[{"audio_id": "by2h7qBsmBM", "text": {"by2h7qBsmBM-00000-00000000-00000200": "Hi everyone", "by2h7qBsmBM-00001-00000200-00000400": "bank nifty 1 minute chart", "by2h7qBsmBM-00002-00000400-00002035": "after 9.20 buy call came so green color cdandle", "by2h7qBsmBM-00003-00002110-00003130": "good bullish trend", "by2h7qBsmBM-00004-00003213-00005038": "buy trend green color selling means red color", "by2h7qBsmBM-00005-00005038-00006185": "85 point target", "by2h7qBsmBM-00006-00006330-00008163": "after 15 mins target achieved", "by2h7qBsmBM-00007-00008163-00010397": "weekly option chart", "by2h7qBsmBM-00008-00010397-00012255": "for subscription details WhatsApp - 9488462166"}}, {"audio_id": "by7-L57-33u", "text": {"by7-L57-33u-00000-00000024-00000560": "there we go all right so what's up with you guys if you guys didn't know by now my name is dj and", "by7-L57-33u-00001-00000560-00001032": "this is my dad right here he's known as dj's dad now because right i don't even have a name no more", "by7-L57-33u-00002-00001120-00001592": "i lost my name we're trying to take his identity we got the same name but i'm junior so you know", "by7-L57-33u-00003-00001592-00001912": "what i'm saying i just gotta make sure that i'm just taking all the credit for the name", "by7-L57-33u-00004-00001912-00002424": "now right i used to have a name every time they see me out in public they go you're dj's dead", "by7-L57-33u-00005-00002504-00003056": "it's like what's up with that so in today's video we are going to be going over my most recent", "by7-L57-33u-00006-00003056-00003504": "sneaker pickups talking about some different stuff we talked about doing a podcast in the future we", "by7-L57-33u-00007-00003504-00003872": "talked about doing a bunch of different things so the only way we can do it is just get started do a", "by7-L57-33u-00008-00003872-00004256": "little live stream do something maybe once a month or every couple weeks or something like that kind", "by7-L57-33u-00009-00004256-00004680": "of get the cadence going let everybody know and then i'll also make sure that i have his channel", "by7-L57-33u-00010-00004680-00005048": "link for you guys down below in the description as well because we got to get him to like ten", "by7-L57-33u-00011-00005048-00005528": "thousand subscribers like asap he's been slacking on his uploads so don't rush them in the comments", "by7-L57-33u-00012-00005528-00006040": "section no i couldn't get into my thing for a while he didn't even know how to log in again", "by7-L57-33u-00013-00006040-00006528": "it just messed me up but i couldn't do nothing and for a while there was like two months i couldn't", "by7-L57-33u-00014-00006528-00007008": "get in that was because i got a new phone and it messed up my email just changed everything", "by7-L57-33u-00015-00007144-00007440": "okay so the first shoe that i uh well this isn't the first year i'm just kind of", "by7-L57-33u-00016-00007440-00007808": "picking some random stuff i wasn't able to grab everything because i was kind of rushing but we", "by7-L57-33u-00017-00007808-00008312": "got like 10 shoes to go through so you know i usually pick up like what 15 20 shoes a month", "by7-L57-33u-00018-00008312-00008616": "maybe i was gonna say i thought you was gonna say a year i'm like there's no way", "by7-L57-33u-00019-00008752-00009144": "i try to i try to get away from buying more than one a day at this point but you know how", "by7-L57-33u-00020-00009144-00009496": "to do but they always get multiple pairs so how does that count yeah it's you know it's", "by7-L57-33u-00021-00009496-00010112": "rough three pairs of the same things does that count so this is the lebron nine low uh lebron", "by7-L57-33u-00022-00010112-00010592": "palmer and um yeah i'll let you uh give your interpretations of the shoe", "by7-L57-33u-00023-00010592-00010984": "i like the shoe only thing is the color you know me i'm like a plain color person like", "by7-L57-33u-00024-00011048-00011672": "i like the i like the shoe style but i would never wear the color right you know but this right here", "by7-L57-33u-00025-00011760-00012120": "is dope how they keep doing that this is right with the bubble and all the way down it gets", "by7-L57-33u-00026-00012120-00012648": "smaller so this whole this whole outsole glows in the dark as well that's dope so there's a lot of", "by7-L57-33u-00027-00012648-00013136": "cool elements to this shoe uh this came out like 10 years ago and it's based off of the arno palmer", "by7-L57-33u-00028-00013136-00013568": "lebron palmer was with the name of the show okay okay so it's kind of like a collab type thing um", "by7-L57-33u-00029-00013568-00014032": "with lebron nike and arnold palmer and stuff so yeah they've done different colorways over the", "by7-L57-33u-00030-00014032-00014472": "years uh when it comes to that shoe unless on the make of the shoe they did a good job", "by7-L57-33u-00031-00014472-00015063": "though yeah so this used to sell for like two thousand dollars and now what first of all yes", "by7-L57-33u-00032-00015336-00015704": "okay now what does it go for it so now they go retail is 200 bucks and", "by7-L57-33u-00033-00015704-00016216": "they're like sitting on shelves how to go from 2000 to sitting on the shelf i don't", "by7-L57-33u-00034-00016216-00016576": "know y'all tell me down below in the comment section how that happens it doesn't make sense", "by7-L57-33u-00035-00016576-00017048": "it's very interesting how the shoe game works a lot of people are sleeping on lebrons to say the", "by7-L57-33u-00036-00017048-00017496": "least and there's gonna be time later where so it would be smart right now to buy a bunch of lebrons", "by7-L57-33u-00037-00017576-00018096": "and then like some of the shoes four or five years six seven years later they shoot up", "by7-L57-33u-00038-00018096-00018592": "yeah and we're seeing a lot of like colorways that never this was a sample that never came to", "by7-L57-33u-00039-00018592-00018992": "life and then now like 10 years later on the anniversary that we get in the shoe right so", "by7-L57-33u-00040-00018992-00019296": "it's just time to think about when it comes to stuff like that next up we got a little", "by7-L57-33u-00041-00019296-00019560": "bit of a heater right here you can put that one down on the floor or something", "by7-L57-33u-00042-00019560-00019936": "maybe one day we'll have a nice set up in the studio we're working right we're working on", "by7-L57-33u-00043-00019936-00020424": "this our first day yeah birthday of the office so this is this is crazy i can wear these it's the", "by7-L57-33u-00044-00020424-00021184": "off-white dunk low um i got these at sneaker con this is lot number six yeah not nine six", "by7-L57-33u-00045-00021496-00021936": "they did good on this shoe i could wear this shoe i would wear this unfortunately y'all know", "by7-L57-33u-00046-00021936-00022408": "me i'm going to put them on my feet if i'm if unfortunately no you're so sweaty they show up", "by7-L57-33u-00047-00022408-00023024": "to the house they're going on my feet so with the shoe like this you got leather on the upper canvas", "by7-L57-33u-00048-00023024-00023408": "materials a bunch of different lacing styles would you take these like crazy colors i would", "by7-L57-33u-00049-00023408-00023896": "i would take these off okay and just rock this like the white laces only yeah i would do that", "by7-L57-33u-00050-00023896-00024512": "okay maybe even put this in the place of where the white lace is and try it out and try it like that", "by7-L57-33u-00051-00024512-00024920": "and get rid of the white lace and just that way i only have that color right there yeah instead", "by7-L57-33u-00052-00024920-00025400": "of all over there so they basically did 50 of these in all different slightly shade color", "by7-L57-33u-00053-00025400-00025839": "variations so there's like a suedes and then there was leather ones like this with the canvas so", "by7-L57-33u-00054-00025839-00026416": "like every ten it was groups of ten so like two through ten and then like 11 through uh", "by7-L57-33u-00055-00026416-00026816": "20 and you know it kind of goes through there and then they got to each different sets so if", "by7-L57-33u-00056-00026816-00027304": "you put the whole set together it's probably worth a little bit over or around i would say", "by7-L57-33u-00057-00027368-00028216": "um maybe like 40 000 for the whole set right now yeah yeah so how many sets of those do you have", "by7-L57-33u-00058-00028216-00028704": "so i have two right now um originally when they first came out y'all know he got all the shoes", "by7-L57-33u-00059-00028808-00029248": "but anyway go ahead when originally when these first came out i was considering doing it but", "by7-L57-33u-00060-00029248-00029648": "there's a couple of sneaker shops like that's like bigger obviously that have more access to getting", "by7-L57-33u-00061-00029648-00030088": "shoes faster that i was like if i'm going to do it i got to be the first one to do it right and", "by7-L57-33u-00062-00030088-00030448": "i started like contacting people to see how many i could acquire and i was like i could get maybe", "by7-L57-33u-00063-00030448-00030864": "like 25 pairs but that's only like half of a set and if i'm gonna do that you know and at the time", "by7-L57-33u-00064-00030864-00031312": "they were hitting for like 400 bucks 500 bucks and they're slowly 25 here right you see what", "by7-L57-33u-00065-00031312-00031704": "i'm saying so now the price goes up but now when you put the whole set together especially if you", "by7-L57-33u-00066-00031704-00032056": "get them all in the same size brand new you know what i'm saying so right for me i'm going to just", "by7-L57-33u-00067-00032056-00032639": "accumulate their size is harder yes so i'm gonna accumulate them over the years and then uh we'll", "by7-L57-33u-00068-00032639-00033344": "see which ones i get maybe i'll have 20 pairs or something i don't know he got 18 right now no", "by7-L57-33u-00069-00033344-00033864": "no no no no you know okay so these are some uh can you guys guess what's up what do you think is", "by7-L57-33u-00070-00033864-00034192": "inside this box he's like i don't know what type of boxing i don't know the boxes y'all know that", "by7-L57-33u-00071-00034248-00034896": "um oh speaking of that we had another shoe that i got you oh we'll talk about that one later the one", "by7-L57-33u-00072-00034896-00035472": "that i got you this in the red and gray yeah yeah so this is a dunk low um obviously steelers ghost", "by7-L57-33u-00073-00035472-00035832": "steelers right we've been outside this we've been at the steelers game y'all seen this in the game", "by7-L57-33u-00074-00035904-00036584": "hey almost in the field just for real but anyway no these are dope you know this this is our color", "by7-L57-33u-00075-00036584-00037008": "you know we're gonna rock these clean cuz it's a good looking shoe you all see that this is", "by7-L57-33u-00076-00037008-00037472": "a great looking shoe so and they don't go too wild you know with the dunks for me yeah like", "by7-L57-33u-00077-00037472-00037896": "i'm not too wild don't know whether i think you could rock those you correct those yeah on", "by7-L57-33u-00078-00038128-00038528": "nfl game or something yeah um so these retail is 100 bucks", "by7-L57-33u-00079-00038584-00039160": "and they sell for like two something like 250 or something like that i think um i got a good deal", "by7-L57-33u-00080-00039160-00039544": "on them i was like great i'll you know i'll grab these add them to the collection i wanted to add", "by7-L57-33u-00081-00039544-00039968": "them i have the high top version the iowa ones oh yeah it's like the college pack they're like over", "by7-L57-33u-00082-00039968-00040800": "here um so i was like let me get the low tops too you know just kind of complete the set of things", "by7-L57-33u-00083-00040800-00041152": "you gotta do that that's that's the whole situation with that shoe oh yeah let's have", "by7-L57-33u-00084-00041152-00041824": "you rate these shoes out of ten too while we're at it oh okay let's go let's go back real quick i get", "by7-L57-33u-00085-00041824-00042424": "this uh for the the way it's made and everything else you know i ain't too big on the colorway but", "by7-L57-33u-00086-00042424-00042976": "i me i give it a seven seven out of ten okay okay so 6.9 is a perfect score by the way oh wait no", "by7-L57-33u-00087-00043168-00043672": "and i would give this uh i don't know i'll probably get this with seven and a half", "by7-L57-33u-00088-00043672-00044240": "seven and a half on the off-white lock stick number yeah that's me okay okay but you know", "by7-L57-33u-00089-00044240-00044736": "i'm a little bit older than him yeah and see i'll give this a nine okay okay see that's the thing i", "by7-L57-33u-00090-00044736-00045216": "like that it's just it's simple yeah you know and you can rock more outfits with it definitely get", "by7-L57-33u-00091-00045216-00045544": "your money's worth right or something like that right and it's half the price and it's easy to", "by7-L57-33u-00092-00045544-00046016": "clean keep these cleaners yeah because otherwise canvas and the leather yes yeah if y'all know", "by7-L57-33u-00093-00046016-00046664": "about that canvas one good wear it could be gone man it is rough okay so right here we have a", "by7-L57-33u-00094-00046784-00047472": "nike undefeated box right here so i just recently got these um at the end of the month and", "by7-L57-33u-00095-00047592-00048080": "this is another dunk low undefeated vibe well this is clean got the tan laces the", "by7-L57-33u-00096-00048080-00048432": "different meshes uh yeah the leather swoosh on that is really nice yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00097-00048536-00049008": "i should have did that over here it's kind of an interesting material on the toe and everything", "by7-L57-33u-00098-00049008-00049784": "it feels like a like a lawn chair the basket weave dude no that's nice this is a nice shoe", "by7-L57-33u-00099-00049960-00050216": "smart we're going these colors because you can go there with the laces yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00100-00050344-00050736": "this shoe right here when it came out not too many people really i don't know if they didn't like it", "by7-L57-33u-00101-00050736-00051192": "or appreciate it or hype it up or whatever retail is like a hundred and low hunt i think what's the", "by7-L57-33u-00102-00051192-00051744": "retail on the dunks these are like 100 again it become color like how many outfits can you wear", "by7-L57-33u-00103-00051744-00052208": "with that i feel like that's a very like i think maybe it's the seasonal thing like maybe it came", "by7-L57-33u-00104-00052208-00052567": "out at the wrong time but i feel like this came out in the fall time i don't remember it's been", "by7-L57-33u-00105-00052567-00053008": "a minute there's so many shoes coming out all the time but this um in particular i thought it was", "by7-L57-33u-00106-00053008-00053488": "a solid shoe and for being able to get it for a good deal shout out to untied la as well as", "by7-L57-33u-00107-00053488-00053936": "you guys know i like cop and kicks out there you cop some kicks oh man they got shoes out there", "by7-L57-33u-00108-00053936-00054479": "cops in case oh my god i went on the shopping spree did y'all see that i didn't spend no money", "by7-L57-33u-00109-00054655-00055040": "he liked those shopping trees he got it all for me", "by7-L57-33u-00110-00055248-00055879": "oh my god man i was hooked up y'all got to look for the video for that one but anyway um notice a", "by7-L57-33u-00111-00055879-00056288": "good looking shoe so yeah i thought it was a cool pickup i wanted to add it to the collection maybe", "by7-L57-33u-00112-00056288-00056704": "and if anything you know if i i always tell people too like if you're on the fence about buying a", "by7-L57-33u-00113-00056704-00057167": "shoe just buy it and everybody said well if i can't afford okay i get that obviously if you're", "by7-L57-33u-00114-00057167-00057679": "not in a financial situation to buy it don't buy it but if you are then and you're on the fence", "by7-L57-33u-00115-00057679-00058136": "just buy it when you go but this is just true that you that moment you're going to finally go", "by7-L57-33u-00116-00058136-00058608": "out yeah and you're going to put on that fit and then you're like i got it you finally got it and", "by7-L57-33u-00117-00058608-00058991": "then where is everybody going bananas like oh i can't believe you wear these blah blah blah that's", "by7-L57-33u-00118-00058991-00059328": "the way i see this [__] and then it goes out you're not gonna rock this shoe on a regular basis", "by7-L57-33u-00119-00059328-00059744": "you wait and then you're like oh now i want it and then the price goes up and then now you're", "by7-L57-33u-00120-00059744-00060384": "paying that price so it's like even if you don't want it later then now you can sell it well yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00121-00060967-00061616": "oh no shout out four squatter let's go there you go shout out shout out", "by7-L57-33u-00122-00061720-00062200": "good looking so we uh oh yeah by the way we're gonna keep saying this over and over i'm gonna", "by7-L57-33u-00123-00062200-00062720": "make sure that i link my dad's channel at the end of this video we can try to put it in um this", "by7-L57-33u-00124-00062816-00063432": "stream right now actually for you guys let me see that way you guys have his channel i need", "by7-L57-33u-00125-00063432-00063920": "you guys to spam up his channel and tell him to post some actual youtube videos compared to these", "by7-L57-33u-00126-00063920-00064424": "random clips that he'd be putting on his channel i'm trying to tell him to uh get his life together", "by7-L57-33u-00127-00064479-00064767": "and post some real posts i'm gonna grow up be like my son here", "by7-L57-33u-00128-00065167-00065584": "hold on let me uh how can i can i comment in this thing i'm still learning you guys", "by7-L57-33u-00129-00065584-00066216": "give me a give me a break he's doing better than me uh hold on let me see we'll figure", "by7-L57-33u-00130-00066216-00066584": "it out i'll try to add it to the description or something i think that's what we have to", "by7-L57-33u-00131-00066584-00067552": "do oh yeah i can add it to the description right here um subscribe to my dad's channel", "by7-L57-33u-00132-00067896-00068216": "y'all gonna see us eventually hopefully get a podcast going and y'all see us on a", "by7-L57-33u-00133-00068216-00068832": "regular basis yup get it cracking i'll tell a couple y'all about your life get it right", "by7-L57-33u-00134-00068896-00069072": "okay be able to get shoes like this", "by7-L57-33u-00135-00069312-00069808": "okay hopefully that's in the description i'll also put his channel link right here um that way you", "by7-L57-33u-00136-00069808-00070272": "guys can check out his channel later and subscribe and drop comments on his videos telling them that", "by7-L57-33u-00137-00070272-00070832": "you saw him here uh yeah rate this out of 10. i'll give this a 9. nice i'm gonna give this one i'm", "by7-L57-33u-00138-00070832-00071336": "gonna give this a nine okay and the reason why i like i said this is a good looking shoe okay", "by7-L57-33u-00139-00071336-00071760": "but you need that perfect outfit and when you get that outfit then it goes right it's going to kill", "by7-L57-33u-00140-00071760-00072424": "him okay okay a nine i was thinking seven nothing that's a good looking shoe okay so we got another", "by7-L57-33u-00141-00072424-00072816": "blue box this is a part essentially like that undefeated pack right here so they came out with a", "by7-L57-33u-00142-00072816-00073304": "series of different shoes um i think it was a five or six different shoes we had to force it i don't", "by7-L57-33u-00143-00073304-00073656": "remember there was a like i think it was like three forces three dunks or something like that", "by7-L57-33u-00144-00073656-00074168": "but either way this is one of those from the pack added these to the collection as well and uh see", "by7-L57-33u-00145-00074168-00074624": "this was cleansing my homie saw these and he was like bro give me those these need those those are", "by7-L57-33u-00146-00074624-00075288": "fire i think these are fire this is dope i mean for sure but again just gonna need that outfit", "by7-L57-33u-00147-00075376-00076024": "to me you need that perfect outfit when you go out you're gonna people gonna notice the shoe yeah i", "by7-L57-33u-00148-00076024-00076352": "mean it's just gonna be a clean shoe and you just have to have that perfect outfit i wouldn't wear", "by7-L57-33u-00149-00076352-00076776": "these on a regular basis right i just make sure i got that outfit i'm gonna kill them and put them", "by7-L57-33u-00150-00076776-00077232": "back in the box and i'm not gonna wear them again for probably eight months to a year you got that", "by7-L57-33u-00151-00077232-00077728": "that aged midsole the black outsole one thing that i love about sneakers especially is when it has a", "by7-L57-33u-00152-00077728-00078248": "black outsole or a really dark colored outsole because it's when the white sole it gets dirty", "by7-L57-33u-00153-00078248-00078704": "right here when you drive you all know what i'm talking about and then just mess up your", "by7-L57-33u-00154-00078704-00079120": "shoe right there get dirty that's the rice but it's dark like you can drive you don't have to", "by7-L57-33u-00155-00079120-00079664": "take your shoes off you know he got a tesla and everything so he got his car is clean like that", "by7-L57-33u-00156-00079768-00080192": "he don't get his shoes dirty but me i'll get my dirty driving like that just saying", "by7-L57-33u-00157-00080280-00080792": "so hey i appreciate you for the donation again bro you are a real one this is crazy", "by7-L57-33u-00158-00080792-00081208": "i appreciate it bro we're gonna we're gonna put all the funds and proceeds terms of my", "by7-L57-33u-00159-00081208-00081632": "dad's channel and his retirement we're gonna get him popping on youtube so he can retire", "by7-L57-33u-00160-00081632-00082192": "from everything else man i'm trying to retire in a couple years i got two years y'all help me", "by7-L57-33u-00161-00082192-00082728": "get there we gotta get him retired we gotta get to 100k yeah yo no 10k we gotta get to", "by7-L57-33u-00162-00082728-00083128": "100k let's just give him the huddercam look at we got the donations coming here for the pops", "by7-L57-33u-00163-00083344-00083744": "i see you fill up the gas tank he's driving a truck too so you know", "by7-L57-33u-00164-00083952-00084408": "real quick off subject but he's talking about the gas oh man so i spend almost 200", "by7-L57-33u-00165-00084408-00084728": "a week in gas the work trucks be going through it through it", "by7-L57-33u-00166-00084840-00085584": "and he got tested so he don't spend all that he goes i spent eight cents this this week", "by7-L57-33u-00167-00085664-00085992": "oh my god i'm just trying to you know be more efficient you know what i'm saying", "by7-L57-33u-00168-00086072-00086672": "what is this the cyber truck hasn't come out yet that's why man we looked in the the silverado the", "by7-L57-33u-00169-00086672-00087040": "silverado electric truck that was a pretty clean one but that's still a couple more years out too", "by7-L57-33u-00170-00087040-00087400": "yeah i think two thousand twenty one four we can't do the ford even if it's electric", "by7-L57-33u-00171-00087632-00088328": "i don't know if y'all cool with four but yeah nah all right so what uh what'd you rate these out", "by7-L57-33u-00172-00088328-00089040": "of ten i'll give these a nine two nine two i give this nine point two nine also nine nine again it's", "by7-L57-33u-00173-00089040-00089648": "about the it's about the outfit okay and about wearing them that one time and you go out you're", "by7-L57-33u-00174-00089648-00090112": "gonna kill him in this so tell me the outfit i want to hear the outfit well you know me out", "by7-L57-33u-00175-00090544-00091184": "what was that another donation i had on one of those shirts that looked like uh", "by7-L57-33u-00176-00091472-00091952": "i felt like i was feeling good just fresh oh you caught it the sand line shirt", "by7-L57-33u-00177-00091952-00092584": "he said he goes he goes you're not going nowhere with me with that stan line shirt", "by7-L57-33u-00178-00092728-00093328": "we were in l.a he was like you're not doing that i was like get him a shirt give him a shirt", "by7-L57-33u-00179-00093392-00094064": "hey hey get him in we need to access it no we're not doing this oh my god that was so funny yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00180-00094064-00094680": "that was kind of my feelings because i was feeling fresh and he goes you got a stainless shirt on", "by7-L57-33u-00181-00094760-00095200": "he had the baseball team with the v cut with the black snooze with the white in the middle i was", "by7-L57-33u-00182-00095200-00095688": "like bro you got the clean fit with some blood he had black cat fours on mind you he's wearing some", "by7-L57-33u-00183-00095688-00096200": "800 shoes on his feet and he got the sandlot to you i'm like bro we might as well either get you", "by7-L57-33u-00184-00096200-00096856": "some pf flyers or change the shirt because this is not about to work oh my god that really happened", "by7-L57-33u-00185-00097024-00097456": "oh shoot that's funny oh okay so we're gonna heat it up a little bit and i'm gonna show you guys", "by7-L57-33u-00186-00097456-00097880": "some more stuff because we got another stack but we got some pes that came in the mix this month", "by7-L57-33u-00187-00097880-00098256": "so got to show you some pe's i'll show you what i got and how the you know how it all", "by7-L57-33u-00188-00098256-00098840": "went how processed go so first off we got the organ nine right here now see these get 11.", "by7-L57-33u-00189-00098920-00099488": "yeah already they gonna get a 10 they get 11. but go ahead some people are probably like dj", "by7-L57-33u-00190-00099488-00099960": "you already have those and yes but the reason why i say these were added to the collection", "by7-L57-33u-00191-00099960-00100560": "was because i had a pair that wasn't in my size and then i was able to trade straight up trade", "by7-L57-33u-00192-00100560-00100952": "right and i got a pair that's in my size so i had a desktop pair that i traded for a desktop", "by7-L57-33u-00193-00100952-00101480": "here and now i got the shoe on my side so for me that's another great right to the collection", "by7-L57-33u-00194-00101480-00101960": "right now you can wear it yeah yeah so i'm out of 14 but i'm just saying", "by7-L57-33u-00195-00102160-00102768": "no everything's for me sorry guys no but these right here's like i said you can wear these", "by7-L57-33u-00196-00102768-00103335": "multiple times oh yeah with any outfit oh yeah you know and you're gonna look good people still don't", "by7-L57-33u-00197-00103335-00103656": "they're gonna see that so that's why i give them 11 because you get to wear them more often", "by7-L57-33u-00198-00103656-00104080": "right right you know hey you got a shout out for in the comment section he is", "by7-L57-33u-00199-00104080-00104776": "sending his donations same person foreign squadron forward squatter fort squatter fork squatter", "by7-L57-33u-00200-00104776-00105111": "fort squatter this is a small text out here i can barely yeah no i can really say", "by7-L57-33u-00201-00105111-00105776": "hey much love thank you again hey fort squatter hey i appreciate you a lot let's go into the", "by7-L57-33u-00202-00105776-00106280": "retirement photo we're going to put like what we should do is we should put like all the donations", "by7-L57-33u-00203-00106280-00106864": "into like a little portfolio and then and we can add to it and build your retirement instead of", "by7-L57-33u-00204-00106864-00107400": "you getting the money and then putting it that was spin it right gas cap this is a lot of gas buddy", "by7-L57-33u-00205-00107680-00108416": "no we just let it stack for until my retirement okay so anyway we gotta get 11. okay so yeah i", "by7-L57-33u-00206-00108416-00108880": "already told the backstory on those so shall i show the next one or the next piece real quick", "by7-L57-33u-00207-00108880-00109352": "this is one of the best hooping shoes too the nines oh yeah pretty fire this and the 11's the", "by7-L57-33u-00208-00109352-00110096": "teams two feel good even the og-12s the nines tens of the 11 and 12s the sixes are but not really but", "by7-L57-33u-00209-00110096-00110783": "i think nine ten eleven twelve the eights the eights feel good too ah a lot of jordans", "by7-L57-33u-00210-00110856-00111352": "but not the ones no the ones is for looking good yeah i can't hope in the world you will have your", "by7-L57-33u-00211-00111352-00111783": "feet would be totally yeah yeah everything will be down bad these right here y'all need some of these", "by7-L57-33u-00212-00111864-00112200": "okay i'm going to try some the next pe or should we just go into the stack", "by7-L57-33u-00213-00112200-00112911": "again do understand we'll show them pe later okay so i was uh in la this is like a triple", "by7-L57-33u-00214-00112911-00113288": "up for my collection so i already have you see there's a pair over there i got another", "by7-L57-33u-00215-00113288-00113696": "pair another i don't see what the pair is because that box is closed right but", "by7-L57-33u-00216-00113696-00114152": "but yeah basically i was at the store i was like y'all got a 13. they're like yeah so i", "by7-L57-33u-00217-00114152-00114720": "was like retail cop might as well so i gotta go classic there's another level right here", "by7-L57-33u-00218-00114720-00115159": "that's a classic you can't go wrong with these right here so my reasoning behind doubling and", "by7-L57-33u-00219-00115159-00115616": "tripling on sneakers like this is because they're so iconic and again it has a white bottom so if i", "by7-L57-33u-00220-00115616-00116088": "wear these and i mess up a pair i'll have another pair on deck when it starts to yellow or age or", "by7-L57-33u-00221-00116088-00116504": "whatever it does we're getting dirty y'all got these right here you slip and if you don't", "by7-L57-33u-00222-00116504-00116976": "these are fire these are yes so these retro a few times uh retail on these well i want to say either", "by7-L57-33u-00223-00116976-00117488": "190 or 200 bucks i don't remember everything's pretty close to the same these days um", "by7-L57-33u-00224-00117488-00117976": "i remember you having all these days like back when i was a kid and i had the kid versions and", "by7-L57-33u-00225-00117976-00118568": "everything and i have plenty of these yeah but now you know you still got you get my collection", "by7-L57-33u-00226-00118568-00119183": "all this stuff you know my shoe connects sometimes don't be hooking me up all the time this guy", "by7-L57-33u-00227-00119280-00119696": "y'all y'all seen plenty of videos i'll be getting some shoes he'd be like all right so let me see", "by7-L57-33u-00228-00119696-00120328": "what's in the free category all those oh yeah i'll take those hey i'll just say you know if any dads", "by7-L57-33u-00229-00120328-00120840": "out there you know you wish you had a son like this because i'm telling you he's hooking me up", "by7-L57-33u-00230-00120896-00121416": "i'm just telling you anyway i'm just uh you know y'all took care of me with the kick so", "by7-L57-33u-00231-00121416-00121928": "man and it's funny because how it all comes full circle at the same time but i vividly remember", "by7-L57-33u-00232-00121928-00122288": "my freshman year of high school when you said i ain't buying you no more shoes i said i ain't", "by7-L57-33u-00233-00122288-00122664": "buying no more shoes for you you got to buy your own and i bought oh yeah i got my i don't know", "by7-L57-33u-00234-00122664-00123056": "if y'all seen behind me but uh i think he did that that's just a little bit heavy right there", "by7-L57-33u-00235-00123152-00123472": "but i'll never forget that time and then now it's all coming back like right now", "by7-L57-33u-00236-00123472-00123896": "i'm coughing the kicks for you and it's nothing but left hey if my mom's collection is getting", "by7-L57-33u-00237-00123896-00124240": "up there too she's starting to get back into the mix like i remember she used to have all", "by7-L57-33u-00238-00124240-00124559": "the shoes you had she wasn't the same one because i couldn't buy them unless you know", "by7-L57-33u-00239-00124559-00125000": "g brad 11's all that stuff i remember cleaning them when i was a kid like and i could oh yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00240-00125000-00125511": "that's good times good times man so we talking about doubling up tripling up stuff like that", "by7-L57-33u-00241-00125511-00126072": "this one right here is a double up so i guess we can both open this oh we can both open this one", "by7-L57-33u-00242-00126072-00126752": "up real quick and uh basically oh y'all know this i couldn't resist y'all know these are", "by7-L57-33u-00243-00126752-00127583": "sick so the funny thing is i actually thought i bought one pair but i accidentally got two so", "by7-L57-33u-00244-00128808-00129183": "and you know it's actually even funnier because people would be mad they'd be like oh you got", "by7-L57-33u-00245-00129183-00129720": "pears you hit all the time right so this is the funny thing i didn't hit but i was gonna say he", "by7-L57-33u-00246-00129720-00130288": "don't hit all the time y'all my mom be hitting she get up early in the morning and start going on the", "by7-L57-33u-00247-00130288-00130688": "thing trying to win shoes yup and she go and she go to work right after that because she got work", "by7-L57-33u-00248-00130688-00131120": "she said like because that's why originally i was like i always tell people like if you're", "by7-L57-33u-00249-00131120-00131640": "gonna enter for me don't wake up and like ruin your day and everything if you happen to be awake", "by7-L57-33u-00250-00131696-00132080": "and you're going to be up no she sent the alarm clock but now she'd just be like", "by7-L57-33u-00251-00132080-00132496": "i'm ready to go that's like a gamble to her like i'm gonna see if i can win i'll see if i can win", "by7-L57-33u-00252-00132552-00133232": "and she'd be hitting yep yep i don't know i don't i woke up that morning um i", "by7-L57-33u-00253-00133232-00133872": "entered and then i didn't hit and then i also uh woke up because she'd be asleep", "by7-L57-33u-00254-00133944-00134464": "so i just like tap her like hey i take the phone i scan it over her face like this and then", "by7-L57-33u-00255-00135056-00135400": "and then i just take the phone and put it on my side of the day and wait to see if it works", "by7-L57-33u-00256-00135640-00136096": "that's not too much work right you just wake up open your eyes and go back to sleep huh huh", "by7-L57-33u-00257-00136096-00136784": "that's exactly that's how she won my off-white dog my off my uh travis fragment ones like", "by7-L57-33u-00258-00136784-00137208": "fear of god's off-white forces did she technically win or you take no i don't know", "by7-L57-33u-00259-00137320-00137832": "50 retail cops i'll make sure she got kicks too so that's another thing i'll make sure", "by7-L57-33u-00260-00137832-00138200": "everybody's taking but she's lucky because she got a smaller foot yeah so it's easier to find", "by7-L57-33u-00261-00138200-00138816": "her shoes definitely at a 13 it's harder to find right so yeah this is what happened i woke up i", "by7-L57-33u-00262-00138816-00139360": "was like oh man i took a l i i get a text she sent me the screenshot she hit i'm like oh dope", "by7-L57-33u-00263-00139360-00139752": "okay cool i'll go back to sleep i'm like i'll just post it out here later like when i wake up", "by7-L57-33u-00264-00139752-00140288": "because that's typically what i do now and because i will be hitting pretty often now right right so", "by7-L57-33u-00265-00140288-00140776": "uh i was like i'll post when i wake back up and then we go about today i'm like cool i know i got", "by7-L57-33u-00266-00140776-00141152": "a pair coming i gotta leave town they'll be back when i get back there today we'll do it all right", "by7-L57-33u-00267-00141152-00141720": "cool i come back and then alexa send me a screenshot talking about what is this order", "by7-L57-33u-00268-00141720-00142272": "confirm thing like she never saw that she hit right and we didn't know what the shoe was and", "by7-L57-33u-00269-00142272-00142712": "then we just found out and this the second pair just came to the house wow because my account is", "by7-L57-33u-00270-00142712-00143112": "just linked to that one but it's on like it's just an auto pay thing and i just let it run through", "by7-L57-33u-00271-00143112-00143904": "it so i don't really be checking it like that and the life y'all is that so basically basically she", "by7-L57-33u-00272-00143904-00144400": "hits and i'm looking and i'm like this is crazy like i literally got because i really wanted to", "by7-L57-33u-00273-00144400-00144712": "get two pairs of this shoe because i'm like i'm about to rock a pair and i really want to hold", "by7-L57-33u-00274-00144712-00145048": "a pair of ice because i used to have these when i was in high school my pair started to crumble", "by7-L57-33u-00275-00145048-00145488": "and i used to have two pair back then wearing a lot of stuff too so yeah long story short i mean", "by7-L57-33u-00276-00145488-00145912": "we're you know just podcast style we could tell long stories long story short yeah we do whatever", "by7-L57-33u-00277-00145912-00146576": "we want right yeah yeah yeah no we can't you can't wear a sandlot shirt no you can't wear this shirt", "by7-L57-33u-00278-00146776-00147328": "sorry it's a 10. 10 out of 10 because i can i can't i can wear these more often so i get at", "by7-L57-33u-00279-00147328-00147840": "11. it's all it's all reflective 3m upper too so like the whole thing reflects you know where's my", "by7-L57-33u-00280-00147840-00148144": "phone at i don't know if you got your phone yeah but i can take a picture with the flash you'll", "by7-L57-33u-00281-00148144-00148968": "be able to see it but yeah so green beam fives i doubled up i got both for retail and you know i'm", "by7-L57-33u-00282-00148968-00149400": "a happy camper i guess leave one out over there so that way oh yeah we can pull him out for later", "by7-L57-33u-00283-00149472-00150008": "people want to see him um okay so we got a few shoes left i wasn't able to compile everything", "by7-L57-33u-00284-00150200-00150624": "is that what they do with the thing when they when they be uh checking it but it smells different", "by7-L57-33u-00285-00150776-00151200": "what so how do they figure out the smell each one has been having different smells how do they how", "by7-L57-33u-00286-00151200-00151672": "look at when y'all see verification on shoes the first thing they do they always go but look though", "by7-L57-33u-00287-00151672-00152216": "they have different smells but when you smell the one that's fake the glue and everything", "by7-L57-33u-00288-00152216-00152688": "it smells toxic you can smell it when you open up the box like", "by7-L57-33u-00289-00152688-00153168": "it's just a different type of scent like it's sauerkraut in your nostrils", "by7-L57-33u-00290-00153400-00154016": "one time you smell like beef all right so we're gonna we got a few more shoes left i'm gonna", "by7-L57-33u-00291-00154016-00154384": "pull out this next one right here so this one is the oregon state i guess you can pull the", "by7-L57-33u-00292-00154384-00155032": "organizer if you want to again um this is crazy though so these came out like 10 years ago 2010", "by7-L57-33u-00293-00155032-00155480": "i want to say and um it's been a while i don't remember from 2010 2011 or whatever", "by7-L57-33u-00294-00155480-00155848": "but this is the oregon state nine so remember we got oregon ducks oregon beavers", "by7-L57-33u-00295-00155960-00156488": "so oregon obviously gets all the pes and we know that but oregon state at the time when", "by7-L57-33u-00296-00156488-00157048": "they started to get pes this was both one of their kind of first pes but after this", "by7-L57-33u-00297-00157048-00157616": "oregon state didn't get nothing else they didn't win either morgan just kept coming with that five", "by7-L57-33u-00298-00157616-00157960": "so yeah because oregon was going to national championship and it was doing all this right", "by7-L57-33u-00299-00157960-00158536": "so but yeah just winning in baseball uh yeah baseball they was one of them in baseball but", "by7-L57-33u-00300-00158536-00159064": "they don't get shoes like sometimes yeah that not even really for oregon like that either yeah so", "by7-L57-33u-00301-00159064-00159440": "baseball they're just like yeah whatever that's baseball no disrespect to baseball i love her", "by7-L57-33u-00302-00159440-00159872": "hey we like baseball y'all know he was one of the best pitchers out there that's pretty nice just", "by7-L57-33u-00303-00159872-00160272": "let just telling you i wanted to play quarterback i just wanted to it was so crazy because he was", "by7-L57-33u-00304-00160328-00160864": "really good pitcher and he was trying kids out on a regular basis people didn't know", "by7-L57-33u-00305-00160960-00161312": "and then he goes i don't want to play baseball anymore i just wanna", "by7-L57-33u-00306-00161312-00161752": "we had to do one of the dudes i got to tell this one of the dudes from the houston astros", "by7-L57-33u-00307-00161864-00162448": "was flying in and helping him pitch teaching him how to pitch he wanted to help me he was like i", "by7-L57-33u-00308-00162448-00162872": "gotta help you like you are and on his own dime he was coming he wasn't getting paid or nothing like", "by7-L57-33u-00309-00162872-00163448": "that but he was helping dj learn how to pitch and he was pitching yeah that was a good time", "by7-L57-33u-00310-00163448-00163984": "i forgot about it and i was sitting there shook because like you already got somebody right there", "by7-L57-33u-00311-00164200-00164520": "this is crazy and then he's like i don't want to play baseball no more yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00312-00164576-00164864": "but that's the best thing too of all my parents like they support me through all this stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00313-00164920-00165256": "you want to make a change make a change whatever i want to do just got to be happy what you're", "by7-L57-33u-00314-00165256-00165680": "doing yeah you know any parents out there if you if your kids are doing something maybe you", "by7-L57-33u-00315-00165680-00166088": "play football and they want to play basketball don't knock them for one to play basketball right", "by7-L57-33u-00316-00166088-00166560": "long as they passionate about what they're doing let them be passionate don't kill their dreams", "by7-L57-33u-00317-00166560-00167096": "because you did something else and whatever anyway back to shoes living through the hype days yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00318-00167096-00167792": "because it ain't fair to the kids right whatever you know definitely definitely so oregon state", "by7-L57-33u-00319-00167792-00168200": "nine what do you rate these out of ten honestly i'm gonna be i'll give you my honest opinion", "by7-L57-33u-00320-00168200-00168768": "after you give me yours well the thing is is i can wear this with a lot of stuff yeah and it's", "by7-L57-33u-00321-00168768-00169312": "easy to keep this clean because of this material like honestly just that black bottom yeah you can", "by7-L57-33u-00322-00169312-00169880": "wear this shoe a lot but more than the suede ones right yeah but i'll give it 11. okay this is why", "by7-L57-33u-00323-00169880-00170464": "i'm gonna get 11. okay and you're a duck's fan and everything but i'm gonna give it 11. because", "by7-L57-33u-00324-00170600-00171128": "my pants will cover up this orange right here and ain't nobody gonna see that they just gonna", "by7-L57-33u-00325-00171128-00171520": "see the shoe oh yeah you'd be wearing a big uh michael jordan i still i don't wear them", "by7-L57-33u-00326-00171520-00171920": "skinny ass pins in the high waters everybody want them skinny pants with the high waters", "by7-L57-33u-00327-00172144-00172248": "so you got your nuts", "by7-L57-33u-00328-00172488-00172840": "if y'all wearing them skinny pants in the high waters don't do that", "by7-L57-33u-00329-00172840-00173312": "don't do that don't do that we call them knickers for women they'll do that", "by7-L57-33u-00330-00173624-00174232": "anyway anyway so my pants would cover that up this right here i could wear these i could rock", "by7-L57-33u-00331-00174232-00174768": "these you know rock these with multiple outfits so my honest opinion i think these are better", "by7-L57-33u-00332-00174768-00175504": "than the organ nines i like these more um i think like you said universal uh like universal", "by7-L57-33u-00333-00175504-00175936": "would be able to wear multiple things it's a clean colorway uh we don't see too many crazy", "by7-L57-33u-00334-00175992-00176368": "uh colorways like like the doernbecher nine that's your favorite one the little gold and", "by7-L57-33u-00335-00176368-00176768": "the reflective and everything that's your favorite one in my collection i think out of my knives but", "by7-L57-33u-00336-00176768-00177304": "yeah um yeah i think these are better that's nice yeah i don't know they did a really good", "by7-L57-33u-00337-00177304-00177816": "job so oh yeah i forgot to tell the back story on these so i had a pair um i had a size 12", "by7-L57-33u-00338-00177904-00178352": "and i got it for a really good deal way back in the day and i was like man i'm just trying", "by7-L57-33u-00339-00178352-00178704": "to find a size 13 like you know i mean just always looking for a 13. well you got to find", "by7-L57-33u-00340-00178704-00179112": "your size eventually so i'm like but i'm a rock this 12. so i'm like taking it in", "by7-L57-33u-00341-00179216-00179720": "trying to rock it yeah we're into a short event it's like oh three hours like i can do it", "by7-L57-33u-00342-00179720-00180328": "feet hurting toes hurting like i can't do this no more so probably about four years or five", "by7-L57-33u-00343-00180384-00180968": "something like that probably four or five years ago um i was like cleaning out you know i always", "by7-L57-33u-00344-00180968-00181456": "do like my every six months i like go through everything and pick out 20 to 30 shoes that i'm", "by7-L57-33u-00345-00181456-00181816": "like i don't need these no more get rid of them yeah you're the amount spring cleaning spring", "by7-L57-33u-00346-00181816-00182408": "cleaning spring cleaning 30 pairs of shoes yeah yeah we've done more we've done this", "by7-L57-33u-00347-00182640-00183096": "so definitely so um yeah i was just kind of going through and i was like", "by7-L57-33u-00348-00183096-00183464": "i i went you always go through phases as a sneaker oh definitely i'm like", "by7-L57-33u-00349-00183520-00183992": "i want these or i want this set or like i'm not keeping nothing that's not my size or like", "by7-L57-33u-00350-00183992-00184352": "if it's too old and i'm gonna fall apart i'm selling it all like you just have to all these", "by7-L57-33u-00351-00184352-00184696": "different phases i've been through all of them over the years yo yo what's happening in the", "by7-L57-33u-00352-00184696-00185232": "comment section we're seeing people pop up um so i'm having these phases over the years hogwriter", "by7-L57-33u-00353-00185352-00185904": "yeah so i'm having these phases over the years cracking me up i know people coming up with", "by7-L57-33u-00354-00185904-00186384": "some crazy stuff right and uh yeah i just kind of went to that time like okay cool let me get rid of", "by7-L57-33u-00355-00186384-00186800": "stuff that i don't need like obviously that's when we was getting into investing into the properties", "by7-L57-33u-00356-00186800-00187360": "and selling stuff and like making the smarter moves and obviously there's been crazy return on", "by7-L57-33u-00357-00187360-00187856": "the money from that same pair of shoes to now with equity and all the stuff so it just made sense", "by7-L57-33u-00358-00187856-00188472": "and it still makes sense to this day to always do those type of things um so i got rid of them and i", "by7-L57-33u-00359-00188472-00189088": "was at blitz and that's where i had sold my pair to them and i was at blitz a couple weeks ago and", "by7-L57-33u-00360-00189088-00189664": "then i was like yo you got a pair you still got my pair they still have my pair in the vault but", "by7-L57-33u-00361-00189664-00190104": "they had a second pair which was this pair and i saw these and i was like what size of those and it", "by7-L57-33u-00362-00190104-00190640": "was a 13 and a half and i was like 13 and a half right so that's even harder to find that's muslim", "by7-L57-33u-00363-00190968-00191120": "but i can take the insole down", "by7-L57-33u-00364-00191384-00191688": "i can take the insole down wear thinner socks right right that part", "by7-L57-33u-00365-00191872-00192352": "so yeah i saw that and i was like dope jordan inside 13 and a half like all like my organ force", "by7-L57-33u-00366-00192352-00192792": "is a 13 and a half as well like i got a couple shoes that are 13 and a half that i'm like oh", "by7-L57-33u-00367-00192792-00193248": "super dope to have that because it's even more rare than getting outside so immediately i was", "by7-L57-33u-00368-00193248-00193656": "like what's up bro i need those and i ended up grabbing them that's how i ended up getting both", "by7-L57-33u-00369-00193656-00194184": "of those actually from blitz was the black and the in the shut out the blitz so i brought the other", "by7-L57-33u-00370-00194184-00194632": "pair up for the trade and then i saw those and i was like i need those too so now i have them back", "by7-L57-33u-00371-00194632-00195192": "in my collection um i had them for i've had them for longer than i did are you going to wear these", "by7-L57-33u-00372-00195192-00195816": "yeah yeah why the wind i don't know we'll find out i'm not saying right now but i'm seeing it i don't", "by7-L57-33u-00373-00195816-00196264": "know i used to wear the other ones yeah so i just got to find the time i literally just got them", "by7-L57-33u-00374-00196264-00196736": "like a week ago so it's i that's what i'm saying this is all the stuff i just got this month yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00375-00196736-00197144": "you know me i got my cycles like i try to stay like two years behind on everybody so that way", "by7-L57-33u-00376-00197144-00197592": "like i'm pulling stuff out there but on some real stuff like people don't really understand like", "by7-L57-33u-00377-00197592-00198192": "he do cop multiple pair but he do be wearing his shoes too they don't we've been some places right", "by7-L57-33u-00378-00198192-00198616": "and people can't believe he wearing some shoes it could be seven thousand ten thousand dollar shoes", "by7-L57-33u-00379-00198744-00199176": "first off i'm still tripping because he wears it but but he wears shoes too it's not just", "by7-L57-33u-00380-00199176-00199536": "sitting up here and they're not wearing them well okay some people think that you never wear your", "by7-L57-33u-00381-00199536-00199920": "shoes there's a common misconception right because i know how to take care of my shoes", "by7-L57-33u-00382-00199920-00200392": "and i love and respect my sneakers which causes them to look nice even if i have worn them i clean", "by7-L57-33u-00383-00200392-00200864": "them i lace them back up and i make them look good because if i had them all looking sloppy laced and", "by7-L57-33u-00384-00200864-00201296": "everything looked like mine's out there but it just wouldn't look good like on the wall like if", "by7-L57-33u-00385-00201296-00201656": "i have this whole display and i want to have this aesthetic like that's just a part of my thing plus", "by7-L57-33u-00386-00201712-00202104": "if i got all this money into something or if it's if i you know bought a shoe for two thousand and", "by7-L57-33u-00387-00202104-00202552": "now it's a eight thousand dollar shoe i should take care of it if i buy a nice house should i", "by7-L57-33u-00388-00202552-00202976": "just go beat it up and tear it up and let them try them fall off the wall and put holes in the", "by7-L57-33u-00389-00202976-00203456": "doors and stuff why would i clean the house and have a service and have somebody come in like", "by7-L57-33u-00390-00203456-00203856": "so for me it's the same thing i don't know so people don't understand that part plus", "by7-L57-33u-00391-00203856-00204336": "i don't have to post all the time when i'm wearing something all the time i think it's", "by7-L57-33u-00392-00204336-00204848": "not i'm not trying to knock anybody but if if somebody has that one people do that and", "by7-L57-33u-00393-00204848-00205423": "then they're like oh i got to show it right i get that like but you know i'll wear some crazy stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00394-00205423-00205728": "but obviously yeah i'm not going to go to the grocery store in some 12 000 shoe for", "by7-L57-33u-00395-00205728-00206223": "no reason to flex on the attendant that's helping me ring up my my lettuce and my", "by7-L57-33u-00396-00206336-00206871": "like just doesn't make sense so i'll find my right time i rock my kicks when i want to i'm on my pace", "by7-L57-33u-00397-00206871-00207208": "it's my money and everybody think i'm supposed to wear it when they want me to wear it oh you", "by7-L57-33u-00398-00207208-00207696": "should yeah how about no if i mean if they bought it for me and they told me like wear it for this", "by7-L57-33u-00399-00207696-00208271": "and do that great yeah no problem like yeah when brands sent me i don't know when shoes the was", "by7-L57-33u-00400-00208271-00208880": "it the weight weights oh yeah the i think it was oh yeah yeah he didn't have a pair it was uh cj", "by7-L57-33u-00401-00208880-00209432": "mccollum's favorite c.j mccullar did y'all i don't know if there's a video on that nah so anyway you", "by7-L57-33u-00402-00209432-00209952": "gave me a column he did a thing he got the shoes from them i'm telling a little bit from the brand", "by7-L57-33u-00403-00209952-00210519": "he got him from the brand and he wore him to the event for his event for that shoe driver yeah for", "by7-L57-33u-00404-00210519-00210984": "his shoe drop and everybody was tripping because dj walked in with the shoes on and nobody could", "by7-L57-33u-00405-00210984-00211584": "get him and nobody else even had him even cj was going i don't even have them for my size yet right", "by7-L57-33u-00406-00211648-00212064": "so anyway that that's flexing right there but see that's the thing that's prime example right", "by7-L57-33u-00407-00212064-00212592": "there you hear what you say that's flexing right there and to me i'm like no i'm in my environment", "by7-L57-33u-00408-00212592-00213056": "doing what i love to do compared to people on the internet oh you always trying to flex you always", "by7-L57-33u-00409-00213056-00213544": "trying to do this and i'm like it's i don't care right you know like i don't know he rocked him", "by7-L57-33u-00410-00213608-00214232": "it was good i'm like they don't realize well no they realize what just happened when he walked", "by7-L57-33u-00411-00214232-00214616": "in there because people were tripping like we hear about this shoe so prime example remember", "by7-L57-33u-00412-00214616-00214967": "we used to camp out for kicks back in the day yes and remember i used to have all the og's", "by7-L57-33u-00413-00214967-00215471": "and stuff so the new car mines come out the new conchords come out the new this what am i doing", "by7-L57-33u-00414-00215471-00216023": "i'm wearing the old release to the drop camping in line with the old pair on right because for me", "by7-L57-33u-00415-00216080-00216608": "i think it's in my i'm not trying to flex but i'm just in my head it's dope to go and find that old", "by7-L57-33u-00416-00216608-00217144": "sneaker wear it to the drop buy the new retro and then be able to have the fresh pair you know so", "by7-L57-33u-00417-00217144-00217504": "right i like that whole part and then other people was like oh you're trying to flex and i'm like", "by7-L57-33u-00418-00217576-00217928": "i don't care i just that's my understanding that's where the thing like if you're going to", "by7-L57-33u-00419-00217928-00218392": "certain things you wear this to go to that right i mean it's it's fitting yeah so i don't know", "by7-L57-33u-00420-00218448-00218823": "you know everybody likes to perceive things in their own ways and i completely understand that", "by7-L57-33u-00421-00218823-00219056": "but hopefully people understand last thing about this is", "by7-L57-33u-00422-00219176-00219744": "he's not a person to get hung up on what people say negative on the internet they just get blocked", "by7-L57-33u-00423-00219848-00220296": "some people yeah they'll get blocked but what i'm saying to go back and forth and back and forth", "by7-L57-33u-00424-00220296-00220712": "i've seen people get on the internet and somebody say something negative and now they're going back", "by7-L57-33u-00425-00220712-00221096": "and forth and back it was like this whole thread yeah with somebody you don't even know right", "by7-L57-33u-00426-00221096-00221528": "and then it's like how many seconds did that take every single time you reply to read it comprehend", "by7-L57-33u-00427-00221528-00221928": "it bring it in and then write it down go back go back and forth like stupid and if you value your", "by7-L57-33u-00428-00221928-00222440": "time in your life so much then why would you be so worried about somebody who is usually putting", "by7-L57-33u-00429-00222440-00222784": "something like like the thing we do on tick tock right everybody's like oh you don't got", "by7-L57-33u-00430-00222784-00223248": "this you don't got that right and typically it's a sneaker that they want right and i'm like yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00431-00223248-00223623": "i got that shoe that's dope like i'm sharing my love for sneakers i'm not flexing on the", "by7-L57-33u-00432-00223623-00224023": "person i'm like if you want to see it and it's the shoe that you want to me i'm like it's inspiring", "by7-L57-33u-00433-00224023-00224384": "to see another sneaker head with it to then cause you to be like hey i really really want to go", "by7-L57-33u-00434-00224471-00224832": "yeah yeah so that's how i look at it but obviously everybody's going to perceive things in their own", "by7-L57-33u-00435-00224832-00225200": "ways if they have some negative energy on themselves so then they're going to cast it", "by7-L57-33u-00436-00225200-00225656": "on everybody else and i just say y'all whoever it is out there if y'all hearing me don't don't get", "by7-L57-33u-00437-00225656-00226128": "hung up on the negative love your stuff love your shoes love your things that you're doing", "by7-L57-33u-00438-00226200-00226784": "and just block out all the other noise one pair two pair 20 pair 100 pair a thousand pair with", "by7-L57-33u-00439-00226784-00227256": "however many pairs you got we're all sneaker heads but what we said two in the past is you all have", "by7-L57-33u-00440-00227256-00227752": "to understand like everybody had to start and when you say you got two in a row you have to have one", "by7-L57-33u-00441-00227752-00228288": "in a row before you get to two in a row so you don't you don't create a row until you get the one", "by7-L57-33u-00442-00228288-00228840": "in the row so you have to start somewhere and you have to believe that you can get to 10 in a row", "by7-L57-33u-00443-00228919-00229352": "and not sitting worried about well he got eight in a row and i only got one who cares he started with", "by7-L57-33u-00444-00229352-00229912": "one in a row two and then there's so many other factors of like you know everybody's cop out oh so", "by7-L57-33u-00445-00229912-00230432": "as those parents got it for him oh this or that i'm like i'm buying my parents shoes right now", "by7-L57-33u-00446-00230432-00230808": "and they talk about i got them from them like what like but it's hard work too yeah it's not", "by7-L57-33u-00447-00230871-00231360": "the [__] excuse me stuff the stuff just don't show up on the internet and just show", "by7-L57-33u-00448-00231360-00231696": "up to the house you got to put in the mirrors and you got to put in the work you got to put", "by7-L57-33u-00449-00231696-00232200": "in relationships you got to put in stuff to be in the know i've been in the game for over 15 years", "by7-L57-33u-00450-00232200-00232608": "like i didn't put my time in and i still put my time in right i don't think i'm at the top", "by7-L57-33u-00451-00232608-00233112": "or whatever but obviously i'm chasing no he's gonna be great but i didn't done some things", "by7-L57-33u-00452-00233112-00233832": "yeah the internet don't know about but no he's been at the top for me for a long time but he's", "by7-L57-33u-00453-00233832-00234423": "down low and not telling a lot of people his action and what he really do and how he get", "by7-L57-33u-00454-00234423-00234816": "everything and how many people know him and all the other stuff because i go places all the time", "by7-L57-33u-00455-00234816-00235480": "and they're like i'm like calm down like so i'll just tried like you said you taught me a long", "by7-L57-33u-00456-00235480-00235856": "time ago right it's like it's your name and all the things that you can do building your brand", "by7-L57-33u-00457-00235856-00236376": "and we talked about that when i first started my other businesses and wait many years ago so it's", "by7-L57-33u-00458-00236376-00236671": "just like continue to build that name continue to build that brand a lot of sneaker heads don't", "by7-L57-33u-00459-00236671-00237280": "realize like it comes all that stuff in you know in time like you got to just continue to work on", "by7-L57-33u-00460-00237280-00237712": "it and continue to just build your brand and y'all out there don't be making bad deals with people", "by7-L57-33u-00461-00237816-00238312": "if you're doing shoe deals make quality shoe deals with people and not be trying to get over", "by7-L57-33u-00462-00238312-00238719": "on people right create your brand create your name because you're naming everything and if", "by7-L57-33u-00463-00238719-00239167": "you're doing crazy stuff just trying to get oh i knocked him over to him for this night", "by7-L57-33u-00464-00239167-00239656": "30 dollars and i did that you know it's crazy don't don't do that make good deals with people", "by7-L57-33u-00465-00239656-00240032": "and then they'll they'll bring you more deals they'll bring you more shoes because they know you", "by7-L57-33u-00466-00240032-00240592": "really about that life about spending the money getting a shoe everything else i think i think the", "by7-L57-33u-00467-00240664-00241240": "transparency in the shoe deals has done the greatest thing over time simply because when i", "by7-L57-33u-00468-00241240-00241864": "say hey what did you spend on that shoe like how much are you into it okay cool well this is what", "by7-L57-33u-00469-00241864-00242384": "i'm trying to sell it for so i want to make sure that i'm happy and you're happy right and i'm not", "by7-L57-33u-00470-00242384-00242800": "gonna just be like oh oh let me try to lowball and all this stuff like let's just figure out the deal", "by7-L57-33u-00471-00242800-00243208": "like don't be like oh send the offer do all that back and forth stuff you get two messages if we", "by7-L57-33u-00472-00243208-00243632": "haven't figured out within the two messages i'm not replying no more because it's taking too much", "by7-L57-33u-00473-00243632-00244112": "time right and the time is very valuable it's all we have so for me i'm like if it's not it's all", "by7-L57-33u-00474-00244112-00244519": "that extra back and forth whatever but if we're like what is okay this is what you got it for this", "by7-L57-33u-00475-00244519-00244880": "what you're trying to make this what this is what it's worth like is there any wiggle room for me to", "by7-L57-33u-00476-00244880-00245288": "shake in it if not cool go sell it to somebody else completely fine but if so and i can get a", "by7-L57-33u-00477-00245288-00245704": "good deal and you're still happy let's make the deal let's make it shake yeah but we got to get", "by7-L57-33u-00478-00245704-00246104": "to the next show we're talking about some other stuff now um i know we kind of get off subject", "by7-L57-33u-00479-00246208-00246823": "i'm always life lesson too yeah but go ahead um so we got it's adobe two shoes left um", "by7-L57-33u-00480-00246880-00247216": "and we'll get out of here i hope you guys are enjoying this spam up the comment section right", "by7-L57-33u-00481-00247216-00247544": "now what should we tell everybody to say in the comment section so they can say these names in", "by7-L57-33u-00482-00247544-00247912": "here i don't know tell everybody this what should i say in the conversation right now", "by7-L57-33u-00483-00247912-00248400": "before we get into the last two shoes we got a banger for y'all too in the comment section say", "by7-L57-33u-00484-00248623-00249776": "i don't know take your time uh oh okay i know what we say what uh no because i'll be corny with stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00485-00249904-00250240": "just tell them to say something in the comment section subscribe", "by7-L57-33u-00486-00250319-00250936": "no tonight's gonna be 69 all night long okay that's what we're gonna say 69 all night long", "by7-L57-33u-00487-00250936-00251360": "yeah that's right that's the comment let's see how many people say that in the comments 69", "by7-L57-33u-00488-00251360-00252144": "on the dialogue but not with me and him that's his number if y'all didn't know we're going different", "by7-L57-33u-00489-00252144-00252544": "places after this live stream is over that's his number if y'all didn't know that's the number", "by7-L57-33u-00490-00252784-00253000": "there you go i see you i'll see you", "by7-L57-33u-00491-00253360-00253800": "oh this is just great all right so yeah let's just let them keep rolling in", "by7-L57-33u-00492-00253960-00254384": "all right so we got this one and then we have one more shoe after this one this is the oregon", "by7-L57-33u-00493-00254384-00254984": "14. same situation i had these a long time ago didn't have them in my size got rid of them it's", "by7-L57-33u-00494-00254984-00255512": "been a while since i haven't had them i saw that untied la had them i'm like bro i gotta get these", "by7-L57-33u-00495-00255512-00255832": "back in my collection you got all the shoes they got all the kids don't need to shop there", "by7-L57-33u-00496-00255896-00256448": "you go in la you need to go there i'm just telling you it's the best spot hey and if you guys do buy", "by7-L57-33u-00497-00256448-00256960": "something from untied la or untied.la go to their website and use the discount code dna", "by7-L57-33u-00498-00256960-00257319": "show and that'll get you free shipping as well if you want to order something off of there that way", "by7-L57-33u-00499-00257319-00257760": "you can save a couple bucks and give you guys a good deal that uh dna show code is going to", "by7-L57-33u-00500-00257760-00258176": "be always active on there if you guys ever want to shop on a tight la i'll try to link them down", "by7-L57-33u-00501-00258176-00258592": "below in the description after this video as well they got the shoes though for what oh yeah they", "by7-L57-33u-00502-00258592-00258984": "don't have shoes yeah but they got a whole wall of yeezys and we don't wear easy yeah but it's", "by7-L57-33u-00503-00258984-00259344": "a little wall though it's only like a few rows so it's good it's good you know what i'm saying", "by7-L57-33u-00504-00259504-00260080": "so oregon 14 maybe for the football team they did different variations with a gray or a green", "by7-L57-33u-00505-00260152-00260800": "rose oh that's a duck yes a duck yeah all over the upper first i thought that was like a rose pattern", "by7-L57-33u-00506-00260800-00261352": "oh you're going like this but yeah that's a duck this is clean clean black bottom easy to wear", "by7-L57-33u-00507-00261352-00262064": "you can wear these with a lot too see what i'm saying you got the green 14 you got the it's a 14.", "by7-L57-33u-00508-00262392-00262984": "so the reason why i got a 14. the reason why i got a 14 is because these run a little small and 14s", "by7-L57-33u-00509-00262984-00263472": "run a little bit different like the jordan 14 runs a little bit tighter at least for me i don't know", "by7-L57-33u-00510-00263472-00264000": "and i'm like a low key at 13 13 and a half right so these actually fit me perfectly so for you", "by7-L57-33u-00511-00264000-00264816": "they buy two yeah they'd probably be too tight for you i'm actually at 13 and a half i'll tell y'all", "by7-L57-33u-00512-00264816-00265328": "no this is clean though yeah i like it they got a white uh leather on the back nice premium leather", "by7-L57-33u-00513-00265328-00265800": "you got the jumpman and the oregon ducks stitched on there yeah you see the sock liner and the", "by7-L57-33u-00514-00265800-00266296": "insole it's all leather with a silver oh in there yeah you can't see it in there i don't know if", "by7-L57-33u-00515-00266296-00266600": "they can see it i'm gonna give them an in-depth review i'm gonna shoot the video and make sure", "by7-L57-33u-00516-00266600-00267208": "everybody has an in-depth review as well um for this one and now before we get to the final thing", "by7-L57-33u-00517-00267328-00267680": "for those that don't know if people are just tuning in right now we got the live stream", "by7-L57-33u-00518-00267680-00268048": "going on we're working on potentially getting a podcast and starting a new channel and doing", "by7-L57-33u-00519-00268048-00268464": "some stuff but we're just gonna start getting active on here and doing some fun things and", "by7-L57-33u-00520-00268464-00268976": "going through sneakers talking kicks doing all that stuff and uh what was the other part oh yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00521-00268976-00269352": "we're going to take all the donations from any of the videos that we do together and we're going", "by7-L57-33u-00522-00269352-00269848": "to put them towards my dad's new retirement fund we're going to call it the youtube retirement fund", "by7-L57-33u-00523-00269848-00270176": "and we're going to get him monetized on youtube i'm going to retire with eight dollars", "by7-L57-33u-00524-00270176-00271024": "how many subscribers you got eight dollars um i don't know i got i got ten thousand you lying", "by7-L57-33u-00525-00271560-00271840": "okay tell the truth now no i got like a thousand", "by7-L57-33u-00526-00272056-00272784": "why it's so sad oh i got like a thousand well i was close it was just one zero 10x that", "by7-L57-33u-00527-00272920-00273352": "oh my god he got like a little over a thousand subscribers so the threshold for youtube to get", "by7-L57-33u-00528-00273352-00273744": "monetized is a thousand subscribers plus four thousand watch hours so we gotta get his watch", "by7-L57-33u-00529-00273744-00274080": "time up on his old videos he needs to post more videos all that different stuff we're", "by7-L57-33u-00530-00274080-00274440": "gonna try to get monetized if anything we could turn that channel into potentially the", "by7-L57-33u-00531-00274440-00274824": "podcast channel i don't know we'll figure something out we'll think of something so", "by7-L57-33u-00532-00274824-00275232": "let's take it to the last and final shoe before we get out of here and i'm gonna show you guys this", "by7-L57-33u-00533-00275232-00275704": "is a 10. that's a 10 out of 10. yes yeah oregon 14. i was happy about that one yeah but one of", "by7-L57-33u-00534-00275704-00276344": "the shoes that i was most happy about this month was the next shoe right here so the next shoe", "by7-L57-33u-00535-00276344-00276648": "is i'll see that right there probably going to be underwhelming for a lot of people but", "by7-L57-33u-00536-00276648-00277368": "i don't really care because i got it for me so i was happy but i used to have the og version came", "by7-L57-33u-00537-00277368-00277912": "out in the early 2000s um i actually had three pairs of the og back in high school used to rocco", "by7-L57-33u-00538-00277912-00278376": "right so i used to have them i used to have like a beat up pair a pretty clean like rocker pair and", "by7-L57-33u-00539-00278376-00278880": "then i had a dead stock pair and because the shoe got so old the midsole started to crumble and then", "by7-L57-33u-00540-00278880-00279224": "it was like you can't wear it it was much smarter to just sell them all because", "by7-L57-33u-00541-00279224-00279568": "the other one's just gonna fall apart too and i got in that situation where i was like", "by7-L57-33u-00542-00279664-00280088": "i hope that they bring this shoe back out again and i got rid of that shoe during", "by7-L57-33u-00543-00280088-00280480": "the same time when i was doing the like about four years ago when i was getting rid of stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00544-00280480-00281016": "that was in that batch as well so it's been about four years removed and the shoe came", "by7-L57-33u-00545-00281016-00282016": "out this year and i was so happy i was so so happy because they uh this is the air jordan 6", "by7-L57-33u-00546-00282160-00282552": "midnight navy but you can wear these with well you know i'm a blue jean kind of guy i wear a", "by7-L57-33u-00547-00282552-00282912": "lot of blue actually here i'll let you this one we could use right here just like we did with", "by7-L57-33u-00548-00282912-00283416": "the green beans i'll do my hair and then you can open that one that way well we can talk about it", "by7-L57-33u-00549-00283416-00284208": "um so i ended up actually doubling up on this shoe and i was like i couldn't resist because i", "by7-L57-33u-00550-00284208-00284736": "tried to get these for retail and i missed out then i was in la i went to nike town and they", "by7-L57-33u-00551-00284736-00285336": "had them sitting on the shelf and i was like yo how are you what you meant is that i need those", "by7-L57-33u-00552-00285336-00285936": "it's weird too we've been almost every place we go we find a shoe store or something ago and a lot of", "by7-L57-33u-00553-00285936-00286440": "times you can find something that people been sleeping on this on the on the shelf and you're", "by7-L57-33u-00554-00286440-00287016": "like how did that sit on the shelf yes so that's one of those finds huh so this is one of those um", "by7-L57-33u-00555-00287016-00287392": "i'm gonna i'm gonna try to see if you guys can see it the lighting is terrible in here i think it's", "by7-L57-33u-00556-00287392-00287848": "not gonna work i don't know but it's so good i'm gonna do a full in-depth review on these as well", "by7-L57-33u-00557-00287848-00288576": "and i was in the store and i'm like yo do you guys have a uh what's i i first i saw i saw", "by7-L57-33u-00558-00288576-00288960": "it on the shelf and i was like what sizes do you guys have and the guy was like i think we", "by7-L57-33u-00559-00288960-00289984": "only have um like 11 or 14 or something like that oh my come on bro wait a minute hold on", "by7-L57-33u-00560-00291296-00291456": "my size in his size", "by7-L57-33u-00561-00291888-00292240": "so i had to save the best for last oh this is the best find", "by7-L57-33u-00562-00292424-00293032": "would you rate these attitude now 15. no this but i'm saying like this is a dope shoot", "by7-L57-33u-00563-00293160-00293728": "i'm surprised trust me i'm surprised i did not know that it was for me and that's dope y'all", "by7-L57-33u-00564-00293728-00294264": "see what i'm talking about that's crazy this is crazy this is a good shoe and i'm gonna rock this", "by7-L57-33u-00565-00294264-00294840": "shoe you know like i said i wear it because it's a blue jean thing i wear my blue jean i can do it", "by7-L57-33u-00566-00294840-00295256": "these shoes are pretty easy to keep clean too even though they white yeah but this right here", "by7-L57-33u-00567-00295256-00295928": "is not so bad so you can still walk i mean you can still drive on there you know hey i'm shook", "by7-L57-33u-00568-00296128-00296560": "so yeah i ended up grabbing both of these for retail um i saw they had a 13 and a 14. so", "by7-L57-33u-00569-00296560-00296848": "i immediately copped i knew i was getting a pair for myself and i was like might as", "by7-L57-33u-00570-00296848-00297240": "well grab a pair for my pops he he's going to like him because he has the maroon sixes", "by7-L57-33u-00571-00297240-00297808": "the carmine slices the infrared sixes the uh slam dunk sixes the spinzike sinks the sixes", "by7-L57-33u-00572-00297808-00298392": "um which other one uh you gotta at least five for sure pairs of sixes but i'm trying", "by7-L57-33u-00573-00298392-00298736": "remember you got a good amount of sixes in your collection right um so we had to add", "by7-L57-33u-00574-00298736-00299184": "these another classic colorway simple color blocking yeah must-have for the collection", "by7-L57-33u-00575-00299280-00299784": "now honestly if they would have had two 13s i would have just not slammed", "by7-L57-33u-00576-00300496-00301064": "okay yeah y'all can leave that 14 there i'll tell him did you haven't done yourself", "by7-L57-33u-00577-00301488-00301800": "so yeah this is the uh last and final pickup you want to go through", "by7-L57-33u-00578-00301800-00302104": "you got to go through all the shoes that we got for this is the best one now all of them", "by7-L57-33u-00579-00302392-00302880": "this is the one right here oh my god let's go through all the shoes and we can round them", "by7-L57-33u-00580-00302880-00303488": "off at the end wrap this video up and then make sure that um we have all the links and the end", "by7-L57-33u-00581-00303488-00303904": "cards and everything i need you guys i'm gonna i'm gonna put his link for the channel", "by7-L57-33u-00582-00303904-00304352": "in the chat again right here just so you guys can make sure you spam up his channel", "by7-L57-33u-00583-00304352-00304936": "and get him uh to ten thousand subscribers we gotta get him to ten thousand subscribers", "by7-L57-33u-00584-00304936-00305384": "and if he lets me be a manager of his channel maybe he would grow but if remember him get", "by7-L57-33u-00585-00305384-00305856": "bigger then i'll let him do that but right now but if i'm a manager you know i need my cut", "by7-L57-33u-00586-00305944-00306536": "hey i'll give him 13 hey i'm mad at that cause i was gonna say ted see you let them", "by7-L57-33u-00587-00306536-00307088": "say the price first okay four work your way up he said two conversations about it", "by7-L57-33u-00588-00307296-00307640": "okay so go through all the shoes i'll let you name all of them if you remember", "by7-L57-33u-00589-00307640-00308208": "no i don't remember the names i'm horrible with names um just pick about up what i'm gonna do", "by7-L57-33u-00590-00308208-00308528": "let's show everybody what we got for this well what i got and then what you got at the", "by7-L57-33u-00591-00308528-00309088": "end this was number one so lebron it just you know you he picked it up but it's not my size", "by7-L57-33u-00592-00309280-00309800": "so i'm gonna do that cool little kick nice i got a full in-depth review dropping of these uh probably", "by7-L57-33u-00593-00309800-00310296": "tomorrow so some off-whites and i still need to shoot this video but i'll get you guys a review", "by7-L57-33u-00594-00310296-00311064": "for these as well off-white lot dunk low uh number six yeah number six out of 50. you know you can't", "by7-L57-33u-00595-00311064-00311592": "go wrong with the steelers goldenrod that's what they call them that's the colorway i forgot that's", "by7-L57-33u-00596-00311592-00312024": "like who comes up with this stuff yeah right golden rod yeah so this is the golden rod sixes", "by7-L57-33u-00597-00312264-00312792": "yeah there's somebody behind a death stand just coming up undefeated yeah this is clean those are", "by7-L57-33u-00598-00312792-00313320": "clean so you know we have some good pickups here's my you know like i said this needs that perfect", "by7-L57-33u-00599-00313320-00313816": "outfit yeah just because of the materials i think on the toe cap like this one too interesting", "by7-L57-33u-00600-00313936-00314424": "undefeated i might trade these i might trade these for some shoes i'm thinking about doing", "by7-L57-33u-00601-00314424-00315232": "it for what i'll show you later don't reveal the secret i can't tell everybody what i'm gonna get", "by7-L57-33u-00602-00315232-00316024": "until i get it so that was that then it was this one organized yeah definitely a nice pickup for", "by7-L57-33u-00603-00316024-00316624": "the month yeah this is clean though i'm gonna read the comments while you go through this stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00604-00316624-00317184": "okay and then the congratulations you played yourself hey he's talking about you", "by7-L57-33u-00605-00317408-00317680": "i'm gonna make a t-shirt 13 you played yourself", "by7-L57-33u-00606-00317784-00318112": "oh man that just really happened too can we go back and edit", "by7-L57-33u-00607-00318352-00318824": "all right here we go and then here oh no we went to here he said you came a long way from", "by7-L57-33u-00608-00318824-00319424": "your dad firing you and i'm subscribed to his page yeah that's a whole nother video", "by7-L57-33u-00609-00319424-00319728": "we'll talk about you know talking about it on his channel if you guys want to see that", "by7-L57-33u-00610-00319728-00320192": "story go to his channel it's on there somewhere y'all know the history good times good times", "by7-L57-33u-00611-00320312-00320976": "you already went over this one here we go fired on my day off fired on my death why they do that", "by7-L57-33u-00612-00320976-00321776": "at on friday and in in portland oh wait we'll go here well i didn't know him in an order", "by7-L57-33u-00613-00321776-00322440": "sorry about that josh but you know what though hey out of all these shoes though this is the best one", "by7-L57-33u-00614-00322768-00323584": "oh yeah you like those for some reason they came up in my size so i just gotta tell you", "by7-L57-33u-00615-00323680-00324088": "this is dope though now you you did some solid pickups yeah i had some really", "by7-L57-33u-00616-00324088-00324416": "good solid pickups i think uh and i had picked up a few other shoes i think i", "by7-L57-33u-00617-00324416-00324776": "probably got like four other shoes but i just got stuff all over the place", "by7-L57-33u-00618-00324952-00325312": "but everybody saw the reviews on the channel they've seen most of the other stuff so yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00619-00325312-00325768": "he got he got a couple extra pair so uh what are we gonna do to sign out and get out of", "by7-L57-33u-00620-00325768-00326304": "here we've been on for about an hour and hey did they say what i have to say what 699 long enough", "by7-L57-33u-00621-00326552-00326880": "they said lebron or jordan man that's a whole nother video right there we're going to do a", "by7-L57-33u-00622-00326880-00327368": "full another stream for that one hey but i'll have to tell y'all to look well that y'all heard", "by7-L57-33u-00623-00327368-00327976": "this story before but uh back when i used to play basketball my son was dressed head to toe", "by7-L57-33u-00624-00327976-00328392": "and all jordan gear yeah all jordan gear definitely", "by7-L57-33u-00625-00328392-00328840": "and the the lady at the store goes who's your favorite basketball player he goes my dad", "by7-L57-33u-00626-00329048-00329504": "so hey i was happy about that hey there you go i used to dunk on fools and everything i wish", "by7-L57-33u-00627-00329560-00330088": "y'all were in the era of us about like having phones and recording and stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00628-00330088-00330424": "yeah but we could tell all those stories on the market and your mom said that this morning", "by7-L57-33u-00629-00330424-00331256": "because he has some of the most bounce i used to dunk on camera in the northwest for sure and", "by7-L57-33u-00630-00331256-00331800": "and i like to like block people when they try to dunk on i could block him like it wasn't nothing", "by7-L57-33u-00631-00331800-00332184": "he would be like in those dunk contests you would see in the city and like doing all this stuff like", "by7-L57-33u-00632-00332256-00332816": "yeah he had bounces back in the day like he had bounced yeah it was pretty nice we'll talk about", "by7-L57-33u-00633-00332816-00333144": "that later with the whole nba tryouts and all the other stuff like but that's some real stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00634-00333200-00333800": "so anyway uh what we say 69 all night long i see it he's got another one coming in", "by7-L57-33u-00635-00333952-00334552": "anyway that's his number though which one 69 oh yeah oh six or nine yeah either way yeah", "by7-L57-33u-00636-00334552-00334952": "or not upside down figure it out we'll figure it out see that it got almost the same thing", "by7-L57-33u-00637-00334952-00335560": "what is that on your shirt it's a yin yang thing that's a 69 oh i guess how do", "by7-L57-33u-00638-00335560-00336016": "you see things right how we all perceive things differently right anyway this top shoe of pickups", "by7-L57-33u-00639-00336488-00336896": "hey thanks for everybody watching and tuning in to the youtube channel please subscribe to my", "by7-L57-33u-00640-00336896-00337368": "channel he put the link in the bottom somewhere okay again and if y'all made it to the end of the", "by7-L57-33u-00641-00337368-00337856": "video i really appreciate y'all for not turning us off and you know we get crazy at times some stuff", "by7-L57-33u-00642-00337856-00338520": "gets serious and i appreciate y'all for you know letting me be on here yep yep so we got uh we got", "by7-L57-33u-00643-00338520-00338928": "more episodes coming we'll schedule them out so you guys know what's coming this one was just like", "by7-L57-33u-00644-00338928-00339416": "we tried to do it before but we was like tomorrow we're just going to make a video so it's always", "by7-L57-33u-00645-00339416-00339840": "something coming up yeah today's the day we're making a video and we're going to make it happen", "by7-L57-33u-00646-00339840-00340264": "so we're going to try to schedule it out that way you guys got more cadence in it and everything but", "by7-L57-33u-00647-00340264-00340712": "as of now the goal is to do at least once a month um on the channel on my channel", "by7-L57-33u-00648-00340712-00341024": "and then we'll start figuring out the whole podcast thing finding the setup getting the", "by7-L57-33u-00649-00341024-00341496": "right mics and everything how was the audio for you guys as well i just bought these mics um", "by7-L57-33u-00650-00341496-00341816": "and i don't know how hopefully it works hopefully they worked right yeah we didn't even say", "by7-L57-33u-00651-00341960-00342368": "i'm pretty sure they could hear us i'm pretty sure they got it all so uh any constructive", "by7-L57-33u-00652-00342424-00342872": "feedback or what you guys would like to see topics for videos different things like that with us", "by7-L57-33u-00653-00342872-00343296": "doing stuff together let me know down below in the comment section uh make sure you guys comment and", "by7-L57-33u-00654-00343296-00343752": "subscribe to his channel i'm pretty sure we said all the things kind of over again and i think that", "by7-L57-33u-00655-00343752-00344232": "should be good right let's see it all right so i'm gonna figure out how to sign out i need everybody", "by7-L57-33u-00656-00344232-00344816": "to say deuces in the comments section and once i see at least 10 deuces in the comment section", "by7-L57-33u-00657-00344816-00345216": "then i'm going to sign out because i want to see y'all turn it up real quick for me one time i", "by7-L57-33u-00658-00345216-00345712": "know there's a little lag on here as well they work well you need more lighting though yeah no", "by7-L57-33u-00659-00345712-00346096": "also we have hats on you see look at the dude and i'm so dark yeah you see what i'm saying so", "by7-L57-33u-00660-00346096-00346552": "it's not really that it's just uh again last minute plus we're wearing hats and different", "by7-L57-33u-00661-00346552-00346984": "stuff like that so if we turned our hat backward it would look a lot different in the video", "by7-L57-33u-00662-00346984-00347408": "um i appreciate the comment though definitely because we were talking about that earlier too", "by7-L57-33u-00663-00347408-00347656": "deuces deuces look at all the juices coming through all right that means", "by7-L57-33u-00664-00347656-00348256": "we're supposed to get off yeah i know they want us out of here i'll see y'all later"}}, {"audio_id": "byF3xVh1kak", "text": {"byF3xVh1kak-00000-00000400-00001320": "Find the x and y-intercepts of the equation -2x+7y =42", "byF3xVh1kak-00001-00001320-00002280": "The only trick to understanding this is to realize the x-intercept(s) is when the curve crosses the x-axis", "byF3xVh1kak-00002-00002280-00002769": "In other-words, when y = 0", "byF3xVh1kak-00003-00002769-00003520": "The y-intercepts are of course when the curve crosses the y-axis, when x = 0", "byF3xVh1kak-00004-00003520-00004700": "First, I'm going to find the value of x when y = 0 plug in zero for y into the equation", "byF3xVh1kak-00005-00004921-00005598": "and solve for x -2x = 24", "byF3xVh1kak-00006-00005598-00005930": "divide by -2", "byF3xVh1kak-00007-00005930-00006260": "x=-21", "byF3xVh1kak-00008-00006260-00007109": "the point, the intercept, is (-21,0)", "byF3xVh1kak-00009-00007109-00007847": "The y-intercepts is when x=0", "byF3xVh1kak-00010-00007847-00008930": "in the original equation, plug in zero for x and then solve for y", "byF3xVh1kak-00011-00008930-00009897": "7y = 42 divide by 7", "byF3xVh1kak-00012-00009897-00010260": "y=6", "byF3xVh1kak-00013-00010260-00011009": "the y-intercept is when x = 0 so the pointis (0,6)"}}, {"audio_id": "byblfBbZsQE", "text": {"byblfBbZsQE-00000-00000000-00000654": "Hello my name is Dan Quintana and I'm very excited to be walking you through my new R package which", "byblfBbZsQE-00001-00000654-00001206": "is the Metameta R package which helps you evaluate the credibility of studies included", "byblfBbZsQE-00002-00001206-00001746": "within a meta-analysis . There are a number of ways you can do this for one such way that you can do", "byblfBbZsQE-00003-00001746-00002466": "this is by looking at the statistical power of these studies and it's something which is possible", "byblfBbZsQE-00004-00002466-00002928": "if you were to look at all these individual studies but that's very time consuming. But", "byblfBbZsQE-00005-00002928-00003497": "within this package I can show you how you can do this by using information which is commonly", "byblfBbZsQE-00006-00003497-00004092": "reported in publish meta-analyses and it's also possible to include this in your workflow for", "byblfBbZsQE-00007-00004092-00004776": "novel meta-analysis that you may be doing. A really important feature of this particular package is", "byblfBbZsQE-00008-00004776-00005436": "that, it can be very difficult to actually specify what your effect size of interest is. What my", "byblfBbZsQE-00009-00005436-00006000": "effect size of interest is may be different to what someone else's is. So this package calculates", "byblfBbZsQE-00010-00006000-00006672": "statistical power for a range of effect sizes which is very important for interpretation. So", "byblfBbZsQE-00011-00006672-00007350": "instead of defining it for a single true effect size which for instance instead of defining it for", "byblfBbZsQE-00012-00007350-00007920": "the summary effect size from meta-analysis, this actually calculates statistical power assuming", "byblfBbZsQE-00013-00007920-00008796": "a range of effect sizes as well. And the way that  this particular package is structured is, you", "byblfBbZsQE-00014-00008796-00009480": "can import either effect sizes and standard errors to use one of the data analysis functions or you", "byblfBbZsQE-00015-00009480-00010062": "can use effect sizes and confidence intervals as well. And then using either of these two approaches", "byblfBbZsQE-00016-00010062-00010554": "this will give you data output and it'll show you power for a range of effect sizes and you", "byblfBbZsQE-00017-00010554-00011322": "can also visualize these results as well. So let's jump straight on in. And this package it", "byblfBbZsQE-00018-00011322-00011982": "is on GitHub so if you don't have the dev tools package installed, we also install that and then", "byblfBbZsQE-00019-00011982-00012540": "following these commands here you'll be able to download the package from GitHub. So let's load the", "byblfBbZsQE-00020-00012540-00012978": "library and let's load metafor as well. And the first thing we're going to do is we're going to", "byblfBbZsQE-00021-00012978-00013776": "look at our first example data set. In order to use the this this first function, your data will have", "byblfBbZsQE-00022-00013776-00014310": "to be structured and include at least these two variables using these specific variable names.", "byblfBbZsQE-00023-00014310-00015036": "\"yi\" for effect size and \"sei\" for standard error. So here we have 9 studies that we're looking at", "byblfBbZsQE-00024-00015036-00015576": "here and this was extracted from this particular meta-analysis so these figures are exactly from", "byblfBbZsQE-00025-00015576-00016206": "this meta-analysis which report a measure effect size and the measure of standard error. And again", "byblfBbZsQE-00026-00016206-00016758": "this is something which is commonly reported in most meta-analyses ,so we have our data set here", "byblfBbZsQE-00027-00016758-00017550": "and then from here with our mapower_se  function, there are 3  arguments", "byblfBbZsQE-00028-00017550-00018114": "that need to be specified. Firstly the data set, secondly the observed effect size. For", "byblfBbZsQE-00029-00018114-00018882": "this particular meta-analysis, the observed effect size was 0.178 and like I said you, it's this", "byblfBbZsQE-00030-00018882-00019350": "particular package can calculate power for a range of effect sizes but quite often people", "byblfBbZsQE-00031-00019350-00020010": "are interested in what is the power assuming the summary effects was from the meta-analysis is the", "byblfBbZsQE-00032-00020010-00020586": "true effect size. Now I understand this is quite an ambitious assumption of many research fields given", "byblfBbZsQE-00033-00020586-00021120": "that the summary effect size is often inflated due to a number of reasons but that's for a different", "byblfBbZsQE-00034-00021120-00021834": "presentation. However people are still interested in this regardless and it can at least act as a", "byblfBbZsQE-00035-00021834-00022290": "starting point for the sort of effect size is that you wouldn't be interested in. And third argument", "byblfBbZsQE-00036-00022290-00023004": "is the name of the meta-analysis, so let's run this and let's have a look at power for a range", "byblfBbZsQE-00037-00023004-00023712": "of effect sizes using these commands here, what comes out and we can see the data that we inputted", "byblfBbZsQE-00038-00023712-00024378": "and we can see power for a range of effect sizes from 0.1 all the way to one and importantly we", "byblfBbZsQE-00039-00024378-00025200": "also have our observed effect size. In this example 0.178, so looking at this we can see that even when", "byblfBbZsQE-00040-00025200-00026010": "effect size start getting quite large 0.4, .5, .6,  power is still quite low for all these studies", "byblfBbZsQE-00041-00026010-00026639": "here. So this is looking at all these individual studies here, only when we begin to assume that", "byblfBbZsQE-00042-00026639-00027318": "effect sizes,  the true effect size is around 0.8,  do some of the studies begin to get close to", "byblfBbZsQE-00043-00027383-00027852": "to having at least 80%  power. Now I understand there are you may have different", "byblfBbZsQE-00044-00027852-00028554": "thresholds for what you would assume to be a sufficient statistical power but at least in", "byblfBbZsQE-00045-00028554-00029172": "this presentation I'm going to assume I'm 80%  for the purposes of this presentation. The other thing", "byblfBbZsQE-00046-00029172-00029760": "that we can do is we can easily calculate the median power for a range of effect sizes here,", "byblfBbZsQE-00047-00029760-00030444": "so this provides a summary number that can be used for these bodies these bodies of studies. So here", "byblfBbZsQE-00048-00030504-00031062": "we can extract the median and we can look at the median and again we have the median power for", "byblfBbZsQE-00049-00031062-00031577": "these for these 9 studies ,is it nine yes for these  9 studies for a range of effects, all the", "byblfBbZsQE-00050-00031577-00032214": "way from point one to one and we also have our power assuming that the observed effect size is", "byblfBbZsQE-00051-00032214-00032748": "the true effect size. So again we can see that only once effect sizes started getting around 0.8 to", "byblfBbZsQE-00052-00032748-00033570": "0.9, do we start to see Power around 80 %?So for this for this body of of research that was", "byblfBbZsQE-00053-00033570-00034194": "included with within this meta-analysis, if you're satisfied that effect sizes of around 0.8 to 0.9", "byblfBbZsQE-00054-00034194-00034668": "to 1 are sufficient, then things are looking pretty good but if not if you were to think", "byblfBbZsQE-00055-00034668-00035304": "that that the true effect sizes are more likely to be quite small then for this body of research the", "byblfBbZsQE-00056-00035304-00036084": "power is very very low. Now let's visualize this using the firepower function. We can create a plus", "byblfBbZsQE-00057-00036366-00037290": "and let's zoom in so we can see this visualization of power for a range of effect sizes. Within this", "byblfBbZsQE-00058-00037290-00037866": "function I've also specified that the label is  using the \"es\" argument, the label Hedges' g.", "byblfBbZsQE-00059-00037866-00038346": "If you don't do this it'll just give a generic effect size label but here because the effect size", "byblfBbZsQE-00060-00038346-00038952": "we're working with this Hedges' g,  you can specify this. So we can see using this median data that", "byblfBbZsQE-00061-00038952-00039636": "only once if only once Hedges' g values get quite high, do we have power hovering around the 80 % mark?", "byblfBbZsQE-00062-00039738-00040542": "Okay let's use a second example and with this second example we have extracted effect sizes and", "byblfBbZsQE-00063-00040542-00041130": "confidence intervals or 95 % confidence intervals.  So this is an example, this is exactly what what", "byblfBbZsQE-00064-00041130-00041634": "we've extracted which is commonly reported in many meta-analyses. Let's have a look", "byblfBbZsQE-00065-00041940-00042072": "at the data.", "byblfBbZsQE-00066-00042510-00043308": "Here, okay so we have our data set here and we have to have the columns structured this", "byblfBbZsQE-00067-00043308-00043770": "way, one column called \"yi\" the effect size,  one column called \"lower\" which is the lower", "byblfBbZsQE-00068-00043770-00044232": "confidence interval and one column called \"upper\" which is the upper confidence interval as well.", "byblfBbZsQE-00069-00044616-00045228": "So we're using this function mapower_ul,  upper lower and we've included", "byblfBbZsQE-00070-00045228-00045822": "our observed effect size of 0.08 and we also named our meta-analysis. So let's run that", "byblfBbZsQE-00071-00045888-00046566": "and let's have a look and again we have our data which is power for a range of effect sizes", "byblfBbZsQE-00072-00046566-00047094": "including our observed effect size. Things here looking at this are looking a little bit better.", "byblfBbZsQE-00073-00047094-00047706": "There's a few studies here that once assuming your effect size of 0.4, we're starting to hit", "byblfBbZsQE-00074-00047706-00048048": "power of around 80% so it's a little bit different performing a little bit better.", "byblfBbZsQE-00075-00048108-00048546": "Let's have a look at the medians and we can see that with the medians here as well.", "byblfBbZsQE-00076-00048546-00049032": "Whereas previously the effect sizes are quite large , here the effect sizes are quite small", "byblfBbZsQE-00077-00049110-00049782": "and you can also a useful feature of this package is you can combine different firepower", "byblfBbZsQE-00078-00049782-00050400": "plots. So here, we're actually combining these two meta-analyses that we've done and we can see that", "byblfBbZsQE-00079-00050400-00050946": "the key to our meta-analysis includes studies which can detect a wide range of effect sizes.", "byblfBbZsQE-00080-00051030-00051612": "As you'll notice here,  by default the range of effect size is from point one to one.", "byblfBbZsQE-00081-00051612-00052128": "I've chosen this range because these are effect sizes which are commonly reported in", "byblfBbZsQE-00082-00052128-00052505": "the literature but of course in some research fields and some different types of effect", "byblfBbZsQE-00083-00052505-00053022": "sizes so if you're dealing with Pearson's R for instance, these ranges are either much larger", "byblfBbZsQE-00084-00053022-00053891": "or much smaller. So there is a way that you can adjust these ranges here, so let's go back and", "byblfBbZsQE-00085-00053970-00054552": "have a look. So you can adjust the effect size, I've actually gone ahead of myself with my script don't", "byblfBbZsQE-00086-00054552-00055241": "you love live recording or recording all in one go,  and we've gone back let's go back to line 34 and", "byblfBbZsQE-00087-00055241-00055986": "we can see and we can specify an argument called \"size\" and if you specify a small,  this will give you", "byblfBbZsQE-00088-00056226-00057324": "a range which is from,  let's zoom in which is from 0.5, 0.05 all the way to 0.5.  So here we", "byblfBbZsQE-00089-00057324-00057779": "can see that the power is quite low for this restricted range of effect sizes here, if this", "byblfBbZsQE-00090-00057779-00058205": "was much larger it would be a different story.  So in some circumstances you may want to look", "byblfBbZsQE-00091-00058205-00058662": "at this restricted range from 0.05 to 0.5. Say if you have a different type of effect", "byblfBbZsQE-00092-00058662-00059340": "size or if your effect sizes of Interest are relatively small, so by default the size is", "byblfBbZsQE-00093-00059340-00059964": "medium which is  0.1 to 1 but there's also a smaller range which I'm showing here but also", "byblfBbZsQE-00094-00059964-00060366": "a large range if you want to use that as well.  So that's an option that you can use there too.", "byblfBbZsQE-00095-00060617-00061260": "So that is the Metameta package, I hope you have fun meta-analyzing and", "byblfBbZsQE-00096-00061260-00061691": "extracting data from either publishment analyzes or using the Metameta package", "byblfBbZsQE-00097-00061691-00062076": "with novel meta-analyses that you're running yourself. Enjoy"}}, {"audio_id": "bycagjaCzsI", "text": {"bycagjaCzsI-00000-00000009-00000302": "Welcome to the Twiplomacy Minute.", "bycagjaCzsI-00001-00000302-00000683": "This is the new face of diplomacy.", "bycagjaCzsI-00002-00000683-00001359": "Over the past four months COVID-19 has thoroughly upended diplomacy, a profession which involves", "bycagjaCzsI-00003-00001359-00002016": "a fair amount of travel, physical meetings and in-person interactions.", "bycagjaCzsI-00004-00002016-00002257": "No more handshakes, hugs or accolades.", "bycagjaCzsI-00005-00002257-00002872": "No more in-person meetings, bilateral summits or multi-lateral gatherings.", "bycagjaCzsI-00006-00002872-00003722": "Overnight world leaders and diplomats had to adapt to working from home and were thrust into virtual meetings.", "bycagjaCzsI-00007-00003723-00004444": "The coronavirus has been a key catalyst for the digitalization of diplomacy.", "bycagjaCzsI-00008-00004446-00004971": "Despite the timid resumption of in-person meetings in some parts of the world,", "bycagjaCzsI-00009-00004971-00005657": "there is little chance that multi-lateral gatherings will come back to normal anytime soon.", "bycagjaCzsI-00010-00005657-00006172": "Already the UN General Assembly in New York and the Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum in Davos", "bycagjaCzsI-00011-00006172-00006890": "have already down-scaled with much of the discussions happening online.", "bycagjaCzsI-00012-00006890-00007792": "The BCW Twiplomacy study 2020 focuses on how world leaders have tweeted the coronavirus", "bycagjaCzsI-00013-00007792-00008657": "pandemic and how Twitter has tried to keep the chatter clean from disinformation.", "bycagjaCzsI-00014-00008657-00009515": "Governments were quick to use Twitter to share critical health information encouraging their citizens", "bycagjaCzsI-00015-00009515-00010371": "to “stay home” and “stay save”.  Enjoy the read, stay alert and wear a mask."}}, {"audio_id": "bz_rkpE85Su", "text": {"bz_rkpE85Su-00000-00000183-00000520": "Celebrating 34 years of public broadcasting.", "bz_rkpE85Su-00001-00000520-00001055": "WOSU TV-34 Columbus and WPBO TV-42 in Portsmouth.", "bz_rkpE85Su-00002-00001055-00001236": "TV-34 is 34!"}}, {"audio_id": "bzIPPsb47Pk", "text": {"bzIPPsb47Pk-00000-00000000-00000917": "(static)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00001-00001001-00001155": "Damn", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00002-00001534-00001655": "Is he from the-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00003-00001655-00001755": "(coughing) The n**** from Shameless", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00004-00001785-00001885": "Yeah that's what I was about to say", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00005-00001885-00002052": "(inaudible)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00006-00002052-00002147": "You guys want a pull?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00007-00002381-00002581": "I got a hard drive at home but it's f***** up still", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00008-00002581-00002681": "but", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00009-00002681-00002869": "your s***s on that too", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00010-00002936-00003036": "I need the cord for it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00011-00003349-00004062": "(Sunrise in Bagan (Prod. Apollo) plays)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00012-00009751-00009905": "(Prizm) This beat's up, still", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00013-00010089-00010189": "What does he want? That boom bap?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00014-00010206-00010372": "TT you want boom bap right now?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00015-00010372-00010468": "(TT) I put that boom bap on", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00016-00010497-00010598": "This is boom bap right now", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00017-00010598-00010698": "(Prizm) This is boom bap", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00018-00010698-00010798": "(Trendi) Boom bap", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00019-00010927-00011027": "(Prizm) Yeah", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00020-00011115-00011336": "Ain't nothing that you heard is gifted", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00021-00011336-00011478": "Listen, shorty", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00022-00011478-00011549": "Whisper", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00023-00011549-00011686": "I ain't get the message", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00024-00011686-00011836": "I think she said somethin' 'bout", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00025-00011836-00012016": "how she wanna fuck me in the -", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00026-00012016-00012157": "make it coming out.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00027-00012157-00012270": "When i'm coming out", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00028-00012270-00012429": "I see something vivid", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00029-00012474-00012691": "Bitches in my visions and they something different", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00030-00012758-00013000": "Voices in my head when they say words", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00031-00013046-00013296": "I was trynna see what my day -", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00032-00013325-00013571": "My day, Earl Sweatshirt like I'm Earl", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00033-00013617-00013738": "Red pearls", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00034-00013738-00013834": "Living off my wrist though", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00035-00013859-00014005": "Money so providential", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00036-00014005-00014109": "I got bands like it's lyrical", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00037-00014193-00014293": "Pull up, in spiritual", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00038-00014305-00014406": "New b****, it's a miracle", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00039-00014439-00014685": "Meet a unicorn, or she's a fairy b****", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00040-00014685-00014835": "I don't care what you hearing b****", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00041-00014835-00014931": "Choppa on me I’m-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00042-00015002-00015031": "(ayy)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00043-00015031-00015119": "Turn it-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00044-00015173-00015273": "Hearing shit-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00045-00015327-00015427": "All Around", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00046-00015448-00015548": "Trendi in this b****", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00047-00015603-00015703": "(Trendi) I'm in this bitch", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00048-00015753-00015849": "and I’m in my clique", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00049-00015849-00015978": "and I’m with my clique", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00050-00016003-00016153": "Don't forget your b**** (true)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00051-00016153-00016216": "I might stash her", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00052-00016216-00016378": "I might rob her then I hit the lick (true)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00053-00016378-00016595": "I might call it the lick", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00054-00016595-00016729": "and might get a tip, hey", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00055-00016729-00016987": "She on my pole, stripper dance I said it twice", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00056-00016987-00017246": "I got two b****** then I roll the dice", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00057-00017246-00017534": "I landed sixes, one, two, three and four,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00058-00017534-00017701": "I got so many broads,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00059-00017721-00017821": "I-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00060-00018013-00018059": "(Prizm) That's it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00061-00018059-00018239": "That's it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00062-00018239-00018334": "That's all the bars you're gonna get", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00063-00018334-00018401": "(FK) Two bars", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00064-00019640-00019740": "(TT) I'm Terrel", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00065-00019773-00019978": "people call me TT,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00066-00019978-00020128": "NasT, my producer name", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00067-00020266-00020349": "(Trendi) Yes sir,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00068-00020349-00020445": "I mean since I said yes sir,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00069-00020528-00020628": "You know me already,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00070-00020628-00020741": "Trendi-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00071-00020875-00020975": "(laughs)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00072-00021016-00021116": "You know like everyday day", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00073-00021187-00021413": "All Around collective, you know", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00074-00021429-00021554": "Artist, what can you say?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00075-00021554-00021667": "(Prizm) Big Trendi the Menace", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00076-00021667-00021859": "This is Trendi the Menace, ok", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00077-00021859-00021959": "Trendi vs. the World", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00078-00021992-00022092": "I don't know why he's-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00079-00022142-00022243": "Respect him", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00080-00022268-00022318": "Respect him", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00081-00022318-00022364": "(Trendi) They don't,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00082-00022380-00022626": "they should, they should though", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00083-00022660-00022760": "(Prizm) Talijah Buckets", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00084-00022776-00022831": "(TJ) Big,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00085-00022877-00022939": "(Prizm) Big", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00086-00022981-00023077": "(TJ) What's up man,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00087-00023077-00023160": "TJ Buckets", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00088-00023160-00023248": "(Prizm) Urban legend", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00089-00023248-00023348": "(TJ) You already know man", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00090-00023519-00023606": "(Trendi) Urban Uncle", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00091-00023656-00023723": "(TJ) Urban Uncle man", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00092-00023723-00024144": "(Prizm) Uncle Teej, TJ legend of the streets", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00093-00024144-00024445": "The eyes and ears of the streets", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00094-00024445-00024541": "Don't trip", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00095-00024728-00024837": "(J+Noir) J+Noir", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00096-00024837-00024933": "(Prizm) Black", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00097-00024933-00025033": "(J+Noir) All black, all the time", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00098-00025033-00025237": "(snaps)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00099-00025237-00025458": "(Prizm & TT) These days", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00100-00025487-00025617": "Artist, producer, what can I say-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00101-00025617-00025767": "(Prizm) Don't say too much Jacob", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00102-00025767-00025821": "Don't.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00103-00025821-00025950": "(J+Noir) I can't say too much", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00104-00025950-00026226": "(Prizm) He can't say too much, he's a special one", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00105-00026226-00026284": "(TJ) Yessir", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00106-00026284-00026372": "(Prizm) That's J+Noir", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00107-00027614-00027761": "(Prizm) All Around is basically the concept of", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00108-00027794-00028040": "not subjecting yourself to just one profession", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00109-00028040-00028207": "but being an all-around individual,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00110-00028207-00028324": "taking pride in that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00111-00028324-00028436": "and using that to your advantage", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00112-00028453-00028782": "As an artist you're never subjected to just one profession.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00113-00028782-00029041": "You should never categorize yourself, number one.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00114-00029091-00029316": "None of us are subjected to anything.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00115-00029316-00029491": "You're looking at some All Around artists right now.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00116-00029491-00029612": "(TJ) Yessir", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00117-00030497-00030588": "(TT) Wait from this year?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00118-00030588-00030638": "(Prizm) Wait first, okay.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00119-00030638-00030722": "Let's start it from our first-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00120-00030722-00030859": "Our first memorable moment was the party", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00121-00030876-00030947": "(TJ) The pool party.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00122-00030947-00031022": "We threw a-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00123-00031022-00031151": "(TJ) Mans jumped off the roof.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00124-00031197-00031260": "(Prizm) Who has the video-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00125-00031260-00031314": "Who has the video that?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00126-00031335-00031531": "I have the original Afro Ting Freestyle.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00127-00031531-00031644": "(TJ) Yes but that was soft though.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00128-00031644-00032023": "(Prizm) Basically, on my birthday we went to the studio,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00129-00032023-00032311": "and we all made this super genuine freestyle,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00130-00032311-00032478": "perfect summer track.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00131-00032478-00032599": "Banged it out.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00132-00032661-00032757": "We decided to release it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00133-00032761-00032849": "because it was just perfect,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00134-00032849-00032945": "it was just-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00135-00032966-00033028": "beautiful vibe.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00136-00033028-00033137": "You guys can check it out, still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00137-00033137-00033254": "That was when we were way younger,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00138-00033254-00033395": "probably like 2 years back ago.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00139-00033416-00033520": "Still young boys,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00140-00033550-00033662": "(Trendi) It was a long time ago, still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00141-00033662-00033725": "(Prizm) A long time ago,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00142-00033725-00034067": "We got All Around shirts for everybody in the house-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00143-00034129-00034171": "(Trendi) Cooking.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00144-00034171-00034334": "Cooking chicken, rice.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00145-00034334-00034426": "(Prizm) Don't let me get started.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00146-00034426-00034584": "(Trendi) You didn't show up,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00147-00034584-00034688": "You missed it.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00148-00034688-00034801": "(Prizm) If you didn't show up, you missed out.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00149-00034872-00035110": "But yeah, we spent a lot of money on that party", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00150-00035110-00035239": "out of our own pockets.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00151-00035314-00035414": "(TJ) Made back the money though.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00152-00035414-00035522": "(Prizm) Made back the money.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00153-00035522-00035756": "(TJ) Sell the merch, sell the merch, flip the merch.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00154-00035806-00036069": "(Prizm) We were like 17 or 18,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00155-00036069-00036386": "we put more than a thousand dollars into that party.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00156-00037395-00037645": "(J+Noir) Everyone's pretty open with creativity, everything", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00157-00037645-00037808": "(TJ) Throw your pitch, throw your pitch.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00158-00037808-00037850": "You know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00159-00037850-00037958": "(TT) And we usually f*** with it,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00160-00037958-00038046": "at the end of the day that's what I’m saying", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00161-00038071-00038196": "That's where the goodness comes from.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00162-00038229-00038421": "(J+Noir) There's no bad ideas anyways so-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00163-00038609-00038709": "(Trendi) Go ahead Earl", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00164-00038709-00039055": "(Prizm) Ok, when we shot the video for Afro Ting.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00165-00039055-00039155": "(Afro Ting Freestyle - All Around plays)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00166-00039164-00039318": "I thought it was a good-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00167-00039339-00039443": "it was still a good video", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00168-00039476-00039585": "I think it was very creative for us", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00169-00039585-00039693": "as young people.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00170-00039752-00039823": "but", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00171-00039823-00039927": "I didn't like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00172-00039973-00040231": "the song after we dropped it,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00173-00040231-00040277": "after like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00174-00040340-00040536": "a couple weeks.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00175-00040573-00040799": "So, I was telling them \"I think we should take that out,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00176-00040799-00040945": "I think we should delete the video,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00177-00040945-00041032": "take it off YouTube.\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00178-00041066-00041370": "They said \"We should keep it cause it shows where we started from.\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00179-00041370-00041462": "which is exactly correct-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00180-00041462-00041562": "it was correct.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00181-00041595-00041775": "(Trendi) I mean, yeah that's what I was saying.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00182-00041775-00041875": "(Prizm) I was speaking out of emotion", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00183-00041912-00042012": "You know, like we", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00184-00042012-00042254": "have a personal group chat of course,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00185-00042254-00042358": "so he was saying in the-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00186-00042358-00042642": "he sent literally paragraphs and I read it and I woke up like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00187-00042642-00042742": "“N**** what the f***”", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00188-00042742-00042851": "(laughs)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00189-00042851-00042988": "(TT) Yo, why does he do that?!", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00190-00043072-00043172": "(Trendi) Yo like he trippin’.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00191-00043234-00043714": "So going onto the day, me personally I didn't say anything because", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00192-00043714-00044139": "I'm more of like \"Bro let me see if he's like\"-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00193-00044148-00044386": "(Prizm) He'll see me in person and then he'll give me the rundown.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00194-00044386-00044569": "(Trendi) I'm like \"Let me see if he's right,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00195-00044569-00044736": "you know, let me actually see if he's right\".", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00196-00044736-00045145": "So I linked one of my best friends from middle school, Alexis.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00197-00045145-00045332": "You know, I was playing my games, whatever", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00198-00045332-00045603": "and her sister and her friends were in the background singing,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00199-00045603-00045641": "you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00200-00045641-00045720": "the shits.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00201-00045754-00045874": "Lyric by lyric.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00202-00045908-00046008": "Lyric by lyric.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00203-00046008-00046221": "So I was \"how the fuck do they even know that s***\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00204-00046221-00046404": "I was like \"Yo, this n**** (Prizm) trippin\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00205-00046404-00046542": "You know, she's (Alexis) like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00206-00046542-00047009": "\"Yeah, I know your verse, you know, lyric by lyric\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00207-00047038-00047155": "Bro, I messaged the group chat and I'm like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00208-00047155-00047363": "\"Bro, you have to keep it up like you have to,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00209-00047434-00047539": "it's not an option. You have to\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00210-00047589-00047655": "(Prizm) Majority Rules", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00211-00047655-00048006": "(Trendi) So yeah, you know, that's a disagreement that we had but-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00212-00048006-00048160": "(Prizm) Majority rules big time", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00213-00048160-00048231": "(Trendi) Yeah, yeah", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00214-00049382-00049528": "We linked up in Josh's basement", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00215-00049528-00049691": "Just kickin' it and s*** too,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00216-00049712-00049841": "we were doing bare s***.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00217-00049866-00049949": "You were doing football too,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00218-00049949-00050091": "you were also writing too", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00219-00050129-00050229": "you were acting too, you know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00220-00050271-00050346": "I was doing the same though,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00221-00050346-00050458": "but I was doing soccer.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00222-00050458-00050571": "I was acting,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00223-00050583-00050717": "I was doing all that type of s***,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00224-00050729-00050905": "and I was also writing too as well.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00225-00050950-00051117": "and then we also had the thought of", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00226-00051134-00051317": "\"Yo we could do way more, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00227-00051342-00051497": "Way more than what we want\".", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00228-00051538-00051622": "So,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00229-00051639-00051922": "We just linked up and started throwing ideas at each other, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00230-00051939-00052035": "and just keep throwing ideas,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00231-00052035-00052097": "throwing ideas.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00232-00052097-00052252": "I was rolling with something back in the day,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00233-00052252-00052352": "NWPS", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00234-00052389-00052569": "****** Wanna Play Smart (chuckles)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00235-00052581-00052681": "Shoutout those guys.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00236-00052685-00052827": "(Prizm) Yeah, they had that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00237-00052840-00052944": "(TJ) But yeah, shoutout those guys", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00238-00052944-00053065": "We were doing that back in the day", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00239-00053065-00053140": "and then we were like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00240-00053140-00053436": "\"Nah, we need something that runs with us, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00241-00053461-00053595": "that lives within us, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00242-00053649-00053820": "and lives within many people on this planet\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00243-00053882-00054133": "so, All Around started to form from that too,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00244-00054162-00054333": "then we started to buck heads with more people,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00245-00054333-00054421": "more individuals", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00246-00054421-00054596": "mostly through school too, you know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00247-00054596-00054733": "Then that's when Trendi-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00248-00054746-00054875": "we started pulling Trendi through", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00249-00054909-00055054": "and Trendi was coming through already with", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00250-00055054-00055234": "music and dances already,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00251-00055242-00055355": "and production too.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00252-00055434-00055647": "So already, it was good like that, you know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00253-00056681-00057057": "(Prizm) Our base is built upon straight loyalty and realness,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00254-00057057-00057190": "so automatically", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00255-00057219-00057361": "when we have problems in life", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00256-00057411-00057753": "it's nothing to go to our brothers and get that opinion or-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00257-00057795-00057949": "There's so many times when we fell,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00258-00057978-00058083": "caught L's", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00259-00058083-00058153": "(Trendi) Facts", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00260-00058153-00058354": "(Prizm) You know, just going through it.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00261-00058391-00058508": "All we had was each other,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00262-00058520-00058612": "literally.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00263-00058671-00058933": "That's also where the Twin Towers concept comes from.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00264-00058933-00059092": "You never let your other brother fall.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00265-00059125-00059275": "His tower's not going to fall, my tower's not going to fall", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00266-00059275-00059380": "It's some Twin Towers s***.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00267-00059496-00059642": "And if it does fall, we fall together,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00268-00059642-00059734": "but it's not going to fall.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00269-00059734-00059817": "(TT) We can't fall, still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00270-00059859-00059959": "We can't fall, still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00271-00059976-00060051": "(Prizm) We can't fall.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00272-00060051-00060151": "(Trendi) Too sturdy.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00273-00060180-00060280": "(Prizm) Twin Tower Boys", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00274-00061461-00061561": "(Prizm) Immediately.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00275-00061582-00061649": "(Trendi) Off the rip.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00276-00061649-00061694": "(TT) Off the rip.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00277-00061694-00061778": "(J+Noir) Yeah.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00278-00061778-00061895": "(Trendi) Damn, off the rip.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00279-00061953-00062087": "(Prizm) The universe really aligned itself.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00280-00062087-00062404": "(TT) That's where it clicked, like I said before", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00281-00062412-00062783": "When I collabed with P (Prizm) we clicked like that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00282-00062783-00063025": "and the compatibility was there and we just", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00283-00063025-00063188": "kept working, kept working, we're always-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00284-00063213-00063442": "Something new everyday, new ideas all the time", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00285-00063479-00063822": "(The Valley - J+Noir plays)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00286-00064393-00064597": "(TT) For me, I would say the party.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00287-00064614-00064681": "(Trendi) Which one?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00288-00064697-00064810": "(TT) The All Around party this summer.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00289-00064818-00064868": "(Trendi) Okay.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00290-00064885-00065098": "(TT) For me that was the proudest moment.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00291-00065098-00065198": "(Prizm) Escaping Euphoria.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00292-00065219-00065319": "Escaping Euphoria.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00293-00065348-00065448": "Shout out to everybody who came through,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00294-00065486-00065644": "shout out to everyone who bought those shirts.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00295-00065644-00065799": "Those glow in the dark shirts are super rare.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00296-00065811-00065861": "(TJ) Sold out.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00297-00065861-00065986": "(Trendi) I mean everything we do,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00298-00066003-00066124": "everything we do basically.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00299-00066228-00066437": "To be completely honest, how I feel is", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00300-00066462-00066687": "if we really get all of our minds together", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00301-00066687-00066904": "and pull something that we said we're going to do", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00302-00066904-00067004": "and it comes together,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00303-00067029-00067363": "I’m going to feel sentimental about it either other way,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00304-00067363-00067496": "because we did it.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00305-00067517-00067630": "Something that we accomplished.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00306-00068572-00068701": "(Prizm) Every single time we make a track-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00307-00068701-00068752": "(TT) Every time!", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00308-00068752-00068897": "(Prizm) Every single time we make a track it has to be fire.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00309-00068906-00069027": "(TT) Especially me and P, still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00310-00069027-00069164": "(Prizm) Yo, listen.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00311-00069164-00069219": "(Trendi) These guys, nah-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00312-00069219-00069315": "These guys go in still.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00313-00069315-00069419": "(Prizm) Don't even get me started.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00314-00069511-00069753": "(J+Noir) Their work ethic is unmatched right now,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00315-00069753-00069840": "I'm not going to lie to you.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00316-00069840-00069961": "They'll lay a hard verse down,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00317-00069961-00070074": "and I'll lay a verse down", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00318-00070074-00070174": "and I'll be like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00319-00070174-00070274": "\"Nah that shit wasn't even-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00320-00070274-00070487": "let me go redo that again\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00321-00070541-00070749": "Every time we push each other to the maximum.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00322-00070749-00070833": "To the max.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00323-00070833-00070933": "(Trendi) Let me see that TT.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00324-00070933-00071079": "(Prizm) I love the competitive nature.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00325-00072301-00072501": "(TJ) Keep creating, man.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00326-00072526-00072718": "Keep thinking and keep jotting that down too,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00327-00072718-00072881": "keep writing it down too.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00328-00072931-00073035": "That's the beauty of it man,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00329-00073052-00073381": "like we forget, we have technology and all that shit, like yeah", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00330-00073381-00073752": "if you want to keep your ideas for yourself,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00331-00073752-00073911": "and not copyright and all that s***,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00332-00073911-00074190": "then yeah, have it on documents and everything on the internet and whatsoever,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00333-00074190-00074395": "but we're forgetting to write, you know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00334-00074395-00074612": "Write more, think more, draw more,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00335-00074616-00074716": "jot things down,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00336-00074762-00074899": "That's what keeps me going all the time.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00337-00074912-00075183": "And seeing that my brothers do it constantly.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00338-00075262-00075771": "(TT) What motivates me is my family and just seeing how I grew up.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00339-00075779-00076134": "Like my mom just being a single mom,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00340-00076134-00076234": "that motivates me.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00341-00076247-00076488": "Then I look at my family down in Jamaica, you know.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00342-00076488-00076639": "(Everyone) Facts", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00343-00076639-00076835": "Stuff like that.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00344-00076835-00077043": "Everybody man. My family, they motivate me,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00345-00077043-00077160": "My story", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00346-00077218-00077460": "and just how life connects the dots and it's just like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00347-00077460-00077756": "\"Wow, this is where you're supposed to be\", real s***.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00348-00077790-00078090": "Even me going to be a producer is just like “wow”-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00349-00078123-00078711": "It's fucked cause when I was younger I used to pen tap, bare", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00350-00078736-00078937": "I used to pen tap, bare", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00351-00078937-00079033": "(imitates pen tapping)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00352-00079033-00079154": "I used to do all that s***.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00353-00079154-00079254": "I used to beatboxing too.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00354-00079300-00079400": "(Prizm) The hi-hats", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00355-00079400-00079500": "(TJ) It's lunchtime!", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00356-00079500-00079600": "(Prizm) The baby hihats.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00357-00079600-00079908": "(TT) That just motivates me and a lot of my friends too", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00358-00079925-00080088": "They be telling me \"Yo, you're a goat\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00359-00080088-00080301": "and I'm like \"Yo, I don't know\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00360-00080301-00080351": "(laughter)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00361-00080351-00080534": "I be telling them \"You're a goat too\", you know", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00362-00080534-00080684": "and I’ll be telling them s*** like that too,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00363-00080684-00080805": "like \"You motivate me,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00364-00080847-00081014": "you're getting me to where I need to go, you're a goat\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00365-00081051-00081118": "(Prizm) Real talks.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00366-00081118-00081210": "(TT) \"You're a goat\" real shit.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00367-00081210-00081243": "(J+Noir) Big facts.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00368-00081243-00081322": "(TT) I want you guys to take that in", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00369-00081322-00081464": "\"You guys are my goats\", real s***", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00370-00081464-00081585": "(Prizm) In all actuality", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00371-00081610-00081748": "(TT) You guys motivate me everyday", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00372-00088167-00088233": "(Riman) What's up?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00373-00088233-00088346": "My name's Riman Rafi,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00374-00088375-00088505": "I'm 26 years old,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00375-00088505-00088730": "I'm an entrepreneur within the dance industry in Toronto.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00376-00088776-00089272": "I'm the founder and head director of K9 Collective and Prestige Dance Studios.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00377-00089431-00089635": "Yeah, I’ve been dancing for 8 Years now,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00378-00089635-00089864": "and working in the industry for about 6", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00379-00089898-00090027": "and here we are today.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00380-00090056-00090235": "Our team right now,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00381-00090265-00090361": "our collective,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00382-00090361-00090473": "we've been together for 4 years,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00383-00090473-00090869": "and members have come at different times within the company,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00384-00090890-00091028": "Originally our OGs,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00385-00091028-00091220": "we met pretty much through dance classes,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00386-00091249-00091608": "a lot of us used to be in different studios,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00387-00091608-00091691": "taking classes together", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00388-00091695-00091783": "and then one day we realized", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00389-00091783-00091937": "\"You know what, I like you guys,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00390-00091946-00092233": "let's all get together and just like, you know, do a little thing\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00391-00092233-00092559": "and then from there other people started to take interest in what we do", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00392-00092559-00092951": "and we went from a group of 11 people to now like a company over 80 people.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00393-00092951-00093017": "So,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00394-00093017-00093168": "It's been pretty crazy for 4 years.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00395-00093276-00093455": "(Untitled - MSTA plays)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00396-00093731-00093931": "I think collaboration is very important", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00397-00093935-00094369": "because when you have a lot of creatives wanting to push quality out", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00398-00094385-00094498": "and set a new standard,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00399-00094498-00094711": "everyone’s always thinking outside the box.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00400-00094736-00094928": "So when you have 10 different brains working on something,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00401-00094928-00095095": "that's 10 different ideas that come together.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00402-00095095-00095528": "I think the hardest part about collaboration is learning what to filter out", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00403-00095545-00095833": "and learning what to keep in,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00404-00095912-00096250": "because sometimes when you mix everything together", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00405-00096250-00096383": "things don't really go as well,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00406-00096383-00096609": "but when you have one person’s idea", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00407-00096629-00096771": "take the forefront", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00408-00096771-00097001": "and everyone else push to put that idea forward,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00409-00097017-00097159": "you can have something magical.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00410-00097184-00097614": "For our collective, we've been collaboratively putting together our dance pieces", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00411-00097614-00097755": "for the last three years", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00412-00097755-00098206": "where we have about 7 to 8 different creatives collaborating to put the sets together", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00413-00098206-00098310": "and we've been doing very well.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00414-00098319-00098560": "I think we've been undefeated for the last-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00415-00098560-00098711": "almost two years now,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00416-00098711-00098823": "so that's been pretty cool", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00417-00098823-00098986": "so I think collaboration is very important", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00418-00098986-00099186": "and I really highly recommend that for everybody.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00419-00100125-00100396": "Right now it's November of 2019", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00420-00100396-00100667": "so March of 2018, a year and a half ago,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00421-00100688-00100875": "we competed at this competition", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00422-00100875-00101255": "and we just wanted to put together this performance", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00423-00101255-00101601": "with the idea of love, friendship, warmth and reassurance", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00424-00101634-00102014": "and because a lot of us were going through a lot of tough times in life.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00425-00102110-00102268": "But 8 of us or 7 of us", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00426-00102306-00102498": "input our choreography into the set", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00427-00102506-00102802": "and the reason it didn't really go well was because,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00428-00102865-00102977": "even though all of us were", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00429-00102977-00103144": "emotionally connected to the piece,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00430-00103144-00103265": "everyone was on a different level.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00431-00103265-00103553": "So like, the way the performance went was", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00432-00103565-00103945": "the beginning was really strong, in the middle it kind of fell apart", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00433-00103962-00104174": "and then after that it picked up and then it fell apart again,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00434-00104174-00104437": "and we didn't really know how to balance things.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00435-00104437-00104725": "So, I think it's important to communicate", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00436-00104725-00105017": "and be clear about your intention if you're going to collaborate with somebody", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00437-00105017-00105171": "and don't be afraid to say \"No\",", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00438-00105184-00105380": "and let them know how you really feel about their idea.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00439-00106231-00106681": "Man, having support from the people that you work with", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00440-00106719-00107081": "I mean, for us as a dancer that we practice with every week", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00441-00107081-00107236": "is so important because", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00442-00107286-00107436": "it's only the people in the room with you,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00443-00107436-00107532": "that sweat with you", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00444-00107532-00107728": "and go through the same pain as you,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00445-00107728-00108191": "really understand the depth of your situation.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00446-00108228-00108550": "And a lot of us face tough times in dance", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00447-00108550-00108741": "because dance is an emotional sport,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00448-00108741-00109108": "you have to be really emotionally inclined into what you're doing.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00449-00109200-00109430": "There are a lot of times where we're dancing", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00450-00109430-00109546": "and we had a really bad day", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00451-00109559-00109663": "and we still have to go to practice", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00452-00109663-00109767": "and dance for like 4 hours", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00453-00109767-00109876": "and that's when you have your teammates that,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00454-00109876-00110026": "you know, tap your back and be like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00455-00110026-00110109": "\"Yo, you got this?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00456-00110147-00110247": "We're all in this together.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00457-00110247-00110493": "You're having a bad day? Let's chill, let's pick it up,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00458-00110493-00110589": "Let's have a better day now.\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00459-00110589-00110773": "So I really appreciate my teammates for that.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00460-00111536-00111899": "Well there's a saying that experience is the best teacher in life, right?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00461-00111903-00112232": "And being in a collective of 30+ people,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00462-00112274-00112416": "when you get close with everybody", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00463-00112416-00112566": "you learn from everyone's experiences,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00464-00112579-00112800": "and I always tell myself that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00465-00112812-00113096": "\"what I'm going might not be foreign to somebody else\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00466-00113129-00113308": "so don't be afraid to open up", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00467-00113317-00113496": "and actually talk to people about how you feel,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00468-00113517-00113684": "because it might be foreign to you", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00469-00113684-00113834": "but someone else might have experienced it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00470-00113867-00114013": "and they can share their experience with you", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00471-00114038-00114197": "so you can learn from it and you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00472-00114197-00114401": "just be better and just be more proactive in the future.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00473-00115198-00115461": "I'm a very competitive person so I like to win,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00474-00115461-00115569": "doesn't matter what it is,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00475-00115577-00115753": "even if it's at something as simple as like,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00476-00115811-00115919": "eating a hot dog,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00477-00115986-00116086": "I just always want to win.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00478-00116086-00116366": "And one thing I realized from being competitive is that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00479-00116366-00116491": "I’m not the best at everything", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00480-00116495-00116762": "and sometimes when I’m not good at something", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00481-00116762-00117050": "it's ok for me to defer to somebody else on my team that's great at something", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00482-00117050-00117175": "and learn from them.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00483-00117183-00117400": "With collaboration I realized that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00484-00117446-00117546": "I’m not the best at everything", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00485-00117575-00117959": "and it's ok for me to just learn from other people and allow them to help me", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00486-00117988-00118222": "and because there's something that I’m good at that they might not be good at,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00487-00118222-00118405": "so just open up and communicate.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00488-00119302-00119431": "We've done some crazy things.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00489-00119431-00119615": "We travelled as team.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00490-00119627-00119819": "Last year we went to the U.S", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00491-00119832-00120007": "and the East Coast of the U.S and New York,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00492-00120007-00120366": "we came top three against a lot of American teams", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00493-00120382-00120766": "and just this year, we put out three big sets", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00494-00120791-00120991": "all three of them took first place,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00495-00121016-00121379": "and just being able to set a standard", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00496-00121379-00121600": "and just being in a position in the dance community", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00497-00121600-00121913": "where people look to us for influence and inspiration,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00498-00121913-00122242": "really gives us a lot of motivation to think outside the box", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00499-00122242-00122555": "and put together a lot of raw and genuine", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00500-00122555-00122760": "content out, I guess.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00501-00122780-00122881": "We're very proud of that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00502-00122881-00123014": "and we're going to continue to work hard", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00503-00123014-00123135": "to maintain that standard.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00504-00123873-00124111": "When you are working as a group,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00505-00124161-00124570": "let's say my idea is making this cake,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00506-00124570-00124724": "but I’m not good at icing", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00507-00124724-00124870": "and I just know how to make the base,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00508-00124891-00125154": "and my teammate is like \"I'm really good at icing the cake\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00509-00125154-00125325": "so, they'll come and help me ice the cake.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00510-00125325-00125462": "Someone else is good with packaging,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00511-00125462-00125625": "Someone else is good at delivering", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00512-00125625-00125867": "and you know, you take care of the mission.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00513-00125867-00126384": "So I think for us, always just being able to help each other out", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00514-00126392-00126676": "and always looking for ways to help other people,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00515-00126701-00126801": "instead of just being like", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00516-00126801-00127060": "\"Oh, they didn't ask for help so I’m not going to help them\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00517-00127060-00127506": "So, I think it's just good to be proactive and always extend a helping hand.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00518-00128253-00128411": "When you have a team of 30 people", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00519-00128444-00128540": "what happens is,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00520-00128570-00128807": "that's 30 different lives that we're living everyday", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00521-00128807-00129058": "and at the end of the day we get together for practice, right?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00522-00129074-00129229": "Half of us might have had a good day,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00523-00129254-00129500": "half of us might have had a really bad day,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00524-00129500-00129846": "and some of us probably just woke up at 5:00pm so our day just started, right?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00525-00129846-00130029": "So, energy is usually different,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00526-00130029-00130317": "so what we do at the beginning of practice all the time is we meditate,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00527-00130342-00130559": "get everybody on the same level of energy,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00528-00130584-00130880": "and we see who's where", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00529-00130914-00131039": "and we pick each other up,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00530-00131059-00131364": "it's very motivating because when you're in a group of people", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00531-00131364-00131639": "that really care about you and want to you to always be great", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00532-00131673-00131840": "you know that you're not going to fail.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00533-00131840-00132165": "One thing that we do in our collective that's very important is", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00534-00132165-00132419": "I value my teammates goals more than my own", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00535-00132419-00132690": "because I know for a fact that the other 29 of them", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00536-00132690-00132820": "will support me no matter what,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00537-00132832-00133070": "so I always feel like I have no choice but to move forward.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00538-00133983-00134209": "Our goal as a collective-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00539-00134250-00134363": "We have two goals.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00540-00134467-00134580": "the biggest one being,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00541-00134580-00134792": "we just want to be one of the best teams in the world,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00542-00134830-00135135": "it might take us 5 years, 10 years, 20 years, we really don't know", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00543-00135160-00135414": "all we know is that every day, every practice, we're working hard", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00544-00135414-00135577": "and we're just laying the foundation down,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00545-00135714-00135956": "even if I’m not around to see us at that level", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00546-00135998-00136261": "at least I know we're part of the foundation that's being built for it,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00547-00136286-00136386": "and our second thing is", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00548-00136386-00136498": "just making dance accessible,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00549-00136498-00136803": "because a lot of us came through a lot of tough upbringing", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00550-00136803-00136957": "and dance, kind of like, saved us.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00551-00136991-00137412": "We want to be able to expose this outlet to a lot of people that don't have it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00552-00137449-00137629": "there's so many of us that started dancing and realized", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00553-00137629-00137766": "\"We don't even-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00554-00137766-00137983": "Wow, I don't have interest in dance but I love this thing.\"", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00555-00137983-00138200": "So we just want to make this accessible to everybody else,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00556-00138217-00138359": "and potentially expand our business,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00557-00138400-00138755": "open studios across Canada, maybe even internationally,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00558-00138784-00138955": "and just, you know, unite people", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00559-00138955-00139101": "and just bring a lot of happiness to the world.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00560-00139180-00139539": "I’m an advocate of just doing whatever you want to do.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00561-00139568-00139948": "I think the biggest advice that I can give somebody is", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00562-00139973-00140311": "don't let the fear of unknown stop you from doing something,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00563-00140311-00140552": "because you can always go back to your room", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00564-00140552-00140640": "because it's comfortable.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00565-00140640-00140807": "There's nothing wrong with stepping out.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00566-00140807-00141057": "It's ok to take a couple steps back to run forward again,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00567-00141057-00141157": "there's nothing wrong with that.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00568-00141157-00141312": "And just stay on your own grind,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00569-00141341-00141483": "some people might get there in 5 years,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00570-00141483-00141591": "some people might get there in 10,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00571-00141616-00141716": "you might get there in 20,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00572-00141716-00141895": "but that doesn't change the fact that you got there, right?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00573-00141895-00141996": "So just stay with it", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00574-00142016-00142250": "and yeah man, just support everybody else.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00575-00142250-00142450": "Celebrate everybody, That's all I would say.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00576-00144552-00145149": "(guitar starts playing)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00577-00147172-00147380": "(Vymvn) Alright so we're dropping a new EP,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00578-00147380-00147593": "Coming out on (inaudible)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00579-00147672-00147835": "Make sure you guys stream that on Tidal-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00580-00147893-00148006": "(Interviewer) Stream that, stream that.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00581-00148006-00148102": "(Vymvn) We're at LowLife right now,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00582-00148106-00148223": "we're supporting our friend, Mina.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00583-00148248-00148494": "Guys that's my friend Jeremie over there,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00584-00148519-00148711": "he's coming out with some dope stuff soon.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00585-00148806-00149140": "Support your friends, support your family,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00586-00149140-00149320": "support your community cause that's-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00587-00149320-00149349": "(Woman) Oh sorry", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00588-00149349-00149445": "(Vymvn) That's ok.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00589-00149445-00149599": "Cause that's, that's a good one- (laughs)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00590-00150004-00150175": "(Show me - Vymvn x Kimia Jay plays)", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00591-00150254-00150829": "(Vymvn) I've been doing music for about 5-6 years", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00592-00150846-00151096": "and I’ve always liked working alone,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00593-00151171-00151338": "but it wasn't until", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00594-00151351-00151818": "I started sharing my ideas with other people", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00595-00151860-00152302": "that I saw there was different perspectives", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00596-00152302-00152569": "that could be added to my ideas,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00597-00152744-00152936": "that made it grow into something that", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00598-00152936-00153482": "I never imagined it would have grown into in the first place.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00599-00153632-00154116": "I’ve started to learn that collaboration can be powerful", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00600-00154179-00154316": "in doses, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00601-00154479-00154658": "and it's all about growth man.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00602-00155363-00155538": "You got to be comfortable, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00603-00155563-00155776": "you got to be comfortable with yourself and", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00604-00155876-00156231": "if you're not- if you don't know what your sound is", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00605-00156260-00156518": "then you're going to make a s*** product, right?", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00606-00156673-00156885": "You can push product as much as you want,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00607-00156885-00157236": "but at the end of the day, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00608-00157236-00157432": "it comes down to a solid idea,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00609-00157499-00157815": "you know, how confident you are with what you're making.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00610-00158449-00158871": "My brand, I started it from the bottom,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00611-00158871-00159108": "square one, all on my own", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00612-00159133-00159267": "it was all I knew, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00613-00159271-00159371": "working solo,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00614-00159371-00159496": "it just made sense.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00615-00159676-00160034": "Diving into collaboration wasn't really appealing", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00616-00160105-00160643": "up until my second or third year producing,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00617-00160643-00161027": "already having some successful tracks under my belt,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00618-00161027-00161102": "but I-", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00619-00161298-00161845": "I saw that it did slow me down a little bit.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00620-00162704-00163033": "It's like the analogy, you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00621-00163033-00163163": "too many cooks in the kitchen,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00622-00163254-00163492": "and you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00623-00163492-00163701": "my kitchen is pretty small,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00624-00163763-00164026": "and I know where everything is in my kitchen,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00625-00164109-00164460": "and I have all my tools and everything the way I want them", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00626-00164460-00164902": "so I can quickly whip up what I want to make.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00627-00164977-00165444": "And as soon as someone steps into my kitchen it's just chaos,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00628-00165577-00166161": "and I guess it feeds into the fear of", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00629-00166161-00166236": "you know,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00630-00166261-00166445": "you're not sure what they're going to make.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00631-00166578-00166958": "That's an obstacle you have to overcome as an artist is,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00632-00167025-00167780": "you know, having faith in the other artist, or chef in this analogy,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00633-00167780-00168464": "and just hope that what they're going to do is going to compliment the final product.", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00634-00168655-00169035": "And that comes over time with just experience and", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00635-00169035-00169360": "finding the right people that compliment your style", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00636-00169360-00169702": "and just having a genuine connection with people,", "bzIPPsb47Pk-00637-00169702-00170366": "is probably one of the overlooked factors when it comes to collaboration."}}, {"audio_id": "b-9zeIUVS5U", "text": {"b-9zeIUVS5U-00000-00000704-00001140": "Everybody dr. Andy arts from here I had to test fines for its therapy I'm really", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00001-00001140-00001743": "excited to be here at dr. Lee's sister he is joining our clinic August 1st dr.", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00002-00001743-00002172": "Lee is a graduate of New York Chiropractic College and he has been", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00003-00002172-00002636": "focusing a lot of attention since graduation on the super type athletes", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00004-00002636-00003161": "oh yeah yeah he's been running all the way and you said volleyball to you and", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00005-00003161-00004582": "yes doing a little work with a BP they just had a Seattle open with all the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00006-00004582-00005207": "terminology and you're with the Seattle start Saracens socio Saracens are the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00007-00005207-00005523": "premier club team you know and then there's the CL fuels which are the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00008-00005523-00005960": "professional team their own IANA honor major league rugby man I mean you know", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00009-00005960-00006431": "we always talk about like football right and then remember guys say well you know", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00010-00006431-00006836": "if you know Romy's essentially football without a helmet is that like I don't", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00011-00006836-00007181": "know wherever you done it up ready but but that's what I kind of hear is that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00012-00007181-00007656": "it's like if you're the ultra tough man to play right oh yeah you're into 80", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00013-00007656-00008093": "minutes of pure controlled chaos that's just what to go for just like", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00014-00008093-00008450": "soccer it's straight through a chat yeah it's crazy you know I'm gonna have to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00015-00008450-00008811": "I'm gonna obviously have to watch the road now that I'm getting to know you so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00016-00008811-00009318": "what like what do you play rugby like as a college or what was your passion so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00017-00009318-00009722": "assertive playing rugby in high school my senior year I knew I was going to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00018-00009722-00010100": "undergraduate of that had drumbeat and allowed my friends played for that team", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00019-00010100-00010506": "so I would played throughout college it's a men's club and once I got into", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00020-00010506-00010775": "Chiropractic College I was like kinda had to put down the background a little", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00021-00010775-00011096": "bit ya can't break my hands Kay yeah yeah", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00022-00011096-00011475": "yeah so I know your hands I know well I don't know personally for", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00023-00011475-00011807": "me the most injuries of her had my life I shouldn't probably say this", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00024-00011807-00012230": "video was during Chiropractic College because well I mean we're all learning", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00025-00012230-00012656": "to adjust each other right it's like let me is try to adjust your neck one more", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00026-00012656-00013366": "time so that would be second best for me I mean first of all stuffy rugby super", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00027-00013366-00013720": "super rough so you got into school you but you went into rugby managed to get", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00028-00013720-00014153": "yourself a line with these two great teams which is just really cool awesome", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00029-00014153-00014558": "absolutely yeah and then it sounds like from from talking with you earlier that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00030-00014558-00014954": "you really found some people that you wanted to follow here in Seattle to in", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00031-00014954-00015469": "regards to your learning that's one of the one of the main reasons why I come", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00032-00015469-00015854": "tutto is that we have all the other practitioners that know so many more", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00033-00015854-00016283": "things aren't really so willing to just impart their knowledge on you so I was", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00034-00016283-00016865": "one of the best things about head-to-toe but CL area in general it's just kind of", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00035-00016865-00017255": "a beacon for physical therapists and people that work with the body and", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00036-00017255-00017623": "chiropractors and whatnot functionalpatterns it has a main", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00037-00017623-00018068": "headquarters down in Belltown yeah that's somebody that like i'm not EIG", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00038-00018068-00018431": "are those are people that i'm trying to connect with and learn more from i'm", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00039-00018431-00018803": "really excited you're gonna be reading that to the clinic and you know again", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00040-00018803-00019190": "it's like it's really neat how head shows grown you know i mean i know that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00041-00019190-00019520": "we're getting to know each other but um you know for those of you who have been", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00042-00019520-00019868": "with me for a long time you guys remember i have a you know a 500 square", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00043-00019868-00020201": "foot office and it was just me right and I was sort of determined to do things", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00044-00020201-00020510": "differently you know I was you know I'm like I'm spend time with patients I'm", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00045-00020510-00020773": "gonna do all this doctor police I just exercise therapy and all these things", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00046-00020773-00021206": "and and and it's always been so fun but now I having this opportunity to work", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00047-00021206-00021641": "with now you with dr. Harris with dr. Jeannie like just as this growth of", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00048-00021641-00022037": "knowledge it's been it's been fun I feel like our tool our toolkit is just is", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00049-00022037-00022242": "just going to grow exponentially with you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00050-00022242-00022689": "and having you aboard so let's make it a tool show themselves shit like that so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00051-00022689-00023351": "much more than a kit a tool stead so factor by beat like I like I feel like", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00052-00023351-00023775": "you know rugby's so like I just think it was such a tough for it you know and", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00053-00023775-00024267": "then here you know we have really well not just here but you know the huge", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00054-00024267-00024768": "growth across fit and and then some really other high intense workout", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00055-00024768-00025068": "programs like orange the area a couple other gyms just really like putting it", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00056-00025068-00025509": "down hard so how do you feel about like I guess what I want to ask us how do you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00057-00025509-00025935": "relate that the experience of had with rugby and sort of the injuries you see", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00058-00025935-00026322": "are there are common injury patterns you see and how does that maybe tie in to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00059-00026322-00026763": "people who are working really hard to CrossFit we're gonna see there so a lot", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00060-00026763-00027008": "of people that I work with the rugby teams are actually in cross fares as", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00061-00027008-00027458": "well okay yeah I mean that cross train component that it comes to it allows", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00062-00027458-00027756": "like where you're lifting weight and also moving your body weight and pushing", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00063-00027756-00028083": "off the ground and running I mean that's very similar to rugby it's very high", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00064-00028083-00028488": "impact a lot of running and you have to move your body very well to play that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00065-00028488-00028970": "sport yeah but just in general I'd say they they do share a lot of similar", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00066-00028970-00029439": "injuries more some around the hips as well as the shoulder zone with CrossFit", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00067-00029439-00029820": "I see a lot of people that have a bicipital tendonitis yeah and that's", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00068-00029820-00030168": "pretty major anything over the head that's where they're getting it in", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00069-00030168-00030630": "CrossFit but surprisingly there's a lot of things that are overhead as well like", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00070-00030630-00030908": "whether you're binding on another opponent or you're lifting somebody in a", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00071-00030908-00031329": "line out what does that mean binding on another appointment so you know like a", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00072-00031329-00031599": "scrum down like where they have like eight people on eight people and they", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00073-00031599-00031952": "all come together and they push over the ball yeah so they have to bind together", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00074-00031952-00032639": "and that's it's very um that whole movement itself is very dependent on", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00075-00032639-00033033": "everybody being bound together okay if you don't have 16 people bound together", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00076-00033033-00033438": "it's you that the scrum will fall or there gonna be a patio or the dangerous", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00077-00033438-00034152": "play altogether so that that binding that they have to do in that that move", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00078-00034152-00034551": "in the scrum is they're grabbing their opponent pulling them in very similar to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00079-00034551-00034919": "like a lat pull down or some of them have to push as well as are", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00080-00034919-00035321": "very similar to like an overhead press so a lot of that stuff very similar to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00081-00035321-00035699": "the training that goes on on the at CrossFit yeah that's actually part of", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00082-00035699-00036179": "the reason why we tell some of the guys to go to solving CrossFit yeah it's so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00083-00036179-00036575": "it's also because the customer is like the dynamic overhead movement like it is", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00084-00036575-00037103": "huge one of the main things they do exactly and it's just it's just such an", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00085-00037103-00037610": "amazing training piece yeah so that's cool I didn't know that that's really", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00086-00037610-00038093": "cool so so so you see a lot of shoulder stuff I mean I definitely you know if", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00087-00038093-00038765": "you ask me like what do you see from coming from Prospect yes over and over", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00088-00038765-00039260": "and then and it definitely hip you know so see you second on the hip like you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00089-00039260-00039584": "see a specific injury in the hip or just generalized like super tight not moving", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00090-00039584-00040094": "dream tightness yeah yes that's and that goes I think for most athletes that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00091-00040094-00040667": "squat and that tends to be an issue but a lot of the rug you guys they tend to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00092-00040667-00041120": "lack mobility which is different then different than other in sports like in", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00093-00041120-00041465": "the hips especially yeah but it's very similar to CrossFit where it's like", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00094-00041465-00041807": "you're doing sensual motions you're doing bringing stuff off the ground", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00095-00041807-00042035": "straight up and then you're running forward but you not really do much", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00096-00042035-00042410": "side-to-side stuff yeah so that's stuff that we try to implement in the athletes", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00097-00042410-00042749": "in CrossFit it seems to be the bane of all training though will actually just", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00098-00042749-00042989": "movement patterns I mean if we can generalize one thing we're way too", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00099-00042989-00043307": "forward and our movement patterns and we seem to lack that side-to-side", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00100-00043307-00044054": "try to get people a little bit more irritation there was a clam shell we", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00101-00044054-00044423": "just don't use our psyche body enough that's true and it goes seems to go", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00102-00044423-00044885": "throughout you know everything in front about Pilates actually as much but from", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00103-00044885-00045269": "there forward we tend to use our front body way more for all patterns of life", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00104-00045269-00045740": "so what about like upper back stuff do you see a lot of that in so upper back", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00105-00045740-00046181": "you're done specially like around the neck like not necessarily like the upper", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00106-00046181-00046619": "back as much as maybe like the CT region yeah that's that tends to get a little", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00107-00046619-00046955": "jammed up as well I mean you have people that are pulled inward because they have", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00108-00046955-00047279": "large text or because they're being crunched together in those small", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00109-00047279-00047533": "positions like in the scrums and the rooks", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00110-00047533-00047912": "in and of itself they have to have a lot of mobility", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00111-00047912-00048251": "some of them like it just moving a large traps that are protecting the shoulders", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00112-00048251-00048755": "right so then it tends to be a little bit of an issue but I find that as you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00113-00048755-00049388": "cracked more the hips and the way that the upper back is I guess aligned simple", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00114-00049388-00049682": "chiropractic stuff is usually very helpful yeah and postural training in", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00115-00049682-00050188": "general yeah yeah the beauty of a good adjustment is just huge hugely", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00116-00050188-00050804": "especially the road guys they that's all yeah the tape work can you adjust me or", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00117-00050804-00051137": "and yeah you something are two years I'm sure yeah awesome I mean that's really", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00118-00051137-00051446": "where someone knew that these things have been born I mean certainly actor", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00119-00051446-00051776": "release was born around the triathlete crowd you know as you know so it started", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00120-00051776-00052177": "with Ironman and an actually doctor lady who developed after release so he's a", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00121-00052177-00052729": "heat corner like 20 times yeah he's like it's just he's just crazy you know it's", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00122-00052729-00053054": "just is amazing but I mean he just started developing this protocol for", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00123-00053054-00053423": "athletes and that's I think what I love about it is how effective it isn't that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00124-00053423-00053816": "sort of like you've got five minutes I can get you moving so much better with a", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00125-00053816-00054164": "couple of rate approaches it's the only amount of time we have sometimes it yeah", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00126-00054164-00054497": "yeah thirty forty guys running around the field you can't spend twenty minutes", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00127-00054497-00054802": "with them yeah yeah you don't have luxury of it written already have the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00128-00054802-00055052": "luxury of the clinic and all the equipment and bells and whistles you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00129-00055052-00055516": "just got to have really excellent manual therapy absolutely yeah totally that's", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00130-00055516-00056002": "awesome so so yeah getting that translation so you're seeing hips you're", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00131-00056002-00056452": "seeing shoulders kind of the key things you're saying all right and I guess the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00132-00056452-00056830": "curiosity been talking about more of us everyday folks is like if you were to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00133-00056830-00057217": "think like what do I need to do to really help everyday athletes and people", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00134-00057217-00057737": "like myself people like you know over 40 you know or you know trying to stay", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00135-00057737-00058066": "strong trying to work out whether they're doing CrossFit or you know home", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00136-00058066-00058427": "exercise or whatever they're doing like is there something that you really feel", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00137-00058427-00058777": "passionate if everyone did every day they would they would be healthier", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00138-00058777-00059162": "absolutely I mean I'll preface that that answer with we didn't have one major", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00139-00059162-00059608": "injury on a rugby team this year the CLC was because I think we had one broken", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00140-00059608-00059966": "phone and that was an emotion major injury that we had all season", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00141-00059966-00060280": "let's huge congratulations to you looking after those guys that won't say", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00142-00060280-00060741": "it's it's more of me just nagging them on this stuff", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00143-00060741-00061228": "yeah just purchasing a little crossbow to three dollars and putting it on tight", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00144-00061228-00061699": "areas of your body like any muscle you can I say if you can do that once a day", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00145-00061699-00062113": "in a tight area you're gonna improve that area after a week just being", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00146-00062113-00062428": "consistent with that is massive yeah I couldn't agree more", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00147-00062428-00062791": "yeah so a little crossbow and just bring your joint to a full range of motion I", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00148-00062791-00063190": "like to use functional range conditioning and cars specifically", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00149-00063190-00063680": "controlled articular rotations and controlled joint rotation cycles", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00150-00063680-00064092": "bringing your joint through a full range of motion in it stimulates the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00151-00064092-00064528": "proprioceptors in your joint capsule yeah because they're only engaged when", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00152-00064528-00064912": "they're at and ranges so if you constantly push that and range day after", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00153-00064912-00065269": "day eventually you're gonna build a range of motion that is one sustainable", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00154-00065269-00065647": "and to its full if you have a full range of motion you have full capacity to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00155-00065647-00066004": "actually move if you have full capacity move on performance just increases from", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00156-00066004-00066409": "there I love that and how simple is that thank you I mean you don't have mutiny", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00157-00066409-00066673": "you don't need any special equipment no twenty minutes a day", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00158-00066673-00067048": "twenty minutes a day let's take everything through full movement and you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00159-00067048-00067702": "know everyone knows I'm a massive foam roller nag for years in fact for those", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00160-00067702-00068032": "of you watching I am teaching formerly tonight little plug 6:30", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00161-00068032-00068551": "um and lacrosse smaller but immunities it's it seems like too simple you know", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00162-00068551-00068848": "you look at someone like yourself who's like you know you're working on high", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00163-00068848-00069583": "level athletes right and basic really basic principles very bit your joint and", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00164-00069583-00069973": "all ranges of motion hmm loosen up your tight muscles don't let them in don't", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00165-00069973-00070312": "let those muscles get ahead of you to it right I mean should be working your body", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00166-00070312-00070669": "really hard it's like working hard to maintain your flexibility and your", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00167-00070669-00071161": "muscles not letting that junk build up it's just I just think it's huge I mean", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00168-00071161-00071371": "if you're only trying to keep the flexibility in a certain range", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00169-00071371-00071806": "neglecting right so just move through that full range of motion", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00170-00071806-00072106": "ya don't necessarily be worried about like oh I want to do a splits and do", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00171-00072106-00072685": "just the splits work everything else so I think today actually dr. Lee is gonna", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00172-00072685-00073072": "be doing some some filming for us and hopefully maybe you'll share some of", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00173-00073072-00073348": "that with us yeah and what we will do is we're gonna", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00174-00073348-00073744": "put it out on the daily exercises on on Tuesdays this will put out some tips", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00175-00073744-00074110": "from dr. dr. Leon just some of the stuff you're talking about because yeah you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00176-00074110-00074395": "know I know it's simple but I think a lot of it more like what does that mean", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00177-00074395-00074884": "foliage you know so so that'll be really really useful okay so that's easy so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00178-00074884-00075424": "great tip so far what about um kind of so key takeaway would be really that you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00179-00075424-00076027": "moving your joints to full range every day keep your muscles loose and then any", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00180-00076027-00076318": "other magic going to share with us through this Facebook live or would you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00181-00076318-00076705": "rather just have people come in and see you oh yeah there's two easy things that", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00182-00076705-00076975": "everybody can do one just be hydrated yeah", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00183-00076975-00077449": "ninety-nine percent of your body by volume is water yeah it's so many", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00184-00077449-00077890": "percents when you factor in all the other substances and molecules in the", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00185-00077890-00078535": "body but 99 percent of your body if you were to pick off a piece of skin so yeah", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00186-00078535-00078946": "you want then you want water constantly throughout the day yeah I know that's so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00187-00078946-00079246": "important to dr. Bruce's that's his big thing too yeah you know he's always", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00188-00079246-00079591": "drink water drink water that was his first psyching video that he did for us", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00189-00079591-00079900": "was drink water that's like one of the main things we press with our athlete", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00190-00079900-00080317": "sets you will say yes I think that's what's helped us win the national", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00191-00080317-00080650": "championship this year yeah just them staying on their recovery", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00192-00080650-00081148": "and just maintained maintaining that level of health what they need so do you", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00193-00081148-00081496": "have a nutritionist that works with rock and we don't have any nutritionist yet", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00194-00081496-00081967": "not an official capacity yeah we have had some people come and speak with them", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00195-00081967-00082480": "give some tips and the guys are always asking and yeah the cool thing about", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00196-00082480-00082765": "them is that they always want to learn so they're looking for reading material", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00197-00082765-00083206": "which we provide them and just kind of work together as a team rather than", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00198-00083206-00083686": "having specific treatment plans and eating plans yeah so water and beer yeah", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00199-00083686-00084619": "definitely a deer watering unit right yeah that's your favorite thing to drink", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00200-00084619-00085180": "awesome so um so dr filiz gonna start with us here at head-to-toe august 1st", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00201-00085180-00085735": "which is not very long from now actually about two weeks yeah yeah he's gonna be", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00202-00085735-00086180": "working Mondays Tuesdays and Thursdays the rest of the time he's committed to", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00203-00086180-00086717": "the team which is awesome but we'll get him for some days anyway he's right now", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00204-00086717-00087053": "working on we're climbing through the insurance ladders and all that sort of", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00205-00087053-00087416": "good stuff so but within not too much time he should be ready to roll", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00206-00087416-00087829": "so um kind of me booking a plane with him and learned some of this new", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00207-00087829-00088160": "fantastic stuff that you're gonna be teaching with the functional", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00208-00088160-00088454": "reconditioning I'm excited that to the office things would be great great for", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00209-00088454-00088862": "everybody really so and then watch out for his tips we'll come on and I think", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00210-00088862-00089207": "hopefully the next couple Tuesday's so they're putting a few out on video so", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00211-00089207-00089633": "anything where you're mad yeah I'm just excited to be here a head to toe can't", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00212-00089633-00089984": "wait for you guys to come on it yeah all right our great day everybody", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00213-00089984-00090262": "thank you guys", "b-9zeIUVS5U-00214-00090575-00090781": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "b-xteTf32xk", "text": {"b-xteTf32xk-00000-00000039-00000224": "Sadhguru: For all of you young people,", "b-xteTf32xk-00001-00000224-00000824": "to whatever extent you can, whichever way you can,", "b-xteTf32xk-00002-00000824-00001604": "you can walk around in Chennai, you can cycle across small villages around,", "b-xteTf32xk-00003-00001604-00002298": "if you can motorcycle across Tamil Nadu, you can drive, you can go by bus, you can go by train,", "b-xteTf32xk-00004-00002298-00002416": "whichever way.", "b-xteTf32xk-00005-00002416-00002890": "I want you to gather yourself into small groups of one, two or five or ten", "b-xteTf32xk-00006-00002890-00003310": "and do your own little rally across Tamil Nadu.", "b-xteTf32xk-00007-00003310-00003778": "The rally is not a thirty day flirtation.", "b-xteTf32xk-00008-00003778-00004152": "The rally is a lifelong love affair for me.", "b-xteTf32xk-00009-00004152-00004914": "So, if the nation has to respond as we want the nation to respond, Tamil Nadu should be on fire.", "b-xteTf32xk-00010-00004914-00005166": "It’s your business to keep it on fire.", "b-xteTf32xk-00011-00005166-00006000": "Sounds of Isha Music - Sanskrit Song - Nadi Stuti…"}}, {"audio_id": "b-z5AMxvaek", "text": {"b-z5AMxvaek-00000-00002184-00002496": "Welcome to a short lesson on learning theories.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00001-00002896-00003384": "Constructivism developed partially in response to the previous two theories,", "b-z5AMxvaek-00002-00003384-00004024": "emphasizes the role of an individual in making sense of the world. An understanding emerged,", "b-z5AMxvaek-00003-00004024-00004624": "that people cannot be programmed as robots to react to a stimulus in the same way every time.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00004-00004680-00005352": "And that the mind has an important role in how people behave when they learn. Constructivist", "b-z5AMxvaek-00005-00005352-00006040": "approaches are related to two key perspectives. One is Jean Piaget's cognitive constructivism.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00006-00006096-00006680": "Focused on how an individual understands the world in terms of biological developmental faces.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00007-00006768-00007416": "The other is Leva Vygotsky's social constructivism, stressing that meaning and understanding emerge", "b-z5AMxvaek-00008-00007416-00008159": "from social interaction. Constructivism emphasizes that a learner should be actively involved in", "b-z5AMxvaek-00009-00008159-00008904": "a mutual endeavor with a teacher and peers in order to construct meaning. An individual", "b-z5AMxvaek-00010-00008904-00009512": "learns by constructing their own understanding and knowledge about the world through experience and", "b-z5AMxvaek-00011-00009512-00010248": "reflection through asking questions, independent investigation and interaction with others. The", "b-z5AMxvaek-00012-00010248-00010864": "key principles of constructivism include active learning, learning by doing, scaffolded", "b-z5AMxvaek-00013-00010864-00011384": "learning and collaborative learning present in different teaching and learning approaches.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00014-00011800-00012424": "Humanism takes into account the capabilities and potentials of individuals, and emphasizes", "b-z5AMxvaek-00015-00012424-00013256": "their control and self-awareness. It considers an individual as a whole, including behaviors, thoughts", "b-z5AMxvaek-00016-00013256-00013808": "and feelings. It is based on the idea that people are eager to learn, and", "b-z5AMxvaek-00017-00013808-00014304": "learners find learning relevant if they believe it will personally enhance them.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00018-00014424-00014968": "Learning is a means of self-actualization and development of personal potentials.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00019-00015063-00015591": "Learners need control of the learning process, which should be based on observation", "b-z5AMxvaek-00020-00015591-00016263": "and investigation. Learning requires active participation combined with self-evaluation.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00021-00016376-00017032": "The primary task of a teacher is to be a facilitator, encouraging learners setting up", "b-z5AMxvaek-00022-00017032-00017560": "atmosphere leading to successful learning and helping learners clarify their goals.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00023-00017688-00018200": "Humanistic principles include demonstrating a positive attitude towards learners,", "b-z5AMxvaek-00024-00018272-00018896": "separating learners from their actions, encouraging learners personal development by providing", "b-z5AMxvaek-00025-00018896-00019456": "choices and possibilities and supporting learners with resources and encouragement.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00026-00019544-00020160": "The most important representatives of humanism are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00027-00020600-00021272": "Connectivism is a more recent approach, focused on understanding learning in digital age. And", "b-z5AMxvaek-00028-00021272-00021808": "its founders, at the beginning of the 21st century, were George Siemens and Stephen", "b-z5AMxvaek-00029-00021808-00022456": "Downes. It is based on the idea that learning and knowledge lie in the diversity of options.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00030-00022528-00023104": "Learning is the process of connecting information. And it is seen as actionable knowledge.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00031-00023192-00023784": "It can reside inside but also outside of people for example in databases.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00032-00023896-00024432": "According to the connectivist perspective, capacity to know is more important than", "b-z5AMxvaek-00033-00024432-00025072": "what we currently know. And what is crucial is to recognize the difference between important", "b-z5AMxvaek-00034-00025072-00025783": "and unimportant information. The key skill is to see connections between fields, ideas", "b-z5AMxvaek-00035-00025783-00026568": "and concepts. Decision making is a learning process itself, and choosing what to learn", "b-z5AMxvaek-00036-00026568-00027072": "and the meaning of information are seen from the perspective of changing reality.", "b-z5AMxvaek-00037-00027480-00027968": "How we teach depends on what we teach, so we won't teach facts", "b-z5AMxvaek-00038-00027968-00028536": "concepts and problem solving in the same way. Therefore we should remember that from", "b-z5AMxvaek-00039-00028536-00029183": "each of the mentioned theories we can learn and apply something in our teaching practice."}}, {"audio_id": "b-KfrXClRhU", "text": {"b-KfrXClRhU-00000-00000091-00000496": "We are asked to describe the inequality x greater than or equal to negative five using", "b-KfrXClRhU-00001-00000496-00000729": "interval notation and a graph.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00002-00000729-00001086": "Let's actually first graph the interval and then from the graph, we'll write the interval", "b-KfrXClRhU-00003-00001086-00001330": "notation.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00004-00001330-00001848": "Because we have x greater than or equal to negative five, negative five is in the interval", "b-KfrXClRhU-00005-00001848-00001952": "or is part of the solution.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00006-00001952-00002585": "So we make a closed circle or closed point on negative five.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00007-00002585-00003025": "Because it is x greater than or equal to negative five, we draw an arrow to the right where", "b-KfrXClRhU-00008-00003025-00003268": "values are greater than negative five.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00009-00003268-00003435": "So here is the graph.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00010-00003435-00004089": "Now for interval notation, we approach positive infinity to the right, negative infinity to", "b-KfrXClRhU-00011-00004089-00004251": "the left.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00012-00004251-00004728": "So because our interval is all real numbers greater than or equal to negative five, we", "b-KfrXClRhU-00013-00004728-00005085": "are going to have negative five comma infinity.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00014-00005085-00005685": "Then because negative five is in the interval, we make a square bracket to the left of negative", "b-KfrXClRhU-00015-00005685-00006072": "five indicating the end point is included.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00016-00006072-00006480": "Then for infinity and negative infinity, we always use rounded parentheses.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00017-00006480-00007095": "So we have a closed parenthesis to the right of infinity.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00018-00007095-00007603": "Now we have the inequality as a graph and using interval notation.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00019-00007603-00007736": "Let's look at a second example.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00020-00007736-00008265": "Here we want to describe the inequality x less than two, again using interval notation", "b-KfrXClRhU-00021-00008265-00008397": "and a graph.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00022-00008397-00008701": "Let's first graph the interval.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00023-00008701-00009334": "Because x is less than two, not less than or equal to two, two is not in the interval", "b-KfrXClRhU-00024-00009334-00009749": "so we make an open circle or open point on two.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00025-00009749-00010297": "Because it is x less than two, we draw an arrow to the left where values are less than", "b-KfrXClRhU-00026-00010297-00010397": "two.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00027-00010397-00010579": "This is the graph of the interval.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00028-00010579-00011089": "Now for interval notation, to the left we approach negative infinity, to the right positive", "b-KfrXClRhU-00029-00011089-00011227": "infinity.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00030-00011227-00011995": "So for interval notation, we'll have negative infinity comma two to begin.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00031-00011995-00012331": "For infinity and negative infinity, we always us a round parenthesis.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00032-00012331-00012841": "We have an open parenthesis to the left and to the right of two, because two is not in", "b-KfrXClRhU-00033-00012841-00013153": "the interval, we also use a rounded parenthesis.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00034-00013153-00013454": "So we have a closed parenthesis to the right of two.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00035-00013454-00013944": "We now have the inequality using interval notation and as a graph.", "b-KfrXClRhU-00036-00013944-00014047": "I hope you found this helpful."}}, {"audio_id": "b_3gvu47Aeo", "text": {"b_3gvu47Aeo-00000-00000000-00000050": "This is how you can make decorative flowers from mask."}}, {"audio_id": "b_-nWuyoRx8", "text": {"b_-nWuyoRx8-00000-00000000-00000200": "(this video is instrumental music only)"}}, {"audio_id": "b_AL0kMsUtA", "text": {"b_AL0kMsUtA-00000-00000567-00001473": "She showcased her post-partum figure on  earlier this week, flaunting her 28lbs weight loss just ten days after giving birth to her son.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00001-00001590-00002674": "And Emma Mcvey's boyfriend Gary Beadle stood up for the 25-year-old after she was deluged with comments from angry parents who labelled her as 'attention seeking' and 'shallow'.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00002-00002791-00004160": "The Geordie Shore star, 29, shocked with his comments, however, as he branded new mums who can't lose their baby weight as 'lazy' in the furious tirade, saying it was their fault for gorging on 'takeaways and pizza.'", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00003-00004277-00005166": "Scroll down for video  According to The Sun, Gary hit back at comments on Emma's post before she was forced to hide them altogether.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00004-00005283-00006551": "He wrote: 'All the negative comments are coming from people who when pregnant used the excuse to eat everything under the sun because they were (eating for 2) had a kid then realised s**t I can't shift this weight...", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00005-00006668-00007828": "'No one is saying bad stuff to you for feeding your baby unhealthy s**t throughout your pregnancy (take aways, chocolate, pizza) yet you hate on someone eating healthy throw there's", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00006-00007945-00008580": "Jesus.' He added: 'Women I will never understand you have all lost the plot..", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00007-00008697-00009596": "and it's easy to lose that weight etc.' 'It's called not being lazy and doing something about it but if commenting on here makes you feel better then crack on", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00008-00009713-00010341": "Rant over.'  MailOnline has contacted Gaz's representatives for comment", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00009-00010458-00011354": "The model, who shares son Chester Raymond with Gaz, took to  on Thursday to show off her flat stomach as she  her diet secrets", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00010-00011471-00012197": "Flaunting her abs in a black crop top and leggings, the new mother looked serene as she cuddled up to her newborn", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00011-00012314-00013041": "'I gained a total of 28lbs which was a good amount of weight for me and Chester who was 6lbs2", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00012-00013159-00014221": "You all had so many questions about the shakes I posted and had throughout my pregnancy so I've decided to start sharing my journey with you alongside my healthy meals and snacks!'", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00013-00014338-00014759": "Emma stressed: 'THIS IS NOT A SHAKE ONLY DIET", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00014-00014876-00015924": "I specifically had shakes for the nutrients and energy they gave me and of course the fat loss ones because who doesn't want to get back to their original shape after pregnancy?!", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00015-00016041-00016978": "She added: 'SAFE WHILST BREASTFEEDING' During her pregnancy, Emma was forced to hit out claims that she was unhealthy owing to her modest baby bump", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00016-00017095-00017900": "The pretty brunette  that even hospital staff were 'shocked' by the size of her baby bump as she went in for last minute check-ups", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00017-00018017-00019139": "The lingerie model  the details of a recent baby appointment, telling OK! magazine: 'The staff couldn't believe how small my bump was compared to the size of the baby.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00018-00019256-00019929": "'They were really shocked But mainly they just told me he's growing well and everything's looking really healthy.'", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00019-00020046-00021125": "Gaz and Emma began dating in August 2016, but they briefly split in May 2017 after she branded him a 'cheat and liar', before they rekindled again.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00020-00021242-00022131": "The reality star quit raucous MTV show Geordie Shore ahead of Series 16 to focus on his family and take fatherhood seriously.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00021-00022248-00023017": "Gaz told MTV: 'After 15 seasons of Geordie Shore, obviously I have decided to leave", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00022-00023134-00023589": "I cannot be on Geordie Shore and be a dad at the same time.", "b_AL0kMsUtA-00023-00023706-00024847": "'I've done Geordie Shore, I've done everything I could possibly imagine doing on Geordie Shore and now I'm just ready for that next chapter in my life and to be honest with you, I cannot wait.'"}}, {"audio_id": "bAniCXNXblA", "text": {"bAniCXNXblA-00000-00000000-00000172": "You remember this video?", "bAniCXNXblA-00001-00000172-00000488": "Yeah, it's completely garbage, so  let's make a new one instead. :)", "bAniCXNXblA-00002-00000488-00000896": "I created a video about a year ago called: \"How Do I Make My Videos\".", "bAniCXNXblA-00003-00000896-00001226": "That specific video talked about my creative process when it comes to YouTube", "bAniCXNXblA-00004-00001226-00001392": "(which hasn't changed all that much).", "bAniCXNXblA-00005-00001392-00001634": "Now, since I've learned A LOT in a year,", "bAniCXNXblA-00006-00001634-00001918": "I figured I would share some of this information with some of YOU", "bAniCXNXblA-00007-00001918-00002136": "*aspiring* Youtubers.", "bAniCXNXblA-00008-00002136-00002296": "If you don't care about that,", "bAniCXNXblA-00009-00002340-00002540": "well...    um...", "bAniCXNXblA-00010-00002680-00003002": "Check out my \"collaborations playlist\", since I'm always posting stuff there. :)", "bAniCXNXblA-00011-00003002-00003361": "Eight things: \"Behind The Scenes Maintenance\",  \"First Impressions\", \"Playlists\",", "bAniCXNXblA-00012-00003361-00003614": "\"Collaborations\", \"Captions\", \"Distribution\",", "bAniCXNXblA-00013-00003614-00003834": "\"Consistency\", and \"Something To Remember\".", "bAniCXNXblA-00014-00003834-00004278": "The very first thing you should do is go to your channel and press the 'gear' right there. (Please!)", "bAniCXNXblA-00015-00004278-00004628": "This gives you the ability to customize your channel to its FULL potential.", "bAniCXNXblA-00016-00004628-00004946": "\"Channel Keywords\"  are also another HUGE important thing.", "bAniCXNXblA-00017-00004946-00005410": "You know that annoying thing when you type in Jimmy's sick \"Call of Duty Quickscopes\" channel", "bAniCXNXblA-00018-00005410-00005756": "(that was recorded on a potato), but you just can't find it", "bAniCXNXblA-00019-00005756-00006124": "when you type in \"hEYiTZyAbOIjIMMY\"  into the YouTube search?", "bAniCXNXblA-00020-00006124-00006298": "It's because 1.)", "bAniCXNXblA-00021-00006298-00006512": "Call of Duty is so saturated on YouTube!", "bAniCXNXblA-00022-00006516-00007092": "W-What did you expect? *sinister voice* It's because \"Jimmy\" didn't take the time to add \"Channel Keywords\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00023-00007092-00007320": "so that way his friend can find his video!", "bAniCXNXblA-00024-00007320-00007568": "*sound effects from obsessed gameplay*", "bAniCXNXblA-00025-00007568-00007708": "*regular voice* Oh, Jimmy...", "bAniCXNXblA-00026-00007708-00007984": "*crowd laughs* & *Jimmy shrugs*", "bAniCXNXblA-00027-00007994-00008402": "Oh! Did you know that I have links on my banner? No?", "bAniCXNXblA-00028-00008564-00008646": "Understandable.", "bAniCXNXblA-00029-00008646-00008854": "Although they aren't EXTREMELY noticeable,", "bAniCXNXblA-00030-00008854-00009010": "They're a MUST to set up.", "bAniCXNXblA-00031-00009010-00009418": "Here you can set up links to your social media, website, and/or crowdfunding sites!", "bAniCXNXblA-00032-00009418-00009566": "patreon.com/mastereth", "bAniCXNXblA-00033-00009566-00009926": "You know how your mom always told you to make a good first impression?", "bAniCXNXblA-00034-00009926-00010256": "Well, today: MasterEth is your mom.", "bAniCXNXblA-00035-00010256-00010765": "On YouTube, first impressions are THE most important thing when it comes to a possible new subscriber.", "bAniCXNXblA-00036-00010766-00011006": "This is why I put my best content up front,", "bAniCXNXblA-00037-00011006-00011188": "to put my best foot forward.", "bAniCXNXblA-00038-00011188-00011556": "When a new possible \"subby\" stumbles across this desert known as \"the internet\",", "bAniCXNXblA-00039-00011556-00011690": "they first see your channel trailer.", "bAniCXNXblA-00040-00011690-00011978": "Oh, what's that? Jimmy doesn't have a channel trailer?", "bAniCXNXblA-00041-00011978-00012400": "Well too bad for him, he just lost an opportunity to bump up a meaningless number by an addition of one!", "bAniCXNXblA-00042-00012400-00012587": "All he had to do was make a little, little,", "bAniCXNXblA-00043-00012588-00012844": "short video explaining the \"what\" and the \"why\" of his channel.", "bAniCXNXblA-00044-00012844-00013074": "*snoring* [censored remark of frustration at Jimmy]", "bAniCXNXblA-00045-00013080-00013591": "*sinister voice* Since Jimmy is literally INCAPABLE of doing ANYTHING right,", "bAniCXNXblA-00046-00013591-00013984": "*regular voice* I suggested that he set up the front of his channel as follows:", "bAniCXNXblA-00047-00013984-00014332": "\"Channel Trailer\", \"Best Videos Playlist\", \"Uploads\", \"Popular Uploads\",", "bAniCXNXblA-00048-00014332-00014602": "\"Collaborations\", and then from there any other playlists you want.", "bAniCXNXblA-00049-00014602-00014902": "If you're the kind of guy who has four different channels that you're active on,", "bAniCXNXblA-00050-00014902-00015432": "you can actually add playlists from other channels to your channel (which is *really* nice).", "bAniCXNXblA-00051-00015432-00015822": "For example, I have my \"Vlogs\", \"Cool Dude Videos\", \"Podcasts\", and \"Livestreams\" playlists", "bAniCXNXblA-00052-00015822-00016144": "on my channel near the bottom to attempt to drive traffic to other channels.", "bAniCXNXblA-00053-00016146-00016458": "Speaking of playlists, these are some that you should add to your channel:", "bAniCXNXblA-00054-00016458-00016864": "\"Best Videos\" playlist, \"Collaborations\" playlist, and some playlist titled by year.", "bAniCXNXblA-00055-00016864-00017174": "A \"Best Videos\" playlist because you want people to see your BEST work", "bAniCXNXblA-00056-00017174-00017442": "and not a video that you made a year ago that you", "bAniCXNXblA-00057-00017486-00017716": "*absolutely* HATE.", "bAniCXNXblA-00058-00017716-00018170": "A \"Collaborations\" playlist so that way everybody can see all of the collaborations you've been a part of so far,", "bAniCXNXblA-00059-00018170-00018660": "and lastly a playlist by year so that way you can see how much you've progressed (over the years).", "bAniCXNXblA-00060-00018660-00018912": "One of the main ways to gain subscribers is to collaborate...", "bAniCXNXblA-00061-00018912-00019058": "Just like I've done!", "bAniCXNXblA-00062-00019058-00019532": "My advice is to find like-minded people like you and also to find people in your niche.", "bAniCXNXblA-00063-00019534-00019754": "There are some people who say,", "bAniCXNXblA-00064-00019754-00020194": "\"Don't collaborate with them unless they have the same amount of subscribers as you.\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00065-00020194-00020548": "To which I say, \"If you both create *great* content,", "bAniCXNXblA-00066-00020548-00020776": "and you really want to collaborate with each other,", "bAniCXNXblA-00067-00020776-00021106": "and the ONLY thing that's stopping you is sub count,", "bAniCXNXblA-00068-00021106-00021278": "just collaborate with them!\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00069-00021278-00021580": "I've mostly collaborated with people that have less subscribers than me,", "bAniCXNXblA-00070-00021582-00021770": "and I do this for multiple reasons:", "bAniCXNXblA-00071-00021770-00022400": "1.) If I see true passion and potential in a fellow YouTube creator, I want to support them any way I can.", "bAniCXNXblA-00072-00022400-00022656": "2.) Even if I don't gain a single subscriber,", "bAniCXNXblA-00073-00022656-00023044": "It's still exposure for my channel and helps get my name out there on YouTube.", "bAniCXNXblA-00074-00023044-00023268": "Reputation is key in the YouTube community.", "bAniCXNXblA-00075-00023268-00023514": "You know who DOESN'T have a good reputation?", "bAniCXNXblA-00076-00023634-00023848": "Auto-generated captions on YouTube.", "bAniCXNXblA-00077-00023848-00024188": "This is why I suggest adding manual captions to your videos.", "bAniCXNXblA-00078-00024188-00024638": "To be honest, I haven't done this a lot (like, once)", "bAniCXNXblA-00079-00024638-00024938": "but the video I DID do it on got a lot of views, so...", "bAniCXNXblA-00080-00024948-00025102": "I guess I should do it more often.", "bAniCXNXblA-00081-00025102-00025420": "When you add captions to videos, you're giving Google more information,", "bAniCXNXblA-00082-00025420-00025892": "so that way when somebody types in, say,  \"how to survive Valentine's Day\",", "bAniCXNXblA-00083-00025892-00026172": "there's a WAY better chance of your video ranking higher in the search.", "bAniCXNXblA-00084-00026177-00026472": "Alright, MasterEth, are you done acting like you know everything?", "bAniCXNXblA-00085-00026472-00026620": "No.", "bAniCXNXblA-00086-00026620-00026808": "I am not done, but thank you for asking! ;)", "bAniCXNXblA-00087-00026808-00026945": "\"DISTRIBUTION\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00088-00026945-00027383": "Once you post your video, you should be spending hours and hours promoting it on different sites,", "bAniCXNXblA-00089-00027383-00027788": "but NOT in a \"spammy\" way that'll make everyone, including your dog Scruffles, hate you.", "bAniCXNXblA-00090-00027788-00028154": "I recommend joining a bunch of YouTube Facebook groups, YouTube forums,", "bAniCXNXblA-00091-00028155-00028514": "and if the topic that you're talking about is very specific, like say,", "bAniCXNXblA-00092-00028558-00028924": "\"HIVESWAP\", I would go to some reddit forms about \"hiveswap\" and post it there.", "bAniCXNXblA-00093-00028924-00029156": "If you're serious about YouTube,", "bAniCXNXblA-00094-00029216-00029474": "CONSISTENCY is *TOP*,", "bAniCXNXblA-00095-00029483-00029745": "and I'm talking about *TOP* priority.", "bAniCXNXblA-00096-00029745-00029948": "If you say you're going to post weekly,", "bAniCXNXblA-00097-00029948-00030160": "people EXPECT YOU to post weekly.", "bAniCXNXblA-00098-00030445-00030720": "For me, every two weeks works, and that's for multiple reasons", "bAniCXNXblA-00099-00030720-00030989": "such as work, school, and other creative projects,", "bAniCXNXblA-00100-00030989-00031383": "such as podcasts, vlogs, and other content  on my extra channel.", "bAniCXNXblA-00101-00031383-00031764": "Find a schedule that works for you personally  and *stick to it*.", "bAniCXNXblA-00102-00031764-00031964": "I'll leave you with this last thought: *clears throat*", "bAniCXNXblA-00103-00032082-00032414": "\"Passion\", \"Progress\", and \"Patience\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00104-00032450-00032794": "Be truly passionate about what you create.", "bAniCXNXblA-00105-00032794-00032966": "If you aren't, who will be?", "bAniCXNXblA-00106-00033040-00033486": "Make progress with your channel, and improve with every single video you create.", "bAniCXNXblA-00107-00033538-00033786": "Be patient, always.", "bAniCXNXblA-00108-00033862-00034224": "This is a very long journey.", "bAniCXNXblA-00109-00034598-00034978": "Thank you for watching, everybody. If you're new here, please subscribe and press that bell,", "bAniCXNXblA-00110-00034978-00035258": "and I will see you later, so, \"BYE!\"", "bAniCXNXblA-00111-00035258-00035670": "These captions were transcribed by Jaichbinhier.", "bAniCXNXblA-00112-00035670-00036082": "MasterEth HIGHLY recommends turning on community contributions of captions for your videos", "bAniCXNXblA-00113-00036082-00036434": "(but he didn't have time to talk about that in this video)."}}, {"audio_id": "bAIDGaZo6QY", "text": {"bAIDGaZo6QY-00000-00000066-00000570": "In this video we'll show you how to set up a category in SuperOffice service.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00001-00000616-00001410": "Categories and sub-categories will help you group different kinds of enquiries, tickets or requests as we call them in service.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00002-00001454-00001888": "You will be able to provide fast and professional service for all your customers.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00003-00001942-00002148": "Let us walk you through the essentials.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00004-00002210-00002722": "Adding or changing categories is done by users with administrators rights.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00005-00002758-00003402": "You can access the administrator page by clicking on the System Settings button in the top-right corner.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00006-00003434-00003770": "This button is only visible a for administrators.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00007-00003818-00004098": "In the drop down menu click on categories.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00008-00004176-00004838": "Service comes predefined in three main categories administration sale and support.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00009-00004910-00005334": "Use them as they are, adjust them if needed or create new ones.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00010-00005410-00005906": "The default mailbox is set up to create requests in this support category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00011-00005906-00006488": "In this example you see it that the categories administration and support have a plus sign.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00012-00006542-00006926": "This indicates that they have one or more subcategories.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00013-00006973-00007478": "Here you see that support a sub categories first-line and 2nd line support.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00014-00007514-00007970": "If you want to create a new category click on the new category button.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00015-00007994-00008386": "In the Properties tab fill out the following information:", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00016-00008416-00008794": "In the Name field entered a descriptive name for the category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00017-00008828-00009348": "In this case we will create a new sub category for technical support requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00018-00009374-00009942": "In the external name field into the category name you want to display to the customer.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00019-00010006-00010742": "In the field subcategory of select the parent category of which this category is a subcategory.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00020-00010820-00011278": "We choose to put technical under support category administrator.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00021-00011328-00011746": "Select who is to be responsible for their requests in this category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00022-00011772-00011862": "Internal.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00023-00011888-00012588": "If you click this box here the category will be hidden from customers and displayed only to request handlers.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00024-00012682-00012938": "Show category instead in status view.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00025-00012986-00013513": "If you click here this category will be displayed under status on the homepage.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00026-00013634-00013832": "Only members have access.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00027-00013847-00014363": "If you click here the category will only be accessible to members of the category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00028-00014404-00014732": "Send notification to members about new request.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00029-00014782-00015478": "If you click here all members in the category will receive notification of new request in this category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00030-00015538-00015754": "Default status for new request.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00031-00015780-00016276": "Here you can choose the default status to appear in the new request screen.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00032-00016319-00016836": "In the members tab you specify which users are to be members of the category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00033-00016848-00017248": "Select the user in the user list and click on the plus button.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00034-00017248-00018472": "If weighted assignment is selected as assignment method for the request in this category you can use the weighting for each individual user to determine the assignment of new requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00035-00018494-00018950": "The user with the highest weighting will be assigned most requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00036-00018988-00019648": "In the reply template tab select Auto reply you want to be sent for the request in this category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00037-00019750-00020488": "Check apply to sub categories if you want the selected reply template to also be used for any sub categories.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00038-00020498-00020994": "This will not override this setting as they are set up in this subcategory.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00039-00021022-00021486": "Here's an example often are a reply for the default support category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00040-00021590-00022146": "In the assignment method to add you can choose how request or assigned to your request handlers.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00041-00022188-00022428": "There are four assignment methods.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00042-00022474-00023004": "Even assignment assigns request evenly among the members of the category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00043-00023018-00023666": "Weighted assignment signs request based on the weighing specified for members of the category.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00044-00023666-00024008": "The weighing system can be explained by an example.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00045-00024008-00025058": "If Service agent Anna has a weighing of one, agent Thomas has a weighing of two, and a very skilled and effective Catherine has weighing 5", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00046-00025122-00025950": "then over the course of eight requests each of these agents will be assigned with the number of request as they're weighing indicates.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00047-00025992-00026480": "It is also possible to choose users with fewer open request.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00048-00026504-00027120": "This way new request are assigned to the category member who has the fewest active requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00049-00027376-00028076": "Do not assign does not assign request to specific users but puts all requests in an unassigned request queue under requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00050-00028076-00028694": "This option may invite agents to avoid picking difficult or time-consuming requests.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00051-00028836-00029616": "After choosing the assignment method and properties that fit you best click OK and then the category is created.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00052-00029698-00030162": "We have now shown you how to create categories in SuperOffice Service.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00053-00030194-00030738": "You will be able to provide fast and professional service for all your customers.", "bAIDGaZo6QY-00054-00030744-00031336": "For more information about how to set up service please go to the Help menu in SuperOffice"}}, {"audio_id": "bBra-VF7_JA", "text": {"bBra-VF7_JA-00000-00000102-00000612": "greetings everyone this is Kevin Susan welcome to part three of my learning playthrough", "bBra-VF7_JA-00001-00000714-00001200": "currently I am inside the study hall entrance was the storm whale Castle boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00002-00001272-00001962": "too hard for me I didn't check the main getting balls though I think it's been harder", "bBra-VF7_JA-00003-00002100-00002892": "I will leave it at it and go explore some places maybe there's more way to get stronger", "bBra-VF7_JA-00004-00003144-00003870": "also I have like 25k runs so I don't want to waste it by dying especially in both areas", "bBra-VF7_JA-00005-00003870-00004680": "because horses don't let me retrieve thumb bosses it is Sentinel that's me leave though", "bBra-VF7_JA-00006-00005508-00005856": "I think there might be a boss here too okay there it is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00007-00006192-00006414": "oh his name is perfect", "bBra-VF7_JA-00008-00007950-00008214": "I don't think I can go out there", "bBra-VF7_JA-00009-00008532-00008592": "no no no", "bBra-VF7_JA-00010-00009600-00009684": "ah", "bBra-VF7_JA-00011-00010008-00010392": "come if I do fight with you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00012-00010854-00011166": "press him later foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00013-00012732-00012840": "my God", "bBra-VF7_JA-00014-00013062-00013410": "he's like perfect timed me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00015-00014646-00014772": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00016-00016308-00016536": "give me some time I forgot how to sit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00017-00017388-00017490": "X okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00018-00017718-00017892": "this is how did I forgot that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00019-00018246-00018696": "one of the most important control in times like this because if I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00020-00018696-00019284": "sit I will at least get some cover from his magical arrows look at them", "bBra-VF7_JA-00021-00019752-00020106": "uh he also summons a ton of skeletons", "bBra-VF7_JA-00022-00020316-00020502": "and after I can't rush after him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00023-00020754-00021768": "I just gotta wait I don't I don't want to risk it but my 26 26k runs what did I just do", "bBra-VF7_JA-00024-00023016-00023184": "that was a strike", "bBra-VF7_JA-00025-00023496-00023778": "okay great", "bBra-VF7_JA-00026-00024552-00025446": "I'm playing like a rookie I think I need some practice before trying to fight those boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00027-00026322-00026982": "taking a break really raised my overall play skill helden ring his game is already hard", "bBra-VF7_JA-00028-00026982-00027504": "and if I forget controls like basic controls then it's dead sentence", "bBra-VF7_JA-00029-00027774-00028458": "they like or because why not take this extra 78 damage", "bBra-VF7_JA-00030-00028830-00029280": "yeah asked all your girls and I will go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00031-00029939-00030060": "oh thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00032-00031104-00031116": "thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00033-00031452-00032100": "oh nice he runs somewhere very fast next what I did", "bBra-VF7_JA-00034-00032472-00032880": "but I got his ASP down also he he sucks at closer and combat", "bBra-VF7_JA-00035-00033120-00034050": "but I just gotta go close enough to him that my thought can reach sun is long though only hard", "bBra-VF7_JA-00036-00035406-00036264": "I got it what what where did he", "bBra-VF7_JA-00037-00036672-00036990": "already", "bBra-VF7_JA-00038-00038088-00038202": "are easy", "bBra-VF7_JA-00039-00038490-00038778": "so where did he go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00040-00039288-00039666": "uh let's just go forward I don't know where did it go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00041-00040140-00040386": "I just leave the elevator", "bBra-VF7_JA-00042-00040962-00041106": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00043-00041780-00041880": "[Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00044-00041880-00042126": "if you're wondering about how I got this helmet", "bBra-VF7_JA-00045-00042180-00042702": "it's from a quest I think it was in the fourth eight or something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00046-00043242-00043374": "or what the hell was it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00047-00045672-00046002": "I don't remember writing foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00048-00047208-00047478": "oh there he is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00049-00047742-00047790": "on", "bBra-VF7_JA-00050-00048126-00048210": "it's still here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00051-00048822-00048960": "is the skeletons", "bBra-VF7_JA-00052-00049164-00049854": "oh I don't I don't take a shot of his Arrow those hearts those hearts bad", "bBra-VF7_JA-00053-00050208-00050304": "that was amazing", "bBra-VF7_JA-00054-00051258-00051774": "he's running away every time I try to close the distance between us", "bBra-VF7_JA-00055-00052194-00052578": "you're not gonna give you a chance anymore then how will I kill him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00056-00053604-00054005": "there is it was that figured it out yet", "bBra-VF7_JA-00057-00054966-00055032": "oh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00058-00055920-00056094": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00059-00058782-00059255": "oh now I have no more heels I don't want to take a shot", "bBra-VF7_JA-00060-00059796-00060132": "wow you see", "bBra-VF7_JA-00061-00060576-00060648": "okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00062-00060912-00061320": "I gotta go back I think there is some problem", "bBra-VF7_JA-00063-00062040-00062682": "okay this is a circle and he's teleporting every time I had to close the distance so", "bBra-VF7_JA-00064-00063005-00063084": "look at this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00065-00063372-00063558": "means I can run off from him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00066-00063767-00064284": "also not Ace and let me a distance", "bBra-VF7_JA-00067-00065490-00065640": "that was a bad decision", "bBra-VF7_JA-00068-00066174-00066918": "foreign oh nice I thought I will go to that or to the side upgrade from here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00069-00067152-00067494": "let's pause it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00070-00067896-00068616": "every time I try to save my rooms this game gives me the best best kind of enemies", "bBra-VF7_JA-00071-00068802-00069672": "what best kind of enemies that will get me yeah I will lose all my rooms", "bBra-VF7_JA-00072-00069978-00070536": "don't even feel like I can kill him um any kind of strategy I just had my sword", "bBra-VF7_JA-00073-00071400-00072102": "and a longbow but from that from the starting equipment that that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00074-00072162-00072954": "anyone can get from amurai anyone can get from the samurai as cam is very low", "bBra-VF7_JA-00075-00073200-00073440": "not gonna do anything to", "bBra-VF7_JA-00076-00073746-00073938": "any Hume stop but", "bBra-VF7_JA-00077-00074058-00074718": "I don't have the intelligency to equip it my intelligence is very low nine I need 10.", "bBra-VF7_JA-00078-00075030-00075450": "Nursery scaling his payment variants or", "bBra-VF7_JA-00079-00075720-00076044": "Siri or do I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00080-00076728-00077448": "oh okay gotta go to the spirit of Grace you know change my", "bBra-VF7_JA-00081-00078612-00078684": "residency", "bBra-VF7_JA-00082-00078978-00079398": "those are basically skills for people investing in men", "bBra-VF7_JA-00083-00079896-00080040": "or do I have the faith", "bBra-VF7_JA-00084-00080700-00080826": "basically because", "bBra-VF7_JA-00085-00081468-00081696": "the long runs build which I don't have", "bBra-VF7_JA-00086-00082146-00082206": "everybody", "bBra-VF7_JA-00087-00082344-00082566": "I mean", "bBra-VF7_JA-00088-00082974-00083466": "it was not from Melbourne's then how the Mellow Bill players are doing this boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00089-00084438-00084552": "water down there", "bBra-VF7_JA-00090-00085734-00085812": "by this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00091-00086112-00086532": "like I gotta go back I came from Bell Castle", "bBra-VF7_JA-00092-00086880-00087186": "I know I'm gonna die but I already lost the room", "bBra-VF7_JA-00093-00087468-00087564": "doesn't matter anymore", "bBra-VF7_JA-00094-00088392-00088548": "clip side", "bBra-VF7_JA-00095-00089504-00089604": "[Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00096-00089604-00089910": "I have a falling from the clip", "bBra-VF7_JA-00097-00091022-00091122": "[Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00098-00091122-00091278": "stop blowing your heart", "bBra-VF7_JA-00099-00092274-00092358": "getting ready", "bBra-VF7_JA-00100-00092562-00092682": "I wasn't ready earlier", "bBra-VF7_JA-00101-00093624-00093726": "Archer", "bBra-VF7_JA-00102-00095736-00096630": "you'll remember amazing remember the Trap bird I didn't start there another", "bBra-VF7_JA-00103-00097038-00097308": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00104-00098118-00098190": "there we go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00105-00100110-00100470": "ah it's still took a hit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00106-00100788-00101544": "song ah no no not a long sword it's a close all sword two crowds it attacks", "bBra-VF7_JA-00107-00101544-00102324": "way faster and if you attack while standing that's why I always cry to be attack faster", "bBra-VF7_JA-00108-00102528-00102714": "I think I will just passing at him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00109-00103140-00103356": "it was a back step no it wasn't a step", "bBra-VF7_JA-00110-00103608-00104028": "he'll blow that's right", "bBra-VF7_JA-00111-00104508-00105240": "oh a boss talking about forehand enable that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00112-00106685-00106794": "uh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00113-00107609-00107904": "remember I told you this boss killed me in one hit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00114-00107970-00108761": "forget about that I think I was totally under equipped my gears was very bad so", "bBra-VF7_JA-00115-00108761-00109385": "I died from that boss but this was I just I don't know it was much easier than that match", "bBra-VF7_JA-00116-00109716-00110370": "my God was running away from that seriously", "bBra-VF7_JA-00117-00110609-00111414": "how many days have I been ignoring this boss can't even imagine he's easy boss to be honest", "bBra-VF7_JA-00118-00112061-00112380": "that's okay and at least continue in the Snowman Castle", "bBra-VF7_JA-00119-00113550-00113628": "I mean", "bBra-VF7_JA-00120-00113982-00114659": "let me check my portions used old rusty tea I mean all", "bBra-VF7_JA-00121-00115302-00115944": "seriously it's not letting me take my past something I don't know", "bBra-VF7_JA-00122-00116478-00116556": "thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00123-00117738-00118758": "wait that wasn't a boss for sure that means he's a boss Inc coming soon that's not a", "bBra-VF7_JA-00124-00118758-00119580": "good oh my God I got scared but don't jump scare me like that this isn't a horror game", "bBra-VF7_JA-00125-00120804-00120900": "that's how I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00126-00121164-00121278": "how I take offense", "bBra-VF7_JA-00127-00121685-00122124": "as usual lettering is very beautiful and merciles at the same", "bBra-VF7_JA-00128-00122124-00122706": "at least your death no matter how much level I get to", "bBra-VF7_JA-00129-00123270-00123792": "don't feel like Rush there might be another okay I'm scared waiting for me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00130-00124698-00124968": "maybe for him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00131-00125844-00125982": "those guys aren't really hard", "bBra-VF7_JA-00132-00126185-00126396": "I am for that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00133-00127122-00127259": "this is dark", "bBra-VF7_JA-00134-00127554-00128088": "and see where the Gap is or where the flow is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00135-00128742-00129594": "ah this doesn't fall damage it's not very high so there's no death", "bBra-VF7_JA-00136-00130176-00130530": "I want to go there I think there's some oh yeah there he is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00137-00130788-00130835": "John", "bBra-VF7_JA-00138-00131382-00131526": "string fire great", "bBra-VF7_JA-00139-00131772-00132126": "looks like something good but now it's", "bBra-VF7_JA-00140-00132540-00132738": "forgot about him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00141-00133278-00133338": "in here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00142-00134184-00134238": "I am", "bBra-VF7_JA-00143-00134592-00134700": "how can I get there", "bBra-VF7_JA-00144-00135420-00135618": "thank you thank you very much", "bBra-VF7_JA-00145-00135936-00136668": "oh I'm happy I didn't fall all the way dude all the way down it was even lower", "bBra-VF7_JA-00146-00136920-00137016": "that must fall down", "bBra-VF7_JA-00147-00138006-00138594": "okay well I'll lower it down oh he's really falling all the way down wow", "bBra-VF7_JA-00148-00139632-00139914": "I was trying something okay it didn't work though", "bBra-VF7_JA-00149-00140646-00140802": "the elevator is down", "bBra-VF7_JA-00150-00141222-00141594": "I don't cross eye I need it thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00151-00142170-00142704": "great now I can teleport here anytime I want but I were from a horrible boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00152-00143424-00143874": "you wanna go Miller because that eagle is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00153-00144114-00144174": "to wait", "bBra-VF7_JA-00154-00144606-00145032": "because my headshot didn't die oh no no no no", "bBra-VF7_JA-00155-00145818-00145914": "thankful that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00156-00146118-00146238": "didn't attack anywhere", "bBra-VF7_JA-00157-00146556-00146934": "this clicked and gone to that deal for a second", "bBra-VF7_JA-00158-00147240-00147330": "I'm okay now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00159-00147726-00148548": "which path I have to go I don't go forward for now oh no no that's", "bBra-VF7_JA-00160-00149046-00149484": "right kill another kill the other Eagle for me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00161-00149688-00150108": "that's really nice of you Eagles are dropping battle", "bBra-VF7_JA-00162-00151488-00151500": "thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00163-00152202-00152832": "seagulls are great Omars I just realized they were air striking", "bBra-VF7_JA-00164-00152892-00153132": "without planes so they thought about eagles", "bBra-VF7_JA-00165-00154676-00154776": "[Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00166-00154776-00154794": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00167-00157710-00157728": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00168-00160350-00160884": "those two were actually idiots they should have called Archer before going up", "bBra-VF7_JA-00169-00161130-00161364": "but for me though", "bBra-VF7_JA-00170-00162228-00162714": "pardon right now better ways of rooms get better wait", "bBra-VF7_JA-00171-00163548-00163848": "don't bail Castle confusing places", "bBra-VF7_JA-00172-00164568-00164778": "all right for us", "bBra-VF7_JA-00173-00166200-00166872": "so not this night yeah oh sweet it's a troll", "bBra-VF7_JA-00174-00167484-00167964": "mix well what did I hit it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00175-00168222-00168450": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00176-00172590-00172764": "get this items come down", "bBra-VF7_JA-00177-00173046-00174186": "items oh I I boss that keeps oh there's two", "bBra-VF7_JA-00178-00174420-00174522": "very bad to get", "bBra-VF7_JA-00179-00175284-00175302": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00180-00178482-00178902": "I do it that I can use them pumpkin", "bBra-VF7_JA-00181-00179220-00179730": "it gets a lot of damage oh my God", "bBra-VF7_JA-00182-00180036-00180522": "let's craft it see on the boss we face the first place oh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00183-00180738-00180948": "the walls for some reason", "bBra-VF7_JA-00184-00181362-00181824": "that boss is my nightmare basic today", "bBra-VF7_JA-00185-00182262-00182346": "and it is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00186-00184704-00184902": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00187-00188022-00188040": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00188-00191646-00191730": "honestly", "bBra-VF7_JA-00189-00192054-00192180": "that's why I never leave", "bBra-VF7_JA-00190-00192456-00192648": "that is why I never become", "bBra-VF7_JA-00191-00192864-00193296": "and that is why I can never find out that perceptor or something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00192-00194202-00194682": "oh can I have to die when the party", "bBra-VF7_JA-00193-00195384-00195576": "altered flesh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00194-00197544-00198132": "you need some strength training and stand attack from a closer weapon", "bBra-VF7_JA-00195-00198480-00199254": "what I don't have the key doesn't open from this side okay I will come from the other side then", "bBra-VF7_JA-00196-00199734-00199824": "what is this place", "bBra-VF7_JA-00197-00200352-00200526": "I don't know but", "bBra-VF7_JA-00198-00200724-00201330": "night it doesn't give a good feeling oh okay okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00199-00201630-00202182": "I'm from into this place I was okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00200-00203658-00203922": "forgot my way back but that's it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00201-00205440-00205734": "they have Palace I don't think I should", "bBra-VF7_JA-00202-00205973-00206094": "like a dead trap", "bBra-VF7_JA-00203-00206960-00207078": "[Music] foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00204-00209526-00209676": "I can do this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00205-00211050-00211134": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00206-00214314-00214566": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00207-00215544-00215940": "get in front of them they will probably kill me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00208-00216144-00216576": "I think I'm easily killing them because I came from a clip side", "bBra-VF7_JA-00209-00216576-00217062": "but probably harder from the main gate a guy wasn't lying", "bBra-VF7_JA-00210-00217428-00218592": "it has just got something Stone and finally upgrade this weapon I am amazing reload all those", "bBra-VF7_JA-00211-00218592-00219288": "parties they give me of those meetings don't do then probably I can get it one more level", "bBra-VF7_JA-00212-00219666-00219858": "you'll need likes all right thing", "bBra-VF7_JA-00213-00220278-00220667": "stop giving me golden rules like the most useless thing right now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00214-00220878-00220962": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00215-00223212-00223596": "but if I remember correctly Bells can be", "bBra-VF7_JA-00216-00223973-00224088": "bells are only", "bBra-VF7_JA-00217-00224508-00224669": "I don't remember who is boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00218-00225060-00225210": "need to chill for that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00219-00225569-00226260": "was Thomas meetings don't I don't know if there is even a boss for it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00220-00226500-00227088": "why do I need a bell you came to the account up", "bBra-VF7_JA-00221-00227573-00227898": "I haven't played for like 15 days and I forgot everything", "bBra-VF7_JA-00222-00228336-00228744": "look if you don't want to fight either do I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00223-00229146-00229728": "because I don't have any healing persons that's gonna be everywhere", "bBra-VF7_JA-00224-00230219-00230669": "let me check where I can run and this goes down", "bBra-VF7_JA-00225-00231198-00231588": "okay this looks perfect it doesn't look like it can fit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00226-00232596-00233034": "a lot of countries I'm not afraid of them", "bBra-VF7_JA-00227-00233423-00233934": "dumping on to a barrel is almost impossible in elderly you will destroy it anyway", "bBra-VF7_JA-00228-00234000-00234126": "you're too heavy", "bBra-VF7_JA-00229-00234942-00235019": "he's coming", "bBra-VF7_JA-00230-00237558-00237840": "you just stop there that's even easy", "bBra-VF7_JA-00231-00238169-00239082": "and break the rules thing handbag hi darling a lot today", "bBra-VF7_JA-00232-00239406-00239717": "where is it going come back here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00233-00240012-00240612": "at concrete this disappeared foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00234-00244512-00244950": "look it's fair this is how I kill all the bosses", "bBra-VF7_JA-00235-00245160-00245267": "I got no skill", "bBra-VF7_JA-00236-00245538-00245784": "something about it lose my surrounding", "bBra-VF7_JA-00237-00245921-00246354": "good technique you feel boss those are stronger than me this is not a boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00238-00246762-00246882": "something like an image", "bBra-VF7_JA-00239-00247296-00247500": "there's something inside come on", "bBra-VF7_JA-00240-00247890-00247908": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00241-00248832-00249066": "no thanks I can just play hello", "bBra-VF7_JA-00242-00249588-00249954": "just let me zoom on my jellyfish that's enough for me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00243-00250878-00251502": "I think this is again doesn't open from this side does it open different gate", "bBra-VF7_JA-00244-00251921-00252012": "as time though", "bBra-VF7_JA-00245-00252678-00253271": "last time I just test it I don't guess he generated my flash of him and brilliant", "bBra-VF7_JA-00246-00253638-00253740": "I think there's the boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00247-00254052-00254394": "the morning sign is approved what's coming soon", "bBra-VF7_JA-00248-00255054-00255244": "gonna be awesome [Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00249-00255792-00256398": "let's go this is not a boss I'm not a boss here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00250-00256704-00257016": "look you died into it and never be a boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00251-00257538-00258486": "the definition of the boss is kills you in one hit and you cannot kill it in one hit foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00252-00260436-00260538": "ers", "bBra-VF7_JA-00253-00260867-00261030": "very bad at taking the dance", "bBra-VF7_JA-00254-00261264-00261473": "try to escape friends as much", "bBra-VF7_JA-00255-00262626-00262782": "easy kill them", "bBra-VF7_JA-00256-00263040-00263178": "Now The Siege", "bBra-VF7_JA-00257-00265236-00265308": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00258-00268626-00269100": "just look at me go just I got scared at first", "bBra-VF7_JA-00259-00269628-00270120": "come on I feel like it's even easier to kill them while I'm dismount", "bBra-VF7_JA-00260-00270330-00271008": "Maybe I didn't fight trolls after getting new equipments if that's the reason", "bBra-VF7_JA-00261-00271284-00271758": "are you sure you didn't change your Shield because in last second", "bBra-VF7_JA-00262-00271914-00272370": "look at my shoe and stand attack from a big giant", "bBra-VF7_JA-00263-00272724-00273378": "dismissed when I see it my goals I sold us body", "bBra-VF7_JA-00264-00273798-00274176": "look at the light up gray I'm gonna die soon aren't I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00265-00275394-00275406": "thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00266-00276156-00276790": "what's that is okay that's the NASA's oh what [Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00267-00277764-00277830": "got it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00268-00278580-00278688": "oh my God", "bBra-VF7_JA-00269-00278958-00279738": "dark there's deadly over a lot of them the death trap", "bBra-VF7_JA-00270-00280170-00280452": "the Trap and run where am I", "bBra-VF7_JA-00271-00280722-00280992": "better not around for now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00272-00281814-00282588": "right that skill is not for colossal weapons good to know because I use a closer weapon", "bBra-VF7_JA-00273-00283266-00283422": "9.6 errors", "bBra-VF7_JA-00274-00283686-00283974": "bye bye I'm gonna die", "bBra-VF7_JA-00275-00284472-00284586": "there's no hope", "bBra-VF7_JA-00276-00285258-00287016": "so Mighty dragon they're the true born air blend me thy strength o Kindred delay deliver me tonight", "bBra-VF7_JA-00277-00287370-00287574": "well", "bBra-VF7_JA-00278-00288594-00289206": "feel like I shouldn't have choose this boss what is this first boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00279-00292140-00292356": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00280-00295986-00296622": "not caring about the jellyfish at all it's going for me was clever", "bBra-VF7_JA-00281-00298332-00298434": "what is he doing", "bBra-VF7_JA-00282-00298728-00298950": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00283-00300378-00300756": "that guy is really losing him it's truest of dragons", "bBra-VF7_JA-00284-00301170-00301374": "let me thy strength", "bBra-VF7_JA-00285-00302322-00302406": "what", "bBra-VF7_JA-00286-00302928-00303138": "no way are you kidding me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00287-00303492-00304266": "now I gotta fight elements element is the worst thing I can find as my enemy right now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00288-00304554-00304626": "oh no", "bBra-VF7_JA-00289-00304884-00305730": "there is no way I can do anything about it oh or maybe I can I don't know", "bBra-VF7_JA-00290-00305976-00306384": "oh my God no and I can't do anything this guy that headache", "bBra-VF7_JA-00291-00306588-00306798": "the highest amount of damage I have", "bBra-VF7_JA-00292-00307842-00308040": "oh I I took that hit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00293-00308358-00308424": "I don't know", "bBra-VF7_JA-00294-00309702-00310152": "oh okay okay he's near death I can do this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00295-00310506-00311022": "oh no no no no no that flame plus wind is there's a bad news", "bBra-VF7_JA-00296-00311268-00311286": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00297-00311748-00312174": "oh my God first try it's my first time killing a boss in the first time", "bBra-VF7_JA-00298-00312756-00313404": "bathed in race of gold that was just ran away though without giving me any reward", "bBra-VF7_JA-00299-00313476-00313878": "seriously no My Rewards oh yeah it is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00300-00313878-00314952": "20K runes not bad not bad that's great thank you foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00301-00315582-00315696": "study hall entrance", "bBra-VF7_JA-00302-00315930-00316104": "I will try that so I can level up", "bBra-VF7_JA-00303-00316632-00316764": "I study all entrance", "bBra-VF7_JA-00304-00317496-00318690": "also I will give a second try to that boss is prospector prospector of Marion or something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00305-00318840-00318966": "let's see his name again", "bBra-VF7_JA-00306-00319662-00320352": "study hall entrance was much harder than everything I faced so far in your mail yeah so", "bBra-VF7_JA-00307-00320958-00321138": "I just let's take a portion", "bBra-VF7_JA-00308-00322128-00322464": "right there he's gonna summarize air yeah", "bBra-VF7_JA-00309-00323082-00323196": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00310-00326466-00326808": "First Step perceptor Maria Miriam I think", "bBra-VF7_JA-00311-00327660-00327744": "car one", "bBra-VF7_JA-00312-00327954-00328242": "our machine was up still took the head though", "bBra-VF7_JA-00313-00330972-00331224": "foreign already", "bBra-VF7_JA-00314-00331560-00331650": "near end", "bBra-VF7_JA-00315-00331920-00332094": "I actually lost all my India", "bBra-VF7_JA-00316-00332508-00332604": "that was dumb", "bBra-VF7_JA-00317-00334428-00334446": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00318-00338982-00339114": "run out therefore", "bBra-VF7_JA-00319-00339834-00340200": "infinite Mana we have infinite Mana", "bBra-VF7_JA-00320-00340566-00340722": "that's why faucets are scary", "bBra-VF7_JA-00321-00340962-00340986": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00322-00343752-00343884": "guys brushing up", "bBra-VF7_JA-00323-00344394-00344592": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00324-00347214-00347604": "now dodging my attacks as well for strength combat", "bBra-VF7_JA-00325-00347886-00348300": "that Mage has too much obviously for a match", "bBra-VF7_JA-00326-00350994-00351096": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00327-00352176-00353028": "don't think I can kill that boss he's good at dodging I don't have magics", "bBra-VF7_JA-00328-00353868-00354228": "I will love for him depending or", "bBra-VF7_JA-00329-00354360-00354966": "when he is running all the day teleporting actually it was running I could still get him one", "bBra-VF7_JA-00330-00355194-00355260": "thank you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00331-00355584-00355890": "will attack damage no", "bBra-VF7_JA-00332-00356544-00356610": "a lot", "bBra-VF7_JA-00333-00356928-00357000": "there is", "bBra-VF7_JA-00334-00357300-00357684": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00335-00360318-00360858": "right now to the stairs I mean to the ladder gonna shoot an arrow toward me", "bBra-VF7_JA-00336-00361530-00361620": "now I can go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00337-00364704-00364854": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00338-00365154-00365676": "that creepy place I don't think I can fight him right now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00339-00366576-00367272": "what a bit for some reason I think process percept is perceptor Miriam isn't here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00340-00367512-00367590": "I'd be wrong", "bBra-VF7_JA-00341-00368814-00369030": "oh got him got him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00342-00369246-00369648": "very nice oh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00343-00370176-00370284": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00344-00371322-00371682": "magic downpour got his skill", "bBra-VF7_JA-00345-00371976-00372480": "s for me though I'm a die-hard my little fan", "bBra-VF7_JA-00346-00372912-00373212": "because I'm not good enough for Ryan's combat", "bBra-VF7_JA-00347-00373950-00374028": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00348-00375648-00375768": "more attributes", "bBra-VF7_JA-00349-00376008-00376566": "already got a lot of strength and endurance oh I will go for Vigor for now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00350-00376896-00377832": "some behind that so because it will increase my Mana I do need look at it it's Paris so small", "bBra-VF7_JA-00351-00377886-00378552": "ESPN big enough but Mana is very low but for now I think I'm fine", "bBra-VF7_JA-00352-00378684-00379140": "but I have actually don't require so much Mana", "bBra-VF7_JA-00353-00380250-00380544": "also biggest saves me in some tires", "bBra-VF7_JA-00354-00381894-00382656": "in your learning if you kill bossu one time they don't respawn but I think he owned either I hope", "bBra-VF7_JA-00355-00382842-00382968": "I hope you aren't okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00356-00383202-00383790": "oh that scared me I thought he respond but he didn't minions did", "bBra-VF7_JA-00357-00383970-00384618": "anything here starting I'm not scared of his minions they're useless let me show you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00358-00384942-00385062": "okay one hit", "bBra-VF7_JA-00359-00385320-00385500": "oh this guy survived", "bBra-VF7_JA-00360-00385740-00385824": "yo now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00361-00386820-00387030": "it is still dead", "bBra-VF7_JA-00362-00387246-00387264": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00363-00388194-00388344": "and I missed right", "bBra-VF7_JA-00364-00389460-00390006": "I will continue down this part because I think stormwell Castle is gonna get even harder", "bBra-VF7_JA-00365-00390318-00391002": "the last bus the last bus was hard that's me with good equipments", "bBra-VF7_JA-00366-00391326-00391848": "every boss is hard but if the mechanism of the boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00367-00392058-00392616": "deadly like he got one use that dragon head as an elemental attack his physical attack", "bBra-VF7_JA-00368-00392616-00393384": "is heavy fast he was taught trying to dodge the jellyfish eggs attacks are useless against him", "bBra-VF7_JA-00369-00393702-00394404": "those kind of problems are the horse in a boss oh a lot of skeletons", "bBra-VF7_JA-00370-00396066-00396444": "golden room not like I really bad", "bBra-VF7_JA-00371-00396882-00397758": "down there there's a big area with a lot of water and I feel like there is a maybe maybe there is a", "bBra-VF7_JA-00372-00397962-00398076": "stronger boss", "bBra-VF7_JA-00373-00399438-00399690": "need to climb up continue", "bBra-VF7_JA-00374-00399822-00400632": "there's no perceptor here I am and climbing up here is a big deal", "bBra-VF7_JA-00375-00400782-00401250": "because of Miriam I wasn't continuing down this path because he's gonna shoot his arrow and", "bBra-VF7_JA-00376-00401706-00401946": "okay good bad Mouse", "bBra-VF7_JA-00377-00402930-00403056": "I fall from here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00378-00403620-00403980": "and yes for sure I follow from here I'm done", "bBra-VF7_JA-00379-00404868-00405390": "I follow up to those chandelier I think I can survive or to that that bridge", "bBra-VF7_JA-00380-00405738-00405948": "there's a lot of chance I would fall down to that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00381-00406230-00406800": "hey [Music] did you just see that skeleton", "bBra-VF7_JA-00382-00407142-00407238": "is guard scale", "bBra-VF7_JA-00383-00407496-00407514": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00384-00410424-00411618": "that's counted addressing and scarred copters I mean oh I almost fell at my house", "bBra-VF7_JA-00385-00412176-00412338": "let's not check those items", "bBra-VF7_JA-00386-00412824-00412920": "while we're here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00387-00415026-00415385": "you're really angry aren't you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00388-00415620-00415860": "but I'm too heavy for you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00389-00416112-00416226": "oh you fell anywhere", "bBra-VF7_JA-00390-00416904-00417114": "is this it for this place", "bBra-VF7_JA-00391-00417726-00418002": "and open my map I can't see where I am right", "bBra-VF7_JA-00392-00418674-00418878": "really spooky music", "bBra-VF7_JA-00393-00420900-00421608": "you can fall after that okay you can fall out to that that's that increases the safety", "bBra-VF7_JA-00394-00421800-00422016": "I don't think I should fall off to the channel", "bBra-VF7_JA-00395-00422220-00422718": "some of those chandeliers are are way up from the bridge", "bBra-VF7_JA-00396-00423042-00423576": "like that one oh but it's close to that one though chandeliers", "bBra-VF7_JA-00397-00424026-00424824": "I think this is where I came from there are the skeletons where do I have to go now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00398-00425310-00425592": "that nice just follow up all right", "bBra-VF7_JA-00399-00427032-00427404": "let me take the surrounding real quick I'm missing something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00400-00427793-00428082": "I study all entrance look at this I'm trying to go here", "bBra-VF7_JA-00401-00428514-00428724": "it's not reason I'm not sure", "bBra-VF7_JA-00402-00429612-00429714": "let's kill all them", "bBra-VF7_JA-00403-00430728-00430835": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00404-00435876-00436242": "wait I see something oh no", "bBra-VF7_JA-00405-00436980-00437189": "let's do everything without falling off", "bBra-VF7_JA-00406-00437514-00437646": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00407-00438714-00438828": "I don't want to lose it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00408-00439685-00439830": "I do see something but", "bBra-VF7_JA-00409-00440196-00440328": "I almost fell again", "bBra-VF7_JA-00410-00440796-00440934": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00411-00443382-00443597": "who was the engineer that built it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00412-00444197-00445026": "seriously where I should go go then where should I go then", "bBra-VF7_JA-00413-00445266-00445764": "the mobs respond or are those different skeletons", "bBra-VF7_JA-00414-00446388-00446622": "let's go kill them better than wasting time", "bBra-VF7_JA-00415-00447126-00447593": "oh wait what was that what's down there [__]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00416-00448884-00448985": "let's check this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00417-00449789-00450114": "oh nothing's there something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00418-00451385-00451458": "yeah I'm going", "bBra-VF7_JA-00419-00451674-00451776": "I can't find a way", "bBra-VF7_JA-00420-00452682-00453324": "there's a way I don't think maybe down there foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00421-00454362-00455064": "in a learning you can't swim I don't think that's the way let's leave", "bBra-VF7_JA-00422-00455952-00456593": "I don't think that's the way though for some reason what else", "bBra-VF7_JA-00423-00457122-00457535": "the Upper Floor didn't seem to give me any way of how to", "bBra-VF7_JA-00424-00458093-00458178": "area called", "bBra-VF7_JA-00425-00458478-00458592": "Gary and study hall", "bBra-VF7_JA-00426-00458928-00459258": "I couldn't find any of how to get air", "bBra-VF7_JA-00427-00459528-00460122": "I think going down is maybe the maybe the only way I'm not sure I'm doing it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00428-00460476-00460524": "oh", "bBra-VF7_JA-00429-00460896-00460962": "something", "bBra-VF7_JA-00430-00463502-00463602": "[Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00431-00463602-00463746": "foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00432-00466206-00467196": "right that item I don't think that's the item it's on me okay", "bBra-VF7_JA-00433-00470135-00470814": "hmm I I shouldn't have used some reason", "bBra-VF7_JA-00434-00474276-00474414": "try to find this letter", "bBra-VF7_JA-00435-00476316-00476843": "good though they build up twice level actually", "bBra-VF7_JA-00436-00477510-00477570": "I can take", "bBra-VF7_JA-00437-00478139-00478266": "very bad at dodgings", "bBra-VF7_JA-00438-00482693-00483042": "foreign a crap", "bBra-VF7_JA-00439-00483816-00484422": "no duh bosses and this is gonna be even harder but I was kind of", "bBra-VF7_JA-00440-00485316-00485478": "where they came from I think", "bBra-VF7_JA-00441-00486630-00486732": "this is what I am", "bBra-VF7_JA-00442-00487104-00488580": "pushing me about like that and after all that crafting where did that get you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00443-00488760-00489684": "out on me would you watch it filthy are you really angry on him not like that I liked him anyway", "bBra-VF7_JA-00444-00489834-00490380": "oh that's my name as much as you want oh hello there", "bBra-VF7_JA-00445-00491022-00491897": "looking down on me he got my bloody deserve thanks to you what are you though what goes around comes", "bBra-VF7_JA-00446-00491897-00493002": "around he had an ugly heart an ugly accountenance and met the ugliest of ends hey foreign", "bBra-VF7_JA-00447-00496668-00497472": "all right thank you for showing me the Cliffside part though I'm sure the main gate wasn't a good", "bBra-VF7_JA-00448-00497472-00498797": "choice was the cliff side let me get got me through many stars um blend thrower I think", "bBra-VF7_JA-00449-00499620-00499728": "this is a trap", "bBra-VF7_JA-00450-00500435-00500532": "and to", "bBra-VF7_JA-00451-00500766-00500922": "maybe this is not a try it then", "bBra-VF7_JA-00452-00501582-00501678": "I came back", "bBra-VF7_JA-00453-00503196-00503339": "okay I can attack again", "bBra-VF7_JA-00454-00504785-00505632": "bad feeling about this Lucas and enclosed space in the messages therefore that", "bBra-VF7_JA-00455-00505806-00506106": "and summon my jellyfish die", "bBra-VF7_JA-00456-00506538-00506693": "oh oh never mind", "bBra-VF7_JA-00457-00506897-00507018": "I was overthinking", "bBra-VF7_JA-00458-00507228-00507539": "I was overthink everything is good", "bBra-VF7_JA-00459-00508332-00508493": "what happened to you", "bBra-VF7_JA-00460-00508824-00509650": "I didn't dear Maiden where are you please take my grapes uh [Music]", "bBra-VF7_JA-00461-00510420-00510600": "don't know that made", "bBra-VF7_JA-00462-00510828-00511746": "this Castle a lot of mad Lords and soldiers and some trolls but I don't", "bBra-VF7_JA-00463-00511746-00512285": "know what happened to that guy but is the spirit now so nothing good that's for sure", "bBra-VF7_JA-00464-00512616-00512700": "West Indies", "bBra-VF7_JA-00465-00513564-00513930": "uh where am I okay okay got out", "bBra-VF7_JA-00466-00514739-00515634": "I know Chris is showing me that oh yeah I'll try and look at it again no I shouldn't go", "bBra-VF7_JA-00467-00515982-00516042": "for now", "bBra-VF7_JA-00468-00516743-00516822": "let me check anyway", "bBra-VF7_JA-00469-00516972-00517793": "oh okay okay I need the key to get past this", "bBra-VF7_JA-00470-00518172-00518376": "I don't know where can I get that King", "bBra-VF7_JA-00471-00519774-00520242": "oh okay so that's it for this video see you next time", "bBra-VF7_JA-00472-00520500-00521070": "and maybe next time I will get that key I don't know how I will get it", "bBra-VF7_JA-00473-00521226-00521610": "anyway that was great I mean video we killed two bosses", "bBra-VF7_JA-00474-00521706-00522468": "and especially hard was was that perceptor Miriam I think that made it was really really annoying", "bBra-VF7_JA-00475-00522558-00523428": "next time I will try to at least get the Bell pills Bell hunting okay art of smitten stones", "bBra-VF7_JA-00476-00523506-00524292": "get stronger especially I need to open it they didn't use the Glenstone key so I will try to hunt", "bBra-VF7_JA-00477-00524292-00525258": "for it don't know where it is though I don't know anything about donkey is important place because", "bBra-VF7_JA-00478-00525258-00526302": "it requires the key to get get in so I have to get a cluster I yeah it was right okay bye bye"}}, {"audio_id": "bBtmWGZtvrE", "text": {"bBtmWGZtvrE-00000-00000259-00000622": "isn't it amazing when nuts-and-bolts, electronics, and a bunch of software are", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00001-00000622-00000756": "joint to something new", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00002-00000756-00001229": "able to create their own things", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00003-00001229-00001494": "the maker movement is tremendously picking up speed", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00004-00001494-00002018": "enabling everybody to build up his own production line in the backyard", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00005-00002018-00002388": "numerous projects offering 3d printers, laser cutters, milling machines,", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00006-00002388-00002457": "and similar devices", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00007-00002457-00002918": "handling a bunch of different materials", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00008-00002918-00003307": "so every day new projects are coming up, pushing out the limits", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00009-00003307-00003411": "in performance, flexibility, efficiency, and even affordability", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00010-00003411-00003820": "most crucial part is the electronic controller board", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00011-00003820-00004217": "running the applications firmware and translating the bits and bytes", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00012-00004217-00004917": "into coordinated motion", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00013-00004980-00005257": "usual Arduino based solutions are very limited", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00014-00005257-00005957": "in processing power and memory", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00015-00006040-00006350": "most solutions are based on an 8-bit controller", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00016-00006350-00006690": "with Arduino firmware which does everything", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00017-00006690-00007170": "receives G-Code from host computer which needs to be translated", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00018-00007170-00007590": "into motion commands by the G-Code interpreter", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00019-00007590-00008040": "afterwards it needs to be optimized by the path planner and finally", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00020-00008040-00008353": "translated into the real time step/direction signals", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00021-00008353-00008793": "for the stepper motor drivers", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00022-00008793-00009394": "that's really the tough job for an 8-Bit controller", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00023-00009394-00009663": "what's the T-Bone? The T-Bone is a", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00024-00009663-00009963": "piece of hardware and software for", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00025-00009963-00010284": "motion control. In the first step", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00026-00010284-00010588": "a full hard- and software stack for driving a", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00027-00010588-00011032": "3d printer. why is it called T-Bone?", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00028-00011032-00011386": "because it is an motion controller board", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00029-00011386-00011827": "mainly with Trinamic chips on base of a BeagleBone", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00030-00011827-00012148": "The two main advantages: we are able", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00031-00012148-00012571": "to get more control into the motion controller chips", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00032-00012571-00012943": "and remove burden from normal control.", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00033-00012943-00013299": "We have more time to think about other stuff. more speed", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00034-00013299-00013629": "more precision and faster implementation", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00035-00013629-00013925": "cause all this is done in the motion controllers.", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00036-00013925-00014262": "The keep control of a motor and the high-level", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00037-00014262-00014578": "application can deal with the application", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00038-00014578-00014960": "and not just busy with moving the motors It's based on the BeagleBone", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00039-00014960-00015358": "so you have a Linux running on the BeagleBone with all the I/O", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00040-00015358-00015674": "functionality of a Linux system, right?", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00041-00015674-00015950": "So it's easy to have different interfaces", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00042-00015950-00016405": "It comes with an web-based user interface  so you can do all the settings for print", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00043-00016405-00016842": "via the web and you can upload your design", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00044-00016842-00017542": "over the web to the printer", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00045-00017820-00018202": "the t-bone concept is different  it's based on poll for BeagleBone", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00046-00018202-00018736": "for the Linux operating system  therefore it's quite easy to create convenient", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00047-00018736-00018830": "user interfaces", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00048-00018830-00019270": "also the complex part of the software like the G-Code interpreter", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00049-00019270-00019619": "or the path planner are running on the BeagleBone", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00050-00019619-00020065": "therefore the underlying T-Bone cape  can fully concentrate", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00051-00020065-00020520": "on the real-time motion control processing and similar activities", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00052-00020520-00020867": "both boards are connected by a serial interface", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00053-00020867-00021310": "the T-bone as Arduino compatible microcontroller", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00054-00021310-00021667": "to buffer, receive, and distribute the motion commands", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00055-00021667-00022008": "from BeagleBone to the motion control units", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00056-00022008-00022341": "which are creating the real-time signals", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00057-00022341-00022851": "for the stepper motor drivers this concept makes it possible to improve performance", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00058-00022851-00023458": "and usability at the same time  - it's magic -", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00059-00023458-00023714": "we have separated the software", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00060-00023714-00024061": "and the hardware into three distincet layers on every", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00061-00024061-00024474": "layer it does what it can do best  in the high-level", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00062-00024474-00024788": "we have Python programming  which is a standard web", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00063-00024788-00025080": "programming language  to have a web interface", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00064-00025080-00025479": "to make the motion planning  but we don't have any real-time control", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00065-00025479-00025814": "or very little real-time control in Python", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00066-00025814-00026139": "this is done by the Arduino  it does buffering, it does real-time control", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00067-00026139-00026280": "it has the next command ready", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00068-00026280-00026672": "if it is needed for the motion  and does nothing else", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00069-00026672-00027050": "is also very very simple  and then we have the motion controllers", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00070-00027050-00027223": "which do a lot of complex things", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00071-00027223-00027637": "like accelerating the motors, stepping the motors with the right frequencies", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00072-00027637-00027938": "having an eye for the end stops", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00073-00027938-00028302": "ensuring that the motors are running smoothly which is really complicated", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00074-00028302-00028400": "but this is done in hardware", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00075-00028400-00028664": "this is done for us and we don't need to deal with that", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00076-00028664-00029118": "it's open that's what I like about it it's based on open-source", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00077-00029118-00029499": "it's developed with open source  and it will go back to the open source", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00078-00029499-00030060": "it's also funded by the open source it's a crowdfunding project, so it's independent", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00079-00030060-00030372": "is it the only motorboard known until today", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00080-00030372-00031072": "which has a T-Bone shape  and it's open source", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00082-00031561-00031729": "now it's up to you", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00083-00031729-00032063": "support us on Indiegogo and share us with your friends", "bBtmWGZtvrE-00084-00032063-00032172": "thank you"}}, {"audio_id": "bByfI12h9V0", "text": {"bByfI12h9V0-00000-00000063-00000306": "Hello, I'm Dr. Joyce Orndorff.", "bByfI12h9V0-00001-00000306-00000543": "I'm excited to tell you that starting early next year", "bByfI12h9V0-00002-00000543-00000740": "Kaiser Permanente will be able to", "bByfI12h9V0-00003-00000740-00000987": "serve our members in Santa Cruz County.", "bByfI12h9V0-00004-00000987-00001398": "In January 2017, we'll be opening medical offices", "bByfI12h9V0-00005-00001398-00001751": "in Santa Cruz, Scotts Valley and Watsonville.", "bByfI12h9V0-00006-00001751-00001985": "Our members will have access to", "bByfI12h9V0-00007-00001985-00002228": "Kaiser Permanente's high-quality,", "bByfI12h9V0-00008-00002228-00002492": "coordinated primary and specialty care", "bByfI12h9V0-00009-00002492-00002729": "as well as laboratory services,", "bByfI12h9V0-00010-00002729-00003073": "x-rays, pharmacies, urgent care and more.", "bByfI12h9V0-00011-00003073-00003256": "This is in addition to", "bByfI12h9V0-00012-00003256-00003466": "the convenience that our members already have", "bByfI12h9V0-00013-00003466-00003763": "like our 24/7 nurse advice line", "bByfI12h9V0-00014-00003763-00004040": "and online features that let them email their care team,", "bByfI12h9V0-00015-00004040-00004377": "refill most prescriptions and view lab results.", "bByfI12h9V0-00016-00004377-00004738": "Plus we're partnering with Watsonville Community Hospital", "bByfI12h9V0-00017-00004738-00005111": "to provide local hospital services and inpatient care", "bByfI12h9V0-00018-00005111-00005345": "including labor and delivery.", "bByfI12h9V0-00019-00005345-00005552": "Of course, you can always visit one of our", "bByfI12h9V0-00020-00005552-00005735": "Kaiser Permanente hospitals", "bByfI12h9V0-00021-00005735-00006102": "in Santa Clara or San Jose as well.", "bByfI12h9V0-00022-00006102-00006439": "As a Santa Cruz County resident for the last 25 years", "bByfI12h9V0-00023-00006439-00006690": "I'm genuinely delighted that", "bByfI12h9V0-00024-00006690-00006960": "Kaiser Permanente is coming to our community.", "bByfI12h9V0-00025-00006960-00007210": "I'm really looking forward to taking care of my patients", "bByfI12h9V0-00026-00007210-00007464": "right here in our hometown.", "bByfI12h9V0-00027-00007464-00007770": "Kaiser Permanente is excited to come to Santa Cruz County.", "bByfI12h9V0-00028-00007770-00008101": "We look forward to helping our members and community thrive!"}}, {"audio_id": "bBRgm1lZSRU", "text": {"bBRgm1lZSRU-00000-00000391-00000760": "- [Todd] Good afternoon everyone, my name is Todd Enoch,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00001-00000760-00001065": "I'm the head of serials and electronic resources", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00002-00001065-00001318": "at the University of North Texas Libraries,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00003-00001318-00001776": "and on behalf of the NASIG Continuing Education Committee", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00004-00001776-00001982": "I'd like to welcome you to today's webinar,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00005-00001982-00002144": "Working Outside of the Library,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00006-00002144-00002295": "presented by Lynn Connaway.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00007-00002295-00002495": "Before I turn things over to Lynn,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00008-00002495-00002741": "I just have a couple of announcements.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00009-00002741-00002955": "First of all, this session will be recorded", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00010-00002955-00003149": "and a copy of the recording will be made available", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00011-00003149-00003482": "to everyone who registered sometime within the next week.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00012-00003482-00003688": "Secondly, if you have any questions for Lynn", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00013-00003688-00003917": "during the course of today's webinar,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00014-00003917-00004146": "please input them into the Q and A box", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00015-00004146-00004367": "on the right-hand side of your screen.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00016-00004367-00004619": "At the end of the presentation, Lynn will take some time", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00017-00004619-00004954": "to answer as many of the questions as she can.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00018-00004954-00005305": "Thirdly, if you are experiencing technical difficulties,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00019-00005305-00005477": "please send a private chat message", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00020-00005477-00005822": "to the CEC NASIG host account, and either I or", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00021-00005822-00006058": "my cohost Linda Dausch will try to help you", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00022-00006058-00006257": "work through those difficulties.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00023-00006257-00006605": "And finally, once you exit today's webinar,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00024-00006605-00006869": "you will be directed to a SurveyMonkey survey,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00025-00006869-00007156": "and we ask that you take a few minutes to fill that out.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00026-00007156-00007305": "Just let us know how we're doing,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00027-00007305-00007491": "if there's anything we could improve,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00028-00007491-00007636": "if there are any topics in particular", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00029-00007636-00007986": "you'd like us to pursue for future webinars.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00030-00007986-00008284": "And now, I'd like to introduce today's speaker.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00031-00008284-00008514": "Lynn Connaway is a senior research scientist", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00032-00008514-00008677": "at OCLC Research.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00033-00008677-00008959": "She has experience in academic, public, and school libraries", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00034-00008959-00009277": "as well as library information science education.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00035-00009277-00009599": "Lynn has completed several UK and UF externally-funded", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00036-00009599-00009850": "projects to investigate users' behaviors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00037-00009850-00010059": "and has been funded by the IMLS to study", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00038-00010059-00010230": "virtual reference services", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00039-00010230-00010499": "and the social question and answer community.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00040-00010499-00010803": "And now, I will hand things over to Lynn.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00041-00012457-00012668": "- [Lynn] For inviting me to speak today.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00042-00012668-00013096": "I was asked to give something similar to", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00043-00013096-00013596": "what I presented at the NASIG conference last June,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00044-00013629-00014010": "and I decided to add some different things", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00045-00014010-00014258": "since we have some new data.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00046-00014343-00014615": "So today I'll talk about several things.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00047-00014615-00014859": "You'll see that first quote,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00048-00014859-00015085": "\"With Google you are not limited.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00049-00015085-00015371": "\"You have as much as you can pull up,\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00050-00015371-00015803": "and this is a direct quote from one of our participants", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00051-00015803-00016060": "in a study that I'll talk about today,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00052-00016060-00016325": "it's called the Digital Visitors and Residents study.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00053-00016547-00016856": "The participants are from the U.S. and the UK,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00054-00016856-00017356": "and this was a U.S. student, undergraduate first-year,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00055-00017481-00017981": "female, age 19, and this was from one of her diaries.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00056-00018214-00018502": "We are following individuals for three years", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00057-00018502-00018765": "and asking them to either talk to us every month", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00058-00018765-00019201": "or send us a diary entry, and so this quote", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00059-00019201-00019416": "came directly from one of the participants.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00060-00019983-00020354": "This is another quote from one of our participants.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00061-00020354-00020587": "Again, a U.S. student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00062-00020587-00021032": "a different student from the first quote,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00063-00021032-00021314": "and first-year undergraduate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00064-00021314-00021803": "female, and she basically said that", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00065-00021894-00022261": "Google's a whole lot easier than going,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00066-00022261-00022538": "and you can see we have a list of who they're talking about,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00067-00022538-00022900": "going to the library and thus", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00068-00023014-00023161": "trying to find things.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00069-00023161-00023583": "And she was saying they just don't make any sense", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00070-00023583-00023772": "when you're on the library website,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00071-00023772-00024064": "and you look at the first 10 journals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00072-00024064-00024259": "and she just gives up.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00073-00024259-00024580": "We have another quote, it's a UK graduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00074-00024580-00024957": "a female, age 23, and she was talking about Google", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00075-00024957-00025143": "and she said she used it", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00076-00025143-00025428": "because Google is reliable and fast.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00077-00025743-00026204": "This is something that Lorcan Dempsey had published in 2008,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00078-00026204-00026488": "but I think it's still very relevant today.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00079-00026488-00026966": "It used to be that the user built the workflow", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00080-00026966-00027129": "around the library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00081-00027129-00027486": "Now, the library has to actually go out", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00082-00027486-00027874": "and build its services around the user's workflow.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00083-00027874-00028116": "It used to be that resources were scarce,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00084-00028225-00028458": "libraries were often the only game in town.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00085-00028458-00028693": "Now, that's not necessarily true.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00086-00028897-00029311": "Their attention is scarce and the resources are abundant.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00087-00029311-00029545": "I have a few more quotes.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00088-00029545-00030045": "This is a U.S. graduate student, a male, age 25,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00089-00030054-00030238": "and he says, \"Yes, I'm sure,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00090-00030238-00030581": "\"because going to the library was a task,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00091-00030581-00030779": "\"and part of, I'm sure a lot of people,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00092-00030779-00031136": "\"and as far as me is concerned from laziness,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00093-00031136-00031416": "\"it was much easier to just scrap around.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00094-00031416-00031714": "\"It's so much easier to just strain to find something", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00095-00031714-00032107": "\"on the internet than to drive to the library.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00096-00032107-00032302": "So when they think of the library,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00097-00032302-00032644": "they really think that they have to be there physically,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00098-00032644-00032788": "and they think of books.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00099-00032885-00033334": "This is a U.S. undergraduate student, first-year,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00100-00033334-00033637": "female, age 19, different from the other two", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00101-00033637-00033768": "who I have quoted:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00102-00033768-00034023": "\"I have better things to do than go drive all the way", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00103-00034023-00034277": "\"to the library, when I can just sit at home", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00104-00034277-00034534": "\"and type it into my computer.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00105-00034534-00034858": "There was also a study, a paper written by Wasserman", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00106-00034858-00035188": "in 2012, and it was in The Nation", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00107-00035188-00035510": "and it was called The Amazon Effect,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00108-00035510-00035965": "and when he wrote that article in June of 2012, he said", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00109-00036148-00036510": "that there were more than 1.7 billion, or almost", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00110-00036510-00036964": "one out of every four humans on the planet, online.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00111-00036964-00037297": "So when you think of that, you'll think that", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00112-00037297-00037566": "that's the community that we're trying to reach.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00113-00037702-00038202": "This is another theory from Lorcan Dempsey,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00114-00038211-00038455": "and this was published in December 2012", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00115-00038455-00038864": "in the EDUCAUSE Review, and Lorcan talks about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00116-00038864-00039364": "the outside-in and the inside-out concept of libraries.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00117-00039479-00039857": "It used to be the outside-in for the libraries.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00118-00039857-00040116": "We acquired books, we acquired journals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00119-00040116-00040515": "databases from external sources,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00120-00040515-00040817": "and then we provided these discovery systems", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00121-00040817-00041228": "basically for our individual constituencies.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00122-00041330-00041596": "Now, he's saying that we really need to go", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00123-00041596-00042096": "more to this inside-out, because now the libraries", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00124-00042168-00042473": "are actually producers of resources.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00125-00042473-00042741": "We have our special collections, we're digitizing them,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00126-00042741-00043159": "we're digitizing images, we have administrative records,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00127-00043159-00043533": "we have research data that many of our researchers", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00128-00043758-00044122": "may want to distribute or reuse or share,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00129-00044264-00044581": "we have our teaching and learning materials.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00130-00044581-00045031": "So all of these things now are becoming open to everyone,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00131-00045031-00045414": "and we really need to be thinking about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00132-00045414-00045721": "discoverability of institutional resources,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00133-00045721-00046033": "and getting them out there where the users", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00134-00046033-00046443": "are actually looking for information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00135-00046548-00046759": "And basically, this all comes down to", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00136-00046759-00047053": "changes in information acquisition.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00137-00047053-00047373": "It used to be local, now we're more global.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00138-00047373-00047861": "It used to be very linear, now we're really going", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00139-00047861-00048186": "to the link and we're using network resources.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00140-00048299-00048592": "We're going from print to digital.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00141-00048592-00048999": "Many individuals who we talked to basically say", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00142-00048999-00049305": "that if they can't get it in an electronic format,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00143-00049417-00049578": "they're gonna find something else,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00144-00049578-00049774": "they'll use whatever they can then.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00145-00049900-00050206": "We also know that in this current environment", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00146-00050206-00050602": "we have many challenges, we have budget cuts;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00147-00050602-00050951": "we have supposedly high retirement rates,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00148-00050951-00051193": "I'm not sure I'm seeing that a lot,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00149-00051193-00051429": "but maybe some of you are;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00150-00051429-00051776": "hiring freezes, I am seeing that.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00151-00051776-00052083": "We have some great opportunities, though.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00152-00052083-00052415": "We need to be looking at what we can provide", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00153-00052415-00052833": "for our constituencies and determine", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00154-00052833-00053201": "what they will use and what they want", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00155-00053201-00053434": "and how they evaluate our current services,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00156-00053434-00053673": "so an assessment basically,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00157-00053673-00054023": "and get the best value for the most use.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00158-00054770-00055037": "So, the library, what's that?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00159-00055161-00055523": "As I said, most individuals associate the library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00160-00055523-00055891": "with books or a physical building.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00161-00055891-00056194": "They talk about how the library websites", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00162-00056194-00056509": "are hard to navigate, how the online catalogs", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00163-00056509-00056814": "though they don't always call them that,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00164-00056814-00057314": "so I'm using our terminology, that they're difficult to use,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00165-00057437-00057660": "the library's inconvenient,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00166-00057754-00058099": "limited hours, they have to get there.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00167-00058099-00058551": "They really don't equate the electronic resources", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00168-00058551-00058998": "that are provided by libraries with the library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00169-00058998-00059310": "They equate those, well first of all they don't understand", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00170-00059310-00059623": "the difference between openly-available", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00171-00059623-00060094": "and proprietary information, and they also don't understand", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00172-00060094-00060463": "that the library is paying for these sources", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00173-00060463-00060582": "that they are getting.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00174-00060680-00061126": "I have another quote, a UK graduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00175-00061126-00061522": "female, age 25, and she says,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00176-00061522-00061736": "\"Because, I mean, the thing that annoys me most", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00177-00061736-00061946": "\"is when these things are online.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00178-00062146-00062423": "\"Library catalogs are supposed to be a really good way", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00179-00062423-00062780": "\"for looking for books, but usually they are so bad", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00180-00062780-00063018": "\"that you are sort of stuck between the two worlds", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00181-00063018-00063283": "\"and you can't go and ask someone for anything.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00182-00063283-00063604": "\"You're supposed to use the internet, but they're,\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00183-00063604-00063947": "talking about libraries, \"not very well developed.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00184-00063947-00064187": "So, there are a couple things going on here.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00185-00064187-00064602": "She's saying we're trying to get things electronically", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00186-00064602-00064880": "and there's no one there to ask for help,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00187-00064880-00065171": "and that's something I'm going to talk about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00188-00065171-00065505": "as I move along in this discussion today.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00189-00065644-00065824": "So how do individuals work?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00190-00065824-00066295": "Well, we do know that convenience tops", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00191-00066295-00066453": "just about everything.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00192-00066453-00066734": "Now, I say that, but what's convenient today,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00193-00066734-00067152": "this minute, for me, may not be convenient for me", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00194-00067152-00067327": "three hours from now.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00195-00067327-00067827": "And so it's really based upon the context", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00196-00067841-00068100": "and the situation of the need.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00197-00068100-00068600": "We have also found that individuals value human sources,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00198-00068793-00069171": "they want simple searches,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00199-00069171-00069425": "they often satisfice.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00200-00069425-00069736": "So they will take whatever they can to get by.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00201-00070196-00070367": "What Is Enough is the title of a paper we have published,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00202-00070538-00070708": "basically about this.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00203-00070809-00071092": "There was another study done that said", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00204-00071245-00071745": "that user behaviors in the electronic environment", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00205-00071776-00072100": "tend toward quick views of a few pages,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00206-00072100-00072370": "they bounce between resources,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00207-00072370-00072750": "and we think that this contradicts the notion of", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00208-00072750-00073065": "this hard core researcher who goes in", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00209-00073065-00073565": "and actually looks at information and reads everything.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00210-00073750-00074094": "But again, we have different types of users,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00211-00074094-00074434": "and the different users behave differently", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00212-00074434-00074825": "dependent upon the context and the situation of the need.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00213-00074989-00075208": "These are some of the results from a study", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00214-00075208-00075561": "that we conducted for JISK in 2010.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00215-00075561-00076061": "We actually went through several of the JISK reports", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00216-00076108-00076474": "and their studies, and looked at the data,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00217-00076474-00076739": "talked to some of the project managers,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00218-00076739-00076959": "talked to some of the participants,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00219-00076959-00077249": "and tried to come up with this", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00220-00077409-00077899": "sort of persona of the digital information seeker.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00221-00077899-00078104": "That was very difficult to do", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00222-00078104-00078489": "because individuals were not actually", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00223-00078489-00078746": "using the same questions, the same methods.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00224-00078874-00079213": "They also weren't reporting in the same way.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00225-00079213-00079491": "So, what we did was come up with some themes,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00226-00079491-00079842": "and the theme that were very predominant", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00227-00079842-00080106": "was this power browsing,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00228-00080106-00080491": "how we scan small chunks of information,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00229-00080491-00080786": "we view just the first few pages,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00230-00080786-00081115": "there isn't a whole lot of real reading going on.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00231-00081115-00081361": "I find myself doing this.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00232-00081361-00081563": "There's so much information,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00233-00081563-00082063": "I know I scan information, I don't read it thoroughly", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00234-00082115-00082382": "unless I think it's something I really need.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00235-00082382-00082677": "Again, it's that need, that situation.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00236-00082677-00083144": "There's also the squirreling, these short basic searches", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00237-00083144-00083465": "and then we download content for later use.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00238-00083465-00083772": "I'd like you to think about your behavior,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00239-00083772-00084007": "do you often do this as well?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00240-00084007-00084507": "I do, I have saved so many files that I have downloaded,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00241-00084618-00085001": "and my problem is I have a very difficult time", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00242-00085001-00085331": "remembering where I saved them or even remembering", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00243-00085331-00085476": "that they exist.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00244-00085476-00085846": "So I don't think that our constituencies", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00245-00085846-00086091": "are very different than us.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00246-00086301-00086693": "Again, the situational needs determine the search,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00247-00086693-00086869": "so does the context.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00248-00086869-00087181": "Individuals are very confident in their skills,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00249-00087181-00087333": "and this comes up a lot.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00250-00087529-00088029": "You don't know what you don't know, and individuals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00251-00088161-00088546": "especially faculty, we even talked to some faculty,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00252-00088546-00088938": "they are not aware of what is open access", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00253-00088938-00089128": "and what is proprietary.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00254-00089128-00089472": "When we talked to faculty about copyright", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00255-00089472-00089705": "and their signed publisher agreement,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00256-00089916-00090250": "they had very little understanding of that.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00257-00090250-00090650": "Many of them had no idea what they had signed", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00258-00090650-00090945": "or where that documentation may have been,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00259-00090945-00091244": "where they saved it, if they didn't save it,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00260-00091244-00091598": "and what the implications of what they had signed", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00261-00091598-00091746": "or those agreements meant.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00262-00092104-00092494": "Now, students, we've been talking to them a lot", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00263-00092494-00092822": "about how they determine that something's,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00264-00092822-00093024": "and we don't use the word credibility,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00265-00093024-00093230": "we don't use the word authority;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00266-00093230-00093621": "when we talk to them, we talk to them about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00267-00093621-00094121": "how do you determine what to use for your academic purposes,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00268-00094244-00094459": "and then we also talk about their personal.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00269-00094584-00094816": "Common sense comes up.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00270-00094816-00095211": "Cross-checking, so if they keep finding the same information", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00271-00095211-00095711": "in multiple areas, then they think it must be okay.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00272-00095784-00096139": "The reputation of the company or the organization,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00273-00096139-00096639": "many of them will look for AC if it's a website,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00274-00096710-00096876": ".ac in the non-U.S.;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00275-00096972-00097261": "in the U.S. it'll be .edu or .gov or .org.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00276-00097542-00097816": "I have some quotes about this.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00277-00097939-00098371": "This is a U.S. secondary school student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00278-00098371-00098613": "so this student is a male, age 17,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00279-00098613-00098866": "in his last year of high school,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00280-00098866-00099075": "and we're talking to these individuals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00281-00099075-00099477": "because I think we need to be more active than proactive,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00282-00099477-00099797": "and we need to be planning in our libraries,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00283-00099797-00100057": "our academic and even public libraries,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00284-00100057-00100494": "for these new academic users.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00285-00100754-00101023": "This individual said, \"Well, I don't, like,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00286-00101023-00101241": "\"pick the first one I see.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00287-00101241-00101538": "\"I try to evaluate two or three", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00288-00101538-00101829": "\"and see if there's some common things between them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00289-00101829-00102066": "\"Like if two of them say the same thing,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00290-00102066-00102530": "\"then that must be right, rather than like one.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00291-00102530-00102774": "So basically, if two people say something,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00292-00102774-00103075": "this individual thinks well, this is accurate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00293-00103075-00103269": "it's good enough for me.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00294-00103269-00103751": "This is a female graduate student, U.S., age 45:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00295-00103858-00104009": "\"So, I usually check.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00296-00104009-00104248": "\"I try to test the information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00297-00104248-00104597": "\"If it's my judgment, or also my knowledge in the subject,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00298-00104597-00104910": "\"or I will read more to see if the information", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00299-00104910-00105054": "\"is right or wrong.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00300-00105054-00105360": "\"I don't trust it, like, from the first second.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00301-00105455-00105955": "The next is from a U.S. first-year undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00302-00105955-00106166": "male, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00303-00106166-00106349": "\"And it's kind of like a guess,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00304-00106349-00106592": "\"and you check to see which one works best", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00305-00106592-00106860": "\"or which one gives you the most information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00306-00106860-00107246": "\"It is not necessarily to see which one is more credible,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00307-00107246-00107459": "\"because if you want credibility", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00308-00107459-00107833": "\"you are not necessarily going to look online for it.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00309-00108059-00108364": "Many of them perceive that if it's online", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00310-00108364-00108607": "it may not be as credible as something", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00311-00108607-00109074": "that's printed in an actual book, and that comes up a lot", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00312-00109074-00109542": "with these high school students and undergraduate students,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00313-00109542-00109817": "especially the first-year undergraduate students.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00314-00109938-00110365": "This is a male, age 40, U.S., faculty member:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00315-00110365-00110759": "\"You know, let's say it's not even in an academic context.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00316-00110759-00110978": "\"I have to see the same conclusion reached", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00317-00110978-00111277": "\"by lots of different people in different contexts.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00318-00111277-00111446": "\"Like, I need to see the same answer", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00319-00111446-00111748": "\"again and again and again, and maybe at some point", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00320-00111748-00112048": "\"that's enough time where it starts to gel to me", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00321-00112048-00112390": "\"that this probably is a good approximation of the truth.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00322-00112390-00112663": "\"It might not be the truth, but this seems to be", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00323-00112663-00112929": "\"what a lot of people perceive as the truth.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00324-00112929-00113200": "\"So, that would be the simplest way to do it.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00325-00113289-00113766": "And then the last one is a male, age 18, UK,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00326-00113766-00114048": "last year of secondary school:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00327-00114048-00114205": "\"That's the only problem,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00328-00114205-00114646": "\"just knowing what information to use and why.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00329-00114646-00115108": "So there is this whole issue where I think there's a gap", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00330-00115108-00115467": "that we can definitely fill of helping people", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00331-00115467-00115874": "to become interactive, evaluative learners.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00332-00115960-00116360": "Most researchers are self-taught", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00333-00116360-00116545": "in their discovery services.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00334-00116654-00116990": "62% reported no formal training,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00335-00116990-00117238": "and this is from a study in the UK", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00336-00117331-00117618": "by the Research Information Network.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00337-00117618-00117984": "And again, they're very confident in their skills.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00338-00117984-00118330": "Doctoral students, there was another study done in the UK", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00339-00118330-00118708": "where doctoral students said that they learned", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00340-00118708-00119148": "how to get information to do research", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00341-00119148-00119457": "from their dissertation professors.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00342-00119457-00119694": "When we talked to these professors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00343-00119781-00120053": "and we talked to some professors in New Zealand", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00344-00120053-00120276": "and they were computer science faculty,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00345-00120276-00120570": "and we talked to them in 1996 and we went back", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00346-00120570-00120866": "and talked to the same individuals in 2011,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00347-00120866-00121081": "they all said they were self-taught", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00348-00121081-00121329": "and now they're dependent on their graduate students", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00349-00121329-00121640": "to tell them how to get sources and information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00350-00121640-00121936": "So the graduate students are learning from the faculty,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00351-00121936-00122392": "yet the faculty are depending upon these doctoral", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00352-00122392-00122765": "and graduate or post-graduate students to help them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00353-00123006-00123388": "Some of the frustrations when they talk about the library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00354-00123388-00123705": "was the lack of mobile access,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00355-00123705-00124010": "the websites are hard to navigate, they're inconvenient,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00356-00124010-00124243": "and again they associate with books.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00357-00124243-00124635": "The faculty, they said accessing online journal articles", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00358-00124635-00124888": "and back files, and that was something", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00359-00124888-00125069": "that came up quite a bit.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00360-00125153-00125488": "They want this desktop access,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00361-00125488-00125744": "they want this immediate access,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00362-00125744-00126244": "whether it's on a mobile phone or if it's on a desktop,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00363-00126561-00126814": "a laptop, any type of device.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00364-00126920-00127191": "They also said they have difficulty discovering", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00365-00127191-00127386": "non-English content.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00366-00127519-00127964": "They said that a lot of the content that they may want", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00367-00127964-00128383": "is not available, and it's not available online.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00368-00128383-00128720": "So these were some of the history scholars", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00369-00128720-00129149": "who wanted these primary sources and could not get access", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00370-00129149-00129485": "to them either in the physical sense", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00371-00129485-00129832": "or electronically in the digital world.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00372-00129995-00130327": "They also talk about the irrelevant information", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00373-00130327-00130458": "in result list.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00374-00130458-00130832": "When we talked to individuals, they seemed to think", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00375-00130832-00131191": "that they understand how Google ranks,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00376-00131191-00131691": "but when it comes to libraries and databases,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00377-00131718-00132097": "or library web pages, or catalogs,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00378-00132097-00132597": "they have no idea how the result lists", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00379-00132619-00132954": "are selected or ranked, and they question them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00380-00133052-00133437": "Also, the faculty talked about the lack of", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00381-00133437-00133603": "specialist search engines,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00382-00133603-00133988": "they wanted discipline-specific search engines.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00383-00133988-00134176": "Again, I have some quotes.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00384-00134290-00134763": "This is a U.S. undergraduate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00385-00134763-00135109": "first-year undergraduate student, male, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00386-00135109-00135288": "\"I don't use the library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00387-00135288-00135537": "\"Most students really don't any more.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00388-00135537-00135763": "\"I know a couple of people that live here,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00389-00135763-00136055": "\"but they don't actually use it for books,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00390-00136055-00136386": "\"they use it as a quiet place to study.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00391-00136386-00136837": "This is another U.S. first-year undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00392-00136837-00137116": "female, age 19, and this was in an interview", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00393-00137116-00137424": "I just had with her several weeks ago", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00394-00137424-00137668": "for her diary, her monthly diary.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00395-00137668-00137963": "She named an academic library, and she said,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00396-00138149-00138385": "\"It was really not bringing up anything.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00397-00138385-00138555": "\"I did not have much luck.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00398-00138555-00138731": "\"Maybe I'm not used to it.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00399-00138731-00139001": "\"They probably had a lot, but it's a big library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00400-00139001-00139204": "\"and I'm not patient.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00401-00139204-00139538": "She went on to tell me that she just went online", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00402-00139538-00139782": "and Googled something and found what she needed.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00403-00139996-00140397": "Another one is a U.S. first-year undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00404-00140397-00140566": "female, age 19.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00405-00140566-00140849": "\"She,\" and she's talking about the professor,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00406-00140849-00141104": "\"was very direct about certain stuff", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00407-00141104-00141289": "\"and wanted me to go to the library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00408-00141403-00141712": "\"But, the research I needed wasn't showing up,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00409-00141712-00142056": "\"so I was like okay, I'm going to the internet,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00410-00142056-00142286": "\"and I had to find quotes from books.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00411-00142286-00142780": "\"So I just, like, was able to go on Google Book Search", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00412-00142780-00142947": "\"and find the quote I needed.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00413-00142947-00143206": "\"And I didn't write down it was from the internet,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00414-00143206-00143543": "\"so she doesn't really know,\" and she laughed,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00415-00143543-00143711": "\"that it's from the internet.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00416-00143845-00144130": "So, they're doing their little workarounds as well.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00417-00144371-00144501": "The tools that they use?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00418-00144501-00144834": "Big surprise, Google, Wikipedia.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00419-00144834-00145133": "They do say that they use the library website,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00420-00145133-00145292": "you heard what they said about them,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00421-00145292-00145524": "they talk about electronic journals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00422-00145524-00145672": "they don't necessarily know", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00423-00145672-00145931": "that they are provided by the library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00424-00145931-00146121": "They talk about human sources,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00425-00146121-00146415": "they're still very, very important.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00426-00146415-00146913": "They communicate with their classmates, their family,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00427-00146913-00147090": "their relatives, their friends.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00428-00147207-00147508": "Graduate students, they go to their professors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00429-00147508-00147694": "their advisors, their mentors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00430-00147694-00147953": "and they talk about electronic databases.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00431-00148059-00148417": "Again, this is the U.S. first-year undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00432-00148417-00148827": "female, age 19, who I just talked to several weeks ago,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00433-00148827-00149113": "and she said, \"I had a good history with Google,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00434-00149113-00149329": "\"I eventually find what I want.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00435-00149329-00149637": "\"I tried the academic library and the institute,\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00436-00149637-00149887": "she was talking about an institute website,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00437-00149887-00150101": "\"and could not find what I wanted.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00438-00150101-00150466": "\"I guess with Google, it will search all databases.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00439-00150579-00150939": "This is a UK first-year undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00440-00150939-00151161": "female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00441-00151161-00151379": "\"One of my favorite ways of getting information", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00442-00151379-00151545": "\"is by asking people.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00443-00151545-00151865": "\"Instead of Googling all the time, I mostly have faith", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00444-00151865-00152118": "\"in the fact that people are actually learning,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00445-00152118-00152379": "\"if I can go to a tutor and ask them something.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00446-00152782-00153282": "This is a U.S. last-year-of-high-school male, age 18:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00447-00153401-00153858": "\"I use my friends, I use people that I know know things", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00448-00153858-00154143": "\"about like, if they're maybe not specialized,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00449-00154143-00154414": "\"but know what they are, ask them first,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00450-00154414-00154631": "\"and then they'll give me information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00451-00154631-00154964": "\"Because for me, as I said, I'm a people person.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00452-00154964-00155184": "\"I trust what my friends say.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00453-00155184-00155365": "\"I know what to take from them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00454-00155365-00155678": "\"Maybe they may not be the same as me,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00455-00155678-00155904": "\"and may not believe the same stuff.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00456-00155904-00156140": "\"I know what I can take from them, at least.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00457-00156233-00156436": "And this is a female, U.S.,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00458-00156436-00156846": "last year of high school, age 17, student:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00459-00156846-00157208": "\"Like, usually with homework I usually can do it myself,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00460-00157208-00157608": "\"but like, like sometimes I will just like,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00461-00157608-00157958": "\"IM my friend on Facebook and be like hey,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00462-00157958-00158120": "\"do you know how to do this?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00463-00158120-00158341": "\"That is usually how I will do it,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00464-00158341-00158531": "\"or I will text somebody.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00465-00158531-00158759": "\"But for the most part, if I can figure it out", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00466-00158759-00158947": "\"then I just kind of star that question", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00467-00158947-00159337": "\"because there really isn't just one or two questions.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00468-00159337-00159475": "\"Or, I will just go to my parents", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00469-00159475-00159623": "\"or my grandma or something.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00470-00159722-00160222": "I always talk about not using information science students", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00471-00160352-00160576": "for your subjects, because I say", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00472-00160576-00160989": "that they're usually an anomaly, they act more like us.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00473-00161073-00161573": "Well, John Bertot and some colleagues actually did a study", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00474-00161645-00162028": "and they used information science students,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00475-00162028-00162528": "and 86% of them said that they use Google daily or weekly,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00476-00162573-00163073": "whereas 28% said they use the OPAC daily or weekly.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00477-00163120-00163564": "So, I'm wondering if, and 28%,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00478-00163564-00163907": "it's a little more than a quarter of the time each week,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00479-00163907-00164286": "but I think that figure is high.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00480-00164286-00164686": "So, you could probably imagine that for our,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00481-00164799-00165144": "as I say regular people, regular users,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00482-00165144-00165332": "it's much, much lower.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00483-00165582-00165916": "Researchers, 99.5% of them use journals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00484-00165916-00166061": "as a primary source.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00485-00166061-00166273": "They talk about Google, Web of Science,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00486-00166273-00166557": "PubMed, Science Direct, JSTOR.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00487-00166557-00167057": "JSTOR comes up a lot with undergraduates as well.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00488-00167129-00167357": "There was one young man who told me", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00489-00167491-00167858": "I needed some information, and the librarian showed me", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00490-00167858-00168117": "this really great thing, it's called JSTOR,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00491-00168204-00168594": "and he said now, every time I have a question,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00492-00168594-00168690": "I go to JSTOR.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00493-00168929-00169167": "So, I always say it's sort of like that", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00494-00169167-00169454": "if you have a hammer, everything looks like a nail,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00495-00169454-00169758": "but talk about a teachable moment.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00496-00169758-00170258": "He was actually very satisfied with the information", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00497-00170259-00170452": "he got from the librarian, it worked,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00498-00170452-00170654": "so why wouldn't it work every time?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00499-00170829-00171305": "Many researchers also mentioned human resources.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00500-00171305-00171562": "They talk about their coworkers, their colleagues,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00501-00171562-00171722": "and other professionals.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00502-00171893-00172361": "71% of the researchers ranked journals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00503-00172361-00172668": "in their top three resources that they use.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00504-00172849-00173106": "The e-journals, very similar to other things,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00505-00173106-00173417": "visit only a few minutes, very short sessions,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00506-00173417-00173780": "they do basic searches, they view few pages,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00507-00173898-00174231": "they talk about the back files being difficult,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00508-00174231-00174589": "and often the content is discovered through Google,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00509-00174589-00174814": "so they're pushed into it through Google.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00510-00174814-00175046": "When we look at WorldCat.org,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00511-00175203-00175703": "and individuals get into that system", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00512-00175737-00176192": "and looking for a source, they are often,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00513-00176192-00176692": "almost all of the time, pushed in through a Google search.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00514-00177240-00177612": "I think with journals and everything in general,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00515-00177612-00178112": "with any resource, access is more important than discovery,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00516-00178116-00178580": "and full-text and online versions are very important,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00517-00178580-00178898": "and also the seamless discovery-to-delivery.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00518-00178898-00179366": "We keep hearing that log-in, password,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00519-00179366-00179740": "and authentication interferes with access to the sources.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00520-00179740-00180031": "They don't have to do that when they're in Google Scholar,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00521-00180031-00180402": "they don't have to do that when they're on the open web.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00522-00180517-00180779": "Again, electronic databases are not perceived", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00523-00180779-00181216": "as library sources, and they have frustration", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00524-00181216-00181596": "locating and accessing full-text copies.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00525-00181869-00182348": "Now, these are some graphs that we have developed", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00526-00182348-00182568": "from the data we have been collecting in", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00527-00182568-00182810": "this Digital Visitors and Residents project", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00528-00182810-00182987": "with the University of Oxford,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00529-00182987-00183288": "University of North Carolina at Charlotte,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00530-00183288-00183788": "and OCLC, and JISK is partially funding this from the UK,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00531-00183922-00184197": "and we're looking at what we call", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00532-00184197-00184511": "these four educational phases.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00533-00184599-00184875": "The emerging phase,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00534-00184875-00185259": "that includes that last year of secondary school,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00535-00185259-00185556": "high school, first year of university or college;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00536-00185556-00185803": "the establishing are the third", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00537-00185803-00186118": "and fourth-year undergraduate students;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00538-00186118-00186378": "embedding are your post-graduate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00539-00186378-00186579": "graduate, doctoral students;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00540-00186579-00186902": "and experiencing are your researchers, scholars,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00541-00186902-00187139": "faculty, lifelong learners.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00542-00187139-00187615": "And this is some of the data that we have collected.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00543-00187615-00187845": "We've interviewed these individuals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00544-00187845-00188118": "and we have a subset who we talk to every month", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00545-00188118-00188359": "and are doing this for a three-year period.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00546-00188453-00188949": "We just started with a new emerging state, so three new,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00547-00189102-00189519": "sorry, six new last-year-of-secondary-school", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00548-00189519-00189798": "high school participants, and six", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00549-00189985-00190292": "first-year-of-college/ university participants,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00550-00190292-00190774": "so that we can look at them and compare them to", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00551-00190774-00191274": "what individuals at the same stage in their education", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00552-00191305-00191483": "said two years prior,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00553-00191483-00191696": "because we're trying to see what variables", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00554-00191696-00192114": "may be affecting how they interact and find information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00555-00192114-00192505": "You'll see with this graph, the major media sites,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00556-00192505-00192981": "which is the blue line with the diamond,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00557-00192981-00193481": "that they are the highest sources mentioned", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00558-00193494-00193768": "along with Wikipedia.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00559-00193863-00194081": "The emerging students don't mention", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00560-00194081-00194324": "the major media sites that much,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00561-00194546-00195006": "they increase and then they take a dip again", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00562-00195006-00195265": "with the scholars.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00563-00195405-00195830": "You'll notice the lower percentage of mentions of Wikipedia,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00564-00195830-00195992": "and that's the red.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00565-00195992-00196288": "It's still high, but lower than", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00566-00196422-00196816": "the third and fourth-year undergraduate students,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00567-00196816-00197058": "and that doesn't necessarily mean", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00568-00197058-00197316": "that they're not using that, it may mean", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00569-00197316-00197550": "that they just don't feel comfortable telling us", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00570-00197550-00197863": "that they use it, and I'll explain that", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00571-00197863-00198198": "and have some quotes on that as I move along.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00572-00198307-00198807": "You'll see that retail sites, and that's the green triangle,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00573-00199001-00199365": "they increase, and it may be", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00574-00199365-00199858": "that individuals don't have this income,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00575-00199858-00200240": "these high school students, the first-year undergraduates;", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00576-00200240-00200740": "but as they proceed through their educational phases,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00577-00200741-00201143": "they seem to be using retail sites much more.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00578-00201143-00201319": "What can we learn from that?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00579-00201319-00201649": "Well, they're familiar with retail sites,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00580-00201649-00202031": "so we should be familiar with them and start trying", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00581-00202031-00202501": "to make our system do some of the same things", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00582-00202501-00202778": "that these retail sites can do.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00583-00202778-00203184": "I have a quote from a UK last-year high school student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00584-00203184-00203492": "male, age 17, and he said,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00585-00203492-00203932": "\"Wikipedia, I shouldn't use it quite often,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00586-00203932-00204287": "\"because anyone can write anything, but it is good", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00587-00204287-00204593": "\"as long as you don't rely on it too heavily,\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00588-00204746-00204891": "and they've been taught this.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00589-00205104-00205461": "Notice the importance of face-to-face communication", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00590-00205461-00205878": "among faculty, and that's that blue line,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00591-00206060-00206296": "again, with the diamond.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00592-00206471-00206730": "And you look at that in comparison", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00593-00206730-00207081": "to the other educational stages", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00594-00207081-00207323": "where you will see phone", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00595-00207323-00207753": "and other remote forms of communication is more prevalent.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00596-00207753-00208107": "Some of the phone mentions in the emerging", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00597-00208107-00208410": "may be linked to the students communicating", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00598-00208410-00208625": "with their family and friends.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00599-00208733-00209139": "They are away from their family and friends,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00600-00209139-00209392": "and at the college or university,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00601-00209392-00209579": "and that came up quite a bit.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00602-00209663-00210163": "You'll see that the IM, chat goes down with each stage,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00603-00210423-00210842": "and then just back up again with the graduate students", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00604-00210842-00211136": "and then back down with the scholars.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00605-00211221-00211436": "The one thing that I find quite interesting", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00606-00211436-00211876": "about all of this is email is only at 51%", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00607-00211876-00212277": "with that first-year undergraduate", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00608-00212277-00212713": "and the last year of secondary school/high school,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00609-00212713-00212998": "but look, as they go through,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00610-00213096-00213479": "they proceed through their educational phases,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00611-00213479-00213740": "how email is 100%.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00612-00213740-00214240": "And from talking to the emerging stage participants,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00613-00214298-00214558": "I think that this may have to do", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00614-00214558-00214912": "that they have been acculturated", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00615-00214912-00215311": "to the academic environment, because how do we communicate?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00616-00215311-00215705": "Email, and when they communicate with us,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00617-00215705-00216000": "we've given them any option that they would like", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00618-00216000-00216292": "and they almost all choose email.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00619-00216292-00216619": "And when I ask them why, they tell us", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00620-00216619-00217091": "well, that's for administrative things for the university,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00621-00217091-00217314": "so they see us in that same way.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00622-00217401-00217901": "I have a quote from a UK last-yeah-of-high-school student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00623-00217964-00218369": "male, age 18, he talks about private messaging:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00624-00218369-00218579": "\"Just because all my friends have it,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00625-00218579-00218772": "\"it's just an easy way to catch up,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00626-00218772-00218958": "\"and then especially if I need some work", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00627-00218958-00219358": "\"to hand in for tomorrow, go and find out on Facebook,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00628-00219358-00219530": "\"ask all my friends.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00629-00219530-00219935": "So, they're using Facebook for their academic work as well.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00630-00219935-00220421": "A male, 54, U.S., faculty,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00631-00220421-00220647": "talks about phone calls:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00632-00220647-00220864": "\"Just send an email, because calling,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00633-00220864-00221048": "\"they're not there, you have a message,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00634-00221048-00221402": "\"they call you back, they're not there, new message,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00635-00221402-00221576": "\"go back and forth.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00636-00221576-00222071": "Texting, this is a U.S. undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00637-00222071-00222311": "first-year, female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00638-00222311-00222650": "\"I do use texting a lot more than calling on the phone.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00639-00222808-00223075": "Some of them talked about video chat.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00640-00223075-00223491": "This is a UK graduate student, female, age 22:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00641-00223491-00223737": "\"I use Skype for communicating with my father", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00642-00223737-00223851": "\"and my brother.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00643-00223851-00224157": "\"I tend to see Skype as a use for people,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00644-00224157-00224471": "\"they're not peripheral friends, they're closer friends,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00645-00224471-00224765": "\"and I would like to have longer conversations with them,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00646-00224765-00225031": "\"and so I use Skype as a video function", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00647-00225031-00225278": "\"to call someone and talk face-to-face.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00648-00225416-00225639": "Now, this is one of my favorite quotes.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00649-00225876-00226198": "One of our participants, U.S.,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00650-00226198-00226460": "first-year undergraduate male, age 19,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00651-00226460-00226789": "talked about the lady in the library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00652-00226789-00226952": "who helps you find things,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00653-00227048-00227438": "and whenever I questioned him", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00654-00227438-00227796": "which I should not have done as a researcher,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00655-00227796-00228105": "and I said, \"Oh, you mean the librarian?\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00656-00228105-00228475": "And he said, \"No, the lady in the library.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00657-00228475-00228777": "Now, maybe she wasn't a librarian, I don't know,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00658-00228777-00229161": "but regardless, the word librarian was only mentioned", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00659-00229161-00229394": "once in our original interviews", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00660-00229523-00229914": "with the participants in the last year of high school,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00661-00230035-00230257": "first year of college/university.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00662-00230681-00231017": "Now, this is something we call the learning black market.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00663-00231017-00231348": "This is a quote from a U.S. undergraduate student,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00664-00231348-00231571": "so first-year, female, age 19,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00665-00231571-00231840": "and she's talking about Wikipedia:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00666-00231840-00232195": "\"It's like a taboo, I guess, with all teachers,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00667-00232195-00232354": "\"they just all say, you know,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00668-00232354-00232624": "\"when they explain the paper they always say", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00669-00232624-00232873": "\"don't use Wikipedia.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00670-00232873-00233121": "And so this whole learning black market is", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00671-00233121-00233471": "where learners use nontraditional sources", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00672-00233471-00233723": "but feel they cannot talk about them", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00673-00233723-00233977": "in an institutional context.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00674-00233977-00234267": "Now, the tutors, the professors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00675-00234267-00234767": "may not have the same perception as the students,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00676-00234856-00235052": "but this is what comes off.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00677-00235052-00235369": "I don't know about how many of you use Wikipedia,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00678-00235369-00235684": "but I look at it just to familiarize myself", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00679-00235684-00235973": "with the subject, I don't cite it.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00680-00235973-00236154": "When I talk to the the individuals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00681-00236154-00236508": "they say, the students will say they don't cite Wikipedia,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00682-00236508-00236735": "but they'll cite the references", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00683-00236735-00237046": "at the end of the Wikipedia article.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00684-00237046-00237202": "When I ask them if they read them,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00685-00237202-00237502": "most of them say no, they don't read those articles.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00686-00237608-00238108": "This is one student, UK, last year of secondary school,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00687-00238154-00238654": "female, age 16, she says about Wikipedia, \"Avoid it.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00688-00238779-00239153": "U.S., undergraduate student, male, age 19,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00689-00239153-00239314": "first-year undergraduate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00690-00239314-00239635": "\"I mean, if teachers don't like using Wikipedia,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00691-00239635-00239841": "\"they don't want you to use Wikipedia.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00692-00239841-00240128": "\"A lot of students will still use Wikipedia", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00693-00240128-00240330": "\"and then cite another source.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00694-00240330-00240528": "\"As long as it has the same information,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00695-00240528-00240767": "\"and it is not word-for-word or anything,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00696-00240767-00240896": "\"they'll use Wikipedia", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00697-00240896-00241196": "\"because it is the easiest thing to go look up.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00698-00241196-00241554": "\"It will give you a full, in-depth, detailed thing", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00699-00241554-00241720": "\"about the information.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00700-00241720-00241828": "\"Teachers don't like it", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00701-00241828-00242091": "\"because it's not the most reliable source,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00702-00242091-00242356": "\"since anyone can post something on there", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00703-00242356-00242706": "\"even though the site is monitored,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00704-00242706-00242903": "\"it's because it's too easy.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00705-00243075-00243490": "A U.S. first-year undergraduate student, female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00706-00243490-00243642": "\"They, professors,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00707-00244882-00245166": "\"I mean it's not like if you look up Fourth of July,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00708-00245166-00245328": "\"it's not like it gives you, like,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00709-00245328-00245705": "\"some weird explanation of aliens or something.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00710-00245705-00246078": "Another student, U.S., first-year undergraduate,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00711-00246078-00246228": "female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00712-00246228-00246570": "\"I use it kind of like, I won't cite it on my paper,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00713-00246570-00246922": "\"but I kind of use it as like, as a start off line.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00714-00246922-00247169": "\"I go there and look up the general information,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00715-00247169-00247400": "\"kind of read through it so I get a general idea", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00716-00247400-00247812": "\"of what it is, then I start going through my research.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00717-00247812-00248310": "A UK first-year undergraduate, female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00718-00248310-00248602": "\"Everyone knows that you try not to use Wikipedia", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00719-00248602-00248901": "\"as a source because it is a cardinal sin.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00720-00249167-00249554": "This is a statistic from the British Library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00721-00249554-00250013": "They said on their website, 84 of the users", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00722-00250013-00250311": "begin an information search with a search engine", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00723-00250311-00250680": "and then are pushed into their website.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00724-00250830-00251330": "And how many begin their search on a library website?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00725-00251674-00251757": "1%.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00726-00252391-00252594": "So, what can we change?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00727-00252594-00253011": "I think we can improve the OPACs.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00728-00253011-00253471": "There was a study done in 2013,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00729-00253471-00253867": "and 63% of the respondents said they would be likely", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00730-00253867-00254145": "to use a library cell phone app", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00731-00254501-00254828": "that would allow them to access and use library sources", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00732-00254828-00255019": "from their phone.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00733-00255019-00255498": "35% said they would be very likely to use the app,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00734-00255498-00255881": "including 45% of smartphone owners", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00735-00255881-00256139": "and 41% of tablet owners.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00736-00256248-00256655": "There's a quote that we have from a U.S. first-year", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00737-00256655-00256979": "undergraduate student in her diary interview,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00738-00256979-00257142": "female, age 19:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00739-00257279-00257552": "\"Not to mention reading online .PDF books.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00740-00257552-00257815": "\"It's really cool that nowadays you don't have to", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00741-00257815-00258001": "\"go to the library to find a book,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00742-00258001-00258228": "\"that it's right there on your laptop.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00743-00258313-00258801": "This is a U.S. graduate student, female, age 23:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00744-00258931-00259334": "\"I know they, the academic library, changed the website.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00745-00259334-00259641": "\"I think they changed that actually pretty recently,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00746-00259641-00259876": "\"but now it just seems like you have more access", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00747-00259876-00260064": "\"just kind of with your library account,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00748-00260064-00260297": "\"just online you have more access.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00749-00260297-00260582": "\"You don't have to come here, you don't have to call.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00750-00260582-00260716": "\"It just seems like it's easier", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00751-00260716-00260927": "\"to find something in researching.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00752-00261146-00261277": "In our VRS study,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00753-00261371-00261681": "we learned that individuals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00754-00261681-00261979": "wanted text, email, chat,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00755-00261979-00262271": "they wanted to be able to post questions on Facebook,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00756-00262271-00262771": "but even those people who use virtual reference services,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00757-00262870-00263105": "they still preferred face-to-face,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00758-00263105-00263465": "which I find very interesting, that was their preference.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00759-00263604-00263872": "Also, we can provide links", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00760-00264079-00264311": "to our special collections", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00761-00264311-00264641": "and our resources in the social networks.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00762-00264800-00265079": "In 2012 there was an article in", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00763-00265079-00265318": "the Chronicle of Higher Education", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00764-00265318-00265697": "about the University of Nevada, Reno,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00765-00265697-00265871": "where they actually", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00766-00266032-00266380": "provided, they created personas,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00767-00266380-00266857": "two students who were actually at the university in 1913,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00768-00266857-00267357": "and pushed and promoted their special collection", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00769-00267357-00267810": "through the activities of the individuals who came to life.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00770-00267810-00268001": "They had millions of followers,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00771-00268001-00268441": "I talked to the library director or dean", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00772-00268441-00268941": "and she said that the use of their special collections", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00773-00268978-00269385": "had increased astronomically because of this.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00774-00269385-00269740": "Also, the University of Washington includes", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00775-00269740-00270039": "its special collections in the references in Wikipedia.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00776-00270563-00271063": "Well, this is a cite from another study", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00777-00271101-00271355": "that was done in 2013,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00778-00271355-00271686": "and in the past 12 months,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00779-00271686-00272186": "25% of Americans 16 and older visited a library site,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00780-00272328-00272828": "13% used a handheld device to access the library website.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00781-00273054-00273180": "So what can we do?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00782-00273353-00273604": "Well, I think we need to advertise", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00783-00273822-00274111": "what we offer, our brand, and our value.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00784-00274209-00274661": "And the same study that was done in 2013", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00785-00274823-00275088": "says that people told them", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00786-00275088-00275411": "that they wish they were more aware", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00787-00275411-00275764": "of the whole range of services offered by their library.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00788-00275764-00276083": "One focus group member loved her local library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00789-00276083-00276540": "and rated it highly in all areas except communication.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00790-00276540-00276870": "The quote is, \"There's so much good stuff going on,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00791-00276870-00277102": "\"but nobody tells anybody.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00792-00277450-00277826": "When we asked the VRS users", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00793-00277971-00278471": "what they really like about virtual reference services,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00794-00278609-00279023": "one of them said instantaneous help,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00795-00279023-00279436": "and I think that's something we need to think about.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00796-00279436-00279887": "We should be providing search help at the time of need.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00797-00279887-00280387": "I talked to a librarian at St. Louis University", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00798-00280418-00280741": "at ALA Midwinter, and she said the library", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00799-00280741-00281238": "provided pop-up help on their L-pad", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00800-00281238-00281626": "when an individual retrieved zero items,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00801-00281626-00281905": "and she said within the first hour", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00802-00281905-00282214": "20 individuals used that pop-up help.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00803-00282214-00282528": "People are used to that in their retail sites.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00804-00282625-00282994": "We need to make things very familiar", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00805-00282994-00283148": "and comfortable to them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00806-00283288-00283581": "We asked individuals what would be their perfect", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00807-00283745-00284006": "way of getting information, and they'll say,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00808-00284006-00284496": "this is a quote, a female, her age was between 26 and 34:", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00809-00284496-00284956": "\"Something clean, simple, streamlined, and user-friendly,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00810-00284956-00285184": "\"but also credible sources.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00811-00285270-00285753": "It's unfortunate, but there's no right answer,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00812-00285753-00286103": "as I said before, and we often have to provide", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00813-00286202-00286702": "many different modes of services and communication.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00814-00286715-00287082": "This is an example of a simple search bar,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00815-00287082-00287389": "it's in Trove which is the catalog", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00816-00287389-00287628": "for the National Library of Australia.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00817-00287735-00288100": "Another thing that Larcon Dempsey had talked about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00818-00288100-00288441": "is looking at social networks", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00819-00288441-00288861": "and providing the opportunity for individuals", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00820-00288861-00289328": "to provide links to music, photos, videos,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00821-00289328-00289828": "to review, to tag, to comment, to rate items,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00822-00289900-00290400": "and this would really be helpful in our OPACs.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00823-00290726-00290984": "This is the Westerville Public Library,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00824-00290984-00291484": "which is in Ohio, and you can see some of the similarities", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00825-00291496-00291936": "between it and the look of Amazon.com.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00826-00292394-00292664": "This is a quote by Brian Matthews,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00827-00292664-00293015": "and I think it all comes down to relationship building,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00828-00293015-00293240": "and that's something we've learned.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00829-00293240-00293716": "You need to let individuals know you're there,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00830-00293716-00293984": "the whole thing about the embedded librarian", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00831-00293984-00294244": "where maybe we don't need to be in a library,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00832-00294244-00294494": "maybe we should be within the departments,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00833-00294494-00294968": "attending the classes either virtually or face-to-face.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00834-00294968-00295432": "When we talk to librarians, virtual reference librarians,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00835-00295432-00295870": "and we ask them to identify successful", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00836-00295870-00296252": "virtual reference encounters, they said", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00837-00296252-00296643": "that they were successful when they were able", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00838-00296643-00297005": "to offer instruction and specialized knowledge,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00839-00297005-00297282": "and when the user had a positive attitude.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00840-00297282-00297657": "When we asked users of virtual reference services", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00841-00297657-00298092": "what made a successful virtual reference encounter,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00842-00298092-00298536": "they said that those that provided the convenience", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00843-00298536-00298924": "and accurate answers, and comfortable with the service.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00844-00298924-00299424": "However, if they did not get the answer,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00845-00299451-00299866": "but the librarian was respectful and kind", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00846-00299866-00300315": "and had some form of interpersonal communication", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00847-00300315-00300682": "with that individual, the individual still felt", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00848-00300682-00301182": "that that was a successful encounter,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00849-00301183-00301453": "and I think that should tell us something right there.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00850-00301708-00301970": "All of the references should be available here,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00851-00301970-00302372": "and now I'll turn it over to Todd", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00852-00302372-00302676": "and we can take some questions.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00853-00303334-00303495": "- [Todd] Okay, thank you, Lynn.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00854-00303495-00303671": "We do have a few questions.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00855-00303757-00304081": "First of all, from Robert Boise, he asks", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00856-00304081-00304305": "have you heard faculty say that basic .PDF", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00857-00304305-00304578": "of articles and chapters are actually a good", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00858-00304578-00304769": "lowest common denominator format,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00859-00304769-00304973": "easy to assign and to gather?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00860-00304973-00305208": "And he assures us he is not a shield for Adobe.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00861-00305336-00305550": "- [Lynn] Oh. (laughs)", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00862-00305550-00305891": "No, actually, they really didn't.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00863-00305891-00306111": "One of the things that did come up,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00864-00306111-00306538": "and this has been coming up throughout the studies,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00865-00306538-00306696": "I should have mentioned, we've been asking", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00866-00306696-00307031": "some of these same questions since 2003,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00867-00307031-00307403": "and something that does come up was that", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00868-00307403-00307736": "they really would like the experience of", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00869-00307975-00308276": "an electronic item to be like the print.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00870-00308276-00308575": "So they want to be able to highlight, to tag.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00871-00308575-00308853": "I know we can do that in some Adobe.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00872-00308853-00309177": "One of the things that came out was,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00873-00309363-00309760": "especially with researchers, when they're researching,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00874-00309760-00310126": "and I do this, my office is just filled with", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00875-00310126-00310590": "their papers, their books, their multiple screens open,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00876-00310590-00311090": "and the individuals want to be able to bookmark, tag,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00877-00311104-00311421": "and so that's another thing that comes up is", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00878-00311421-00311820": "the way we work, and this may not necessarily", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00879-00312015-00312311": "fit the whole Adobe,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00880-00312311-00312740": "but there hasn't been a lot of", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00881-00312740-00313005": "complaints about it, so that's probably a good thing.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00882-00313443-00313804": "- [Todd] Okay, next question, also from Robert,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00883-00313804-00314076": "do any of the 84% of users starting research", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00884-00314076-00314236": "on a search engine understand", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00885-00314236-00314477": "that a web-scale discovery service on a library site", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00886-00314477-00314718": "is a search engine, or is just 84%", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00887-00314718-00314892": "just Google, Bing, Yahoo?", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00888-00315265-00315598": "- [Lynn] What this study reported was", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00889-00315598-00315822": "that they Google,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00890-00315973-00316406": "mostly Google, Yahoo is the next one that they use,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00891-00316406-00316765": "and that they're pushed into", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00892-00316765-00317143": "the library website at that point.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00893-00317143-00317389": "Individuals, what we have found,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00894-00317389-00317654": "do not really understand", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00895-00317752-00318138": "the difference, as I said,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00896-00318138-00318618": "between open access, proprietary information,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00897-00318618-00318781": "they don't understand the difference", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00898-00318781-00319118": "between databases, journals,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00899-00319118-00319599": "the bibliographic record for a book", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00900-00319599-00320099": "versus a journal article like we have WorldCat.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00901-00320388-00320753": "When they see different format as well", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00902-00320753-00321035": "pulled up on a catalog entry,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00903-00321035-00321326": "I mean from a retrieval from an online catalog,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00904-00321326-00321704": "they can't figure out why we have multiple records", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00905-00321704-00321850": "for the same thing.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00906-00321850-00322255": "So, the users basically, most of them", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00907-00322255-00322515": "are not that sophisticated.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00908-00323201-00323701": "- [Todd] Okay, next, also from Robert, he writes,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00909-00323718-00323954": "\"I wonder if a lot of undergrads would know the difference", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00910-00323954-00324168": "\"between a book chapter and a journal article", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00911-00324168-00324376": "\"on many parts of the web.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00912-00324548-00324840": "- [Lynn] Uh, they do not, and when we talk to them", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00913-00324840-00325113": "it is quite obvious.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00914-00325113-00325523": "Unfortunately, it changes, what we're finding", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00915-00325523-00325859": "in this three-year study, as things change,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00916-00325859-00326174": "as the individuals progress", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00917-00326174-00326405": "through their educational stages,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00918-00326620-00327120": "because they become more ingrained within that discipline,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00919-00327226-00327536": "but no, they do not understand the difference", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00920-00327536-00328036": "between most of the different types of resources.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00921-00328642-00328737": "- [Todd] All right,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00922-00328960-00329244": "that's really all of the questions that we have.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00923-00329371-00329661": "There are a couple more comments that were made,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00924-00329661-00330070": "and I just wanted to get your thoughts on this", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00925-00330070-00330279": "from Robert again, \"I may just be crotchety,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00926-00330279-00330474": "\"but the degree of reliance on anonymous", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00927-00330474-00330753": "\"crowdsource Wikipedia, and Google's collaboration", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00928-00330753-00331056": "\"and pushing Wikipedia to the top of all results", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00929-00331056-00331278": "\"means our higher education system is more or less", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00930-00331278-00331486": "\"under assault by populous.\"", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00931-00331862-00331998": "- [Lynn] It could be.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00932-00331998-00332453": "Many of the individuals who,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00933-00332453-00332757": "and I didn't have time to read some of these quotes,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00934-00332757-00333015": "but many of the individuals who talk about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00935-00333117-00333617": "the crowdsourcing and looking at the ratings", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00936-00333707-00333972": "and the reviews and those things,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00937-00334068-00334568": "many of the graduate students and upper-level undergraduate", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00938-00334608-00335108": "students, and most of the faculty scholars, researchers,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00939-00335131-00335433": "say that they look at those,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00940-00335433-00335864": "but they don't necessarily trust them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00941-00335864-00336253": "So, I think that people like them.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00942-00336253-00336753": "They said they especially like them for fiction,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00943-00336870-00337370": "but when it comes to nonfiction, I think people are", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00944-00337408-00337908": "somewhat more critical of what others post.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00945-00337969-00338469": "But I almost think it's, well, it's like me on Facebook.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00946-00338629-00338812": "I'll see what people are posting,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00947-00338812-00339167": "and I'm very interested in seeing what they're doing,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00948-00339167-00339513": "and to follow them,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00949-00339513-00339953": "but I'm a visitor, I'm working,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00950-00339953-00340412": "I'm not posting a lot or posting a lot on their pages,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00951-00340412-00340711": "and I think that's what people like about", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00952-00340711-00340929": "the whole crowdsourcing.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00953-00340929-00341188": "We have found with the virtual reference", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00954-00341290-00341678": "that many of the individuals will go directly,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00955-00341678-00341920": "I mean when they put in a question in Google", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00956-00342062-00342401": "they will be pushed to Yahoo Answers", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00957-00342401-00342886": "or some type of social question-and-answer site,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00958-00342886-00343198": "and they use those more than they use", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00959-00343198-00343425": "our virtual reference services,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00960-00343425-00343693": "and they think they're just fine.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00961-00343693-00343951": "And when we have been looking at the transcripts", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00962-00343951-00344446": "of these SQA and evaluating them for accuracy,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00963-00344542-00344803": "some of them aren't so accurate.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00964-00344803-00345010": "But again, I think people satisfice,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00965-00345010-00345295": "and then some people know and they're much more critical.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00966-00345863-00346240": "- [Todd] All right, well, that is all the questions we have", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00967-00346240-00346426": "and also all the time that we have.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00968-00346426-00346713": "So, I'd like to once again, on behalf of", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00969-00346713-00346862": "the NASIG Continuing Education Committee,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00970-00346862-00347015": "thank Lynn for her presentation", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00971-00347015-00347261": "and thank you all for registering,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00972-00347261-00347499": "and remind you that whenever you leave", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00973-00347499-00347654": "you'll be redirected to a survey.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00974-00347654-00347825": "Please take a few minutes to fill that out", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00975-00347825-00348197": "and let us know how we're doing, how we can improve,", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00976-00348197-00348560": "and what other topics you might like to hear from us.", "bBRgm1lZSRU-00977-00348560-00348816": "And with that, this is Todd Enoch."}}, {"audio_id": "bBWMzf30vIU", "text": {"bBWMzf30vIU-00000-00000000-00000501": "Welcome to my video", "bBWMzf30vIU-00001-00000505-00001000": "Thank you for this video view", "bBWMzf30vIU-00002-00001000-00001508": "Like, sub, share, support my channel.", "bBWMzf30vIU-00003-00001516-00002000": "Thank you very much"}}, {"audio_id": "bC6zo8RB4ro", "text": {"bC6zo8RB4ro-00000-00000000-00000451": "Bubble Clouds have 2 parts:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00001-00000451-00000955": "1) Put widgets on your homescreens of your phone or tablet.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00002-00000955-00001607": "2) Or use the app on your smartwatch.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00003-00001607-00002292": "Clouds of bubbles are color circles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00004-00002292-00002902": "Use them to open apps, contacts, bookmarks or Tasker programs.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00005-00002902-00003461": "The more you use a bubble the bigger it will grow.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00006-00003461-00003947": "We start with the widgets.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00007-00003947-00004061": "Android Wear part starts at 4:10", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00008-00004061-00004569": "0. Go to the widgets in your Launcher. 1. Add widget to blank page", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00009-00004569-00005130": "2. Long press to make widget bigger", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00010-00005130-00005489": "3. Click on widget to add bubbles", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00011-00005489-00006028": "4. Set the name of the cloud 5. Click on icons to add them", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00012-00006028-00006697": "You can filter on Play Store categories. And use +++ to add all of them.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00013-00006697-00007397": "6. Press checkmark when you are done.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00014-00007397-00007884": "In some launchers the bubbles appear distorted.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00015-00007884-00008443": "Because the launcher reports the wrong widget size.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00016-00008443-00009075": "Workaround: Enable “Launcher compatibility mode”", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00017-00009075-00009757": "This let you measure the widget.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00018-00009757-00010102": "Position red and green corners.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00019-00010102-00010670": "Press yellow checkmark.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00020-00010670-00011202": "You will also need to measure the widget to enable animation.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00021-00011202-00011696": "Click (+) to modify the cloud.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00022-00011696-00012402": "Change color and size of bubbles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00023-00012402-00012540": "Select a different icon for the bubble.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00024-00012540-00013219": "Use icons from standard icon packs.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00025-00013219-00013730": "Long press trashcan to delete a bubble.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00026-00013730-00014454": "New icons appear in the center.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00027-00014454-00014981": "Change the space between bubbles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00028-00014981-00015760": "Use arrows to rotate the cloud.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00029-00015760-00016334": "Press (+) to add more bubbles and to change cloud parameters.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00030-00016334-00016867": "You can make the background transparent.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00031-00016867-00017339": "You can freeze bubble sizes.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00032-00017404-00017941": "Auto population:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00033-00017941-00018445": "When you install new apps they are added automatically.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00034-00018445-00019123": "You can add bubbles which will start “Tasker” tasks.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00035-00019123-00019673": "You can change the icon pack. Please watch my other video.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00036-00019673-00020487": "You can set default options in the settings app.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00037-00020487-00021210": "For example: you can hide the pencil.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00038-00021210-00021755": "Double click the background to edit the cloud.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00039-00021755-00022282": "In the Premium version you can have multiple widgets.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00040-00022282-00022790": "And you can add contacts and bookmarks too.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00041-00022790-00023319": "Bookmark bubbles open web pages.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00042-00023319-00023797": "You have to share the page to Bubble Clouds.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00043-00023797-00024479": "You can save bubbles when you delete a widget.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00044-00024479-00024991": "The bubbles can be restored to a new widget.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00045-00024991-00025519": "There are two usage modes on the smartwatch:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00046-00025519-00025773": "App drawer", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00047-00025773-00026388": "Pull from the edge of the screen.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00048-00026388-00027225": "Only the upper half is sensitive.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00049-00027225-00027769": "Answer calls on the bottom half.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00050-00027769-00028533": "You can also double click the edge.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00051-00028533-00029294": "The other usage mode: interactive watch face.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00052-00029294-00029802": "Bubbles can show live information: date, battery, step count, weather.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00053-00029802-00030434": "White clock: bubbles are active.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00054-00030434-00030977": "White clock: bubbles are active. Click to change to black.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00055-00030977-00031488": "Black Clock: The regular watch face gestures work.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00056-00031488-00032115": "Swipe down: quick settings. Swipe up: notification cards.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00057-00032115-00032620": "Swipe left: system lists.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00058-00032620-00033228": "Hollow bubbles: Save battery and prevent display burn in.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00059-00033228-00033900": "You can show only the clock and a few bubbles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00060-00033900-00034434": "In circular layout bubbles are rotated to prevent display burn in.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00061-00034434-00035003": "Use the settings app on the phone.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00062-00035003-00035624": "You can select which usage mode: “watchface” or “app drawer”", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00063-00035624-00036241": "You can organize bubbles into two or more clouds:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00064-00036241-00036850": "Favorites: one screen. Archives: expand horizontally.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00065-00036850-00037450": "Long press bubbles to move.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00066-00037450-00038022": "Screen brightness control.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00067-00038022-00038388": "Automatic brightness works on watches with light meter.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00068-00038388-00038987": "If your watch has OLED screen you can dim ambient screen.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00069-00038987-00039523": "Only works in watchface mode. Good in the cinema or at night.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00070-00039523-00040356": "The app remembers your daytime and night setting.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00071-00040356-00040486": "It will apply them at sunset and sunrise.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00072-00040486-00041126": "You can select from many layouts.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00073-00041126-00041694": "Not only random cloud of bubbles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00074-00041694-00042237": "You can set more structured arrangements.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00075-00042237-00042756": "Bubbles can grow to different size.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00076-00042756-00043304": "You can order them by size or alphabetically.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00077-00043304-00043831": "You can create custom layouts with the drag-and-drop editor.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00078-00043831-00044403": "You have complete control over the size and position.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00079-00044403-00044998": "You can share your layouts using the clipboard.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00080-00044998-00045556": "You could see different icons on the screens.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00081-00045556-00046142": "You can use standard Android icon packs.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00082-00046142-00046769": "You can change individual icons or all of them at once.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00083-00046769-00047255": "You can even change the style of the LiveInfo bubbles.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00084-00047255-00047722": "Background color.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00085-00047722-00048276": "Background image.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00086-00048276-00049130": "You can customize the clock bubble colors and graphics.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00087-00049130-00049768": "Navigation drawer: Wear Cloud Editor.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00088-00049768-00050314": "Select which cloud: favorites, archive or hide", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00089-00050376-00050931": "You can assign LiveInfo", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00090-00050931-00051534": "Bubble for the calendar app can show the date.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00091-00051534-00052200": "Fitness bubble shows daily step count.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00092-00052200-00052713": "Weather bubble shows temperature.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00093-00052713-00053277": "Wifi bubble can toggle wifi-hotspot.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00094-00053277-00053904": "I invented “sticky open”.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00095-00053904-00054365": "Double click apps to open them in sticky mode.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00096-00054365-00055053": "They will come back when you wake up your watch.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00097-00055053-00055616": "Long press blue lock to turn off.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00098-00055616-00056178": "Long press clock bubble: full screen clock with seconds hand", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00099-00056178-00056776": "Double click clock bubble: voice search", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00100-00056776-00057874": "Find my phone", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00101-00057874-00058255": "Tasker bubbles start tasks or apps on phone.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00102-00058333-00058914": "You can make music controls or anything else.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00103-00058914-00059008": "Charging display:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00104-00059008-00059678": "The screen rotates when you plug in the charger.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00105-00059678-00060140": "Preserve your health:", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00106-00060140-00060709": "Watch can tell you if you have been sitting for too long.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00107-00060709-00061276": "Contact Cloud: Add maximum 15 contacts.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00108-00061276-00061863": "Recent callers or favorites.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00109-00061863-00062371": "Long press icon to set default action.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00110-00062371-00062903": "Long press to clear the default.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00111-00062903-00063203": "I plan to add more features!", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00112-00063257-00063837": "This is a complete system.", "bC6zo8RB4ro-00113-00063837-00064157": "Please email me if you have questions."}}, {"audio_id": "bCoVwjHp728", "text": {"bCoVwjHp728-00000-00000006-00000576": "Israel was famously described in the times of the Bible as the land of milk and honey. But", "bCoVwjHp728-00001-00000576-00001158": "today parts of it could be described as the land of skyscrapers and newfound tech wealth. From its", "bCoVwjHp728-00002-00001158-00001728": "humble socialist origins in the 1940s, Israel has transformed its economy in remarkably short time", "bCoVwjHp728-00003-00001728-00002298": "all while facing ongoing challenges to its very survival. Today, Israel is a thoroughly modern", "bCoVwjHp728-00004-00002298-00002784": "economy with a vibrant technology sector at its nucleus. It has developed world", "bCoVwjHp728-00005-00002784-00003515": "and region leading expertise in fields like cyber security, agritech and water management. In 2023,", "bCoVwjHp728-00006-00003515-00004170": "more than 90 Israeli companies are listed on U.S stock exchanges including the NASDAQ. Although the", "bCoVwjHp728-00007-00004170-00004854": "following year saw a downturn in numbers, 2021 was the record-breaking year for foreign investment in", "bCoVwjHp728-00008-00004854-00005364": "the Israeli technology scene. According to IVC research - which tracks dealflows into", "bCoVwjHp728-00009-00005364-00006108": "Israeli companies - 2021 was the record year for investment in Israel with more than 25 billion US", "bCoVwjHp728-00010-00006108-00006840": "dollars invested in Israeli startups in a total of 773 deals. Startup exits in the same year were", "bCoVwjHp728-00011-00006840-00007590": "valued at 82.4 billion US dollars - also a record amount. With so much wealth being created within", "bCoVwjHp728-00012-00007590-00008028": "and from the Israeli tech bubble, it would be fair to assume that your average Israeli", "bCoVwjHp728-00013-00008028-00008520": "was - financially speaking at least - very well off. However, there are some other facts about", "bCoVwjHp728-00014-00008520-00009066": "Israel which paint a very different picture. For example, Israel has one of the highest rates of", "bCoVwjHp728-00015-00009066-00009702": "poverty in the developed world. According to a report released by the Latet nonprofit, in 2022,", "bCoVwjHp728-00016-00009702-00010596": "830 000 households in Israel lived below the poverty line. That figure is equivalent to 27.7%", "bCoVwjHp728-00017-00010596-00011484": "of the country's entire population. During the pandemic that figure rose to 38.6%. An additional", "bCoVwjHp728-00018-00011484-00011994": "one in five families in Israel are not currently living below the poverty line but are in danger of", "bCoVwjHp728-00019-00011994-00012618": "falling below it according to the organization. In 2019, Israel's national statistics body,", "bCoVwjHp728-00020-00012618-00013296": "the Central Bureau of Statistics or CBS, reported that 22 percent of families in Israel live in a", "bCoVwjHp728-00021-00013296-00013866": "near-constant state of financial overdraft with their bank accounts in the red during 10 months", "bCoVwjHp728-00022-00013866-00014460": "of the preceding year. Perhaps more astoundingly, 42 percent of respondents said that they had been", "bCoVwjHp728-00023-00014460-00014976": "in overdraft for at least one month during the preceding year. Here are some more eye-opening", "bCoVwjHp728-00024-00014976-00015654": "statistics. A study released by Hanley and Partners in September 2022 found that 1 in", "bCoVwjHp728-00025-00015654-00016254": "10 residents of the coastal city of Tel Aviv - which in 2021 was named the most expensive", "bCoVwjHp728-00026-00016254-00017022": "city in the world - was officially a millionaire. 2260 Tel Avivians had fortunes worth more than 10", "bCoVwjHp728-00027-00017022-00017688": "million US dollars, 118 residents were worth more than 100 million, and a lucky 12 were officially", "bCoVwjHp728-00028-00017688-00018288": "estimated to be billionaires. Data released by Credit Suisse in 2019 showed that Israel had the", "bCoVwjHp728-00029-00018288-00018972": "fifth highest per capita rate of millionaires in the entire world with an estimated 131,000", "bCoVwjHp728-00030-00019032-00019590": "millionaires living in the country. That density of millionaires was surpassed only by Hong Kong,", "bCoVwjHp728-00031-00019590-00020082": "Norway, Portugal, and the Netherlands. I could go on with the statistics but", "bCoVwjHp728-00032-00020082-00020538": "I hope one thing's already clear: there is both enormous wealth and huge poverty", "bCoVwjHp728-00033-00020538-00020934": "in Israel. This seems to point to only one thing: that there is a high level of income", "bCoVwjHp728-00034-00020934-00021312": "inequality in the country. The best-known formula for estimating income inequality", "bCoVwjHp728-00035-00021312-00021828": "is the Gini Coefficient. A Gini coefficient of 0 represents perfect income equality in", "bCoVwjHp728-00036-00021828-00022362": "an economy while a figure of 1 is a hypothetical state of perfect inequality. Or put more simply,", "bCoVwjHp728-00037-00022362-00022848": "the higher a country's Gini coefficient and the more it trends towards 1 the greater the level of", "bCoVwjHp728-00038-00022848-00023364": "income inequality in that country. The Geni index converts that number to a percentage. And in 2018,", "bCoVwjHp728-00039-00023364-00024150": "Israel's Gini coefficient stood at 0.351. It's useful to measure Israel's number in this regard", "bCoVwjHp728-00040-00024150-00024696": "against the other member nations of the OECD - the Organization for Economic Cooperation", "bCoVwjHp728-00041-00024696-00025344": "and Development. The 38 countries of the OECD are committed to democracy and market economies. Using", "bCoVwjHp728-00042-00025344-00026339": "its 2019 Gini coefficient of 0.342, Israel places ninth on the OECD scale. Latvia is one place ahead", "bCoVwjHp728-00043-00026339-00026976": "meaning slightly more unequal and Romania is one place below meaning slightly more equal.", "bCoVwjHp728-00044-00026976-00027845": "Costa Rica leads the chart at 0.487 in the 2021 data while the Slovak Republic is the most equal", "bCoVwjHp728-00045-00027845-00028758": "with a Gini coefficient of only 0.222 based on its 2019 data. For comparison, in 2021, the U.S", "bCoVwjHp728-00046-00028758-00029526": "had a Gini coefficient of 0.375 roughly 10 percent more unequal than Israel. A trend graph from The", "bCoVwjHp728-00047-00029526-00030108": "Shoresh Institution shows the Gini coefficient slowly climbing in Israel since the 1970s", "bCoVwjHp728-00048-00030108-00030683": "alongside that of the United States which is now one of the most unequal nations in the world. When", "bCoVwjHp728-00049-00030683-00031326": "Haredim (ultra-Orthodox Jews) and Arab Israelis are excluded from the analysis, income inequality", "bCoVwjHp728-00050-00031326-00031902": "begins to look a lot less extreme, mirroring that of European geographies. So how can income", "bCoVwjHp728-00051-00031902-00032514": "inequality be reduced in Israel? That's a question probably best left up to Professor Dan Ben David,", "bCoVwjHp728-00052-00032514-00033102": "President of the Shoresh Institution who I'll be interviewing for this YouTube channel later this", "bCoVwjHp728-00053-00033102-00033612": "month. If you have a burning question about income inequality in Israel for Professor Ben David,", "bCoVwjHp728-00054-00033612-00034074": "feel free to drop it in the comments or send me an email. I'll pose the best two questions I", "bCoVwjHp728-00055-00034074-00034608": "get to him. But income inequality and the Gini coefficient can be reduced in two fundamental", "bCoVwjHp728-00056-00034608-00035244": "ways. By making the rich less well-off - for example by aggressive and progressive income tax", "bCoVwjHp728-00057-00035244-00035880": "regimes. Or by attempting to make the poor better off. Most countries' policies focus on the latter.", "bCoVwjHp728-00058-00035880-00036444": "Some potential answers for Israel seem pretty straightforward. Increase education and workforce", "bCoVwjHp728-00059-00036444-00037002": "participation among demographics which lag behind the rest of the economy. In Israel these", "bCoVwjHp728-00060-00037002-00037548": "traditionally include both the ultra-orthodox Jewish sector (Haredim) and Arab Israelis.", "bCoVwjHp728-00061-00037548-00038124": "Increase participation in the high-tech sector of the economy where wages far outpace those of the", "bCoVwjHp728-00062-00038124-00038598": "economy in general. One way to achieve this is by ensuring that children are offered a robust", "bCoVwjHp728-00063-00038598-00039102": "education in STEM subjects - science, technology, engineering, and mathematics - which can form the", "bCoVwjHp728-00064-00039102-00039600": "basis for careers in these potentially lucrative industries. And finally, reduce Israel's", "bCoVwjHp728-00065-00039600-00040098": "astronomically high cost of living. Israel has one of the highest costs of living in the world", "bCoVwjHp728-00066-00040098-00040650": "especially relative to income. Successive Israeli governments have focused on tackling this issue", "bCoVwjHp728-00067-00040650-00041244": "at its root causes which include high levels of bureaucracy and protectionist economic policies.", "bCoVwjHp728-00068-00041244-00041892": "Israel has undoubtedly come a vast way from the socialist agrarian economy of the 1940s", "bCoVwjHp728-00069-00041892-00042540": "dominated by strong social supports and the idea that prosperity should be shared by all. However", "bCoVwjHp728-00070-00042540-00043122": "Israel's fervent embrace of capitalist ideology and the widening gap between its general economy", "bCoVwjHp728-00071-00043122-00043758": "and the runaway success of its technology sector has also created serious and growing socioeconomic", "bCoVwjHp728-00072-00043758-00044250": "gaps. As Israel navigates the complicated waters of a likely global recession it will", "bCoVwjHp728-00073-00044250-00044754": "also face the challenge of trying to ensure a more equitable spread of wealth among both its", "bCoVwjHp728-00074-00044754-00045204": "current populations and generations to come. If there's a topic about life in Israel you'd like", "bCoVwjHp728-00075-00045204-00045654": "to see me produce a video about, please consider dropping me an email or leaving a comment. Thank", "bCoVwjHp728-00076-00045654-00046056": "you for watching. To get more videos like these, please consider hitting the subscribe button."}}, {"audio_id": "bCtLUfcAUR4", "text": {"bCtLUfcAUR4-00000-00000000-00000200": "ច្បាប់កេរកាលថ្មី"}}, {"audio_id": "bCHQJ1j7olk", "text": {"bCHQJ1j7olk-00000-00000050-00000368": "I failed the rap audition program, but I'm going to rap for two parts.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00001-00000388-00000850": "The land I'm treading on, the land I've been suffering from hunger in the North!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00002-00001032-00001164": "It's over?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00004-00001558-00001632": "joyjoy2!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00005-00001638-00001766": "What are you doing?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00006-00001788-00001960": "Shh. I'm working on it.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00007-00001989-00002086": "What kind of work?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00008-00002132-00002218": "writing Rap", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00009-00002218-00002320": "Drop the Beat", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00010-00002364-00002676": "uncontrollable excitement", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00012-00002838-00002938": "hi", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00013-00003104-00003384": "hello", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00014-00003486-00003676": "Let's meet two rappers from the North.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00015-00003782-00003954": "I'm raping because I'm crazy about rap.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00016-00004018-00004296": "\"rapper Gozo\"", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00017-00004406-00004576": "I'm Kang Chun Hyuk", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00018-00004618-00004752": "and I'm a painter.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00019-00004806-00004998": "I'm now doing music as a serve", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00020-00005040-00005240": "Kang Chun Hyuk", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00021-00005316-00005454": "Two rappers from the North", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00022-00005500-00005642": "Where are you from?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00023-00005642-00005842": "We're in Onseong, North Hamgyong Province", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00024-00005886-00006266": "If you look at the map, there's Russia and China at the top, right?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00025-00006272-00006540": "There's a place underneath it that's very cold, called Onseong.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00026-00006548-00006790": "Isn't it really far away?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00027-00006809-00007078": "On the Korean Peninsula, it's on the other side of Busan.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00028-00007098-00007254": "End and end.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00029-00007254-00007414": "How old were you in North Korea?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00030-00007431-00007731": "We were both there until we were 12.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00031-00007750-00008006": "I ran away first, and this guy ran away.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00032-00008028-00008332": "Did you two ever talk about running together?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00033-00008332-00008660": "When you betray North, you must betray him quietly.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00034-00008684-00008932": "If we talk together, we'll die together.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00035-00008946-00009154": "We'll be going to a coal mine.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00036-00009186-00009356": "You didn't know each other then?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00037-00009382-00009536": "They went first, so there was a rumor.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00038-00009536-00009820": "traitors appeared!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00039-00009820-00009912": "who?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00040-00009912-00010060": "Gozo's family!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00041-00010060-00010162": "It was then.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00042-00010202-00010630": "My father was from the military, but he was discharged from military service.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00043-00010630-00010774": "Because he was sick", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00044-00010782-00010946": "After he was discharged from the army, we became very difficult.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00045-00010962-00011130": "If you're discharged, isn't the government going to apply?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00046-00011130-00011550": "There's nothing like that. Cause it's not an honorable discharge", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00047-00011590-00011966": "And  North Korea was really hard in the late '90s", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00048-00011986-00012234": "My house also has one meal every 2 days.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00049-00012266-00012390": "One meal every 2 days?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00050-00012390-00012480": "yes", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00051-00012490-00012710": "We usually eat 'Pudaejuk'", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00052-00012778-00013010": "Ninety percent of the grasses, ten percent of the corn", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00053-00013010-00013432": "And boil... Yes, It's Grass porridge.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00054-00013440-00013546": "Grass porridge...", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00055-00013558-00013628": "I was kind of like this.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00056-00013628-00014102": "My father ran away to China first, actually I didn't know where he was.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00057-00014102-00014319": "At that time, my family was hard", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00058-00014319-00014652": "Especially, typhoid fever, cholera and other diseases were being transmitted in North Korea.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00059-00014660-00014910": "He told me he went to business", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00060-00014930-00015162": "But When I heard about  him, and he's in jail.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00061-00015182-00015416": "My father was malnourished because he was in prison", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00062-00015436-00016280": "So i bribed and asked them to send him out for about two weeks to help him nourish him for a while.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00063-00016280-00016388": "So when my father came out", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00064-00016388-00016726": "He talked to us. \"Now we have to go.\"", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00065-00016754-00016832": "In prison?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00066-00016832-00016934": "No, no, in China.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00067-00016974-00017198": "lol ,With your family in prison?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00068-00017230-00017408": "Focus, please. LOL", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00071-00017508-00017806": "We crossed the Tumen River with 9 people at a time.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00072-00017892-00018126": "Now he can laugh and say,", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00073-00018132-00018438": "but it was a painful past for my family who jumped into the crossroads of life and death", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00074-00018510-00018682": "Wow, that's so scary.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00075-00018760-00019014": "If I had a navigation, I would've taken my destination.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00076-00019060-00019208": "I didn't have.hahahaha", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00077-00019274-00019548": "For about three years, my family hid here and there in China", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00078-00019548-00019850": "We've been hiding all the time.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00079-00019850-00020090": "We've been living there for 10 years and 100 years, but we're still illegal", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00080-00020092-00020448": "But In Korea, we can study and go to the hospital if we are sick.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00081-00020454-00020722": "How do you teach in North Korea about South korea?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00082-00020740-00020974": "I teach  that Korea is a bare, hungry land.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00083-00020986-00021173": "really?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00084-00021174-00021620": "They're full of beggars and that they're under America control.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00085-00021628-00022188": "a country like us, we have to believe all the stories of our parents and teachers.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00086-00022202-00022550": "In South Korea, the South Korean children get fat to get blood,", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00087-00022552-00022990": "They just brush shoes ,  and when they close their eyes, they cut their noses, and there's a lot of crooks", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00088-00022990-00023174": "We've heard this story a lot.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00089-00023174-00023454": "So I was eating frozen potatoes in North Korea.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00090-00023466-00024110": "\"If it's unified, I should share it with the South Korean kids. \"I thought.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00091-00024110-00024346": "\"poor boys\" I thought.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00092-00024346-00024706": "BUT!  South Koreans don't even eat potatoes!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00093-00024756-00024918": "They love meat soup.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00094-00024944-00025068": "There are many delicious things in Korea!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00095-00025108-00025298": "There's always bad guys.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00096-00025324-00025648": "When I was in China, there was a person who reported my family.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00097-00025664-00026266": "The lights were lit at dawn, and the public security guard came and opened the door.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00098-00026310-00027002": "My cousin also lived with me. He reached out to me as he walked out through the window and asked me to come out.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00099-00027058-00027824": "But I can't. Because The public security guards caught parents.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00100-00027842-00028156": "So I got caught, too.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00101-00028210-00028452": "We came out after a month in jail.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00102-00028474-00028636": "I thought 'we were going to North Korea'", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00103-00028636-00028768": "I've been thinking a lot.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00104-00028794-00029242": "My friends are going to make fun of me, my parents are going to jai", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00105-00029266-00029682": "and I'm just starting to think, and suddenly the car stops and they want us to go!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00106-00029706-00030218": "So I though, \"What is it? Aren't you shooting from the back?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00107-00030256-00030789": "Turns out my cousin bribed and we were released.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00108-00030806-00031024": "That's when we decided. Let's go to Korea.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00109-00031268-00031569": "They say it's harder because of tight security these days.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00110-00031570-00031942": "So,  have to pay 18 million won to get one.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00111-00031968-00032258": "But  sadly there's a lot of scammers,", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00112-00032258-00032427": "It's a life-or-death thing.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00113-00032427-00032504": "Say something to the bad guys.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00114-00032560-00032794": "Don't play around with people's lives.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00115-00032794-00032848": "(North Korea bad word)", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00116-00032862-00033126": "What are some bad words in North Korea?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00117-00033132-00033726": "In North Korea, they use cursing as a metaphor.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00118-00033902-00034199": "\"The word is getting shorter ( Don't you use honorifics?)\" ----->", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00119-00034200-00034432": "\"It's burning from the word\"", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00120-00034432-00034482": "Swag!", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00121-00034542-00034880": "When you're being rude to your brother,", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00122-00035158-00035342": "your word is getting slip", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00123-00035402-00035740": "oh~ metaphorically", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00124-00035860-00036096": "Do you want to change the order of the ribs?", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00125-00036244-00036526": "Why don't you change the order of the ribs to a revolutionary one", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00126-00036526-00036722": "How much pain do you think it's gonna hurt? lol", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00127-00036722-00036840": "the next", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00128-00036914-00037160": "MBC is too small to hold you.", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00129-00037160-00037316": "wow", "bCHQJ1j7olk-00130-00037380-00037950": "It will be released in the critically acclaimed first rap of her life, the next episode"}}, {"audio_id": "bCSyo2klrA8", "text": {"bCSyo2klrA8-00000-00000363-00000622": "(bright music)", "bCSyo2klrA8-00001-00002120-00002321": "Welcome to Short Arts.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00002-00002321-00002584": "This is my take on Wim Delvoye's \"Cloaca\"", "bCSyo2klrA8-00003-00002584-00002866": "from 2000 to 2007.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00004-00002866-00002979": "The artwork is a machine", "bCSyo2klrA8-00005-00002979-00003215": "that literally produces shit.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00006-00003215-00003417": "At one end, the machine is fed food", "bCSyo2klrA8-00007-00003417-00003683": "and it goes through a series of digestion machines,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00008-00003683-00003847": "moving down a conveyor belt", "bCSyo2klrA8-00009-00003847-00004142": "until finally, a turd is extruded.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00010-00004142-00004342": "It is then vacuumed packed and sold.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00011-00004433-00004727": "So how do we read this shit art?", "bCSyo2klrA8-00012-00004727-00004851": "Well it could be a comment", "bCSyo2klrA8-00013-00004851-00005016": "on the post-human body,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00014-00005016-00005210": "where our most basic functions", "bCSyo2klrA8-00015-00005210-00005530": "have been mechanized and rationalized.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00016-00005530-00005782": "Or it could just be an obnoxious joke", "bCSyo2klrA8-00017-00005782-00006001": "by an objectionable artist.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00018-00006001-00006274": "\"Buy my shit, it's art\" say Delvoye.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00019-00006438-00006587": "But I want to read this artwork", "bCSyo2klrA8-00020-00006587-00006831": "through a specific critical theory framework", "bCSyo2klrA8-00021-00006831-00007022": "that emerges in the mid-20th century.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00022-00007108-00007326": "This work is not about biological shit,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00023-00007326-00007545": "it's about cultural shit.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00024-00007545-00007720": "Or to use Marshall McLuhan's term,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00025-00007720-00007921": "it's about mass media.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00026-00007921-00008230": "So how is \"Cloaca\" a critique of mass media?", "bCSyo2klrA8-00027-00008230-00008562": "Well, let's start with the \"Cloaca\" logo.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00028-00008562-00008833": "It is clearly a reference to the Ford logo.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00029-00008833-00009021": "In parodying the Ford logo,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00030-00009021-00009241": "Delvoye is connecting the work", "bCSyo2klrA8-00031-00009241-00009444": "to the transformation of labor", "bCSyo2klrA8-00032-00009444-00009632": "that Henry Ford instigated,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00033-00009632-00009917": "namely assembly line production.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00034-00009917-00010059": "In assembly line production,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00035-00010059-00010247": "the product moves along a conveyor belt", "bCSyo2klrA8-00036-00010247-00010370": "that never stops,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00037-00010370-00010497": "gets faster and faster,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00038-00010497-00010669": "forcing workers to conform", "bCSyo2klrA8-00039-00010669-00010828": "to the speed of the machine.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00040-00010967-00011245": "Let's turn to Martin Lefebvre who said,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00041-00011245-00011400": "\"Ford's gamble with regard", "bCSyo2klrA8-00042-00011400-00011565": "\"to assembly-line production", "bCSyo2klrA8-00043-00011565-00011903": "\"was grounded in his belief that mass production", "bCSyo2klrA8-00044-00011903-00012148": "\"would entail mass consumption.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00045-00012148-00012260": "\"In this context,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00046-00012260-00012482": "\"consumerism becomes the new target", "bCSyo2klrA8-00047-00012482-00012642": "\"of the cannibalistic metaphor.\"", "bCSyo2klrA8-00048-00012767-00013118": "For Ford and industrial capitalism more generally,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00049-00013118-00013301": "success was gambled entirely", "bCSyo2klrA8-00050-00013301-00013517": "on the hope that increasing production", "bCSyo2klrA8-00051-00013517-00013799": "would increase consumption.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00052-00013799-00014021": "The exploitation of the working classes", "bCSyo2klrA8-00053-00014021-00014259": "in these factories was simultaneously", "bCSyo2klrA8-00054-00014259-00014472": "the exploitation of their consumption.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00055-00014577-00014951": "Workers were now consumers,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00056-00014951-00015175": "cannibals who used their money", "bCSyo2klrA8-00057-00015175-00015326": "to buy the very goods", "bCSyo2klrA8-00058-00015326-00015575": "they were making in factories.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00059-00015575-00015824": "But why is this artwork referencing", "bCSyo2klrA8-00060-00015824-00015955": "a labor shift that occurred", "bCSyo2klrA8-00061-00015955-00016083": "over 100 years ago?", "bCSyo2klrA8-00062-00016280-00016487": "Devloye is asking what happens when culture", "bCSyo2klrA8-00063-00016487-00016768": "and fine art is subject to the forces", "bCSyo2klrA8-00064-00016768-00016965": "of mass production and consumerism.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00065-00017061-00017455": "Mass consumption is the accelerator of capitalism.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00066-00017455-00017802": "It makes us buy more cars, TVs and toasters.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00067-00017925-00018186": "But what does mass cultural production look like?", "bCSyo2klrA8-00068-00018279-00018556": "\"Cloaca\" pretty clearly answers that.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00069-00018556-00018758": "Mass culture looks, smells", "bCSyo2klrA8-00070-00018758-00018925": "and tastes like shit.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00071-00019024-00019212": "He argues, like many cultural theorists", "bCSyo2klrA8-00072-00019212-00019325": "in the 20th century,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00073-00019325-00019445": "that if you apply", "bCSyo2klrA8-00074-00019445-00019646": "factory production to culture,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00075-00019646-00019812": "then you remove the very thing", "bCSyo2klrA8-00076-00019812-00019963": "that makes culture important.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00077-00020094-00020275": "You turn something that is risky,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00078-00020275-00020534": "difficult, unique, and radical", "bCSyo2klrA8-00079-00020534-00020743": "into something that just exists", "bCSyo2klrA8-00080-00020743-00020867": "to be consumed,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00081-00020867-00020980": "and then discarded,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00082-00020980-00021112": "like junk food.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00083-00021241-00021435": "\"Cloaca\" is the ultimate image", "bCSyo2klrA8-00084-00021435-00021686": "of culture under capitalism.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00085-00021686-00021856": "It is cynical, funny", "bCSyo2klrA8-00086-00021856-00022038": "and unfortunately, it smells right", "bCSyo2klrA8-00087-00022038-00022257": "for a world where a reality TV star", "bCSyo2klrA8-00088-00022257-00022376": "can become president.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00089-00022555-00022725": "Culture is no longer powerful", "bCSyo2klrA8-00090-00022725-00022913": "because it challenges us,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00091-00022913-00023129": "it is powerful because it consumes us", "bCSyo2klrA8-00092-00023129-00023272": "and we consume it.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00093-00023419-00023665": "We cannibalize ourselves,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00094-00023665-00023911": "culturally we are eating our own shit.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00095-00024080-00024214": "It is easy for a fine artist", "bCSyo2klrA8-00096-00024214-00024403": "to attack mass media.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00097-00024403-00024514": "It's expected even,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00098-00024514-00024715": "and ultimately it's not that interesting.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00099-00024715-00024927": "But for me, why \"Cloaca\" stands out", "bCSyo2klrA8-00100-00024927-00025155": "is because while it is an attack", "bCSyo2klrA8-00101-00025155-00025257": "on popular culture", "bCSyo2klrA8-00102-00025257-00025487": "it also offends high art.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00103-00025487-00025667": "This is not only in the cynical move", "bCSyo2klrA8-00104-00025667-00025777": "to sell the shit,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00105-00025777-00025951": "to gouge as much money as possible", "bCSyo2klrA8-00106-00025951-00026105": "from art collectors.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00107-00026105-00026293": "It is the visceral effect", "bCSyo2klrA8-00108-00026293-00026541": "of this work that I admire.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00109-00026541-00026677": "If you have been in the presence", "bCSyo2klrA8-00110-00026677-00026760": "of this artwork", "bCSyo2klrA8-00111-00026760-00026843": "then you will know", "bCSyo2klrA8-00112-00026843-00026972": "what I am talking about.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00113-00026972-00027207": "The work is gut wrenchingly disgusting.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00114-00027302-00027545": "You can't get close to it without gagging.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00115-00027545-00027641": "And no matter how good", "bCSyo2klrA8-00116-00027641-00027795": "the air filtration system is,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00117-00027795-00028061": "you can smell it through the whole gallery.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00118-00028061-00028176": "It makes you sick,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00119-00028176-00028370": "even before you see it.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00120-00028370-00028583": "It infects every other artwork.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00121-00028583-00028736": "It aggressively forces itself", "bCSyo2klrA8-00122-00028736-00028931": "into every corner of the gallery.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00123-00028931-00029257": "\"Cloaca\" isn't just about itself.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00124-00029257-00029437": "It isn't a smug little space", "bCSyo2klrA8-00125-00029437-00029612": "where you can reflect on capitalism's", "bCSyo2klrA8-00126-00029612-00029741": "corruption of culture", "bCSyo2klrA8-00127-00029741-00029855": "and then move on to view", "bCSyo2klrA8-00128-00029855-00030110": "some beautiful paintings.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00129-00030110-00030377": "It forces you to confront cultural corruption", "bCSyo2klrA8-00130-00030377-00030533": "with every turn.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00131-00030533-00030805": "It makes you realize that capitalism and art", "bCSyo2klrA8-00132-00030805-00031089": "is not simply a theme of contemporary art.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00133-00031089-00031435": "It is the organizing principle of all culture,", "bCSyo2klrA8-00134-00031435-00031643": "be it high art or mass media.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00135-00031733-00032006": "It is the ideology of our time that Delvoye", "bCSyo2klrA8-00136-00032006-00032144": "is making us gag on.", "bCSyo2klrA8-00137-00032227-00032486": "(bright music)"}}, {"audio_id": "bCUmx-SMJTI", "text": {"bCUmx-SMJTI-00000-00000309-00000696": "The World Conference on International Telecommunications is a U.N. conference", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00001-00000696-00001021": "hosted by the International Telecommunications Union", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00002-00001021-00001340": "to renegotiate a 1988 treaty called the International", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00003-00001340-00001587": "Telecommunication Regulations", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00004-00001587-00001963": "The International Telecommunications Regulations are an old treaty, they first", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00005-00001963-00002296": "were developed in the 1800s and have been re-negotiated", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00006-00002359-00002537": "several times since then.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00007-00002537-00002773": "They were last negotiatied in 1988", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00008-00002773-00003127": "and they are essentially put in place to facilitate the exchange of", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00009-00003127-00003486": "international telecommunications traffic across borders", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00010-00003486-00003760": "as a way to help interconnect the world", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00011-00003760-00004009": "in terms of communications.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00012-00004009-00004363": "i think that what we should do is step back and look at what's worked since", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00013-00004363-00004718": "1988 in the field of international telecommunications; what", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00014-00004718-00005088": "has driven the growth of communications worldwide since then.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00015-00005088-00005305": "Things like competition among carriers,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00016-00005305-00005580": "transparency, regulatory independence", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00017-00005580-00005922": "the evolution of networks: these are all things that have clearly driven", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00018-00005922-00006093": "connectivity worldwide,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00019-00006093-00006412": "and they aren't currently reflected in the 1988 treaty,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00020-00006412-00006781": "so there are clear opportunities of positive things that could be included", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00021-00006781-00007014": "into the treaty to bring it up to date", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00022-00007014-00007466": "in a way that would be consistent with what we've seen work since then.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00023-00007466-00007915": "The impact on the internet could be either good or bad. We see proposals", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00024-00007915-00008384": "currently to the treaty conference that what impact the way the internet", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00025-00008384-00008839": "operates, the architecture of the internet, the security of the internet and the", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00026-00008839-00009154": "content of the internet, and unfortunately some of the proposals that", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00027-00009154-00009359": "we see would take the old", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00028-00009359-00009778": "telephone model of regulation and simply apply it to new technologies like the", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00029-00009778-00009868": "internet.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00030-00009868-00010034": "That would not be a good thing.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00031-00010034-00010309": "If we find proposals and find things like", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00032-00010309-00010592": "promotion of competition or promotion of innovation,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00033-00010592-00010760": "or regulatory independence,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00034-00010760-00011121": "we could see this treaty really being another stepping stone to further growth", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00035-00011121-00011307": "of connectivity around the globe.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00036-00011307-00011645": "So, really what it depends on is which direction member states decide to take", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00037-00011645-00011768": "us.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00038-00011768-00012152": "The Internet Society is a member of the I.T.U., so at a global level we're allowed to", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00039-00012152-00012625": "participate in the international conversations at the I.T.U. about", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00040-00012625-00012810": "how the treaty should be modified.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00041-00012810-00013202": "in addition, ISOC is a global organization. We have chapters and", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00042-00013202-00013347": "individual members,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00043-00013347-00013785": "regional bureaus all over the world working with policymakers, working with", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00044-00013785-00013922": "the internet community", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00045-00013922-00014120": "to raise awareness about the treaty,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00046-00014120-00014526": "to raise awareness about the importance of what's being proposed and discussed", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00047-00014526-00014848": "and doing our part to inform policy makers on what we think are the", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00048-00014848-00015102": "implications of some of these proposals.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00049-00015102-00015409": "Some of the things that individuals can do to get involved in the discussion about", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00050-00015409-00015663": "the ITRs is to become informed,", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00051-00015663-00016129": "look at the treaty, understand what's at stake. The second most important thing is", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00052-00016129-00016510": "to reach out to policy makers in their country. This is an intergovernmental", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00053-00016510-00016979": "treaty negotiation, so member states are the ones that will be at the table, but", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00054-00016979-00017315": "it's incredibly important that they are in touch with their internet", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00055-00017315-00017724": "community, that they understand and have the information available to them, and", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00056-00017724-00018115": "that's what individuals can do to make their voices heard and to ensure that", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00057-00018115-00018561": "their policy makers and their country understand how important this is to them.", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00058-00018561-00018933": "To learn more about this treaty, go to  internetsociety.org and get", "bCUmx-SMJTI-00059-00018933-00019072": "involved, make your voice heard."}}, {"audio_id": "bCVRAeYQ6RY", "text": {"bCVRAeYQ6RY-00000-00000010-00000213": "PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ANSWER", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00001-00000213-00000220": "PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ANSWER", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00002-00000220-00000346": "PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00003-00000346-00000353": "PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00004-00000353-00000453": "PROVIDE INFORMATION AND ANSWER ANY QUESTIONS. >> DENNIS: BEMIDJI SCHOOLS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00005-00000453-00000460": "ANY QUESTIONS. >> DENNIS: BEMIDJI SCHOOLS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00006-00000460-00000620": "ANY QUESTIONS. >> DENNIS: BEMIDJI SCHOOLS SUPERINTENDENT DR. JIM HESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00007-00000620-00000627": ">> DENNIS: BEMIDJI SCHOOLS SUPERINTENDENT DR. JIM HESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00008-00000627-00000764": ">> DENNIS: BEMIDJI SCHOOLS SUPERINTENDENT DR. JIM HESS INTERVIEWED TODAY IN GRAND FORKS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00009-00000764-00000770": "SUPERINTENDENT DR. JIM HESS INTERVIEWED TODAY IN GRAND FORKS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00010-00000770-00000930": "SUPERINTENDENT DR. JIM HESS INTERVIEWED TODAY IN GRAND FORKS FOR THE GRAND FORKS SCHOOL", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00011-00000930-00000937": "INTERVIEWED TODAY IN GRAND FORKS FOR THE GRAND FORKS SCHOOL", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00012-00000937-00001057": "INTERVIEWED TODAY IN GRAND FORKS FOR THE GRAND FORKS SCHOOL DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00013-00001057-00001064": "FOR THE GRAND FORKS SCHOOL DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00014-00001064-00001117": "FOR THE GRAND FORKS SCHOOL DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT POSITION.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00015-00001117-00001124": "DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT POSITION.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00016-00001124-00001244": "DISTRICT SUPERINTENDENT POSITION. HESS IS ONE OF THREE FINALISTS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00017-00001244-00001251": "POSITION. HESS IS ONE OF THREE FINALISTS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00018-00001251-00001324": "POSITION. HESS IS ONE OF THREE FINALISTS FOR THAT JOB.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00019-00001324-00001331": "HESS IS ONE OF THREE FINALISTS FOR THAT JOB.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00020-00001331-00001815": "HESS IS ONE OF THREE FINALISTS FOR THAT JOB. HE HAS BEEN BEMIDJI'S", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00021-00001815-00001821": "FOR THAT JOB. HE HAS BEEN BEMIDJI'S", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00022-00001821-00001978": "FOR THAT JOB. HE HAS BEEN BEMIDJI'S SUPERINTENDENT SINCE 2004 BUT", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00023-00001978-00001985": "HE HAS BEEN BEMIDJI'S SUPERINTENDENT SINCE 2004 BUT", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00024-00001985-00002102": "HE HAS BEEN BEMIDJI'S SUPERINTENDENT SINCE 2004 BUT ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST THAT HE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00025-00002102-00002108": "SUPERINTENDENT SINCE 2004 BUT ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST THAT HE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00026-00002108-00002222": "SUPERINTENDENT SINCE 2004 BUT ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST THAT HE WOULD BE RETIRING FROM THE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00027-00002222-00002228": "ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST THAT HE WOULD BE RETIRING FROM THE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00028-00002228-00002348": "ANNOUNCED IN AUGUST THAT HE WOULD BE RETIRING FROM THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AFTER HIS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00029-00002348-00002355": "WOULD BE RETIRING FROM THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AFTER HIS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00030-00002355-00002472": "WOULD BE RETIRING FROM THE SCHOOL DISTRICT AFTER HIS CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR COMES TO AN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00031-00002472-00002479": "SCHOOL DISTRICT AFTER HIS CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR COMES TO AN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00032-00002479-00002529": "SCHOOL DISTRICT AFTER HIS CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR COMES TO AN END.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00033-00002529-00002535": "CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR COMES TO AN END.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00034-00002535-00002712": "CURRENT SCHOOL YEAR COMES TO AN END. >> I ANNOUNCED LAST JULY THAT I", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00035-00002712-00002719": "END. >> I ANNOUNCED LAST JULY THAT I", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00036-00002719-00003069": "END. >> I ANNOUNCED LAST JULY THAT I WAS NOT GOING TO ASK FOR AN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00037-00003069-00003076": ">> I ANNOUNCED LAST JULY THAT I WAS NOT GOING TO ASK FOR AN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00038-00003076-00003259": ">> I ANNOUNCED LAST JULY THAT I WAS NOT GOING TO ASK FOR AN ADDITIONAL EXTENSION OR A NEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00039-00003259-00003266": "WAS NOT GOING TO ASK FOR AN ADDITIONAL EXTENSION OR A NEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00040-00003266-00003406": "WAS NOT GOING TO ASK FOR AN ADDITIONAL EXTENSION OR A NEW CONTRACT, AND I DID THAT BECAUSE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00041-00003406-00003413": "ADDITIONAL EXTENSION OR A NEW CONTRACT, AND I DID THAT BECAUSE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00042-00003413-00003636": "ADDITIONAL EXTENSION OR A NEW CONTRACT, AND I DID THAT BECAUSE I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00043-00003636-00003643": "CONTRACT, AND I DID THAT BECAUSE I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00044-00003643-00003786": "CONTRACT, AND I DID THAT BECAUSE I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO HAVE A CHANGE AND FOR THE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00045-00003786-00003793": "I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO HAVE A CHANGE AND FOR THE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00046-00003793-00004160": "I THOUGHT IT WAS GOOD FOR ME TO HAVE A CHANGE AND FOR THE DISTRICT TO HAVE A CHANGE IN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00047-00004160-00004167": "HAVE A CHANGE AND FOR THE DISTRICT TO HAVE A CHANGE IN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00048-00004167-00004240": "HAVE A CHANGE AND FOR THE DISTRICT TO HAVE A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00049-00004240-00004247": "DISTRICT TO HAVE A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00050-00004247-00004417": "DISTRICT TO HAVE A CHANGE IN LEADERSHIP. EACH LEADER HAS A SPECIAL SET OF", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00051-00004417-00004424": "LEADERSHIP. EACH LEADER HAS A SPECIAL SET OF", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00052-00004424-00004864": "LEADERSHIP. EACH LEADER HAS A SPECIAL SET OF TOOLS OR SKILLS OR KNOWLEDGE OR", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00053-00004864-00004871": "EACH LEADER HAS A SPECIAL SET OF TOOLS OR SKILLS OR KNOWLEDGE OR", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00054-00004871-00005021": "EACH LEADER HAS A SPECIAL SET OF TOOLS OR SKILLS OR KNOWLEDGE OR ABILITIES, AND IT'S GOOD TO HAVE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00055-00005021-00005028": "TOOLS OR SKILLS OR KNOWLEDGE OR ABILITIES, AND IT'S GOOD TO HAVE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00056-00005028-00005151": "TOOLS OR SKILLS OR KNOWLEDGE OR ABILITIES, AND IT'S GOOD TO HAVE SOME CHANGE.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00057-00005151-00005158": "ABILITIES, AND IT'S GOOD TO HAVE SOME CHANGE.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00058-00005158-00005378": "ABILITIES, AND IT'S GOOD TO HAVE SOME CHANGE. SO WHERE I MIGHT HAVE A CERTAIN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00059-00005378-00005385": "SOME CHANGE. SO WHERE I MIGHT HAVE A CERTAIN", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00060-00005385-00005608": "SOME CHANGE. SO WHERE I MIGHT HAVE A CERTAIN EMPHASIS IN ONE AREA, A NEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00061-00005608-00005615": "SO WHERE I MIGHT HAVE A CERTAIN EMPHASIS IN ONE AREA, A NEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00062-00005615-00005762": "SO WHERE I MIGHT HAVE A CERTAIN EMPHASIS IN ONE AREA, A NEW SUPERINTENDENT MIGHT EMPHASIZE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00063-00005762-00005769": "EMPHASIS IN ONE AREA, A NEW SUPERINTENDENT MIGHT EMPHASIZE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00064-00005769-00005859": "EMPHASIS IN ONE AREA, A NEW SUPERINTENDENT MIGHT EMPHASIZE ANOTHER AREA.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00065-00005859-00005865": "SUPERINTENDENT MIGHT EMPHASIZE ANOTHER AREA.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00066-00005865-00006082": "SUPERINTENDENT MIGHT EMPHASIZE ANOTHER AREA. SO IT'S GOOD FOR THE SCHOOL", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00067-00006082-00006089": "ANOTHER AREA. SO IT'S GOOD FOR THE SCHOOL", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00068-00006089-00006149": "ANOTHER AREA. SO IT'S GOOD FOR THE SCHOOL DISTRICT.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00069-00006149-00006156": "SO IT'S GOOD FOR THE SCHOOL DISTRICT.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00070-00006156-00006286": "SO IT'S GOOD FOR THE SCHOOL DISTRICT. IT'S GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00071-00006286-00006292": "DISTRICT. IT'S GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00072-00006292-00006546": "DISTRICT. IT'S GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY. CHANGE CAN BE A VERY POSITIVE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00073-00006546-00006553": "IT'S GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY. CHANGE CAN BE A VERY POSITIVE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00074-00006553-00006636": "IT'S GOOD FOR THE COMMUNITY. CHANGE CAN BE A VERY POSITIVE THING.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00075-00006636-00006643": "CHANGE CAN BE A VERY POSITIVE THING.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00076-00006643-00006756": "CHANGE CAN BE A VERY POSITIVE THING. >> THE ALL DAY INTERVIEW PROCESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00077-00006756-00006763": "THING. >> THE ALL DAY INTERVIEW PROCESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00078-00006763-00006883": "THING. >> THE ALL DAY INTERVIEW PROCESS INCLUDED FORUMS FOR STAFF,", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00079-00006883-00006890": ">> THE ALL DAY INTERVIEW PROCESS INCLUDED FORUMS FOR STAFF,", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00080-00006890-00007026": ">> THE ALL DAY INTERVIEW PROCESS INCLUDED FORUMS FOR STAFF, STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00081-00007026-00007033": "INCLUDED FORUMS FOR STAFF, STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00082-00007033-00007153": "INCLUDED FORUMS FOR STAFF, STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS. HESS SAYS THE INTERVIEW PROCESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00083-00007153-00007160": "STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS. HESS SAYS THE INTERVIEW PROCESS", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00084-00007160-00007257": "STUDENTS AND COMMUNITY MEMBERS. HESS SAYS THE INTERVIEW PROCESS WORKS BOTH WAYS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00085-00007257-00007263": "HESS SAYS THE INTERVIEW PROCESS WORKS BOTH WAYS.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00086-00007263-00007467": "HESS SAYS THE INTERVIEW PROCESS WORKS BOTH WAYS. >> I'M HERE TO SEE IF I WANT 24", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00087-00007467-00007474": "WORKS BOTH WAYS. >> I'M HERE TO SEE IF I WANT 24", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00088-00007474-00007767": "WORKS BOTH WAYS. >> I'M HERE TO SEE IF I WANT 24 JOB AND TO SEE IF MY SKILLS AND", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00089-00007767-00007774": ">> I'M HERE TO SEE IF I WANT 24 JOB AND TO SEE IF MY SKILLS AND", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00090-00007774-00007904": ">> I'M HERE TO SEE IF I WANT 24 JOB AND TO SEE IF MY SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE AND AIBLGHTS WOULD BE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00091-00007904-00007911": "JOB AND TO SEE IF MY SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE AND AIBLGHTS WOULD BE", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00092-00007911-00008531": "JOB AND TO SEE IF MY SKILLS AND KNOWLEDGE AND AIBLGHTS WOULD BE ABILITIES WOULD BEA GOOD MATCH S", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00093-00008531-00008538": "KNOWLEDGE AND AIBLGHTS WOULD BE ABILITIES WOULD BEA GOOD MATCH S", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00094-00008538-00008645": "KNOWLEDGE AND AIBLGHTS WOULD BE ABILITIES WOULD BEA GOOD MATCH S SCHOOL DISTRICT.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00095-00008645-00008651": "ABILITIES WOULD BEA GOOD MATCH S SCHOOL DISTRICT.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00096-00008651-00008752": "ABILITIES WOULD BEA GOOD MATCH S SCHOOL DISTRICT. WHILE THEY'RE INTERVIEWING ME,", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00097-00008752-00008758": "SCHOOL DISTRICT. WHILE THEY'RE INTERVIEWING ME,", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00098-00008758-00008945": "SCHOOL DISTRICT. WHILE THEY'RE INTERVIEWING ME, ACTUALLY I'M INTERVIEWING THEM", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00099-00008945-00008952": "WHILE THEY'RE INTERVIEWING ME, ACTUALLY I'M INTERVIEWING THEM", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00100-00008952-00009015": "WHILE THEY'RE INTERVIEWING ME, ACTUALLY I'M INTERVIEWING THEM AS WELL.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00101-00009015-00009022": "ACTUALLY I'M INTERVIEWING THEM AS WELL.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00102-00009022-00009135": "ACTUALLY I'M INTERVIEWING THEM AS WELL. >> DENNIS: HESS IS THE SECOND OF", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00103-00009135-00009142": "AS WELL. >> DENNIS: HESS IS THE SECOND OF", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00104-00009142-00009446": "AS WELL. >> DENNIS: HESS IS THE SECOND OF THREE FINALISTS TO INTERVIEW.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00105-00009446-00009452": ">> DENNIS: HESS IS THE SECOND OF THREE FINALISTS TO INTERVIEW.", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00106-00009452-00009642": ">> DENNIS: HESS IS THE SECOND OF THREE FINALISTS TO INTERVIEW. THE FINAL CANDIDATES INTERVIEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00107-00009642-00009649": "THREE FINALISTS TO INTERVIEW. THE FINAL CANDIDATES INTERVIEW", "bCVRAeYQ6RY-00108-00009649-00009796": "THREE FINALISTS TO INTERVIEW. THE FINAL CANDIDATES INTERVIEW WILL TAKE PLACE ON THURSDAY."}}, {"audio_id": "bCWP2mw9ICy", "text": {"bCWP2mw9ICy-00000-00000058-00000850": "In the letter, I also mentioned the need to set up a platform for cross-sectoral open dialogue.", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00001-00000948-00001760": "If the government can officially withdraw, it must use the word \"withdrawal\", to withdraw the bill.", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00002-00001760-00002384": "It can create some freedom and conditions", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00003-00002386-00002668": "allow people from different sectors to discuss", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00004-00002668-00003200": ",slowly explore some of the more complicated issues.", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00005-00003211-00003447": "Some complicated ideas", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00006-00003517-00004058": "In this respect, I said before.", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00007-00004058-00004424": "I hope the government can release the greatest sincerity.", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00008-00004455-00004733": "to create some favorable conditions", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00009-00004733-00005012": "for the conversation platform", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00010-00005012-00005738": "In addition to attending the two public forums organized by temporary student union of the Education University in the afternoon", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00011-00005756-00006673": "I arranged the meetings with every department and students hall in August", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00012-00006673-00006830": "to listen to their opinions", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00013-00006862-00007387": "In August we will also have new students and new students welcome activities", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00014-00007434-00007864": "I look forward to these activities", "bCWP2mw9ICy-00015-00007864-00008348": "Go to these new students to meet and listen to their voices."}}, {"audio_id": "bD-TuvIqp9Y", "text": {"bD-TuvIqp9Y-00000-00000019-00000254": "Greetings, fellow aliens!", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00001-00000254-00000513": "This is the tenth episode of Earthlings 101.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00002-00000513-00003114": "Today we will learn about the earthlings favourite form of communication: language.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00003-00003114-00004789": "A language is an acoustical code, produced by the mouth, and perceived by the ears.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00004-00004789-00005155": "Information is encoded in sound groups called words which are strung together to sequences", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00005-00005155-00005305": "called sentences.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00006-00005305-00005767": "A sentence may, for example, transmit the information that a specific vehicle is infested", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00007-00005767-00006012": "by a certain kind of animals.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00008-00006012-00006265": "Language can also be transmitted in visual form.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00009-00006265-00006412": "This is called writing.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00010-00006412-00006708": "We will speak about writing in another episode.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00011-00006708-00007047": "The many languages on earth have their roots a long time ago.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00012-00007047-00007587": "As earthling history is a turmoil of conquest and migration, languages frequently blend,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00013-00007587-00007719": "fusionate and split.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00014-00007719-00008000": "Also, languages are constantly developing.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00015-00008000-00008273": "We will come back to this point later.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00016-00008273-00008682": "In order to understand language, we have to understand how earthlings modelize the world", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00017-00008682-00008817": "in their mind.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00018-00008817-00009170": "Most aliens see the physical world as what is commonly known as the \"conglomerate\" - some", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00019-00009170-00009538": "kind of four-dimensional energy soup in spacetime.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00020-00009538-00009780": "But earthlings don't see reality this way:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00021-00009780-00010231": "First, for earthlings, space and time are two wholly separate things.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00022-00010231-00010686": "Secondly, their view of the world is all about matter: Energy at sub-light speed.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00023-00010686-00011369": "To describe matter, they have three concepts: Things, properties, and actions.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00024-00011369-00011630": "Things are, so to say, the noodles in the energy soup.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00025-00011630-00012035": "A thing is a connected bunch of matter, usually with a distinctive shape.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00026-00012035-00012277": "For example, a fruit is a thing.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00027-00012277-00012618": "Half a fruit is not a thing, unless you cut the fruit in two.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00028-00012618-00012919": "Two fruits aren't one thing, unless they are somehow connected.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00029-00012919-00013337": "Then again, a fruit tree is also a thing, as is a fruit seed.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00030-00013337-00013694": "In a larger sense, a thing can be anything that has a shape and looks like a connected", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00031-00013694-00014044": "bunch of matter, like the moon, a cloud or a shadow.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00032-00014044-00014447": "According to Sixty Symbols, the \"biggest thing in the universe\" is a 4 billion light years", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00033-00014447-00014794": "long cluster of 73 quasars.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00034-00014794-00015081": "Things are described by thing-words, or nouns.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00035-00015081-00015556": "Now, you can't create a new word for every thing in the world, so earthlings group similar", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00036-00015556-00016022": "things into a single category and use the same word - for example, \"star\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00037-00016022-00016504": "All multicellular creatures capable of photosynthesis are \"plants\", all big plants with wooden stems", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00038-00016504-00017042": "are \"trees\", and all mobile creatures that feed on other creatures are \"animals\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00039-00017042-00017597": "Except for the microbes.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00040-00017597-00017969": "Using the same word for similar things is not only a trick to simplify language:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00041-00017969-00018334": "Grouping things into categories is a basic feature of the earthling mind.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00042-00018334-00018724": "It helps to gain and retain knowledge - for example, the knowledge that you better run", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00043-00018724-00019036": "if you see anything that fits into the category \"zombie velociraptor\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00044-00019036-00019542": "A second concept is properties : Labels attached to things by the mind.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00045-00019542-00020059": "A property is a common attribute shared by several things, like \"big\", or \"green\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00046-00020059-00020415": "Properties are, so to say, the taste of the noodles in the soup.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00047-00020415-00020778": "They are specified by another kind of words, adjectives.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00048-00020778-00021309": "Now, things and properties are great to describe the status quo, a slice of spacetime - but", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00049-00021309-00021667": "to describe temporal processes, we need something more.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00050-00021667-00021986": "That's where the third concept comes in: Actions.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00051-00021986-00022525": "An action is any process that changes either the position of one or more objects, or their", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00052-00022525-00022625": "properties.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00053-00022625-00023081": "An action is generally thought to originate from one thing, the \"subject\" of the action.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00054-00023081-00023443": "Some actions influence other things, the \"objects\" of the action.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00055-00023443-00023967": "This concept is closely linked to causality - a concept I will explain in another episode.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00056-00023967-00024335": "Consider, for example, a fruit falling off a tree.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00057-00024335-00024884": "For most aliens, this is simply a four-dimensional energy cluster, aligned to a geodesic in the", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00058-00024884-00024984": "conglomerate.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00059-00024984-00025343": "Not so for earthlings: They see this as an \"action\" which changes the location of the", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00060-00025343-00025504": "fruit in space.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00061-00025504-00025951": "Most earthlings would say that the fruit is the \"subject\" of the action: The fruit falls.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00062-00025951-00026382": "An earthling physicist might say that the earth attracts the fruit - thus, the earth", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00063-00026382-00026606": "is the subject, the fruit is the object.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00064-00026606-00026935": "A gardener might say that the tree drops its fruits.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00065-00026935-00027339": "A religious earthling might believe that it was the will of god, and a conspiracy theorist", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00066-00027339-00027570": "may blame the Freemasons.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00067-00027570-00027988": "No matter how they turn it, there is always an action and a subject, and sometimes an", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00068-00027988-00028133": "object.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00069-00028133-00028563": "Actions are described by action-words, or verbs, like \"fall\" or \"eat\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00070-00028563-00029031": "Verbs are usually grouped with a word for the subject, for example \"Earthling eats\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00071-00029031-00029524": "Additional information is added in form of other words, for example for objects and properties,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00072-00029524-00029791": "like \"The earthling eats the red apple near the tree\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00073-00029791-00029952": "This is called a sentence.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00074-00029952-00030327": "Note that the order of words is important - the sentence \"The red tree eats the earthling", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00075-00030327-00030606": "near the apple\" means something completely different.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00076-00030606-00030752": "Tips for tourists:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00077-00030752-00031352": "When you acquire an universal translator with English, Mandarin, Spanish, RUssian, French", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00078-00031352-00031691": "and Arabic, you can get along in most regions of the world.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00079-00031691-00032130": "However, make sure it has an insult filter, otherwise you may get into trouble.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00080-00032130-00032630": "But how do earthlings think and speak about more non-material matters like space, time,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00081-00032630-00032916": "relationships, mathematics, etc.?", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00082-00032916-00033136": "That's where abstraction comes in.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00083-00033136-00033599": "For earthlings, there are several levels of abstraction: The body, the physical world,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00084-00033599-00034194": "space, time, more abstract stuff like social relationships, and pure abstract concepts,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00085-00034194-00034346": "like mathematics.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00086-00034346-00034830": "The trick is to use concepts of the lower levels to describe higher levels.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00087-00034830-00035344": "For example, the concept of \"things\" can be applied to more abstract entities which are", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00088-00035344-00035444": "clearly delimited.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00089-00035444-00035597": "Also, they reuse words for concrete things to describe abstract things.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00090-00035597-00035757": "This is called metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00091-00035757-00036571": "Numbers, for example, are usually described with vertical spatial metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00092-00036571-00036950": "This comes from the earthling habit of stacking merchandises vertically.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00093-00036950-00037574": "Time is rather described with horizontal spatial metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00094-00037574-00037816": "This comes from horizontal movement.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00095-00037816-00038266": "Common galactic languages are usually developed by supercomputers, creatures of pure logic", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00096-00038266-00038568": "but who had to learn about time, space and reality.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00097-00038568-00039043": "In consequence, those languages have been developed from the abstract to the concrete.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00098-00039043-00039540": "Earthling languages, however, develop the other way round: From concrete to abstract.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00099-00039540-00039960": "Many spatial and temporal expressions come even from the lowest level of abstraction:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00100-00039960-00040060": "The body.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00101-00040060-00040563": "An earthling's \"back\", the \"back\" of a house, \"moving backwards\", \"back in the 19th century\"", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00102-00040563-00040663": "etc.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00103-00040663-00040913": "Interestingly, some spatial concepts come from animal bodies.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00104-00040913-00041457": "The \"head\" of an animal, the \"head\" of a train\", \"looking ahead\", \"being ahead of one's time\"...", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00105-00041457-00041694": "Earthlings call this the \"zoomorphic model\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00106-00041694-00042100": "But metaphors are also useful to create more expressive formulations.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00107-00042100-00042350": "Take earthling mating rituals, for example:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00108-00042350-00042639": "Instead of saying \"I like you, wanna have sex?\",", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00109-00042639-00043111": "one might say \"You are the love of my life, my sun and moon and stars, the key to my heart,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00110-00043111-00043601": "the sodium to my chlorine and the parmesan to my spaghetti, wanna have sex?\"", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00111-00043601-00043978": "Metaphors can't be underrated - actually, we will see that they are one of the key mechanisms", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00112-00043978-00044219": "in how language has formed.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00113-00044219-00044428": "Language is in constant development.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00114-00044428-00044728": "Interestingly, earthlings perceive this as a constant decline.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00115-00044728-00045055": "Take, for example, the language called English.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00116-00045055-00045462": "According to many modern earthlings, the English language is in a sorry state and was much", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00117-00045462-00045657": "more perfect a century earlier.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00118-00045657-00046091": "But if you travel into the past and ask writers and savants of past eras, you will hear similar", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00119-00046091-00046191": "complaints -", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00120-00046191-00046437": "be it from George Orwell in 1946,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00121-00046437-00046656": "Harry Thurston Peck in 1899,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00122-00046656-00046849": "August Schleicher in 1848,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00123-00046849-00047022": "Thomas Sheridan in 1780,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00124-00047022-00047263": "Jonathan Swift in 1712,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00125-00047263-00047524": "or Thomas Sprat in 1667.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00126-00047524-00047778": "You'll find the full quotes in the doobly-do.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00127-00047778-00048173": "If there is any consensus amongst linguists of past centuries, it's probably that the", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00128-00048173-00048678": "most perfect language of all time was classical Latin, two thousand solar cycles ago.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00129-00048678-00049013": "Latin scholars of that time, however, would have begged to differ.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00130-00049013-00049506": "In 46 B.C., for instance, Cicero complained that the Latin of his time was far less perfect", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00131-00049506-00049663": "than a century earlier.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00132-00049663-00050094": "What earthlings perceive as decline is actually a perpetual , cyclic, evolution.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00133-00050094-00050485": "It's like the perceived downfall of a spacecraft which is actually an orbit.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00134-00050485-00050921": "This perpetual evolution of language can be compared to the Heteromorphs of Galarius.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00135-00050921-00051326": "Those polymorphic creatures live in the high atmospheric pressure of the gas giant Galarius", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00136-00051326-00051651": "Seven and are coordinated by a global telepathic field.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00137-00051651-00052114": "One could compare single creatures to words, body parts to syllables, and groups of creatures", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00138-00052114-00052338": "to expressions and sentences.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00139-00052338-00052723": "The constant change of the Heteromorphs is based on four mechanisms:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00140-00052723-00053035": "Fusion, Erosion, Assimilation and Combination.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00141-00053035-00053435": "Fusion means that due to the high atmospheric pressure, groups of creatures are fused, so", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00142-00053435-00053841": "several individuals become mere organs of one single organism.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00143-00053841-00054297": "Erosion means that body parts are constantly eroded by violent storms.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00144-00054297-00054614": "Assimilation means that the telepathic field of the population makes creatures of the same", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00145-00054614-00055066": "kind more and more similar, such that they get identical members and organs.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00146-00055066-00055450": "But through the process of erosion and assimilation, creatures become weaker.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00147-00055450-00055936": "Hence the fourth mechanism: Combination, the capacity to form groups which are able to", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00148-00055936-00056142": "do wholly new tasks.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00149-00056142-00056398": "It's easy to see that this forms an endless loop:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00150-00056398-00056847": "Creatures form groups, fuse together, are assimilated and eroded, become smaller and", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00151-00056847-00057095": "weaker, combine again etc.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00152-00057095-00057424": "Now, Earthling languages follow a similar cycle:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00153-00057424-00057809": "Fusion, Erosion, Assimilation, and Metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00154-00057809-00058233": "Fusion means that groups of words tend to fuse together, often forming suffixes and", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00155-00058233-00058370": "prefixes.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00156-00058370-00058776": "This creates what earthlings call conjugations and declinations.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00157-00058776-00059089": "Erosion means that words are shortened and sounds shift such that they are easier to", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00158-00059089-00059287": "pronounce.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00159-00059287-00059611": "Assimilation means that differences between words tend to be smoothed.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00160-00059611-00060017": "For example, conjugations of verbs become more and more similar.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00161-00060017-00060295": "This is how general grammar rules form.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00162-00060295-00060583": "Those three mechanisms come from earthlings' laziness:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00163-00060583-00060945": "They make language simpler to pronounce and rules easier to memorize.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00164-00060945-00061263": "But they also reduce the expressiveness of words.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00165-00061263-00061592": "That's where the fourth mechanism comes into play: Metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00166-00061592-00062151": "As mentioned before, metaphors mean that words, or groups of words, are used to express something", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00167-00062151-00062301": "completely new.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00168-00062301-00062670": "This is the main constructive mechanism of language.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00169-00062670-00063094": "Like the life cycle of heteromorphs, the evolution of language is an endless cycle of creation", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00170-00063094-00063237": "and destruction:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00171-00063237-00063704": "Words are combined to new, colorful metaphors, they fuse, are eroded and assimilated until", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00172-00063704-00063904": "they are mutilated and worn-out.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00173-00063904-00064292": "Eventually they are combined to new expressive metaphors, and so on.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00174-00064292-00064750": "The whole building of language is nothing else than an asteroid reef of dead metaphors.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00175-00064750-00065092": "In other words, the etymology of language is inherently fractal:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00176-00065092-00065529": "Words are old groups of words, which were old groups of words, which were old groups", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00177-00065529-00065938": "of words, and so on.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00178-00065938-00066186": "Strategic advice.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00179-00066186-00066379": "Earthlings' language can be misleading.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00180-00066379-00066777": "For example, the frequent use of the word \"tanks\" in radio messages may lead you to", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00181-00066777-00067150": "the conclusion that the earthlings will use large tank vehicles to spray your troops with", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00182-00067150-00067316": "deadly hydric acid.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00183-00067316-00067783": "However, once you have equipped all your soldiers with protective gear against hydric acid,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00184-00067783-00068220": "you may discover that military tanks are actually something completely different.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00185-00068220-00068629": "To demonstrate the evolution of language, let's look at the english word \"gonna\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00186-00068629-00069016": "In modern English, this word indicates near future: \"We're gonna eat.\"", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00187-00069016-00069502": "It's an abbreviation of \"going to\", but only in the sense \"about to\", not \"walking to\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00188-00069502-00069914": "Hundreds of solar cycles ago, \"going to\" was only used in the context \"going or traveling", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00189-00069914-00070029": "to a place\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00190-00070029-00070509": "Then, in what earthlings call the 15th century, \"going to do something\" appeared, but only", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00191-00070509-00070923": "in the sense \"going somewhere, in order to do something\", for example soldiers who are", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00192-00070923-00071108": "going to bring a prisoner to a castle.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00193-00071108-00071480": "From there, the meaning shifted gradually towards a more abstract meaning,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00194-00071480-00071848": "and in the seventeenth century, we read of an arms depot which is \"going to be taken", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00195-00071848-00072113": "away\" - the arms depot is certainly not walking anywhere.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00196-00072113-00072758": "So, \"going to\" has become, as a grammar manual from 1646 puts it, \"a sign of the future\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00197-00072758-00073066": "From there, the future \"going to\" became more and more popular.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00198-00073066-00073525": "Then, at the beginning of the twentieth century, an eroded variant of \"going to\" appears:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00199-00073525-00073856": "The word \"gonna\", as it is used till this day.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00200-00073856-00074004": "Scientific advice:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00201-00074004-00074645": "Many earthlings believe that language and logic are uniquely processed by the left half", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00202-00074645-00075101": "of the brain, whereas things like creativity, images and music are solely processed by the", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00203-00075101-00075201": "right half.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00204-00075201-00075307": "That is utter nonsense.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00205-00075307-00076040": "So, if you swap the left halves of the brains of a french-speaking painter and an english-speaking", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00206-00076040-00076140": "musician,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00207-00076140-00076267": "you don't get a french-speaking musician and a english-speaking painter -", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00208-00076267-00076623": "you just get two very messed up earthlings.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00209-00076623-00076974": "But now, let's travel into the future of the English language.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00210-00076974-00077164": "Consider the verb \"To have\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00211-00077164-00077648": "Traditionally, this is conjugated \"I have, you have, he has, we have, you have, they", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00212-00077648-00077748": "have\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00213-00077748-00078063": "In the present, erosion has created the shorter forms:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00214-00078063-00078483": "I've, You've, He's, We've, You've, They've.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00215-00078483-00078864": "The pronoun and the verb are about to fuse into one single word.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00216-00078864-00079310": "In some regions, the plural \"You've\", has been replaced by \"Y'all've\", a short form", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00217-00079310-00079457": "of \"You all have\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00218-00079457-00079802": "In a hundred solar cycles, the apostrophe will be dropped and the pronouns will have", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00219-00079802-00080360": "become prefixes: Ive, Youve, Hes, Weve, Yallve, Theyve.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00220-00080360-00080773": "Some centuries later, the conjugation will be simplified through assimilation to Ive,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00221-00080773-00081142": "Youve, Heve, Weve, Yallve, Theyve.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00222-00081142-00081591": "Eventually, erosion will replace \"Ive\", by the easier to pronounce \"Eve\", and \"Yallve\",", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00223-00081591-00081691": "by \"Yave\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00224-00081691-00082162": "Eight hundred solar cycles from now, all english verbs will have adapted the same prefixes", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00225-00082162-00082426": "for present tense - again, through assimilation:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00226-00082426-00082851": "Eetalk, Youtalk, Hetalk, Wetalk, Yatalk, Theetalk.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00227-00082851-00083275": "The future tense will be marked by an eroded \"gonna\":", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00228-00083275-00083857": "Eenatalk, Younatalk, Henatalk, Wenatalk, Yanatalk, Theenatalk,", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00229-00083857-00084148": "and the past tense a crippled, \"have\":", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00230-00084148-00084600": "Eevetalk, Youvetalk, Hevetalk, Wevetalk, Yavetalk, Theevetalk.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00231-00084600-00085044": "But in the same time, the mecanics of metaphor will build new colorful expressions.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00232-00085044-00085477": "For example, a thousand years for now, the invention of time travel will require a whole", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00233-00085477-00085694": "new set of grammatical tenses.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00234-00085694-00086150": "For instance, to say that someone did a time jump to escape death, one would say \"Heve", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00235-00086150-00086406": "jum fro’die\", \"He has jumped from dying\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00236-00086406-00086905": "So, the verb \"jump\", originally a body movement, becomes an auxiliary verb for time-travel", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00237-00086905-00087105": "tenses.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00238-00087105-00087486": "By the way, this episode is partially based upon the earthling book \"The Unfolding of", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00239-00087486-00087595": "Language\".", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00240-00087595-00087888": "It describes in great detail how language has developed.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00241-00087888-00088122": "I put a link into the Doobly-doo.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00242-00088122-00088227": "A personal remark:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00243-00088227-00088648": "When you want to be a Youtube partner or make money with your videos, you need an AdSense", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00244-00088648-00088748": "account.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00245-00088748-00089076": "Like most Youtubers, I took care of respecting the rules.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00246-00089076-00089504": "Nevertheless, AdSense has closed my account for \"invalid activity\", without telling me", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00247-00089504-00089730": "what I am actually accused of.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00248-00089730-00089854": "This means three things:", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00249-00089854-00090232": "I will continue making videos, but I will never be able to make money with them.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00250-00090232-00090645": "Secondly, I can't never again become a partner or join a network.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00251-00090645-00090910": "And third, I have no idea for what I'm punished -", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00252-00090910-00091154": "I can only guess that someone click-bombed me.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00253-00091154-00091638": "I will probably make a video about this incident.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00254-00091638-00091906": "This was the tenth episode of Earthlings 101.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00255-00091906-00092331": "Next time we'll talk about something that is crucial to understanding all kinds of group", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00256-00092331-00092518": "behaviour: Rituals.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00257-00092518-00092876": "This will also explain why earthlings like t-shirts with strange symbols.", "bD-TuvIqp9Y-00258-00092876-00095072": "Thanks for watching, and as always: Don't forget to be alien!"}}, {"audio_id": "bDCBptNi7wE", "text": {"bDCBptNi7wE-00000-00000057-00001028": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00001-00001270-00001727": "Now we're getting into the more", "bDCBptNi7wE-00002-00001553-00002192": "challenging part of the class. and today", "bDCBptNi7wE-00003-00001727-00002432": "we're focusing on the APA citations. That", "bDCBptNi7wE-00004-00002192-00002641": "is, inside your text, when you're writing", "bDCBptNi7wE-00005-00002432-00002875": "your research, what do you put inside", "bDCBptNi7wE-00006-00002641-00003240": "there to make your citation to show", "bDCBptNi7wE-00007-00002875-00003443": "where did you get the information from?", "bDCBptNi7wE-00008-00003240-00003829": "Let's begin with the most", "bDCBptNi7wE-00009-00003443-00004166": "straightforward, the most often used one", "bDCBptNi7wE-00010-00003829-00004484": "of these issues, which is when you", "bDCBptNi7wE-00011-00004166-00004564": "actually quote from something you've", "bDCBptNi7wE-00012-00004484-00004885": "read.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00013-00004564-00005032": "That's called a direct quote. Now what", "bDCBptNi7wE-00014-00004885-00005532": "we're going to do is we're going to put", "bDCBptNi7wE-00015-00005032-00005737": "our citation inside of a parenthetical..", "bDCBptNi7wE-00016-00005532-00006085": "(check out that word there)", "bDCBptNi7wE-00017-00005737-00006389": "parenthetical text. That means inside", "bDCBptNi7wE-00018-00006085-00006648": "parentheses, inside parentheses. That", "bDCBptNi7wE-00019-00006389-00006875": "means that we're going to be writing our", "bDCBptNi7wE-00020-00006648-00007181": "research sentence, and then we're going", "bDCBptNi7wE-00021-00006875-00007301": "to have a parenthesis open, and a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00022-00007181-00007568": "parentheses closed.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00023-00007301-00007955": "Please remember before parentheses, you", "bDCBptNi7wE-00024-00007568-00008282": "must have one space. Please remember the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00025-00007955-00008645": "space, right? And after the parentheses,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00026-00008282-00008942": "you must also have one space, and there's", "bDCBptNi7wE-00027-00008645-00009278": "no space at the beginning, no space at", "bDCBptNi7wE-00028-00008942-00009398": "the end, inside the parentheses. We're", "bDCBptNi7wE-00029-00009278-00009697": "going to look at some examples in a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00030-00009398-00010091": "second to see that, but keep that in mind.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00031-00009697-00010227": "So here's an example of how that looks", "bDCBptNi7wE-00032-00010091-00010797": "like:", "bDCBptNi7wE-00033-00010227-00011259": "Let's take  a look at these: Jones, 2015, comma p for", "bDCBptNi7wE-00034-00010797-00011522": "page, period, space, 152, wrote, \"no", "bDCBptNi7wE-00035-00011259-00011925": "factor is more important,\" although not", "bDCBptNi7wE-00036-00011522-00012246": "all researchers support this.\" So here we", "bDCBptNi7wE-00037-00011925-00012689": "need to first see we have a quotation,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00038-00012246-00012911": "don't we? A quotation, a direct quote. That", "bDCBptNi7wE-00039-00012689-00013109": "means we took this from a book, from a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00040-00012911-00013533": "journal article from somewhere. This is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00041-00013109-00013833": "exactly what someone wrote. Where did we", "bDCBptNi7wE-00042-00013533-00014198": "get it from? We got it from the author, it's", "bDCBptNi7wE-00043-00013833-00014594": "Jones. So this is the author's last name,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00044-00014198-00015020": "family name. This is the parenthetical,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00045-00014594-00015159": "open parentheses, close parentheses, and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00046-00015020-00015459": "then inside here we're going to follow", "bDCBptNi7wE-00047-00015159-00015762": "the APA style guide, which is we need to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00048-00015459-00016026": "have the year, then a comma. And if this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00049-00015762-00016341": "is a direct quote, it must be on a page,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00050-00016026-00016545": "on a specific page. So we're gonna put P", "bDCBptNi7wE-00051-00016341-00016760": "for one page. If it was more than one", "bDCBptNi7wE-00052-00016545-00017070": "page, it would be PP two p's together.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00053-00016760-00017442": "And we have the page number which is 152.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00054-00017070-00017943": "So this is just a little", "bDCBptNi7wE-00055-00017442-00018144": "example to get us going. Here's another", "bDCBptNi7wE-00056-00017943-00018360": "little example: \"Perception is key to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00057-00018144-00018732": "consumer satisfaction.\" What's the difference", "bDCBptNi7wE-00058-00018360-00018920": "between these two examples? Obviously,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00059-00018732-00019068": "they're not the same. The difference is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00060-00018920-00019419": "very straightforward. One is a direct", "bDCBptNi7wE-00061-00019068-00019617": "quote, and one is not a direct quote. it's", "bDCBptNi7wE-00062-00019419-00019812": "more of what we call a paraphrase. That is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00063-00019617-00020051": "it's about what they said, but not", "bDCBptNi7wE-00064-00019812-00020367": "exactly what they said. If you use", "bDCBptNi7wE-00065-00020051-00020582": "quotation marks, it must be exactly open", "bDCBptNi7wE-00066-00020367-00020807": "quotation close quotation, exactly what", "bDCBptNi7wE-00067-00020582-00021038": "they say. If it's exactly what they say,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00068-00020807-00021306": "you cannot use quotation marks. Even if", "bDCBptNi7wE-00069-00021038-00021495": "it's one word different, you cannot use", "bDCBptNi7wE-00070-00021306-00021779": "quotation marks. Quotation marks must be", "bDCBptNi7wE-00071-00021495-00022004": "exactly the same. In any case, you still", "bDCBptNi7wE-00072-00021779-00022329": "must have a citation. You still must tell", "bDCBptNi7wE-00073-00022004-00022588": "the reader where did this come from. And", "bDCBptNi7wE-00074-00022329-00022860": "so we're going to have to have that", "bDCBptNi7wE-00075-00022588-00023060": "parenthetical inside of there. In this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00076-00022860-00023273": "one, it's much simpler, right? because", "bDCBptNi7wE-00077-00023060-00023451": "we're just going to say, \"Yeah, this is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00078-00023273-00023551": "the kind of the idea that came from this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00079-00023451-00023793": "person.\"", "bDCBptNi7wE-00080-00023551-00024129": "Who is this person? This person is the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00081-00023793-00024472": "author Smith, and we have a comma and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00082-00024129-00025029": "then the year of the publication is from", "bDCBptNi7wE-00083-00024472-00025359": "2012. So again, this is the APA rule. We", "bDCBptNi7wE-00084-00025029-00025359": "will look at more closely.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00085-00025554-00025882": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00086-00026114-00026695": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00087-00026922-00027373": "Let's go ahead and start looking at some", "bDCBptNi7wE-00088-00027120-00027511": "of the basics of this. The first thing we", "bDCBptNi7wE-00089-00027373-00027766": "need to pay attention to is the name", "bDCBptNi7wE-00090-00027511-00027958": "because this is confusing. There are many", "bDCBptNi7wE-00091-00027766-00028255": "different ways to write names across the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00092-00027958-00028624": "world, and the APA style of course was", "bDCBptNi7wE-00093-00028255-00028939": "made for Western or European- American", "bDCBptNi7wE-00094-00028624-00029269": "names, and here's an example that we have:", "bDCBptNi7wE-00095-00028939-00029420": "Clyde A. Warden Jr., that's me. This is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00096-00029269-00029761": "very straight forward. It would seem very", "bDCBptNi7wE-00097-00029420-00030016": "easy to understand, but for many", "bDCBptNi7wE-00098-00029761-00030424": "non-native speakers, such as Chinese", "bDCBptNi7wE-00099-00030016-00030610": "Japanese and Indonesia, Malaysia, there", "bDCBptNi7wE-00100-00030424-00030993": "are many ways to write names that are", "bDCBptNi7wE-00101-00030610-00031339": "not at all this way. So we need to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00102-00030993-00031818": "understand how does this work. The idea", "bDCBptNi7wE-00103-00031339-00032104": "is that we have the family name here, and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00104-00031818-00032413": "this name is the name that we're going", "bDCBptNi7wE-00105-00032104-00032797": "to cite. These other names are the given", "bDCBptNi7wE-00106-00032413-00033244": "name. This is the first name. This is the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00107-00032797-00033556": "middle name, A, and then this is a suffix.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00108-00033244-00033721": "That is it comes after words, some kind", "bDCBptNi7wE-00109-00033556-00034138": "of suffix. This is not a title like", "bDCBptNi7wE-00110-00033721-00034384": "doctor or professor or a lawyer, or", "bDCBptNi7wE-00111-00034138-00034587": "something like that, or MD, medical doctor", "bDCBptNi7wE-00112-00034384-00034981": "no, no. This is part of the actual", "bDCBptNi7wE-00113-00034587-00035206": "person's name. So when we are citing a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00114-00034981-00035647": "person, we're going to pay attention to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00115-00035206-00035845": "the family name or the last name, and in", "bDCBptNi7wE-00116-00035647-00036106": "fact this is the name that we're going", "bDCBptNi7wE-00117-00035845-00036465": "to use to order our name. That is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00118-00036106-00036961": "alphabetical order, a to z based on this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00119-00036465-00037174": "W, not based on this C. So the reason we", "bDCBptNi7wE-00120-00036961-00037657": "do this is because we're going to order", "bDCBptNi7wE-00121-00037174-00037855": "our list later. Year of publication is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00122-00037657-00038080": "the next key point we need to remember.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00123-00037855-00038344": "So here's Kessler, so this is the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00124-00038080-00038614": "author's family name, and here is the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00125-00038344-00038994": "year of publication: \"Kessler found that", "bDCBptNi7wE-00126-00038614-00039294": "among epidemiological samples something,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00127-00038994-00039294": "2003.\"", "bDCBptNi7wE-00128-00039553-00040375": "Early onset results in a more persistent", "bDCBptNi7wE-00129-00039908-00040562": "and severe course.\" That's the year, 2003. So", "bDCBptNi7wE-00130-00040375-00040874": "again these are two ways to write this.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00131-00040562-00041591": "Both of these ways have parentheticals,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00132-00040874-00041933": "that is a parentheses. Let me show that to you", "bDCBptNi7wE-00133-00041591-00042181": "again. Here we have the parentheses, just", "bDCBptNi7wE-00134-00041933-00042403": "for the date, and in the second example,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00135-00042181-00042658": "we have the parentheses for the name and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00136-00042403-00042977": "the date. Both ways they are possible.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00137-00042658-00043609": "Both are parenthetical, that is they both", "bDCBptNi7wE-00138-00042977-00043903": "use parentheses. Sometimes you can get", "bDCBptNi7wE-00139-00043609-00044318": "away without using a parentheses at all,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00140-00043903-00044465": "and this is a very rare kind of case. Why", "bDCBptNi7wE-00141-00044318-00044696": "is it rare? because it's kind of hard to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00142-00044465-00045025": "write this way actually. It's much easier", "bDCBptNi7wE-00143-00044696-00045263": "to just write the ideas and then include", "bDCBptNi7wE-00144-00045025-00045644": "a parentheses, open parentheses, close.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00145-00045263-00045896": "Include the author and the date. That is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00146-00045644-00046115": "really the easiest way to write your", "bDCBptNi7wE-00147-00045896-00046427": "sentences. A harder way to write your", "bDCBptNi7wE-00148-00046115-00046663": "sentences would be in this case in 2003,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00149-00046427-00046952": "which right there is the year, comma.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00150-00046663-00047375": "Kessler, who's that? That's the author. This", "bDCBptNi7wE-00151-00046952-00047468": "study of this did something. Wow, well", "bDCBptNi7wE-00152-00047375-00047641": "that's interesting.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00153-00047468-00047999": "Because here's the idea I'm actually", "bDCBptNi7wE-00154-00047641-00048290": "writing about, but here's the person, and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00155-00047999-00048449": "here's the date. That's everything we", "bDCBptNi7wE-00156-00048290-00048569": "need. We don't need anything more in", "bDCBptNi7wE-00157-00048449-00048896": "parentheses, because we've already", "bDCBptNi7wE-00158-00048569-00049031": "included it. That's a rare case, and I", "bDCBptNi7wE-00159-00048896-00049190": "don't think you'll do that very much.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00160-00049031-00049331": "It's actually very hard to write that", "bDCBptNi7wE-00161-00049190-00049538": "way, especially when you have many", "bDCBptNi7wE-00162-00049331-00049888": "references which you should have for", "bDCBptNi7wE-00163-00049538-00049888": "your good quality research.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00164-00050077-00050386": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00165-00050620-00051236": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00166-00051439-00052046": "Within text of the same paragraph. So", "bDCBptNi7wE-00167-00051801-00052271": "we're inside one paragraph, and then", "bDCBptNi7wE-00168-00052046-00052505": "we're going to write a reference again.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00169-00052271-00052737": "It's kind of like repeating the same", "bDCBptNi7wE-00170-00052505-00052967": "reference, what do you do? Let's take a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00171-00052737-00053379": "look at an example here with is Kessler.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00172-00052967-00053562": "Here we have a paragraph. In fact, it's", "bDCBptNi7wE-00173-00053379-00053766": ".... two", "bDCBptNi7wE-00174-00053562-00054129": "sentences, two sentences in this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00175-00053766-00054375": "paragraph.  So", "bDCBptNi7wE-00176-00054129-00054504": "\"Among epidemiological sample (sorry I'm", "bDCBptNi7wE-00177-00054375-00055067": "not good at saying that word)", "bDCBptNi7wE-00178-00054504-00055476": "Kesler (2003)....\" So here's our first citation.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00179-00055067-00055988": "This citation tells us what? It tells us", "bDCBptNi7wE-00180-00055476-00056223": "the person's name and the date. \"Found", "bDCBptNi7wE-00181-00055988-00056463": "that early onset social anxiety disorder", "bDCBptNi7wE-00182-00056223-00056633": "result in a more potent and severe", "bDCBptNi7wE-00183-00056463-00056969": "course.\" End of sentence. Now we're going", "bDCBptNi7wE-00184-00056633-00057238": "to begin another sentence: \"Kessler also", "bDCBptNi7wE-00185-00056969-00057519": "found issues with social integration and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00186-00057238-00057980": "depression. Here we have a really", "bDCBptNi7wE-00187-00057519-00058335": "great example of the same paper. This is", "bDCBptNi7wE-00188-00057980-00058670": "the same research, kessler (2003) used", "bDCBptNi7wE-00189-00058335-00058880": "twice inside the same paragraph. APA", "bDCBptNi7wE-00190-00058670-00059172": "style tells us that if you use the same", "bDCBptNi7wE-00191-00058880-00059382": "paper, the same citation, twice in the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00192-00059172-00059720": "same paragraph, you do not need to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00193-00059382-00059930": "include the date the second time. That of", "bDCBptNi7wE-00194-00059720-00060188": "course is a special rule. You must", "bDCBptNi7wE-00195-00059930-00060392": "remember inside the same paragraph.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00196-00060188-00060594": "Actually, it's pretty common because when", "bDCBptNi7wE-00197-00060392-00060782": "you write a paragraph, you mention in", "bDCBptNi7wE-00198-00060594-00060920": "this case, Kessler, and then Kessler said,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00199-00060782-00061082": "and then Kessler says something more, and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00200-00060920-00061307": "Kessler did something more. So it's", "bDCBptNi7wE-00201-00061082-00061476": "actually very common, and this saves you", "bDCBptNi7wE-00202-00061307-00061802": "a lot of trouble. You do not need to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00203-00061476-00061976": "repeat that date. Another paragraph,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00204-00061802-00062255": "the second paragraph, third paragraph", "bDCBptNi7wE-00205-00061976-00062562": "however is different. You'd need to have", "bDCBptNi7wE-00206-00062255-00062792": "the date again. You cannot skip it at", "bDCBptNi7wE-00207-00062562-00063055": "that time. This is inside the same", "bDCBptNi7wE-00208-00062792-00063055": "paragraph.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00209-00063119-00063801": "If the repeat is in the same paragraph,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00210-00063429-00064092": "however, the first occurrence was inside", "bDCBptNi7wE-00211-00063801-00064360": "the parentheses, then you do need to", "bDCBptNi7wE-00212-00064092-00064527": "include the date. So let's look at that a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00213-00064360-00064816": "little bit carefully, hard to understand.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00214-00064527-00065094": "Here we have the first time we use the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00215-00064816-00065267": "kessler citation here. \"The study also", "bDCBptNi7wE-00216-00065094-00065662": "showed that there was a high rate of", "bDCBptNi7wE-00217-00065267-00065820": "comorbidity with alcohol", "bDCBptNi7wE-00218-00065662-00066247": "abuse, or dependence, and major depression.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00219-00065820-00066412": "(kessler, 2003). In the same study here, I'm", "bDCBptNi7wE-00220-00066247-00066864": "going to cite Kessler again, the same", "bDCBptNi7wE-00221-00066412-00067194": "paper. But because the first time was", "bDCBptNi7wE-00222-00066864-00067458": "inside the parentheses, the whole name", "bDCBptNi7wE-00223-00067194-00067837": "the name, not just the date, the name now", "bDCBptNi7wE-00224-00067458-00068139": "I'm using the name here, I must include", "bDCBptNi7wE-00225-00067837-00068535": "the date. Even if I included the name", "bDCBptNi7wE-00226-00068139-00068826": "inside the parentheses such as here,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00227-00068535-00069211": "Kessler, I would also still need the date", "bDCBptNi7wE-00228-00068826-00069660": "of 2003, because this first time was", "bDCBptNi7wE-00229-00069211-00069660": "inside the parentheses, very confusing.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00230-00069985-00070568": "This is a great example of the", "bDCBptNi7wE-00231-00070235-00070904": "complexity of the APA rule. They don't", "bDCBptNi7wE-00232-00070568-00071152": "give you a rule of thumb or a guideline", "bDCBptNi7wE-00233-00070904-00071504": "like MLA does, but they're very, very", "bDCBptNi7wE-00234-00071152-00071732": "specific about things like this. If", "bDCBptNi7wE-00235-00071504-00072206": "you're using software like EndNote or", "bDCBptNi7wE-00236-00071732-00072416": "Zotero, they probably will try to do this", "bDCBptNi7wE-00237-00072206-00072704": "for you, but again you've got to be", "bDCBptNi7wE-00238-00072416-00072947": "really careful. I find that this kind of", "bDCBptNi7wE-00239-00072704-00073175": "rule often does not work inside that", "bDCBptNi7wE-00240-00072947-00073442": "automatic software, and in fact and", "bDCBptNi7wE-00241-00073175-00073619": "scramble or mix up my paper in general.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00242-00073442-00073958": "So you need to really be careful. Again", "bDCBptNi7wE-00243-00073619-00074308": "very quickly, if you have the same paper", "bDCBptNi7wE-00244-00073958-00074677": "cited twice and the first time the name", "bDCBptNi7wE-00245-00074308-00074975": "of the author is outside the parentheses,", "bDCBptNi7wE-00246-00074677-00075413": "then the next time you do not need a", "bDCBptNi7wE-00247-00074975-00075713": "date. However, if the first time is inside", "bDCBptNi7wE-00248-00075413-00076001": "the parentheses, the second time you do", "bDCBptNi7wE-00249-00075713-00076312": "need a date again. You need to repeat", "bDCBptNi7wE-00250-00076001-00076526": "that. If it's inside or outside", "bDCBptNi7wE-00251-00076312-00076744": "parentheses, it doesn't matter the second", "bDCBptNi7wE-00252-00076526-00076744": "time.", "bDCBptNi7wE-00253-00077089-00077402": "[Music]", "bDCBptNi7wE-00254-00077637-00077962": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "bDKviJlCRgI", "text": {"bDKviJlCRgI-00000-00000575-00000775": "Did they forget to add salt?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00001-00000785-00000917": "I think they forgot to season!", "bDKviJlCRgI-00002-00001262-00002215": "Hi guys, welcome back to Immandtopchannel. Make sure to subscribe and hit the notification button for our new video every week.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00003-00002273-00002700": "During pandemic, one thing we have in our pantry is canned food", "bDKviJlCRgI-00004-00002743-00003048": "What we have today are canned fish in tomato sauce.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00005-00003123-00003328": "One of the Thai's stable ingredient", "bDKviJlCRgI-00006-00003334-00003928": "We do have at least one at home even when we're in the US", "bDKviJlCRgI-00007-00003998-00004444": "But sometime we couldn't find Thai brand here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00008-00004493-00004957": "Even in Asian market", "bDKviJlCRgI-00009-00004988-00005321": "So we would like to know", "bDKviJlCRgI-00010-00005349-00005768": "and try the different brand of canned fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00011-00005777-00006148": "which is easier to find in the US now", "bDKviJlCRgI-00012-00006169-00006448": "and see how it tastes like and will we like it or not", "bDKviJlCRgI-00013-00006462-00006631": "We aren't that picky, but we have standards", "bDKviJlCRgI-00014-00006639-00006839": "first is price because it's very cheap in Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00015-00006913-00007127": "second is the quantity of fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00016-00007149-00007509": "lastly is the taste that we use to", "bDKviJlCRgI-00017-00007527-00007811": "I don't want to waste any minute now. Let's try it!", "bDKviJlCRgI-00018-00007811-00007861": "with Ligo", "bDKviJlCRgI-00019-00008511-00009041": "Ok. Let's start with LIGO brand. We have 2 types of canned fish.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00020-00009041-00009292": "One with tomato sauce and with chili", "bDKviJlCRgI-00021-00009306-00009501": "Actually, I forgot to say that", "bDKviJlCRgI-00022-00009513-00009685": "when we find canned fish in tomato sauce here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00023-00009685-00009842": "You can't just grab ones with red can", "bDKviJlCRgI-00024-00009842-00009999": "sometimes you will get ones with chili instead", "bDKviJlCRgI-00025-00009999-00010327": "the green can is with tomato sauce that we want", "bDKviJlCRgI-00026-00010327-00010609": "but the one in red is chili added", "bDKviJlCRgI-00027-00010837-00011238": "Also the fish that we choose are all sardines for fairness", "bDKviJlCRgI-00028-00011238-00011619": "in Thailand there are sardines and mackerel", "bDKviJlCRgI-00029-00011619-00011819": "but today we choose all sardines", "bDKviJlCRgI-00030-00011819-00012213": "this is from Philippines", "bDKviJlCRgI-00031-00012213-00012483": "Let's taste it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00032-00012483-00012707": "did we tell you how much it is?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00033-00012724-00013252": "No, Ligo canned fish is about $1.09", "bDKviJlCRgI-00034-00013252-00013329": "30 Thai baht", "bDKviJlCRgI-00035-00013329-00013497": "Kinda expensive for canned fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00036-00013644-00014291": "There are one .. two .. four .. five fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00037-00014291-00014341": "really?!", "bDKviJlCRgI-00038-00014341-00014541": "one with 4 fish and the other with 5 fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00039-00014541-00014661": "why's that?   maybe different types of canned fish?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00040-00014661-00015133": "it doesn't look different to me P'Top. Let's taste", "bDKviJlCRgI-00041-00015573-00015887": "it's dull. Let's try with chili added", "bDKviJlCRgI-00042-00016104-00016369": "the color are the same here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00043-00016369-00016602": "it's not spicy to me but there's a hint to it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00044-00016665-00016844": "I think it's a bit more sour.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00045-00016844-00016952": "with a little spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00046-00016983-00017177": "but this one is not that flavorful", "bDKviJlCRgI-00047-00017189-00017370": "with a little sweetness in there", "bDKviJlCRgI-00048-00017400-00017628": "it's not so rich in flavor", "bDKviJlCRgI-00049-00017710-00017944": "let me try again", "bDKviJlCRgI-00050-00018414-00018717": "the fish is so tender", "bDKviJlCRgI-00051-00018726-00018858": "not firm like mackerel", "bDKviJlCRgI-00052-00018925-00019067": "the fish itself is okay", "bDKviJlCRgI-00053-00019692-00019811": "the taste of fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00054-00019811-00019861": "is so close to each other", "bDKviJlCRgI-00055-00019861-00020039": "but the chili adds a kick to it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00056-00020108-00020905": "the thing that differentiate these two are the sweetness and the spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00057-00020933-00021366": "Well, if you like spicy this fish is okay in my view as Thai", "bDKviJlCRgI-00058-00021366-00021703": "This will be great for Thai style menu", "bDKviJlCRgI-00059-00021703-00022123": "just add more chopped Thai chili if you want more spice.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00060-00022123-00022198": "and add lime juice", "bDKviJlCRgI-00061-00022251-00022373": "Let's try the second one", "bDKviJlCRgI-00062-00022412-00022506": "Goya", "bDKviJlCRgI-00063-00023220-00023435": "Second brand we have today is Goya", "bDKviJlCRgI-00064-00023435-00023582": "They're like the first brand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00065-00023582-00023853": "with tomato sauce and chili sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00066-00023853-00024125": "It's a product of Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00067-00024125-00024449": "Really! Yes it is product of Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00068-00024449-00024683": "I thought it's Spanish brand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00069-00024683-00024854": "but it's actually from Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00070-00024854-00024963": "they have the same weight", "bDKviJlCRgI-00071-00024995-00025148": "155 grams", "bDKviJlCRgI-00072-00025148-00025707": "and the price is 99 cents. Really close", "bDKviJlCRgI-00073-00025707-00025780": "Ligo is a bit pricier", "bDKviJlCRgI-00074-00025780-00026083": "Let's try it.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00075-00026273-00026495": "this one looks clearer", "bDKviJlCRgI-00076-00026495-00026670": "but ooh", "bDKviJlCRgI-00077-00026731-00026876": "bigger fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00078-00026894-00026989": "a bit bigger", "bDKviJlCRgI-00079-00026989-00027060": "and only 3 fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00080-00027083-00027230": "let's taste the sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00081-00027401-00027475": "with tomato sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00082-00027969-00028214": "it's salty compare to Ligo", "bDKviJlCRgI-00083-00028243-00028618": "Ligo has a sweetness in the sauce but this is salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00084-00028818-00028893": "how about chili", "bDKviJlCRgI-00085-00028972-00029147": "way too salty!", "bDKviJlCRgI-00086-00029303-00029591": "too salty. No spicy at all", "bDKviJlCRgI-00087-00029591-00029732": "oh no", "bDKviJlCRgI-00088-00029732-00030029": "This is dull and salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00089-00030133-00030318": "Trying to find what is missing here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00090-00030336-00030556": "sweetness", "bDKviJlCRgI-00091-00030900-00031262": "it too salty overall", "bDKviJlCRgI-00092-00031771-00032160": "it's the same with both of Goya's. It's really salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00093-00032186-00032458": "La Sirena Let's try this one", "bDKviJlCRgI-00094-00033176-00033697": "this one La Sirena, right? La Serina", "bDKviJlCRgI-00095-00033738-00034030": "it comes with the same red color", "bDKviJlCRgI-00096-00034030-00034230": "it's not different in color", "bDKviJlCRgI-00097-00034230-00034329": "one thing that will tell is", "bDKviJlCRgI-00098-00034329-00034533": "the tomato picture", "bDKviJlCRgI-00099-00034533-00034860": "and the chili picture to tell you the difference", "bDKviJlCRgI-00100-00034860-00035098": "but it's really small", "bDKviJlCRgI-00101-00035265-00035587": "La Sirena is from Vietnam", "bDKviJlCRgI-00102-00035731-00036188": "the price is about ...  wait a minute this is funny", "bDKviJlCRgI-00103-00036518-00036749": "Uh, This is canned fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00104-00036749-00037099": "it should contain fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00105-00037130-00037744": "well, the price is 99 cents or around 30 Thai Baht. Same as Goya", "bDKviJlCRgI-00106-00037843-00038062": "let's try it now", "bDKviJlCRgI-00107-00038316-00038604": "tomato-y", "bDKviJlCRgI-00108-00038648-00038830": "Smell this, it is so tomato-y", "bDKviJlCRgI-00109-00038852-00039076": "The color is really great", "bDKviJlCRgI-00110-00039099-00039200": "the sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00111-00039200-00039569": "this is thicker than the last two", "bDKviJlCRgI-00112-00039569-00040005": "the tomato sauce color is nice and thick", "bDKviJlCRgI-00113-00040005-00040160": "is this all?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00114-00040160-00040361": "I has 5 fish in a can", "bDKviJlCRgI-00115-00040361-00040575": "yours has only 4 again?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00116-00040575-00040829": "Why????? no no no", "bDKviJlCRgI-00117-00040829-00041038": "Mine has only 3 fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00118-00041038-00041442": "but overall the sauce itself", "bDKviJlCRgI-00119-00041442-00041738": "is very thick and vibrant color", "bDKviJlCRgI-00120-00042283-00042428": "it's sweet and savory", "bDKviJlCRgI-00121-00042539-00042773": "it has more flavor than the last two", "bDKviJlCRgI-00122-00042773-00042928": "more intense in flavor", "bDKviJlCRgI-00123-00042928-00043059": "but it's sweet", "bDKviJlCRgI-00124-00043059-00043269": "how about the chili sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00125-00043632-00044213": "it has less sweet and opens up to spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00126-00044213-00044448": "let's try the fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00127-00044448-00044702": "in a word so small", "bDKviJlCRgI-00128-00044702-00044996": "but thicker", "bDKviJlCRgI-00129-00045090-00045397": "it's like Ligo", "bDKviJlCRgI-00130-00045827-00046218": "it's really firmer texture compare to those two", "bDKviJlCRgI-00131-00046218-00046416": "is it really sardines?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00132-00046416-00046466": "it should be", "bDKviJlCRgI-00133-00046466-00046795": "this is way firmer than the last two", "bDKviJlCRgI-00134-00046795-00047058": "the Ligo and Goya", "bDKviJlCRgI-00135-00047315-00047562": "this is chili one", "bDKviJlCRgI-00136-00047669-00047883": "oh, no flavor at all", "bDKviJlCRgI-00137-00047928-00048338": "why there's no sauce in chili", "bDKviJlCRgI-00138-00048338-00048568": "oh no sauce goes into the fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00139-00048568-00048996": "we really like the one with this tomato sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00140-00048996-00049189": "this is our favorite now", "bDKviJlCRgI-00141-00049189-00049459": "since we have tried three brands", "bDKviJlCRgI-00142-00049459-00050018": "it's sweet, firm texture and flavorful", "bDKviJlCRgI-00143-00050018-00050241": "it's really nice. Let's try the next one.", "bDKviJlCRgI-00144-00050241-00050484": "what is this? why are you laughing?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00145-00050484-00050696": "the name of it is 555", "bDKviJlCRgI-00146-00050696-00050896": "hahaha", "bDKviJlCRgI-00147-00051529-00051826": "the 4th brand we're trying is ...", "bDKviJlCRgI-00148-00052026-00052640": "it's the canned fish that makes me laugh out loud at supermarket every single time", "bDKviJlCRgI-00149-00052640-00052881": "we are having fun even we don't open it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00150-00052881-00053312": "it's from Philippines", "bDKviJlCRgI-00151-00054647-00055543": "it's pretty much the same with the color. Green for tomato sauce and red for chili sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00152-00055543-00055972": "the price is 79 cents which is less than 30 Thai Baht", "bDKviJlCRgI-00153-00055972-00056159": "this is cheap. the cheapest", "bDKviJlCRgI-00154-00056159-00056641": "this is lighter in color. The sauce is runny", "bDKviJlCRgI-00155-00056641-00056937": "the fish is really small", "bDKviJlCRgI-00156-00056937-00057365": "P'Top I'm so curious about this. I'm good at picking canned fish with less fish for these 4 cans I have now", "bDKviJlCRgI-00157-00057365-00057608": "I only found 3 fish in a can", "bDKviJlCRgI-00158-00057608-00057892": "4 fish and never have 5 fish in a can at all", "bDKviJlCRgI-00159-00057892-00058190": "but it's so weird that you have bigger fish than mine", "bDKviJlCRgI-00160-00058190-00058520": "maybe is the weight", "bDKviJlCRgI-00161-00058520-00058924": "there are 6 fish in my can", "bDKviJlCRgI-00162-00058924-00058989": "maybe it's good for someone who wants many small fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00163-00058989-00059152": "bite sized fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00164-00059152-00059408": "this one is for big size", "bDKviJlCRgI-00165-00059408-00059620": "let's taste the sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00166-00059620-00059680": "tomato sauce first", "bDKviJlCRgI-00167-00059680-00059915": "this is runny", "bDKviJlCRgI-00168-00059915-00060375": "it's salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00169-00060375-00060723": "it's really salty but not as Goya's", "bDKviJlCRgI-00170-00060723-00061021": "less than Goya's", "bDKviJlCRgI-00171-00061021-00061177": "but it's still very salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00172-00061416-00061951": "this one the sauce it thicker", "bDKviJlCRgI-00173-00061951-00062335": "it's saltier", "bDKviJlCRgI-00174-00062335-00062607": "this is worse", "bDKviJlCRgI-00175-00062607-00062915": "let's try the fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00176-00062915-00063123": "salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00177-00063123-00063464": "the fish is really firm texture", "bDKviJlCRgI-00178-00063464-00063809": "it's really firm fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00179-00063809-00064135": "the fish is really nice, not salty and not fishy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00180-00064135-00064381": "but the sauce is very salty", "bDKviJlCRgI-00181-00064381-00064721": "how about chili one", "bDKviJlCRgI-00182-00065053-00065385": "the sauce it very salty but the fish is not that salty at all", "bDKviJlCRgI-00183-00065385-00065645": "what happened here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00184-00065645-00066030": "overall these two are pretty much the same", "bDKviJlCRgI-00185-00066030-00066515": "this chili one is a bit spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00186-00066515-00066849": "but the spicy will come after you eat the fish", "bDKviJlCRgI-00187-00066849-00067339": "the sauce itself is not that spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00188-00067379-00067735": "the 4th one we're trying is 555 brand hahaha", "bDKviJlCRgI-00189-00067735-00068035": "it's time for the last brand today Ibaria", "bDKviJlCRgI-00190-00068642-00069431": "the last one we're gonna try today is Ibaria. It's a product of Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00191-00069431-00069564": "another brand from Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00192-00069564-00069974": "but one thing that we have to mentioned is the can itself", "bDKviJlCRgI-00193-00069974-00070267": "it's hard to open", "bDKviJlCRgI-00194-00070267-00070886": "and the price is 89 cents", "bDKviJlCRgI-00195-00071618-00072139": "the sauce is very watery, oh no", "bDKviJlCRgI-00196-00072139-00072339": "there are 3 fish in a can", "bDKviJlCRgI-00197-00072339-00072542": "3 sardines and color of the sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00198-00072542-00072864": "is not that thick", "bDKviJlCRgI-00199-00072864-00073291": "the smell is subtle", "bDKviJlCRgI-00200-00073622-00074174": "so dull. The color tells you the flavor", "bDKviJlCRgI-00201-00074174-00074329": "but the fish is very big", "bDKviJlCRgI-00202-00074329-00074695": "umm, the fish is firm", "bDKviJlCRgI-00203-00074695-00075013": "but again they're tasteless", "bDKviJlCRgI-00204-00075013-00075573": "did they forget the salt? did they forget to season?", "bDKviJlCRgI-00205-00075573-00076007": "it's like they caught the fish and packed in the can without seasoning it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00206-00076007-00076286": "just package it right away", "bDKviJlCRgI-00207-00076286-00076803": "alright, so after we tried 5 brands for canned fish today", "bDKviJlCRgI-00208-00076803-00077131": "ligo, goya, la serina", "bDKviJlCRgI-00209-00077131-00077467": "555 and ibaria", "bDKviJlCRgI-00210-00077467-00077656": "five brands of it", "bDKviJlCRgI-00211-00077656-00077941": "we will run through each category now", "bDKviJlCRgI-00212-00077941-00078082": "start with price. Ligo is the most expensive", "bDKviJlCRgI-00213-00078355-00078922": "and 555 and Goya are the cheapest one", "bDKviJlCRgI-00214-00079583-00079956": "the rest are the same price  in between", "bDKviJlCRgI-00215-00079956-00080288": "about the taste that really fits our tastebuds", "bDKviJlCRgI-00216-00080288-00080660": "I really like Ligo brand even the sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00217-00080660-00081045": "is not as thick as La Serina", "bDKviJlCRgI-00218-00081045-00081288": "the La Serina has really thick and flavorful sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00219-00081288-00081665": "but I think the Ligo fish is really fits our tastebuds", "bDKviJlCRgI-00220-00081665-00081953": "same here. BUT why do we have the same taste? it can't be", "bDKviJlCRgI-00221-00081953-00082332": "Well, it's balancing the taste and the spice very well", "bDKviJlCRgI-00222-00082332-00082596": "but La Serina is too sweet and very thick sauce", "bDKviJlCRgI-00223-00082596-00082880": "which is not our style", "bDKviJlCRgI-00224-00082880-00083424": "I think with tomato sauce it has a slightly sweet in flavor", "bDKviJlCRgI-00225-00083424-00083690": "it's really close to Thai Canned fish back there", "bDKviJlCRgI-00226-00083690-00083962": "and when it's the chili sauce. It gets really spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00227-00083962-00084354": "not just slightly spicy", "bDKviJlCRgI-00228-00084354-00084575": "but La Serina is intense", "bDKviJlCRgI-00229-00084575-00085009": "so what we have to vote for the best is LIGO!!!!", "bDKviJlCRgI-00230-00085009-00085273": "which is the most expensive of all", "bDKviJlCRgI-00231-00085273-00085487": "but if it's worth it then it's okay", "bDKviJlCRgI-00232-00085662-00086334": "so this is the review of canned fish in tomato sauce that we found in the US", "bDKviJlCRgI-00233-00086334-00086734": "it's an eye-opening for us as well to know that there're canned fish out there that taste really close to what we have in Thailand", "bDKviJlCRgI-00234-00086734-00087228": "if anyone try different brand here", "bDKviJlCRgI-00235-00087228-00087755": "that we didn't try today. Please let us know in the comment section below", "bDKviJlCRgI-00236-00087755-00088230": "and make sure to subscribe over channel as well", "bDKviJlCRgI-00237-00088230-00088427": "See you later, BYE!"}}, {"audio_id": "bEpEqW3BmKo", "text": {"bEpEqW3BmKo-00000-00000000-00000588": "he's making sweet potatoes dude no he's burning leaves he cooks sweet potatoes in the leaves", "bEpEqW3BmKo-00001-00000816-00001092": "really what what is that image", "bEpEqW3BmKo-00002-00001146-00001830": "you'll watch what we're doing what is that no no no no no no no no what is that it's a sweet potato", "bEpEqW3BmKo-00003-00002064-00002910": "what is that it's a sweet potato it says pink it's a sweet potato the unfathomable [__]"}}, {"audio_id": "bEyJMlmKOKu", "text": {"bEyJMlmKOKu-00000-00000256-00000648": "do you want your computer to be quiet with better performance", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00001-00000648-00001096": "the pictures are in dutch but i will translate the settings to english", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00002-00001096-00001520": "windows will come up with warnings and that is because they don't want claims", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00003-00001520-00001903": "the story goes that with the release of windows 95 big", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00004-00001903-00002408": "accountancy companies had made expensive software that relayed on this flush", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00005-00002408-00002824": "so at microsoft they made this hack and that is why the warnings are that", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00006-00002824-00003255": "big maybe you can try this just before you", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00007-00003255-00003776": "throw your laptop out of the window try to follow these steps", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00008-00003776-00004232": "i did this years ago and still find the same great results", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00009-00004232-00004752": "even in windows 10 and 11. click start and search for the device", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00010-00004752-00005103": "manager in the device manager you locate and", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00011-00005103-00005696": "click on your drives and right click for the drive properties", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00012-00005696-00006160": "and open the tab policies in this tab tick the box to enable write", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00013-00006160-00006590": "cache on your device", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00014-00006640-00007128": "and tick the next box to switch off the empty right cache buffer", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00015-00007128-00007568": "now you have two tick boxes on that is okay", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00016-00007568-00007968": "save this by clicking ok and restart your computer", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00017-00007968-00008375": "no claims at my address i have done this with all my computers and that is the", "bEyJMlmKOKu-00018-00008375-00008892": "only thing i can give you it works"}}, {"audio_id": "bEzB9WVJ4no", "text": {"bEzB9WVJ4no-00000-00000000-00000624": "SAINt Jhn Type Beat 2020 | Post Malone Type Beat •IGNORANT• Piano Trap Ambient [by Alexx Melo]"}}, {"audio_id": "bEc9s9aBtHU", "text": {"bEc9s9aBtHU-00000-00000062-00000549": "Samurai Carpenter Router Jig for Cutting Mortises and Tenons - A 3 Minute Overview", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00001-00000549-00001701": "Hola, Woodworkers!  Paul Carlson here -   Small Workshop Guy. I ran across a", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00002-00001701-00002367": "video by the Samurai Carpenter where he took a simple 12 x 12  x 3/8 inch thick", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00003-00002367-00003002": "piece of polycarbonate and he created a very stable base for his plunge router", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00004-00003002-00003645": "and then put a series of holes around the edge that allowed him to attach", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00005-00003645-00004386": "fences. So it became a very stable mortise and tenon cutting aid.   That's", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00006-00004386-00004871": "what I'm going to build today.  Use a straight edge from the corners to find", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00007-00004871-00005661": "the center -  then mark a circle around the center using some sort of  device.", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00008-00005661-00006761": "I used  a drill press with the circle saw to cut out the center hole.", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00009-00006761-00007184": "That worked really, really well!", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00010-00007236-00008125": "Drill with a countersink bit from the bottom side of your plastic sheet where", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00011-00008125-00008720": "you need to attach router.   You might want to do those part way through the Forstner bit", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00012-00008720-00009232": "and then drill a hole larger than the screws you going to use so that you", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00013-00009232-00010034": "can center your base when you need to.   Then countersink from the opposite side-", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00014-00010034-00010681": "in this case the top side  - screws every 3/4 of an inch around the entire", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00015-00010681-00011290": "edge of the base.  And this is what it looks like when you're finished.   I have a", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00016-00011290-00012073": "link to Jesse's  (Samurai Carpenter) video in my description where", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00017-00012073-00012718": "you can see him demonstrate using his jig to set it up to cut a through mortise and", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00018-00012718-00013369": "then the tenon.  Very, very interesting!  Thank You, Jesse,  for a great idea!", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00019-00013369-00014191": "As far as the polycarbonate sheet. I got mine on Amazon - delivered in two days (Prime).", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00020-00014191-00014690": "Go to the Samurai Carpenter website and his Store and  click on anything that takes you to Amazon.", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00021-00014690-00015380": "Then do a search for \"polycarbonate sheet transparent small parts.\"", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00022-00015380-00015962": "Small Workshop Guy  -signing off!", "bEc9s9aBtHU-00023-00015962-00016282": "Do me a big favor - share, comment, like and subscribe!  Thank you!"}}, {"audio_id": "bF3mXy-6M_o", "text": {"bF3mXy-6M_o-00000-00000016-00000463": "hello everyone thank you for tuning in to bonnet nights so i'm not the smartest", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00001-00000463-00001000": "and i'm not the dumbest i'm in line today with my coupon and one of my coupons said", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00002-00001000-00001688": "2 whole percent milk for 77 cents well i download the coupon and i also had the coupon just in case", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00003-00001688-00002144": "you know these janky computers don't work the cashier literally tried to give me a hard time", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00004-00002144-00002800": "it's like this is why i do self-checkout i'm like dude i can clearly see on the coupon what it says", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00005-00002800-00003272": "it says everything both for whole milk and two percent milk which is the picture", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00006-00003272-00003904": "excluding chocolate milk he tried to give me a hard time for 77 cents dude i could pay", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00007-00003904-00004488": "2.99 don't give me a hard time for something that you clearly can see and not clear to see", "bF3mXy-6M_o-00008-00004488-00005880": "if you're underworking overpaid relax take a day off and chill because it's not that deep okay you"}}, {"audio_id": "bFvKGl9VuDU", "text": {"bFvKGl9VuDU-00000-00000003-00000423": "hey guys what's up it's Steph Curry thirty back here with a brand new", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00001-00000423-00001680": "YouTube video today's videos about us going into would be the phone yo yo yo", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00002-00001680-00005370": "he's behind us back there somewhere so you guys can see busy what the heck we're busy being tasty", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00003-00009507-00010863": "he's right there I can't I can't running he's right there to the top", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00004-00010863-00013668": "he's right there guys I am NOT your few bucks right there hey guys we stopped see just to see", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00005-00013668-00015147": "rahiba dum diddy haha guys this is not a joke this is not a skit this is real this is real for sure", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00006-00015147-00015732": "straight down there", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00007-00015732-00016335": "we made it to top", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00008-00019401-00022098": "ah he found us hey guys I can't stop - guys this creepy lush freaky clown is back out", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00009-00022155-00024453": "ok this clown is following us right there go go go go okay", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00010-00024453-00025017": "we made it to the bottom how long is this conscience gonna go on for", "bFvKGl9VuDU-00011-00025677-00027180": "organs haha guy oh he's still find it you know oh shoot no no"}}, {"audio_id": "bFB11wKPXM8", "text": {"bFB11wKPXM8-00000-00000000-00016616": "Swing My Way"}}, {"audio_id": "bGzsZ4_SU-c", "text": {"bGzsZ4_SU-c-00000-00000064-00000704": "The shame", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00001-00000818-00001196": "The question that stopped the Yad Vashem convention", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00002-00001208-00001554": "How is it possible that the president of Yad Vashem, Is the son of a Judenrat?", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00003-00001622-00002190": "and only before a couple of weeks I discovered somthing very weird", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00004-00002242-00002724": "and my question is, especially to mr. Avner Shalev the Yad Vashem chairman", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00005-00002828-00003156": "the entire panel here talked about memory and ethics", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00006-00003728-00004338": "the two teachers here talked about ethics and memory", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00007-00004394-00004612": "with education crossing them in the middle", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00008-00004684-00005072": "and I ask, how do we elect the head of memorial authority", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00009-00005094-00005280": "a man which is the son of a Judenrat", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00010-00005338-00005678": "what kind of memory and ethics is there here", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00011-00006270-00007170": "The shame", "bGzsZ4_SU-c-00012-00007358-00007840": "How is it possible that the president of Yad Vashem, Is the son of a Judenrat?"}}, {"audio_id": "bGAXzncrBD8", "text": {"bGAXzncrBD8-00000-00000017-00000254": "Monday Minute at AutomationDirect.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00001-00000254-00000803": "AutomationDirect now offers a line of High Torque Belts from our brand SureMotion.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00002-00000803-00001234": "Synchronous drive belts and pulleys utilize teeth to prevent slippage and unwanted speed", "bGAXzncrBD8-00003-00001234-00001334": "variations.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00004-00001334-00001721": "AutomationDirect SureMotion 5M and 8M  high torque", "bGAXzncrBD8-00005-00001721-00002125": "synchronous drive/timing belts have a curvilinear HTD tooth profile which", "bGAXzncrBD8-00006-00002125-00002614": "allows the belts to have a much larger pulley contact area for improved performance.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00007-00002614-00003143": "The chloroprene belt body is heat and ozone resistant with a high tooth shear resistance.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00008-00003143-00003668": "Fiberglass tensile cord provides high dimensional stability and maximum flexibility.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00009-00003668-00004010": "The nylon tooth cover provides durability, wear resistance", "bGAXzncrBD8-00010-00004010-00004224": "and increased power capacity.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00011-00004224-00004818": "Belt operating temperature range is -13/+185 degrees Fahrenheit.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00012-00004818-00005279": "SureMotion timing belts are an excellent choice for many industrial applications.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00013-00005279-00005668": "Belt widths from 9mm to 30mm and circumferences from 180mm", "bGAXzncrBD8-00014-00005668-00006461": "to 4400mm and pitch sizes are available in 5 and 8 mm with 2 different popular widths", "bGAXzncrBD8-00015-00006461-00006633": "offered for each pitch size.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00016-00006633-00007217": "Priced from $5.50, AutomationDirect SureMotion high torque drive/timing belts conform to", "bGAXzncrBD8-00017-00007217-00007661": "ARPM standard IP-27 and have a 1-year warranty.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00018-00007661-00008665": "Learn more by visiting: www.automationdirect.com/timing-belts Click here to see other Monday Minute videos.", "bGAXzncrBD8-00019-00008665-00008928": "Click here to see More products from AutomationDirect."}}, {"audio_id": "bGD2GI3c5RA", "text": {"bGD2GI3c5RA-00000-00000448-00000952": "we're really pleased to be here and to share some information about our program i want to introduce", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00001-00000952-00001488": "our speakers i'm elizabeth forst as michael said i work with an organization called virginia", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00002-00001488-00002056": "community food connections we uh work with farmers markets in the fredericksburg region to do snap in", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00003-00002056-00002696": "virginia fresh match and i'm also a co-lead in the virginia fresh match network along with my partner", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00004-00002696-00003520": "maureen mcnamara best maureen you want to do a little introduction hi i'm maureen best uh i'm", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00005-00003584-00004152": "director of leap local environmental agriculture project based out of roanoke virginia and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00006-00004240-00004744": "similar to elizabeth for a local food based organization farmers markets and food access work", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00007-00004744-00005784": "and a food hub and then i'm also a colleague of virginia fresh match great and finally john henry", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00008-00006120-00006504": "hi i'm john henry and i'm the owner of the john henry general store and we're", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00009-00006504-00007392": "a fresh match site grocery store in new market virginia great well we're so pleased to um to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00010-00007464-00007952": "talk with you all today and we'll just jump right in on what we're going to talk about today uh as", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00011-00007952-00008584": "you know is is snap the supplemental nutrition assistance program formerly known as food stamps", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00012-00008648-00009320": "and the virginia fresh match program that doubles the value of snap for fruits and vegetables so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00013-00009320-00010280": "i'm gonna advance the slides and maureen go from there thank you elizabeth um have you shared your", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00014-00010280-00011384": "screen i don't see it i just see you oh dear okay uh i thought we were fully in screen share mode", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00015-00011760-00011888": "sorry we tested this", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00016-00012520-00012816": "okay mark you got any advice here", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00017-00012968-00013560": "uh if you just go go hit the uh green button on the bottom and then select the powerpoint window", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00018-00013784-00014816": "sorry we've done this yeah there we go and then go to uh play from the start yeah", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00019-00015000-00015632": "there we go all right perfect thank you thank you for letting me know all right here we go", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00020-00015632-00016240": "thanks everyone it feels like we should have zoom in another platform forward and backward now", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00021-00016392-00017216": "and yet things still happen and it's okay so i just wanted to introduce kind of the the one of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00022-00017216-00018032": "the problems and challenges that virginia fresh match really works to try and address um there's", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00023-00018032-00018896": "with covid food insecurity which means you know which means reliable consistent access people have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00024-00018896-00019576": "reliable consistent access and they know where the next meal is coming from um is a challenge in", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00025-00019576-00020272": "virginia especially for families with kids it is increasing nationally it's increasing in virginia", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00026-00020432-00021216": "so both in terms of the number of people and also the percentage and so one method that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00027-00021216-00021760": "exists within the federal government and in virginia to try to address food insecurity is", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00028-00021824-00022384": "snap the supplemental nutrition assistance program a lot of times people talk about that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00029-00022384-00023280": "as food stamps so snap is one way to try and make individuals and families have less food insecurity", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00030-00023488-00024320": "and that snap enrollment is also increasing and one of the things that with", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00031-00024320-00025000": "people who are on really tight food budgets one of the challenges is being able to afford fruits", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00032-00025000-00025872": "and vegetables it's often out of reach for limited resource families and so that is not only for snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00033-00026000-00026527": "individuals and families participating in snap but also anyone else who's limited resource", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00034-00026727-00027464": "and another challenge um uh right now is that a lot of small businesses family", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00035-00027464-00028032": "farmers neighborhood retail outlets you know are also struggling to make ends meet um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00036-00028032-00028912": "which also impacts food access um next slide and so if you haven't checked out the virginia roadmap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00037-00028912-00029424": "of hunger i encourage you to you it's something that was uh released this fall", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00038-00029576-00030327": "virginia department of agriculture and feed va and a lot of other partners the whole coalition", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00039-00030327-00030816": "who spent a long time really trying to say okay in virginia food access is a challenge", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00040-00030872-00031600": "their families individuals that are experiencing hunger on a regular basis what can we do and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00041-00031600-00032383": "so there are a lot of strategies within this you can find it all on feedva.org that website", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00042-00032512-00032888": "and one of the ones that we'll talk about today are nutrition", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00043-00032888-00033496": "incentives like virginia fresh match so what a nutrition incentive does it helps incentivize", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00044-00033648-00034480": "people to purchase healthy foods and also by making them more affordable next slide", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00045-00035024-00035688": "so virginia fresh match does it is an incentive program specifically for snap and so we're trying", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00046-00035688-00036328": "to increase consumer purchasing power so that individuals and families with tight food budgets", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00047-00036328-00037008": "are able to bring home more fruits and vegetables we do this through a lot of different ways", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00048-00037224-00037848": "well i guess help up and say that you know because of where virginia fresh match started at farmers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00049-00037848-00038528": "markets um we are we also try as much as we possibly can to prioritize that being locally", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00050-00038528-00039160": "regionally virginia grown fruits and vegetables um and that really depends on what part of the state", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00051-00039160-00039656": "you're in in terms of of how people define that but the focus is on", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00052-00039944-00040416": "also supporting local food systems small businesses family farmers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00053-00040640-00041144": "and not just any fruits and vegetables but we support all fruits and vegetables so it's kind", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00054-00041144-00041936": "of that weird space um so when we talk about food access there it's one of those things that that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00055-00042048-00042824": "is a pretty common term but we we don't all use it the same way but food access um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00056-00042920-00043368": "generally speaking and then specifically to virginia fresh match what we're trying to do is", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00057-00043368-00044008": "we're trying to address three components of food access which includes proximity affordability and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00058-00044008-00044624": "education and so just because they're just because someone lives in a neighborhood where there's a", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00059-00044624-00045296": "store doesn't mean that they can afford it or that they know what to do with fruits and vegetables", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00060-00045296-00046120": "the tools to do that on the flip side there are other people who don't even have any easy to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00061-00046336-00047080": "get to stores or farm stands or farmers markets or mobile markets within their community so virginia", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00062-00047080-00047648": "fresh match tries to support the outlets and make the food affordable and then we work closely with", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00063-00047648-00048352": "snap-ed and other education providers to also make sure that people understand and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00064-00048352-00049200": "know what to do with food so it doesn't just rot in the fridge or on a counter next slide", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00065-00049200-00049968": "so for customers the way that it looks is that it's half off or it's a um like two for one", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00066-00049968-00050600": "program at the farmers market as you can see in the bottom center virginia fresh match is largely", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00067-00050600-00051192": "operated through a token system where someone who has snap ebt goes to the market manager runs", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00068-00051192-00051984": "their ebt which is um you know is is a debit card that gets pre-loaded every every month based on", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00069-00052064-00052672": "the allowable balance that's determined by the department of social services and people's income", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00070-00052672-00053336": "and so an amount gets debited from it and they receive tokens say for if they ran twenty dollars", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00071-00053336-00053791": "on the card they get twenty dollars in tokens and then they get an additional twenty dollars in", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00072-00053791-00054567": "virginia fresh match tokens and then they take the tokens and they go to every vendor and they use", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00073-00054567-00055160": "them like cash and then the markets reimburse the vendors for the tokens that have been collected at", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00074-00055160-00055872": "a grocery store or like john henry's general store or farm stand or mobile market just a half off", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00075-00055872-00056688": "discount so if the price is two dollars then they would just be charged one dollar for it next slide", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00076-00057079-00057648": "in terms of how virginia fresh match works uh we started in um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00077-00057744-00058336": "in farmer's markets and it's been very grass roots and we've organized ourselves", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00078-00058464-00058840": "into regions so you can see the eight regions there each region has", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00079-00058944-00059576": "a regional lead that works with all the outlets in that region and then elizabeth and i um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00080-00059696-00060424": "are on the state level trying to make sure that everything goes smoothly um so so we are the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00081-00060424-00061096": "the state that's the hub and then all the spokes are the regions and then each partner outlet has", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00082-00061096-00061688": "flexibility in terms of how to implement that program within the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00083-00061760-00062279": "parameters that are tied to our our funding in terms of restriction next slide", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00084-00062655-00063360": "and so what virginia fresh match um you know we are trying to take a systems approach to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00085-00063360-00064024": "food to food access to food insecurity uh and you know for that reason we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00086-00064024-00064744": "aren't it's not just any food but we really are prioritizing local food working with local farmers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00087-00064744-00065279": "and food businesses that are choosing to and selling to local communities so that we're", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00088-00065279-00065848": "able to not only impact food and security but we can also impact local economies", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00089-00065936-00066960": "to support you know local economies and local farmers and local food-based businesses next slide", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00090-00067896-00068520": "thanks maureen um yeah so the uh with with sort of that setup um you know our impacts", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00091-00068520-00069168": "have grown over the years as maureen said we're really a grassroots group um markets uh and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00092-00069168-00069800": "and a few of the retail outlets across the state who've joined together to work on this program um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00093-00069800-00070800": "in 2019 we worked uh with 532 farmers um who were selling uh fresh produce to snap shoppers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00094-00070800-00071320": "and you know we really can't overstate the importance of the farmers in this equation um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00095-00071408-00072080": "you know our customers really want to spend money with local businesses and and they particularly", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00096-00072080-00072616": "in uh like to to work with local farmers they learn where their food comes from um they build", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00097-00072616-00073144": "that connection and of course that money is staying in the local economy so not only are we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00098-00073248-00074000": "providing access to the snap um benefits at a farmers market let's say which wouldn't happen", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00099-00074000-00074504": "unless you know an action is taken to do that otherwise people can't spend their their benefit", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00100-00074504-00075200": "dollars there but then we're bringing in that doubling the match um incentives which you know is", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00101-00075200-00075872": "more money in the pockets of farmers so uh farmers are are important to this program absolutely um we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00102-00075872-00076536": "work with 75 partner partner outlets 71 farmers markets and four neighborhood grocery stores um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00103-00076536-00077048": "and as maureen said we've kind of grown up in the farmers market business but but we recognize that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00104-00077048-00077664": "in many communities um you know it's a farm stand it's a it's a small grocery store it's a mobile", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00105-00077664-00078520": "market um where where food can be most accessible to people in that community so we worked with", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00106-00078520-00079224": "uh 6 800 shoppers spent their snap funds um at our partner outlets um over 20 000 times", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00107-00079224-00079888": "and we generated about 332 000 in snap and snap match at those part partner outlets", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00108-00079944-00080536": "those numbers are going to continue to grow and we are excited about um you know having", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00109-00080536-00081080": "built a structure that enables our partners to to run these programs at the local level", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00110-00081352-00081928": "so really how does it work um from the perspective of somebody who who's interested", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00111-00081928-00082624": "in in participating um you would identify yourself as a retail outlet a farmer's market etc", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00112-00082680-00083232": "and you would decide that you wanted to accept snap and that is a process in and of itself you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00113-00083232-00083808": "have to apply to the usda food and nutrition service to become an authorized snap retailer", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00114-00083888-00084496": "once once you've taken that step then we we welcome um folks who are interested in talking", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00115-00084496-00084952": "with virginia freshmatch to learn how they can offer an additional incentive on top of snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00116-00084952-00085592": "um and again you can look at it as an incentive on top or as a discount model depending on on how", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00117-00085592-00086248": "it is structured um sometimes additional funding is needed to help uh help these programs get off", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00118-00086248-00086808": "the ground and so that again is is something that the the operator would would work on within their", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00119-00086808-00087528": "own community and then the next step is really you know starting to offer the program and integrating", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00120-00087528-00088232": "you know snap and virginia fresh match into the way your outlet works and really this is very", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00121-00088232-00088712": "important working with the community on outreach strategies to make sure that people know they can", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00122-00088712-00089352": "use their benefits at your site um it's it's a it's really true you can build it um and and they", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00123-00089352-00089952": "will come but they have to know that that you're there and that is an ongoing challenge the snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00124-00089952-00090584": "population is fluid and flexible it changes all the time so really working within your community", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00125-00090648-00091208": "organizations that are connected to those clients is is really essential for these programs", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00126-00091208-00091960": "to be to be successful um you'll be actively running your program again in that discount um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00127-00091960-00092640": "model reimbursing uh vendors or being as a vendor potentially being reimbursed yourself um and then", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00128-00092696-00093272": "important is is collecting data we do we're very data centric um we have a lot of reporting we have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00129-00093272-00093880": "to do to our funders um but but we're always trying to to refine and improve the program", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00130-00093880-00094616": "and that is something um that the network is is especially focused on um you know this is hard", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00131-00094616-00095280": "work to do by yourself so we the the network has has created you know kind of a a group of folks", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00132-00095280-00096056": "doing it who can bounce ideas off each other um we provide a number of resources uh to our partners", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00133-00096056-00096576": "um but mostly it's about peer-to-peer and and you know there's fascinating interesting great", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00134-00096576-00097128": "things going on in all parts of the state but it's pretty difficult for people to always know", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00135-00097128-00097560": "you know what's working somewhere and what what what else is going on so having a network a place", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00136-00097560-00098120": "where people can come together has been um really important and especially important during covid", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00137-00098120-00098688": "for us to be able to to keep these programs going it would have been um you know", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00138-00098824-00099304": "it could have been that that we couldn't continue to run these programs with all of the barriers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00139-00099304-00099792": "and restrictions in place but we have very dedicated group of folks who have worked around", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00140-00099792-00100440": "a lot of those barriers to to continue to provide access within their community and we are", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00141-00100440-00101120": "grateful to be able to to support that work because we do it ourselves too that we're both", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00142-00101120-00101632": "actively involved with um with running programs so we we kind of get to see it from both sides", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00143-00101856-00102384": "um i mentioned some of the ways that uh that markets and partners have had to pivot", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00144-00102384-00102911": "around covid 19 um you know at the beginning of the season it was just not clear that things", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00145-00102911-00103511": "were going to open at all um as you know as as we were able to progress a little bit we again", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00146-00103511-00103959": "were working with our partners to make sure that they had all the tools they needed to continue to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00147-00103959-00104672": "make food access a priority uh so we lifted the cap on the incentives each outlet can can really", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00148-00104672-00105200": "determine their own sort of their own cap how much they're willing to match but um you know instead", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00149-00105200-00105896": "of of there being a cap to say you can only um offer up to let's say up to a 50 dollar match", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00150-00105896-00106328": "uh we we removed that at the state level so folks had even more flexibility and we have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00151-00106328-00106928": "seen tremendous impact from that lots of customers spending the maximum amount on their snap to get", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00152-00106928-00107416": "that maximum amount of incentive so they can bring home more fruits and vegetables for their family", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00153-00107504-00108248": "we also worked quickly again to accept uh pandemic ebt and let as many folks as we could know that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00154-00108248-00108959": "that was welcome at our outlets pandemic ebt um it was a one of the many efforts to uh give families", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00155-00109048-00109752": "more spending power throughout this crisis um families with children in school received um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00156-00109824-00110320": "a pandemic ebt card to replace meals that they would have otherwise gotten at school", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00157-00110424-00111072": "and and there was a lot of work done as well to just be able to to meet the the needs of of these", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00158-00111072-00111735": "um much higher snap enrollments a lot of us had to hire new staff uh and and really just set set", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00159-00111735-00112376": "up things differently to be able to accommodate um this growing need we also applied for and obtained", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00160-00112376-00112928": "some national funding which we were able to share with our partners um there was a lot of expenses", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00161-00112928-00113768": "that went into into covid management um just just think of a lot of police tape and hand sanitizer", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00162-00113768-00114256": "so we were able to to give give back something to our partners so they could cover some of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00163-00114256-00114983": "those costs um and and also really importantly we worked so closely with our our partners to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00164-00114983-00115616": "strategize and and develop new strategies to help them meet these changing needs uh we had initially", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00165-00115616-00116272": "we had weekly calls and then um bimonthly and now monthly calls to really focus on the challenges", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00166-00116272-00116792": "that that folks were having and share those great resources and information amongst our partners", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00167-00116976-00117600": "um and the impact has been has been very large um you know we talked about that the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00168-00117600-00118080": "growth in in food insecurity and and the higher need um we're really seeing how", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00169-00118080-00118808": "these programs are are jumping in and making a big difference um in a couple of of retail grocery um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00170-00118952-00119711": "outlets uh the roanoke co-op uh increased their average discount by 96 percent um from february", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00171-00119711-00120456": "to august and the friendly city co-op increased theirs from 150 percent um and and customers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00172-00120456-00121048": "were spending significantly more money uh at the friendly city co-op they were spending 15 percent", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00173-00121104-00121648": "more than they uh than they normally did um for just for the higher level discount and at", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00174-00121648-00122168": "farmers markets i mean we've seen just explosive growth with those markets that have been able to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00175-00122168-00122872": "to continue offering the food access programs um leap mobile market i saw a 281 percent increase um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00176-00122935-00123592": "abingdon farmers market an 88 increase and you know in central virginia we've seen almost a 70", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00177-00123592-00124224": "increase in usage uh and and also a much higher dollar values um that that folks are spending", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00178-00124224-00124888": "because the need is is really there and once families figure this out it's sort of that that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00179-00124888-00125488": "aha moment where oh okay i get this somebody's gonna give me uh the opportunity to to get um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00180-00125488-00126111": "additional healthy fruits and vegetables and so a lot we we have you know we obviously serve many", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00181-00126111-00126672": "new customers but we also have very dedicated long time customers that that come back again and again", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00182-00126672-00127232": "and again this season in particular it's been a lot of um of new first-time snap users who've", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00183-00127232-00127968": "never been on a benefits program before and that's been very challenging um and we we hear from these", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00184-00127968-00128511": "folks we we gather a little a lot of data as i mentioned on particularly stories and customer", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00185-00128511-00130383": "testimonials i'll just give you a second to to read through these rather than read them to you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00186-00131072-00131616": "and you'll see these testimonials end with a a farmer quote um one of one of the farmers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00187-00131616-00132112": "i've worked with alfredo from little green farm you know he's he's a real proponent of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00188-00132112-00132624": "the program because particularly this year those that the token income that they got", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00189-00132624-00133336": "um was significant and very important in a year of of decreased sales so um we know that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00190-00133336-00134080": "our farmers are are our active partners in this and um again and a very important component to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00191-00134080-00134624": "to the whole program in terms of providing that access to affordable food", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00192-00134624-00135336": "so where are we now we are looking at a number of of growth opportunities and and new directions", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00193-00135472-00136008": "we're planning to increase to continue to work to increase the capacity of our network and outlets", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00194-00136008-00136784": "you know farmers markets are very often small and about a third of them in virginia are run by", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00195-00136784-00137504": "volunteers so bringing in a new a new sort of line of business like this can be very challenging so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00196-00137504-00138064": "a lot of the work that that we all do collectively is about helping those um our partners have the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00197-00138064-00138792": "capacity to do uh to do the incentive work we're always working to expand our outreach to end users", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00198-00138792-00139064": "building that program awareness and usage is just critical", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00199-00139128-00139568": "to making sure that folks have access to these healthy fruits and vegetables at an affordable", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00200-00139568-00140288": "price so that's always a big focus kind of going forward we're really working hard just to secure", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00201-00140288-00140976": "some sustainable funding for these programs um and and also for additional um other healthy food", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00202-00140976-00141440": "incentives once you have the infrastructure in place to offer incentives you can do a great deal", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00203-00141528-00142008": "lots of different types of incentives are out there wic incentives senior incentives", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00204-00142096-00142624": "medicaid veterans you know you can think of a lot of populations in your own community that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00205-00142624-00143136": "that could benefit from some additional encouragement to purchase healthy food so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00206-00143200-00143640": "but in terms of the sustainable funding we have uh we currently have a federal grant that is", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00207-00143640-00144216": "providing 100 percent of our snap incentives um we have that that funding secured through", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00208-00144320-00145168": "may of 2022 and um we're working with lots of partners within the state to make sure that that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00209-00145224-00145744": "continues beyond the end of the federal grant and one of the the other key things we really", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00210-00145744-00146368": "are focused on is it making sure that this is not ever thought of as a standalone program these", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00211-00146368-00147072": "these programs any food insecurity program really works so it's so important that it be thought of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00212-00147072-00147600": "in terms of of how it works within the local community um you know these are these are all", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00213-00147600-00148160": "sort of things that ladder on top of each other so uh making sure that that we're fully integrated", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00214-00148160-00149032": "into into local regional and state programs um is is is very important and and makes these programs", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00215-00149032-00149552": "stronger because they're working in partnership rather than trying to be a stand-alone solution", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00216-00149976-00150408": "so we're gonna ask john henry to to give us some information about", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00217-00150408-00150768": "his store and his experience working with virginia fresh match and then we're gonna", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00218-00150768-00151816": "open this up for your questions and thoughts and discussion john hi so i'm john henry uh i'm the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00219-00151816-00152440": "proprietor of john henry general store and just for background about the store um we're located", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00220-00152440-00153112": "in new market which is in shenandoah county on the south end right above the north end of rockingham", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00221-00153112-00153920": "county um and we're kind of at the intersection of some major highways of 81 route 11 and uh", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00222-00154008-00154744": "211 um so that new market used to be called crossroads as a town and it really is um because", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00223-00154744-00155416": "we're kind of in between three different counties um with varying populations and socio-demographics", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00224-00155560-00156128": "but we actually started accepting ebt i think it was back in january of 2020", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00225-00156184-00156712": "um and as part of that we kind of just built out a full relationship on ebt", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00226-00156912-00157432": "to start doing uh the virginia family nutrition program and then from there we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00227-00157432-00157872": "uh worked with uh louis to start doing the fresh match as the fourth", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00228-00157936-00158688": "uh grocery retailer most of all of our food is local coming from the shenandoah valley", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00229-00158856-00159568": "we have our own farm as a family and we actually do wholesale up into northern virginia", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00230-00159648-00160176": "and we lost a couple restaurant clients this year um up in northern virginia so it", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00231-00160176-00160632": "was actually pretty nice to be able to shift some of our operations more into the store", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00232-00160744-00161432": "and i think something that kind of is different for our store compared to talking to market", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00233-00161432-00162144": "managers and other grocers is that we actually move a lot of bulk items through fresh match", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00234-00162144-00162776": "um so we still have a pretty strong canning and food preservation culture here in the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00235-00162776-00163304": "new market region shenandoah county and we found that a lot of our ebt users", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00236-00163376-00164024": "and fresh match users geared towards buying like tomatoes potatoes and apples like by the bushel", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00237-00164024-00164728": "which are our top three items for fresh match in terms of volume and sales but across the board", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00238-00164800-00165432": "we kind of carry everything from salsa feed to cauliflower to tomatoes so it's kind of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00239-00165432-00166184": "been a growing program for us to navigate we're also another unique or i think it was", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00240-00166240-00166840": "we're called like a unicorn by the extension office because we also do an in-store csa", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00241-00166912-00167752": "um at the store and so folks can use their ebt fresh match to buy our csa we're one of the few", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00242-00167944-00168752": "csas that take ebt uh i think one of the only csas that does direct retail that does fresh", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00243-00168752-00169376": "match so our weekly subscription is 20 dollars um there in the center photo is kind of what", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00244-00169376-00169968": "the average box is for 20 bucks and so we have a lot of folks particularly in the summer who come", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00245-00169968-00170648": "on their fresh match and they would get it for 10 and it kind of moves quite a bit of produce for us", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00246-00170816-00171424": "but yeah and then on the left um is our green beans uh we really sold a lot this year on half", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00247-00171424-00172448": "bushel volume a lot of people canning and freezing um and on the right is another promo box um one", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00248-00172448-00173224": "thing that i didn't know about when we were first accepting fresh match um and ebt fully was about", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00249-00173224-00173976": "the ability to do plants sales on ebt and then talking with sam who is our account manager", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00250-00174064-00174640": "we could also do that as a fresh match option um and that was pretty popular um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00251-00174728-00175352": "and not super popular i mean it was like we did it but not i think as much as i would hope before", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00252-00175352-00175840": "so i think this coming 2021 cycle is something that we're going to be pushing pretty heavily", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00253-00175936-00176472": "in terms of plant sales for vegetables because that was quite popular for folks", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00254-00176576-00177128": "to be able to do that because we still have quite a big garden culture as a rural community", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00255-00177256-00177992": "and we're really pushing kind of gardening and then food preservation we actually never really", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00256-00177992-00178648": "ran out of canning jars until kind of the end of september and once we ran out of canning jars we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00257-00178648-00179456": "really noticed a decline in our fresh match usage with our clientele and it really shifted away from", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00258-00179456-00180784": "bulk then and back to kind of smaller unit sales but yeah that's kind of the overall everything", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00259-00181280-00181856": "sorry i keep muting myself um thanks john that that was great and i'm sure there'll be some", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00260-00181856-00182344": "questions for you in just a few minutes um and before we get into the discussion just wanted", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00261-00182344-00182840": "to to kind of lay out a little bit of a of an action plan for those of you who are interested", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00262-00182896-00183464": "um you know obviously you may be interested in having a more direct conversation about snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00263-00183464-00183952": "and virginia fresh match but there's also just a lot of other work we can all be doing within our", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00264-00183952-00184784": "communities to build awareness um about the need for you know access to affordable local food if", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00265-00184784-00185488": "you may have a hunger action coalition or a food council within your community and i would strongly", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00266-00185488-00186016": "recommend that you connect with them um they can be a great source of um of information and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00267-00186016-00186880": "also you know sort of collective impact within a specific area um part as we said before partnering", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00268-00186880-00187392": "with other organizations in your community is is really important in those neighborhood retailers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00269-00187392-00187928": "farmers markets your snap ed team department of social services department of health your", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00270-00187928-00188656": "health system non-profit organizations the the great churches and um within most communities", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00271-00188656-00189184": "who are doing so much of the feeding work and then of course your local governments also", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00272-00189248-00190016": "many people have a stake in in healthy food and um it's a challenge to figure out everybody but just", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00273-00190016-00190624": "look around and think about who cares about these things within your within your immediate area", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00274-00190800-00191216": "there's also a lot of statewide groups and efforts that you can that you can connect with", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00275-00191272-00191776": "there's a brand new virginia food access investment fund that grant program will", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00276-00191776-00192368": "be released by virginia department of agriculture in the middle of december um there's the virginia", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00277-00192368-00193040": "food system council which takes a a very broad food system view um the virginia food access", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00278-00193040-00193768": "coalition um is is a group of of folks who are specifically interested in in moving forward", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00279-00193840-00194640": "um funding and support for innovative uh retail approaches that that support food access", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00280-00194752-00195208": "and then of course we've been talking about the virginia fresh match nutrition incentive network", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00281-00195320-00195848": "and also the virginia farmers market association has been a really critical resource in helping", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00282-00195848-00196504": "farmers markets um remain open this year so again just a a smattering of of the the types", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00283-00196504-00197032": "of organizations and the folks who are involved in in this sort of work and we encourage you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00284-00197032-00197952": "to reach out to any and all so uh we've we've reached the end of the formal presentation", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00285-00197952-00198456": "and and now we would love to just get into a discussion um we've i've we've", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00286-00198456-00199040": "suggested some discussion topics but uh but michael do you want to pick up and sort of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00287-00199312-00199440": "facilitate this part", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00288-00199776-00200120": "sure i guess the question obtained possibly some questions", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00289-00200304-00200848": "i know i had a question uh about the sale of fresh plants is there", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00290-00200848-00201392": "any limitation or prohibition for that um is the seeds is it a kind of plant", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00291-00201616-00202336": "yeah this is it's the this is maureen um so snap ebt per the federal", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00292-00202336-00203208": "requirements can only be used for food um and so it would have to be food producing plants and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00293-00203264-00203976": "and that's the that's the ebt requirement and then for virginia fresh match we offer it for any", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00294-00204056-00204784": "plants that produce free vegetables so tomato plants it can be basil", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00295-00204784-00205528": "plants there's a little discrepancy that we're trying to work through around herbs and whether", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00296-00205528-00206128": "or not herbs are considered fruits and vegetables or not but generally speaking it would be", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00297-00206128-00206848": "anything that is edible or produces edible plants and it doesn't matter how it's packaged whether", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00298-00206848-00207584": "it's you know a seedling or a potted plant as long as it's able to produce an edible item", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00299-00207816-00208136": "and for virginia fresh match it would have to be a fruit or vegetable", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00300-00208432-00208784": "thank you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00301-00209016-00209432": "and please feel free to raise your hand or you know just kind of chime in if you have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00302-00209432-00209856": "any questions i had a lot of email questions and people wanted to ask me a lot of interest", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00303-00209856-00210392": "about it uh phone calls this morning yesterday so by all means ask any questions you may have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00304-00211271-00211736": "i have a question how would you become a member of the virginia for um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00305-00211792-00212367": "fresh match program is there an application process or what do you do to become involved", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00306-00212584-00213000": "you just reach out to us we've got our contact information at the at the end of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00307-00213000-00213616": "the slide deck here um you know again the first step is is becoming a snap retailer", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00308-00213616-00214216": "and um we actually you know virginia cooperative extension can work with you to to help with that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00309-00214216-00214832": "process that's sort of the upfront part and then once you are an authorized retailer we're", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00310-00214832-00215319": "happy to talk with you about how to extend those benefits through virginia fresh match", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00311-00215576-00216023": "when you say authorized retailer what's the process that you just need to have a square or", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00312-00216119-00217000": "paypal or cash register set up or no it is it's a pretty defined process you can go to the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00313-00217160-00217904": "food and nutrition service website part of the usda and there is a an application process that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00314-00217904-00218632": "retailers go through to become snap authorized so it is you can't you can't just do it on a square", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00315-00218632-00219712": "um you you really it has to be through fns yep okay so usda.gov fns you can google that and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00316-00219928-00220536": "follow the uh links for the application absolutely and again if you if you want to reach out to um to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00317-00220536-00221071": "folks at virginia cooperative extension your your local snap-ed agent can help you with that process", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00318-00221264-00221384": "yeah do you know who", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00319-00221600-00222336": "you know the local snap agents are uh of the top of your head yes um actually on on out on our", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00320-00222336-00222816": "uh on the virginia fresh match website there is um a list of all the snap-ed agents", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00321-00223008-00223112": "broken out by region", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00322-00223519-00224080": "yeah and i would also point out you and mention square and that's something that um our store has", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00323-00224080-00224608": "been working with the national grocers association on this technology that handles fresh match and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00324-00224608-00225584": "ebt and there is a pretty uh technological divide um about what contemporary pos systems accept snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00325-00225671-00226232": "you'll find that square toast a lot of those do not actually accept snap or ebt payments", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00326-00226344-00226896": "others like clover they do but it requires certain machines so you have to pay attention", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00327-00226952-00227464": "and if you're thinking about upgrading in 2021 definitely make sure your pos systems or anybody", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00328-00227464-00228223": "you're working with accepts ebt because a lot of times they don't know that they don't and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00329-00228223-00228848": "when we were negotiating with the renewal this year um one of the tech sales people", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00330-00228848-00229344": "they thought ebt snap was a form of amex credit card and they're like oh of course it accepts", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00331-00229592-00230000": "no it's not amex it's kind of the opposite right", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00332-00230440-00230904": "let me just interject real quick thank uh thanks john for bringing that up because folks should", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00333-00230904-00231400": "know that the virginia department of social services does provide free wireless equipment", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00334-00231592-00232271": "to direct marketing farmers and to farmers markets and we can provide a link to that information", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00335-00232271-00232864": "as well there's a contact person at dss who you reach out to and say i'm interested in a", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00336-00232864-00233152": "piece of equipment and they will they will try and get you hooked up", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00337-00233312-00234423": "awesome putting a couple of resources in the chat box so one of them", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00338-00234423-00234752": "is we have a whole resource page on the virginia fresh match", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00339-00234944-00235744": "website and and then there's a link to all the snap-ed agents and i also just posted it in there", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00340-00235744-00236184": "and so snap-ed agents are a great partner and they're throughout the state", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00341-00236240-00236952": "uh there are specific ones based on county or region and what they're really tasked to do is to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00342-00236952-00237832": "try and make good nutritious food more affordable accessible available for people who are on snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00343-00237832-00238600": "and so they are able to work with farmers markets or small retailers or farm stands or farmers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00344-00238664-00239144": "on providing information or resources whether that's super simple", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00345-00239144-00239744": "recipe cards or cooking demonstrations i mean a lot of it looks different right now in covid", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00346-00239808-00240344": "but if you don't know your snap-ed agent they are an incredible wealth of knowledge and information", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00347-00240440-00241128": "and can really help provide some some additional support and in addition to that they could also", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00348-00241128-00242384": "provide some guidance to actually apply for snap if you if you get stuck in the process", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00349-00243304-00243784": "any other questions", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00350-00244560-00245296": "one other thing that i'll say um i don't know if you know leap we have an online marketplace", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00351-00245392-00246040": "where we have a number of farmers that post there we started it in response to covid um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00352-00246176-00246880": "and and then we also you know aggregate and post some products and so we have figured", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00353-00246880-00247736": "out a way to um to allow snap shoppers and to to purchase through our online system", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00354-00247928-00248776": "snap is um the waivers to accept snap online have gone through but each retailer has to get approved", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00355-00248776-00249471": "separately and so for online markets it's probably a pretty low priority but what what we've done and", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00356-00249471-00250136": "what other um what other markets and i think the same process could work for farmers is that we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00357-00250136-00250736": "just have a relationship with which with each snap shopper and we give them a credit and then", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00358-00250736-00251288": "when they come to pick up then they run their snap card and and so that might be somewhat um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00359-00251367-00252071": "similar to if you wanted to do a csa model leap also has an aggregated csa and we do the same", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00360-00252071-00252760": "thing so we don't ask snap shoppers to pay all up front because it doesn't work financially for", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00361-00252760-00253264": "them because they have a set budget every single month and so it's kind of probably", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00362-00253264-00253752": "similar to how john henry did it they just pay a weekly installment so if it's usually twenty", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00363-00253752-00254432": "dollars and they would pay ten and so there are different ways to try and work with um shoppers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00364-00254664-00254840": "with snap shoppers", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00365-00254976-00255600": "within your own probably slightly different you know i guess there are ways to create workarounds", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00366-00255600-00256384": "that work for you and also the snapshopper but first you have to be able to accept snap ebt", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00367-00256752-00257784": "so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00368-00258271-00259008": "we've posted a couple more links in the um chat box uh the application to apply for snap via", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00369-00259008-00259664": "fns through the usda as well as uh mr roberson the virginia equipment screening program", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00370-00259752-00260240": "how to get more equipment if you needed it for going through the snap program as well", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00371-00260560-00260888": "any more questions comment this is just great information", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00372-00261608-00262168": "all right there's a question in the uh chat for john henry are there credit card processing fees", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00373-00262168-00262576": "that would not would need to get paid like a regular credit card in the farmer's market", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00374-00262872-00263608": "yes so um for us that was again another like part of our pos negotiations and typically the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00375-00263776-00264576": "fee for accepting ebt through most pos's is 8 to 10 cents that we found when we were upgrading", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00376-00264576-00265496": "our systems i'm not sure if you go with the state's equipment um if that is removed um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00377-00265496-00266184": "they do pick up that cost john okay yeah but yeah for us it's like eight cents a transaction", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00378-00267520-00268408": "thanks john yeah one other thing i just know just um that any snap purchases you are not allowed to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00379-00268464-00269200": "um you know there's no taxes on it so that's just um it's just something to be aware of and and that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00380-00269264-00269824": "that's something that they would go through you know like when you apply to be a snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00381-00269824-00270296": "retailer they lay all that information out they tell you what's eligible what isn't eligible", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00382-00270368-00271240": "that's why it's kind of a longer process so once you become a snap authorized retailer whether", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00383-00271240-00271816": "you're a farmer or general store or grocery store or farmer's market there are specific", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00384-00271816-00272440": "regulations that you have to follow um but there's also information about it it's just that's one of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00385-00272440-00273184": "the things that you have to remember is that you can't charge sales tax on snap purchases", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00386-00273416-00273872": "yeah are there limitations in terms of the products uh like maybe a value-added product", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00387-00273872-00274488": "versus fresh fresh vegetables versus the prepared good for for snap there isn't they", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00388-00274488-00275096": "um they have to be well there are snap eligible items items that aren't snap eligible for", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00389-00275096-00275752": "example are hot foods you could have value-added foods that are canned and that's snap eligible", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00390-00275880-00276440": "but like if it's um hot green beans that isn't snap eligible books it can't be ready to eat", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00391-00276440-00277208": "because it's for like at home consumption not um in in building type consumption um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00392-00277288-00277928": "but for virginia fresh match all the incentives are are limited to fruits and vegetables so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00393-00277992-00278520": "someone can use their snap card for example like a john henry store and they could buy", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00394-00278520-00279008": "dry nuts with their snap card but that purchase wouldn't be eligible for the", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00395-00279008-00279552": "half off but if they buy tomatoes then that purchase is eligible for the half off so um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00396-00279784-00280288": "but those are all things that at least in terms of virginia fresh match we would go over in detail", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00397-00280544-00281024": "but virginia fresh match is limited to the discount being applied to fruits and vegetables", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00398-00281232-00281712": "then would that include like a prepared salad versus kale chips", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00399-00281984-00282608": "prepared salad if it's cold and packaged or kale chips those are both eligible for snap but", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00400-00282608-00283152": "not virginia fresh match virginia fresh match has to be you can't have anything added to it", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00401-00283152-00283552": "you can't have cheese on it you can't have salt on it it's just fruits and vegetables", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00402-00283768-00283824": "we got you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00403-00284128-00284864": "another question yeah so so leslie um it really and elizabeth i'll let you speak to this more", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00404-00284864-00285496": "but at least for us um at one point we had two different pieces of equipment we used square", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00405-00285672-00286192": "and then we also had a machine but once we started using clover which is one of the approved", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00406-00286280-00286872": "state issued pieces of equipment we just added a debit and credit card", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00407-00287136-00287824": "account to our clover so then we use the same machine for all of our transactions snap debit", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00408-00287824-00288472": "credit but we pay you know we have a separate contract for the the debit and credit that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00409-00288528-00289344": "and those fees aren't covered by um the state and at the markets that i work with um we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00410-00289344-00290000": "actually still use uh we use the clover and then we use square so it's a sort of a two-part system", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00411-00290000-00290536": "um and and again the the credit portion of this is is is purely optional and it's something that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00412-00290536-00291056": "farmers markets started doing early in this program because we wanted to make sure that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00413-00291056-00291632": "there was no stigma attached to using tokens um so by offering it to to all customers as well as snap", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00414-00291632-00292224": "customers and having different types of tokens around the market um we we hope that that would", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00415-00292224-00293040": "uh remove any stigma um one square and those kinds of um of applications became more prominent that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00416-00293040-00293584": "that's a much much smaller piece of um of the business and at some point we'll probably phase", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00417-00293584-00294304": "it out uh because almost all the vendors can now run uh credit card transactions at their own", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00418-00294304-00295248": "booth yeah and um i lisa is asking a question um about csas and so at least for leap what we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00419-00295248-00295944": "do with our csa is that we charge it weekly um instead of asking for the full payment up front", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00420-00295944-00296792": "most people can't do that but in order to um take some of our risk into account what we actually", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00421-00296792-00297512": "ask for is a deposit so it's a one week deposit so and then every week they pay for the next week so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00422-00297512-00297936": "they're always one week out so if there's no show then they've already paid for that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00423-00297992-00298632": "um so that's kind of how we've we've balanced um the traditional idea of the csa of paying it up", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00424-00298632-00299320": "front but then um also acknowledging that that doesn't work if you have a limited set of funds", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00425-00299320-00300096": "every month uh and that's worked well for us uh so far um that people just pay one week out", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00426-00300208-00301184": "great thank you very much yeah yeah and i would note for us when we worked with the usda on", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00427-00301352-00301944": "for us at our store location for our csa was that they can't pay upfront because that's technically", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00428-00301944-00302464": "illegal because with ebt you have to be paying for the items in front of you at checkout", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00429-00302464-00303816": "um so for us it was required that um there is no pay up front um yeah thank you yeah so uh john", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00430-00303816-00304160": "and that might just be something for us to talk about offline because i thought that there was", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00431-00304160-00304736": "like if as long as you get it within nine days or something you there can be some upfront payment", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00432-00304736-00305488": "like it has to so it couldn't be like three months out but if it's paid um if the food is is received", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00433-00305488-00306112": "within a certain time period um but that's that's one of those snap regulations that can probably", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00434-00306112-00306600": "be interpreted a couple different ways but i will i will look at that on my end because i", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00435-00306600-00307192": "hadn't heard um because i thought we were we were within the requirements how we had structured that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00436-00307192-00308344": "um but it's uh it is federal language um and so it can be confusing and also change so you should", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00437-00308344-00308808": "ask your fns member before you go through that and i will look into it to make sure we are doing it", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00438-00308808-00309584": "correctly", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00439-00309840-00309984": "great questions anybody have any more", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00440-00309984-00310984": "questions", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00441-00311720-00312312": "john i don't know if you um you know since you did accept snap in january and then you started", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00442-00312312-00313032": "the virginia fresh match later on if you saw a bigger increase in snap shoppers coming to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00443-00313032-00313576": "pay with ebt once you have the incentive i know that in grocery stores and in farmer's markets", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00444-00313632-00314656": "um you know that that snap shoppers don't come um they come more when there's a a an additional", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00445-00314656-00315440": "incentive than when it's just snappy bt but i don't know what um uh what you found in in", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00446-00315512-00316296": "in more of a general store format yeah we definitely um push um snap fresh match pretty", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00447-00316296-00317048": "heavily the fresh match explanation and we find that those people come in for produce and i think", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00448-00317136-00317760": "if i remember our data correctly is that actually produce sales are pretty high up in our ebt", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00449-00317760-00318312": "sales like it's neck and neck 50 50 which is pretty different compared to a lot of other", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00450-00318312-00319120": "traditional grocery outlets where fresh produce is not up to 50 percent of a ticket but yeah", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00451-00319288-00320088": "a lot of folks um heard about our fresh match program and that kind of was a bigger educator", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00452-00320088-00320376": "an incentive for folks to also learn about us accepting ebt", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00453-00320520-00321088": "so it definitely has worked i think in our favor john can you talk a little bit", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00454-00321088-00321544": "about how the kind of partnerships that you formed in the community to let people know", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00455-00321544-00322480": "that you had these programs um yes so we um kind of got started and the traditional marketing kind", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00456-00322480-00323128": "of through fresh match was a lot more physical based media with rack cards and whatnot and so", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00457-00323128-00323752": "we did give out rack cards to social services here in shenandoah county over", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00458-00324080-00324800": "northern rockingham and that was fairly successful um but actually our most successful way of", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00459-00324800-00325320": "getting the word out about us accepting fresh match was a couple radio ads that we ran", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00460-00325432-00326000": "people really learned about us through that and on top of that as a store in general historically we", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00461-00326072-00326720": "donate and fund a couple of food pantries and the directors of like the three local food pantries", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00462-00326720-00327312": "we gave them posters and whatnot the physical media and they included those and some of their", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00463-00327312-00327976": "food pantry pickup days and that was a pretty big lead lead-in and there is a quite a popular", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00464-00327976-00328504": "food pantry here in the town of new market where folks kind of learned about the program from that", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00465-00328872-00329184": "thanks", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00466-00329440-00330376": "and megan has a question about grocery stores and marketing about ebt and i'll just speak to um you", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00467-00330376-00330992": "know that was something that we talked about really early on and having a lot of different", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00468-00330992-00331640": "places to use virginia fresh match within one community is it competitive or can we have it", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00469-00331640-00332632": "be collaborative and so um at least right now we have some marketing funds that we can use", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00470-00332792-00333544": "and provide to the region or specific outlets and so what what a lot of regions i've done instead", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00471-00333544-00334304": "of each store or each market or each farm stand having its own marketing materials we create one", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00472-00334304-00335080": "that has like five throughout the region and lists all the places so then people can look at where", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00473-00335080-00335688": "all the options are and then figure out what works best for them and um and that's worked really well", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00474-00335688-00336440": "because then you know people have more choice and more information and then it's the same message", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00475-00336440-00337256": "and the same marketing across um across the whole community and so and even if it's a grocery like", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00476-00337256-00337744": "the co-op in harrisonburg they do a lot of joint promotion with the farmers market in harrisonburg", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00477-00337816-00338824": "there are nice ways to for different places to support each other because they might have", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00478-00338824-00339296": "different things different times of year or when if one is open on some days then another one", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00479-00339296-00339904": "open on another day just having that collective message i think is really important as opposed to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00480-00340096-00340384": "doing it as an either-or option", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00481-00341856-00342008": "did anyone have any other questions", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00482-00342704-00343144": "well if there's no more questions i want to thank maureen elizabeth and john henry for this", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00483-00343144-00343592": "great information hopefully elizabeth we can get together and do it again in the spring", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00484-00343856-00344024": "we're going to bring a lot of interest for this", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00485-00344232-00344584": "and be good to revisit this as the markets open back up in 2021", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00486-00344928-00345496": "yeah and i guess what you want yeah one other thing you know if you are a farmer who sells", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00487-00345496-00345984": "at farmers markets and those farmers markets don't currently accept ebt or virginia fresh", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00488-00345984-00346840": "match you know you can ask about ask a market manager about it some sometimes a market manager", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00489-00346840-00347248": "may not know or it feels too cumbersome or they may not know about something but", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00490-00347320-00347848": "farmers at farmer's markets you know we have a number of farmers where this is you know 10 to", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00491-00347848-00348416": "20 percent of all their sales the farmers market is coming from ebt and tokens and so it isn't", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00492-00348472-00349128": "it it's it can be a very significant source of income for farmers at a farmers market", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00493-00349128-00350208": "especially if you're a produce farmer and if there aren't any other options for that and so um", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00494-00350208-00350928": "you know it's good to even at least voice that um with a farmer's market or with other community", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00495-00350928-00351584": "partners just to let them know that this is something and we'd be happy to work with them", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00496-00351784-00352400": "that's a great point maureen um everyone needs to just encourage everybody to be to uh to be", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00497-00352400-00352904": "involved with these food access programs they are they are definitely making a difference", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00498-00352904-00353304": "but we really appreciate everybody's time and attention today if you've", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00499-00353408-00353792": "got additional questions um please feel free to reach out to us", "bGD2GI3c5RA-00500-00353792-00354384": "and um michael we thank you and and again we're happy to come back and and chat some more"}}, {"audio_id": "bHyS-oLONCy", "text": {"bHyS-oLONCy-00000-00000000-00000554": "Derek Van Shaik is a youtuber whose channel has just exploded recently", "bHyS-oLONCy-00001-00000554-00001055": "because of his body language videos and in this video we're gonna talk about how", "bHyS-oLONCy-00002-00001055-00002466": "deadlines shake just exposed the YouTube community for its hypocrisy what is up", "bHyS-oLONCy-00003-00002466-00002796": "everybody this is Chris from the rewiring soul where we talk about the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00004-00002796-00003180": "problem but focus on the solution and if you're new to my channel I've talked", "bHyS-oLONCy-00005-00003180-00003501": "about all sorts of stuff but mainly what I try to do is see what we can pull from", "bHyS-oLONCy-00006-00003501-00003807": "different topics in the YouTube community or pop culture and see what", "bHyS-oLONCy-00007-00003807-00004044": "lessons we can learn from them to improve our mental and emotional", "bHyS-oLONCy-00008-00004044-00004421": "well-being so the end of that stuff make sure you subscribe and bring that", "bHyS-oLONCy-00009-00004421-00004964": "notification about so yeah YouTube has just been throwing Derek Van Shaik", "bHyS-oLONCy-00010-00004964-00005432": "videos at me he's a great youtuber I do want to start out with a disclaimer", "bHyS-oLONCy-00011-00005432-00005964": "Derek Van Shaik is a great youtuber I love what he does I am very much into body", "bHyS-oLONCy-00012-00005964-00006443": "language I read a book on body language from this FBI expert and body language", "bHyS-oLONCy-00013-00006443-00006927": "absolutely loved it I do think that if more people understood body language it", "bHyS-oLONCy-00014-00006927-00007286": "would help with their social anxiety so I absolutely love what Derek van Schaik", "bHyS-oLONCy-00015-00007286-00007590": "is doing alright so those of you unfamiliar with this channel this", "bHyS-oLONCy-00016-00007590-00007953": "channel has blown up recently last time I checked out like over 250,000", "bHyS-oLONCy-00017-00007953-00008331": "subscribers I think when I first came across this channel which wasn't that", "bHyS-oLONCy-00018-00008331-00008982": "long ago he was only I like maybe like 30 or 40,000 so it is just exploded he", "bHyS-oLONCy-00019-00008982-00009572": "started getting a lot of traction with his just these smaller videos but he's", "bHyS-oLONCy-00020-00009572-00009942": "made videos on Chris watts he also did a bunch of videos like I did", "bHyS-oLONCy-00021-00009942-00010359": "on the Shane Dawson series on Jake Paul most recently a video of his got", "bHyS-oLONCy-00022-00010359-00010829": "recommended to me and it was another one that he did about Jake Paul talking", "bHyS-oLONCy-00023-00010829-00011481": "about how Jake Paul is addicted to lie alright so in this video I'm gonna I'm", "bHyS-oLONCy-00024-00011481-00011807": "gonna reopen the wound a little bit and all of you people who have stuck around", "bHyS-oLONCy-00025-00011807-00012243": "with me this long oh my god press don't reopen the wound but it's something that", "bHyS-oLONCy-00026-00012243-00012711": "I want to talk about and here's the thing here is the thing like people are", "bHyS-oLONCy-00027-00012711-00013113": "gonna dislike this video and that's cool people are already just like", "bHyS-oLONCy-00028-00013113-00013522": "I've lost tons of subscribers like it's cool I'm gonna talk about the things", "bHyS-oLONCy-00029-00013522-00014062": "that I want to talk about but I am just always fascinated with human behavior", "bHyS-oLONCy-00030-00014062-00014601": "the way we think the way we act and how so many of us so many of us do not see", "bHyS-oLONCy-00031-00014601-00015048": "the similarities between things and it blows my mind like something I've always", "bHyS-oLONCy-00032-00015048-00015447": "been trying to do with all of you is showing you the similarities you could", "bHyS-oLONCy-00033-00015447-00015822": "take from youtubers and what they're going through into your own life and try", "bHyS-oLONCy-00034-00015822-00016336": "to use those as lessons right and formally I was talking all mental health", "bHyS-oLONCy-00035-00016336-00016770": "all the time and I've kind of re branded a little bit where mental health is", "bHyS-oLONCy-00036-00016770-00017194": "still very much a part of my channel but I'm doing more commentary videos and", "bHyS-oLONCy-00037-00017194-00017668": "everything like that but here's some commentary my commentary is with the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00038-00017668-00018247": "explosion of derek van shaik youtube channel it really shows the hypocrisy of", "bHyS-oLONCy-00039-00018247-00018720": "what's going on not even just in the youtube community but just in the world", "bHyS-oLONCy-00040-00018720-00019228": "in general so those of you who don't know about body language right so body", "bHyS-oLONCy-00041-00019228-00019735": "language what is this body language is a technique used to see what this person", "bHyS-oLONCy-00042-00019735-00020007": "is really thinking really saying or really doing again", "bHyS-oLONCy-00043-00020007-00020463": "I loved derek van Schaik no shade towards him alright and I hope I'm saying his", "bHyS-oLONCy-00044-00020463-00020869": "names right but anyways like it is a technique used", "bHyS-oLONCy-00045-00020869-00021397": "to help determine if a person is lying or if they're scared or if there's no", "bHyS-oLONCy-00046-00021397-00021754": "that's or whatever and my like I said the book I read it was an FBI agent and", "bHyS-oLONCy-00047-00021754-00022170": "there's many stories in there about how we caught people or or knew which", "bHyS-oLONCy-00048-00022170-00022675": "questions to ask based on the the way the person's body language was but", "bHyS-oLONCy-00049-00022675-00023157": "here's the thing here's the thing everybody and dr. Todd Grande even did a", "bHyS-oLONCy-00050-00023157-00023631": "video about this but here's what you all need to understand body language reading", "bHyS-oLONCy-00051-00023631-00024141": "is a pseudoscience okay it is a pseudoscience for those of you who don't", "bHyS-oLONCy-00052-00024141-00024568": "know what a pseudoscience is it is not an exact science", "bHyS-oLONCy-00053-00024568-00025150": "okay that's why I refer to it as body language reading as a technique okay but", "bHyS-oLONCy-00054-00025150-00025752": "it is not an exact science which means is that it is not evidence based so the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00055-00025752-00026182": "issue that I'm having is and like by the way like again like", "bHyS-oLONCy-00056-00026182-00026569": "this isn't to like defend myself or anything like that like people are", "bHyS-oLONCy-00057-00026569-00026794": "gonna think what they're gonna think people are gonna believe what they're", "bHyS-oLONCy-00058-00026794-00027136": "gonna believe people are gonna dislike me but if they're gonna dislike me based", "bHyS-oLONCy-00059-00027136-00027487": "on videos and everything that that's me but the thing that's hoping I want to", "bHyS-oLONCy-00060-00027487-00027964": "pull up is like we hold mental health in this light like it's like this precious", "bHyS-oLONCy-00061-00027964-00028705": "delicate little rose and if you use that word like oh my god right but like like", "bHyS-oLONCy-00062-00028705-00029224": "I'm just blown away by the hypocrisy like don't man shake in his videos using", "bHyS-oLONCy-00063-00029224-00029893": "a pseudoscience is claiming that he can determine if a person is lying", "bHyS-oLONCy-00064-00029893-00030460": "based on videos of that person all right his videos are very entertaining and he", "bHyS-oLONCy-00065-00030460-00030817": "like kind of jokes a lot like again he's a great youtuber that's why his channel", "bHyS-oLONCy-00066-00030817-00031147": "has exploded like he has a great personalities very charismatic and", "bHyS-oLONCy-00067-00031147-00031729": "everything like that kind of draws you in but he is like calling people liars", "bHyS-oLONCy-00068-00031729-00032230": "based on a pseudoscience then on the other hand you have a channel like mine", "bHyS-oLONCy-00069-00032230-00032956": "where I have used clips I have used clips of people saying their diagnosis", "bHyS-oLONCy-00070-00032956-00033460": "and then I repeated what they said after showing their clip and then further", "bHyS-oLONCy-00071-00033460-00034096": "explained that diagnosis as based on science and research from people a hell", "bHyS-oLONCy-00072-00034096-00034624": "of a lot smarter than me and that is taboo so one thing that I talked about", "bHyS-oLONCy-00073-00034624-00035029": "with dr. Todd grande in a video I made with him not that long ago was he was", "bHyS-oLONCy-00074-00035029-00035515": "like I think the line gets crossed when you're assuming someone's thoughts and", "bHyS-oLONCy-00075-00035515-00036106": "their intentions right but why is it that we hold body language reading", "bHyS-oLONCy-00076-00036106-00036829": "channels like in this amazing life here on YouTube when that is a pseudoscience", "bHyS-oLONCy-00077-00036829-00037186": "well I'm like we can look at something like hell I'll throw it out there we can", "bHyS-oLONCy-00078-00037186-00037531": "look at something like borderline personality disorder based on the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00079-00037531-00038134": "symptoms based on years of research and studies we can say oh a person has this", "bHyS-oLONCy-00080-00038134-00038524": "diagnosis here are common characteristics of somebody with", "bHyS-oLONCy-00081-00038524-00038946": "borderline personality based on research and studies and", "bHyS-oLONCy-00082-00038946-00039489": "science you are not going to find the same amount of research when it comes to", "bHyS-oLONCy-00083-00039489-00040095": "body language so why is it okay to say based on body language we can say that", "bHyS-oLONCy-00084-00040095-00040677": "that person is lying calling that person a liar but over here we can't talk about", "bHyS-oLONCy-00085-00040677-00041103": "what somebody vocalized again we're holding mental health in this in this", "bHyS-oLONCy-00086-00041103-00041688": "very precious state and something that's one of my missions in life I've drawn", "bHyS-oLONCy-00087-00041688-00042063": "back a little bit on it here on this channel because it seems like the world", "bHyS-oLONCy-00088-00042063-00042414": "isn't ready for it yet but one of my missions is to change the way that we're", "bHyS-oLONCy-00089-00042414-00042837": "talking about mental health this stigma is not going to go away as long as", "bHyS-oLONCy-00090-00042837-00043323": "people say no no no no no you can't talk about this like but we're closely", "bHyS-oLONCy-00091-00043323-00043812": "accusing people like here's the thing and I made this video because a few", "bHyS-oLONCy-00092-00043812-00044420": "comments really bugged me from some old fans of the channel here's the thing", "bHyS-oLONCy-00093-00044420-00045051": "with all the videos ever made about me I still have never diagnosed it as anybody", "bHyS-oLONCy-00094-00045051-00045342": "and I know what you're thinking I know what you think you're saying well there", "bHyS-oLONCy-00095-00045342-00045621": "is that one and I'm not gonna mention the name I'm not gonna mention the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00096-00045621-00046164": "channel you're gonna say there is that one but again I've never said it unless", "bHyS-oLONCy-00097-00046164-00046624": "there was evidence of the person saying it themselves so the one you're thinking", "bHyS-oLONCy-00098-00046624-00047283": "about that was based on dozens of videos talking about that diagnosis so I want", "bHyS-oLONCy-00099-00047283-00047709": "you guys to sit back and just really ask yourself see if you can set aside your", "bHyS-oLONCy-00100-00047709-00048477": "anger your your bias your hatred everything and ask yourself why is it", "bHyS-oLONCy-00101-00048477-00049131": "okay to use the pseudoscience of body language reading but it isn't okay to", "bHyS-oLONCy-00102-00049131-00049578": "talk about a mental illness that somebody says they already have because", "bHyS-oLONCy-00103-00049578-00049989": "the argument is and just come up a little bit on the I never video that", "bHyS-oLONCy-00104-00049989-00050505": "I've done is that people don't like it well think about that for a second do", "bHyS-oLONCy-00105-00050505-00051000": "you think people like videos made about them accusing them of being a liar based", "bHyS-oLONCy-00106-00051000-00051627": "on a pseudoscience they probably don't right so something I was talking about", "bHyS-oLONCy-00107-00051627-00052125": "I'm Albert video is is that there's all these blurred lines for the commentary", "bHyS-oLONCy-00108-00052125-00052779": "community why our channels making commentary not allowed to use direct", "bHyS-oLONCy-00109-00052779-00053229": "quotes of somebody saying they have something or something dead going", "bHyS-oLONCy-00110-00053229-00053749": "through why is that not okay but it's okay to use a pseudoscience to claim", "bHyS-oLONCy-00111-00053749-00054288": "that somebody else is lying right like and and I'm not again I'm not gonna name", "bHyS-oLONCy-00112-00054288-00054588": "names but I've watched a lot of body language channels just because they", "bHyS-oLONCy-00113-00054588-00055245": "intrigue me but I've seen body language channels where there was a clear bias", "bHyS-oLONCy-00114-00055245-00055873": "there was a clear bias when that video started and if the person reading the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00115-00055873-00056469": "body language has a bias they're gonna be more prone to spot things that they", "bHyS-oLONCy-00116-00056469-00057027": "assume makes that person a liar and that is one of the issues with it is is", "bHyS-oLONCy-00117-00057027-00057543": "believing that this is some kind of lie detector test and the reality is to like", "bHyS-oLONCy-00118-00057543-00057894": "I don't know if you've ever seen like the series on Netflix what's it call the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00119-00057894-00058413": "confession tapes or something like that but what everybody needs to understand", "bHyS-oLONCy-00120-00058413-00059091": "is even lie detectors are not 100% lie detectors can be faulty and this is", "bHyS-oLONCy-00121-00059091-00059616": "because if a person believes something to be true a lie detector isn't gonna", "bHyS-oLONCy-00122-00059616-00059901": "pick that up so somebody for example believes they", "bHyS-oLONCy-00123-00059901-00060310": "committed a crime even though they didn't and they take a lie detector test", "bHyS-oLONCy-00124-00060310-00060550": "it's gonna show that they committed a crime", "bHyS-oLONCy-00125-00060550-00061113": "that's why lie detector tests are not scientifically proven to work alright", "bHyS-oLONCy-00126-00061113-00061600": "anyways those are my thoughts I wanted to talk about that because I was talking", "bHyS-oLONCy-00127-00061600-00061929": "about stuff on my channel I I want to hear from all of you what do you think", "bHyS-oLONCy-00128-00061929-00062367": "is the difference between dead van Schaik and other body language channels", "bHyS-oLONCy-00129-00062367-00062704": "accusing people of line based on pseudoscience and why you think we're", "bHyS-oLONCy-00130-00062704-00063114": "not allowed to talk about mental health subjects alright anyways that's all I", "bHyS-oLONCy-00131-00063114-00063426": "got for this video if you liked this video please give it a thumbs up if you", "bHyS-oLONCy-00132-00063426-00063862": "don't like it you know what to do and if you do to this channel you don't mind", "bHyS-oLONCy-00133-00063862-00064162": "sticking around make sure you subscribe and ring that notification bell because", "bHyS-oLONCy-00134-00064162-00064533": "I make a ton of videos and a huge huge thank you to everybody supporting the", "bHyS-oLONCy-00135-00064533-00064833": "channel over on patreon you all are really", "bHyS-oLONCy-00136-00064833-00065416": "really amazing I love you so much and I'll see you all back side"}}, {"audio_id": "bHGS0avbFXk", "text": {"bHGS0avbFXk-00000-00000596-00001100": "Irfan Amin, the closest friend of mine, was shot at by the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) personnel on 20th", "bHGS0avbFXk-00001-00001136-00001702": "November 2008 in targeted fire. We were standing in an alley near the cement bridge after returning from the tuition.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00002-00002198-00002720": "A shot was fired at his abdomen, he died instantly while being shifted to the nearby hospital.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00003-00003202-00003697": "Gradually, my sentiments took over me and I started indulging in pelting stones on the armed forces due to", "bHGS0avbFXk-00004-00003747-00004258": "to this incident. I was detained by the police in the ending months of 2008 and a Public Safety Act(PSA)", "bHGS0avbFXk-00005-00004298-00004498": "was slapped on me for the first time.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00006-00006070-00006270": "How many times were you charged under PSA?", "bHGS0avbFXk-00007-00006306-00006890": "I was booked under PSA some four times and there are more than 20 FIRs lodged against me in which I was", "bHGS0avbFXk-00008-00006914-00007062": "granted bail later on.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00009-00008134-00008722": "I have been tortured several times in police custody,  last time in 2014 when I was tortured in custody I bled profusely from", "bHGS0avbFXk-00010-00008772-00009458": "my nose and mouth. My finger got fractured and my elbow was also badly injured due to intense torture.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00011-00010116-00010832": "These are the stitch marks on my fingers now. My clothes were totally drenched in blood after the torture.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00012-00010920-00011110": "What type of torture was employed on you?", "bHGS0avbFXk-00013-00011146-00011622": "It's hard to sense as to what is used during the torture as the Special Operation Group (SOG) men usually took me", "bHGS0avbFXk-00014-00011682-00012242": "me away during night raids. I was literally dragged up to the road from where they bundled me into the police vehicle.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00015-00012546-00013008": "I was beaten inside the police van with gun butts up to the police station.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00016-00013672-00014258": "These are the bullet marks which I received during stone pelting in 2008. The armed forces fire the live bullets.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00017-00015447-00016032": "I received an another shot on my knee due to which I had to stay for complete bed rest for long. I was operated", "bHGS0avbFXk-00018-00016082-00016612": "upon in Srinagar for treating this injury.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00019-00017382-00017530": "Have you received a bullet on your arm also?", "bHGS0avbFXk-00020-00017570-00017962": "Yes, I received one bullet in my arm also.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00021-00018012-00018132": "And when did this happen?", "bHGS0avbFXk-00022-00018256-00018782": "This one I received in 2010. I was also targeted upon on 3rd June 2009 when a bullet was fired upon me.", "bHGS0avbFXk-00023-00018854-00019434": "This was planned to be a targeted killing when a live bullet was fired which hit my face,", "bHGS0avbFXk-00024-00019498-00019890": "by the grace of God I survived miraculously."}}, {"audio_id": "bHYxSlzDaOA", "text": {"bHYxSlzDaOA-00000-00000226-00000523": "Our mission is to make communal sustainable living mainstream", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00001-00000523-00000762": "As we believe many of the worlds ills can be solved", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00002-00000762-00000931": "Through communal sustainable living", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00003-00000931-00001122": "So were building a network", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00004-00001122-00001334": "Of 100% off the grid communities", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00005-00001334-00001626": "Starting here in Montreal, Quebec, Canada", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00006-00001626-00001805": "We're documenting the entire process", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00007-00001805-00002005": "To show others how to build their own communities", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00008-00002005-00002225": "And to show the world that communal, sustainable living", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00009-00002225-00002438": "Is awesome, feasible and necessary", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00010-00002438-00002760": "We're not a protest, we're a solution", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00011-00002760-00003135": "We are building a 100% off the grid community", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00012-00003135-00003300": "On 60 acres of land", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00013-00003300-00003526": "Just 20 minutes from Downtown Montreal", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00014-00003526-00003729": "Now what will we have in this community?", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00015-00003729-00004151": "Well it'll start with a giant two-story community center earthship", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00016-00004151-00004981": "Gardens, greenhouses, livestock, homes and so much more", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00017-00005022-00005480": "An earthship is a 100% off the grid structure invented by Michael Reynolds", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00018-00005480-00005878": "Earthships use modern engineering to work with the natural processes of the planet", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00019-00005878-00006385": "Resulting in free and automated generation of food, water and energy", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00020-00006385-00006693": "All your basic needs are met at zero cost to you", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00021-00006693-00007111": "They utilize the principle of thermal mass to stay around 68° Fahrenheit", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00022-00007111-00007700": "About 20° Celsius in even the most extreme climates without any electric heating or cooling", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00023-00007700-00008189": "They're also much cheaper than conventional homes and are made of mostly recycled materials", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00024-00008189-00008457": "Living at Valhalla will be like how we're meant to live", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00025-00008457-00008704": "Simply, beautifully and together", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00026-00008704-00009038": "Food, water and electricity are plentiful", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00027-00009038-00009199": "You're around like-minded people", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00028-00009199-00009392": "There's always something exciting going on", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00029-00009392-00009721": "There's always something new to learn or some new way to grow", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00030-00009721-00009895": "This isn't just some hippie ideal", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00031-00009895-00010041": "It's a feasible lifestyle", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00032-00010041-00010229": "And we're making it a reality", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00033-00010229-00010400": "The most exciting part about Valhalla", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00034-00010400-00010545": "Is the freedom it provides", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00035-00010545-00010676": "With all your basic needs met", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00036-00010676-00010915": "You wake up each morning owning the day", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00037-00010915-00011132": "You can follow your bliss without compromise", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00038-00011132-00011286": "And the people best fit to change the world", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00039-00011286-00011569": "Are those 100% absorbed in doing what they love to do", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00040-00011569-00011700": "With communities like Valhalla", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00041-00011700-00011867": "Anyone can do that", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00042-00011867-00012149": "Valhalla started in April 2012 with a handful of people", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00043-00012149-00012502": "Who were tired of waiting for others to be the change they wanted to see in the world", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00044-00012502-00012746": "So we bought 60 acres of land with no clear vision", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00045-00012746-00012956": "But we knew it needed to be done", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00046-00012956-00013202": "We planted some trees, gathered some people", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00047-00013202-00013497": "Moved into a house together, started a website", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00048-00013497-00013582": "And Valhalla was born", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00049-00013600-00013778": "The number one question is", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00050-00013778-00013904": "How are we funding this?", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00051-00013904-00014140": "We're going after funding from all angles", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00052-00014140-00014283": "We're attracting sponsors", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00053-00014283-00014601": "Trading the skills of Valhalla members for goods and services", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00054-00014601-00014784": "Seeking documentary funding", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00055-00014784-00014920": "Using crowdfunding campaigns", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00056-00014920-00015022": "And selling merchandise", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00057-00015022-00015400": "Made within the Valhalla community such as soap, candles and yoga mats", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00058-00015400-00015784": "We're also running local events that  promote the ideals of Valhalla", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00059-00015784-00016083": "In 10 years we will have created the world we wish to see today", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00060-00016083-00016378": "The Valhalla Movement will be a network of sustainable communities", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00061-00016378-00016706": "Learning from each other and helping budding communities flourish", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00062-00016706-00016925": "The goal is to be mainstream", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00063-00016925-00017223": "These communities will be a launchpad for social change", "bHYxSlzDaOA-00064-00017223-00017563": "And inspiration for the world to believe in sustainable living"}}, {"audio_id": "bIenmX-VHx0", "text": {"bIenmX-VHx0-00000-00000212-00000467": "Hello you", "bIenmX-VHx0-00001-00000467-00000608": "who are inside", "bIenmX-VHx0-00002-00000608-00000821": "when it is nice weather", "bIenmX-VHx0-00003-00000821-00001219": "Now there's a new Antivoss grill edition, with omega 3 and antioxidants", "bIenmX-VHx0-00004-00002457-00002910": "is good for grilling", "bIenmX-VHx0-00005-00002910-00003131": "Antivoss grill edition", "bIenmX-VHx0-00006-00003131-00003474": "You get a grill tongs", "bIenmX-VHx0-00007-00003474-00003822": "and Antivoss grill edition, grill clothes", "bIenmX-VHx0-00008-00003822-00003936": "detract", "bIenmX-VHx0-00009-00003936-00004145": "look at them", "bIenmX-VHx0-00010-00004145-00004422": "Antivoss grill edition", "bIenmX-VHx0-00011-00004422-00004885": "You can buy It in a store near you", "bIenmX-VHx0-00012-00004885-00005585": "recommended by jenny jensen (Norwegian singer)", "bIenmX-VHx0-00013-00005835-00006177": "great tips on grilling, it makes you ready for barbecue", "bIenmX-VHx0-00014-00006177-00006338": "Now I'll show you", "bIenmX-VHx0-00015-00006338-00006887": "three things about grilling. first", "bIenmX-VHx0-00016-00006887-00007258": "turn on the gas, afterwards", "bIenmX-VHx0-00017-00007258-00007448": "Turn on the grill", "bIenmX-VHx0-00018-00007448-00007593": "when you are finished with that", "bIenmX-VHx0-00019-00007593-00007845": "are you ready to take of", "bIenmX-VHx0-00020-00007845-00008317": "You also get an barbecue outfit grill edition, from us", "bIenmX-VHx0-00021-00008317-00008606": "can be used in all weather", "bIenmX-VHx0-00022-00008606-00008783": "and one", "bIenmX-VHx0-00023-00008783-00008978": "grill edition cap", "bIenmX-VHx0-00024-00008978-00009204": "white color", "bIenmX-VHx0-00025-00009204-00009286": "or black", "bIenmX-VHx0-00026-00009286-00009472": "and it's not", "bIenmX-VHx0-00027-00009472-00009690": "you also get the cap I am wearing", "bIenmX-VHx0-00028-00009690-00009938": "Gilde editon", "bIenmX-VHx0-00029-00009938-00010227": "Grill edition. Yes, now I like to", "bIenmX-VHx0-00030-00010227-00010927": "(drinking  the delicious water)", "bIenmX-VHx0-00031-00011026-00011279": "Antivoss, grill edition, for those who love to barbecue"}}, {"audio_id": "bIJ-29QSIHE", "text": {"bIJ-29QSIHE-00000-00000008-00000536": "Welcome to IT Project Management: A Combined Methodology.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00001-00000710-00001213": "In this learning activity, you'll explore how to combine waterfall and agile", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00002-00001213-00001603": "methodologies for your next software development project.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00003-00001847-00002183": "Waterfall has been around since the 1950s.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00004-00002183-00002712": "It's a sequential design process, which means work flows steadily downward.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00005-00002712-00003188": "The team completes all of the software development in one phase and then hands", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00006-00003188-00003340": "the project to the client.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00007-00003434-00003760": "Agile was introduced in the late 1980s.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00008-00003760-00004264": "Unlike waterfall, agile is an iterative development process that uses", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00009-00004264-00004519": "sprints for quick validation.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00010-00004519-00005141": "It also places an emphasis on early testing to ensure the product actually works.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00011-00005321-00005820": "Today, it's common to find software developers combining these two", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00012-00005820-00005984": "methodologies.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00013-00005984-00006323": "While there is no correct way to use these together,", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00014-00006323-00006825": "developers typically take the best bits of each one to create their own", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00015-00006825-00007070": "project management plan.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00016-00007180-00007548": "Before we examine how a team combines these methods,", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00017-00007548-00007954": "let's take a moment to review some weaknesses of the waterfall methodology", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00018-00007954-00008206": "that agile addresses.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00019-00008893-00009473": "We can also review agile weaknesses that the waterfall methodology addresses.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00020-00010183-00010647": "As you can see, each methodology has its pros and cons.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00021-00010688-00011179": "Let's look at how a project blends waterfall and agile and uses the best", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00022-00011179-00011377": "parts of each process.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00023-00011583-00012087": "Daisy's dog-walking business is growing so rapidly that Daisy has double-booked", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00024-00012087-00012485": "herself a few times, which causes a doggy disaster.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00025-00012542-00013025": "She needs a tool that organizes her business and allows her clients to", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00026-00013025-00013322": "schedule their dog walking times.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00027-00013322-00013822": "Daisy needs this project completed as quickly as possible, so she hires your", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00028-00013822-00014116": "company to design and build the software.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00029-00014116-00014384": "Your team meets with Daisy and a few of", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00030-00014384-00014684": "her clients to understand everyone's needs.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00031-00014891-00015347": "Once your team knows what they need to do, they use the traditional waterfall", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00032-00015347-00015837": "methodology to create a project plan for Daisy's dog-walking software.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00033-00015884-00016415": "It identifies target deliverable dates as well as itemized costs for Daisy to", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00034-00016415-00016609": "review and approve.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00035-00016749-00017312": "Once the project gets started, your team switches to agile and works in iterative", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00036-00017312-00017722": "cycles to provide Daisy with a working prototype within a week.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00037-00017769-00018219": "Daisy and her clients test the prototype and provide feedback.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00038-00018219-00018720": "Your team makes changes based on their comments to ensure the software is meeting", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00039-00018720-00019148": "everyone's needs and they publish the next version of Daisy's software.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00040-00019295-00019766": "Within a few weeks, Daisy has new software that keeps her business growing,", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00041-00019766-00020189": "her clients organized, and their dogs exercised.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00042-00020262-00020772": "As an added bonus, Daisy is so thrilled with her new software that she", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00043-00020772-00021266": "recommends your company to all of her friends and your work triples.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00044-00021468-00021929": "If your team only used the traditional waterfall methodology,", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00045-00021929-00022399": "Daisy and her clients would have to wait until the end for the finalized software.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00046-00022428-00022846": "This could cause her several weeks of continued scheduling mix ups.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00047-00022903-00023404": "If your team only used agile, Daisy wouldn't have the target delivery dates", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00048-00023404-00023704": "and itemized costs up front.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00049-00023773-00024389": "Blending both methodologies enables your team to meet Daisy's needs much quicker.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00050-00024513-00024999": "Combining the agile and waterfall methodologies is a successful approach", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00051-00024999-00025251": "to completing many software projects.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00052-00025251-00025461": "Using the strengths from both, by", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00053-00025461-00025970": "incorporating agile methodologies into a less rigid waterfall process,", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00054-00025970-00026450": "increases the flexibility and speed at which the projects are completed.", "bIJ-29QSIHE-00055-00026655-00027169": "You have finished, IT Project Management: A Combined Methodology."}}, {"audio_id": "bIPj9tVl9w8", "text": {"bIPj9tVl9w8-00000-00000128-00000238": "Hello my friends.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00001-00000238-00000516": "This is old Dr. Dog coming back at you again.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00002-00000516-00000751": "We're going to begin a new topic.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00003-00000751-00001094": "We have moved through correlational analysis, and we", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00004-00001094-00001307": "have moved through factor analysis.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00005-00001307-00001621": "And now we will begin to examine linear regression, and", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00006-00001621-00001867": "this little video is simply an introduction.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00007-00001867-00002232": "Now, I love this quote down here, this anonymous quote,", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00008-00002232-00002603": "that \"98% of all statistics are made up.\" I wonder if", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00009-00002603-00002740": "that's true or not.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00010-00002740-00002951": "Well let's get started.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00011-00002951-00003227": "As we examine simple linear regression, we need to", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00012-00003227-00003509": "remember that simple linear regression is about", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00013-00003509-00003764": "representing a set of cluster data points with", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00014-00003764-00003974": "the best-fit line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00015-00003974-00004318": "The line of best is the line which represents the data set", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00016-00004318-00004612": "with the smallest distance between the line and each of", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00017-00004612-00004738": "the data points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00018-00004738-00005024": "And for linear regression to work, the data set must have", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00019-00005024-00005294": "two variables that are reasonably correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00020-00005294-00005545": "Now, all of this seems a little", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00021-00005545-00005699": "confusing to start with.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00022-00005699-00005812": "Don't panic.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00023-00005812-00006097": "I'm going to carry you through and show you some visual", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00024-00006097-00006444": "representations of linear regression, and perhaps that", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00025-00006444-00006662": "will help it make a little bit more sense.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00026-00006662-00006923": "But what you need to get from this is that in linear", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00027-00006923-00007219": "regression, we have two variables, one of those is", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00028-00007219-00007498": "called the independent variable, the other is called", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00029-00007498-00007720": "the dependent variable.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00030-00007720-00008020": "We call it linear referring to line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00031-00008020-00008297": "A line function out of algebra, you have an x", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00032-00008297-00008485": "and you have a y.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00033-00008485-00008875": "These two variables are reasonably correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00034-00008875-00009219": "Now, I just don't know what reasonable might be.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00035-00009219-00009531": "That would depend upon the individual case, but they are", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00036-00009531-00009878": "reasonably correlated, this set of data points, with an x", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00037-00009878-00010338": "and y value, and all of these data will have a line which", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00038-00010338-00010445": "fits their trends.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00039-00010445-00010626": "So of the line fits could be good.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00040-00010626-00010779": "Some of them are not good.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00041-00010779-00011209": "But simple linear regression is about putting a line into a", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00042-00011209-00011504": "group of data set to find the line that best fits and", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00043-00011504-00011862": "predicts what their values will be.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00044-00011862-00012109": "Now, in order to help you to understand that, let's", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00045-00012109-00012415": "consider this data set just a minute.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00046-00012415-00012572": "Here, we have all of these points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00047-00012572-00012754": "This is the x-axis.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00048-00012754-00012982": "This is the y-axis.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00049-00012982-00013359": "Each of these little points has an x and a y value.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00050-00013359-00013738": "If you look at point and you come down to x, it's x value", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00051-00013738-00014016": "appears to be about 2.25.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00052-00014016-00014235": "Its y value appears to be 2.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00053-00014235-00014572": "If you look at this one and you come down, its x values is", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00054-00014572-00014888": "right there, and its y value is right here.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00055-00014888-00015297": "So each of these points has an x and y value.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00056-00015297-00015465": "Now, here's a line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00057-00015465-00015724": "That's what you do in linear regression.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00058-00015724-00016149": "You put in a line which best fits the data points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00059-00016149-00016552": "Now, look at the distances that are between the line and", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00060-00016552-00016643": "the data points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00061-00016643-00016994": "The goal of the best-fit line is to make a line which", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00062-00016994-00017335": "minimizes these distances.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00063-00017335-00017762": "This data set actually has a lot of scatter and the", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00064-00017762-00018047": "regression model that we would do for that line is", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00065-00018047-00018293": "accordingly very weak.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00066-00018293-00018755": "I would tell you that I imagine that these data points", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00067-00018755-00019110": "are not very well correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00068-00019110-00019481": "So if the correlation is weak, the regression model is weak.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00069-00019481-00019721": "Now, let's look at this data set just a minute.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00070-00019721-00019941": "Look at all of these data points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00071-00019941-00020315": "They seem to be fairly well correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00072-00020315-00020643": "So if we put a line through them and then we look at the", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00073-00020643-00020921": "distances of the individual data points from the line,", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00074-00020921-00021126": "some of the data points actually are", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00075-00021126-00021284": "almost on the line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00076-00021284-00021608": "Others of them are just short distances away.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00077-00021608-00022102": "So this data set has very little scatter, and this", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00078-00022102-00022573": "regression model is strong, so we have a good fit with this", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00079-00022573-00022739": "line and that data set.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00080-00022739-00023147": "It is important when you look at a data set and you build a", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00081-00023147-00023525": "linear regression model that the first thing you do is that", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00082-00023525-00023848": "you check to see if the data are correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00083-00023848-00024245": "If they are not correlated, then your linear regression", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00084-00024245-00024626": "model is extremely weak and may almost be meaningless.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00085-00024626-00024923": "Simple linear regression again, is about representing", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00086-00024923-00025319": "the set of cluster data points with the best-fit line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00087-00025319-00025450": "That's what we did here.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00088-00025450-00025700": "We represented it with the best-fit line.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00089-00025700-00026001": "Simple linear regression, the line of best fit, is the line", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00090-00026001-00026383": "which represents the data set with the smallest distances", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00091-00026383-00026672": "between the line and each of the data points.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00092-00026672-00026968": "Now, we could draw a lot lines, but this line and", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00093-00026968-00027285": "minimizes these distances.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00094-00027285-00027669": "And for linear regression to work, the data set must have", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00095-00027669-00028142": "two variables that are reasonably correlated.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00096-00028142-00028410": "Now, I want to thank you again for your support.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00097-00028410-00028514": "Don't give up on me.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00098-00028514-00028727": "This was just a brief introduction.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00099-00028727-00028983": "We have a series of other lectures in which we will", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00100-00028983-00029411": "develop the concept of linear regression more in depth.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00101-00029411-00029779": "As in the words of the old Vulcan peace and long life", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00102-00029779-00029981": "know, live long and prosper.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00103-00029981-00030082": "You got it.", "bIPj9tVl9w8-00104-00030082-00030207": "Have a good day."}}, {"audio_id": "bIYiH7anFAQ", "text": {"bIYiH7anFAQ-00000-00001805-00002005": "Sapa bamboo rice in sapa", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00001-00002005-00002205": "sapa yea", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00002-00002330-00002530": "look at that", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00003-00004784-00005096": "the black hmong of lao cai village", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00004-00005488-00006240": "lodges a community of the black camera it's a completely different world", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00005-00006240-00006864": "every day when i see you you alwaysyou've go to cafe hu the culture is very different", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00006-00007057-00007338": "and very passionictic", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00007-00007356-00007556": "emheu so many pigs here", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00008-00007656-00007840": "eum heuuu", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00009-00007879-00008232": "so many pigs at home they raising pigs", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00010-00009552-00010144": "finally i'm here i can show you this is placeactually i want to introduce something right", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00011-00010144-00010808": "here but so many people like talking thenwith the camera they're doing picture video", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00012-00010912-00011500": "you know but it's really awesome place really beautiful", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00013-00011500-00011616": "look", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00014-00011616-00012579": "you can do selfies so many people like like todo video then the mountain is really awesome", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00015-00012968-00013791": "after some hours on the road right now i canfeel like i am in Tangse now my countryside", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00016-00013976-00014704": "i miss my hometown anyways this is howsapa look like it's really awesome place", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00017-00014776-00015584": "if you guys came here really peaceful everything is look good", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00018-00015709-00015909": "hahaha", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00019-00018688-00019420": "also if you came to this village you can meet with locals", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00020-00019855-00020055": "look at that how they", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00021-00020128-00020683": "they make the music from those i don't knowwhat it is", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00022-00021139-00021753": "look at that guy how they play oh my god", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00023-00022670-00023024": "then going to homestay", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00024-00023024-00023550": "they show us the homestay where we should stay tonight", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00025-00023672-00024227": "they preparing dinner for us for foriner how staying here", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00026-00024383-00025096": "and the culture right here is realy differen in my country before i'm never seeing peaple drink", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00027-00027732-00028030": "very enjoy it", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00028-00028424-00029191": "when i woke up in the morning i feel like i don't know what kind of sound is it like #$#$k &^#k kruek", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00029-00029272-00029992": "you know then i look behind the homestay is so many bigs", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00030-00029992-00030400": "i'm really surprised you know in my country they never eat pigs", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00031-00030400-00031142": "this is disgusting you know what i'm saying you know what i'm saying all right guys let's go to chat chat village", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00032-00032448-00033077": "this is music we used to play them in lovemarket but try let's see this one's good noise", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00033-00033194-00033328": "hahaha", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00034-00033328-00033735": "what happened here", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00035-00034832-00035184": "wow this is nice isn't it", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00036-00035464-00035963": "and then this is a love market they play it tonightso yesterday and to night", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00037-00035971-00036262": "so after when they kidnappedsome lady when they love", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00038-00036262-00036592": "like right now you willcarry this the in the market you meet somebody you like", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00039-00036592-00037208": "you invite the girls with you you will playtogether and dance together for a couple times", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00040-00037208-00037696": "after that so if you feel you like her then youare going to kidnap her to be your wife", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00041-00037696-00038208": "here thewoman's have no choice to decide okay who i wantto get married so always the man's choose the", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00042-00038208-00038800": "woman so when he show you he would like to kidnapyou at home and then for two days after that", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00043-00038800-00039456": "the matchmaker will bring this horse whit somehappy juice inside go to the woman's parents for", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00044-00039456-00040096": "talk and to let them know they are kidnappers soparents will not worry for her and not find her", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00045-00040096-00040792": "spread the corn for a long time like 10-15years before we don't have much water we", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00046-00040792-00041368": "don't have many rice we used to grate thisone and we would eat this one eat the flowers", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00047-00041631-00041831": "see", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00048-00042104-00042440": "after one person is doing at one person's feet are like this you", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00049-00042440-00042840": "keep grabbing until you have water then you will use someone eating", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00050-00043016-00043768": "great experience can i pick one great explanation does it make me high", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00051-00043864-00044460": "uh-huh you have to dry them", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00052-00046360-00046830": "hey", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00053-00048088-00048872": "all right guys if you like my video please give me thumbs up then subscribe for more video", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00054-00048936-00050096": "coming soon here  here is cat-cat village everythingstill natural everything is look natural you know", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00055-00050208-00051503": "then i don't know what i'm i want to saybut i like this place it's really peaceful", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00056-00052688-00053136": "also they are can speak english very well so many people", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00057-00053136-00053791": "can speak english if you guys came here theygonna introduce for you where you gonna stay", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00058-00053896-00054784": "and what you have to do yeah where are you gonna visit that's it", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00059-00055191-00055806": "let me take you to the market oh that's coconut", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00060-00056921-00057176": "hmong line prodaction kni pack", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00061-00057384-00058050": "here Hmong production they made by hand everything they made by hand", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00062-00058296-00058468": "look at that", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00063-00058559-00058674": "see", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00064-00058976-00059386": "this is the industry haha", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00065-00062152-00062789": "i want to be free and i want to have my own business to help my family too", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00066-00062912-00063618": "it's not very easy but if we all work together i'm sure that we can do it", "bIYiH7anFAQ-00067-00067456-00067506": "you"}}, {"audio_id": "bJ31gFG-Bmy", "text": {"bJ31gFG-Bmy-00000-00000000-00000074": "there is cristina aka lemmon", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00001-00000124-00000174": "x", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00002-00000214-00000413": "Jamian", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00003-00000532-00000582": "is...", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00004-00000648-00000698": "JAI", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00005-00000746-00000796": "YAAAS", "bJ31gFG-Bmy-00007-00000854-00000904": "alright"}}, {"audio_id": "bJz9mmO39Kg", "text": {"bJz9mmO39Kg-00000-00000440-00000553": "Hello World.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00001-00000553-00000697": "I'm Imagination.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00002-00000697-00001187": "Today I'm going to talk about Hyperloop: Transportation of the Future.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00003-00001187-00001586": "Hyperloop is a new form of ground transport currently in development by several companies,", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00004-00001586-00002020": "It could see passengers traveling at over 700 miles an hour in a floating pod which", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00005-00002020-00002525": "races along inside giant low-pressure tubes, either above or below ground.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00006-00002525-00002886": "There are two big differences between Hyperloop and traditional rail.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00007-00002886-00003321": "Firstly, the pods carrying passengers travel through tubes or tunnels from which most of", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00008-00003321-00003579": "the air has been removed to reduce friction.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00009-00003579-00003985": "This should allow the pods to travel at up to 750 miles per hour.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00010-00003985-00004440": "Secondly, rather than using wheels like a train or car, the pods are designed to float", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00011-00004440-00004984": "on air skis, using the same basic idea as an air hockey table, or use magnetic levitation", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00012-00004984-00005156": "to reduce friction.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00013-00005156-00005630": "Supporters argue that Hyperloop could be cheaper and faster than train or car travel, and cheaper", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00014-00005630-00005832": "and less polluting than air travel.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00015-00005832-00006296": "They claim that it's also quicker and cheaper to build than traditional high-speed rail.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00016-00006296-00006728": "Hyperloop could, therefore, be used to take the pressure off gridlocked roads, making", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00017-00006728-00007331": "travel between cities easier, and potentially unlocking major economic benefits as a result.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00018-00007331-00007670": "Several different companies are working to turn the idea into a functioning commercial", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00019-00007670-00007831": "system.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00020-00007831-00008187": "Hyperloop technology is still in development even though the basic concept has been around", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00021-00008187-00008324": "for many years.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00022-00008324-00008771": "At the moment, the earliest any Hyperloop is likely to be up and running is 2020 but", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00023-00008771-00009188": "most services are expected to be later, as trials of the technology are still in their", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00024-00009188-00009359": "early stages.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00025-00009359-00009734": "It's still not clear where Hyperloops will be established but many companies have sketched", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00026-00009734-00010200": "out routes in the U.S., U.A.E., India, Europe, and elsewhere.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00027-00010200-00010632": "The basic idea of Hyperloop as envisioned by Elon Musk is that the passenger pods or", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00028-00010632-00010997": "capsules travel through a tube, either above or below ground.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00029-00010997-00011570": "To reduce friction, most -- but not all -- of the air is removed from the tubes by pumps.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00030-00011570-00011992": "Overcoming air resistance is one of the biggest uses of energy in high-speed travel.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00031-00011992-00012419": "Airliners climb to high altitudes to travel through less dense air; in order to create", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00032-00012419-00012900": "a similar effect at ground level, Hyperloop encloses the capsules in a reduced-pressure", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00033-00012900-00013419": "tube, effectively allowing the trains to travel at airplane speeds while still on the ground.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00034-00013419-00013871": "The pods will get their velocity from an external linear electric motor -- effectively a round", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00035-00013871-00014076": "induction motor rolled flat.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00036-00014076-00014482": "Under Musk's model, the Hyperloop would be powered by solar panels placed on the top", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00037-00014482-00014931": "of the tube which would allow the system to generate more energy than it needs to run.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00038-00014931-00015296": "Supporters argue that Hyperloop is significantly better than high-speed rail.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00039-00015296-00015806": "It is lower cost and more energy efficient because, among other things, the track doesn't", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00040-00015806-00016344": "need to provide power to the pods continuously and, because the pods can leave every 30 seconds,", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00041-00016344-00016559": "it's more like an on-demand service.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00042-00016559-00016977": "It's also potentially two or three times faster than even high-speed rail and ten times the", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00043-00016977-00017223": "speed of regular rail services.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00044-00017223-00017656": "Critics of Hyperloop have warned that traveling in the tube might be an uncomfortable experience,", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00045-00017656-00018159": "due to nausea-inducing acceleration, plus lateral G-force on bends in the route.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00046-00018159-00018593": "However, Virgin Hyperloop One says that a journey via Hyperloop will feel about the", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00047-00018593-00018962": "same as riding in an elevator or a passenger plane.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00048-00018962-00019371": "Musk's LA to San Francisco version offered tickets at just twenty dollars but Virgin", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00049-00019371-00019893": "Hyperloop One is vaguer on its plans: \"Difficult to say as it will depend greatly on the route,", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00050-00019893-00020363": "but the goal is to make it affordable for everyone,\" it said, while Hyperloop Transportation", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00051-00020363-00020838": "Technologies said it expects \"a profitable system with low ticket price projections\".", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00052-00020838-00021208": "The companies building Hyperloop services argue that they are significantly cheaper", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00053-00021208-00021462": "to build than high-speed rail services.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00054-00021462-00021865": "Musk's Hyperloop Alpha paper claimed his LA to San Francisco route could be built for", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00055-00021865-00022190": "one-tenth of the price of a high-speed rail alternative.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00056-00022190-00022584": "Other companies have said their services could be one-third to half the price of rail services", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00057-00022584-00022741": "and much faster.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00058-00022741-00023168": "Being cheaper to build should mean these services can become profitable quickly.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00059-00023168-00023612": "Despite doing much to lay the groundwork for Hyperloop services, Musk initially said he", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00060-00023612-00023877": "was too busy to develop his own service.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00061-00023877-00024329": "There are now a number of companies working to turn the idea into reality, including startups", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00062-00024329-00024690": "and others that have been working on the idea for some time already.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00063-00024690-00025246": "Among them are Virgin Hyperloop One, HTT, TransPod, Arrivo, and others.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00064-00025246-00025685": "Each is developing a slightly different set of technologies, but the fundamental underlying", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00065-00025685-00025863": "idea remains the same.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00066-00025863-00026287": "Elon Musk set up the Boring Company with the aim of making it easier and faster to dig", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00067-00026287-00026799": "the tunnels under, and between, cities in order to make Hyperloop projects viable.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00068-00026799-00027218": "Tunnels can cost as much as 1 billion dollars a mile to dig; The Boring Company wants to", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00069-00027218-00027461": "dig tunnels at one-tenth of the price.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00070-00027461-00027912": "The company says it can do this by digging smaller tunnels, making faster and more efficient", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00071-00027912-00028363": "digging machines, and replacing diesel-powered machines with electric ones.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00072-00028363-00028764": "Virgin Hyperloop One is one of the leading contenders attempting to create a commercially", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00073-00028764-00028964": "viable Hyperloop system.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00074-00028964-00029345": "It was founded in June 2014 and has over 300 staff.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00075-00029345-00029964": "It has raised $295m with the aim of building an operational system by 2021.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00076-00029964-00030520": "The company currently has projects underway in Missouri, Texas, Colorado, North Carolina,", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00077-00030520-00030943": "the Midwest, India, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00078-00030943-00031415": "The next stage for Hyperloop is to move beyond initial testing and feasibility studies, start", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00079-00031415-00031914": "long-distance trials of the technology, and, even more importantly, testing the service", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00080-00031914-00032064": "with passengers.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00081-00032064-00032164": "That's all for today.", "bJz9mmO39Kg-00082-00032164-00032165": "Thanks for watching."}}, {"audio_id": "bJ_NfMLX5Hk", "text": {"bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00000-00000014-00000512": "“Probably the greatest harm done by vast wealth is the harm that we of moderate means", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00001-00000512-00001222": "do ourselves when we let the vices of envy and hatred enter deep into our own natures.”", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00002-00001222-00001889": "In early 2019, Oxfam reported that the world's 26 richest people own as much wealth as the", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00003-00001889-00002430": "poorest 3.8 billion people who make up half the population of this planet.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00004-00002430-00002900": "10 months later, nothing much has changed, except that the rich have been getting richer", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00005-00002900-00003030": "more quickly.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00006-00003030-00003614": "New data shows that the wealth of the top 1% has grown 100 times faster than the bottom", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00007-00003614-00003870": "50% since 1970.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00008-00003870-00004586": "In 2018, billionaires grew their combined wealth by US$2.5 billion a day, while the", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00009-00004586-00005044": "poorest 3.8 billion people lost $500 million a day.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00010-00005044-00005539": "As Seth Michaels of the Union of Concerned Scientists said, “The bulk of a generation", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00011-00005540-00006068": "of economic growth has been captured and concentrated in a few hands, and many people", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00012-00006068-00006296": "have barely seen any of it.”", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00013-00006296-00006692": "It’s no longer possible to argue that “A rising tide lifts all boats”.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00014-00006692-00007156": "The economic growth model that advantages the few clearly is not helping the people", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00015-00007156-00007242": "at the bottom.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00016-00007242-00007442": "Actually, it’s doing the opposite.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00017-00007442-00007884": "The situation would be better described as a mountain with a few rich people on top who", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00018-00007884-00008142": "have access to large drinking straws.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00019-00008142-00008656": "As they drink more water, the tide lowers for all the poor people down below.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00020-00008656-00009274": "The rich-poor gap IS widening, and in 2019, something had to give.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00021-00009274-00009634": "Bring in Exhibit 1 – Global Unrest.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00022-00009634-00009942": "Mass protests have been springing up across the globe.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00023-00009942-00010515": "In Europe, France is crippled by another day of disruption and protests over major changes", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00024-00010516-00010836": "to the pension system planned by the French Government.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00025-00010836-00011368": "Spain has been racked with violent protests as Catalan separatists took to the streets", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00026-00011368-00011831": "after Spain's Supreme Court jailed nine separatist leaders.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00027-00011831-00012460": "Eastern European countries such as Hungary and Poland are sliding slowly towards authoritarianism", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00028-00012460-00012762": "with protests breaking out across their countries.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00029-00012762-00013280": "In Hungary, the government are planning to tighten their control over theatres with protesters", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00030-00013280-00013622": "denouncing this as an attack on artistic freedom.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00031-00013622-00013874": "Doesn’t that set off alarm bells here in Australia?", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00032-00013874-00014359": "Prime Minister Scott Morrison has recently erased the word “Arts” from the Department", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00033-00014360-00014874": "of Communications and the Arts claiming it’s been incorporated into another department.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00034-00014874-00015288": "Not to mention the federal police raids that were conducted on journalists throughout the", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00035-00015288-00015369": "year.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00036-00015369-00015766": "Be warned, this is how all authoritarian regimes begin.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00037-00015766-00016260": "Chip away at our freedoms until before you know it, we have little to none left.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00038-00016260-00016810": "In Latin America, protests have erupted across multiple countries with Latin American democracy", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00039-00016810-00016958": "clearly in trouble.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00040-00016958-00017584": "There has been unrest in Chile where a student protest over a spike in subway fares in October", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00041-00017584-00017846": "turned into essentially a mass riot.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00042-00017846-00018142": "“The rich and powerful threw the first stone”.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00043-00018142-00018732": "In Bolivia, long-serving populist president Evo Morales was forced out of office and has", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00044-00018732-00018898": "since fled the country.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00045-00018898-00019142": "Protests and riots are ongoing.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00046-00019142-00019366": "Venezuela is in a complete mess.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00047-00019366-00020034": "4.6 million people have already fled the country as violence, political corruption, unemployment,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00048-00020034-00020592": "human rights violations, and chronic food and medical shortages have all become daily", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00049-00020592-00020702": "occurrences.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00050-00020702-00021334": "Violent clashes have also broken out in Ecuador, Peru, and Haiti, just to name a few more.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00051-00021334-00021600": "In the Middle East, a similar story has unfolded.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00052-00021600-00022202": "Protests have broken out in Lebanon over rising living costs, lack of job opportunities, stagnant", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00053-00022202-00022412": "wages, and corruption.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00054-00022412-00023029": "Protesters in Iran were brutally put down with between 200 to 1,000 people being shot", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00055-00023030-00023398": "by security forces with thousands more arrested.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00056-00023398-00023858": "The corrupt Iranian Government are clearly willing to use any means necessary to maintain", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00057-00023858-00024100": "political and social control.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00058-00024100-00024312": "Iraq is not faring any better.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00059-00024312-00024746": "Anti-government protests have erupted on a regular basis with scores of people being", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00060-00024746-00025082": "attacked or shot at for participating in the protests.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00061-00025082-00025612": "Libya is racked by civil war with refugees flooding across the Mediterranean, primarily", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00062-00025612-00025733": "to Italy.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00063-00025733-00026170": "The Egyptian economy is doing a lot better than its citizens with many Egyptians living", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00064-00026170-00026282": "in poverty.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00065-00026282-00026789": "Jordan has also experienced protests this year with many of the population angry over", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00066-00026789-00027160": "falling living conditions and widespread unemployment.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00067-00027160-00027254": "I could go on.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00068-00027254-00027666": "Russia, Hong Kong, South Africa, but I think you get the picture.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00069-00027666-00027895": "The citizens of the world are fed up.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00070-00027895-00028292": "They’re fed up with the rich and powerful robbing them of their livelihoods and their", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00071-00028292-00028380": "freedoms.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00072-00028380-00028783": "It was only a matter of time before people started to stand up, and once it started to", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00073-00028783-00029108": "happen, it spread like wildfire.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00074-00029108-00029648": "Associate Professor Henry Carey of Georgia State University wrote on these issues in", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00075-00029648-00029868": "the magazine The National Interest.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00076-00029868-00029942": "He wrote,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00077-00029942-00030452": "“Each protest in this worldwide wave has its own local dynamic and cause.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00078-00030452-00030970": "But they also share certain characteristics: fed up with rising inequality, corruption", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00079-00030970-00031588": "and slow economic growth, angry citizens worldwide are demanding an end to corruption and the", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00080-00031588-00031858": "restoration of the democratic rule of law.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00081-00031858-00032436": "Ignored by the municipal government, overcrowded urban settlements usually lack sanitation,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00082-00032436-00032874": "clean drinking water, electricity, health care facilities and schools.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00083-00032874-00033402": "The injustices of this daily life underlie the anger of many of today's protesters.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00084-00033402-00034024": "From Quito to Beirut, extreme marginalisation of so many people living in big dysfunctional", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00085-00034024-00034488": "and dangerous places has boiled over into deadly unrest.”", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00086-00034488-00034744": "Exhibit 2 – Climate Change.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00087-00034744-00035178": "No matter what you think of the climate movement, or whether you believe in human-caused climate", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00088-00035178-00035631": "change or not (I’m not here to convince you either way), one thing that is certain", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00089-00035632-00036124": "is that the climate is changing and has become a major cause of global unrest.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00090-00036124-00036628": "Unless you’ve had your head buried in the sand, Australia is burning, and people have", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00091-00036628-00036732": "had enough.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00092-00036732-00037214": "Hundreds of families have lost their homes, cities are choked with smoke, and the Australian", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00093-00037214-00037484": "Government seem to be in complete denial.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00094-00037484-00038012": "Our intrepid leader, Scott Morrison, has rejected any calls for more bushfire assistance.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00095-00038012-00038516": "Despite volunteer firefighters being completely exhausted, and having spent weeks away from", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00096-00038516-00038968": "their normal employment, many without pay, Mr Morrison commented,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00097-00038968-00039400": "“The fact is these crews, yes, they’re tired, but they also want to be out there", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00098-00039400-00039562": "defending their communities…", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00099-00039562-00040054": "We are constantly looking at ways to better facilitate the volunteer effort, but to professionalise", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00100-00040055-00040604": "that at that scale is not a matter that has previously been accepted and it’s not currently", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00101-00040604-00040838": "under consideration by the government.”", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00102-00040838-00041275": "In other words, exhausted volunteers who are trying to save our communities from burning", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00103-00041275-00041678": "down don’t deserve any pay, because “they want to be there”.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00104-00041678-00042206": "Apparently, they don’t even deserve face masks, food, or water, with the NSW Rural", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00105-00042206-00042627": "Fire Brigade having to resort to crowdfunding to buy essential equipment.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00106-00042627-00042736": "Thanks Mr. Morrison.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00107-00042736-00042976": "Your leadership is much appreciated.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00108-00042976-00043484": "As I said, whether or not human-caused climate change is to blame, the Australian Government,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00109-00043484-00043998": "and many governments around the world, are seen as being indifferent to climate concerns,", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00110-00043999-00044412": "which means they’re seen as ignoring their citizens, which is never a good thing to do", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00111-00044412-00044591": "when you’re trying to run a country.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00112-00044591-00045074": "But despite the Liberal Party’s rhetoric, two of its MPs have actually publicly linked", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00113-00045074-00045328": "the ongoing bushfires to climate change.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00114-00045328-00045974": "NSW Environment Minister Matt Kean and federal minister Sussan Ley have both admitted that", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00115-00045974-00046520": "they believe in climate science, with Mr Kean saying that, “We have to do our bit to abate", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00116-00046520-00047052": "carbon and reduce the impact of climate change”, and Ms Ley stating, “The dryness of the", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00117-00047052-00047682": "vegetation, particularly in the north of NSW, and the reduced stream-flow is creating unprecedented", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00118-00047682-00047786": "conditions.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00119-00047786-00048180": "That's what climate science has told me and I completely agree with it.”", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00120-00048180-00048346": "Anyway, people are angry.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00121-00048346-00048634": "Climate protests are occurring around the world.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00122-00048634-00049080": "The rise of groups like Extinction Rebellion are just indicative of the growing number", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00123-00049080-00049591": "of people concerned with climate and the environment and the negative effects that humans have", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00124-00049591-00049696": "on it.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00125-00049696-00049970": "Exhibit 3 – America’s Retreat.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00126-00049970-00050448": "America is slowly retreating from its traditional role as a stabilising force.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00127-00050448-00050876": "The Trump administration have decided that America no longer needs to concern itself", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00128-00050876-00051324": "with world affairs and has abandoned a number of international agreements.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00129-00051324-00051839": "These include the Paris Agreement on climate change, the Trans-Pacific Partnership which", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00130-00051839-00052334": "aims to liberalise Asia-Pacific trade, and the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action which", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00131-00052334-00052629": "sets limits on Iran’s nuclear program.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00132-00052629-00053164": "President Trump argued that the TPP would be harmful to American manufacturing, in turn", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00133-00053164-00053746": "reducing employment, lowering wages for local workers, and increasing inequality.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00134-00053746-00054334": "The US withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action on Iran risks seriously weakening", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00135-00054334-00054882": "trust and confidence in international arrangements that are essential parts of the global security", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00136-00054882-00055004": "architecture.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00137-00055004-00055532": "By the US pulling out, this further destabilises the world's most volatile region.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00138-00055532-00056070": "Not to mention the ongoing US-China trade war that has left many doubts and uncertainties", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00139-00056070-00056312": "dangling over the global economy.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00140-00056312-00056582": "So in conclusion, inequality is growing.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00141-00056582-00056760": "The rich are getting richer.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00142-00056760-00057072": "Governments are ignoring the concerns of their citizens.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00143-00057072-00057350": "Authoritarianism is rearing its ugly head.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00144-00057350-00057564": "And people are getting angry.", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00145-00057564-00057758": "What’s in store for 2020?", "bJ_NfMLX5Hk-00146-00057758-00058162": "Time will tell I suppose, but I can’t imagine it’s going to be very good."}}, {"audio_id": "bJBOllRwejQ", "text": {"bJBOllRwejQ-00000-00002748-00003752": "I thought I would talk about the joy, surprise, and excitement of soap operas. Okay. So previously,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00001-00003764-00004455": "on The Ancient and the Restless, Nicky tries to share a tender moment with Archimedes,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00002-00004455-00005255": "but he breaks the social rules, and “well actually”s her about the finite versus the", "bJBOllRwejQ-00003-00005255-00005707": "infinite. And then computes the upper bound on the number of grains of sand that would", "bJBOllRwejQ-00004-00005707-00006554": "fit in the universe. And what's interesting about this is that they had... The Greek numeral", "bJBOllRwejQ-00005-00006554-00007161": "system had a myriad, which was 10^4, and they could go up to a myriad myriad, and that's", "bJBOllRwejQ-00006-00007161-00008416": "kind of as high as it would go. 8-digit architecture. I mean, 10^63 is well beyond that. So he had", "bJBOllRwejQ-00007-00008416-00009269": "to invent big numerals. And he published his results in a paper he called the Sand Reckoner.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00008-00009269-00009843": "And that was really good. Then his rival across town, Catherine, was like... Hey, I've got", "bJBOllRwejQ-00009-00009843-00010792": "a big numeral system of my own! And she has some plans for her big numeral system. And", "bJBOllRwejQ-00010-00010792-00011674": "he doesn't want to cede his big numeral fame. So he challenges her to count the number of", "bJBOllRwejQ-00011-00011674-00012479": "cattle. There's four colors of cattle, and it's divided into bulls and cows, and he gives", "bJBOllRwejQ-00012-00012479-00012984": "a bunch of proportions for the bulls. Like white bulls are a half and a third of the", "bJBOllRwejQ-00013-00012984-00013850": "black together with the yellow, et cetera. And then gives some proportions for the cows.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00014-00013850-00014458": "You know, same sort of thing. White were a third and a fourth of the whole of the black.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00015-00014458-00015144": "And so on and so on. And so Catherine gets to work, infinitely many solutions, because", "bJBOllRwejQ-00016-00015144-00015869": "we've got 1 free parameter, she does some stuff, and does some more stuff, and she's", "bJBOllRwejQ-00017-00015869-00016302": "like... Hey, the smallest number of cattle under the sun is 50 million, and you could", "bJBOllRwejQ-00018-00016302-00017046": "take any multiple of this number and it would also work. And Archimedes is impressed. But", "bJBOllRwejQ-00019-00017046-00017831": "not that impressed. And tells her that... So he ups the ante and he's like -- hey, with", "bJBOllRwejQ-00020-00017831-00018315": "the white and black bulls together, they form a square! And when the yellow and dappled", "bJBOllRwejQ-00021-00018315-00018834": "bulls are together, they form a triangle! So... And Catherine is like... Yeah, no big", "bJBOllRwejQ-00022-00018834-00019529": "deal. How hard can it be? He's like... If you can do this, then I'll really be impressed.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00023-00019529-00020079": "So Catherine knows about square numbers. She works some stuff out. She does some factoring,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00024-00020079-00020987": "she gets a result about what K should be. She knows about triangular numbers. She does", "bJBOllRwejQ-00025-00020987-00021590": "a few more things with the square number stuff. And she ends up figuring out... Hey! All I", "bJBOllRwejQ-00026-00021590-00022502": "need to do is find an integer solution to this equation. Where Y is divisible by 4657.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00027-00022502-00023759": "And that's where she stops. Not really possible. So Archimedes is very pleased with himself.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00028-00023759-00024647": "And the problem kind of goes away. So fast-forward about 2,000 years, to French mathematician", "bJBOllRwejQ-00029-00024647-00025456": "Lagrange. These equations are now known as Pell equations. X squared minus dY squared,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00030-00025456-00026188": "where d is some positive integer, and Lagrange proved they had infinitely many solutions.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00031-00026188-00026818": "Actually, much earlier than that, the Indians figured out how to do this, in 628, Brahmagupta", "bJBOllRwejQ-00032-00026818-00027415": "figured out if you have one solution, you have infinitely many, and Bhaskara II had", "bJBOllRwejQ-00033-00027415-00028095": "a method for producing that first solution. But the Europeans didn't know about the Indians'", "bJBOllRwejQ-00034-00028095-00028733": "work, so they did it totally separately. From Wallace, Lord Branchner, and Lagrange came", "bJBOllRwejQ-00035-00028733-00029174": "around and used continuous fractions. So you might be wondering... Why are they called", "bJBOllRwejQ-00036-00029174-00029865": "Pell's equations? And it was just a mistake.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00037-00029865-00030075": "(laughter)", "bJBOllRwejQ-00038-00030075-00030710": "But when things get named, they just stay. So what's a continued fraction? Continued", "bJBOllRwejQ-00039-00030710-00031262": "fraction, you start with a number bigger than one, you subtract the integer part, then you", "bJBOllRwejQ-00040-00031262-00031733": "invert it, so it's bigger than one again, and you rinse and repeat. So for square root", "bJBOllRwejQ-00041-00031733-00032368": "33, it might look like this. And a good fact about square roots is that there's a periodicity.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00042-00032368-00032987": "You see that this bottom right one has the same result as the top right one. So this", "bJBOllRwejQ-00043-00032987-00033758": "will just repeat indefinitely. 5 and then the 12110 will just keep going. These integer", "bJBOllRwejQ-00044-00033758-00034484": "parts are sometimes called the quotients, and you can use the quotients to build rational", "bJBOllRwejQ-00045-00034484-00035305": "approximations to the square root. So you take 51, 512, 5121 and build these approximations.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00046-00035305-00035941": "They get closer and closer to the square root as you go. And really fascinating -- at the", "bJBOllRwejQ-00047-00035941-00036699": "last one, the convergent gives a solution to Pell's equation. So, 23/4 sounds to 23,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00048-00036699-00037624": "4 being a solution to x^2-33y^2=1 Then you take powers of that thing. And that gives", "bJBOllRwejQ-00049-00037624-00038143": "you all the solutions. So once you find the first solution, you can just keep taking powers", "bJBOllRwejQ-00050-00038143-00038736": "of this quadratic integer and now you get all the solutions. Fast-forward another 100", "bJBOllRwejQ-00051-00038736-00039503": "years, and Amthor finds out about Archimedes' cattle problem, does all the same work, says", "bJBOllRwejQ-00052-00039503-00040128": "hey, it's just a Pell equation. We know how to do that stuff now. I'll just use continued", "bJBOllRwejQ-00053-00040128-00041297": "fractions. Has a period of 92. So the last convergent in that list has this. As the solution.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00054-00041297-00042062": "But we need a y that's divisible by 4657, so we need to take the 2329th power of this", "bJBOllRwejQ-00055-00042062-00043152": "thing, which as you can guess is not computable by a human. But anyways... She has this is", "bJBOllRwejQ-00056-00043152-00044627": "the smallest solution. There are 206,000 digits, and the first four of them are 7766. So we", "bJBOllRwejQ-00057-00044627-00045328": "fast-forward to 1965 and University of Waterloo, they've got this cool IBM 7040 with 32k of", "bJBOllRwejQ-00058-00045328-00046114": "memory and decide to compute this thing. I know that's not as impressive as 434-bit modular", "bJBOllRwejQ-00059-00046114-00046287": "arithmetic on a Commodore 64.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00060-00046287-00046387": "(laughter)", "bJBOllRwejQ-00061-00046387-00047305": "But they do this. It takes 7 hours and 49 minutes to compute. They published the first", "bJBOllRwejQ-00062-00047305-00048109": "and last 50-digit numbers. There was a group also in 1889, that spent four years computing", "bJBOllRwejQ-00063-00048109-00048787": "digits. Computed 30 digits of the front and 18 digits of the back. That was a good project.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00064-00048787-00048917": "(laughter)", "bJBOllRwejQ-00065-00048917-00049877": "Anyway, you might notice that the first four digits are 7760. So Amthor is mortified that...", "bJBOllRwejQ-00066-00049877-00050385": "Luckily she didn't try to compute more than 4 digits. That would have been rough. Then", "bJBOllRwejQ-00067-00050385-00051041": "in 1981, they had this new Cray 1 computer and they're like... Hey, we've got a new computer.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00068-00051041-00051621": "Let's make sure things are set up right by just solving Archimedes' cattle problem. Sure.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00069-00051621-00052205": "So they compute the digits in about... And do all the verification. It takes about 10", "bJBOllRwejQ-00070-00052205-00052654": "digits. And then this Harry Nilson guy is like... It's never been published before.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00071-00052654-00053513": "Might as well just publish what the solution looks like. On 47 pages. Where the digits", "bJBOllRwejQ-00072-00053513-00054707": "are like 1/3 of actual size. So I thought we would maybe compute it right now. And I", "bJBOllRwejQ-00073-00054707-00055334": "was really interested in doing it quickly. So I wrote my code in Ruby.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00074-00055334-00055467": "(laughter)", "bJBOllRwejQ-00075-00055467-00056407": "So... Uh-oh. Don't look, don't look! Close your eyes, close your eyes. Okay. That was", "bJBOllRwejQ-00076-00056407-00057142": "close. I'm glad no one looked. Thanks. Yeah. So we got some continued fraction stuff. Not", "bJBOllRwejQ-00077-00057142-00057799": "all that hard. You know. Pretty straightforward. And we had to take powers of quadratic integers,", "bJBOllRwejQ-00078-00057799-00058444": "which is also not all that difficult to do. So hard code in the solution to part 1. Because", "bJBOllRwejQ-00079-00058444-00059200": "I was too lazy to do that part. So yeah. The first solution we just need to compute the", "bJBOllRwejQ-00080-00059200-00059827": "continued fraction convergent. And then we've got to take the 2329th power of that thing", "bJBOllRwejQ-00081-00059827-00060582": "and multiply by those other values, and that's it. So we can print this thing off. Whoops.", "bJBOllRwejQ-00082-00060582-00062225": "That's not what I meant to do. Whoops. So... Yeah. 0.01 seconds in Ruby. On this wimpy", "bJBOllRwejQ-00083-00062225-00062870": "laptop. Probably we should... I got like... A minute left or something. So...", "bJBOllRwejQ-00084-00063622-00064512": ">> 7760271486818269583866643...", "bJBOllRwejQ-00085-00064512-00064817": "(laughter)", "bJBOllRwejQ-00086-00064817-00064958": ">> Thanks!", "bJBOllRwejQ-00087-00064958-00065424": "(applause)"}}, {"audio_id": "bJF-3o5s1SY", "text": {"bJF-3o5s1SY-00000-00000040-00000140": "Brandon: What's going on?...", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00001-00000140-00000248": "Recorder: She wants a confession.", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00002-00000248-00000322": "Brandon: *Snrk* Confession!?!", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00003-00000322-00000372": "Brandon: How!?", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00004-00000422-00000616": "Brandon: Look, how can I confess to something I haven't done!?", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00005-00000616-00000750": "Recorder: She's the only way she's gonna to pardon you.", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00006-00000750-00001026": "Brandon: She's got nothing to pardon me for, I've done nothing...don't you understand...", "bJF-3o5s1SY-00007-00001026-00001136": "Brandon: CHRIST!!!! *Sarah slips and bangs her head*"}}, {"audio_id": "bJPxpUOqUBE", "text": {"bJPxpUOqUBE-00000-00000810-00000933": "[Music] um", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00001-00000933-00001055": "let's go", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00002-00001055-00001246": "back to me again", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00003-00001246-00001996": "[Music] area", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00004-00001996-00002369": "foreign", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00005-00002369-00003118": "fat yes", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00006-00003118-00003494": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00007-00003494-00003868": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00008-00003868-00004617": "foreign [Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00009-00004617-00004992": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00010-00004992-00005366": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00011-00005366-00007114": "don't waste time to my place", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00012-00007114-00007611": "hurry up", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00013-00007611-00007861": "cuisines", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00014-00007861-00008111": "don't", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00015-00008111-00008794": "waste time to my place", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00016-00008794-00009729": "catch me if I fall [Music] [Applause]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00017-00009729-00009886": "asleep", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00018-00009886-00010041": "foreign", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00019-00010041-00010196": "foreign", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00020-00010196-00010353": "foreign", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00021-00010353-00010509": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00022-00010509-00020515": "I wake up to a little bit of Drool on my pillow feel like it's gonna", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00023-00020515-00029227": "be", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00024-00029227-00039922": "a bad day I'm tired of [__] and", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00025-00039922-00041078": "the coffee ain't hit yeah damn ain't that great I don't want to go to work cause my", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00026-00041078-00041541": "boss is a jerk and I'm not even that paid I need a change in my life cause I don't feel", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00027-00041541-00041887": "alive and there's nothing that makes me happy oh hold my beer for a minute I'm about to", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00028-00041887-00042546": "quit my job cashing for a ticket I'm going on a trip and I don't plan to visit I'm gonna", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00029-00042546-00042944": "stay there till I feel like I'm with it all and this is just the beginning I need a big", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00030-00042944-00043327": "change help me feel like living I need a big swing home runs I'm hitting it I'll never", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00031-00043327-00044212": "look back moving on till I get it all our dreams we all want things but what you gonna", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00032-00044212-00046765": "do for how you gonna move for what you gonna be [Music] fun [Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00033-00046765-00047956": "hey yes it's my life my Strife my right to fight to die off and this is my game to play", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00034-00047956-00048688": "to claim a brand new name oh and I gonna lie to you I'm a bit nervous that I might screw", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00035-00048688-00049280": "everything up that I've ever done but what's the point of living if you ain't having fun", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00036-00049280-00050155": "I guess I look here look there over where am I scared where am I at I gotta make it", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00037-00050155-00050428": "in this life whatever makes me happy no I'm doing things right sipping in the summer on", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00038-00050428-00052779": "a ghost and Sprite or find a nightclub for the end of the night oh", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00039-00052779-00053619": "[Music] we can do anything", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00040-00053619-00053787": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00041-00053787-00053954": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00042-00053954-00054123": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00043-00054123-00054291": "[Music]", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00044-00054291-00055122": "so catch me if I fall [Music] thank you", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00045-00055122-00056361": "just like could be special if I get rid of the Devils they think that I am a rebel I", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00046-00056361-00060689": "think they want me to settle there's nobody On My Level they think that work is too stressful", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00047-00060689-00061186": "I think that work is essential the grind is all in your mental and I don't think you understand", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00048-00061186-00061770": "what I'll go through just to be in control of my life soon all the negativity deep and", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00049-00061770-00062277": "I'm immune I don't really need a mask with all I've been through I've been making changes", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00050-00062277-00062883": "for the ages five ten year plans are contagious I get attacked that [__] I'm tenacious", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00051-00062883-00063480": "and if you ain't get the [__] out of my way then that one life I won't regret it I", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00052-00063480-00063808": "won't fight until I get it I'll look back one day from heaven and say damn I learned", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00053-00063808-00064194": "some lessons and say damn I have no questions I had fun in every second and the journey", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00054-00064194-00064720": "was a blessing yeah they tell me that I'm never gonna make it they want me to do something", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00055-00064720-00064836": "that can make sense", "bJPxpUOqUBE-00056-00064836-00064864": "[Music]"}}, {"audio_id": "bJTHkf9pJbg", "text": {"bJTHkf9pJbg-00000-00000014-00000239": "Used Buses For Sale | Call 516-333-7483 | Can I start my own transportation business in", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00001-00000239-00000552": "a town or area that doesn't offer bus service?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00002-00000552-00001002": "Many transportation companies have inaugurated bus access across regions that lack municipal", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00003-00001002-00001194": "transit services.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00004-00001194-00001583": "It can be a good idea to start in a smaller town or region away from metropolitan city", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00005-00001583-00001977": "centers substantial demands exist in many areas.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00006-00001977-00002266": "Transporting as few as 10 or 20 people a day can pay the bills.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00007-00002266-00002818": "At a minimum, transport companies need to start by budgeting for; vehicle costs including", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00008-00002818-00003533": "maintenance, fuel, repairs and service, drivers wages and benefits, insurance, fuel and utilities.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00009-00003533-00003942": "Initial revenue expectations should be modest until the company has developed a marketing", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00010-00003942-00004396": "plan including a website, advertising and reputation management, only then the owner", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00011-00004396-00004720": "can reasonably plan a budget for the company.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00012-00004720-00005096": "Before buying a vehicle and hitting the road, thorough research in the nearby areas will", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00013-00005096-00005387": "go a long way in the success of your startup.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00014-00005387-00005714": "Observe how many people live and travel in the town or region?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00015-00005714-00006092": "How many of them que up every morning at the bus stops and terminals to reach their places", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00016-00006092-00006465": "of employment, recreation, church or shopping?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00017-00006465-00007097": "Is there a market for transportation to parties, beaches, casinos, amusement parks, wineries,", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00018-00007097-00007197": "etc?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00019-00007197-00007359": "Are they in haste or relaxed?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00020-00007359-00007606": "How much are they ready to spend on a single trip?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00021-00007606-00007933": "Are they ready to pay a higher fee for faster service?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00022-00007933-00008335": "Is the frequency of public bus services in neighboring townships limited to once an hour", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00023-00008335-00008567": "during the day or some other schedule?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00024-00008567-00008917": "Once a bus is missed will the people have to wait for an hour or more until the next", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00025-00008917-00009077": "bus arrives?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00026-00009077-00009505": "Find out if they are ready to pay a higher fare for more frequency or more accessible", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00027-00009505-00009751": "(handicapped) transportation?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00028-00009751-00010093": "If yes, then you have found a great niche for your startup.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00029-00010093-00010524": "Similarly, look out for locations where you can target a substantial number of riders", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00030-00010524-00010846": "per day such as shopping malls and hospitals and clinics.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00031-00010846-00011213": "This will help you increase your monthly revenues which will be a tangible benefit for your", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00032-00011213-00011313": "new startup.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00033-00011313-00011413": "The best way to answer these questions is to enter your market with a vehicle like a", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00034-00011413-00011513": "shuttle bus.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00035-00011513-00011613": "Check out what people are willing to pay per trip for a faster service instead of the regular", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00036-00011613-00011713": "fare.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00037-00011713-00011813": "If there is no existing service, riders will be inclined to pay significantly more for", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00038-00011813-00011913": "bus service.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00039-00011913-00012013": "This conversation can give you personal knowledge of how much the new startup can earn per day,", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00040-00012013-00012113": "week and month, what will be the cost of doing business?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00041-00012113-00012213": "How many staff people will be required?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00042-00012213-00012313": "How many vehicles will be needed to fulfill the demand?", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00043-00012313-00012413": "It should be noted that in this industry great profits are made by transporting the largest", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00044-00012413-00012513": "number of people in a single trip.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00045-00012513-00012613": "Firstly a smaller vehicle will make you lose passengers to competitors and secondly the", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00046-00012613-00012713": "fuel consumption will be reduced with the increase in passengers per trip, making an", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00047-00012713-00012813": "obvious profit.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00048-00012813-00012913": "Thus attempts should be made to purchase the biggest vehicle with the most powerful engine", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00049-00012913-00013013": "with the limited budget a startup may have in this industry.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00050-00013013-00013113": "Buses are the obvious answer when talking about big passenger vehicles.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00051-00013113-00013213": "Their new vehicle may not be affordable for every startup but their second-hand versions", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00052-00013213-00013313": "can fit almost every budget and requirement.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00053-00013313-00013413": "They are often equipped with wheelchair lifts so if you have seniors and disabled people", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00054-00013413-00013513": "in the town then they can be easily moved into the passenger's cabin with the use of", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00055-00013513-00013613": "the wheelchair lift.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00056-00013613-00013713": "These buses sometimes have double flip seats to accommodate either ambulatory or wheelchair", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00057-00013713-00013813": "passengers.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00058-00013813-00013913": "One wheelchair passenger typically requires the space of two seats that can be folded", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00059-00013913-00014013": "and locked to the seat frame.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00060-00014013-00014113": "Accordingly, the fair will have to be the same for all passengers because even though", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00061-00014113-00014213": "it will take the place of regular passengers on the bus.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00062-00014213-00014313": "If you have never owned a used bus for sale before then it's advisable to get started", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00063-00014313-00014413": "with a small minibus as they don't always need a commercial license for operations and", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00064-00014413-00014513": "are easy to manage and maintain.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00065-00014513-00014613": "Due to their maneuverability and functionality, they have been very popular with startup transportation", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00066-00014613-00014713": "companies.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00067-00014713-00014813": "Moreover, they have dual rear wheels for greater passenger capacity and stability.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00068-00014813-00014913": "That means the bus won't roll over even at highway speeds or rough mountainous terrains.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00069-00014913-00015013": "On the other hand the chances of a 15 seater van with single rear wheels rolling over increases", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00070-00015013-00015113": "by 70% when carrying more than 10 passengers.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00071-00015113-00015213": "You definitely do not want to compromise with the safety of your passengers.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00072-00015213-00015313": "Thus purchasing a 15 seater passenger shuttle bus for sale will go a long way in bringing", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00073-00015313-00015413": "success to the startup enterprise.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00074-00015413-00015513": "Major Vehicle Exchange, a used bus dealership has been delivering its second hand shuttle", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00075-00015513-00015613": "buses for sale to many cities and townships across the United States for several years.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00076-00015613-00015713": "At any point, we stock more than 35 used vehicles that are fully reconditioned and certified", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00077-00015713-00015813": "ready for the roads in the USA.", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00078-00015813-00015913": "See all the used buses for sale on our website, choose the ones you like the most, and give", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00079-00015913-00016013": "the owner Charles Kaufman a call at 516-333-7483 today!", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00080-00016013-00016113": "https://www.quora.com/Should-I-start-my-own-transportation-business-in-a-small-town-that-doesnt-offer-bus-service/answer/Charles-Kaufman-8", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00081-00016113-00016213": "Used buses for sale, shuttle bus, second-hand bus, buses equipped with wheelchair lifts,", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00082-00016213-00016313": "passenger bus, used bus for sale, small minibus, 15 seater van, 15 seater passenger shuttle", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00083-00016313-00016413": "bus for sale, second hand shuttle buses for sale", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00084-00016413-00016513": "#Used #buses #forsale #shuttlebus #secondhandbus #busesequippedwithlifts #passengerbus #usedbusforsale", "bJTHkf9pJbg-00085-00016513-00016513": "#smallbus #minibus #van #passenger #shuttlebus #sale #secondhand #buses #sales"}}, {"audio_id": "bKE6nGjsq9k", "text": {"bKE6nGjsq9k-00000-00000006-00000225": "Do you have fear or anxiety?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00001-00000225-00000454": "Is it a driving force for you,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00002-00000454-00000673": "or does it cause paralysis?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00003-00000673-00001121": "Let's uncover some secrets about fear right after this.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00004-00001121-00001274": "Hi, I'm Doug Barra.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00005-00001274-00001598": "And in this episode of BusinessSUCCESS,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00006-00001598-00001855": "we'll explore the world of fear.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00007-00001855-00002332": "What is one of the biggest problems facing most big business", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00008-00002332-00002799": "owners who are looking for business growth and expansion?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00009-00002880-00003227": "You might think it's a lack of resources,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00010-00003227-00003390": "a lack of planning,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00011-00003390-00003583": "or a lack of willpower.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00012-00003583-00004063": "Those are some of the reasons people fail to move forward", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00013-00004063-00004338": "on their business growth plans,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00014-00004338-00004715": "but they are not the only ones or even the most", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00015-00004715-00005214": "common. Fear is a principal reason not to move forward with", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00016-00005214-00005367": "expansion plans.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00017-00005367-00005632": "Being afraid can be crippling.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00018-00005632-00006030": "Having an anxiety attack is very real for some.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00019-00006213-00006638": "What if I told you that fear and anxiety doesn't have", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00020-00006638-00006934": "to be something that slows you down?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00021-00006934-00007241": "Real fear is ingrained in our makeup.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00022-00007241-00007617": "When we were hunter-gatherers on the Plains,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00023-00007617-00007934": "fear kept us from being eaten by a lion.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00024-00007934-00008418": "This was a very useful trait and critical for our survival.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00025-00008418-00008675": "Fear equaled live another day.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00026-00008675-00008744": "No fear,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00027-00008744-00008873": "you were lunch.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00028-00008873-00009158": "However, in today's society,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00029-00009158-00009625": "most of us are very rarely confronted with true life or", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00030-00009625-00009791": "death situations.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00031-00009791-00010300": "Although the part of our brain that creates that fear still", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00032-00010300-00010590": "plays a role in our everyday life.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00033-00010590-00011181": "The problem is the fear we experience today often becomes something", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00034-00011181-00011493": "that paralyzes or creates anxiety.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00035-00011493-00012074": "Your fear can overwhelm even the most basic Business Growth plans.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00036-00012074-00012447": "A great way to look at fear is as the acronym,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00037-00012474-00012787": "false expectations appearing real.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00038-00012787-00012938": "Why that acronym?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00039-00012938-00013088": "Think about this.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00040-00013088-00013190": "In reality,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00041-00013190-00013382": "what are you afraid of?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00042-00013382-00013674": "If it isn't a real physical threat,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00043-00013674-00014078": "then it's what you think is going to happen in the", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00044-00014078-00014209": "future, right?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00045-00014209-00014421": "Isn't that what you fear?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00046-00014421-00014622": "Now, let me ask you this.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00047-00014622-00014894": "Do you actually know the future?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00048-00014894-00014955": "I mean,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00049-00014955-00015258": "really? Can you predict the future?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00050-00015396-00015482": "If you can,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00051-00015482-00015837": "please tell me the winning lottery numbers.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00052-00015837-00015924": "Of course,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00053-00015924-00016010": "you can't,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00054-00016010-00016269": "but that is what we're afraid of.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00055-00016269-00016624": "We actually operate like we know the future.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00056-00016624-00016921": "False Expectations Appearing Real.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00057-00016921-00017392": "Now let's talk a little bit about the physical reactions of", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00058-00017392-00017631": "fear, heightened breathing,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00059-00017631-00017814": "increased heart rate,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00060-00017814-00017938": "intense focus.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00061-00017938-00018370": "And what about the physical reactions of excitement?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00062-00018370-00018562": "Heightened breathing,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00063-00018604-00018780": "increased heart rate,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00064-00018780-00018901": "intense focus.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00065-00018901-00019170": "It's the same physical reactions,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00066-00019170-00019328": "but one we call fear,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00067-00019328-00019440": "and the other,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00068-00019440-00019598": "we call excitement.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00069-00019598-00020090": "So what if you could simply call those reactions excitement all", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00070-00020090-00020164": "the time?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00071-00020164-00020275": "Well, you can.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00072-00020275-00020424": "Don't get me wrong.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00073-00020424-00020897": "I'm not saying you can completely remove fear from your life.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00074-00020897-00021241": "I'm saying that if you want to be successful,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00075-00021262-00021764": "you might consider turning your fear into excitement.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00076-00021764-00022146": "Want to be really productive in your days.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00077-00022146-00022409": "Ask yourself this question.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00078-00022409-00022616": "What do I fear the most?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00079-00022616-00022747": "And then do it.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00080-00022747-00022954": "Productivity expert,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00081-00022954-00023075": "Brian Tracy,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00082-00023075-00023435": "wrote a great book called eat that frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00083-00023435-00023653": "Here's the basic story.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00084-00023653-00024145": "If your doctor told you tomorrow that you were going to", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00085-00024145-00024560": "die, and the only way that you could live was if", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00086-00024560-00024778": "you ate a frog every day,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00087-00024799-00024897": "a live frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00088-00024897-00025287": "Now, most of us would spend the entire day going,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00089-00025287-00025366": "oh my God,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00090-00025366-00025512": "I got to eat a frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00091-00025512-00025649": "Got to eat a frog?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00092-00025649-00025727": "Oh my God,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00093-00025727-00025902": "I've got to eat a frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00094-00025902-00026049": "I gotta eat a frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00095-00026049-00026225": "Oh, I gotta eat a frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00096-00026225-00026655": "And, only at the very last moment would we finally eat", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00097-00026655-00026743": "that frog.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00098-00026958-00027258": "What if you just ate the frog?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00099-00027258-00027720": "Imagine how easy the rest of the day would be.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00100-00027720-00027833": "Your life,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00101-00027833-00028095": "your business every day,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00102-00028095-00028233": "is like that.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00103-00028233-00028808": "There's the things that you don't want to do that you're", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00104-00028808-00028920": "afraid of.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00105-00028920-00029258": "And you put them off all day long.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00106-00029258-00029483": "And worry about them.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00107-00029483-00029745": "Rather than just do them,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00108-00029745-00030058": "and the rest of the day is easy.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00109-00030058-00030283": "Fear is a part of life.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00110-00030283-00030792": "Learning how to manage it and get past it is essential", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00111-00030792-00030924": "for living life.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00112-00030924-00031308": "Remember, people react to fear in one of two ways,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00113-00031308-00031863": "letting it control their actions or recognizing it and acting anyway.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00114-00031863-00032267": "Recognizing the fear and acting anyway is courage.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00115-00032267-00032708": "I acknowledge you for being one of the courageous few who", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00116-00032708-00032981": "are willing to be a business owner.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00117-00032981-00033526": "Now, would you like to experience the freedom of business ownership?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00118-00033607-00034022": "What if you could have your business create more wealth for", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00119-00034022-00034353": "you without having to devote more of your time?", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00120-00034353-00034540": "This is what's available.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00121-00034540-00034913": "When you build a solid foundation for your business,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00122-00034913-00035294": "I have created this resource to show you the roadmap to", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00123-00035294-00035515": "that kind of business success.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00124-00035515-00035888": "I call it the insider's guide to success in business,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00125-00035888-00036278": "and you can download your free copy by clicking the link", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00126-00036278-00036812": "below this video or by visiting insidersguidetosuccessinbusiness.com.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00127-00036950-00037331": "I'd love to know what you are going to do with", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00128-00037331-00037733": "this information or what questions you have.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00129-00037733-00037902": "Leave me a comment.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00130-00037902-00038082": "I love reading them.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00131-00038082-00038252": "I want to read them,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00132-00038252-00038495": "and I want to respond to you.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00133-00038495-00038855": "Please take a moment and like this video.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00134-00038855-00039310": "It allows others to have the opportunity to see it so", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00135-00039310-00039797": "that the algorithms show it to them and subscribe to our", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00136-00039797-00040252": "YouTube channel and be sure to click the bell for all", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00137-00040252-00040673": "notifications. So you don't miss a single episode.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00138-00040673-00040767": "Once again,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00139-00040767-00040890": "I'm Doug Barra.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00140-00040890-00041069": "And now it's your turn.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00141-00041069-00041191": "Click the link,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00142-00041191-00041398": "download your free guide,", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00143-00041398-00041690": "take your business to the next level.", "bKE6nGjsq9k-00144-00041690-00041954": "And I'll see you in our next video."}}, {"audio_id": "bKSSTANni6y", "text": {"bKSSTANni6y-00000-00000836-00001307": "Your assignments are, in a way, a form of communicating, so your document needs to be", "bKSSTANni6y-00001-00001307-00001922": "logically designed, coded, and made up of interdependent parts for sharing information.", "bKSSTANni6y-00002-00001922-00002456": "In this video we will cover a number of examples of source types cited in the context of an", "bKSSTANni6y-00003-00002456-00002596": "APA student paper.", "bKSSTANni6y-00004-00002596-00003134": "We’re going to learn how to cite in the body of the paper using in-text citations,", "bKSSTANni6y-00005-00003134-00003597": "entries in the reference page, and understand the connections between in-text citations", "bKSSTANni6y-00006-00003597-00003746": "and references.", "bKSSTANni6y-00007-00003746-00004409": "Let’s consider the general format of a student APA paper, complete with title page, body,", "bKSSTANni6y-00008-00004409-00004952": "and reference page. For details, see the key material that comes with this video. You can", "bKSSTANni6y-00009-00004952-00005471": "also find this information in chapter 2 of the APA Publication Manual. Check with your", "bKSSTANni6y-00010-00005471-00006141": "course instructor if they require you to format a professional APA paper.", "bKSSTANni6y-00011-00006141-00006777": "Books have great concrete information, like in The Healing of America by T. R. Reid.", "bKSSTANni6y-00012-00006777-00007345": "You might decide to paraphrase content from this book based on its narrative form. APA", "bKSSTANni6y-00013-00007345-00007817": "uses the author-date system. Use the author’s last name and the date of publication for", "bKSSTANni6y-00014-00007817-00008387": "in-text citations. This information is key for your reader’s frame of reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00015-00008387-00008825": "There are two basic ways to cite in your text: parenthetical and narrative.", "bKSSTANni6y-00016-00008825-00009337": "In parenthetical in-text citations “both the author and the date, separated by a comma,", "bKSSTANni6y-00017-00009337-00009751": "appear within or at the end of a sentence. When a parenthetical citation is at the end", "bKSSTANni6y-00018-00009751-00010194": "of a sentence, put the period or other end punctuation after the closing parenthesis”", "bKSSTANni6y-00019-00010194-00010360": "(APA, 2020, p. 263).", "bKSSTANni6y-00020-00010360-00010885": "In narrative citations “the author appears in running text and the date appears in parentheses", "bKSSTANni6y-00021-00010885-00011378": "immediately after the author name” (2020, p.263). For example, you might write, “Reid", "bKSSTANni6y-00022-00011378-00011854": "stated [thus and such]”, keeping the publication date next to the author’s name.", "bKSSTANni6y-00023-00011854-00012408": "Adding an extra detail like a page or paragraph number can help with paraphrased citations,", "bKSSTANni6y-00024-00012408-00012891": "but it’s not required. Direct quotations, on the other hand do require an additional", "bKSSTANni6y-00025-00012891-00013144": "frame of reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00026-00013144-00013661": "Now we’ll make the connection between the in-text citation and its corresponding reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00027-00013661-00014281": "We can notice how the author’s last name and publication date are keyed to the reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00028-00014281-00015097": "References are made up of four basic components: author, publication date, title, and source.", "bKSSTANni6y-00029-00015097-00015681": "The author section is formatted with the last name, comma, initials, and punctuation, although", "bKSSTANni6y-00030-00015681-00016184": "the first or middle initials already provide a period, punctuation is more apparent when", "bKSSTANni6y-00031-00016184-00016661": "the author is a group or organization. If there is more than one author, separate the", "bKSSTANni6y-00032-00016661-00016901": "authors with a comma.", "bKSSTANni6y-00033-00016901-00017448": "Write the publication date by year. You might need to add the month or day, depending on", "bKSSTANni6y-00034-00017448-00017584": "the source.", "bKSSTANni6y-00035-00017584-00018165": "The title for a book is italicized and in sentence case. Sentence case means you capitalize", "bKSSTANni6y-00036-00018165-00018622": "the first word of the title and the subtitle including all proper nouns.", "bKSSTANni6y-00037-00018622-00019229": "The source includes information on its origin and location, such as publisher, journal title,", "bKSSTANni6y-00038-00019229-00019764": "retrieval date, URL, or other details. In this case the book represents a print copy,", "bKSSTANni6y-00039-00019764-00020370": "but in some cases an ebook might include a DOI. “A DOI, or digital object identifier,", "bKSSTANni6y-00040-00020370-00020909": "is a unique alphanumeric string that identifies content and provides a persistent link to", "bKSSTANni6y-00041-00020909-00021380": "its location on the internet” (APA, 2020, p. 298). DOIs apply more to journal articles,", "bKSSTANni6y-00042-00021380-00021595": "so we’ll get to that in just a second.", "bKSSTANni6y-00043-00021595-00022198": "Let’s use the journal article entitled COVID-19 and racial/ethnic disparities by Hooper and", "bKSSTANni6y-00044-00022198-00022759": "others. Let’s first consider quotations. Direct quotations are useful for citing information", "bKSSTANni6y-00045-00022759-00023255": "that requires accuracy, like quoting data, definitions, or other observations that need", "bKSSTANni6y-00046-00023255-00023414": "exact wording.", "bKSSTANni6y-00047-00023414-00023940": "Short quotations consist of fewer than 40 words. They are formatted with quotation marks", "bKSSTANni6y-00048-00023940-00024529": "for the text you cite. Here are some examples using parenthetical and narrative in-text", "bKSSTANni6y-00049-00024529-00024829": "citations.", "bKSSTANni6y-00050-00024829-00025324": "Block quotations consist of 40 words or more for citing lengthier direct quotes, and you", "bKSSTANni6y-00051-00025324-00025626": "would use them only when necessary.", "bKSSTANni6y-00052-00025626-00026199": "Block quotes start on a new line, are indented half an inch, double-spaced, and do not require", "bKSSTANni6y-00053-00026199-00026743": "the use of quotation marks. New paragraphs in blockquotes get an additional half-inch", "bKSSTANni6y-00054-00026743-00026977": "indentation.", "bKSSTANni6y-00055-00026977-00027533": "You can cite your source in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation or cite", "bKSSTANni6y-00056-00027533-00028036": "the author and year in the narrative before the quotation and place only the page number", "bKSSTANni6y-00057-00028036-00028619": "in parentheses after the quotation’s final punctuation (APA PM, 2020, p. 272).", "bKSSTANni6y-00058-00028619-00029139": "Now we’ll make the connection between the in-text citation and its corresponding reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00059-00029139-00029658": "We can notice how the author’s last name and publication date are keyed to the reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00060-00029658-00030250": "This makes it easy to find the reference which allows the reader to verify the source.", "bKSSTANni6y-00061-00030250-00030778": "For this journal article, cite the authors like we did with the book, listing last names", "bKSSTANni6y-00062-00030778-00031356": "first, followed by initials, and punctuated. Use the ampersand as a short way of saying", "bKSSTANni6y-00063-00031356-00031787": "“and” before stating the last author listed.", "bKSSTANni6y-00064-00031787-00032072": "Cite the date of publication by year.", "bKSSTANni6y-00065-00032072-00032556": "Cite the title of the article in sentence case, capitalizing the first word of the title", "bKSSTANni6y-00066-00032556-00033175": "and the first word of the subtitle, with all proper nouns, then punctuate. Unlike the book,", "bKSSTANni6y-00067-00033175-00033465": "don’t italicize the title of the article.", "bKSSTANni6y-00068-00033465-00033966": "Moving to the source of the reference we’ll include the title of the journal and the DOI", "bKSSTANni6y-00069-00033966-00034228": "– which I’ll define very soon.", "bKSSTANni6y-00070-00034228-00034683": "Journal articles have a complex publishing process because they get published frequently,", "bKSSTANni6y-00071-00034683-00035218": "and are written by many authors, so using a point of reference requires some detail.", "bKSSTANni6y-00072-00035218-00035743": "For a journal article, include the title of the journal, capitalized and italicized. Include", "bKSSTANni6y-00073-00035743-00036218": "the volume number italicized directly next to the issue number in parentheses.", "bKSSTANni6y-00074-00036218-00036786": "Add the page range, and if applicable a URL or DOI.", "bKSSTANni6y-00075-00036786-00037250": "In this case the Journal of the American Medical Association doesn’t have a volume or issue", "bKSSTANni6y-00076-00037250-00037744": "number to reference, so we’ll omit it, but often you’ll find those in journal article", "bKSSTANni6y-00077-00037744-00037906": "references.", "bKSSTANni6y-00078-00037906-00038455": "As we mentioned, “a DOI, or digital object identifier, is a unique alphanumeric string", "bKSSTANni6y-00079-00038455-00038961": "that identifies content and provides a persistent link to its location on the internet” (APA,", "bKSSTANni6y-00080-00038961-00039061": "2020, p. 298).", "bKSSTANni6y-00081-00039061-00039584": "DOIs are preferable to use than URLs because URLs tend to change over time, but if you", "bKSSTANni6y-00082-00039584-00039938": "don’t have a DOI, use a URL.", "bKSSTANni6y-00083-00039938-00040487": "Let’s use the news program entitled “Why managing chronic health conditions begins", "bKSSTANni6y-00084-00040487-00040746": "at home”", "bKSSTANni6y-00085-00040746-00041219": "Since this is a video, direct quotations will be based on material without page numbers.", "bKSSTANni6y-00086-00041219-00041675": "Here are a few examples. You can use a section header in the absence", "bKSSTANni6y-00087-00041675-00042072": "of pages. An abbreviated heading or section gets quotation", "bKSSTANni6y-00088-00042072-00042505": "marks. You can number paragraphs typing “para”", "bKSSTANni6y-00089-00042505-00042862": "period, and its number.", "bKSSTANni6y-00090-00042862-00043387": "In audio-visual material like a video use a time stamp for the beginning of the quotation", "bKSSTANni6y-00091-00043387-00043711": "in place of the page number.", "bKSSTANni6y-00092-00043711-00044237": "Now we’ll make the connection between the in-text citation and its corresponding reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00093-00044237-00044746": "We can notice how the author’s last name and publication date are keyed to the reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00094-00044746-00045236": "This makes it easy to find the reference which allows the reader to verify the source.", "bKSSTANni6y-00095-00045236-00045700": "For this news program, you could cite the host as you would an author, listing last", "bKSSTANni6y-00096-00045700-00046067": "names first, followed by initials, and punctuated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00097-00046067-00046627": "You might also cite a director or producer in the author’s place depending on the source.", "bKSSTANni6y-00098-00046627-00047111": "In this citation I’m going to cite the reporter and note it in the parentheses, because the", "bKSSTANni6y-00099-00047111-00047653": "host is actually Judy Woodruff, but John Yang is reporting in a similar way to authoring", "bKSSTANni6y-00100-00047653-00047800": "a work.", "bKSSTANni6y-00101-00047800-00048271": "Cite the date of publication by year. We’ll add the month and day because it’s relevant", "bKSSTANni6y-00102-00048271-00048547": "to the timing of its publication.", "bKSSTANni6y-00103-00048547-00048968": "Cite the title of the episode in sentence case, capitalizing only the first word of", "bKSSTANni6y-00104-00048968-00049552": "the title and subtitle, including all proper nouns. Add details like season or episode", "bKSSTANni6y-00105-00049552-00049783": "number if applicable.", "bKSSTANni6y-00106-00049783-00050181": "Since this is a video, we’ll want to make this type of media clear to the reader for", "bKSSTANni6y-00107-00050181-00050471": "identifying and retrieving the work.", "bKSSTANni6y-00108-00050471-00051093": "Use bracketed descriptions for noting unconventional types of media. Examples include videos, audiobooks,", "bKSSTANni6y-00109-00051093-00051550": "software, or data sets. When in doubt, use a description.", "bKSSTANni6y-00110-00051550-00052125": "Enclose descriptions in square brackets, capitalize the first letter, and place it after the title", "bKSSTANni6y-00111-00052125-00052225": "of the work.", "bKSSTANni6y-00112-00052225-00052794": "For the source we’ll include the title of the TV series, italicized in sentence-case", "bKSSTANni6y-00113-00052794-00053412": "capitalizing the first word of the title and subtitle, including all proper nouns, then", "bKSSTANni6y-00114-00053412-00053512": "punctuate.", "bKSSTANni6y-00115-00053512-00054030": "Add the production company, in this case it’s the Public Broadcasting Service. Finally add", "bKSSTANni6y-00116-00054030-00054575": "the URL. We’d normally add the producer before the production company, but this doesn’t", "bKSSTANni6y-00117-00054575-00054974": "seem to apply.", "bKSSTANni6y-00118-00054974-00055519": "Now we will work on citing a newspaper magazine titled Why America’s Black Mothers and Babies", "bKSSTANni6y-00119-00055519-00056104": "are in a Life-or-Death Crisis.", "bKSSTANni6y-00120-00056104-00056563": "You might notice that magazines or news articles quote other people frequently, but it’s", "bKSSTANni6y-00121-00056563-00056929": "not clear how to cite the source in the paper you’re reading from.", "bKSSTANni6y-00122-00056929-00057469": "Ideally, you would want to cite the original source, but this might not be an option or", "bKSSTANni6y-00123-00057469-00058024": "a very fitting choice, so when you quote sources in the flow of an article, simply include", "bKSSTANni6y-00124-00058024-00058548": "the information in the quote as it is, and cite only the paper or magazine you’re reading", "bKSSTANni6y-00125-00058548-00058861": "from.", "bKSSTANni6y-00126-00058861-00059364": "If you are citing a source in your paper that has quotation marks, use single quotations", "bKSSTANni6y-00127-00059364-00060262": "within the text held by the double quotation marks of your direct quote.", "bKSSTANni6y-00128-00060262-00060862": "Now we’ll make the connection between the in-text citation and its corresponding reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00129-00060862-00061380": "This source is an interesting combination between newspaper, magazine, and webpage,", "bKSSTANni6y-00130-00061380-00061913": "but since this is has the quality of a magazine, we’ll citing as such.", "bKSSTANni6y-00131-00061913-00062430": "Similar to a journal article, a magazine is a type of periodical – because it gets published", "bKSSTANni6y-00132-00062430-00062732": "continually or periodically.", "bKSSTANni6y-00133-00062732-00063204": "This reference is pretty straight forward compared to a journal article.", "bKSSTANni6y-00134-00063204-00063747": "Cite the author and date of publication, but we’ll add the month and day. The specific", "bKSSTANni6y-00135-00063747-00064529": "date provides an accurate frame of reference because magazines get published more frequently.", "bKSSTANni6y-00136-00064529-00064944": "Cite the title of article in sentence case, and punctuate.", "bKSSTANni6y-00137-00064944-00065516": "Cite the title of the magazine, italicize, capitalize, punctuate, and finally we’ll", "bKSSTANni6y-00138-00065516-00065855": "add the URL because we accessed this online.", "bKSSTANni6y-00139-00065855-00066373": "Now, you might consider adding a retrieval date because this source was cited from the", "bKSSTANni6y-00140-00066373-00066950": "web, but retrieval dates are more for content that tends to get updated, such as a Google", "bKSSTANni6y-00141-00066950-00067508": "map or evidence-based content in DynaMed or Clinical guidelines.", "bKSSTANni6y-00142-00067508-00068175": "Now we’ll cite a podcast from the channel called All In: Data for community health podcast", "bKSSTANni6y-00143-00068175-00068697": "Perhaps in this podcast you want to cite a couple points in a stretch of time, but you", "bKSSTANni6y-00144-00068697-00069106": "don’t want to clutter up your paper with a blockquote.", "bKSSTANni6y-00145-00069106-00069585": "Consider using three periods, or the ellipsis character – an equivalent of three dots", "bKSSTANni6y-00146-00069585-00069981": "indicating the omitting of text.", "bKSSTANni6y-00147-00069981-00070633": "You can use an ellipsis to omit text in sentences or between sentences so you can draw attention", "bKSSTANni6y-00148-00070633-00071223": "to only the content you need to quote while giving the reader awareness of its existing", "bKSSTANni6y-00149-00071223-00071323": "context.", "bKSSTANni6y-00150-00071323-00071880": "Ellipses aren’t used at the beginning or end of quotes, except if they are part of", "bKSSTANni6y-00151-00071880-00071998": "the quote.", "bKSSTANni6y-00152-00071998-00072427": "You might have noticed that there are four periods in this example, but the first dot", "bKSSTANni6y-00153-00072427-00073051": "is actually a period ending the sentence, followed by the ellipsis indicating absent", "bKSSTANni6y-00154-00073051-00073151": "context.", "bKSSTANni6y-00155-00073151-00073661": "The in-text citation follows the author-date system, and since this is an audio form of", "bKSSTANni6y-00156-00073661-00074381": "media, we can use time stamps for the in-text citation. I added an extra time stamp for", "bKSSTANni6y-00157-00074381-00074718": "citing the second statement.", "bKSSTANni6y-00158-00074718-00075476": "We’ll make the connection between the in-text citation and its corresponding reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00159-00075476-00075982": "This podcast is essentially an interview, so we’ll consider how to cite it accurately", "bKSSTANni6y-00160-00075982-00076193": "and considerately.", "bKSSTANni6y-00161-00076193-00076837": "For podcasts, cite the Host in the author’s place and indicate the role of host in parentheses", "bKSSTANni6y-00162-00076837-00077218": "followed by the date of the podcast publication.", "bKSSTANni6y-00163-00077218-00077901": "Next, cite the title of the podcast episode in sentence case, and punctuate.", "bKSSTANni6y-00164-00077901-00078508": "Add the episode number in parentheses. In this case there is a season number.", "bKSSTANni6y-00165-00078508-00079129": "Add the description “audio podcast episode” in square brackets for the purpose of identification", "bKSSTANni6y-00166-00079129-00079368": "and retrieval.", "bKSSTANni6y-00167-00079368-00080042": "Add the word “In” followed by the title of the podcast in sentence case and italicize.", "bKSSTANni6y-00168-00080042-00080575": "This minor detail, using the word “In”, is also used for book chapters and it helps", "bKSSTANni6y-00169-00080575-00081033": "indicate that the work cited is part of a larger work.", "bKSSTANni6y-00170-00081033-00081562": "Next cite the production company and capitalize. In this example, the production company is", "bKSSTANni6y-00171-00081562-00082291": "just about the same as the podcast title because it’s produced by the same organization.", "bKSSTANni6y-00172-00082291-00082782": "Finally include the URL. Now, I added the URL from the organization’s", "bKSSTANni6y-00173-00082782-00083307": "site because it offers more information on the content, even though the podcast is hosted", "bKSSTANni6y-00174-00083307-00083482": "in SoundCloud.", "bKSSTANni6y-00175-00083482-00083997": "One more important detail I need to mention is that Peter Eckart, the host, interviewed", "bKSSTANni6y-00176-00083997-00084558": "Josie Williams, the expert voice in the topic, therefore you will want to make it clear in", "bKSSTANni6y-00177-00084558-00085266": "the narrative of the paper what Josie Williams stated or what Peter Eckart asked.", "bKSSTANni6y-00178-00085266-00085726": "Now we will cite reports and gray literature from the Boston Public Health Commission and", "bKSSTANni6y-00179-00085726-00086131": "County Health Rankings & Roadmaps.", "bKSSTANni6y-00180-00086131-00086770": "There are a number of reports such as government reports, technical reports, and research reports.", "bKSSTANni6y-00181-00086770-00087394": "Gray literature includes documents such as press releases, codes of ethics, grants, policy", "bKSSTANni6y-00182-00087394-00087713": "briefs, and similar publications.", "bKSSTANni6y-00183-00087713-00088194": "You might not see authors listed in reports or gray literature the same way you do in", "bKSSTANni6y-00184-00088194-00088850": "journal articles. Often groups or organizations represent their professional documents, so", "bKSSTANni6y-00185-00088850-00089099": "you can cite them as the author.", "bKSSTANni6y-00186-00089099-00089563": "The in-text citations will look a little different, but that’s ok because it’s still based", "bKSSTANni6y-00187-00089563-00089798": "on the author-date system.", "bKSSTANni6y-00188-00089798-00090330": "You might notice in County Health Rankings & Roadmaps source that I used “data tab”.", "bKSSTANni6y-00189-00090330-00090948": "That’s because the information on the webpage was complex and tabulated. I had to first", "bKSSTANni6y-00190-00090948-00091330": "find the county, then click to the specific data.", "bKSSTANni6y-00191-00091330-00091850": "It would help the reader know exactly where the data came from. Think of it as another", "bKSSTANni6y-00192-00091850-00092312": "point of reference, like a timestamp or paragraph number.", "bKSSTANni6y-00193-00092312-00092962": "Finally, we’ll connect the in-text citations to their references.", "bKSSTANni6y-00194-00092962-00093419": "In this example, I needed to cite some data from a map in a figure from the report of", "bKSSTANni6y-00195-00093419-00093601": "the Boston Public Health Commission.", "bKSSTANni6y-00196-00093601-00094201": "I want to point out that this report has twelve authors listed in a preliminary page, and", "bKSSTANni6y-00197-00094201-00094776": "three key executives on the cover page, so it’s hard to know how to cite authorship.", "bKSSTANni6y-00198-00094776-00095262": "The APA manual states well that, “sometimes it can be difficult to know whether to credit", "bKSSTANni6y-00199-00095262-00095845": "a group author or the individuals who wrote on behalf of that group … To confirm, consult", "bKSSTANni6y-00200-00095845-00096423": "the cover or title page of the work. If the cover or title page lists only the name of", "bKSSTANni6y-00201-00096423-00096972": "the group (and no names of the individuals), treat the reference as having a group author”", "bKSSTANni6y-00202-00096972-00097125": "(APA, 2020, p. 288).", "bKSSTANni6y-00203-00097125-00097505": "It’s clear now that this example should use a group author.", "bKSSTANni6y-00204-00097505-00097995": "Next, the year is placed in parentheses and punctuated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00205-00097995-00098564": "The title of the report is formatted in sentence case, italicized, and punctuated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00206-00098564-00099114": "In this example, sentence case is not apparent because the proper nouns are capitalized.", "bKSSTANni6y-00207-00099114-00099672": "This example also does not have report number, otherwise it, or some other identifying number", "bKSSTANni6y-00208-00099672-00100164": "would be placed in parentheses in regular format.", "bKSSTANni6y-00209-00100164-00100686": "The publisher’s name is then placed after the report title, capitalized and punctuated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00210-00100686-00101275": "If the group author is the same as the publisher’s name, you can omit the publisher’s information.", "bKSSTANni6y-00211-00101275-00102238": "Lastly, the URL finishes the reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00212-00102238-00102756": "Gray literature consists of a wide variety of documents such as policy briefs, press", "bKSSTANni6y-00213-00102756-00103252": "releases, grants, and other unique forms of publication therefore, descriptions in square", "bKSSTANni6y-00214-00103252-00103697": "brackets might be an appropriate element for this type of reference because it provides", "bKSSTANni6y-00215-00103697-00104177": "your reader with information for easy identification and retrieval.", "bKSSTANni6y-00216-00104177-00104660": "The information cited in this source is collected and distributed by County Health Rankings", "bKSSTANni6y-00217-00104660-00105508": "& Roadmaps and might be best represented as a group author.", "bKSSTANni6y-00218-00105508-00105900": "The publication date is followed in parentheses and punctuated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00219-00105900-00106333": "The title of this gray literature is in sentence case and italicized.", "bKSSTANni6y-00220-00106333-00106766": "If applicable add a description in square brackets then punctuate.", "bKSSTANni6y-00221-00106766-00107201": "In this example our source is described as an “online state report” though this could", "bKSSTANni6y-00222-00107201-00107708": "be described as a data set or state data. The point is that the reader should understand", "bKSSTANni6y-00223-00107708-00108171": "the nature of the information for the purpose of identification and retrieval.", "bKSSTANni6y-00224-00108171-00108598": "You’ll notice that the publisher’s name is the same as the group author, so we can", "bKSSTANni6y-00225-00108598-00108855": "omit the publisher’s information.", "bKSSTANni6y-00226-00108855-00109370": "The URL is place at the end, but because this is an online state report, the content may", "bKSSTANni6y-00227-00109370-00109836": "be subject to regular updates, even though the data is sorted by year. So, I added a", "bKSSTANni6y-00228-00109836-00110329": "retrieval date. This way the reader knows when the information was accessed in case", "bKSSTANni6y-00229-00110329-00110680": "new information is added at a later time.", "bKSSTANni6y-00230-00110680-00111342": "Let’s say you need to conduct a couple of personal interviews for an assignment, for", "bKSSTANni6y-00231-00111342-00111833": "example, a telephone interview with registered nurse to learn about the problem of community", "bKSSTANni6y-00232-00111833-00112261": "falls among elders living in the Hyde Park section of Boston.", "bKSSTANni6y-00233-00112261-00112716": "This type of information in APA is referred to as a personal communication, such as an", "bKSSTANni6y-00234-00112716-00113076": "email, telephone conversation, text message, or other.", "bKSSTANni6y-00235-00113076-00113422": "You only need to cite personal communications in the text.", "bKSSTANni6y-00236-00113422-00113864": "The reason for this is because this type of information is not recoverable, at least not", "bKSSTANni6y-00237-00113864-00114214": "for your reader, unless it’s archived.", "bKSSTANni6y-00238-00114214-00114607": "Cite the personal communication by adding the interviewee’s first initials followed", "bKSSTANni6y-00239-00114607-00115157": "by last name. Then type the words “personal communication” in lower case, followed by", "bKSSTANni6y-00240-00115157-00115667": "date in parentheses.", "bKSSTANni6y-00241-00115667-00116048": "Citation tools can save you a lot of time. They are particularly helpful with journal", "bKSSTANni6y-00242-00116048-00116229": "articles and books.", "bKSSTANni6y-00243-00116229-00116885": "Here is an example of the cite button in the CINAHL library database.", "bKSSTANni6y-00244-00116885-00118004": "Here is an example of the cite button in our library catalog.", "bKSSTANni6y-00245-00118004-00119124": "This example shows the citation tool button in the video database called Kanopy.", "bKSSTANni6y-00246-00119124-00119535": "Google Scholar also has a cite button.", "bKSSTANni6y-00247-00119535-00120514": "There are very good free citation tools such as Mendelay and Zotero with built in functions", "bKSSTANni6y-00248-00120514-00120980": "that help you manage and organize your references. Feel free to ask us about them. We can help", "bKSSTANni6y-00249-00120980-00121253": "you with that.", "bKSSTANni6y-00250-00121253-00121954": "It’s a good idea to quickly check references generated by citation tools because they often", "bKSSTANni6y-00251-00121954-00122386": "produce errors, and that’s understandable because references and citation generators", "bKSSTANni6y-00252-00122386-00122617": "are a little complicated.", "bKSSTANni6y-00253-00122617-00123130": "Using the citation button in CINAHL, we can see that the author is not cited correctly.", "bKSSTANni6y-00254-00123130-00123623": "The last name of the article is Hooper. Webb is the middle name. It’s possible that the", "bKSSTANni6y-00255-00123623-00124117": "citation generator figured the second listed name as the author’s last name. Anyway,", "bKSSTANni6y-00256-00124117-00124660": "we can easily modify this reference to show the last name and initials.", "bKSSTANni6y-00257-00124660-00125125": "The other error is in the title of the journal article which should be in sentence case - only", "bKSSTANni6y-00258-00125125-00125598": "the first word of the title and subtitle are capitalized (including all proper nouns).", "bKSSTANni6y-00259-00125598-00126222": "The error also is easy to fix after you copy and paste the reference into your text editor.", "bKSSTANni6y-00260-00126222-00126864": "The cite button in the library catalog shows the place of publication for a book reference.", "bKSSTANni6y-00261-00126864-00127609": "The information for place of publication isn’t necessary in APA, so we can omit it.", "bKSSTANni6y-00262-00127609-00128084": "Moving to the film, you’ll see that this copy of the reference from the Kanopy database", "bKSSTANni6y-00263-00128084-00128551": "doesn’t show anyone in the author’s place, and the title of the film should be in sentence", "bKSSTANni6y-00264-00128551-00129066": "case and italicized. The retrieval date is interesting because it involves the database", "bKSSTANni6y-00265-00129066-00129540": "from which this film was viewed, but this won’t be necessary.", "bKSSTANni6y-00266-00129540-00129963": "You could manage this citation by adding the director, the series, and a few formatting", "bKSSTANni6y-00267-00129963-00130355": "changes that were mentioned. If you don’t see the director’s name, try checking the", "bKSSTANni6y-00268-00130355-00130985": "credits at the beginning or end of the film.", "bKSSTANni6y-00269-00130985-00131408": "The Google Scholar cite button was very accurate for the most part, but you’ll notice the", "bKSSTANni6y-00270-00131408-00131884": "journal title JAMA should be in all caps as it stands for the Journal of the American", "bKSSTANni6y-00271-00131884-00132589": "Medical Association and is well known enough for using that acronym.", "bKSSTANni6y-00272-00132589-00133033": "Try not to worry about the minutia of APA rules, you have our support at the library", "bKSSTANni6y-00273-00133033-00133695": "concerning research. Go to Simmons Library Home page where you can chat, call, email,", "bKSSTANni6y-00274-00133695-00133855": "or meet by video.", "bKSSTANni6y-00275-00133855-00134121": "Talk to you soon!"}}, {"audio_id": "bLy72idmMVu", "text": {"bLy72idmMVu-00000-00000325-00000496": "- Hello, good evening.", "bLy72idmMVu-00001-00000496-00000775": "It's great to see everybody here.", "bLy72idmMVu-00002-00000775-00000977": "It's a delight for me to introduce tonight's", "bLy72idmMVu-00003-00000977-00001201": "Ideas Festival speaker to you.", "bLy72idmMVu-00004-00001201-00001434": "I'm Steven Collicott, I'm a Professor in the", "bLy72idmMVu-00005-00001434-00001581": "School of Aeronautics and Astronautics", "bLy72idmMVu-00006-00001581-00001846": "in the College of Engineering here at Purdue.", "bLy72idmMVu-00007-00001846-00002127": "And I am also the Associate Head for Engagement", "bLy72idmMVu-00008-00002127-00002420": "in the school and so introducing", "bLy72idmMVu-00009-00002420-00002836": "such an engaging speaker as my friend, Dr. Alan Stern", "bLy72idmMVu-00010-00002836-00003149": "tonight is one of my very enjoyable tasks.", "bLy72idmMVu-00011-00003149-00003385": "Our program tonight has two parts.", "bLy72idmMVu-00012-00003385-00003686": "First will be a presentation by Dr. Stern", "bLy72idmMVu-00013-00003686-00003947": "and the second part, we have some question and answer,", "bLy72idmMVu-00014-00003947-00004188": "and you'll see the microphones down front here.", "bLy72idmMVu-00015-00004188-00004456": "You'll need to come down front to those", "bLy72idmMVu-00016-00004456-00004879": "and Alan will, he'll point at whose turn it is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00017-00004879-00005092": "This event is recorded and live-streamed,", "bLy72idmMVu-00018-00005092-00005315": "just for your information there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00019-00005315-00005539": "We do ultimately have a time limit tonight.", "bLy72idmMVu-00020-00005539-00005766": "I will be the bad guy who comes out and says,", "bLy72idmMVu-00021-00005766-00005973": "\"Okay, we only have time for two more questions,\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00022-00005973-00006205": "and I apologize in advance for that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00023-00006317-00006541": "So Dr. Alan Stern is presently", "bLy72idmMVu-00024-00006541-00006805": "the Associate Vice President of Space, Science", "bLy72idmMVu-00025-00006805-00007113": "and Engineering Division at Southwest Research Institute", "bLy72idmMVu-00026-00007113-00007309": "in Boulder, Colorado.", "bLy72idmMVu-00027-00007309-00007525": "But that job title is really far too bland", "bLy72idmMVu-00028-00007525-00007938": "to describe what Alan does each day.", "bLy72idmMVu-00029-00007938-00008122": "We welcome Alan here in his role,", "bLy72idmMVu-00030-00008122-00008370": "his much better known role as the principal investigator", "bLy72idmMVu-00031-00008370-00008610": "of the New Horizons mission, and", "bLy72idmMVu-00032-00008775-00009154": "which means he is the top person,", "bLy72idmMVu-00033-00009154-00009474": "starting with writing a successful proposal", "bLy72idmMVu-00034-00009474-00009668": "with the team to, all the way through", "bLy72idmMVu-00035-00009668-00009969": "all the science content and the mission operations,", "bLy72idmMVu-00036-00009969-00010309": "and so what a remarkable job.", "bLy72idmMVu-00037-00010309-00010698": "And New Horizons, of course, is a team effort,", "bLy72idmMVu-00038-00010698-00010953": "and I want to point out to our students here,", "bLy72idmMVu-00039-00010953-00011237": "much like the student teams that launch", "bLy72idmMVu-00040-00011237-00011565": "suborbital science payloads, such as on", "bLy72idmMVu-00041-00011565-00011817": "Blue Origin and other commercial suborbital", "bLy72idmMVu-00042-00011817-00012129": "rocket companies, it's just like what", "bLy72idmMVu-00043-00012129-00012278": "our students are doing.", "bLy72idmMVu-00044-00012278-00012670": "So Dr. Stern's resume is both lengthy and impressive", "bLy72idmMVu-00045-00012670-00012885": "and it's too lengthy to detail here.", "bLy72idmMVu-00046-00012885-00013215": "So I just want to point out a few recent highlights for you.", "bLy72idmMVu-00047-00013215-00013437": "Alan was appointed by our nation's leadership", "bLy72idmMVu-00048-00013437-00013691": "to serve on our country's National Science Board,", "bLy72idmMVu-00049-00013691-00014041": "which directs our National Science Foundation.", "bLy72idmMVu-00050-00014041-00014339": "In the next few months, Alan will complete his duties", "bLy72idmMVu-00051-00014339-00014839": "as Chair of the NASA Planetary Protection Review Board.", "bLy72idmMVu-00052-00014839-00015182": "And another highlight, Alan has served as", "bLy72idmMVu-00053-00015182-00015401": "the NASA Associate Administrator of", "bLy72idmMVu-00054-00015401-00015613": "the Science Missions Directorate,", "bLy72idmMVu-00055-00015613-00015830": "which means he was in charge of all NASA", "bLy72idmMVu-00056-00015830-00016016": "science missions and basically reported", "bLy72idmMVu-00057-00016016-00016349": "to only one person, the NASA Administrator.", "bLy72idmMVu-00058-00016349-00016843": "And so honestly, this list of Alan's achievements", "bLy72idmMVu-00059-00016843-00017011": "goes on and on.", "bLy72idmMVu-00060-00017011-00017372": "So I'll stop here with this very abbreviated list", "bLy72idmMVu-00061-00017372-00017816": "and ask you to welcome to Purdue's Ideas Festival", "bLy72idmMVu-00062-00017816-00018118": "and our Sesquicentennial, the principal investigator", "bLy72idmMVu-00063-00018118-00018339": "of the historic and the most astounding", "bLy72idmMVu-00064-00018339-00018546": "New Horizons space exploration mission,", "bLy72idmMVu-00065-00018546-00018731": "Dr. Alan Stern.", "bLy72idmMVu-00066-00018731-00019031": "(audience applauds)", "bLy72idmMVu-00067-00019254-00019387": "- Thanks, Steve.", "bLy72idmMVu-00068-00019708-00020120": "Steve, Dr. Collicott, you're going to need these.", "bLy72idmMVu-00069-00020237-00020320": "- Oh, yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-00070-00020320-00020403": "- Hello.", "bLy72idmMVu-00071-00020512-00020739": "Well, thank you, Steve, for that great introduction.", "bLy72idmMVu-00072-00020739-00021009": "It's great to be here.", "bLy72idmMVu-00073-00021009-00021296": "The last time I was at Purdue was 10 years ago,", "bLy72idmMVu-00074-00021296-00021488": "so it's great to be back, great to talk to you", "bLy72idmMVu-00075-00021488-00021736": "about my favorite space mission of all the ones", "bLy72idmMVu-00076-00021736-00022046": "I've had the privilege of being involved in.", "bLy72idmMVu-00077-00022153-00022275": "I probably don't know most of you,", "bLy72idmMVu-00078-00022275-00022441": "so I thought we'd just get this out of the way", "bLy72idmMVu-00079-00022441-00022765": "right away, just see what kind of an audience this is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00080-00022765-00023036": "Could I have a show of hands up front", "bLy72idmMVu-00081-00023036-00023330": "for whoever thinks Pluto's a planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-00082-00023467-00023728": "Okay, good crowd, okay, all right.", "bLy72idmMVu-00083-00023728-00023778": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00084-00023778-00024149": "All right, good, so what I'm going to do", "bLy72idmMVu-00085-00024149-00024512": "is talk to you a little bit about this whole mission,", "bLy72idmMVu-00086-00024512-00024720": "this whole enterprise that ultimately involved", "bLy72idmMVu-00087-00024720-00025020": "2,500 men and women to pull this off,", "bLy72idmMVu-00088-00025020-00025413": "the farthest exploration in the history of humankind,", "bLy72idmMVu-00089-00025413-00025654": "the farthest worlds ever explored.", "bLy72idmMVu-00090-00025654-00026016": "This picture is a true color picture of Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00091-00026016-00026333": "taken by the New Horizons spacecraft on the morning of", "bLy72idmMVu-00092-00026333-00026814": "Tuesday, the 14th of July, 2015, just hours after making", "bLy72idmMVu-00093-00026814-00027314": "the first exploration of Pluto and its system of moons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00094-00027314-00027579": "This picture was taken when the spacecraft was", "bLy72idmMVu-00095-00027579-00028048": "in the shadow of Pluto for one of our experiments,", "bLy72idmMVu-00096-00028048-00028364": "and it's looking back at Pluto with its atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-00097-00028364-00028740": "in true color, it really is a blue sky, backlit by the sun.", "bLy72idmMVu-00098-00028750-00029352": "And this is not the most scientifically important image", "bLy72idmMVu-00099-00029353-00029730": "of the mission, by a longshot, but it's my favorite.", "bLy72idmMVu-00100-00029730-00029868": "It's absolutely my favorite.", "bLy72idmMVu-00101-00029868-00030104": "First, I think it's hauntingly beautiful.", "bLy72idmMVu-00102-00030295-00030493": "But second, it also has some special meaning.", "bLy72idmMVu-00103-00030493-00030733": "How many of you have seen, again a show of hands,", "bLy72idmMVu-00104-00030733-00031027": "how many of you have seen those famous Apollo 8", "bLy72idmMVu-00105-00031027-00031286": "photographs of the Earth rising over", "bLy72idmMVu-00106-00031286-00031464": "the rim of the moon, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-00107-00031464-00031629": "That meant we're really there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00108-00031748-00032246": "I worked on this project from its inception in 1989", "bLy72idmMVu-00109-00032246-00032611": "until 2015 to get it done, that's 26 years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00110-00032726-00033046": "This picture's taken from the far side of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00111-00033046-00033341": "and it took 26 years to get to the far side of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00112-00033341-00033636": "and that's why this picture is absolutely my favorite.", "bLy72idmMVu-00113-00033636-00033836": "But don't worry, I'll show you many more,", "bLy72idmMVu-00114-00033836-00034049": "and I'm going to tell you about many of the things", "bLy72idmMVu-00115-00034049-00034447": "that we learned from this truly epic journey,", "bLy72idmMVu-00116-00034447-00034697": "in which built, we designed and built a spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00117-00034697-00035040": "and flew it all the way across our solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00118-00035040-00035381": "Now that sounds like science fiction, but it's not.", "bLy72idmMVu-00119-00035381-00035767": "People working hard, mostly engineers,", "bLy72idmMVu-00120-00035767-00036041": "but also flight controllers and scientists", "bLy72idmMVu-00121-00036041-00036541": "and accountants and secretaries, public relations people", "bLy72idmMVu-00122-00036541-00036948": "formed a team and did something larger than life,", "bLy72idmMVu-00123-00036948-00037151": "because they were a team.", "bLy72idmMVu-00124-00037151-00037511": "And this is the story of New Horizons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00125-00037511-00037750": "So I have a little bit of time to tell you about it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00126-00037750-00037856": "I'm going to do that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00127-00037856-00038048": "And then I'm going to tell you about some of the nerdy science,", "bLy72idmMVu-00128-00038048-00038228": "some of the things that we discovered.", "bLy72idmMVu-00129-00038228-00038555": "And then we're going to talk about what if we return.", "bLy72idmMVu-00130-00038555-00038900": "What if we sent a spacecraft back to do a more in-depth job.", "bLy72idmMVu-00131-00038900-00039100": "I'd like to start with this picture.", "bLy72idmMVu-00132-00039100-00039355": "Who knows what this is?", "bLy72idmMVu-00133-00039456-00039703": "It's the best picture of Pluto ever made", "bLy72idmMVu-00134-00039703-00039913": "before New Horizons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00135-00039913-00040185": "This is it, this is all we had.", "bLy72idmMVu-00136-00040335-00040663": "And it's just a blob, it's just a blurry blob.", "bLy72idmMVu-00137-00040663-00040985": "And this picture was taken with the biggest", "bLy72idmMVu-00138-00040985-00041177": "and the baddest gun we have in astronomy,", "bLy72idmMVu-00139-00041177-00041294": "the Hubble Space Telescope.", "bLy72idmMVu-00140-00041294-00041449": "You cannot do better.", "bLy72idmMVu-00141-00041449-00041648": "But because of Pluto's distance,", "bLy72idmMVu-00142-00041648-00041903": "billions of miles away, literally billions", "bLy72idmMVu-00143-00041903-00042244": "of miles away, this is all you get.", "bLy72idmMVu-00144-00042244-00042515": "Now I heard some people chuckle, it's okay.", "bLy72idmMVu-00145-00042515-00042735": "I took this picture with the Hubble.", "bLy72idmMVu-00146-00042735-00042950": "I was principal investigator of this program", "bLy72idmMVu-00147-00042950-00043235": "and I can tell you, this picture was revolutionary", "bLy72idmMVu-00148-00043235-00043402": "when it was first taken.", "bLy72idmMVu-00149-00043402-00043632": "It was the first time Pluto was ever resolved,", "bLy72idmMVu-00150-00043632-00043840": "other than as a point of light.", "bLy72idmMVu-00151-00043840-00044093": "And from this, we wrote scientific papers", "bLy72idmMVu-00152-00044093-00044320": "that were peer reviewed and published,", "bLy72idmMVu-00153-00044320-00044418": "a whole series of them.", "bLy72idmMVu-00154-00044418-00044578": "Can't you see the northern polar cap?", "bLy72idmMVu-00155-00044578-00044716": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00156-00044716-00045008": "Right, really, this is tough to work", "bLy72idmMVu-00157-00045008-00045260": "from images like this, and this is why", "bLy72idmMVu-00158-00045260-00045516": "we send spacecraft to the planets,", "bLy72idmMVu-00159-00045516-00045735": "is you have to go there and be much closer.", "bLy72idmMVu-00160-00045735-00045887": "And I'd like to illustrate that point.", "bLy72idmMVu-00161-00045887-00046090": "Here is a beautiful picture of a planet,", "bLy72idmMVu-00162-00046090-00046395": "our planet, the Earth, taken from close range.", "bLy72idmMVu-00163-00046395-00046648": "And with an image like this,", "bLy72idmMVu-00164-00046648-00046847": "you can tell what's going on.", "bLy72idmMVu-00165-00046847-00046985": "You can learn that there are continents", "bLy72idmMVu-00166-00046985-00047373": "and oceans and weather patterns.", "bLy72idmMVu-00167-00047373-00047798": "You can learn a lot from just a single image like this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00168-00047798-00048079": "But how about that blurry image of Pluto?", "bLy72idmMVu-00169-00048079-00048179": "Not so much.", "bLy72idmMVu-00170-00048269-00048497": "A few years ago, right around the time", "bLy72idmMVu-00171-00048497-00048842": "of the Pluto flyby in 2015, I asked one of my postdocs,", "bLy72idmMVu-00172-00048842-00049163": "Amanda Zangari, to take this picture", "bLy72idmMVu-00173-00049163-00049492": "and pixellate it to the same resolution", "bLy72idmMVu-00174-00049492-00049915": "as the Hubble Space Telescope best ever image of Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00175-00049915-00050075": "There it is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00176-00050075-00050250": "Now what could you learn from this?", "bLy72idmMVu-00177-00050334-00050549": "It's pretty obvious, not much.", "bLy72idmMVu-00178-00050549-00050783": "Again, this is why we go to the planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-00179-00050783-00051071": "And I want to just drive that point home one more time", "bLy72idmMVu-00180-00051071-00051226": "and show you this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00181-00051226-00051469": "Who knows what we're looking at?", "bLy72idmMVu-00182-00051469-00051657": "I heard Mars.", "bLy72idmMVu-00183-00051657-00051830": "That's a good try, but it's completely wrong.", "bLy72idmMVu-00184-00051830-00052072": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00185-00052072-00052371": "You see, you really can't tell unless you go there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00186-00052371-00052666": "So it took a long time to pull this off.", "bLy72idmMVu-00187-00052666-00052874": "I said that we started in 1989.", "bLy72idmMVu-00188-00052874-00052999": "I was in graduate school.", "bLy72idmMVu-00189-00053133-00053332": "First of all, it's a very expensive enterprise", "bLy72idmMVu-00190-00053332-00053519": "to do planetary exploration.", "bLy72idmMVu-00191-00053519-00053725": "So you have to raise, in this case,", "bLy72idmMVu-00192-00053725-00053894": "about a billion dollars.", "bLy72idmMVu-00193-00053894-00054070": "And it took a very long time.", "bLy72idmMVu-00194-00054070-00054412": "It took us 14 years to get approval for the funding.", "bLy72idmMVu-00195-00054412-00054761": "And we had to try many different keys", "bLy72idmMVu-00196-00054761-00054957": "to try to unlock that door.", "bLy72idmMVu-00197-00054957-00055249": "And for the people who were at it at the beginning,", "bLy72idmMVu-00198-00055249-00055540": "making the scientific case for why we should do this,", "bLy72idmMVu-00199-00055540-00055811": "we went through a whole series of studies,", "bLy72idmMVu-00200-00055811-00056050": "and you see those there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00201-00056050-00056274": "There's Voyager on the left that was the precursor", "bLy72idmMVu-00202-00056274-00056632": "to new Horizons, but then there was Pluto 350,", "bLy72idmMVu-00203-00056632-00056952": "and then Mariner Mark II, and then Pluto Fast Flyby,", "bLy72idmMVu-00204-00056952-00057091": "and so forth and so on.", "bLy72idmMVu-00205-00057091-00057359": "And every one of those failed to ever get off", "bLy72idmMVu-00206-00057359-00057541": "the drawing board, to ever get funded.", "bLy72idmMVu-00207-00057541-00057764": "We tried different approaches that delivered", "bLy72idmMVu-00208-00057764-00057980": "different amounts of science at different costs", "bLy72idmMVu-00209-00057980-00058139": "with different speeds for the mission", "bLy72idmMVu-00210-00058139-00058438": "and other combinations of parameters.", "bLy72idmMVu-00211-00058438-00058734": "Only New Horizons, the right-most spacecraft drawing", "bLy72idmMVu-00212-00058734-00058979": "in that picture, ever got off the drawing board.", "bLy72idmMVu-00213-00058979-00059191": "All the rest were just paper studies,", "bLy72idmMVu-00214-00059191-00059641": "but every time that we failed, we had to look at ourselves", "bLy72idmMVu-00215-00059641-00059844": "and say, \"How bad do you want this?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00216-00059844-00060226": "\"Because that didn't work, if we really want to do this,", "bLy72idmMVu-00217-00060226-00060451": "\"we need to try something else.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00218-00060562-00060836": "That was pretty easy the first couple of times.", "bLy72idmMVu-00219-00060836-00061114": "But it really took persistence.", "bLy72idmMVu-00220-00061114-00061285": "We could've walked off the stage.", "bLy72idmMVu-00221-00061285-00061458": "We could've, after two or three tries,", "bLy72idmMVu-00222-00061458-00061713": "said, \"We tried everything we can think of.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00223-00061713-00061916": "There's that old fighter pilot saying, you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-00224-00061916-00062044": "the plane is crashing, and he said,", "bLy72idmMVu-00225-00062044-00062215": "\"I've tried A, I've tried B, I've tried C,", "bLy72idmMVu-00226-00062215-00062370": "\"I've tried everything I can think of,", "bLy72idmMVu-00227-00062370-00062586": "\"now what do I do, what do I think of next?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00228-00062586-00062833": "And that's kind of how we treated this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00229-00062833-00063008": "We really went to the mat for it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00230-00063008-00063364": "And there are a few dozen people in this country", "bLy72idmMVu-00231-00063364-00063695": "who stuck with this from 1989 until 2003,", "bLy72idmMVu-00232-00063695-00063804": "when we got it funded.", "bLy72idmMVu-00233-00063924-00064154": "The reason we really ultimately got it funded", "bLy72idmMVu-00234-00064154-00064371": "is because of a very important discovery,", "bLy72idmMVu-00235-00064371-00064710": "maybe the most revolutionary discovery in my field,", "bLy72idmMVu-00236-00064710-00064888": "in the field of planetary science,", "bLy72idmMVu-00237-00064888-00065098": "in the late 20th century.", "bLy72idmMVu-00238-00065098-00065446": "And that was that unlike the way that many of us", "bLy72idmMVu-00239-00065446-00065788": "were taught, the solar system does not just", "bLy72idmMVu-00240-00065788-00066150": "consist of four little rocky planets near the sun", "bLy72idmMVu-00241-00066150-00066412": "and four giant planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,", "bLy72idmMVu-00242-00066412-00066566": "and Neptune, somewhat further out,", "bLy72idmMVu-00243-00066566-00066936": "with a little footnote called Pluto orbiting farther.", "bLy72idmMVu-00244-00066936-00067164": "Pluto actually turned out in the 1990s", "bLy72idmMVu-00245-00067164-00067492": "to be the first discovered of a whole population", "bLy72idmMVu-00246-00067492-00067726": "of small planets we now call dwarf planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-00247-00067726-00067966": "And you see these worlds here.", "bLy72idmMVu-00248-00067966-00068310": "We believe, we have discovered almost two dozen of them,", "bLy72idmMVu-00249-00068310-00068501": "they're the size of continents.", "bLy72idmMVu-00250-00068501-00068760": "Pluto itself is about the size of North America.", "bLy72idmMVu-00251-00068760-00068932": "So it's a big place.", "bLy72idmMVu-00252-00068932-00069196": "But these are still much smaller worlds.", "bLy72idmMVu-00253-00069196-00069496": "And we believe, from forensic evidence", "bLy72idmMVu-00254-00069496-00069753": "around the solar system, that the solar system made", "bLy72idmMVu-00255-00069753-00069996": "several hundred, or possibly a thousand,", "bLy72idmMVu-00256-00069996-00070247": "of these dwarf planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-00257-00070247-00070541": "And when it was realized that that completely reshaped", "bLy72idmMVu-00258-00070541-00070845": "our view of how planets form and the population census", "bLy72idmMVu-00259-00070845-00071073": "of our solar system, when we realized", "bLy72idmMVu-00260-00071073-00071232": "that all of the first five decades", "bLy72idmMVu-00261-00071232-00071624": "of planetary exploration had concentrated", "bLy72idmMVu-00262-00071624-00071872": "on the four rocky terrestrial planets", "bLy72idmMVu-00263-00071872-00072087": "and the four giant planets, but we hadn't been", "bLy72idmMVu-00264-00072087-00072265": "to the most populous class of planet", "bLy72idmMVu-00265-00072265-00072542": "in the solar system, that's what caused", "bLy72idmMVu-00266-00072542-00072806": "our National Academy of Sciences to rank this", "bLy72idmMVu-00267-00072806-00073181": "as the number one priority for planetary exploration,", "bLy72idmMVu-00268-00073181-00073393": "is the first mission to the dwarf planets,", "bLy72idmMVu-00269-00073393-00073650": "the first mission - this whole new class.", "bLy72idmMVu-00270-00073838-00074098": "And then NASA conducted a competition.", "bLy72idmMVu-00271-00074098-00074242": "So NASA announced that there would be", "bLy72idmMVu-00272-00074242-00074561": "a mission to Pluto and any team could form", "bLy72idmMVu-00273-00074561-00074770": "and send a proposal in by a certain date,", "bLy72idmMVu-00274-00074770-00074983": "as long as that proposal met a certain list", "bLy72idmMVu-00275-00074983-00075270": "of scientific objectives and could fit", "bLy72idmMVu-00276-00075270-00075481": "within a certain cost cap and could accomplish", "bLy72idmMVu-00277-00075481-00075654": "the mission by a certain date,", "bLy72idmMVu-00278-00075654-00075870": "which by the way, was the year 2020.", "bLy72idmMVu-00279-00075962-00076189": "And as long as you could meet those three criteria,", "bLy72idmMVu-00280-00076189-00076320": "anybody could propose.", "bLy72idmMVu-00281-00076320-00076662": "So we formed a team called New Horizons", "bLy72idmMVu-00282-00076662-00076924": "and there were competitor teams from other institutions.", "bLy72idmMVu-00283-00076924-00077094": "And all of us had the same amount of time,", "bLy72idmMVu-00284-00077094-00077369": "and we turned in proposals that were about that thick,", "bLy72idmMVu-00285-00077369-00077605": "like an old New York City phone book or something,", "bLy72idmMVu-00286-00077605-00077945": "with engineering designs and project designs", "bLy72idmMVu-00287-00077945-00078259": "and budgets and management plans and everything else.", "bLy72idmMVu-00288-00078259-00078580": "And then NASA had experts review all those proposals", "bLy72idmMVu-00289-00078580-00078835": "and they conducted oral examinations and quizzed us", "bLy72idmMVu-00290-00078835-00079022": "on the things that we weren't clear about,", "bLy72idmMVu-00291-00079022-00079329": "and at the end of that process, they selected our mission,", "bLy72idmMVu-00292-00079329-00079667": "New Horizons, in November of 2001.", "bLy72idmMVu-00293-00079667-00080000": "Now there's an old story, it's a true story,", "bLy72idmMVu-00294-00080000-00080299": "by the way, that the day that John Kennedy,", "bLy72idmMVu-00295-00080299-00080514": "President Kennedy, announced that", "bLy72idmMVu-00296-00080653-00080860": "the Apollo program was being started,", "bLy72idmMVu-00297-00080860-00081050": "which NASA had wanted for years,", "bLy72idmMVu-00298-00081050-00081389": "to land humans on the moon, that the head of NASA", "bLy72idmMVu-00299-00081389-00081637": "called a meeting of the senior staff and said,", "bLy72idmMVu-00300-00081637-00081763": "\"Well, we got what we asked for,", "bLy72idmMVu-00301-00081763-00081956": "\"now what do we do?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00302-00081956-00082191": "That's how we felt when we won New Horizons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00303-00082191-00082449": "Because the award letter that I got from NASA,", "bLy72idmMVu-00304-00082449-00082709": "\"Dear Dr. Stern, we are please to inform you,\"", "bLy72idmMVu-00305-00082709-00083090": "gave us a budget that was only 20%", "bLy72idmMVu-00306-00083090-00083271": "of the budget of Voyager,", "bLy72idmMVu-00307-00083402-00083586": "two dimes on the dollar.", "bLy72idmMVu-00308-00083586-00083850": "So we were basically asked to do something", "bLy72idmMVu-00309-00083850-00084018": "that had never been done before,", "bLy72idmMVu-00310-00084018-00084290": "not just go to the farthest worlds,", "bLy72idmMVu-00311-00084290-00084550": "but to do it at a breakthrough price point.", "bLy72idmMVu-00312-00084550-00084842": "And we were given a launch window", "bLy72idmMVu-00313-00084842-00085014": "that was only four years in the future,", "bLy72idmMVu-00314-00085014-00085373": "about half as long as any previous deep space mission", "bLy72idmMVu-00315-00085373-00085543": "like this had taken to build it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00316-00085543-00085696": "So we had to do it twice as fast,", "bLy72idmMVu-00317-00085696-00085938": "five times less expensively.", "bLy72idmMVu-00318-00085938-00086086": "And so then we got started.", "bLy72idmMVu-00319-00086086-00086450": "And to make this work, we had to make many compromises.", "bLy72idmMVu-00320-00086450-00086675": "I like to think they were intelligent compromises.", "bLy72idmMVu-00321-00086675-00086978": "For example, we built a fully redundant spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00322-00086978-00087338": "so that every system is twinned inside.", "bLy72idmMVu-00323-00087338-00087497": "There's two sets of thrusters and two sets of", "bLy72idmMVu-00324-00087497-00087760": "navigation units, two sets of radios,", "bLy72idmMVu-00325-00087760-00088001": "two sets of everything,", "bLy72idmMVu-00326-00088001-00088265": "with only a couple of exceptions.", "bLy72idmMVu-00327-00088265-00088535": "But we couldn't afford two rockets", "bLy72idmMVu-00328-00088535-00088675": "and two spacecraft.", "bLy72idmMVu-00329-00088675-00088941": "So unlike Voyager or the Pioneers, or if you know", "bLy72idmMVu-00330-00088941-00089110": "the history of robotic space exploration,", "bLy72idmMVu-00331-00089110-00089408": "unlike those early missions, like the Mariners,", "bLy72idmMVu-00332-00089408-00089613": "we couldn't afford to fly two in case", "bLy72idmMVu-00333-00089613-00089843": "one didn't get it right, or one blew up", "bLy72idmMVu-00334-00089843-00090131": "at the launch pad, or one failed in flight.", "bLy72idmMVu-00335-00090131-00090398": "We had to build a very reliable single spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00336-00090398-00090509": "to do this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00337-00090509-00090661": "We had to make other choices.", "bLy72idmMVu-00338-00090661-00090800": "I'll give you an example.", "bLy72idmMVu-00339-00090800-00091063": "On the side of that spacecraft drawing,", "bLy72idmMVu-00340-00091063-00091284": "sort of towards the top, and I don't have a laser", "bLy72idmMVu-00341-00091284-00091639": "in my hand, but you see that gray affair that's", "bLy72idmMVu-00342-00091639-00091978": "sticking out, looks sort of like a hair curler?", "bLy72idmMVu-00343-00091978-00092258": "It's not a hair curler, it's a nuclear power generator.", "bLy72idmMVu-00344-00092258-00092421": "And because we're going so far from the sun,", "bLy72idmMVu-00345-00092421-00092753": "we couldn't afford, there's no way to use solar arrays,", "bLy72idmMVu-00346-00092753-00092947": "because the sunlight is so faint.", "bLy72idmMVu-00347-00092947-00093263": "But those nuclear power generators, called RTGs,", "bLy72idmMVu-00348-00093263-00093615": "cost almost $100 million a pop.", "bLy72idmMVu-00349-00093615-00094115": "Couldn't afford to have two, like the Voyagers.", "bLy72idmMVu-00350-00094178-00094436": "Or four, like the Cassini probe to Saturn.", "bLy72idmMVu-00351-00094436-00094561": "We could only afford one.", "bLy72idmMVu-00352-00094651-00094940": "So we had to make compromises in our communications system", "bLy72idmMVu-00353-00094940-00095270": "that to get it in the power budget, 'cause we could only have", "bLy72idmMVu-00354-00095270-00095608": "a certain amount of power, in order to to make", "bLy72idmMVu-00355-00095608-00095862": "the mission affordable, that gave us very low data rates.", "bLy72idmMVu-00356-00095862-00096193": "So then when we got to Pluto, we knew it would take us", "bLy72idmMVu-00357-00096193-00096431": "more than a year to transmit all the data back", "bLy72idmMVu-00358-00096431-00096593": "to the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-00359-00096593-00096769": "Had we had higher power transmitters", "bLy72idmMVu-00360-00096769-00097070": "and more power by having more nuclear power generators,", "bLy72idmMVu-00361-00097070-00097295": "we could have gotten all that data back very quickly.", "bLy72idmMVu-00362-00097295-00097544": "That's an example of these intelligent compromises", "bLy72idmMVu-00363-00097544-00097644": "that we had to make.", "bLy72idmMVu-00364-00097771-00097913": "Another thing I want to talk about,", "bLy72idmMVu-00365-00097913-00098126": "because there's so many students here", "bLy72idmMVu-00366-00098126-00098394": "who will be involved in, some of them", "bLy72idmMVu-00367-00098394-00098631": "in space exploration, more of them more generally", "bLy72idmMVu-00368-00098631-00098872": "in aerospace, but whatever you're involved in,", "bLy72idmMVu-00369-00098995-00099234": "it took tremendous commitment from the team", "bLy72idmMVu-00370-00099234-00099720": "of men and women who had only those four years", "bLy72idmMVu-00371-00099720-00100066": "to design, build, test, and launch that spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-00372-00100066-00100285": "and realize that that launch window that we had", "bLy72idmMVu-00373-00100285-00100622": "in January of 2006, which was three weeks long,", "bLy72idmMVu-00374-00100622-00101122": "was the only launch window to Pluto for another decade.", "bLy72idmMVu-00375-00101199-00101426": "Had we missed that launch window,", "bLy72idmMVu-00376-00101426-00101721": "we would not have launched until the middle of this decade.", "bLy72idmMVu-00377-00101828-00102051": "So people were working, and I'm not exaggerating,", "bLy72idmMVu-00378-00102051-00102274": "people were working 52 weeks a year,", "bLy72idmMVu-00379-00102274-00102592": "nights and weekends, for four years and two months,", "bLy72idmMVu-00380-00102592-00102777": "to make this happen.", "bLy72idmMVu-00381-00102777-00102977": "And the commitment that this team showed", "bLy72idmMVu-00382-00103068-00103217": "I think is almost unparalleled.", "bLy72idmMVu-00383-00103217-00103572": "And I can't tell you, as the principle investigator,", "bLy72idmMVu-00384-00103572-00103873": "the PI I like to say, I like to say PI often stands", "bLy72idmMVu-00385-00103873-00104304": "for the principle instigator, how proud I was of this team.", "bLy72idmMVu-00386-00104304-00104517": "Because no matter how many problems we encountered,", "bLy72idmMVu-00387-00104517-00104729": "they overcame every single one of them.", "bLy72idmMVu-00388-00104729-00105040": "I never heard people complain, it's my anniversary,", "bLy72idmMVu-00389-00105040-00105433": "it's my birthday, it's this or that, they just worked.", "bLy72idmMVu-00390-00105433-00105708": "They were on a mission, in every sense of the word.", "bLy72idmMVu-00391-00105815-00105978": "So this is the spacecraft that we built.", "bLy72idmMVu-00392-00105978-00106160": "This is New Horizons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00393-00106160-00106522": "This is a picture taken of New Horizons down in Florida,", "bLy72idmMVu-00394-00106522-00106701": "just a few weeks before we put it up on top", "bLy72idmMVu-00395-00106701-00107106": "of our launch vehicle to send it on its journey.", "bLy72idmMVu-00396-00107106-00107307": "I like this picture for a lot of reasons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00397-00107307-00107470": "One is there are people standing all around it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00398-00107470-00107711": "So you can see it's very small.", "bLy72idmMVu-00399-00107711-00107881": "The whole spacecraft is about the size", "bLy72idmMVu-00400-00107881-00108069": "of a baby grand piano.", "bLy72idmMVu-00401-00108069-00108199": "It only weighs about a thousand pounds", "bLy72idmMVu-00402-00108199-00108349": "with the fuel that's on board.", "bLy72idmMVu-00403-00108450-00108608": "You can see the dish antenna at the top", "bLy72idmMVu-00404-00108608-00108845": "that we used to communicate with the Earth,", "bLy72idmMVu-00405-00108845-00109100": "you can see the power generator, the RTG,", "bLy72idmMVu-00406-00109100-00109357": "that I spoke about a few minutes ago,", "bLy72idmMVu-00407-00109357-00109613": "protruding over to the left.", "bLy72idmMVu-00408-00109613-00109875": "And you can see the super structure of the spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-00409-00109875-00110240": "because all the gold shiny thermal blankets", "bLy72idmMVu-00410-00110240-00110354": "haven't been installed yet.", "bLy72idmMVu-00411-00110354-00110538": "So you really get a feeling for what", "bLy72idmMVu-00412-00110538-00110717": "the spacecraft truly looks like", "bLy72idmMVu-00413-00110717-00110899": "when you open the hood.", "bLy72idmMVu-00414-00111007-00111252": "And then this is our launch vehicle, the Atlas V,", "bLy72idmMVu-00415-00111436-00111605": "built by Lockheed Martin, now built", "bLy72idmMVu-00416-00111605-00111784": "by United Launch Alliance, but this was", "bLy72idmMVu-00417-00111784-00112088": "before ULA existed.", "bLy72idmMVu-00418-00112088-00112307": "This is a very large rocket.", "bLy72idmMVu-00419-00112307-00112568": "Now when I was a little boy,", "bLy72idmMVu-00420-00112568-00112790": "I used to shoot off model rockets.", "bLy72idmMVu-00421-00112790-00113107": "And I used to mow lawns and wash cars,", "bLy72idmMVu-00422-00113107-00113417": "to get money to get better and better rockets all the time.", "bLy72idmMVu-00423-00113417-00113599": "You can't imagine how much fun it was for me", "bLy72idmMVu-00424-00113599-00113696": "to order this baby.", "bLy72idmMVu-00425-00113696-00113954": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00426-00113954-00114195": "Because we really wanted performance.", "bLy72idmMVu-00427-00114195-00114415": "We built a very small lightweight spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00428-00114415-00114782": "and we bought the biggest rocket anybody would sell us.", "bLy72idmMVu-00429-00114782-00115032": "This is the biggest rocket in the US launch inventory", "bLy72idmMVu-00430-00115032-00115268": "at that time, 12 years ago,", "bLy72idmMVu-00431-00115268-00115569": "and we bought it with every upgrade in the book,", "bLy72idmMVu-00432-00115569-00115664": "it was so much fun.", "bLy72idmMVu-00433-00115750-00115930": "I'll take all five solid rocket boosters,", "bLy72idmMVu-00434-00115930-00116156": "the lightweight nose cone, everything.", "bLy72idmMVu-00435-00116156-00116355": "We'll put a special purpose third stage on board", "bLy72idmMVu-00436-00116355-00116533": "that nobody had ever done before.", "bLy72idmMVu-00437-00116533-00116863": "We really souped this baby up, and it's big.", "bLy72idmMVu-00438-00116863-00117143": "If you go down to Indianapolis sometime,", "bLy72idmMVu-00439-00117143-00117417": "go downtown and find a 25-story building.", "bLy72idmMVu-00440-00117417-00117630": "That's how big this rocket is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00441-00117630-00117783": "It's big.", "bLy72idmMVu-00442-00117783-00118038": "And I'm going to show you a video of the launch", "bLy72idmMVu-00443-00118038-00118136": "in a few minutes.", "bLy72idmMVu-00444-00118136-00118397": "So when you watch this, it's hard to appreciate,", "bLy72idmMVu-00445-00118397-00118676": "even on a big screen, this is a downtown building", "bLy72idmMVu-00446-00118676-00118993": "taking off vertically, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-00447-00118993-00119305": "You will see the rocket not just launch,", "bLy72idmMVu-00448-00119305-00119514": "it'll leap off the launch pad, because we basically", "bLy72idmMVu-00449-00119514-00119603": "launched it empty.", "bLy72idmMVu-00450-00119603-00119950": "This thing is built to launch school bus size satellites,", "bLy72idmMVu-00451-00119950-00120328": "and we put this little New Horizons hood ornament on it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00452-00120432-00120622": "And so, it lifts off at two G's,", "bLy72idmMVu-00453-00120622-00120821": "you'll see it cross a cloud deck", "bLy72idmMVu-00454-00120821-00120966": "about 10 seconds after launch,", "bLy72idmMVu-00455-00120966-00121207": "it's two miles high.", "bLy72idmMVu-00456-00121207-00121540": "The downtown building is now 10,000 feet high.", "bLy72idmMVu-00457-00121540-00121754": "It went supersonic in half a minute.", "bLy72idmMVu-00458-00121899-00122199": "And eight minutes after it left the pad,", "bLy72idmMVu-00459-00122199-00122436": "it was orbiting the Earth at 18,000 miles an hour", "bLy72idmMVu-00460-00122436-00122571": "to get started.", "bLy72idmMVu-00461-00122571-00122681": "So you'll have a chance to see this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00462-00122681-00122838": "But I did want to make one other point.", "bLy72idmMVu-00463-00122838-00123159": "How many of you ever built model rockets?", "bLy72idmMVu-00464-00123159-00123500": "Okay, great, actually more than think Pluto is a planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-00465-00123500-00123657": "Okay, well that's all right.", "bLy72idmMVu-00466-00123657-00123957": "So when I built model rockets, I could never get", "bLy72idmMVu-00467-00123957-00124200": "the decal on straight, and I just want to point out", "bLy72idmMVu-00468-00124200-00124419": "that NASA has figured that technology out.", "bLy72idmMVu-00469-00124419-00124502": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00470-00124502-00124647": "Went on perfect, this a big decal,", "bLy72idmMVu-00471-00124647-00124770": "you can see the people next to it,", "bLy72idmMVu-00472-00124770-00124880": "that worked perfectly.", "bLy72idmMVu-00473-00125025-00125250": "And I also want to show this picture,", "bLy72idmMVu-00474-00125250-00125592": "which is, this is New Horizons inside the nose cone", "bLy72idmMVu-00475-00125592-00125853": "of this monster, Atlas V.", "bLy72idmMVu-00476-00125853-00126093": "That's the nuclear power generator", "bLy72idmMVu-00477-00126093-00126204": "that's protruding right there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00478-00126204-00126475": "This was the day that we fueled", "bLy72idmMVu-00479-00126475-00126763": "the nuclear power generator with the plutonium,", "bLy72idmMVu-00480-00126763-00127128": "glowing hot, at a couple thousand degrees.", "bLy72idmMVu-00481-00127128-00127296": "And then it was radioactively hot,", "bLy72idmMVu-00482-00127296-00127566": "and so we wanted to close the hatch on the rocket", "bLy72idmMVu-00483-00127566-00127961": "so that radiation would be absorbed by the hatch.", "bLy72idmMVu-00484-00128061-00128315": "And as soon as they fueled it,", "bLy72idmMVu-00485-00128315-00128629": "they said we had time for a few pictures,", "bLy72idmMVu-00486-00128629-00128851": "so they let the senior people on the project", "bLy72idmMVu-00487-00128851-00129159": "get their pictures, and as principle investigator,", "bLy72idmMVu-00488-00129159-00129369": "I asked to go last.", "bLy72idmMVu-00489-00129369-00129705": "And in part, that was out of courtesy to the other people", "bLy72idmMVu-00490-00129705-00129959": "that had worked hard, but also I knew", "bLy72idmMVu-00491-00129959-00130118": "that this would be the last picture ever taken", "bLy72idmMVu-00492-00130118-00130254": "before the hatch was closed.", "bLy72idmMVu-00493-00130254-00130559": "This is the last time anybody ever saw this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00494-00130559-00130683": "They literally put the hatch on.", "bLy72idmMVu-00495-00130683-00130938": "And by the way, for any of you who are superstitious,", "bLy72idmMVu-00496-00130938-00131438": "this was on Friday the 13th of January, 2006.", "bLy72idmMVu-00497-00131439-00131736": "Things seemed to have worked out just fine.", "bLy72idmMVu-00498-00131736-00131911": "So let's see the launch of New Horizons,", "bLy72idmMVu-00499-00131911-00131994": "- [Launch Control] Status check.", "bLy72idmMVu-00500-00131994-00132114": "- [Alan] Just six days later. - [First Engineer] Go Atlas.", "bLy72idmMVu-00501-00132114-00132283": "- [Second Engineer] Go Centaur.", "bLy72idmMVu-00502-00132283-00132415": "- [Launch Control] This is Atlas launch control", "bLy72idmMVu-00503-00132415-00132915": "at T-minus 10, nine, eight, seven, six,", "bLy72idmMVu-00504-00132967-00133324": "five, four, three, two, one.", "bLy72idmMVu-00505-00133557-00133926": "We have ignition and liftoff of NASA's New Horizons", "bLy72idmMVu-00506-00133926-00134227": "spacecraft on a decade-long voyage to visit", "bLy72idmMVu-00507-00134227-00134502": "the planet Pluto and then beyond.", "bLy72idmMVu-00508-00134638-00134992": "- [Alan] Cleared that cloud deck.", "bLy72idmMVu-00509-00134992-00135156": "- Plus 15 seconds.", "bLy72idmMVu-00510-00135156-00135279": "Everything continues to look good", "bLy72idmMVu-00511-00135279-00135567": "as the Atlas V vehicle climbs away", "bLy72idmMVu-00512-00135567-00135745": "from Florida's east coast.", "bLy72idmMVu-00513-00135745-00135927": "The five solid rocket strap-on boosters", "bLy72idmMVu-00514-00135927-00136248": "are burning just fine, sending the New Horizons spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00515-00136248-00136544": "on its way to the very edge of our solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00516-00136627-00136886": "(upbeat music)", "bLy72idmMVu-00517-00138204-00138312": "- [Alan] Shortly, you'll have a chance to see", "bLy72idmMVu-00518-00138312-00138612": "the staging event for the solid rocket motors.", "bLy72idmMVu-00519-00138612-00138880": "Each of those casings is about 70 feet tall,", "bLy72idmMVu-00520-00138880-00139000": "so much taller than this building.", "bLy72idmMVu-00521-00139000-00139346": "They come off, as you saw, in two sets, in two waves,", "bLy72idmMVu-00522-00139346-00139538": "so they don't collide with one another.", "bLy72idmMVu-00523-00139538-00139670": "And then the vehicle can really accelerate,", "bLy72idmMVu-00524-00139670-00139874": "because it's much lighter now.", "bLy72idmMVu-00525-00139874-00140147": "Also, it's already very high above the upper fringes", "bLy72idmMVu-00526-00140147-00140267": "of the atmosphere.", "bLy72idmMVu-00527-00140267-00140505": "So watch closely, you see the two panels come off,", "bLy72idmMVu-00528-00140505-00140591": "that's the nose cone.", "bLy72idmMVu-00529-00140591-00140888": "So now the spacecraft is exposed to the space environment", "bLy72idmMVu-00530-00140888-00141249": "at the tip of the sphere, of the spear as it's accelerating", "bLy72idmMVu-00531-00141249-00141383": "to orbital speed.", "bLy72idmMVu-00532-00141473-00141731": "(upbeat music)", "bLy72idmMVu-00533-00141822-00142131": "- Yeah, then it went behind that cloud, that's it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00534-00142131-00142309": "In eight minutes, it was in Earth orbit,", "bLy72idmMVu-00535-00142309-00142452": "we flew halfway around the Earth", "bLy72idmMVu-00536-00142452-00142752": "to the mathematically calculated injection point", "bLy72idmMVu-00537-00142752-00143068": "to refire the engines to take us out of Earth orbit", "bLy72idmMVu-00538-00143068-00143363": "and on our way to Jupiter for a gravity assist.", "bLy72idmMVu-00539-00143363-00143523": "And this spacecraft is so light", "bLy72idmMVu-00540-00143523-00143753": "and this rocket's so powerful, that when we launched", "bLy72idmMVu-00541-00143753-00143994": "New Horizons, it became, and still is,", "bLy72idmMVu-00542-00143994-00144304": "the fastest spacecraft ever launched.", "bLy72idmMVu-00543-00144304-00144509": "And I could tell you Mach numbers", "bLy72idmMVu-00544-00144509-00144661": "and kilometers per hour and all that,", "bLy72idmMVu-00545-00144661-00144744": "it won't mean much.", "bLy72idmMVu-00546-00144744-00145065": "Let me illustrate how fast this spacecraft was traveling.", "bLy72idmMVu-00547-00145285-00145497": "When I was a little boy and Apollo missions", "bLy72idmMVu-00548-00145497-00145640": "would launch to the moon,", "bLy72idmMVu-00549-00145640-00145899": "they would launch at 25,000 miles an hour", "bLy72idmMVu-00550-00145899-00146022": "and, as many of you probably know,", "bLy72idmMVu-00551-00146022-00146265": "it took three days to reach the moon.", "bLy72idmMVu-00552-00146265-00146580": "New Horizons did the trip to the moon in nine hours.", "bLy72idmMVu-00553-00146580-00146691": "(audience gasps)", "bLy72idmMVu-00554-00146691-00146785": "Nine hours.", "bLy72idmMVu-00555-00146785-00146940": "And we continued at that speed", "bLy72idmMVu-00556-00146940-00147264": "across the entirety of our solar system for a decade,", "bLy72idmMVu-00557-00147264-00147598": "24/7, 52 weeks a year.", "bLy72idmMVu-00558-00147598-00148098": "Nearly a million miles per day, every day,", "bLy72idmMVu-00559-00148166-00148358": "for nine and a half years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00560-00148513-00148692": "We launched in January of 2006,", "bLy72idmMVu-00561-00148692-00148971": "we got our gravity assist from Jupiter 13 months later,", "bLy72idmMVu-00562-00148971-00149295": "fastest trip ever to Jupiter, 13 months.", "bLy72idmMVu-00563-00149295-00149653": "The previous spacecraft had taken six and a half years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00564-00149653-00149871": "And then off, across what looks like nothing,", "bLy72idmMVu-00565-00149871-00149995": "it's just on a viewgraph,", "bLy72idmMVu-00566-00149995-00150258": "oh, it's just a few inches, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-00567-00150258-00150538": "We traveled at a million miles a day or almost that", "bLy72idmMVu-00568-00150764-00151045": "throughout the entirety of two Obama administrations", "bLy72idmMVu-00569-00151045-00151373": "to cross an ocean of space,", "bLy72idmMVu-00570-00151373-00151527": "the entirety of the solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-00571-00151527-00151760": "two and a half billion miles from Jupiter,", "bLy72idmMVu-00572-00151760-00152085": "billion with a B, from Jupiter to Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00573-00152085-00152431": "which we intercepted in July of 2015.", "bLy72idmMVu-00574-00152431-00152664": "The fuzzy ring around the solar system", "bLy72idmMVu-00575-00152664-00152877": "is called the Kuiper belt, where Pluto lives,", "bLy72idmMVu-00576-00152877-00153222": "and where the dwarf planets, most of them, also live.", "bLy72idmMVu-00577-00153222-00153362": "And I'll say a little bit more about", "bLy72idmMVu-00578-00153362-00153500": "our exploration of the Kuiper belt,", "bLy72idmMVu-00579-00153500-00153715": "it came after the exploration of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00580-00153715-00153863": "later in this talk.", "bLy72idmMVu-00581-00153863-00154141": "Now the actual flyby, many of you might remember", "bLy72idmMVu-00582-00154141-00154278": "seeing pictures from Pluto as they were", "bLy72idmMVu-00583-00154278-00154379": "first coming down and everything.", "bLy72idmMVu-00584-00154379-00154597": "But it was actually a two-year flight operation.", "bLy72idmMVu-00585-00154597-00155030": "On the way, during that almost decade-long flight,", "bLy72idmMVu-00586-00155030-00155298": "we spent our time planning the assault on Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00587-00155298-00155515": "all the software for the spacecraft, all the plans,", "bLy72idmMVu-00588-00155515-00155747": "all the backup plans, all the crew training,", "bLy72idmMVu-00589-00155747-00156060": "the ground control crew, there were about 50 of us,", "bLy72idmMVu-00590-00156060-00156165": "all of that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00591-00156165-00156455": "And the spacecraft was the first spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-00592-00156455-00156649": "to extensively hibernate on the way there.", "bLy72idmMVu-00593-00156649-00156860": "So it took care of itself for the most part.", "bLy72idmMVu-00594-00156860-00157015": "We'd wake it up for course corrections,", "bLy72idmMVu-00595-00157015-00157308": "for navigating, for tests, but mostly,", "bLy72idmMVu-00596-00157308-00157549": "it was sleeping.", "bLy72idmMVu-00597-00157645-00157841": "And we on the ground were doing the work", "bLy72idmMVu-00598-00157841-00158061": "of all that planning and training and getting ready", "bLy72idmMVu-00599-00158061-00158392": "for a one-shot flyby of the Pluto system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00600-00158392-00158821": "And there's no second New Horizons if we get it wrong.", "bLy72idmMVu-00601-00158821-00159185": "There's no propulsion that lets us loop back and try again.", "bLy72idmMVu-00602-00159185-00159450": "This is a one-shot, after what was essentially", "bLy72idmMVu-00603-00159450-00159950": "a 26-year enterprise from idea to execution,", "bLy72idmMVu-00604-00160036-00160536": "and in fact, if it went wrong, that would've been that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00605-00160622-00160822": "So we did our utmost to make sure", "bLy72idmMVu-00606-00160822-00161007": "that we were prepared for everything.", "bLy72idmMVu-00607-00161156-00161345": "And it turned out, there were some twists and turns", "bLy72idmMVu-00608-00161345-00161565": "along the way, but it all worked out well.", "bLy72idmMVu-00609-00161565-00161929": "One of the challenges was a navigation challenge,", "bLy72idmMVu-00610-00161929-00162185": "which was, in order to conduct some of the experiments,", "bLy72idmMVu-00611-00162185-00162338": "we had to fly through Pluto's shadow.", "bLy72idmMVu-00612-00162338-00162531": "That picture that I showed you at the outset,", "bLy72idmMVu-00613-00162531-00162795": "taken in Pluto's shadow, proves that we did", "bLy72idmMVu-00614-00162795-00162960": "all that right, but in order to do that,", "bLy72idmMVu-00615-00162960-00163230": "we had to hit a little window in space", "bLy72idmMVu-00616-00163230-00163489": "that was only 40 by 60 miles, a little rectangle,", "bLy72idmMVu-00617-00163489-00163609": "and that sounds like a barn door,", "bLy72idmMVu-00618-00163609-00163770": "a big barn door, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-00619-00163770-00164012": "probably bigger than this county.", "bLy72idmMVu-00620-00164012-00164294": "But when you're aiming from three billion miles away,", "bLy72idmMVu-00621-00164294-00164568": "it's not a very big target to aim at.", "bLy72idmMVu-00622-00164653-00164928": "And we went right down the middle of that pike.", "bLy72idmMVu-00623-00164928-00165224": "We actually ended up only a few miles off target", "bLy72idmMVu-00624-00165224-00165373": "after all that, and that's a testament", "bLy72idmMVu-00625-00165373-00165761": "to our navigation team and our mission control team.", "bLy72idmMVu-00626-00165761-00166003": "But we also, in order to get everything right,", "bLy72idmMVu-00627-00166003-00166152": "to make all the observations worked out,", "bLy72idmMVu-00628-00166152-00166320": "Pluto, because it's moving through space", "bLy72idmMVu-00629-00166320-00166440": "at thousands of miles per hour,", "bLy72idmMVu-00630-00166440-00166612": "while the spacecraft is flying by it,", "bLy72idmMVu-00631-00166612-00166947": "32,000 miles an hour, and all of its satellites", "bLy72idmMVu-00632-00166947-00167136": "are orbiting, each at a different speed.", "bLy72idmMVu-00633-00167136-00167321": "When you work out all the arithmetic,", "bLy72idmMVu-00634-00167321-00167537": "when you do the math, we had to arrive,", "bLy72idmMVu-00635-00167537-00167723": "we calculated, in order for the spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-00636-00167723-00167985": "with it's turning capabilities, navigation capabilities,", "bLy72idmMVu-00637-00167985-00168215": "et cetera, we had to arrive plus and minus", "bLy72idmMVu-00638-00168215-00168558": "450 seconds of a pre-programmed time", "bLy72idmMVu-00639-00168558-00168753": "after nine and a half years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00640-00168753-00169114": "That works out to plus and minus nine minutes", "bLy72idmMVu-00641-00169114-00169254": "after nine years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00642-00169491-00169675": "I have to tell you, yesterday I arrived", "bLy72idmMVu-00643-00169675-00169903": "at the Indianapolis Airport on an unnamed airline", "bLy72idmMVu-00644-00169903-00170103": "that could not get within nine minutes.", "bLy72idmMVu-00645-00170103-00170187": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00646-00170187-00170297": "Just to get me from Colorado.", "bLy72idmMVu-00647-00170417-00170625": "But New Horizons arrived at Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00648-00170625-00170983": "after nine and a half years, only 86 seconds off target.", "bLy72idmMVu-00649-00171163-00171391": "And best of all, it was 87 seconds early.", "bLy72idmMVu-00650-00171535-00171708": "So we did all that, and let me tell you", "bLy72idmMVu-00651-00171708-00171940": "a little bit about what we found.", "bLy72idmMVu-00652-00171940-00172137": "This is kind of a family portrait,", "bLy72idmMVu-00653-00172137-00172318": "a true color picture of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00654-00172318-00172547": "and three of its five moons,", "bLy72idmMVu-00655-00172547-00172920": "Pluto in the lower right, and then up a, as you move", "bLy72idmMVu-00656-00172920-00173148": "to the upper left, its very large moon,", "bLy72idmMVu-00657-00173148-00173523": "called Charon, which was discovered in 1978", "bLy72idmMVu-00658-00173523-00173656": "from the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-00659-00173656-00173888": "And Charon, for reference, I said Pluto's", "bLy72idmMVu-00660-00173888-00174097": "about the size of the continental United States.", "bLy72idmMVu-00661-00174097-00174313": "Charon's about the size of the state of Texas.", "bLy72idmMVu-00662-00174313-00174452": "It's a little deceptive in this image,", "bLy72idmMVu-00663-00174452-00174669": "because Charon's actually closer than Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00664-00174669-00174854": "so it looks like it's too big to be", "bLy72idmMVu-00665-00174854-00175059": "just the size of Texas, but it is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00666-00175059-00175237": "And then two of the smaller moons.", "bLy72idmMVu-00667-00175340-00175583": "Pluto has four small moons and the two", "bLy72idmMVu-00668-00175583-00175802": "that are shown here are Nix and Hydra.", "bLy72idmMVu-00669-00175913-00175997": "Whoops.", "bLy72idmMVu-00670-00175997-00176435": "This is the, the binary planet, Pluto and Charon up close,", "bLy72idmMVu-00671-00176435-00176823": "shown in, in enhanced color to bring out more detail.", "bLy72idmMVu-00672-00176823-00177009": "And you can see just from looking, first of all,", "bLy72idmMVu-00673-00177009-00177260": "this looks like a science fiction planet, doesn't it?", "bLy72idmMVu-00674-00177260-00177501": "I mean, you never seen anything like this, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-00675-00177501-00177801": "First, we'd never been to a binary planet system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00676-00177801-00178088": "The pair, which has been orbiting together", "bLy72idmMVu-00677-00178088-00178305": "out in the outer solar system for billions of years,", "bLy72idmMVu-00678-00178305-00178530": "they don't look anything alike.", "bLy72idmMVu-00679-00178530-00178835": "Pluto is very bright and very colorful,", "bLy72idmMVu-00680-00178835-00179105": "because there are atmospheric processes", "bLy72idmMVu-00681-00179105-00179475": "and climate processes that keep it bright.", "bLy72idmMVu-00682-00179475-00179864": "And Charon is just an icy satellite, kind of dingy,", "bLy72idmMVu-00683-00179864-00180170": "not as interesting, at least at first appearance.", "bLy72idmMVu-00684-00180170-00180331": "These are the small satellites.", "bLy72idmMVu-00685-00180331-00180628": "Forget the dots, that's for discussion about craters", "bLy72idmMVu-00686-00180628-00180954": "that are identified by those dots.", "bLy72idmMVu-00687-00180954-00181167": "But just to show you, those objects,", "bLy72idmMVu-00688-00181167-00181336": "which are about the size of counties,", "bLy72idmMVu-00689-00181336-00181491": "are made of pure water ice,", "bLy72idmMVu-00690-00181491-00181821": "with a little bit of ammonia ice mixed in with it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00691-00181821-00182016": "They're very bright, they're nearly as reflective", "bLy72idmMVu-00692-00182016-00182196": "as freshly driven snow.", "bLy72idmMVu-00693-00182290-00182385": "And they're lumpy, because they're too small", "bLy72idmMVu-00694-00182385-00182662": "to draw themselves into spheres.", "bLy72idmMVu-00695-00182798-00183188": "And from using those craters to determine how old they are,", "bLy72idmMVu-00696-00183188-00183485": "that is because we know the rate of cratering out there,", "bLy72idmMVu-00697-00183579-00183775": "and if we count the number of craters,", "bLy72idmMVu-00698-00183775-00183987": "we can determine the age of a surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-00699-00183987-00184287": "or at least get a rough approximation of that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00700-00184287-00184650": "So it turns out, you know, it's kind of like", "bLy72idmMVu-00701-00184650-00184790": "the experiment if you were to go outside", "bLy72idmMVu-00702-00184790-00184925": "out of this building when it's raining", "bLy72idmMVu-00703-00184925-00185069": "with a sheet of paper.", "bLy72idmMVu-00704-00185069-00185191": "The longer you hold the paper out,", "bLy72idmMVu-00705-00185191-00185474": "the more dots are going to appear from the rain.", "bLy72idmMVu-00706-00185474-00185702": "The older a surface is, the more craters that are on it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00707-00185702-00185924": "We can tell from counting these craters", "bLy72idmMVu-00708-00185924-00186137": "that these moons are as old as the planet,", "bLy72idmMVu-00709-00186137-00186292": "they're four billion years old.", "bLy72idmMVu-00710-00186410-00186583": "Very big clue to the formation of the system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00711-00186583-00186940": "This is the big moon, Charon, seen up close.", "bLy72idmMVu-00712-00186940-00187077": "It's a very battered world.", "bLy72idmMVu-00713-00187077-00187382": "Everything you're seeing here is made of water ice.", "bLy72idmMVu-00714-00187382-00187615": "That entire surface is made of water ice.", "bLy72idmMVu-00715-00187615-00187850": "Across the equator, north pole's at the top,", "bLy72idmMVu-00716-00187850-00188108": "that's the orange cap on the top,", "bLy72idmMVu-00717-00188108-00188296": "but across the equator, left to right,", "bLy72idmMVu-00718-00188296-00188526": "you see that giant canyon system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00719-00188526-00188930": "That canyon is ten times the size of the Grand Canyon.", "bLy72idmMVu-00720-00188930-00189078": "It's ten times deeper, ten times wider,", "bLy72idmMVu-00721-00189078-00189229": "and ten times longer.", "bLy72idmMVu-00722-00189229-00189474": "It's the biggest canyon in our solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-00723-00189474-00189675": "And it was caused by the freezing", "bLy72idmMVu-00724-00189675-00189822": "of all that water ice.", "bLy72idmMVu-00725-00189822-00190003": "If you've ever frozen water ice, you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-00726-00190003-00190260": "in your fridge in a glass, it can crack the glass?", "bLy72idmMVu-00727-00190260-00190574": "That's exactly what happened here, but on a vast scale.", "bLy72idmMVu-00728-00190574-00190836": "When the water ice froze, after the formation,", "bLy72idmMVu-00729-00190836-00191208": "as Charon was cooling off, the water ice expands", "bLy72idmMVu-00730-00191208-00191707": "by, by dent of freezing, and the end result", "bLy72idmMVu-00731-00191707-00192024": "is it, to relieve stress, the world cracked", "bLy72idmMVu-00732-00192024-00192186": "all the way along the equator", "bLy72idmMVu-00733-00192186-00192341": "for more than a thousand miles.", "bLy72idmMVu-00734-00192508-00192764": "If you look at the north pole, it's pretty unusual.", "bLy72idmMVu-00735-00192764-00192974": "We've seen a lot of polar caps in the solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-00736-00192974-00193198": "most of them look like Earth's polar cap, or Mars',", "bLy72idmMVu-00737-00193198-00193344": "which you've probably seen.", "bLy72idmMVu-00738-00193344-00193586": "They're bright and snowy and look like", "bLy72idmMVu-00739-00193586-00193832": "it's just a white polar cap.", "bLy72idmMVu-00740-00193832-00194116": "We'd never seen kind of a reverse polar cap.", "bLy72idmMVu-00741-00194116-00194416": "This orangey stuff actually turns out to be the result", "bLy72idmMVu-00742-00194416-00194774": "of gases that escaped from Pluto's atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-00743-00194774-00195119": "and plated out and condensed at the coldest places", "bLy72idmMVu-00744-00195119-00195500": "on Charon, at the north and south poles,", "bLy72idmMVu-00745-00195500-00195778": "and then were processed by radiation", "bLy72idmMVu-00746-00195778-00195996": "to turn this ruddy kind of a color.", "bLy72idmMVu-00747-00196445-00196542": "Whoops, too many.", "bLy72idmMVu-00748-00196659-00196874": "I'm not sure if I can back up,", "bLy72idmMVu-00749-00196874-00197103": "because the only other button is the red button.", "bLy72idmMVu-00750-00197103-00197224": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00751-00197224-00197469": "So I don't know if that will turn off the machine", "bLy72idmMVu-00752-00197572-00197776": "or back it up or go to the first slide.", "bLy72idmMVu-00753-00197926-00198212": "So, let's try it and see what happens.", "bLy72idmMVu-00754-00198315-00198418": "Oh, it just backs it up.", "bLy72idmMVu-00755-00198418-00198553": "Okay, we're safe. (audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00756-00198553-00198690": "Okay, I know what you're thinking,", "bLy72idmMVu-00757-00198690-00198908": "the guy supposedly can get a spacecraft to Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00758-00198908-00198999": "he can't work this.", "bLy72idmMVu-00759-00198999-00199193": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-00760-00199193-00199362": "But we didn't practice that beforehand.", "bLy72idmMVu-00761-00199362-00199613": "Okay, so this is an image,", "bLy72idmMVu-00762-00199613-00199791": "I'm going to show you a number of images of Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00763-00199791-00200011": "and talk to you about some of the things that we learned.", "bLy72idmMVu-00764-00200011-00200257": "In almost every slide that I'm going to show you", "bLy72idmMVu-00765-00200257-00200455": "for the next half dozen or nine slides,", "bLy72idmMVu-00766-00200455-00200680": "something like that, in the upper right,", "bLy72idmMVu-00767-00200680-00201036": "you'll see a picture of the entire globe of Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00768-00201036-00201274": "And this is called a context image.", "bLy72idmMVu-00769-00201274-00201680": "And the little green box, the inset in the upper right,", "bLy72idmMVu-00770-00201680-00201975": "the green box within the green box,", "bLy72idmMVu-00771-00201975-00202111": "is telling you where we're looking", "bLy72idmMVu-00772-00202111-00202331": "on the surface of the planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-00773-00202331-00202657": "And so here, what we've done in the computer,", "bLy72idmMVu-00774-00202657-00203021": "is to take literally a hundred images", "bLy72idmMVu-00775-00203021-00203260": "from New Horizons, put them together in a mosaic,", "bLy72idmMVu-00776-00203260-00203513": "and wrapped them in a computer on a sphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-00777-00203513-00203739": "to simulate what you would see if you were", "bLy72idmMVu-00778-00203739-00204067": "aboard a spacecraft flying a thousand miles above Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00779-00204151-00204353": "This is what you would see over that.", "bLy72idmMVu-00780-00204353-00204577": "Now, most of you know, because you've seen pictures", "bLy72idmMVu-00781-00204577-00204777": "of Pluto before, it's the little planet", "bLy72idmMVu-00782-00204777-00204994": "with the big heart, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-00783-00204994-00205359": "That heart is a nitrogen, molecular nitrogen glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-00784-00205359-00205655": "with a million square kilometers of surface area.", "bLy72idmMVu-00785-00205655-00205813": "In other words, it's the size of Texas", "bLy72idmMVu-00786-00205813-00206096": "and Oklahoma combined, the heart-shaped region.", "bLy72idmMVu-00787-00206206-00206442": "This is the left ventricle, if you will,", "bLy72idmMVu-00788-00206442-00206613": "the western side of the heart,", "bLy72idmMVu-00789-00206613-00206946": "is that giant, bright surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-00790-00206946-00207235": "which is all made of nitrogen snow.", "bLy72idmMVu-00791-00207235-00207521": "And you can see, it's ringed by mountain ranges.", "bLy72idmMVu-00792-00207521-00207827": "We believe, but don't know for sure,", "bLy72idmMVu-00793-00207827-00208144": "that all of that nitrogen is sitting in a giant basin", "bLy72idmMVu-00794-00208144-00208517": "caused by a enormous impact of a Kuiper belt object,", "bLy72idmMVu-00795-00208517-00208798": "probably a hundred miles across, that hit Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00796-00208798-00209087": "very early on and excavated this enormous", "bLy72idmMVu-00797-00209087-00209406": "hole in the ground the size of Texas and Oklahoma combined,", "bLy72idmMVu-00798-00209406-00209741": "and lifted those mountains, as a result of shock waves", "bLy72idmMVu-00799-00209741-00210036": "from this titanic collision.", "bLy72idmMVu-00800-00210036-00210339": "Those mountains stretch higher than the Rockies", "bLy72idmMVu-00801-00210339-00210517": "in my home state of Colorado.", "bLy72idmMVu-00802-00210517-00210937": "Some of them are as high as almost 20,000 feet tall.", "bLy72idmMVu-00803-00210937-00211195": "So all those mountain ranges were lifted up", "bLy72idmMVu-00804-00211195-00211317": "due to that collision.", "bLy72idmMVu-00805-00211317-00211504": "And then later, that basin was filled up", "bLy72idmMVu-00806-00211504-00211887": "with this nitrogen snow that falls from the atmosphere.", "bLy72idmMVu-00807-00211887-00212055": "And we don't know how deep it is.", "bLy72idmMVu-00808-00212055-00212244": "We can't confirm this theory, 'cause we don't know", "bLy72idmMVu-00809-00212244-00212619": "whether the nitrogen is 50 meters deep", "bLy72idmMVu-00810-00212619-00212973": "or 500 meters deep or 5 kilometers deep.", "bLy72idmMVu-00811-00212973-00213086": "Because we didn't have the right type", "bLy72idmMVu-00812-00213086-00213328": "of instrumentation, like ground-penetrating radars", "bLy72idmMVu-00813-00213328-00213588": "on New Horizons, to really confirm this theory", "bLy72idmMVu-00814-00213588-00213917": "of the giant impact that created Sputnik Planitia,", "bLy72idmMVu-00815-00213917-00214087": "this giant basin.", "bLy72idmMVu-00816-00214087-00214261": "But there are other interesting things going on.", "bLy72idmMVu-00817-00214261-00214408": "First of all, when you look at that,", "bLy72idmMVu-00818-00214408-00214643": "that glacier in detail, and I will show you", "bLy72idmMVu-00819-00214643-00214912": "a picture in just a second, you will notice", "bLy72idmMVu-00820-00214912-00215104": "what I call a cellular pattern.", "bLy72idmMVu-00821-00215104-00215418": "Now please, this happened to me in Canada.", "bLy72idmMVu-00822-00215502-00215694": "The minute I said the word cellular,", "bLy72idmMVu-00823-00215694-00216019": "people are texting that the Director", "bLy72idmMVu-00824-00216019-00216180": "of the New Horizons mission is talking", "bLy72idmMVu-00825-00216180-00216387": "about life on Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00826-00216387-00216789": "I'm not, I'm talking geological cells in a glacier, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-00827-00216878-00217053": "And these are big, they're individually,", "bLy72idmMVu-00828-00217053-00217305": "that whole area, is the size of Texas and Oklahoma,", "bLy72idmMVu-00829-00217305-00217555": "so these are like the size of giant counties.", "bLy72idmMVu-00830-00217555-00218019": "But those cells are caused by a slow roving boil", "bLy72idmMVu-00831-00218019-00218162": "that's taking place in the glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-00832-00218162-00218387": "due to some heat source beneath it,", "bLy72idmMVu-00833-00218387-00218813": "that's causing it to overturn again and again.", "bLy72idmMVu-00834-00218813-00218985": "I'll prove that to you in a few minutes.", "bLy72idmMVu-00835-00218985-00219248": "This is a close-up on that glacier.", "bLy72idmMVu-00836-00219248-00219512": "And on the left, you can see the northern half", "bLy72idmMVu-00837-00219512-00219741": "of the glacier and various details", "bLy72idmMVu-00838-00219741-00219897": "up against the mountain ranges,", "bLy72idmMVu-00839-00220002-00220242": "including all sorts of interesting flow patterns", "bLy72idmMVu-00840-00220242-00220326": "in the glacier.", "bLy72idmMVu-00841-00220326-00220748": "On the right, you see terrains that are way to the south,", "bLy72idmMVu-00842-00220748-00220894": "with little pits in them.", "bLy72idmMVu-00843-00220894-00221154": "Those pits are individually miles long.", "bLy72idmMVu-00844-00221154-00221461": "They're due to the sublimation, it's kind of like", "bLy72idmMVu-00845-00221461-00221762": "an evaporation, of the ice down by the equator,", "bLy72idmMVu-00846-00221762-00222181": "causing holes that are miles long and very deep", "bLy72idmMVu-00847-00222181-00222353": "in the glacier.", "bLy72idmMVu-00848-00222353-00222529": "And there are thousands of them, as you can see,", "bLy72idmMVu-00849-00222529-00222719": "and I'm only showing you a part of it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00850-00222818-00223084": "Here's something else really fascinating.", "bLy72idmMVu-00851-00223084-00223305": "This is a picture New Horizons took 15 minutes", "bLy72idmMVu-00852-00223305-00223552": "after closest approach to Pluto looking back,", "bLy72idmMVu-00853-00223552-00223883": "and you can see how rugged the terrains are on the surface.", "bLy72idmMVu-00854-00223883-00224125": "Those rugged terrains immediately taught us", "bLy72idmMVu-00855-00224125-00224590": "that that nitrogen ice can't be in a very deep formation", "bLy72idmMVu-00856-00224590-00224952": "most places, because nitrogen ice is", "bLy72idmMVu-00857-00224952-00225203": "a very weak material, we can make it in a laboratory", "bLy72idmMVu-00858-00225203-00225594": "and it's about as strong as garden-variety toothpaste.", "bLy72idmMVu-00859-00225594-00225839": "So try to build a mountain out of toothpaste.", "bLy72idmMVu-00860-00225839-00226038": "Even in Pluto's weak gravity field,", "bLy72idmMVu-00861-00226038-00226411": "it oozes away and collapses under its own weight.", "bLy72idmMVu-00862-00226411-00226692": "So the fact that we see these giant steep mountains", "bLy72idmMVu-00863-00226692-00226920": "means that the nitrogen must be a frosting", "bLy72idmMVu-00864-00226920-00227380": "on top of some much stronger substrate.", "bLy72idmMVu-00865-00227380-00227546": "The most common building material", "bLy72idmMVu-00866-00227546-00227892": "in the outer solar system is water ice.", "bLy72idmMVu-00867-00227892-00228089": "We saw it all over the surface of Charon,", "bLy72idmMVu-00868-00228089-00228327": "as I spoke to you about a few minutes ago.", "bLy72idmMVu-00869-00228327-00228541": "It turns out we found bare patches on Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00870-00228541-00228689": "where the nitrogen was missing and we see", "bLy72idmMVu-00871-00228689-00228888": "spectroscopically the fingerprint,", "bLy72idmMVu-00872-00228888-00229146": "the spectrum of water ice.", "bLy72idmMVu-00873-00229146-00229367": "So this picture of rough topography", "bLy72idmMVu-00874-00229367-00229639": "immediately told us that Pluto's crust", "bLy72idmMVu-00875-00229639-00229984": "is made of water ice, and that the nitrogen", "bLy72idmMVu-00876-00229984-00230291": "and the other exotic snows on the surface", "bLy72idmMVu-00877-00230291-00230583": "are a frosting from the atmosphere.", "bLy72idmMVu-00878-00230583-00230896": "But also in this picture, you can see Pluto's atmosphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-00879-00230896-00231078": "these giant haze layers that stretch for", "bLy72idmMVu-00880-00231078-00231292": "thousands of kilometers, and they stretch", "bLy72idmMVu-00881-00231292-00231519": "into the sky half a million feet up,", "bLy72idmMVu-00882-00231519-00231864": "in these concentric banded layers", "bLy72idmMVu-00883-00231864-00232061": "that no one really expected,", "bLy72idmMVu-00884-00232061-00232212": "but which New Horizons revealed.", "bLy72idmMVu-00885-00232212-00232457": "And we still to this day don't understand", "bLy72idmMVu-00886-00232457-00232832": "the chemistry that makes these haze layers.", "bLy72idmMVu-00887-00232832-00233083": "In order to understand that, we're going to have to go back", "bLy72idmMVu-00888-00233083-00233321": "with more sophisticated instrumentation", "bLy72idmMVu-00889-00233321-00233507": "and a probe that can dip into the atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-00890-00233507-00233732": "and get the composition of those haze layers.", "bLy72idmMVu-00891-00233901-00234107": "Here's a, here's a really interesting place.", "bLy72idmMVu-00892-00234107-00234248": "You can see the little green box,", "bLy72idmMVu-00893-00234248-00234531": "the little context image.", "bLy72idmMVu-00894-00234531-00234675": "We're looking right at the juncture", "bLy72idmMVu-00895-00234675-00235190": "between giant Sputnik glacier and the older dark terrains", "bLy72idmMVu-00896-00235190-00235414": "immediately to the west.", "bLy72idmMVu-00897-00235414-00235614": "And you can see how many craters there are", "bLy72idmMVu-00898-00235614-00235704": "in this very rough terrain.", "bLy72idmMVu-00899-00235704-00235836": "By the way, this scene is about", "bLy72idmMVu-00900-00235836-00236062": "the size of the state of Indiana,", "bLy72idmMVu-00901-00236062-00236330": "so this is not a small place.", "bLy72idmMVu-00902-00236400-00236644": "These terrains we can age date", "bLy72idmMVu-00903-00236644-00236792": "from the number of craters, the same way", "bLy72idmMVu-00904-00236792-00236896": "that I described before.", "bLy72idmMVu-00905-00236896-00237234": "They date back to the earliest days of our solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-00906-00237234-00237485": "four billion years ago.", "bLy72idmMVu-00907-00237485-00237765": "And right next to them, out on the glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-00908-00237765-00238010": "you don't see a single crater, not one.", "bLy72idmMVu-00909-00238010-00238255": "You can see those cells, the convection cells", "bLy72idmMVu-00910-00238255-00238497": "that I spoke about, and you can see the pits", "bLy72idmMVu-00911-00238497-00238809": "that are caused by the sublimation process.", "bLy72idmMVu-00912-00238809-00239101": "What's causing that convection, what's the heat source?", "bLy72idmMVu-00913-00239101-00239237": "We don't understand it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00914-00239237-00239488": "We need to go back, we need to have much more,", "bLy72idmMVu-00915-00239488-00239880": "we need heat maps, as one example, thermal mappers,", "bLy72idmMVu-00916-00239880-00239987": "in order to be able to understand.", "bLy72idmMVu-00917-00239987-00240141": "We need that radar that I talked about", "bLy72idmMVu-00918-00240141-00240408": "to find out how deep the ice layers are.", "bLy72idmMVu-00919-00240408-00240681": "But more importantly, this glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-00920-00240681-00241042": "no matter where we look, a million square kilometers,", "bLy72idmMVu-00921-00241042-00241287": "we can't find a single crater.", "bLy72idmMVu-00922-00241287-00241576": "Which means that these are very young surfaces,", "bLy72idmMVu-00923-00241576-00241796": "geologically born yesterday.", "bLy72idmMVu-00924-00241796-00242050": "This is proof that Pluto, little Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-00925-00242050-00242475": "the size of barely across the United States,", "bLy72idmMVu-00926-00242475-00242819": "a world which we thought before we explored it", "bLy72idmMVu-00927-00242819-00243117": "should have cooled off and its geological engine died,", "bLy72idmMVu-00928-00243117-00243382": "like Earth's moon, billions of years ago.", "bLy72idmMVu-00929-00243382-00243734": "But somehow, Pluto didn't read the textbooks.", "bLy72idmMVu-00930-00243734-00244017": "Pluto's just happily making new terrains all the time.", "bLy72idmMVu-00931-00244017-00244261": "This is the size of Texas.", "bLy72idmMVu-00932-00244261-00244583": "And it age dates to be born yesterday, geologically,", "bLy72idmMVu-00933-00244583-00244932": "only millions of years old, at the most.", "bLy72idmMVu-00934-00244932-00245184": "And here's a complicated plot, called the log-log plot,", "bLy72idmMVu-00935-00245184-00245512": "but as we go around Pluto and look at different terrains,", "bLy72idmMVu-00936-00245512-00245705": "we find the very old ones like I spoke about,", "bLy72idmMVu-00937-00245705-00245883": "we find the very young ones, but we also find", "bLy72idmMVu-00938-00245883-00246132": "middle-aged terrains, which shows that Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00939-00246132-00246437": "has been active, making new types of geology", "bLy72idmMVu-00940-00246437-00246601": "all throughout its history.", "bLy72idmMVu-00941-00246601-00246840": "We're not just happening to live at a time", "bLy72idmMVu-00942-00246840-00247054": "that we sent New Horizons when Pluto was suddenly", "bLy72idmMVu-00943-00247054-00247303": "having a spasm of activity.", "bLy72idmMVu-00944-00247303-00247554": "These plots show us from these age dating", "bLy72idmMVu-00945-00247554-00247905": "of different places on Pluto, that different units", "bLy72idmMVu-00946-00247905-00248102": "were made at different times, all through the last", "bLy72idmMVu-00947-00248102-00248185": "four billion years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00948-00248185-00248546": "So somehow, and the geophysicists don't understand it,", "bLy72idmMVu-00949-00248546-00248811": "Pluto is generating new terrains and has been doing this", "bLy72idmMVu-00950-00248811-00249013": "over the entire history of the solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-00951-00249013-00249179": "something that was thought impossible", "bLy72idmMVu-00952-00249179-00249421": "for a world this small, that it should have died,", "bLy72idmMVu-00953-00249421-00249587": "geologically, very long ago.", "bLy72idmMVu-00954-00249677-00249954": "Here's another one which we didn't predict.", "bLy72idmMVu-00955-00249954-00250280": "So this is a map that's color coded by altitude.", "bLy72idmMVu-00956-00250280-00250478": "The highest altitudes are in yellow and red.", "bLy72idmMVu-00957-00250478-00250769": "These are the mountains around the glacier", "bLy72idmMVu-00958-00250769-00251111": "that I spoke to you about that are up to 20,000 feet tall.", "bLy72idmMVu-00959-00251111-00251476": "And then down, the lowest terrains,", "bLy72idmMVu-00960-00251476-00251721": "down in the glacier, that's the purple stuff.", "bLy72idmMVu-00961-00251721-00251981": "But what I want you to focus your eye on", "bLy72idmMVu-00962-00251981-00252313": "are those red arrows and that pool of material", "bLy72idmMVu-00963-00252313-00252528": "that's come out of a chute, that actually", "bLy72idmMVu-00964-00252528-00252826": "came down that chute where you can see in the lower right,", "bLy72idmMVu-00965-00252969-00253217": "a flow pattern, and pooled out in an area", "bLy72idmMVu-00966-00253217-00253717": "about 50 miles across, a giant avalanche of titanic scale.", "bLy72idmMVu-00967-00253728-00253916": "If this happened in the Himalayas, it would be", "bLy72idmMVu-00968-00253916-00254206": "world news everywhere.", "bLy72idmMVu-00969-00254206-00254582": "Somehow on Pluto, giant avalanches are taking place,", "bLy72idmMVu-00970-00254582-00254903": "and look at that surface, there's not a crater on it.", "bLy72idmMVu-00971-00254903-00255094": "This is taking place today on Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00972-00255279-00255525": "And then we found ice volcanoes", "bLy72idmMVu-00973-00255525-00255867": "the size of Mauna Loa in Hawaii, this is one of them.", "bLy72idmMVu-00974-00255867-00256219": "We have all kinds of evidence for ice volcanoes", "bLy72idmMVu-00975-00256219-00256523": "and cryovolcanism, as its called, all across", "bLy72idmMVu-00976-00256523-00256676": "the surface of Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-00977-00256842-00257115": "This edifice with the hole in the middle,", "bLy72idmMVu-00978-00257115-00257444": "that you see there, is about 100 miles across", "bLy72idmMVu-00979-00257444-00257802": "and the hole in the middle is 15 miles deep.", "bLy72idmMVu-00980-00257802-00257926": "It's incredible.", "bLy72idmMVu-00981-00257926-00258284": "And it has, and again, notice on the flanks, no craters.", "bLy72idmMVu-00982-00258284-00258546": "This was either recently active or recently constructed,", "bLy72idmMVu-00983-00258546-00258782": "but either way, somehow Pluto has created", "bLy72idmMVu-00984-00258782-00259059": "these ice volcanoes or kept them running", "bLy72idmMVu-00985-00259059-00259171": "for billions of years.", "bLy72idmMVu-00986-00259171-00259367": "And this isn't the only one.", "bLy72idmMVu-00987-00259367-00259576": "We have three of these and then a whole 'nother type", "bLy72idmMVu-00988-00259576-00260076": "of volcanic province on another part of Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-00989-00260200-00260558": "that shows another way that Pluto is somehow active,", "bLy72idmMVu-00990-00260558-00260782": "which we don't understand and we will never understand", "bLy72idmMVu-00991-00260782-00260953": "unless we send another mission back", "bLy72idmMVu-00992-00260953-00261167": "with more detailed imaging and better", "bLy72idmMVu-00993-00261167-00261467": "compositional spectroscopy and these thermal sensors", "bLy72idmMVu-00994-00261467-00261630": "that can tell us if the volcanoes are", "bLy72idmMVu-00995-00261630-00261930": "actually active today, et cetera.", "bLy72idmMVu-00996-00261930-00262042": "And then who ordered this?", "bLy72idmMVu-00997-00262042-00262286": "A frozen lake on Pluto's surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-00998-00262286-00262511": "sitting in a hanging valley, which we know,", "bLy72idmMVu-00999-00262511-00262727": "because we have stereo images that show", "bLy72idmMVu-01000-00262727-00263067": "this is in a valley in mountain ranges", "bLy72idmMVu-01001-00263067-00263294": "to the west of the glacier.", "bLy72idmMVu-01002-00263294-00263566": "And this, you can see the shoreline around it,", "bLy72idmMVu-01003-00263566-00263828": "there's no craters on it, it's about 20 miles long,", "bLy72idmMVu-01004-00263828-00264099": "it's made of the same stuff, the nitrogen.", "bLy72idmMVu-01005-00264201-00264450": "But the thing is, you can't have liquid nitrogen", "bLy72idmMVu-01006-00264450-00264702": "on Pluto today, because the atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-01007-00264702-00264893": "has too low a pressure.", "bLy72idmMVu-01008-00264893-00265082": "For those of you who are technically trained,", "bLy72idmMVu-01009-00265082-00265466": "in other words, the current surface of Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-01010-00265466-00265842": "can't reach the triple point where liquid can be stable.", "bLy72idmMVu-01011-00265842-00266016": "But here's forensic evidence, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01012-00266016-00266281": "If you watch CSI, right,", "bLy72idmMVu-01013-00266281-00266534": "there's that one clue every episode.", "bLy72idmMVu-01014-00266534-00266858": "This is the same deal, this is a forensic clue", "bLy72idmMVu-01015-00266858-00267034": "that Pluto used to have a much thicker atmosphere.", "bLy72idmMVu-01016-00267034-00267171": "In fact, when you work it out, it had to be", "bLy72idmMVu-01017-00267171-00267547": "10 times higher pressure than Mars' atmosphere is today.", "bLy72idmMVu-01018-00267737-00267938": "Why did Pluto have higher pressure?", "bLy72idmMVu-01019-00267938-00268140": "For how long did that persist?", "bLy72idmMVu-01020-00268140-00268412": "How did those giant craters that were formed by impacts", "bLy72idmMVu-01021-00268412-00268584": "make it through that thicker atmosphere?", "bLy72idmMVu-01022-00268584-00268693": "How does this all add up?", "bLy72idmMVu-01023-00268693-00268794": "We don't know.", "bLy72idmMVu-01024-00268794-00268992": "We had one little flyby through the system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01025-00268992-00269252": "We got a first glimpse of this very complicated world,", "bLy72idmMVu-01026-00269252-00269464": "this world that's every bit as complicated", "bLy72idmMVu-01027-00269464-00269579": "as the Earth or Mars.", "bLy72idmMVu-01028-00269838-00270186": "And we have very strong circumstantial evidence", "bLy72idmMVu-01029-00270186-00270686": "that beneath the glacier is a global liquid water ocean.", "bLy72idmMVu-01030-00271009-00271264": "That's right, below those ices, the surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-01031-00271264-00271570": "which is 400 degrees below zero Fahrenheit,", "bLy72idmMVu-01032-00271570-00271879": "as you go deeper and deeper and the weight of the ice", "bLy72idmMVu-01033-00271879-00272103": "increases and increases and the temperature goes up", "bLy72idmMVu-01034-00272103-00272388": "as a result, because the higher pressure corresponds", "bLy72idmMVu-01035-00272388-00272762": "through the perfect gas equation to higher temperature,", "bLy72idmMVu-01036-00272762-00273053": "we get to a place where that water ice", "bLy72idmMVu-01037-00273053-00273421": "that makes up the entire crust of Pluto liquefies", "bLy72idmMVu-01038-00273421-00273606": "and there's a global ocean,", "bLy72idmMVu-01039-00273743-00274051": "maybe with fish inside or whales,", "bLy72idmMVu-01040-00274051-00274200": "Plutonian whales.", "bLy72idmMVu-01041-00274200-00274475": "Or maybe with nothing inside, maybe it's just water.", "bLy72idmMVu-01042-00274475-00274649": "But any way you look at it, the fact that", "bLy72idmMVu-01043-00274649-00274919": "Pluto could have an ocean, and to the right,", "bLy72idmMVu-01044-00274919-00275251": "in the upper right, is an illustration I didn't make,", "bLy72idmMVu-01045-00275251-00275334": "but I really like.", "bLy72idmMVu-01046-00275334-00275662": "There's the Earth on the left, and the blue bubble", "bLy72idmMVu-01047-00275662-00275939": "is a sphere that's equal to the volume", "bLy72idmMVu-01048-00275939-00276259": "of all the oceans of the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-01049-00276259-00276729": "And then to its right is Pluto, the round, ruddy disc.", "bLy72idmMVu-01050-00276729-00277025": "And then to the side of it, the blue dot", "bLy72idmMVu-01051-00277025-00277446": "is the calculated estimated size of Pluto's ocean,", "bLy72idmMVu-01052-00277446-00277664": "which is almost the size of Earth's ocean.", "bLy72idmMVu-01053-00277764-00278020": "Who would've thought, who would've thought that?", "bLy72idmMVu-01054-00278020-00278206": "If I would have suggested that before", "bLy72idmMVu-01055-00278206-00278461": "the flyby of Pluto, I would have been", "bLy72idmMVu-01056-00278461-00278588": "laughed out of the room.", "bLy72idmMVu-01057-00278673-00278849": "And yet, Pluto has all of that,", "bLy72idmMVu-01058-00278849-00279060": "and if we're lucky, this video's started,", "bLy72idmMVu-01059-00279060-00279260": "we're going to now fly over the surface of Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-01060-00279260-00279381": "as if we were in an airplane,", "bLy72idmMVu-01061-00279381-00279597": "using images from New Horizons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01062-00279597-00279846": "From the north pole down onto the glacier.", "bLy72idmMVu-01063-00279846-00280045": "Now we're going to take a thousand-mile flight", "bLy72idmMVu-01064-00280045-00280307": "in about 60 seconds, starting off in those polar terrains,", "bLy72idmMVu-01065-00280307-00280485": "where you can look inside the craters", "bLy72idmMVu-01066-00280485-00280755": "and see layering and all sorts of other interesting detail,", "bLy72idmMVu-01067-00280755-00280984": "then you see these tracks, we believe these tracks", "bLy72idmMVu-01068-00280984-00281170": "are due to dust devils or tornadoes", "bLy72idmMVu-01069-00281170-00281428": "that went across the surface, and then we come", "bLy72idmMVu-01070-00281428-00281780": "up onto badlands and eventually onto mountain ranges.", "bLy72idmMVu-01071-00281780-00281954": "There's a scale bar on the side in blue,", "bLy72idmMVu-01072-00281954-00282182": "it says six miles, just for the scale bar,", "bLy72idmMVu-01073-00282182-00282437": "so you can see how big these chunks of water ice are", "bLy72idmMVu-01074-00282437-00282551": "that are covered in nitrogen snow.", "bLy72idmMVu-01075-00282551-00282698": "And then off into the glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-01076-00282698-00283037": "where you see hundreds of dunes in vast dune fields,", "bLy72idmMVu-01077-00283037-00283365": "hundreds of miles long, as we fly to the south", "bLy72idmMVu-01078-00283365-00283651": "towards the equator, across Sputnik glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-01079-00283651-00283886": "all the way down into the equatorial regions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01080-00283886-00284295": "This is like the best science fiction world.", "bLy72idmMVu-01081-00284295-00284527": "I mean in many ways, I like to say that the solar system", "bLy72idmMVu-01082-00284527-00284680": "saved the best for last.", "bLy72idmMVu-01083-00284790-00284906": "Pluto has totally stunned us.", "bLy72idmMVu-01084-00284906-00285181": "And this project, with all of its ups and downs", "bLy72idmMVu-01085-00285181-00285390": "and near misses and political intrigues", "bLy72idmMVu-01086-00285390-00285631": "and design problems and test problems", "bLy72idmMVu-01087-00285631-00285858": "and all kinds of things, is chronicled", "bLy72idmMVu-01088-00285858-00286046": "in a lot more detail than I could give you here", "bLy72idmMVu-01089-00286046-00286387": "in a book that my co-author David Grinspoon and I", "bLy72idmMVu-01090-00286387-00286601": "wrote, called \"Chasing New Horizons.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01091-00286693-00286893": "I call this book my hundred lost weekends,", "bLy72idmMVu-01092-00286893-00287201": "because it took me two years to get this written", "bLy72idmMVu-01093-00287201-00287379": "and ready for publication.", "bLy72idmMVu-01094-00287400-00287820": "But, and this is an unabashed sales job.", "bLy72idmMVu-01095-00287820-00288081": "If you want to read more about New Horizons, buy the book.", "bLy72idmMVu-01096-00288081-00288295": "It's now out in paperback, so it's not expensive.", "bLy72idmMVu-01097-00288295-00288625": "You can order on Amazon or in your local bookstore.", "bLy72idmMVu-01098-00288744-00289031": "After the flyby of Pluto and a year", "bLy72idmMVu-01099-00289031-00289191": "to get all the data back, we went on out", "bLy72idmMVu-01100-00289191-00289419": "into the Kuiper belt and flew by this object", "bLy72idmMVu-01101-00289419-00289858": "on January 1st, New Year's Day, of this year, 2019.", "bLy72idmMVu-01102-00289858-00290060": "This object has a license plate name", "bLy72idmMVu-01103-00290060-00290422": "that we found with the Hubble, called 2014 MU69,", "bLy72idmMVu-01104-00290422-00290694": "which is not very easy to remember.", "bLy72idmMVu-01105-00290694-00291144": "But we gave it a nickname called Ultima Thule,", "bLy72idmMVu-01106-00291144-00291560": "which is a Latin phrase for beyond the known world,", "bLy72idmMVu-01107-00291560-00291814": "which really, literally, this object is.", "bLy72idmMVu-01108-00291814-00291944": "Have you ever seen anything like this,", "bLy72idmMVu-01109-00291944-00292341": "even in a sci-fi show, even in \"The Expanse?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01110-00292341-00292424": "No.", "bLy72idmMVu-01111-00292424-00292507": "On \"Star Trek?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01112-00292507-00292740": "No, no, nothing like this has ever been seen.", "bLy72idmMVu-01113-00292740-00293067": "This is a primordial, meaning ancient, building block", "bLy72idmMVu-01114-00293067-00293232": "of planets like Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01115-00293232-00293659": "It's only about 25 miles long, so it's tiny.", "bLy72idmMVu-01116-00293659-00293908": "I thought I had, and maybe this is it, yes,", "bLy72idmMVu-01117-00293908-00293991": "this is the video.", "bLy72idmMVu-01118-00293991-00294194": "There's Pluto, zoom up on Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-01119-00294194-00294503": "and little Ultima Thule appears right there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01120-00294503-00294631": "Look how little it is, it's like", "bLy72idmMVu-01121-00294631-00294971": "we flew another billion miles to rendezvous", "bLy72idmMVu-01122-00294971-00295337": "with one mountain block on Pluto, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01123-00295337-00295609": "And we did that at 32,000 miles an hour,", "bLy72idmMVu-01124-00295609-00295747": "in the darkness of the Kuiper belt", "bLy72idmMVu-01125-00295747-00295973": "where it's darker than this room, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01126-00295973-00296204": "So we had to hunt this thing down in the dark", "bLy72idmMVu-01127-00296204-00296469": "and fly by it at 32,000 miles an hour", "bLy72idmMVu-01128-00296469-00296662": "and get all the calculations right", "bLy72idmMVu-01129-00296662-00296873": "in order to produce images of it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01130-00296873-00297111": "And it's just this wild wooly beast", "bLy72idmMVu-01131-00297111-00297390": "that doesn't look like anything you've ever seen before.", "bLy72idmMVu-01132-00297390-00297672": "It's called a contact binary, it's two small worlds", "bLy72idmMVu-01133-00297672-00297924": "that came together and they're joined at that neck,", "bLy72idmMVu-01134-00297924-00298147": "that bright ring in between them.", "bLy72idmMVu-01135-00298147-00298363": "And you can see, because these are images made", "bLy72idmMVu-01136-00298363-00298577": "as we flew by at some different angles,", "bLy72idmMVu-01137-00298577-00298755": "that it's also very highly flattened,", "bLy72idmMVu-01138-00298755-00299077": "almost like rocks that you would skip on a pond.", "bLy72idmMVu-01139-00299077-00299309": "How did the solar system do that?", "bLy72idmMVu-01140-00299309-00299513": "We had no idea that things like this could form,", "bLy72idmMVu-01141-00299513-00299825": "particularly on this vast scale, the size of counties,", "bLy72idmMVu-01142-00299825-00299942": "and that they could gently merge,", "bLy72idmMVu-01143-00299942-00300096": "there's no signs of violence.", "bLy72idmMVu-01144-00300096-00300315": "Somehow, they gently came together and almost docked.", "bLy72idmMVu-01145-00300315-00300623": "In fact, when we wrote the paper,", "bLy72idmMVu-01146-00300623-00300830": "with 200 of my best friends as co-authors,", "bLy72idmMVu-01147-00300830-00301110": "and submitted it to science, I used the word docked", "bLy72idmMVu-01148-00301110-00301324": "and one of the referee's comments back was,", "bLy72idmMVu-01149-00301324-00301642": "you will not use the word docked, that is done by ships", "bLy72idmMVu-01150-00301642-00301875": "piloted by human beings, and docking", "bLy72idmMVu-01151-00301875-00302229": "is a result of intelligence, find another word.", "bLy72idmMVu-01152-00302229-00302417": "So we use the word merger now.", "bLy72idmMVu-01153-00302569-00302671": "But they docked.", "bLy72idmMVu-01154-00302671-00302754": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01155-00302754-00303011": "Okay, there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01156-00303011-00303361": "All right, so this has really been a tremendous mission", "bLy72idmMVu-01157-00303361-00303752": "of exploration, and I have a few candid pictures,", "bLy72idmMVu-01158-00303752-00303929": "beginning with this one, to show you,", "bLy72idmMVu-01159-00303929-00304067": "of what it's like to be a part of this.", "bLy72idmMVu-01160-00304067-00304226": "Not at the beginning, when you're designing", "bLy72idmMVu-01161-00304226-00304438": "and building, but at the culmination.", "bLy72idmMVu-01162-00304438-00304889": "For people who worked 15 years, from 2001 to 2015.", "bLy72idmMVu-01163-00304889-00305209": "This is a live shot, taken from our", "bLy72idmMVu-01164-00305209-00305580": "science operations room at the moment of the first", "bLy72idmMVu-01165-00305580-00305743": "image being put on the big screen", "bLy72idmMVu-01166-00305743-00306005": "from the Pluto flyby, the first high-res image.", "bLy72idmMVu-01167-00306005-00306280": "And you can see, these are all scientists on my team.", "bLy72idmMVu-01168-00306280-00306492": "And you can see the excitement in this room.", "bLy72idmMVu-01169-00306492-00306621": "And every one of these people was like,", "bLy72idmMVu-01170-00306621-00306823": "\"Is this going to work or not?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01171-00306823-00306961": "Right, 'cause we've got this remote control", "bLy72idmMVu-01172-00306961-00307231": "spacecraft three billion miles away,", "bLy72idmMVu-01173-00307231-00307489": "doing its thing, with no second chance.", "bLy72idmMVu-01174-00307489-00307647": "And I just love this picture, because you can feel", "bLy72idmMVu-01175-00307647-00307751": "the energy in it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01176-00307751-00307953": "And then, three and a half years later,", "bLy72idmMVu-01177-00307953-00308135": "when we got to Ultima Thule,", "bLy72idmMVu-01178-00308135-00308306": "when we did that flyby on New Year's Eve", "bLy72idmMVu-01179-00308306-00308569": "and New Year's Day, here's the scene in the room, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01180-00308569-00308795": "Do you think that they were excited", "bLy72idmMVu-01181-00308795-00308919": "when the first image came down?", "bLy72idmMVu-01182-00308919-00309117": "You can just feel it, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01183-00309117-00309466": "That's what, that's what real science and real engineering is about", "bLy72idmMVu-01184-00309466-00309666": "and real discovery, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01185-00309666-00309893": "Is it's actually not just cold and calculating,", "bLy72idmMVu-01186-00309893-00310072": "it's actually very emotional.", "bLy72idmMVu-01187-00310072-00310430": "And it is, teamwork like this,", "bLy72idmMVu-01188-00310430-00310636": "is just like teamwork on an NFL team", "bLy72idmMVu-01189-00310636-00310800": "that wins the Super Bowl.", "bLy72idmMVu-01190-00310800-00311079": "This is the Super Bowl of solar system exploration,", "bLy72idmMVu-01191-00311079-00311307": "in all of history so far.", "bLy72idmMVu-01192-00311307-00311513": "Here's another picture from our team.", "bLy72idmMVu-01193-00311513-00311646": "These are people that worked on this for", "bLy72idmMVu-01194-00311646-00311949": "three and a half years to make this flyby turn out.", "bLy72idmMVu-01195-00311949-00312204": "And you can see that they're pretty happy about it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01196-00312291-00312499": "That didn't last long before we went back to nerding out", "bLy72idmMVu-01197-00312499-00312781": "at the computer, right? and the end result of that", "bLy72idmMVu-01198-00312781-00313199": "is, we made the cover of the Rolling Stone for geeks,", "bLy72idmMVu-01199-00313199-00313354": "Science Magazine.", "bLy72idmMVu-01200-00313354-00313675": "This is a publication from this May,", "bLy72idmMVu-01201-00313675-00313989": "about three, three or four months after the flyby,", "bLy72idmMVu-01202-00313989-00314251": "when we took the, the cover of Science", "bLy72idmMVu-01203-00314251-00314492": "with this beautiful color image of Ultima Thule.", "bLy72idmMVu-01204-00314623-00314867": "So, I'm going to wrap up this talk a little bit.", "bLy72idmMVu-01205-00314867-00315018": "But first, I want to talk about", "bLy72idmMVu-01206-00315110-00315369": "what this exploration meant beyond its science.", "bLy72idmMVu-01207-00315369-00315597": "Did any of you see this bumper sticker?", "bLy72idmMVu-01208-00315597-00315830": "Or do you have Pluto shirts or any of the paraphernalia", "bLy72idmMVu-01209-00315830-00316041": "that is now sold everywhere on the web, yeah,", "bLy72idmMVu-01210-00316041-00316247": "with hearts on it, you know.", "bLy72idmMVu-01211-00316247-00316599": "This kind of stuff, something really magical happened.", "bLy72idmMVu-01212-00316599-00316816": "You know, when I was growing up,", "bLy72idmMVu-01213-00316816-00317021": "and then when I was going to grad school,", "bLy72idmMVu-01214-00317106-00317311": "first missions to new planets were happening", "bLy72idmMVu-01215-00317311-00317433": "every few years.", "bLy72idmMVu-01216-00317433-00317627": "I don't remember the first mission to Venus,", "bLy72idmMVu-01217-00317627-00317791": "I was too young, the first mission to Mars,", "bLy72idmMVu-01218-00317791-00317912": "I was too young.", "bLy72idmMVu-01219-00317912-00318136": "But I do remember the first missions to Mercury", "bLy72idmMVu-01220-00318136-00318424": "and Jupiter and then Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune", "bLy72idmMVu-01221-00318424-00318553": "in the 80s.", "bLy72idmMVu-01222-00318553-00318883": "And every time that happened, it was like", "bLy72idmMVu-01223-00318883-00319086": "a worldwide news event.", "bLy72idmMVu-01224-00319086-00319273": "And the same thing happened, but it hadn't happened", "bLy72idmMVu-01225-00319273-00319404": "for a generation.", "bLy72idmMVu-01226-00319404-00319628": "From 1989, when Voyager finished at Neptune,", "bLy72idmMVu-01227-00319628-00320009": "to 2015, 26 years, nothing like this", "bLy72idmMVu-01228-00320009-00320135": "had ever happened.", "bLy72idmMVu-01229-00320135-00320364": "And a lot of people, a lot of jaded people,", "bLy72idmMVu-01230-00320364-00320592": "particularly in Washington, D.C. said,", "bLy72idmMVu-01231-00320592-00321047": "\"Ah, they've seen it all, no one will care.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01232-00321047-00321185": "That's not what happened.", "bLy72idmMVu-01233-00321185-00321461": "Thousands of people came to our mission control", "bLy72idmMVu-01234-00321461-00321734": "to be there at the flyby.", "bLy72idmMVu-01235-00321734-00321884": "And you can see them.", "bLy72idmMVu-01236-00321884-00322065": "Look in the back, you see the screen,", "bLy72idmMVu-01237-00322065-00322223": "you see the zero zero four?", "bLy72idmMVu-01238-00322223-00322402": "Four seconds to closest approach,", "bLy72idmMVu-01239-00322402-00322513": "they're going crazy.", "bLy72idmMVu-01240-00322806-00322963": "And it was all over the news.", "bLy72idmMVu-01241-00322963-00323435": "We were on the cover of 560-something newspapers", "bLy72idmMVu-01242-00323435-00323665": "above the fold the next morning.", "bLy72idmMVu-01243-00323665-00324165": "Our website took two billion visits in 48 hours.", "bLy72idmMVu-01244-00324347-00324506": "Yes, half of them were my mother.", "bLy72idmMVu-01245-00324506-00324665": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01246-00324665-00324855": "But only half, she's only so fast.", "bLy72idmMVu-01247-00324944-00325083": "Google gave us the Google Doodle,", "bLy72idmMVu-01248-00325083-00325392": "that's little New Horizons going by Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01249-00325526-00325721": "We were on the cover of so many magazines", "bLy72idmMVu-01250-00325721-00325857": "that we lost count.", "bLy72idmMVu-01251-00325857-00326127": "In fact, this is a true story, my next door neighbor", "bLy72idmMVu-01252-00326127-00326363": "called me a week before the flyby.", "bLy72idmMVu-01253-00326363-00326540": "And he's a small business owner, and he said,", "bLy72idmMVu-01254-00326540-00327019": "\"Alan, we take seven magazines at our house.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01255-00327019-00327278": "\"Six of them have come so far this month.", "bLy72idmMVu-01256-00327278-00327464": "\"You or your mission are on the cover", "bLy72idmMVu-01257-00327464-00327666": "\"of every single one.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01258-00327837-00328154": "He said, \"The last magazine is Cosmopolitan,", "bLy72idmMVu-01259-00328154-00328292": "\"and if you are on the cover of that,", "bLy72idmMVu-01260-00328292-00328436": "\"I'm jumping off my roof.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01261-00328436-00328629": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01262-00328629-00328986": "So we saved his life, we weren't on the cover of Cosmo.", "bLy72idmMVu-01263-00328986-00329280": "But NASA hadn't seen anything like the web", "bLy72idmMVu-01264-00329280-00329780": "and public response to this exploration since Apollo.", "bLy72idmMVu-01265-00329875-00330160": "And that's their term, not my own. Right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01266-00330166-00330325": "It shows that people in the 21st century", "bLy72idmMVu-01267-00330325-00330471": "love exploration as much as people", "bLy72idmMVu-01268-00330471-00330638": "in the 60s and the 80s did.", "bLy72idmMVu-01269-00330638-00331134": "This is a superhuman - no other species", "bLy72idmMVu-01270-00331134-00331354": "even looks at the sky and knows that they are seeing", "bLy72idmMVu-01271-00331354-00331777": "other worlds in space, and somehow we, our species,", "bLy72idmMVu-01272-00331777-00332087": "has figured out how to go explore the universe.", "bLy72idmMVu-01273-00332087-00332358": "And for those of us who have been on New Horizons", "bLy72idmMVu-01274-00332358-00332652": "all this time, working behind the scenes,", "bLy72idmMVu-01275-00332652-00332921": "nights and weekends, for 15 years,", "bLy72idmMVu-01276-00332921-00333156": "to design and build this one little spacecraft", "bLy72idmMVu-01277-00333156-00333435": "to send out on this risky journey, all by itself,", "bLy72idmMVu-01278-00333435-00333629": "across the entirety of our solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-01279-00333629-00333998": "to the very frontier, and then pull off this exploration,", "bLy72idmMVu-01280-00334095-00334295": "is an unbelievable feeling.", "bLy72idmMVu-01281-00334295-00334700": "And to this day, now four years after the flyby of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-01282-00334700-00335096": "I get emails, sometimes I run into people in the airport,", "bLy72idmMVu-01283-00335096-00335338": "or some airport, and I don't even know them,", "bLy72idmMVu-01284-00335338-00335487": "and they say, \"You know, I worked on New Horizons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01285-00335487-00335698": "\"I worked on the rocket, I worked on the RTG,", "bLy72idmMVu-01286-00335698-00336035": "\"the nuclear power supply, I worked at, you know - I was at Ohio State", "bLy72idmMVu-01287-00336035-00336304": "\"University when you were testing the antennas,", "bLy72idmMVu-01288-00336304-00336521": "\"I was on this, I was on that,", "bLy72idmMVu-01289-00336521-00336726": "\"and I just want to say thank you, I've never been a part", "bLy72idmMVu-01290-00336726-00336992": "\"of any project like this in my entire life.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01291-00336992-00337366": "And nothing, even all the science that we've done,", "bLy72idmMVu-01292-00337366-00337614": "makes me feel better than to know", "bLy72idmMVu-01293-00337614-00337854": "that this was so meaningful to people that worked on it", "bLy72idmMVu-01294-00337854-00338042": "and so meaningful to the people of the world,", "bLy72idmMVu-01295-00338042-00338335": "all around the world, not just in the United States.", "bLy72idmMVu-01296-00338335-00338832": "And that we, NASA, put all this data on the web, available", "bLy72idmMVu-01297-00338832-00339253": "to anyone in any country, can log in and download", "bLy72idmMVu-01298-00339253-00339469": "images and spectra and everything else", "bLy72idmMVu-01299-00339469-00339778": "and work on this, you know.", "bLy72idmMVu-01300-00339778-00340083": "We don't just do it for people in the United States,", "bLy72idmMVu-01301-00340083-00340270": "we do it for the world.", "bLy72idmMVu-01302-00340270-00340532": "It's a, it's an amazing feeling for all of us", "bLy72idmMVu-01303-00340532-00340774": "who got to be a part of this project.", "bLy72idmMVu-01304-00340774-00340995": "I'm going to close by talking about what if we return.", "bLy72idmMVu-01305-00340995-00341255": "There are a lot of mysteries to Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01306-00341255-00341515": "We did not expect it to be this complicated.", "bLy72idmMVu-01307-00341515-00341853": "No one could have expected it to be as hard as Mars,", "bLy72idmMVu-01308-00341853-00342121": "and to be as active as any active world", "bLy72idmMVu-01309-00342121-00342271": "in the solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01310-00342271-00342433": "We don't understand the glaciers,", "bLy72idmMVu-01311-00342433-00342566": "we don't understand the ocean,", "bLy72idmMVu-01312-00342566-00342734": "we don't understand the atmosphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-01313-00342734-00342953": "we don't understand what generates the geology,", "bLy72idmMVu-01314-00342953-00343127": "we don't know what's making the avalanches,", "bLy72idmMVu-01315-00343127-00343358": "we don't understand the satellite system,", "bLy72idmMVu-01316-00343358-00343726": "none of it, because we just went by in a flash.", "bLy72idmMVu-01317-00343888-00344141": "And now we know that if we go back,", "bLy72idmMVu-01318-00344141-00344395": "we want to be in orbit, we want to map the rest of the planet,", "bLy72idmMVu-01319-00344395-00344695": "we want to map what we've already seen in higher detail.", "bLy72idmMVu-01320-00344695-00344894": "We want to bring other kinds of instrumentation,", "bLy72idmMVu-01321-00344894-00345120": "like I spoke about, radars to look down", "bLy72idmMVu-01322-00345120-00345265": "through the depths of the ice and find out", "bLy72idmMVu-01323-00345265-00345543": "how far down it is. Thermal mappers to see if", "bLy72idmMVu-01324-00345543-00345887": "we can find hotspots, like at those volcanoes,", "bLy72idmMVu-01325-00345887-00346013": "see if they're currently active.", "bLy72idmMVu-01326-00346013-00346210": "We want to put a mass spectrometer in the atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-01327-00346210-00346501": "and measure what those hazes are made of.", "bLy72idmMVu-01328-00346664-00346854": "We want to do all that and more, and to do that", "bLy72idmMVu-01329-00346854-00347106": "requires an orbiter, so my company,", "bLy72idmMVu-01330-00347106-00347258": "the Southwest Research Institute,", "bLy72idmMVu-01331-00347258-00347522": "a very large nonprofit with 3,000 employees,", "bLy72idmMVu-01332-00347522-00347820": "450 in the Space Division where I work,", "bLy72idmMVu-01333-00347820-00348012": "just completed a half-million dollar study", "bLy72idmMVu-01334-00348012-00348164": "of how to do a Pluto mission.", "bLy72idmMVu-01335-00348164-00348323": "And this is one slide from some of the", "bLy72idmMVu-01336-00348323-00348469": "orbital mechanics that we did.", "bLy72idmMVu-01337-00348469-00348702": "And we designed an entire orbital tour", "bLy72idmMVu-01338-00348702-00348883": "of how you would go about this.", "bLy72idmMVu-01339-00348883-00349045": "And it turns out, it's very cool,", "bLy72idmMVu-01340-00349045-00349262": "you can use the big moon, Charon,", "bLy72idmMVu-01341-00349262-00349589": "to make close flybys and use them as gravity assists,", "bLy72idmMVu-01342-00349589-00349907": "to tour, to motorboat, all around the Pluto system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01343-00349907-00350116": "With every orbit, you make a close flyby of Charon,", "bLy72idmMVu-01344-00350116-00350293": "and Charon redirects the spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-01345-00350293-00350602": "to dip down into the atmosphere, to visit other moons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01346-00350602-00350816": "to go over different parts of Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01347-00350816-00351050": "And over a two-year period, we showed,", "bLy72idmMVu-01348-00351050-00351273": "and this looks complicated when you show all the orbits,", "bLy72idmMVu-01349-00351273-00351552": "but you can tour the entire thing with one vehicle.", "bLy72idmMVu-01350-00351650-00351994": "And then, this is even bigger breakthrough,", "bLy72idmMVu-01351-00351994-00352227": "we found that Charon is powerful enough,", "bLy72idmMVu-01352-00352227-00352355": "that when you're done at Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-01353-00352355-00352512": "when you've mapped it all, when you've put all", "bLy72idmMVu-01354-00352512-00352702": "those new experiments in the atmosphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-01355-00352702-00352824": "when you've done all those other things", "bLy72idmMVu-01356-00352824-00353217": "and got those datasets back, Charon is powerful enough,", "bLy72idmMVu-01357-00353217-00353510": "with two more close flybys, to actually take you", "bLy72idmMVu-01358-00353510-00353785": "back out of orbit, to go on into the Kuiper belt", "bLy72idmMVu-01359-00353785-00354039": "and explore other Kuiper belt objects", "bLy72idmMVu-01360-00354039-00354379": "like Ultima Thule and dwarf planets like Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01361-00354379-00354568": "So with one mission, which can make,", "bLy72idmMVu-01362-00354568-00354834": "and these are the dips or the closest approaches", "bLy72idmMVu-01363-00354834-00355101": "to different satellites that are color coded there,", "bLy72idmMVu-01364-00355101-00355406": "we can do all the Pluto system, and then we can go on", "bLy72idmMVu-01365-00355406-00355595": "into the Kuiper belt and be the next generation", "bLy72idmMVu-01366-00355595-00355809": "of Kuiper belt explorer, too.", "bLy72idmMVu-01367-00355809-00355978": "We used to think that would take at least", "bLy72idmMVu-01368-00355978-00356275": "two different spacecraft and two different rockets,", "bLy72idmMVu-01369-00356275-00356517": "and now we know we can do it all with one.", "bLy72idmMVu-01370-00356517-00356770": "And that's going to be a big cost saver.", "bLy72idmMVu-01371-00356770-00357066": "And hopefully, we'll get a chance to do that.", "bLy72idmMVu-01372-00357066-00357345": "It probably won't be me, it'll be some of you", "bLy72idmMVu-01373-00357345-00357645": "it'll be - have the chance to do that.", "bLy72idmMVu-01374-00357645-00357836": "And so I'm going to close with this beautiful", "bLy72idmMVu-01375-00357836-00358077": "true color picture of this beautiful", "bLy72idmMVu-01376-00358077-00358415": "little sci-fi planet on the edge of our solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-01377-00358415-00358598": "the first dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt", "bLy72idmMVu-01378-00358598-00358931": "ever explored, with a salute to the New Horizons team.", "bLy72idmMVu-01379-00358931-00359151": "And I thank you for coming tonight", "bLy72idmMVu-01380-00359151-00359395": "and, and then I'm going to take your questions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01381-00359395-00359518": "So thank you very much.", "bLy72idmMVu-01382-00359518-00359818": "(audience applauds)", "bLy72idmMVu-01383-00360509-00361040": "And we have a bit of an ice breaker and a bribe,", "bLy72idmMVu-01384-00361047-00361236": "so there are two microphones.", "bLy72idmMVu-01385-00361236-00361613": "And Steven has these cool bumper stickers.", "bLy72idmMVu-01386-00361613-00361735": "Hand me one of them.", "bLy72idmMVu-01387-00361735-00361889": "I think they're the coolest bumper sticker", "bLy72idmMVu-01388-00361889-00362014": "in the space business.", "bLy72idmMVu-01389-00362014-00362247": "It says, \"My other vehicle explored Pluto.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01390-00362247-00362330": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01391-00362330-00362487": "Right, right, I mean somebody's got, you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-01392-00362487-00362764": "\"My other vehicle is a truck,\" this is better.", "bLy72idmMVu-01393-00362764-00362951": "In any case, we have four of them,", "bLy72idmMVu-01394-00362951-00363161": "so the first four people to ask questions get,", "bLy72idmMVu-01395-00363161-00363502": "here, five, get bumper stickers.", "bLy72idmMVu-01396-00363502-00363633": "Yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01397-00363633-00363826": "- [Man] Nice to be right close,, right close there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01398-00363826-00364003": "- There you go, good thinking.", "bLy72idmMVu-01399-00364003-00364346": "- [Man] So my question is with the decreasing cost", "bLy72idmMVu-01400-00364346-00364579": "of rockets these days, there's such great", "bLy72idmMVu-01401-00364579-00364826": "rocket science going on, and the price of getting", "bLy72idmMVu-01402-00364826-00365089": "to space is so much cheaper, it would seem", "bLy72idmMVu-01403-00365089-00365318": "that it would be cheaper to send out now", "bLy72idmMVu-01404-00365318-00365641": "a lot of planetary explorers with little bit heavier,", "bLy72idmMVu-01405-00365641-00366096": "but a lot cheaper components, and will, do you think one,", "bLy72idmMVu-01406-00366096-00366332": "will that bring us back to the age of Mariners", "bLy72idmMVu-01407-00366332-00366610": "and Voyagers, where we can send five or six up", "bLy72idmMVu-01408-00366610-00366948": "and just hit a bunch of Pluto, a bunch of Jupiter's moons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01409-00366948-00367258": "and also, once we get to that stage, what would be", "bLy72idmMVu-01410-00367258-00367484": "the limiting factor, would it be manufacturing", "bLy72idmMVu-01411-00367484-00367698": "or cost of rockets, or would it be just", "bLy72idmMVu-01412-00367698-00367983": "the bandwidth or the rocket scientists", "bLy72idmMVu-01413-00367983-00368163": "and people to interpret the data, what would be", "bLy72idmMVu-01414-00368163-00368280": "those limiting factors?", "bLy72idmMVu-01415-00368280-00368502": "- Yeah, so if we took advantage of reusable rockets", "bLy72idmMVu-01416-00368502-00368799": "like SpaceX is building and now others as well,", "bLy72idmMVu-01417-00368799-00369032": "we could more or less eliminate the cost of the launch,", "bLy72idmMVu-01418-00369032-00369334": "could we afford more spacecraft for the same budgets,", "bLy72idmMVu-01419-00369334-00369568": "and I think absolutely.", "bLy72idmMVu-01420-00369568-00369745": "It turns out the rockets are typically about", "bLy72idmMVu-01421-00369745-00370125": "20 or 30% of the cost, so you couldn't get a factor of two,", "bLy72idmMVu-01422-00370125-00370265": "you couldn't fly two for every one,", "bLy72idmMVu-01423-00370265-00370463": "but it would certainly help.", "bLy72idmMVu-01424-00370463-00370649": "But we're also now in a revolution", "bLy72idmMVu-01425-00370649-00370916": "where we're building a lot smaller", "bLy72idmMVu-01426-00370916-00371112": "and less expensive satellites.", "bLy72idmMVu-01427-00371112-00371301": "And so I know for the close exploration,", "bLy72idmMVu-01428-00371301-00371576": "like of the moon and Mars and the asteroids,", "bLy72idmMVu-01429-00371576-00371800": "that we're now able to get to much cheaper", "bLy72idmMVu-01430-00371800-00372070": "planetary exploration missions that we can send out", "bLy72idmMVu-01431-00372070-00372257": "in much bigger numbers, just like you asked about.", "bLy72idmMVu-01432-00372257-00372458": "- [Man] And are there economies of scale", "bLy72idmMVu-01433-00372458-00372786": "when you can say, hey, let's build three or four", "bLy72idmMVu-01434-00372786-00372990": "of this, or is it pretty much one person", "bLy72idmMVu-01435-00372990-00373189": "screwing in one component, planning out", "bLy72idmMVu-01436-00373189-00373364": "every last thing, or is, is there economy of scale there?", "bLy72idmMVu-01437-00373364-00373559": "- I'm happy to answer that question,", "bLy72idmMVu-01438-00373559-00373768": "but let me just point out that asking a second question", "bLy72idmMVu-01439-00373768-00373916": "does not mean a second bumper sticker.", "bLy72idmMVu-01440-00373916-00374069": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01441-00374069-00374287": "Those are for other people, we're going to take turns.", "bLy72idmMVu-01442-00374287-00374490": "Yeah, absolutely, if we could do more,", "bLy72idmMVu-01443-00374490-00374666": "we would get an economy of scale,", "bLy72idmMVu-01444-00374666-00374875": "and so a second New Horizons and a third", "bLy72idmMVu-01445-00374875-00375054": "would each come down the cost curve,", "bLy72idmMVu-01446-00375054-00375250": "particularly if you can build them in rapid succession", "bLy72idmMVu-01447-00375250-00375598": "to the same design before parts go obsolete, for example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01448-00375598-00375756": "Okay, yes sir.", "bLy72idmMVu-01449-00375923-00376116": "Okay, Steven's going to help you there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01450-00376477-00376942": "- [Boy] How come the image of Pluto was so blurry", "bLy72idmMVu-01451-00376942-00377319": "from Hubble, although Hubble can take such good shots", "bLy72idmMVu-01452-00377319-00377710": "of like Andromeda and the Sombrero Galaxy?", "bLy72idmMVu-01453-00377710-00377866": "- That's a stupendous question,", "bLy72idmMVu-01454-00377866-00378104": "that is a spectacular question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01455-00378104-00378521": "So, how come Pluto, only three billion miles away,", "bLy72idmMVu-01456-00378521-00378885": "looks blurry, but galaxies that are much farther away", "bLy72idmMVu-01457-00378885-00379020": "look so great?", "bLy72idmMVu-01458-00379020-00379416": "It's because those galaxies are really enormous structures.", "bLy72idmMVu-01459-00379416-00379675": "And so even though our actual resolution on the galaxy", "bLy72idmMVu-01460-00379675-00379957": "is much worse than Pluto, we can put a lot more", "bLy72idmMVu-01461-00379957-00380387": "pixels on them, and therefore see a lot more detail.", "bLy72idmMVu-01462-00380387-00380554": "That's a great question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01463-00380554-00380690": "Enjoy the bumper sticker.", "bLy72idmMVu-01464-00380690-00380817": "Back over here.", "bLy72idmMVu-01465-00380817-00381117": "- [Man] Yeah, so we learned a lot of very interesting,", "bLy72idmMVu-01466-00381117-00381386": "very cool things from our first visit to Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01467-00381386-00381674": "So my question is what bodies or moons or anything", "bLy72idmMVu-01468-00381674-00381913": "are you excited to visit for the first time", "bLy72idmMVu-01469-00381913-00382020": "in the near future?", "bLy72idmMVu-01470-00382213-00382545": "- Personally, I get to pick, I get to be king.", "bLy72idmMVu-01471-00382545-00382889": "Okay, Earth's great, we need to study the Earth more.", "bLy72idmMVu-01472-00382889-00383191": "But actually, this whole collection of dwarf planets", "bLy72idmMVu-01473-00383191-00383417": "turns out to be very heterogeneous.", "bLy72idmMVu-01474-00383417-00383612": "They have different colors and different compositions", "bLy72idmMVu-01475-00383612-00383764": "and different densities.", "bLy72idmMVu-01476-00383764-00383938": "So some are made of ice and some are made of rock,", "bLy72idmMVu-01477-00383938-00384069": "for example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01478-00384069-00384201": "They have different numbers of satellites.", "bLy72idmMVu-01479-00384201-00384370": "They're every bit as diverse as, for example,", "bLy72idmMVu-01480-00384370-00384555": "the four terrestrial planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-01481-00384555-00384851": "And we've only been to one of them, Pluto, so far.", "bLy72idmMVu-01482-00384851-00385093": "And it already taught us a tremendous amount of,", "bLy72idmMVu-01483-00385093-00385399": "rewriting textbooks, so I think missions", "bLy72idmMVu-01484-00385399-00385737": "to these dwarf planets are in order.", "bLy72idmMVu-01485-00385737-00385939": "But we also have a lot to learn closer to home,", "bLy72idmMVu-01486-00385939-00386115": "to do more detailed missions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01487-00386207-00386452": "NASA just selected a mission called Dragonfly,", "bLy72idmMVu-01488-00386452-00386584": "which you might have heard of.", "bLy72idmMVu-01489-00386584-00386972": "It's actually going to land a nuclear-powered drone", "bLy72idmMVu-01490-00386972-00387322": "that can fly across the surface of one of Saturn's moons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01491-00387322-00387626": "which has rivers of hydrocarbon", "bLy72idmMVu-01492-00387626-00387975": "and lakes that could contain prebiotic chemistry,", "bLy72idmMVu-01493-00387975-00388136": "and that's just one example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01494-00388136-00388366": "So the future is very bright for planetary exploration.", "bLy72idmMVu-01495-00388366-00388838": "And then on top of that, we're going to send people to Mars.", "bLy72idmMVu-01496-00388838-00388992": "That's going to happen, and it's going to happen", "bLy72idmMVu-01497-00388992-00389149": "by the 2030s.", "bLy72idmMVu-01498-00389300-00389573": "I know that, because even if this country", "bLy72idmMVu-01499-00389573-00389798": "can't stick to it politically,", "bLy72idmMVu-01500-00389798-00390055": "I'm a Tesla owner and I'm pretty sure Elon will.", "bLy72idmMVu-01501-00390055-00390231": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01502-00390231-00390380": "Next question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01503-00390380-00390900": "- [Woman] Hi, I remember when New Horizons got to Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-01504-00390901-00391239": "in 2015, (yeah) and I came into work that day,", "bLy72idmMVu-01505-00391239-00391378": "and I was like, \"Great, Pluto.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01506-00391378-00391664": "And all my coworkers are like, \"Okay.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-01507-00391664-00391878": "But I don't know, it was just, it was really cool,", "bLy72idmMVu-01508-00391878-00392075": "that was such a great feeling and I, I remember", "bLy72idmMVu-01509-00392075-00392290": "that was something that inspired me in my", "bLy72idmMVu-01510-00392290-00392402": "college career.", "bLy72idmMVu-01511-00392489-00392723": "Something that you were teasing at,", "bLy72idmMVu-01512-00392723-00393131": "was you did the flyby behind the planet", "bLy72idmMVu-01513-00393131-00393257": "and you were looking at the atmosphere.", "bLy72idmMVu-01514-00393257-00393388": "Can you talk more about that?", "bLy72idmMVu-01515-00393388-00393569": "- Yeah, absolutely, sure, sure.", "bLy72idmMVu-01516-00393569-00393819": "That's a great nerdy question, I'm always up for that.", "bLy72idmMVu-01517-00393819-00394319": "So the idea is, is that we could probe Pluto's atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-01518-00394337-00394641": "by looking at the way the sunlight filters through it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01519-00394641-00394883": "And it's not just taking pictures of it,", "bLy72idmMVu-01520-00394883-00395139": "although that did show us things like the haze layers.", "bLy72idmMVu-01521-00395139-00395504": "Our ultraviolet spectrometer is able to watch the way", "bLy72idmMVu-01522-00395504-00395916": "the sunlight is extinguish, extinguished as a function of wavelength", "bLy72idmMVu-01523-00395916-00396230": "and determine the composition as a function of altitude.", "bLy72idmMVu-01524-00396230-00396416": "And it can only be done when you backlight", "bLy72idmMVu-01525-00396416-00396570": "the atmosphere as a probe through it,", "bLy72idmMVu-01526-00396570-00396849": "and the brightest thing, brighter than any of the stars,", "bLy72idmMVu-01527-00396849-00396940": "is the sun.", "bLy72idmMVu-01528-00396940-00397194": "So we aimed to go across Pluto's shadow", "bLy72idmMVu-01529-00397194-00397534": "in order to put the sun filtering through the atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-01530-00397534-00397790": "and look at it with that ultraviolet spectrometer.", "bLy72idmMVu-01531-00397790-00398021": "- [Woman] What did you find out about the atmosphere", "bLy72idmMVu-01532-00398021-00398106": "by doing that?", "bLy72idmMVu-01533-00398106-00398324": "- So, we found out a lot of things,", "bLy72idmMVu-01534-00398324-00398530": "which mostly need graphs, because they're about", "bLy72idmMVu-01535-00398530-00398761": "hydrocarbon chemistry and the rate at which", "bLy72idmMVu-01536-00398761-00399082": "the nitrogen falls off with altitude and the escape rate.", "bLy72idmMVu-01537-00399082-00399411": "So we found out, very top level, about the composition,", "bLy72idmMVu-01538-00399411-00399582": "the thermal structure of the atmosphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-01539-00399582-00399665": "the escape rate of the atmosphere,", "bLy72idmMVu-01540-00399665-00399907": "that turned out to be a thousand times lower", "bLy72idmMVu-01541-00399907-00400140": "than had been predicted by Earth-based models,", "bLy72idmMVu-01542-00400140-00400330": "and we learned about the haze layers", "bLy72idmMVu-01543-00400330-00400574": "that we really didn't expect, all of that.", "bLy72idmMVu-01544-00400574-00400686": "- [Woman] Thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-01545-00400686-00400847": "- Thank you, yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01546-00400950-00401258": "- [Man] So Pluto has a very eccentric orbit", "bLy72idmMVu-01547-00401258-00401630": "and I was just wondering what you thought", "bLy72idmMVu-01548-00401630-00401921": "would be different about a long-term mission", "bLy72idmMVu-01549-00401921-00402332": "orbiting Pluto versus, you know, a flyby mission,", "bLy72idmMVu-01550-00402332-00402880": "compared to some other, you know, such missions of other planets", "bLy72idmMVu-01551-00402880-00403010": "in the solar system?", "bLy72idmMVu-01552-00403010-00403261": "- Well, you know, one of the big, big lessons", "bLy72idmMVu-01553-00403261-00403447": "of planetary exploration has been, you know", "bLy72idmMVu-01554-00403447-00403704": "we do flybys first, we get the lay of the land,", "bLy72idmMVu-01555-00403704-00404021": "and then if, if it's high enough priority,", "bLy72idmMVu-01556-00404021-00404187": "we go back with more detailed missions,", "bLy72idmMVu-01557-00404187-00404402": "first orbiters and then landers.", "bLy72idmMVu-01558-00404402-00404666": "And every time we've done that, it's been", "bLy72idmMVu-01559-00404666-00404961": "very successful, in terms of teaching us a lot more.", "bLy72idmMVu-01560-00404961-00405179": "In the case of the Pluto flyby, we flew by", "bLy72idmMVu-01561-00405179-00405356": "but we could only see one side of the planet,", "bLy72idmMVu-01562-00405356-00405592": "because we went by so quickly.", "bLy72idmMVu-01563-00405592-00405836": "And we really haven't mapped the rest of the planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-01564-00405836-00406092": "We also couldn't carry all that kind of", "bLy72idmMVu-01565-00406092-00406277": "new instrumentation that I talked about,", "bLy72idmMVu-01566-00406277-00406583": "because in order for New Horizons to be light and fast,", "bLy72idmMVu-01567-00406583-00406814": "it wasn't able to carry more than the seven", "bLy72idmMVu-01568-00406814-00407077": "scientific instruments that we had.", "bLy72idmMVu-01569-00407077-00407361": "And, because we were only there on one Tuesday", "bLy72idmMVu-01570-00407361-00407590": "in all of human history,", "bLy72idmMVu-01571-00407590-00407755": "we didn't have a chance to see things changing,", "bLy72idmMVu-01572-00407755-00407968": "and yet we know this is a dynamic world,", "bLy72idmMVu-01573-00407968-00408230": "where, from avalanches to atmospheric phenomena,", "bLy72idmMVu-01574-00408230-00408422": "it's changing before our very eyes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01575-00408422-00408568": "And so if we can go there with an orbiter,", "bLy72idmMVu-01576-00408568-00408815": "can stay for years and watch the way", "bLy72idmMVu-01577-00408815-00409065": "that it's changing, combined with the new datasets", "bLy72idmMVu-01578-00409065-00409249": "from different types of instrumentation,", "bLy72idmMVu-01579-00409249-00409469": "and the ability to map all of the rest of it", "bLy72idmMVu-01580-00409469-00409647": "that we couldn't see, and get up close", "bLy72idmMVu-01581-00409647-00409904": "to all of its satellites that we couldn't get to,", "bLy72idmMVu-01582-00409904-00410099": "we would learn a lot more.", "bLy72idmMVu-01583-00410099-00410296": "Thank you, yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01584-00410425-00410750": "- [Man] Do you expect to see migration of tholins", "bLy72idmMVu-01585-00410750-00411035": "back and forth between Pluto and then Charon,", "bLy72idmMVu-01586-00411035-00411263": "and then Charon back to Pluto again,", "bLy72idmMVu-01587-00411263-00411451": "if we send a mission there?", "bLy72idmMVu-01588-00411451-00411764": "Have you observed migration of those hydrocarbons", "bLy72idmMVu-01589-00411764-00411964": "back from Charon back to Pluto's surface?", "bLy72idmMVu-01590-00411964-00412243": "- Yeah, so, so let me translate the question", "bLy72idmMVu-01591-00412243-00412380": "just a little bit for those who don't know", "bLy72idmMVu-01592-00412380-00412602": "as much as this gentleman does.", "bLy72idmMVu-01593-00412602-00412910": "The material on the surface of the moon Charon", "bLy72idmMVu-01594-00412910-00413185": "that I showed you, that's the ruddy red stuff", "bLy72idmMVu-01595-00413185-00413407": "that makes that polar cap,", "bLy72idmMVu-01596-00413407-00413635": "carries the Latin name tholin,", "bLy72idmMVu-01597-00413635-00414050": "which is just a fancy word for hydrocarbon gunk, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-01598-00414059-00414345": "And this is the, the gases that came off Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-01599-00414345-00414551": "that I spoke about that have plated out", "bLy72idmMVu-01600-00414551-00414675": "at the north pole, where the temperature", "bLy72idmMVu-01601-00414675-00415010": "is literally 15 or 20 degrees above absolute zero,", "bLy72idmMVu-01602-00415010-00415188": "so those molecules are stuck on the surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-01603-00415188-00415339": "'cause it's so cold.", "bLy72idmMVu-01604-00415339-00415646": "And then the solar ultraviolet sunlight", "bLy72idmMVu-01605-00415646-00415939": "makes chemistry happen that creates this", "bLy72idmMVu-01606-00415939-00416185": "hydrocarbon gunk called tholins.", "bLy72idmMVu-01607-00416185-00416357": "And his question is, could the tholins", "bLy72idmMVu-01608-00416357-00416572": "also be going back to Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01609-00416572-00416814": "And the answer is absolutely not.", "bLy72idmMVu-01610-00416814-00417150": "And the reason is that we can make those tholins", "bLy72idmMVu-01611-00417150-00417379": "in a laboratory and we understand", "bLy72idmMVu-01612-00417379-00417626": "many of their physical and chemical properties.", "bLy72idmMVu-01613-00417626-00417776": "We've been making these things for decades", "bLy72idmMVu-01614-00417776-00417910": "in a laboratory.", "bLy72idmMVu-01615-00417910-00418022": "They've been seen in other places", "bLy72idmMVu-01616-00418022-00418180": "around the solar system, too.", "bLy72idmMVu-01617-00418180-00418537": "And they're very stable molecules that can't evaporate,", "bLy72idmMVu-01618-00418537-00418841": "because they're very heavy, long-chain hydrocarbons.", "bLy72idmMVu-01619-00418841-00419075": "So at the temperatures on Pluto's surface,", "bLy72idmMVu-01620-00419075-00419353": "they can't get back up and transit in the other direction,", "bLy72idmMVu-01621-00419353-00419576": "they just keep building up and building up.", "bLy72idmMVu-01622-00419576-00419799": "That's a great question, thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-01623-00419799-00419889": "Yeah.", "bLy72idmMVu-01624-00419889-00420210": "- [Man] So, earlier in the talk, you spoke about", "bLy72idmMVu-01625-00420210-00420433": "some of the instruments you would, would want to see", "bLy72idmMVu-01626-00420433-00420635": "on a new mission, such as thermal sensing,", "bLy72idmMVu-01627-00420635-00420719": "a ground-penetrating radar.", "bLy72idmMVu-01628-00420719-00420914": "Do you know other types of instruments", "bLy72idmMVu-01629-00420914-00421122": "that you would want on a new mission to Pluto?", "bLy72idmMVu-01630-00421122-00421205": "- Yeah, absolutely.", "bLy72idmMVu-01631-00421205-00421397": "So I mentioned a mass spectrometer as another example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01632-00421397-00421670": "I mentioned thermal mappers as another example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01633-00421670-00421789": "Those are the four that I mentioned,", "bLy72idmMVu-01634-00421789-00422151": "'cause they're at the top of my Christmas wish list.", "bLy72idmMVu-01635-00422151-00422371": "But there are lots of other instruments", "bLy72idmMVu-01636-00422371-00422492": "that we would also like to see.", "bLy72idmMVu-01637-00422492-00422784": "For example, until the 2060s,", "bLy72idmMVu-01638-00422784-00423152": "Pluto's southern hemisphere is in polar darkness,", "bLy72idmMVu-01639-00423152-00423428": "the same way that Antarctica goes into darkness", "bLy72idmMVu-01640-00423428-00423652": "for months every year.", "bLy72idmMVu-01641-00423652-00423880": "But Pluto's year is 250 years long.", "bLy72idmMVu-01642-00423880-00424133": "So it's polar darkness lasts decades.", "bLy72idmMVu-01643-00424133-00424291": "So if we send the mission there in the 30s,", "bLy72idmMVu-01644-00424291-00424431": "it's still going to be dark.", "bLy72idmMVu-01645-00424431-00424674": "So we want to send very low light level cameras", "bLy72idmMVu-01646-00424674-00424924": "and spectrometers that New Horizons didn't have,", "bLy72idmMVu-01647-00424924-00425200": "so we can even map those polar dark terrains,", "bLy72idmMVu-01648-00425200-00425372": "so we can get a map of everything.", "bLy72idmMVu-01649-00425372-00425506": "And that's, that's an example.", "bLy72idmMVu-01650-00425506-00425699": "Another example is, we want to do what are called", "bLy72idmMVu-01651-00425699-00425939": "gravity investigations, that aren't really", "bLy72idmMVu-01652-00425939-00426182": "measuring gravity, but they're using gravity", "bLy72idmMVu-01653-00426182-00426546": "to measure the distribution of mass from place to place.", "bLy72idmMVu-01654-00426546-00426891": "So we can determine the density of the mountains", "bLy72idmMVu-01655-00426891-00427188": "versus the valleys, we can determine", "bLy72idmMVu-01656-00427188-00427528": "exactly how much material is in Sputnik Planitia glacier,", "bLy72idmMVu-01657-00427528-00427707": "we can measure all those things,", "bLy72idmMVu-01658-00427707-00427960": "and much more about the subsurface,", "bLy72idmMVu-01659-00427960-00428279": "and, and get the structure of the interior", "bLy72idmMVu-01660-00428279-00428476": "of the planet, as well.", "bLy72idmMVu-01661-00428476-00428643": "And there's another long list of other kinds", "bLy72idmMVu-01662-00428643-00428832": "of atmospheric instruments, there's going to be", "bLy72idmMVu-01663-00428832-00428939": "a big shootout.", "bLy72idmMVu-01664-00428939-00429114": "There are going to be 20 or 30 ideas", "bLy72idmMVu-01665-00429114-00429408": "for scientific instruments that'll compete,", "bLy72idmMVu-01666-00429408-00430000": "and the top 12 or so will get selected for the mission.", "bLy72idmMVu-01667-00430047-00430192": "Okay, thanks.", "bLy72idmMVu-01668-00430192-00430296": "Yeah.", "bLy72idmMVu-01669-00430296-00430652": "- [Man] So most of the nitrogen that was observed", "bLy72idmMVu-01670-00430652-00430889": "is the beta phase nitrogen, and I know that", "bLy72idmMVu-01671-00430889-00431285": "there was some talk about improving the detection", "bLy72idmMVu-01672-00431285-00431718": "between alpha and beta with the incorporation", "bLy72idmMVu-01673-00431718-00431901": "of carbon monoxide and methane", "bLy72idmMVu-01674-00431901-00432233": "might make it more observable.", "bLy72idmMVu-01675-00432233-00432514": "Have you guys observed any alpha nitrogen", "bLy72idmMVu-01676-00432514-00432682": "or has it all just been the beta phase?", "bLy72idmMVu-01677-00432682-00432830": "- I love it when you talk dirty.", "bLy72idmMVu-01678-00432830-00433020": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-01679-00433020-00433275": "Down and dirty geek speak.", "bLy72idmMVu-01680-00433275-00433739": "So in order to separate these different", "bLy72idmMVu-01681-00433739-00434083": "molecular forms, these different phases of nitrogen,", "bLy72idmMVu-01682-00434083-00434349": "and the other molecules that you talked about,", "bLy72idmMVu-01683-00434349-00434811": "you need spectrometers that have higher resolution,", "bLy72idmMVu-01684-00434811-00435197": "not being closer but higher spectral resolution,", "bLy72idmMVu-01685-00435197-00435455": "so more light-gathering power than anything", "bLy72idmMVu-01686-00435455-00435655": "we could afford to fly on New Horizons,", "bLy72idmMVu-01687-00435655-00435842": "from a math standpoint.", "bLy72idmMVu-01688-00435842-00436139": "And we can,  those instruments exist on the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-01689-00436139-00436355": "And we put them at the back end of", "bLy72idmMVu-01690-00436355-00436518": "the largest telescopes on the Earth,", "bLy72idmMVu-01691-00436518-00436866": "and we can see alpha and beta nitrogen", "bLy72idmMVu-01692-00436866-00437217": "in Sputnik Planitia from the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-01693-00437217-00437368": "Now what you can't get from the Earth", "bLy72idmMVu-01694-00437368-00437642": "is the high resolution to map from place to place", "bLy72idmMVu-01695-00437642-00437878": "at high detail.", "bLy72idmMVu-01696-00437878-00438041": "So what we need to do is go back", "bLy72idmMVu-01697-00438041-00438364": "with much bigger telescopes on that orbiter.", "bLy72idmMVu-01698-00438364-00438674": "Our biggest telescope is only this wide, okay,", "bLy72idmMVu-01699-00438674-00438887": "it's like a little home-built, except it's very high tech,", "bLy72idmMVu-01700-00438887-00439068": "but it's only this wide.", "bLy72idmMVu-01701-00439068-00439303": "We want to go back with meteor-class telescopes,", "bLy72idmMVu-01702-00439303-00439574": "that gather a lot more light, that can actually", "bLy72idmMVu-01703-00439574-00439775": "collect enough signal to have these higher", "bLy72idmMVu-01704-00439775-00440070": "spectral resolution spectrometers to do", "bLy72idmMVu-01705-00440070-00440202": "exactly what you're talking about.", "bLy72idmMVu-01706-00440202-00440325": "- [Man] It's just interesting 'cause of the", "bLy72idmMVu-01707-00440325-00440595": "vast viscosity difference, but thanks.", "bLy72idmMVu-01708-00440595-00440813": "- Yeah, okay over here.", "bLy72idmMVu-01709-00440813-00440945": "Left, right, left, right.", "bLy72idmMVu-01710-00440945-00441135": "- [Man] Thank you, so you had noted that", "bLy72idmMVu-01711-00441135-00441364": "on New Horizons, all of the systems were redundant", "bLy72idmMVu-01712-00441364-00441497": "and they had a copy of each other.", "bLy72idmMVu-01713-00441497-00441653": "So during New Horizons' flight,", "bLy72idmMVu-01714-00441653-00441897": "did any of those systems fail and during the flight,", "bLy72idmMVu-01715-00441897-00442056": "was there ever a point where you all", "bLy72idmMVu-01716-00442056-00442201": "had to start mentally preparing yourself, you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-01717-00442201-00442430": "this might, this one might not actually work?", "bLy72idmMVu-01718-00442430-00442726": "- Okay, great questions, two questions, two answers.", "bLy72idmMVu-01719-00442726-00443113": "So it turns out, here we are four years after the flyby", "bLy72idmMVu-01720-00443113-00443269": "and everything's working.", "bLy72idmMVu-01721-00443269-00443479": "It was working at flyby, it's working now.", "bLy72idmMVu-01722-00443479-00443737": "All the prime systems and all the backup systems.", "bLy72idmMVu-01723-00443737-00444096": "Now on the day of launch, the very first day", "bLy72idmMVu-01724-00444096-00444295": "we were out of the box in space,", "bLy72idmMVu-01725-00444295-00444644": "we did have one system go red on us.", "bLy72idmMVu-01726-00444644-00445003": "And it started working about three days after launch", "bLy72idmMVu-01727-00445003-00445272": "and has worked for almost 14 years ever since,", "bLy72idmMVu-01728-00445272-00445393": "and never had a problem.", "bLy72idmMVu-01729-00445393-00445639": "So the spacecraft is super healthy and we expect", "bLy72idmMVu-01730-00445639-00445888": "it to be able to operate for 20 more years.", "bLy72idmMVu-01731-00445888-00446130": "Then you also asked if we ever had a case", "bLy72idmMVu-01732-00446130-00446375": "where we might be worried about", "bLy72idmMVu-01733-00446375-00446626": "whether we would make it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01734-00446626-00446766": "And we actually did.", "bLy72idmMVu-01735-00446766-00446914": "And some of you might know the story,", "bLy72idmMVu-01736-00446914-00447580": "but after flying 3,350 days or 50-something days,", "bLy72idmMVu-01737-00447628-00448027": "to reach Pluto, 10 days before we arrived,", "bLy72idmMVu-01738-00448027-00448445": "on July the 4th, 2015, which is a day", "bLy72idmMVu-01739-00448445-00448680": "known for fireworks, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01740-00448680-00448922": "my cell phone rang, it was the project manager", "bLy72idmMVu-01741-00448922-00449257": "calling, saying we've lost contact with the spacecraft.", "bLy72idmMVu-01742-00449257-00449500": "Which is never supposed to happen", "bLy72idmMVu-01743-00449500-00449846": "in, in any space flight.", "bLy72idmMVu-01744-00449933-00450162": "In fact, \"Chasing New Horizons\" opens", "bLy72idmMVu-01745-00450162-00450395": "with that story, that phone call,", "bLy72idmMVu-01746-00450395-00450689": "people pouring in on the 4th of July", "bLy72idmMVu-01747-00450689-00450964": "in sandals and shorts and Hawaiian shirts,", "bLy72idmMVu-01748-00450964-00451202": "to mission control to try to fix the problem,", "bLy72idmMVu-01749-00451202-00451411": "and obviously, because you've seen my talk,", "bLy72idmMVu-01750-00451411-00451560": "we worked it out.", "bLy72idmMVu-01751-00451560-00451827": "But it was a, a very near death experience", "bLy72idmMVu-01752-00451827-00452005": "for the spacecraft, and it was caused", "bLy72idmMVu-01753-00452005-00452243": "by a human error that we did to ourselves,", "bLy72idmMVu-01754-00452243-00452454": "a very subtle programming error.", "bLy72idmMVu-01755-00452570-00452653": "But we fixed it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01756-00452760-00452966": "Yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01757-00452966-00453145": "- [Man] Hi, yeah, so you talked a lot about", "bLy72idmMVu-01758-00453145-00453385": "how Pluto is still a dynamic planet and", "bLy72idmMVu-01759-00453385-00453522": "may still have a lot going on on it?", "bLy72idmMVu-01760-00453522-00453606": "- Yeah.", "bLy72idmMVu-01761-00453606-00453949": "- [Man] What do you think, what do you think it says about", "bLy72idmMVu-01762-00453949-00454110": "the formation of the solar system", "bLy72idmMVu-01763-00454110-00454347": "and the processes going in it right now", "bLy72idmMVu-01764-00454347-00454566": "that there's, like, such a dynamic planet", "bLy72idmMVu-01765-00454566-00454825": "so far away from the sun and do you think", "bLy72idmMVu-01766-00454825-00455057": "there's other bodies similar to Pluto", "bLy72idmMVu-01767-00455057-00455235": "we can find around the Kuiper belt?", "bLy72idmMVu-01768-00455235-00455435": "- Yeah, so let me answer your second question first,", "bLy72idmMVu-01769-00455435-00455735": "is that we know that the dwarf planets", "bLy72idmMVu-01770-00455735-00456120": "include some that look like very close cousins of Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-01771-00456120-00456379": "from what we can tell, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-01772-00456379-00456746": "So definitely a yes to your second question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01773-00456746-00457000": "What about the formation of the solar system,", "bLy72idmMVu-01774-00457000-00457168": "what is this telling us?", "bLy72idmMVu-01775-00457322-00457485": "That's a much harder question to answer", "bLy72idmMVu-01776-00457485-00457754": "and I don't think anybody knows the answer.", "bLy72idmMVu-01777-00457754-00457987": "But more than telling us about the formation", "bLy72idmMVu-01778-00457987-00458303": "of worlds like Pluto, it's probably telling us", "bLy72idmMVu-01779-00458303-00458622": "that our understanding of the geophysics", "bLy72idmMVu-01780-00458622-00458977": "and the geological engines that run planets", "bLy72idmMVu-01781-00458977-00459360": "is missing some physics, maybe some chemistry, too,", "bLy72idmMVu-01782-00459360-00459778": "because we're, we're, we were not expecting the level of complexity", "bLy72idmMVu-01783-00459778-00460043": "that the geology has, has resulted in", "bLy72idmMVu-01784-00460043-00460332": "or the level of activity after so long.", "bLy72idmMVu-01785-00460332-00460626": "And to this day, there, this is four years later,", "bLy72idmMVu-01786-00460626-00460839": "there's no accepted theory, there's some ideas,", "bLy72idmMVu-01787-00460839-00461338": "but no accepted theory for why Pluto is so active.", "bLy72idmMVu-01788-00461338-00461556": "It's, it's really a mystery, which is the best stuff", "bLy72idmMVu-01789-00461556-00461751": "in science, right, 'cause we found out something new", "bLy72idmMVu-01790-00461751-00461887": "that we don't get yet.", "bLy72idmMVu-01791-00461992-00462116": "We'll see.", "bLy72idmMVu-01792-00462116-00462246": "Okay, yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01793-00462246-00462510": "- [Man] Would you talk a little bit about", "bLy72idmMVu-01794-00462510-00462868": "the complications and the complexities", "bLy72idmMVu-01795-00462868-00463225": "of communicating with a satellite at that distance", "bLy72idmMVu-01796-00463225-00463483": "traveling that fast and sort of the power, you're", "bLy72idmMVu-01797-00463483-00463718": "of the transmitter you're working with?", "bLy72idmMVu-01798-00463718-00463803": "- Yeah, sure.", "bLy72idmMVu-01799-00463803-00463942": "- [Man] And getting data back?", "bLy72idmMVu-01800-00463942-00464224": "- Yeah, so Pluto's three billion miles away,", "bLy72idmMVu-01801-00464224-00464431": "the spacecraft's three billion miles away.", "bLy72idmMVu-01802-00464431-00464639": "Radio waves travel at the speed of light.", "bLy72idmMVu-01803-00464639-00464775": "So when you work out the math,", "bLy72idmMVu-01804-00464775-00465130": "if we want to send instructions to the spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-01805-00465130-00465422": "we launch that as a set of radio commands", "bLy72idmMVu-01806-00465422-00465722": "from the Earth and it takes, currently, where we are now,", "bLy72idmMVu-01807-00465722-00466093": "up in the Kuiper belt, it takes six hours to get there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01808-00466093-00466247": "And then when the spacecraft receives it", "bLy72idmMVu-01809-00466247-00466434": "and says, \"I got it,\" and sends you back", "bLy72idmMVu-01810-00466434-00466683": "checksums or whatever, it takes six more hours", "bLy72idmMVu-01811-00466683-00466872": "just to find out you got it, so the round trip", "bLy72idmMVu-01812-00466872-00467020": "is 12 hours.", "bLy72idmMVu-01813-00467020-00467463": "So it's like playing chess, one move every 12 hours, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01814-00467463-00467643": "And when problems come up, it makes it a lot harder", "bLy72idmMVu-01815-00467643-00467993": "to fix them, because every move requires a half a day", "bLy72idmMVu-01816-00467993-00468203": "before you can get confirmation it worked.", "bLy72idmMVu-01817-00468288-00468584": "Now you also asked about transmitting data back.", "bLy72idmMVu-01818-00468584-00468892": "So the way that we do this is that we have", "bLy72idmMVu-01819-00468892-00469332": "a small transmitter and a small antenna on the spacecraft.", "bLy72idmMVu-01820-00469332-00469518": "You saw the size of it, it's only about", "bLy72idmMVu-01821-00469518-00469766": "six feet across, the dish.", "bLy72idmMVu-01822-00469766-00470159": "And the transmitter is only 30 watts,", "bLy72idmMVu-01823-00470159-00470482": "30 watts, not like an AM radio station's", "bLy72idmMVu-01824-00470482-00470775": "30 kilowatts, 30 watts.", "bLy72idmMVu-01825-00470775-00470960": "And that signal spreads out over", "bLy72idmMVu-01826-00470960-00471089": "four billion miles of space,", "bLy72idmMVu-01827-00471089-00471343": "it is incredibly weak when it gets back to the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-01828-00471343-00471602": "So we have receiver antennas in locations", "bLy72idmMVu-01829-00471602-00471906": "around the Earth, called the NASA Deep Space Network,", "bLy72idmMVu-01830-00471906-00472152": "that are the size of football fields.", "bLy72idmMVu-01831-00472152-00472632": "And their receivers are cooled by liquid helium", "bLy72idmMVu-01832-00472632-00472984": "to almost absolute zero to eliminate thermal noise.", "bLy72idmMVu-01833-00472984-00473246": "And we can pick up the signal of New Horizons", "bLy72idmMVu-01834-00473246-00473509": "and send those pictures and spectra and other things back", "bLy72idmMVu-01835-00473509-00473807": "and receive them and make all the beautiful imagery", "bLy72idmMVu-01836-00473807-00473922": "that I just showed you.", "bLy72idmMVu-01837-00474031-00474242": "But at the expense that we have to send them at", "bLy72idmMVu-01838-00474242-00474539": "a relatively low data rate, compared to your cell phone.", "bLy72idmMVu-01839-00474647-00474891": "We're all frustrated when you can't download", "bLy72idmMVu-01840-00474891-00475325": "a hundred megabit video in 10 seconds flat, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01841-00475325-00475545": "New Horizons is sending data back to the Earth", "bLy72idmMVu-01842-00475545-00475822": "at about a thousand bits per second.", "bLy72idmMVu-01843-00475822-00476133": "So a single image will take an hour or two", "bLy72idmMVu-01844-00476133-00476272": "to get to the Earth.", "bLy72idmMVu-01845-00476272-00476454": "It'll travel for many hours en route,", "bLy72idmMVu-01846-00476454-00476893": "but to build that image up at a thousand bits per second, you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-01847-00476893-00477135": "is pixel by pixel, pixel by pixel,", "bLy72idmMVu-01848-00477135-00477360": "it's like watching the grass grow.", "bLy72idmMVu-01849-00477360-00477578": "But think about it, it's a 30 watt transmitter", "bLy72idmMVu-01850-00477578-00477755": "billions of miles away.", "bLy72idmMVu-01851-00477755-00478057": "That's why it took us a year to get all the data back", "bLy72idmMVu-01852-00478057-00478405": "is we had a whole flash drive, gigabits worth of stuff", "bLy72idmMVu-01853-00478405-00478642": "to send back at this slow rate.", "bLy72idmMVu-01854-00478755-00479012": "But it's amazing that we can do it at all, I think,", "bLy72idmMVu-01855-00479012-00479168": "I mean, from those kind of distances,", "bLy72idmMVu-01856-00479168-00479459": "it's just, it's just incredible to think about, thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-01857-00479543-00479703": "Yeah.", "bLy72idmMVu-01858-00479703-00479895": "- [Man] Are there any sensors that you really wanted", "bLy72idmMVu-01859-00479895-00480109": "to include on New Horizons that you were", "bLy72idmMVu-01860-00480109-00480456": "unable to include or are there any that, in hindsight,", "bLy72idmMVu-01861-00480456-00480787": "you wish you had included but didn't think to at the time?", "bLy72idmMVu-01862-00480787-00480913": "- Yeah, great question, of course.", "bLy72idmMVu-01863-00480913-00481106": "All the things that we now know tell us", "bLy72idmMVu-01864-00481106-00481276": "what to put on the orbiter, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-01865-00481381-00481613": "But all those carcasses that I showed you", "bLy72idmMVu-01866-00481613-00481760": "in an early slide, the missions that never", "bLy72idmMVu-01867-00481760-00481952": "got off the drawing board?", "bLy72idmMVu-01868-00481952-00482203": "They didn't get launched because mostly", "bLy72idmMVu-01869-00482203-00482564": "they were too ambitious and they got out of control,", "bLy72idmMVu-01870-00482564-00482758": "they cost too much and NASA couldn't afford it,", "bLy72idmMVu-01871-00482758-00483063": "and they get canceled, then we'd have to start over.", "bLy72idmMVu-01872-00483063-00483284": "The great success of New Horizons is because", "bLy72idmMVu-01873-00483284-00483601": "we actually practiced appetite control.", "bLy72idmMVu-01874-00483601-00483901": "We actually said what's the minimum set of instrumentation", "bLy72idmMVu-01875-00483901-00484188": "to get this, the basic scientific objectives", "bLy72idmMVu-01876-00484188-00484389": "of a first flyby done.", "bLy72idmMVu-01877-00484389-00484842": "And by not trying to add ornaments to the tree", "bLy72idmMVu-01878-00484842-00485103": "and then sink under our own weight, if you will,", "bLy72idmMVu-01879-00485103-00485285": "metaphorically, we actually got", "bLy72idmMVu-01880-00485285-00485460": "the exploration of Pluto done.", "bLy72idmMVu-01881-00485460-00485582": "So I wouldn't change a thing,", "bLy72idmMVu-01882-00485582-00485743": "because we actually go it done.", "bLy72idmMVu-01883-00485743-00485916": "I would send an orbiter next.", "bLy72idmMVu-01884-00485916-00486521": "- [Steven] I will just, I will just say, the people", "bLy72idmMVu-01885-00486521-00486843": "at the microphone now, we have time for these questions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01886-00486843-00487126": "- Okay, we have time for these five questions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01887-00487126-00487238": "Yes, ma'am.", "bLy72idmMVu-01888-00487238-00487350": "- [Woman] Here's your PR question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01889-00487350-00487410": "- PR.", "bLy72idmMVu-01890-00487410-00487510": "- [Woman] Yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01891-00487510-00487600": "- Okay.", "bLy72idmMVu-01892-00487600-00487749": "- [Woman] So in regards to, you said there was", "bLy72idmMVu-01893-00487749-00488117": "a generational aspect to it, did you do anything", "bLy72idmMVu-01894-00488117-00488406": "differently, was it just luck, and when we are", "bLy72idmMVu-01895-00488406-00488787": "in the workforce, next in this generation,", "bLy72idmMVu-01896-00488787-00489038": "what do we do with Mars?", "bLy72idmMVu-01897-00489038-00489200": "- Well, I don't quite know how to answer", "bLy72idmMVu-01898-00489200-00489464": "your second question, but I'll answer your first question.", "bLy72idmMVu-01899-00489464-00489663": "Is that we did do things differently than", "bLy72idmMVu-01900-00489663-00489949": "had been done in the old days.", "bLy72idmMVu-01901-00489949-00490220": "I mean, we put everything out on the web,", "bLy72idmMVu-01902-00490220-00490475": "so it was instantly available.", "bLy72idmMVu-01903-00490475-00490732": "And we were on Twitter and we were on Facebook", "bLy72idmMVu-01904-00490732-00490863": "and we were on Insta.", "bLy72idmMVu-01905-00490863-00491102": "And we were doing all of that, so that we were", "bLy72idmMVu-01906-00491102-00491381": "involving people, and they could be a part of it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01907-00491381-00491692": "You know, back in the, in the earliest days,", "bLy72idmMVu-01908-00491692-00491902": "like first missions to everywhere else,", "bLy72idmMVu-01909-00491902-00492049": "even to Neptune in the late 80s,", "bLy72idmMVu-01910-00492049-00492316": "you had to be in the room at the Jet Propulsion Lab", "bLy72idmMVu-01911-00492316-00492422": "to feel like you were a part of it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01912-00492422-00492550": "You could read about it in the newspaper", "bLy72idmMVu-01913-00492550-00492768": "the next morning, but you couldn't be", "bLy72idmMVu-01914-00492768-00493187": "sharing in real time, like as a human event.", "bLy72idmMVu-01915-00493187-00493427": "And I think by taking, taking advantage", "bLy72idmMVu-01916-00493427-00493706": "of the modern technology, we really made a difference.", "bLy72idmMVu-01917-00493866-00494026": "Okay, yeah.", "bLy72idmMVu-01918-00494026-00494526": "- [Woman] Okay, okay, so coming from a biological perspective,", "bLy72idmMVu-01919-00494535-00494947": "you mentioned a river with prebiotic chemistry.", "bLy72idmMVu-01920-00494947-00495268": "You also mentioned water inside Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01921-00495268-00495464": "So coming from that perspective,", "bLy72idmMVu-01922-00495464-00495743": "what are some things that NASA or any other", "bLy72idmMVu-01923-00495743-00495991": "space program wants to explore biologically", "bLy72idmMVu-01924-00495991-00496358": "in, in Pluto or in other planets, and what measures", "bLy72idmMVu-01925-00496358-00496578": "are they taking right now to explore that?", "bLy72idmMVu-01926-00496578-00496738": "- Okay, that's a bunch of questions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01927-00496738-00496885": "So first of all, I want to clarify", "bLy72idmMVu-01928-00496885-00497220": "that the hydrocarbon river that you mentioned", "bLy72idmMVu-01929-00497220-00497481": "that I had mentioned earlier is not on Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01930-00497481-00497791": "That's on another place, a planet-sized world,", "bLy72idmMVu-01931-00497791-00498163": "a satellite of Saturn called Titan, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-01932-00498163-00498284": "So that's not Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01933-00498284-00498439": "Those things might exist on Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-01934-00498439-00498655": "but we didn't discover them, okay.", "bLy72idmMVu-01935-00498655-00498860": "But one of the highest priorities", "bLy72idmMVu-01936-00498860-00499118": "in all of planetary science is to find out", "bLy72idmMVu-01937-00499118-00499324": "if there's life that's evolved,", "bLy72idmMVu-01938-00499324-00499599": "or even prebiotic chemistry, in other locales", "bLy72idmMVu-01939-00499599-00499749": "around the solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01940-00499749-00500047": "And one of the other biggest discoveries", "bLy72idmMVu-01941-00500047-00500443": "in, in my lifetime, in my career, besides the fact", "bLy72idmMVu-01942-00500443-00500654": "that the solar system is teeming with dwarf planets,", "bLy72idmMVu-01943-00500654-00500975": "and the dwarf planets outnumber all the other types", "bLy72idmMVu-01944-00500975-00501439": "10 to one, is that we used to think", "bLy72idmMVu-01945-00501439-00501760": "that the Earth was completely unique.", "bLy72idmMVu-01946-00501760-00501903": "When we would look out with our telescopes,", "bLy72idmMVu-01947-00501903-00502242": "we couldn't find another world that had oceans.", "bLy72idmMVu-01948-00502242-00502393": "Well, we were completely wrong.", "bLy72idmMVu-01949-00502393-00502597": "It turns out there are lots of oceans", "bLy72idmMVu-01950-00502597-00502791": "all around the solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01951-00502791-00502947": "They're just on the inside,", "bLy72idmMVu-01952-00502947-00503135": "instead of sitting on the surface.", "bLy72idmMVu-01953-00503135-00503263": "And they're very common all across", "bLy72idmMVu-01954-00503263-00503563": "the middle and outer solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01955-00503563-00503899": "And the fact that these oceans exist,", "bLy72idmMVu-01956-00503899-00504313": "oceans of liquid water, at reasonable temperatures,", "bLy72idmMVu-01957-00504313-00504813": "where life could evolve, is a complete game changer.", "bLy72idmMVu-01958-00504813-00505162": "And we have a whole series of missions", "bLy72idmMVu-01959-00505162-00505341": "and something called an Ocean Worlds Initiative", "bLy72idmMVu-01960-00505341-00505541": "to go study these.", "bLy72idmMVu-01961-00505541-00505789": "The first mission, big mission in that initiative", "bLy72idmMVu-01962-00505789-00505924": "is called Europa Clipper,", "bLy72idmMVu-01963-00505924-00506223": "and it's going to a planet-sized satellite", "bLy72idmMVu-01964-00506223-00506609": "of Jupiter, called Europa, that not only has", "bLy72idmMVu-01965-00506609-00506872": "an ocean on the inside, but geysers in which the ocean", "bLy72idmMVu-01966-00506872-00507350": "actually sprays out into space and we can sample it, so,", "bLy72idmMVu-01967-00507350-00507673": "And that mission's going to launch in 2025 or 2026.", "bLy72idmMVu-01968-00507760-00507939": "Thank you, yes.", "bLy72idmMVu-01969-00508051-00508188": "- [Man] Triton, from my understanding,", "bLy72idmMVu-01970-00508188-00508521": "is very similar to Pluto and I assume", "bLy72idmMVu-01971-00508521-00508918": "is easier to get to than some place in the Kuiper belts.", "bLy72idmMVu-01972-00508918-00509217": "Why not go there next instead of going back", "bLy72idmMVu-01973-00509217-00509527": "to the Kuiper belts and what's next for New Horizons", "bLy72idmMVu-01974-00509527-00509722": "after Ultima Thule?", "bLy72idmMVu-01975-00509722-00509918": "- Okay, two very different questions.", "bLy72idmMVu-01976-00509918-00510058": "So first of all, for those who don't know,", "bLy72idmMVu-01977-00510058-00510460": "Triton is a moon of Neptune that used to be a planet", "bLy72idmMVu-01978-00510460-00510663": "on its own orbiting out there and got captured", "bLy72idmMVu-01979-00510663-00510887": "into orbit as a satellite of Neptune.", "bLy72idmMVu-01980-00510887-00511055": "And Voyager visited Triton,", "bLy72idmMVu-01981-00511055-00511252": "and so we know a lot about it.", "bLy72idmMVu-01982-00511252-00511526": "And it is a cousin of Pluto.", "bLy72idmMVu-01983-00511526-00511758": "It's not as geologically active.", "bLy72idmMVu-01984-00511758-00512130": "We would very much like to see a future mission", "bLy72idmMVu-01985-00512130-00512310": "to go back to Neptune and to study Triton", "bLy72idmMVu-01986-00512310-00512544": "and many other phenomenology there.", "bLy72idmMVu-01987-00512544-00512859": "I can tell you just today, NASA announced", "bLy72idmMVu-01988-00512859-00513166": "a whole series of studies for new missions", "bLy72idmMVu-01989-00513166-00513295": "in the solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-01990-00513295-00513442": "One of the missions that got funded,", "bLy72idmMVu-01991-00513442-00513757": "and I'm on this team, is a Pluto orbiter.", "bLy72idmMVu-01992-00513757-00513900": "That's as of today.", "bLy72idmMVu-01993-00513900-00514108": "I think I had 54 emails about this,", "bLy72idmMVu-01994-00514108-00514192": "people were excited.", "bLy72idmMVu-01995-00514192-00514347": "(audience applauds) Thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-01996-00514767-00515126": "And, and the woman scientist who runs that", "bLy72idmMVu-01997-00515126-00515242": "is named Carly Howett.", "bLy72idmMVu-01998-00515343-00515681": "And then another mission was selected", "bLy72idmMVu-01999-00515681-00516018": "among these 10 studies to go back to Neptune and Triton.", "bLy72idmMVu-02000-00516018-00516337": "And a woman named Abigail, or Abby Roemer", "bLy72idmMVu-02001-00516360-00516583": "is in charge of that one.", "bLy72idmMVu-02002-00516583-00516845": "So we are working on getting those missions.", "bLy72idmMVu-02003-00516900-00517121": "Thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-02004-00517121-00517218": "Next to last.", "bLy72idmMVu-02005-00517218-00517427": "- [Woman] So you mentioned the small window", "bLy72idmMVu-02006-00517427-00517776": "you had to get, to get, like, behind Pluto without hitting anything", "bLy72idmMVu-02007-00517776-00517929": "and everything going, as well.", "bLy72idmMVu-02008-00517929-00518210": "So were those calculations done before you left off,", "bLy72idmMVu-02009-00518210-00518398": "or was those one of the ones that you did, like", "bLy72idmMVu-02010-00518398-00518752": "while New Horizons was on its way there", "bLy72idmMVu-02011-00518752-00518924": "and, like, what kind of stuff did you do", "bLy72idmMVu-02012-00518924-00519068": "while it was on its way there?", "bLy72idmMVu-02013-00519068-00519263": "- Yeah, so those calculations were done", "bLy72idmMVu-02014-00519263-00519346": "before we ever launched.", "bLy72idmMVu-02015-00519346-00519535": "They were part of the design process.", "bLy72idmMVu-02016-00519535-00519727": "We had to know how accurately we'd have to navigate", "bLy72idmMVu-02017-00519727-00520006": "so we'd know what kind of navigation sensors to buy,", "bLy72idmMVu-02018-00520006-00520239": "and we had to know what kind of computations", "bLy72idmMVu-02019-00520239-00520360": "we had to do in real time on the spacecraft,", "bLy72idmMVu-02020-00520360-00520542": "how much fuel to have on board", "bLy72idmMVu-02021-00520542-00520779": "so that we could home in to the right timing", "bLy72idmMVu-02022-00520779-00520862": "and everything else.", "bLy72idmMVu-02023-00520862-00521051": "So all that kind of stuff has to get worked out", "bLy72idmMVu-02024-00521051-00521289": "far in advance, even before you can", "bLy72idmMVu-02025-00521342-00521510": "construct the spacecraft.", "bLy72idmMVu-02026-00521510-00521653": "And that's one of the things I really liked", "bLy72idmMVu-02027-00521653-00521920": "about the whole enterprise of what we do,", "bLy72idmMVu-02028-00521920-00522135": "is that you have to think really hard", "bLy72idmMVu-02029-00522135-00522322": "and have all these different technical specialties,", "bLy72idmMVu-02030-00522322-00522508": "different types of engineers and scientists", "bLy72idmMVu-02031-00522508-00522860": "to get all this right, because once you send it out,", "bLy72idmMVu-02032-00522860-00523000": "there's no getting it back to change it,", "bLy72idmMVu-02033-00523000-00523227": "improve it, oops, I forgot about that.", "bLy72idmMVu-02034-00523389-00523525": "What was your second question?", "bLy72idmMVu-02035-00523525-00523733": "- [Woman] So like, what did you do while--", "bLy72idmMVu-02036-00523733-00523820": "- Oh, on the way?", "bLy72idmMVu-02037-00523820-00523903": "- [Woman] Mm-hmm.", "bLy72idmMVu-02038-00523903-00524176": "- Yeah, it was over 10 years, right?", "bLy72idmMVu-02039-00524176-00524561": "And people asked me, and all my colleagues", "bLy72idmMVu-02040-00524561-00524805": "on New Horizons, we would get asked all the time,", "bLy72idmMVu-02041-00524805-00524980": "like, \"Are you bored?\"", "bLy72idmMVu-02042-00524980-00525144": "Like, \"What do you even do, do you work", "bLy72idmMVu-02043-00525144-00525413": "\"on New Horizons, I hear the spacecraft's hibernating.\"", "bLy72idmMVu-02044-00525413-00525603": "Right, and we were like working a million miles an hour", "bLy72idmMVu-02045-00525603-00525950": "every week of the year for nine years.", "bLy72idmMVu-02046-00525950-00526176": "For comparison, I told this in a class this morning", "bLy72idmMVu-02047-00526176-00526467": "to some students, when Voyager flew", "bLy72idmMVu-02048-00526467-00526990": "across the solar system, their team was 450 people.", "bLy72idmMVu-02049-00527000-00527234": "Our team was less than 50 people.", "bLy72idmMVu-02050-00527347-00527663": "So some of that's modern technology.", "bLy72idmMVu-02051-00527663-00527866": "We have laptops, they didn't.", "bLy72idmMVu-02052-00527866-00528020": "But, but we were just very busy.", "bLy72idmMVu-02053-00528020-00528555": "We just had a lot, we had the work of a 450-person team to do,", "bLy72idmMVu-02054-00528555-00528764": "and so literally, the entire journey", "bLy72idmMVu-02055-00528764-00528857": "across the solar system.", "bLy72idmMVu-02056-00528857-00529083": "Alice Bowman, who's my Mission Operations Manager,", "bLy72idmMVu-02057-00529083-00529444": "who's, if you've seen \"Apollo 13,\" you know,", "bLy72idmMVu-02058-00529444-00529648": "the Ed Harris character that runs mission control,", "bLy72idmMVu-02059-00529648-00529935": "that's Alice, except she doesn't have a crew cut.", "bLy72idmMVu-02060-00529935-00530235": "And, I mean, she called this a nine-year sprint,", "bLy72idmMVu-02061-00530235-00530477": "meaning we were busy the entire time,", "bLy72idmMVu-02062-00530477-00530646": "making our plans, checking them twice,", "bLy72idmMVu-02063-00530646-00530837": "planning for different flybys, if we found", "bLy72idmMVu-02064-00530837-00531019": "hazards we had to dodge,", "bLy72idmMVu-02065-00531019-00531262": "getting all the malfunction procedures together,", "bLy72idmMVu-02066-00531262-00531449": "doing all the crew training for the ground crew", "bLy72idmMVu-02067-00531449-00531743": "for what if this happens, what if that happens.", "bLy72idmMVu-02068-00531743-00531958": "There's a chapter in \"Chasing New Horizons\"", "bLy72idmMVu-02069-00531958-00532188": "called Battle Plan Pluto,", "bLy72idmMVu-02070-00532188-00532376": "which tells the whole story of what it takes,", "bLy72idmMVu-02071-00532376-00532526": "the inside story of what it takes", "bLy72idmMVu-02072-00532526-00532737": "to get ready for one of these one-shot,", "bLy72idmMVu-02073-00532737-00533029": "it's going to work or it's not going to work flybys.", "bLy72idmMVu-02074-00533029-00533190": "If you only can read one chapter", "bLy72idmMVu-02075-00533190-00533400": "and you want to nerd out, read that one, okay?", "bLy72idmMVu-02076-00533400-00533490": "- [Woman] Thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-02077-00533490-00533648": "- You're welcome.", "bLy72idmMVu-02078-00533648-00533779": "Last question.", "bLy72idmMVu-02079-00533779-00533885": "- [Woman] Thank you so much for your talk,", "bLy72idmMVu-02080-00533885-00534088": "this was really interesting.", "bLy72idmMVu-02081-00534088-00534286": "Based on what you were asking us earlier,", "bLy72idmMVu-02082-00534286-00534580": "my question is, do you think Pluto is a dwarf planet", "bLy72idmMVu-02083-00534580-00534724": "or a planet?", "bLy72idmMVu-02084-00534724-00534800": "(audience laughs)", "bLy72idmMVu-02085-00534800-00535022": "- I guess that's fair.", "bLy72idmMVu-02086-00535298-00535798": "So, there's a story behind this.", "bLy72idmMVu-02087-00535888-00536388": "Which is in 1991, right as I got my PhD,", "bLy72idmMVu-02088-00536388-00536696": "I published the definition of a dwarf planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-02089-00536790-00537050": "It's a small type of planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-02090-00537050-00537240": "So those are not mutually exclusive.", "bLy72idmMVu-02091-00537371-00537600": "Dwarf planets are a type of planet.", "bLy72idmMVu-02092-00537600-00537932": "And to planetary scientists, that's always been the case,", "bLy72idmMVu-02093-00537932-00538140": "with very rare exceptions, I'm sure there's some", "bLy72idmMVu-02094-00538140-00538405": "small minority that has some other idea.", "bLy72idmMVu-02095-00538405-00538584": "All right, and everything you know", "bLy72idmMVu-02096-00538584-00538766": "about this planet controversy comes from", "bLy72idmMVu-02097-00538766-00539100": "a misunderstanding, where astronomers", "bLy72idmMVu-02098-00539100-00539461": "passed some resolution in a professional society meeting", "bLy72idmMVu-02099-00539461-00539900": "in 2006, right? And got it very wrong.", "bLy72idmMVu-02100-00539900-00540220": "And somehow, the scientific press", "bLy72idmMVu-02101-00540220-00540507": "didn't look at that critically like they should've.", "bLy72idmMVu-02102-00540507-00540774": "Planetary scientists never use that definition", "bLy72idmMVu-02103-00540774-00540979": "in any research papers,", "bLy72idmMVu-02104-00540979-00541184": "because it doesn't make any sense.", "bLy72idmMVu-02105-00541184-00541470": "And it'd probably be about as bad a situation", "bLy72idmMVu-02106-00541470-00541866": "as if planetary scientists tried to make", "bLy72idmMVu-02107-00541866-00542055": "categorizations of galaxies.", "bLy72idmMVu-02108-00542055-00542187": "It's not our technical specialty,", "bLy72idmMVu-02109-00542187-00542315": "we would get it wrong.", "bLy72idmMVu-02110-00542315-00542451": "We might have our heart in the right place,", "bLy72idmMVu-02111-00542451-00542553": "but we'd flub it up.", "bLy72idmMVu-02112-00542642-00542970": "Another example might be that if, God forbid,", "bLy72idmMVu-02113-00542970-00543293": "you should ever have a neurological problem,", "bLy72idmMVu-02114-00543293-00543482": "you would want to go to a neurologist.", "bLy72idmMVu-02115-00543482-00543762": "Not some other type of doctor, let's say a podiatrist.", "bLy72idmMVu-02116-00543762-00543946": "You wouldn't go to a foot doctor to have your head fixed.", "bLy72idmMVu-02117-00543946-00544253": "Don't go to an astronomer to talk about planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-02118-00544423-00544663": "In planetary science, the small planets,", "bLy72idmMVu-02119-00544663-00544877": "the dwarf planets, are considered planets.", "bLy72idmMVu-02120-00544877-00545050": "You'll find that all through the published", "bLy72idmMVu-02121-00545050-00545193": "technical literature.", "bLy72idmMVu-02122-00545193-00545496": "And if you go to a professional planetary", "bLy72idmMVu-02123-00545496-00545810": "science meeting, like the Division of Planetary Sciences", "bLy72idmMVu-02124-00545810-00546001": "or the American Geophysical Union", "bLy72idmMVu-02125-00546001-00546229": "or the Geological Society of America,", "bLy72idmMVu-02126-00546229-00546420": "or any of those meetings and just sit quietly", "bLy72idmMVu-02127-00546420-00546662": "in the audience during talks,", "bLy72idmMVu-02128-00546662-00547025": "you'll hear those worlds called planets 100% of the time.", "bLy72idmMVu-02129-00547120-00547317": "We don't know what else to call them.", "bLy72idmMVu-02130-00547317-00547637": "So Pluto and the dwarf planets are planets,", "bLy72idmMVu-02131-00547637-00547787": "and I'm not alone in this, this the way", "bLy72idmMVu-02132-00547787-00548144": "the professionals categorize.", "bLy72idmMVu-02133-00548144-00548336": "But thank you for asking the question.", "bLy72idmMVu-02134-00548336-00548489": "And with that, I get to go to dinner.", "bLy72idmMVu-02135-00548489-00548674": "So thank you all very much, thank you, Steve.", "bLy72idmMVu-02136-00548674-00548974": "(audience applauds)", "bLy72idmMVu-02137-00549314-00549525": "- To everyone, thank you so very much", "bLy72idmMVu-02138-00549525-00549717": "for your participation.", "bLy72idmMVu-02139-00549717-00550111": "Students, as a professor, I just want you to know", "bLy72idmMVu-02140-00550111-00550347": "we didn't bring Alan here to set him up", "bLy72idmMVu-02141-00550347-00550580": "on a pedestal for you to marvel at.", "bLy72idmMVu-02142-00550580-00550777": "We brought Alan here to inspire you,", "bLy72idmMVu-02143-00550777-00551144": "to drive you on to all the great future opportunities", "bLy72idmMVu-02144-00551144-00551281": "you have in your careers.", "bLy72idmMVu-02145-00551281-00551565": "So thank you Alan, good night,", "bLy72idmMVu-02146-00551565-00551744": "Boiler Up, Hail Purdue.", "bLy72idmMVu-02147-00551744-00551840": "(audience applauds)", "bLy72idmMVu-02148-00551840-00551940": "- Thank you.", "bLy72idmMVu-02149-00552489-00552747": "(upbeat music)"}}]