ethanporcaro/eric-fulltext-meta huggingface dataset:
An Examination of the Costs of Texas Community Colleges. REL 2023-142
Author: Levin, Jesse
Date: 2022-10-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Community Colleges,Educational Finance,Financial Support,Access to Education,Success,Needs Assessment,Educational Equity (Finance),Costs,First Generation College Students,Two Year College Students,Disadvantaged Youth,Low Income Students,Age Differences,Nontraditional Students,English Language Learners,Equal Education,Resource Allocation,Barriers,Economically Disadvantaged,Educational Policy,Student Needs,Expenditures

Policymakers in Texas want to understand the funding levels necessary for community colleges to meet their promise of providing an affordable and accessible pathway to a postsecondary certificate or degree. Regional Educational Laboratory Southwest conducted this study to help leaders at the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board better understand the extent to which Texas community colleges have adequate funding for reaching the desired levels of student success, as measured by success points milestones used in the state's performance-based funding system. The study involved three types of analyses: a needs analysis, an equity analysis, and a cost function analysis. The needs analysis found that community colleges with higher percentages of first-generation college students, students who are economically disadvantaged, students who are academically disadvantaged, students older than 24 years, and English learner students earn fewer success points milestones per full-time equivalent student. The equity analysis found that community colleges with higher percentages of students who are academically disadvantaged spent less per full-time equivalent student, suggesting that there may be resource inequities for these students. The cost function analysis found that spending was not high enough to cover the cost of providing an equal opportunity for first-generation college students, students who are economically disadvantaged, students older than 24 years, and English learner students to achieve the same level of outcomes as students without these needs. The findings from this study can inform Texas policymakers' efforts to distribute funding for community colleges to support equitable opportunities for all students to succeed in college. [For the appendixes, see ED623285.]
An Examination of the Costs of Texas Community Colleges. REL 2023-142. Appendixes
Author: Levin, J.
Date: 2022-10-00
Type: Reports - Research
Subjects: Community Colleges,Educational Finance,Financial Support,Access to Education,Success,Needs Assessment,Educational Equity (Finance),Costs,First Generation College Students,Two Year College Students,Disadvantaged Youth,Low Income Students,Age Differences,Nontraditional Students,English Language Learners,Equal Education,Resource Allocation,Barriers,Economically Disadvantaged,Educational Policy,Student Needs,Expenditures

The &quot;Examination of the Costs of Texas Community Colleges&quot; study examined the funding levels necessary for community colleges to meet their promise of providing an affordable and accessible pathway to a postsecondary certificate or degree. The study involved three types of analyses: a needs analysis, an equity analysis, and a cost function analysis. The findings from this study can inform Texas policymakers' efforts to distribute funding for community colleges to support equitable opportunities for all students to succeed in college. This document presents the following three appendixes that accompany the study: (1) Texas' Student Success Points performance-based funding system; (2) Data and methods; and (3) Supporting analyses. [For the full report, see ED623284.]
Kimball&apos;s Elementary English. Book One
Author: Kimball, Lillian G.
Date: 1911-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary Education,English Instruction,Communication (Thought Transfer),Dictionaries,Educational History,Language Usage

This textbook is an elementary English course based upon two fundamental facts in regard to language: (1) the purpose of language is communication of thought; and (2) the use of language is an art. The book also provides a complete and progressive course of instruction in the use of the dictionary as an aid to both oral and written language.
McGuffey&apos;s Rhetorical Guide; Containing Elegant Extracts in Prose and Poetry: With Copious Rules and Rhetorical Exercises. For High Schools and Academies. Eclectic Educational Series
Date: 1853-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Poetry,Prose,Values Education,Reading Instruction,Pronunciation,Oral Reading

This textbook provides course content in elocution with reading exercises. In the selection of articles for Reading Exercises, great care has been taken to present a variety of style and subject, to attract by interest of matter, to elevate by purity and delicacy of sentiment, and especially to furnish the mind with valuable information, and to influence the heart by sound moral and religious instruction. Part 1 contains the principles of elocution. Parts 2 and 3 contain reading lessons in prose and poetical lessons.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book One
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1930-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook has been organized on a seasonal basis. Subject matter has been arranged throughout so it will be suitable for the season of the year in which it normally will be studied. To test reading ability, different forms of new-type tests have been included at the end of every chapter under the heading, &quot;Some Things to Think About.&quot; Activities are suggested under the heading &quot;Some Things to Do.&quot; Specific suggestions to the teacher on the teaching of each chapter are placed at the back of the book. For this volume, simplicity in subject matter and style has been an aim in order that the joy of the subject, and the attitudes, habits, and ideals taught by it may not be lost in a maze of mechanical difficulties. The psychology of the child has been kept constantly in mind in the presentation of the subject matter.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book Two. A Nature Study and Science Reader
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1928-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook is second in a series of science readers. Each volume of the series is organized on the basis of seasons and contains the material for a year of instruction. Throughout the series the authors have kept in mind the psychology of the child rather than the orderly scientific arrangement of the subject matter. The vocabulary of each book has been most carefully selected from and checked against accredited lists of words of highest frequency in the spoken vocabulary of young children. Moreover, the point of view of the authors is that of explaining to children the everyday world about them and making it an object of interest and profit to them. At the close of each chapter various suggestions and questions are offered under the heading &quot;Things to Think About,&quot; and activities under the heading &quot;Things to Do.&quot; New-type tests have been included for the purpose of determining comprehension of the reading assignment. Each volume also carries suggestions to teachers on how to handle the activities.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book Three. A Nature Study and Science Reader
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1928-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook is third in a series of science readers. Each volume of the series is organized on the basis of seasons and contains the material for a year of instruction. Throughout the series the authors have kept in mind the psychology of the child rather than the orderly scientific arrangement of the subject matter. The vocabulary of each book has been most carefully selected from and checked against accredited lists of words of highest frequency in the spoken vocabulary of young children. Moreover, the point of view of the authors is that of explaining to children the everyday world about them and making it an object of interest and profit to them. At the close of each chapter various suggestions and questions are offered under the heading &quot;Things to Think About,&quot; and activities under the heading &quot;Things to Do.&quot; New-type tests have been included for the purpose of determining comprehension of the reading assignment. Each volume also carries suggestions to teachers on how to handle the activities.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book Four. A Nature Study and Science Reader
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1929-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook is fourth in a series of science readers. Each volume of the series is organized on the basis of seasons and contains the material for a year of instruction. Throughout the series the authors have kept in mind the psychology of the child rather than the orderly scientific arrangement of the subject matter. The vocabulary of each book has been most carefully selected from and checked against accredited lists of words of highest frequency in the spoken vocabulary of young children. Moreover, the point of view of the authors is that of explaining to children the everyday world about them and making it an object of interest and profit to them. At the close of each chapter various suggestions and questions are offered under the heading &quot;Things to Think About,&quot; and activities under the heading &quot;Things to Do.&quot; New-type tests have been included for the purpose of determining comprehension of the reading assignment. Each volume also carries suggestions to teachers on how to handle the activities.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book Five. A Nature Study and Science Reader
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1930-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook is fifth in a series of science readers. Each volume of the series is organized on the basis of seasons and contains the material for a year of instruction. Throughout the series the authors have kept in mind the psychology of the child rather than the orderly scientific arrangement of the subject matter. The vocabulary of each book has been most carefully selected from and checked against accredited lists of words of highest frequency in the spoken vocabulary of young children. Moreover, the point of view of the authors is that of explaining to children the everyday world about them and making it an object of interest and profit to them. At the close of each chapter various suggestions and questions are offered under the heading &quot;Things to Think About,&quot; and activities under the heading &quot;Things to Do.&quot; New-type tests have been included for the purpose of determining comprehension of the reading assignment. Each volume also carries suggestions to teachers on how to handle the activities.
Elementary Science by Grades: Book Six. A Nature Study and Science Reader
Author: Persing, Ellis C.
Date: 1930-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Elementary School Science,Science Instruction,Textbooks

This textbook is sixth in a series of science readers. Each volume of the series is organized on the basis of seasons and contains the material for a year of instruction. Throughout the series the authors have kept in mind the psychology of the child rather than the orderly scientific arrangement of the subject matter. The vocabulary of each book has been most carefully selected from and checked against accredited lists of words of highest frequency in the spoken vocabulary of young children. Moreover, the point of view of the authors is that of explaining to children the everyday world about them and making it an object of interest and profit to them. At the close of each chapter various suggestions and questions are offered under the heading &quot;Things to Think About,&quot; and activities under the heading &quot;Things to Do.&quot; New-type tests have been included for the purpose of determining comprehension of the reading assignment. Each volume also carries suggestions to teachers on how to handle the activities.
Elements of Geometry, Conic Sections, and Plane Trigonometry. Revised Edition
Author: Loomis, Elias
Date: 1871-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Geometry,Mathematics Instruction,Trigonometry

This textbook commences with a brief sketch of the history of Elementary Geometry. The definitions throughout have been somewhat amplified, and several notes have been added which it is hoped may be found useful and suggestive. The subject of Ratio has been expanded; a few new propositions have been added; and there is a considerable collection of unsolved problems, with some numerical exercises. In the treatise on the Conic Sections the alterations are numerous, and at the close of each chapter is given a collection of numerical exercises. The treatise on Plane Trigonometry, although concise, is pretty complete, and this is followed by a Table of Logarithms and of Sines and Tangents for every minute of the quadrant.
Elements of the Conic Sections
Author: Simson, Robert
Date: 1809-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Geometry,Mathematics Instruction

This textbook is a course in Euclidian geometry conic sections. It was translated by the original Latin, and was revised, corrected and enlarged.
Fairy Life: Third Reader Grade. Golden Rod Books
Author: Haaren, John H., Comp.
Date: 1896-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Reading Instruction,Grade 3,Elementary Education

This textbook is a third reader. Selections are poems and stories of fairy life intended to spark the pupil's imagination and, in some cases, impart moral values.
First Steps in Scientific Knowledge: Complete in Seven Parts. I. Animals; II. Plants; III. Stones and Rocks; IV. Physics; V. Chemistry; VI. Animal Physiology; VII. Vegetable Physiology
Author: Bert, Paul
Date: 1887-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Elementary School Students,Science Instruction,French,Translation,Public Schools,Private Schools,North Americans,Animals,Plants (Botany),Physiology,Physics,Chemistry,Earth Science,Food

This textbook is an elementary natural science book. It was translated from French. Changes and additions were necessary to Americanize the book, and adapt it to the requirements of public and private schools as well as to home instruction in the United States. The Natural History section has been slightly enlarged by the introduction of several American species, omitted in the original and in the English edition, and a few inaccuracies concerning other species met within the United States have been corrected. [This work was translated by Madame Paul Bert and revised and corrected by William H. Greene.]
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Grade II
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1897-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 2

This textbook is a second-grade course in arithmetic. While it contains a review of the work of Grade I, pupils who have not had the benefit of a kindergarten training or of Grade I drill will need to have certain principles and definitions more carefully explained. Starting with this knowledge, which is usually given in all Kindergartens, the work in this grade advances logically, as the mind of the child expands. One or more lessons are given to the developing of a new topic; then the following lessons are so arranged as to give the pupils practice in applying the new topic in connection with all the other topics previously learned. This constant review will be found very beneficial.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Book III
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 3

This textbook is a third-grade course in arithmetic. It contains a review of the preceding book, a continuation and extension of the work in the fundamental processes and in fractions, and the introduction of several new principles in their simplest form, as percentage. The exercises are divided into lessons for convenience. Better results will follow if the order indicated here is quite closely followed; for it combines new principles, and review of old principles, in such a way as to make the advance more uniform and thorough.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Book IV
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 4

This textbook is a fourth-grade course in arithmetic. It contains a review of the principles taught in Book III, with their extension to problems of greater difficulty. A few new principles are introduced from time to time, the aim being to introduce the new thought side by side with the review of those already taught. Realizing that the highest function of arithmetic is to develop thought power, the author's aim has been to accomplish this by many concrete examples suited to the child mind. To quicken the thought power they have found it useful frequently to give only statements of certain problems, leaving the pupils to determine first, what can be found, and then how to find it.
Four Young Explorers or Sight-Seeing in the Tropics. All Over the World Library. Third Volume of Third Series
Author: Optic, Oliver
Date: 1896-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Reading Instruction,Reading Materials

&quot;Four Young Explorers&quot; is the third volume of the third series of the &quot;All-Over-the-World Library.&quot; A young millionaire and his friends explore and have adventures throughout Asia. It is written by Oliver Optic, a pseudonym of William T. Adams who was a teacher and served as a member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives. He consulted many volumes in writing this book; and he takes great pleasure in mentioning among them the very interesting and valuable work of W. T. Hornaday, an accomplished traveler and scientist.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Book V
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 5

This textbook is a fifth-grade course in arithmetic. It contains a review of the work done in Book IV, the extension of the principles taught there to more difficult problems, and a few new topics. Notation and numeration receive more attention. The work in fractions is extended to include multiplication and division, using only small denominators. The subject of bills is introduced under the head of decimal fractions. The subject of compound numbers is enlarged and includes their addition. Examples in percentage previously performed by using the common fraction representing the percent, are now solved decimally. The work in measurements, believed to be a valuable feature of the previous grades, is here extended to area of circles, cylinders, and cones. Interest by an easy, short, and &quot;business&quot; method is taken up. The reason for introducing so many lessons of a miscellaneous character should not be overlooked. These lessons give a constant review, and are far more beneficial to a pupil than examples all classified and labeled for him.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Book VI
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 6

This textbook is a sixth-grade course in arithmetic. The topics in book V are reviewed in this book. Some topics, as fractions, are completed as special subjects; and others, like percentage, enlarged. Compound numbers are completed, and ratio introduced. The latter subject will be found helpful in much of the higher work in percentage, and it has been introduced a little earlier than usual. Two or three topics are placed at the end of the book so that they may be more easily omitted unless the course of study demands that they shall be taught. A thorough mastery of any subject comes only from repetition; hence many review exercises are given so that the pupil may be able to rely upon himself and learn to work absolutely without assistance. Principles are taught, and not rules; and the work is made practical, so that the pupil can be prepared for the affairs of every-day life.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Book VII
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 7

This textbook is a seventh-grade course in arithmetic. The plan pursued in this series of arithmetics is that of giving constant practice in those principles already acquired at the same time that new topics are presented. Accordingly, many review examples in percentage are given as the subject is more fully developed. The form lessons, which have been an important part of the previous books, are here continued, and their scope broadened to include the simple principles of concrete geometry, the mastery of which renders the transition to theoretical geometry devoid of the usual difficulties. The first principles of Algebra are also introduced. There are, throughout the arithmetical portion of the book, many examples that should be solved by letting x stand for the unknown term. Wherever this method of solution is the simpler, teachers should encourage children to make use of it. Putting into algebraic language the conditions of an arithmetical problem forms an easy transition from the concrete language of arithmetic to the abstract and general language of algebra.
Graded Lessons in Arithmetic: Grade VIII
Author: Nichols, Wilbur F.
Date: 1899-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Textbooks,Mathematics Instruction,Arithmetic,Grade 8

This textbook is an eighth-grade course in arithmetic. This book completes the ordinary grammar school course in arithmetic, and covers all the work not included in the preceding books of this series. It is suggested, however, that, in places where there are nine grades, some topics should be omitted from the eighth grade and presented in the ninth. The number and variety of problems in each new subject furnish sufficient practice for the complete mastery of that subject. The same system of frequent reviews pursued in the lower books has been followed in this, with many examples in fractions and percentage, in order that the pupils may acquire facility and accuracy in ordinary business computations. The aim has been to furnish material sufficient to meet the demands of any school. The work in algebra has been continued to include a knowledge of the fundamental principles and of the equation. The constructive and inventional work in geometry is continued, and a little demonstrative work introduced.
Seventh Book: Arithmetic, Geometry, and Algebra. Elementary School Mathematics by Grades Globe Series
Author: Chancellor, William E.
Date: 1902-00-00
Type: Historical Materials
Subjects: Arithmetic,Geometry,Mathematics Instruction,Textbooks,Lesson Plans,Teaching Methods,Elementary School Students

For boys and girls who are prepared in the essential elements of arithmetic this later book proposes extended instruction in percentage and commercial transactions, and in the elements of geometry. It is one of a series of handbooks for pupils, and consists of progressive lessons, arranged mainly in topics, either reviewing the treatment in earlier books, or completing the subject, or preparing for the next book. Teaching suggestions are included. [Cover title varies: &quot;Graded Arithmetics. Book Seven--Grade VIII.&quot;]