ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
Why Are Spatial Skill and Mathematics Related?
Author: Mix, Kelly S.
Date: 2019-00-00
Type: Reports - Evaluative
Subjects: Spatial Ability,Mathematics Skills,Correlation,Mathematics Instruction,Problem Solving,Kindergarten,Grade 3,Grade 6,Elementary School Students,Middle School Students

Research has demonstrated strong relations between spatial skill and mathematics across ages and in both typical and atypical populations, suggesting that a significant proportion of variance in mathematics performance can be explained by variance in spatial skill. Why do these relations exist and how do they develop? Studies of dimensionality in the two domains suggest the relation holds across tasks and is not limited to specific spatial or mathematics subskills. Spatial skills might perform several functions in real-time problem solving, but these have not been differentiated empirically. The relation appears to be based on automatic shared processing, as well as strategic recruitment of spatial processes. Developmentally, the relation is consistent in its strength, but may change qualitatively, particularly in response to novel mathematics content. [This paper was published in &quot;Child Development Perspectives&quot; v13 n2 p121-126 2019.]
Junior High School Students&apos; Science Process Skills Evaluation through Alternative Laboratory Experiment
Author: Balmeo, Marshelle G.
Date: 2022-08-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Junior High School Students,Science Process Skills,Student Evaluation,Laboratory Experiments,Grade 8,Science Instruction,Science Teachers,Foreign Countries,Student Attitudes,Teacher Attitudes,Chemistry,Alternative Assessment

This study aimed to develop alternative laboratory experiments (ALEs) in Chemistry 8 and evaluate the perceived improvement of the students' basic science process skills after utilizing the material. This employed a mixed method of research. Initially, a self-assessment survey questionnaire was used to determine the basic science process skills of the 20 Grade 8 student-respondents. From the results, alternative laboratory experiments were developed and validated. Validated ALEs were given to the same group of respondents. At the same time, acceptability questionnaire was administered to the 21 teacher-respondents comprising the total population of science 8 teachers in the Division of Lucena City. The teachers highly accepted that the ALEs promote holistic development in all the three (3) learning domains, cognitive, psychomotor, and affective. To evaluate the improvement of the students' basic SPS, an individual in-depth interview was conducted. Qualitative analysis of the students' basic SPS revealed that the learners who utilized the ALE improved their skills. As perceived by students, they became mindful of the process of observation, execute alternative way of quantifying data and materials, identify the cause and effect, and use related observations, look closely at the properties and characteristics, made the good prediction based on recorded data, and improve in presenting data and explaining results. Therefore, the developed material in selected contents for Chemistry 8 that can improve the target learners' basic science process skills is ready for utilization in the home school scheme.
What Drives Preventive Health Behavior during a Global Pandemic? Emotion and Worry
Author: Coifman, Karin G.
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Prevention,Health Behavior,COVID-19,Pandemics,Psychological Patterns,Anxiety,Adults,Likert Scales

Background &amp; Purpose: Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S. adults early during the pandemic and to build explanatory models of the psychological processes that drive them. Methods: US adults were recruited through Qualtrics Research Panels (N = 324; 55% female; M[subscript age] = 50.91, SD = 15.98) and completed 10 days of online reports of emotion, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility and worry, and recommended behaviors (social distancing, hand washing, etc.). Factor analysis revealed behaviors loaded on two factors suggesting distinct motivational orientations: approach and avoidance. Results: Changes in approach and avoidance behaviors over the 10 days indicated large individual differences consistent with three types of participants. Discrete emotions, including fear, guilt/shame, and happiness were associated with more recommended behaviors. Fear and COVID-19 worry indirectly influenced each other to facilitate more behavioral engagement. While emotions and worry strongly predicted individual differences in behavior across the 10 days, they did not predict as well why behaviors occurred on one day versus another. Conclusions: These findings suggest how daily affective processes motivate behavior, improving the understanding of compliance and efforts to target behaviors as primary prevention of disease.
Man&apos;s Control of His Environment. A Survey of Science III for Junior High Schools
Author: Powers, Samuel Ralph
Date: 1935-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Junior High Schools,Science Education,Evaluation Methods,Textbooks,Science and Society,Units of Study

This series has been prepared for use in the junior-high-school grades. The authors have been guided in this work by the recommendations set forth in the report &quot;A Program for Teaching Science,&quot; in the Thirty-first Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (1932), Part I. In this report of the National Society for the Study of Education there is a list of principles and generalizations which, taken collectively, define the major contributions of science to human welfare and to human interests. This list, with some modifications, has been used for guidance in the selection of instructional material for these books. Like the two preceding volumes, this book is organized into relatively few teaching units. These are divided into conveniently arranged chapters. Each unit develops understanding of some large feature in the environment, over which man is exerting some measure of control. The subject matter of a unit has been brought together because it belongs together for the development of an understanding of the means whereby this control has been attained. At the end of each chapter there are many carefully prepared aids to learning, which take the form of direct experiences. These direct and vicarious experiences supplement one another in developing for the learner an enlargement of understanding of important principles and generalizations, and serve to develop an ability to use scientific methods of work.
This Changing World. A Survey of Science II for Junior High Schools
Author: Powers, Samuel Ralph
Date: 1934-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Junior High Schools,Science Education,Evaluation Methods,Textbooks,Science and Society,Units of Study

This series has been prepared for use in the junior-high-school grades. The authors have been guided in this work by the recommendations set forth in the report &quot;A Program for Teaching Science,&quot; in the Thirty-first Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education (1932), Part I. In this report there is a list of principles and generalizations which, taken collectively, define the major contributions of science to human welfare and to human interests. This list, with some modifications, has been used for guidance in the selection of instructional material for these books. This book is organized into relatively few teaching units, which are divided into conveniently arranged chapters. Each of these units develops understanding of some large feature of our changing environment that is definitely associated with human interest. The order in which the units are arranged in the book is such that the learner acquires, as he progresses, an increasingly enlarged understanding of the major theme of the book, that the student lives in a world of change. Reading the chapter gives to the pupil a composite picture of some situation that has in it rich potentialities for further study. The aids to learning at the end of each chapter guide the pupil to further learning through direct observation and experimentation. Ability to use the scientific method may be expected to result from practice in the use of the scientific method, especially when applied within an interesting area.
The Next Generation of State Reforms to Improve Their Lowest Performing Schools: An Evaluation of North Carolina&apos;s School Transformation Intervention
Author: Henry, Gary T.
Date: 2020-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: State Policy,Educational Change,Educational Legislation,Elementary Secondary Education,Federal Legislation,Program Evaluation,Educational Improvement,Academic Achievement,School Turnaround,Faculty Mobility,Teacher Effectiveness

In contrast to prior federally mandated school reforms, the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) allows states more discretion in reforming their lowest performing schools, removes requirements to disrupt the status quo, and does not allocate substantial additional funds. Using a regression discontinuity design, we evaluate a state turnaround initiative aligned with ESSA requirements. We find the effect on student achievement was not significant in year one and -0.13 in year two. Also, in year two, we find that teachers in turnaround schools were 22.5 percentage points more likely to turn over. While the increased teacher turnover in NCT schools in 2017 opens the possibility that reform schools were intentionally replacing less effective teachers with more effective ones, our analysis does not support that strategic staffing occurred. The negative effects on student achievement appear related to variable timing of implementation of one of the few required components for serving low-performing schools under ESSA--a comprehensive needs assessment which leads to comprehensive school improvement plans. These findings may serve as a cautionary tale for states planning low-performing school reforms under ESSA. [This article was published in &quot;Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness&quot; (EJ1275426).]
Dual Language Learners with Disabilities: A Visual Data Tool for the Critical Educator
Author: González, Taucia
Date: 2019-09-00
Type: Reports - Descriptive
Subjects: Second Language Learning,Students with Disabilities,Educational Research,Bilingual Education,Equal Education,Inclusion,Educational Practices,English (Second Language),Curriculum Development,Culturally Relevant Education,Teaching Guides

This Equity Tool is for teachers that need quick access to research on the intersection of language and disability. This multi-functional tool can be used as a quick visual resource, or as a more in-depth tool by digging into the data sources embedded in the infographics coupled with critical reflective questions. The infographics can be printed and hung in the classroom for reference, used electronically with the embedded hyperlinks, or used in small learning communities.
Grade Inflation at Saudi Universities Before, during and after the Pandemic: A Comparative Study
Author: Al-Jarf, Reima
Date: 2022-00-00
Type: Journal Articles
Subjects: Grade Inflation,Universities,Foreign Countries,COVID-19,Pandemics,Comparative Analysis,Anxiety,Electronic Learning,Computer Assisted Testing,Grading,In Person Learning

This study investigates grade inflation in 127 language, linguistics, translation, education, and computer courses taught at some Saudi universities before, during and after the Pandemic. Grades obtained from some instructors for courses taught over 8 semesters were analyzed. It was found that between 20% 65% chose a pass/no-grade results, the rest of the students mostly earned A &amp; B grades in Spring 2020 when instruction and assessment were held online compared to students' grade in Fall 2018, Spring 2018, Fall 2019, and after the Pandemic (in Fall 2020, Spring 2021, Fall 2021, Spring 2022). Grade inflation was the highest in computer courses followed by education courses and was the least in language, linguistics, and translation courses. Grade inflation in Spring 2020 was due to the adjustments mandated by universities to alleviate students' anxiety caused by the sudden shift to online teaching and assessment. Universities allocated 20% of the course marks to final exams, gave alternatives to a written final and to be lenient in grading. Students had the option to drop the course or have a pass with no-grade result. In Fall 2020, classes were still held online but exams were held on campus. Starting Fall 2021, both instruction and exams were held on campus. Mark distribution and exam requirements went back to normal as before the Pandemic. However, grade inflation continued in many courses even in Spring 2022. The study gives recommendations for maintaining exam reliability, validity, and fairness in emergency and normal situations to achieve the desired learning outcomes
A System of Geometry and Trigonometry: Together with a Treatise on Surveying; Teaching Various Ways of Taking the Survey of a Field; Also to Protract the Same and Find the Area. Third Edition
Author: Flint, Abel, Comp.
Date: 1813-00-00
Type: Books
Subjects: Textbooks,Geometry,Trigonometry,Measurement,Geography,Topography,Mathematics

This work is chiefly a compilation from other books; and but very little new is added except a more full explanation, than has yet been published, of rectangular surveying, or the method of calculating the area of fields arithmetically, without drawing a plot of them and measuring with a scale and dividers, as has been the common practice; and also a more particular explanation of the use of natural sines than is contained in most mathematical books. The primary design of this treatise is to teach common field surveying; at the same time it contains the elements of surveying upon a larger scale; and the system of geometry and trigonometry with which it is introduced, with the problems for the mensuration of superficies, as also the mathematical tables at the end, will be found useful for many other purposes.
Ask for Help: Online Help-Seeking and Help-Giving as Indicators of Cognitive and Social Presence for Students Underrepresented in Chemistry
Author: Williams-Dobosz, Destiny
Date: 2021-00-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: College Students,Disproportionate Representation,STEM Education,Help Seeking,Helping Relationship,Chemistry,Computer Mediated Communication,Group Discussion,Academic Achievement,Equal Education,Electronic Learning

Help-seeking is an essential tool for student success. Still, students, especially those underrepresented in STEM (UR-STEM) and those underrepresented in chemistry (UR-Chem), may be reluctant to employ help-seeking for academic success. Understanding help-seeking in online courses is crucial for developing equitable learning environments where students can engage with a community of inquiry. We analyzed help-seeking behaviors and responses to requests for help in an online college-level chemistry course's discussion forum. We found that requests for help were responded to equally, regardless of how explicitly students appealed for help. Furthermore, we found that UR-Chem students requested and responded to help similarly and received help at greater rates than their non-UR-Chem peers. Results support that productive and substantive help-seeking and help-giving discussions occur in an online discussion forum. Ultimately this work highlights a necessary learning skill, help-seeking, thereby informing chemistry instruction and learning. [This is the online version of an article published in &quot;Journal of Chemical Education.&quot; For the final published version of this article, see EJ1319375.]
A Treatise of Practical Surveying; which Is Demonstrated from Its First Principles. Wherein Every Thing That Is Useful and Curious in That Art, Is Fully Considered and Explained. Particularly Three New and Very Concise Methods for Determining the Areas of Right-Lined Figures Arithmetically, or by Calculation, as Well as the Geometrical Ones Heretofore Treated of. Sixth Edition
Author: Gibson, Robert
Date: 1792-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Geometry,Trigonometry,Measurement,Geography,Topography,Mathematics,Foreign Countries

This publication, with alterations and amendments, has been adapted to the use of American surveyors. The first section discusses decimal fractions, the square root, geometrical definitions, theorems and problems, and logarithm numbers, signs, and tangents. The second section contains plane trigonometry right angled and oblique, with its application in determining the measures of inaccessible heights and distances. The third section gives an account of the chains and measures used in Great Britain and Ireland, methods of surveying and of taking inaccessible distances by the chain only, with some necessary problems, and a description of several instruments used in surveying, with their respective uses. The fourth section contains two methods of finding the areas of maps from their geometrical construction. Finally, the fifth section contains a new, and much more concise method of determining the areas of surveys from the field notes, or by calculation than any hitherto published.
America&apos;s Story for America&apos;s Children. VI: The Young Republic
Author: Knowlton, Clarence H.
Date: 1931-00-00
Type: Books
Subjects: United States History,Educational History,Supplementary Reading Materials

This textbook is intended to furnish interesting collateral reading for the classes in United States History. It is to be read and enjoyed as background material, rather than to be learned and recited. This volume covers: (1) George Washington, 1781-1799; (2) Thomas Jefferson, 1743-1825; (3) The War of 1812, 1812-1815; (4) From Massachusetts to Ohio, 1787-1788; (5) The Story of the Cotton Gin, 1794; (6) The Lewis and Clark Expedition, 1804-1806; (7) Astoria, 1810-1812; and (8) The Success of Robert Fulton, 1807.
America&apos;s Story for America&apos;s Children. VII: America Grows Up
Author: Knowlton, Clarence H.
Date: 1931-00-00
Type: Books
Subjects: Textbooks,History Instruction,United States History,Presidents,State History,Military Service,Transportation,Newspapers

This textbook is intended to furnish interesting collateral reading for the classes in United States History. It is to be read and enjoyed as background material, rather than to be learned and recited. This volume covers: (1) The Era of Good Feeling, 1817-1825; (2) John Quincy Adams, 1767-1848; (3) Andrew Jackson, 1767-1845; (4) The Story of the Lone Star State, 1820-1863; (5) General Zachary Taylor, 1784-1850; (6) General Winfield Scott, 1768-1866; (7) The Conquest of New Mexico and California, 1845-1846; (8) A Railroad Story, 1828-1830; (9) Sailing &quot;The Father of Waters&quot;; (10) The Story of the &quot;New York Tribune,&quot; 1832-1872; (11) Daniel Webster, 1782-1852; and (12) John C. Calhoun, 1782.
A Healthy Body. A Text-Book on Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene, Alcohol, and Narcotics. For Use in Intermediate Grades in Public and Private Schools. Revised Edition [1892]
Author: Stowell, Charles H.
Date: 1892-00-00
Type: Books
Subjects: Health Education,Drinking,Smoking,Hygiene,Anatomy,Physiology,Textbooks,Intermediate Grades,Health Behavior,Narcotics,Food

This textbook has been written to meet the demand for the study of the human body in the intermediate and grammar grades of the public schools. Especial attention has been given to the effects of alcoholic drinks on the organs and tissues of the body. In this respect no statement has been made that is not capable of positive proof. The author has also strongly insisted on the injury to young men and boys caused by the habit of smoking tobacco, which in too many cases prepares the way for more disastrous habits. Good health is one of the safeguards not only against suffering, but also against crime. Vicious habits often result from a lack of knowledge of the laws of health, while both physical and mental health are frequently impaired by conditions which a proper understanding of hygiene would obviate. Therefore, special attention has been given to general hygiene. It is believed that the study of the human body, together with a knowledge of the effects of alcohol upon it, will do much to make the coming generation wise, temperate, and moral.
A Healthy Body. A Text-Book on Anatomy, Physiology, Hygiene, Alcohol, and Narcotics. For Use in Intermediate Grades in Public and Private Schools. Revised Edition [1893]
Author: Stowell, Charles H.
Date: 1893-00-00
Type: Books
Subjects: Health Education,Drinking,Smoking,Hygiene,Anatomy,Physiology,Textbooks,Intermediate Grades,Health Behavior,Narcotics,Food

This textbook has been written to meet the demand for the study of the human body in the intermediate and grammar grades of the public schools. Especial attention has been given to the effects of alcoholic drinks on the organs and tissues of the body. In this respect no statement has been made that is not capable of positive proof. The author has also strongly insisted on the injury to young men and boys caused by the habit of smoking tobacco, which in too many cases prepares the way for more disastrous habits. Good health is one of the safeguards not only against suffering, but also against crime. Vicious habits often result from a lack of knowledge of the laws of health, while both physical and mental health are frequently impaired by conditions which a proper understanding of hygiene would obviate. Therefore, special attention has been given to general hygiene. It is believed that the study of the human body, together with a knowledge of the effects of alcohol upon it, will do much to make the coming generation wise, temperate, and moral.
Comprehensive Sex Education: Why It Matters and What It Looks Like
Author: Guanci, Sin R.
Date: 2022-09-00
Type: Reports - Descriptive
Subjects: Sex Education,Equal Education,Controversial Issues (Course Content),Inclusion,Curriculum,Stakeholders,Teachers,Well Being,Educational Policy,State Policy,Racism,Minority Group Students,Sex Stereotypes,Ethnic Stereotypes,Gender Bias,LGBTQ People,Sexuality,Elementary Secondary Education

This Equity Tool is for educators who want to offer comprehensive and inclusive age-appropriate sex education to students, and are wondering how. This tool delineates what must be included (and excluded) in curricula and appropriate pedagogies at various grade levels; discusses how to navigate conservative backlash teachers might encounter; and discusses the ways in which educators can care for themselves since some teachers, particularly teachers of Color, might be concerned for their wellbeing and employment as they do this work.
Grow Your Own Special Programs: Contributing More than Diversity. Equity by Design
Author: González, Taucia
Date: 2018-00-00
Type: Reports - Descriptive
Subjects: Special Education Teachers,Diversity (Faculty),Equal Education,Alternative Teacher Certification,Teacher Education Programs,Minority Group Students,Minority Group Teachers,Student Diversity,Program Effectiveness,Racism

This &quot;Equity by Design&quot; brief highlights one promising means of diversifying the special education teacher workforce while advancing equity for communities of Color through alternative certification routes (ACRs) called Grow Your Own (GYO) teacher preparation programs. The authors begin by providing background on the teacher and student demographic gap that persists in the US educational system. They examine the special education teacher context that further exacerbates the issue. The authors then introduce GYOs as a promising contribution to diversifying the (special) education workforce along with some sample programs.