in a residential type facility in either Australia or North America. Following the financial meltdown of the past two years, North American based residential-style programs have found themselves under increasing financial pressure, with some well-known facilities in the U.S. having closed their doors. Other facilities have experienced drops in their referral numbers of up to 50%, resulting in substantial staff lay-offs, and shorter lengths of stay for clients. Community-based programs can offer a low-cost alternative model of treatment that may match or exceed the success and recidivism rates achieved through facility-based residential treatment, dependent on sound assessment and consideration of the viability of the young person to: a) continue to reside in the community, and b) to continue to reside in their family home while undertaking treatment. This article describes the state-wide community-based Sexually Abusive Behavior Treatment Services (SABTS) operating in Victoria, Australia, driven by the legislatively innovative Therapeutic Treatment Order (TTO) model in effect since 2007. This program, delivered to children and adolescents aged 10-14, is currently being extended to the 15-17 year age group due to its success in accomplishing its goals. The effectiveness of the program demonstrates the capacity to design and implement treatment programs that are able to safely keep and treat young persons with sexually harmful behavior in the community, and at a far reduced cost when compared to residential treatment costs, and with similar to lower sexual recidivism rates.
The Risk Need Responsivity Model of Offender Rehabilitation: Is There Really a Need for a Paradigm Shift?
Author: Looman, Jan
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Risk,Models,Criminals,Correctional Rehabilitation,Sexual Abuse,Rape,Recidivism,Therapy,Psychology,Evidence,Criticism

The current paper critically reviews the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) and Good Lives Model (GLM) approaches to correctional treatment. Research, or the lack thereof, is discussed in terms of whether there is a need for a new model of offender rehabilitation. We argue that although there is a wealth of research in support of RNR approaches, there is presently very little available research demonstrating the efficacy of the GLM in terms of the impact that programs based on this model of rehabilitation have on observed rates of recidivism among offender populations. Additionally, the emphasis of the GLM approach on the principles and techniques of positive psychology is untested in the area of forensic psychology. Evidence with reference to the assessment and treatment of sexual offenders is discussed as this is a particular focus of the GLM approach. We conclude, in agreement with the developers of the GLM approach, that the RNR model needs to be adapted in order to incorporate recent research related to the factors associated with recidivism among sexual offenders. However, we argue that the GLM is largely an empirically untested model, and further offers little in terms of adding to or replacing the RNR model. We recognize that a revised version of the RNR based approach is necessary, incorporating an integrated approach to treatment, and we introduce and briefly describe the RNR-I (Integrated)), a model developed by the authors and supported by a variety of empirical research, including a number of outcome studies produced by our team and others.
Lessons Learned from History and Experience: Five Simple Ways to Improve the Efficacy of Sexual Offender Treatment
Author: D'Orazio, Deirdre M.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sexual Abuse,Criminals,Rehabilitation,Recidivism,Prevention,Counseling Techniques,Affective Behavior,Empathy,Psychotherapy,Counselor Client Relationship,Counseling Effectiveness,Child Abuse,Holistic Approach,Outcomes of Treatment

This article chronicles the development of the field of Sexual Offender Treatment in the United States since the 1980&apos;s. It offers an analysis of the Relapse Prevention model, a case study, and a summary description of contemporary field advancements. Through historical and personal reflection, the author summarizes lessons learned as five simple strategies to enhance the efficacy of Sexual Offender Treatment: (1) Focus first on the client&apos;s self, assessing and treating old wounds, (2) highlight affective factors, (3) cultivate empathy for the abuser and a landscape for change, (4) embrace the mystery of wholeness, and (5) care for the therapist. This article emphasizes and urges a re-focusing in the field of sexual offender treatment in order to both recognize the importance of and prioritize participant response to treatment delivery, the impact of the therapist upon treatment outcome, and a return to the basic principles of general psychotherapy.
Putting the &quot;Community&quot; Back in Community Risk Management of Persons Who Have Sexually Abused
Author: Wilson, Robin J.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sexual Abuse,Criminals,Crime Prevention,Recidivism,Risk Management,Community Involvement,Criminal Law,Court Litigation,Accountability,Agency Cooperation,Teamwork,Cooperative Planning,At Risk Persons,Correctional Institutions,Institutionalized Persons,Social Support Groups

The actions and consequences of sexual offenders continue to be a topic of great discussion among researchers, clinicians, policymakers, and the community-at-large. Much of this discussion has centered on how offenders should be managed once released to the community. Legislatures have been quick to enact statutes identifying and limiting the community behaviors of offenders. However, many in the research community have questioned their efficacy, or have published research highlighting potential iatrogenic effects suggesting decreased offender stability and increased risk for new criminality (including sexual reoffending). This paper reviews current practices regarding sexual offender sentencing, statutory risk management, and measures of official control prior to suggesting a model of community engagement in providing both support and accountability frameworks to offenders demonstrating both high risk and need. The Circles of Support and Accountability model of professionally supported wraparound care is described, and research data supporting its effectiveness are provided. General comments are made regarding policy and practice issues in community-based sexual offender risk management. Overall, greater collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and the community-at-large is suggested as a means to increase offender reintegration potential while mitigating risks to vulnerable persons in the community.
Why Prevention? Why Now?
Author: Tabachnick, Joan
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Prevention,Sexual Abuse,Public Health,Violence,Crime Prevention,Language Usage,Public Policy,Social Attitudes,Victims of Crime,Interpersonal Competence,Social Responsibility,Intervention

In 1995, the American Medical Association declared sexual abuse a &quot;silent, violent epidemic.&quot; Since that declaration, there has been a growing acceptance and awareness of the need for a broader public health approach to preventing sexual violence. However, it is only recently that individuals and organizations are beginning to look at the root causes of sexual violence and how to prevent first time perpetration of sexual violence--preventing sexual abuse before anyone is harmed. This article provides an overview of the shifts in our language, perspective, and policies regarding how we view preventing the perpetration of sexual abuse, and argues that we must adopt and invest in a prevention approach whose goal is to, first and foremost, prevent sexual violence before anyone is harmed.
The Rashomon Dilemma: Perspectives on and Dilemmas in Evidence-Based Practice
Author: Prescott, David S.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Evidence,Best Practices,Outcomes of Treatment,Sexual Abuse,Delinquency,Youth Problems,Case Studies,Intervention,Residential Care,Protocol Analysis

Professionals working with adolescents who have been sexually abused are under ever increasing pressure to engage in evidence-based practice (EBP), or treatments that have demonstrated proof of their efficacy. While the quest for EBP is certainly praiseworthy, it has been an elusive concept for many professionals. Further, development of evidence-based treatment curricula has prompted questions as to their best usage, in light of actual practice and at the level of each individual client. When one examines the data on groups of clients, the evidence for such curricula can be impressive; however, questions remain about specific applications and the human frailties of those administering and providing these treatment curricula. The Rashomon dilemma adds to these questions the effect and impact of differing interpretations shaped by the legitimate, but often different, perspectives held by different stakeholders in any given case.
Using Mindfulness in the Treatment of Adolescent Sexual Abusers: Contributing Common Factor or a Primary Modality?
Author: Jennings, Jerry L.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Perception,Attention Control,Outcomes of Treatment,Cognitive Restructuring,Behavior Modification,Sexual Abuse,Adolescents,Criminals,Rehabilitation Programs,Counseling Effectiveness

Although mindfulness has become a mainstream methodology in mental health treatment, it is a relatively new approach with adolescents, and perhaps especially youth with sexual behavior problems. Nevertheless, clinical experience and several empirical studies are available to show the effectiveness of a systematic mindfulness- based methodology for treating adolescents who engage in sexual and physical aggression. In this article, the authors first explore the elements of mindfulness that are inherent in traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and then review how mindfulness has been systematically incorporated into several &quot;third wave&quot; cognitive-behavioral therapies--ACT, DBT, MBCT, and MDT--each of which have been applied with adolescents. While it can be argued that mindfulness is a &quot;common&quot; therapeutic factor across approaches, mindfulness can also be considered to be, and applied as, a primary modality to enhance the effectiveness of most therapies with adolescents who engage in problem behaviors, including sexual offending. The key, however, is making modifications to accommodate the unique developmental needs of adolescents. A case example is presented to demonstrate the clinical application of mindfulness with an adolescent victim and perpetrator of sexual abuse.
What Were We Thinking? Five Erroneous Assumptions That Have Fueled Specialized Interventions for Adolescents Who Have Sexually Offended
Author: Worling, James R.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Adolescents,Sexual Abuse,Intervention,Crime,Prosocial Behavior,Mental Disorders,Misconceptions,Prevention,Recidivism,Juvenile Justice,Therapy,Delinquency,Ethics,Deception,Profiles

Since the early 1980s, five assumptions have influenced the assessment, treatment, and community supervision of adolescents who have offended sexually. In particular, interventions with this population have been informed by the assumptions that these youth are (i) deviant, (ii) delinquent, (iii) disordered, (iv) deficit-ridden, and (v) deceitful. There is very little research to support these beliefs, however, and some researchers and clinicians have long pointed out that adolescents who commit sexual crimes are heterogeneous and that there is no typical profile. Indeed, many adolescents who commit sexual crimes display healthy sexual interests, are prosocial in their orientation, are not psychiatrically disordered, can be described by many strengths and protective factors, and are open regarding past sexual crimes and their sexual interests. If the goal of intervention is to help adolescents to prevent future offenses, then it is essential for all involved in their care to be more critical of these erroneous assumptions that have influenced the field for the past several decades.
Expensive, Harmful Policies that Don&apos;t Work or How Juvenile Sexual Offending is Addressed in the U.S.
Author: Letourneau, Elizabeth J.
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Juvenile Justice,Public Policy,Crime,Federal Legislation,Sexual Abuse,Disclosure,Law Enforcement,Therapy

In this policy paper we briefly review the historical predecessors of modern sex crime legislation. We then review modern policies, focusing on those that have been applied to youth who have sexually offended and for which there is at least some empirical evaluation. These include sex offender civil commitment, registration and public notification. None of the existing research validates the use of these strategies with juveniles and indeed there is growing evidence of harm. As such, we recommend that policies be revised to either exclude juveniles altogether or to mitigate the negative effects of policies when applied to juveniles.
Taking a Developmental Approach to Treating Juvenile Sexual Behavior Problems
Author: Creeden, Kevin
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Therapy,Juvenile Justice,Behavior Problems,Sexual Abuse,Adolescents,Crime,Adolescent Development,Trauma,Attachment Behavior,Brain,Sexuality,Risk

While theories on the etiology of sexually problematic and offending behavior have become increasingly developmental in their perspective, treatment approaches that are utilized to address these issues have not significantly changed to address this thinking. Adolescent behavioral problems are especially linked to a wide range of personal and developmental factors that can often be marginalized or overlooked when taking a behavior management approach to address these issues. This article presents an argument for treatment that explicitly places problematic sexual behavior in a developmental context. This approach prioritizes the assessment of developmental strengths and deficits and identifies treatment progress as the acquisition and integration of developmental skills and not just the absence of problematic behavior. Special consideration is given to research on the impact of trauma and attachment disruptions on neurodevelopment and overall developmental progress.
Youth Sexual Offending: Context, Good-Enough Lives, and Engaging with a Wider Prevention Agenda
Author: Smallbone, Stephen
Date: 2013-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Sexual Abuse,Delinquency,Youth,Recidivism,Crime Prevention,Prevention,Risk Management,At Risk Persons,Intervention,Rehabilitation,Social Theories,Social Influences,Foreign Countries,Indigenous Populations,Context Effect,Ecological Factors

In this article we reflect on developments in our thinking and practice concerning youth sexual offending. We put the case that context is critical to understanding and responding to the problem, and accordingly that a social ecological model provides the most suitable conceptual and practice framework for clinical efforts with this population. We argue that, since the primary goal of clinical forensic intervention is to prevent recidivism, clinical efforts should focus on a limited number of specific individual, situational, and ecological risk and protective factors. Finally, we describe how our clinical fieldwork has led to the discovery of serious endemic problems with youth sexual violence and abuse in two different communities, and outline our approach to designing, implementing and evaluating a suite of locally-tailored preventive interventions to reduce the prevalence and impact of these problems.